English for specific purposes: a learning-centred approach

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English for Specific Purposes A learning-centred approach

NEW DIRECTIONS IN LANGUAGE TEACHING Editors: Howard B. Altman and Peter Strevens This important series is for language teachers and others who: -need to be informed about the key issues facing the language teaching profession today; -want to understand the theoretical issues underlying current debates; -wish to relate theory to classroom practice.

In this series: Communicative Language Teaching- An introduction by W il/iam Littlewood Developing Reading Skills- A practical guide to reading comprehension exercises by Fran~oise Grellet Simulations in Language Teaching by Ken Jones Video in Language Teaching by Jack Lonergan Computers, Language Learning and Language Teaching by Khurshid Ahmad, Greville Corbett, Margaret Rogers and Roland Sussex Beyond Methodology- Second language teaching and the community by Mary Ashworth Course Design- Developing programs and materials for language learning by Fraida Dubin and Elite Olshtain English for Specific Purposes- A learning-centred approach by Tom Hutchinson and Alar. Waters Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching by Janice Yalden Strategic Interaction- Learning languages through scenarios by Robert J. DiPietro Self-instruction in Langnage Learning by Leslie Dickinson Understanding Research in Second Language Learning- A teacher's guide to statistics and research design by James Dean Brown

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Focus on the Language Classroom- An introduction to classroom research for language teachers by Dick Allwright and Kathleen M. Bailey

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· English

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for Specific Purposes

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A learning-centred approach

Tom Hutchinson and Alan Waters

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f.llotwr:il!' of Quuhrrdg~ larently pla_ced 'iitthe centre ofthe course d_es_ign process. It proved in the event to be a false dawn~ Xs:wrsnall see--fri-tlierollow!rig-chapters,·rhe concept of needs thafitwas based on was far too simple.

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The development of ESP

4 Skills and strategies We noted that in the first two stages of the development of ESP all the analysis had been of the surface forms of the language (whether at sentence level, as in register analysis, or above, as in discourse analysis). The target siruation analysis approach did not really change this, because in irs analysis of learner need it still looked mainly at the. surface linguistic features of the target siruation. TheJQ!!!!I> stage of g5P h'!§..$.~.c:t).an_at1;ffi.J.m.J:Ql