Management Information Systems, 10th Edition

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Tenth Edition

James A. O’Brien College of Business Administration Northern Arizona University

George M. Marakas KU School of Business University of Kansas

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008, 2006, 2004, 2002, 1999, 1996, 1993, 1990 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ISBN 978-0-07-337681-3 MHID 0-07-337681-7 Vice president and editor-in-chief: Brent Gordon Editorial director: Paul Ducham Director of development: Ann Torbert Senior development editor: Trina Hauger Vice president and director of marketing: Robin J. Zwettler Marketing manager: Sarah Schuessler Vice president of editing, design and production: Sesha Bolisetty Senior project manager: Bruce Gin Buyer II: Debra R. Sylvester Senior designer: Mary Kazak Sander Senior photo research coordinator: Jeremy Cheshareck Photo researcher: Poyee Oster Media project manager: Cathy L. Tepper Cover design: Gino Cieslik Interior design: Maciej Frolow / Brand X Pictures Typeface: 10/12 Janson Compositor: Aptara®, Inc. Printer: R. R. Donnelley

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Brien, James A., 1936–2007 Management information systems / James A. O’Brien, George M. Marakas.—10th ed. p. cm. Includes Index. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-337681-3 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-07-337681-7 (alk. paper) 1. Management information systems. I. Marakas, George M. II. Title. T58.6.O26 2011 658.4⬘038011—dc22 2010027295

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Dedicated to our families and our friends. You make everything possible. The world of information systems presents new and exciting challenges each and every day. Creating a textbook to capture this world is a formidable task, to be sure. This, the 10th edition of Management Information Systems, represents the best we have to offer. We take pride in delivering this new edition to you, and we thank all of you for your loyalty to the book and the input you provided that was instrumental in its development. Your continued support fills us with joy and a sense of both accomplishment and contribution. We are also pleased and excited to welcome a new member to our writing family. Miguel Aguirre-Urreta has joined us in the creation of the materials contained herein. His work and effort on the Real World Cases and blue boxes will be apparent as we bring you new cases in every chapter of the book. Please join us in welcoming Miguel to our family. On behalf of Jim, Miguel, and myself, please accept our sincere appreciation for your support and loyalty. As always, we hope you enjoy and benefit from this book.