3,427 1,219 29MB
Pages 115 Page size 595.44 x 776.64 pts Year 2009
Major Rivers N am e Nile Am azo n Ch ang (Yangtze) M ississippi-M iss o u ri
Continent
Out fl o w
T o tal Lengt h (mi.)
Africa South Am erica Asia N o rt h Am eri ca
Mediterran ean Sea Atlantic Oce an East China Sea Gul f of Mexico
4,1 60 4,000 3,964 3,710
Major Deserts Name
Continent
Area (sq. m i.)
Sa hara Gobi Libya n Sono ran
Africa Asia Africa No rt h Ameri ca
3,500 ,000 500,000 450,000 120,000
Oceans Arct ic Ocean Area: Coastline: Average De p t h:
Atlantic Ocean Area: Coastl ine: Average De p t h:
5,426 ,000 sq. mi . 28 ,209 mi . 3,407 ft.
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean Area: Coas tli ne: Average Depth:
3 1,73 6,000 sq . mi . 69 ,525 m i. 11,730 ft.
Area: Coas tl ine : Average De p th:
28,410,000 sq. mi . 4 1,346 m i. 12,598 ft
63,838,00 0 sq. m i. 84,315 m i. 12,925 ft.
Highest Elevations M o untain Peak Name
Place
Height (ft.)
Con tinen t
Kilimanja ro Vinson Massif Everest Kosciu sk o Elb rus Mc Kin ley Aconcagua
Tanzani a Antarctica Nepal-Tibet Australia Russia Alask a, U.S. Argentina
19,340 16,864 29,035 7,3 10 18,5 10 20,320 22 ,834
Africa An tarctica Asia Au stral ia Europe N orth Am erica South America
Lowest Elevations Lo west P o in t Name
Place
Dep th Below Sea Lev el (ft .)
Continen t
Lake AssaI Bentl ey Subgla cial T re nc h Dead Sea Lak e Eyre Cas p ia n Sea Death Valley Vald es Pen in su la
Djib outi
512 8,327* 1,3 10 52 92 282 13 1
Afri ca Antarctica Asia Aus trali a Europe North America South America
Antarctica
Israel-Jo rdan Aust ralia Rus sia - Azerbaijan Califo rn ia, U.S. Argentina
' Estimated Copynght © 2005 by MapQue st. Inc All rig~ t s reserved
-
Published by
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by Meprxest. Inc.
All nqhts reserved.
While everycare has been taken to trace and acknowledge copy right, the publishers tender their apologies for any accidental infringement where copynqht hasproved untraceable.
Allnghts reserved. No part of thrs book may be reproduced or trans mitt ed In any fo rm by any means electronic, mechanical, or other Wise, whether now or hereafter devised. including photocopying, recording, or by any Information and retrieval system, without espress writt en prio r pe rm ission from the Publisher.
Acknowledgements.
"How to use this Atlas" written by ElspethLeacock
MeXICO Statecoat of arms on page 76. © 200J mextcan-Ilaq.com Photographs on pages 24-25 (Deserts, Nature, China/Tibet. Alaska,
Brazu,Arctic). 26-27 (Landscapes. Nature, Australia, China/ Tibet), 59
(rivers), 60--61(nature, Landscapes, Hawaii, Caribbean), 62- 63 (Arctic)
Copynqbt © 2005 Corel corp. and their suppliers.
Photographs on pages 26-2 7 1V01.16, 44, 74), 60- 61 1V01. 16, 44).
62-3 1V01. 16, 44)
Copyright © 2005 Pbotolxsc. Inc.
Photograph on page 42 (Wright brother's flight)
Copynght © 2005 NASA Photographs on pages 58, 62- 63 (Southern California)
Ccpynqbt © 2005 Drqital Stock Corp. Photograph on page 62 (Rockiespring) Copynghl © 2005 Freestockphotos ccm Pnotcqraphs on pages 68--69 No!. 194 )
Copynqbr © 2005 Corbrs Corp.
•
World Facts and Figures Using This Atlas Legend Map Scale Latitude and Longitude Different Kinds of Maps Our Solar System World Physical World Political Ocean Floor Dynamic Earth
Earthquakes Volcanoes Continental Drift World Climate World Vegetation World Environment
World Forest Cover Tropical Ra in Forests World Population
Population Density Population Projections World Population
Life Expectancy: 1999, 2025 Youthful Population Food and Nutrition World Culture
Languages Literacy Religions Historical Spread of Religions World Land Use Industrial Employment Agricultural ,Employment World Resources
Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Major Minerals Electrical Energy Production World Communications
Television Receivers Newspaper Circulation Personal Computers Cellular Communications World Transportation
Time Zones Major Airports
Inside front cover .4- 5
6
7
8- 9
10-11
12- 13
14- 15
16- 17
18- 19
20
21
22-23
24-25
26- 27
28
29
30-3 1
30
32
33
33
,
34
34
35
35
36- 37
36
37
38-39
38-39
39
.40
.41
.41
.41
.42
.43
..
North America Political .44
.45
North America Physica l North America Themes
Population Density .46
.47
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Land Use 47
Climate .48
Precipitation .48
Vegetat ion .49
Environmental Issues: Deforestation, Desertification,
Acid Rain .49
Un ited States Political 50-51
United States Political Facts 52-53
Un ited State s Physical 54-55
Un ited States Physical Facts 56-57
Geographic Featu res
58
Continental Divide U.S. Earthquakes 58
59
Fall Line Faults 59
60-61
United States Cli mate United States Vegetation 62-63
United States Land Use 64-65
66-67
United State s Resources United State s Transportation: Road, Ra ilroads, Airports . .68-69
United States Population
Population Density 70-71
Distribution of Population by Region: 1900, 1950,2000 70
71
Center of Population Percent Change in State Population, 1990-2000 .71
United States Economy
72.-73
Per Capita Income Persons Below the Poverty Level .73
74
Canada Political Canada Physical .75
Mexico Political 76
Mexico Physical 77
South America Political .78
South America Physical 79
South America Themes
Population Density 80
81
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Land Use 81
Climate 82
Precipitation 82
Vegetat ion 83
South America Themes, continued
Environmental Issues: Deforestation, Desertification
83
84
Europe Political
Europe Physical
85
Europe Themes
86
Population Density
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
87
Land Use 87
Climate 88
Precipitation 88
Vegetat ion 89
Environmental Issues: Deforestat ion, Desertification,
89
Acid Rain Africa Political 90
Africa Physical 91
Africa Themes
Population Density 92
93
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Land Use 93
Climate 94
Precipitation 94
Vegetation 95
Environmental Issues: Deforestation, Desertification 95
96
Asia Political Asia Physical 97
Asia Themes
Population Density 98
Gross Domestic Product (GDPr 99
Land Use 99
Climate 100
Precipitation 100
Veqetatio n> 101
-, Environmental Issues: Deforestat ion, Desertification,
Acid Ra in ; 101
102
Australia and. Oceania Political ...r" Australia and Oceania Physical 103
Australia and-Oceania Themes
Population Density
104
105
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Land Use 105
Climate 106
Precipitation 106
Vegetation 107
Envi ronmental Issues: Deforestation , Desertification 107
Index 108- 112
Geographic Glossary Inside back cover
•
is a collectio n of m ap s that can be us ed to find information abo ut your world. The very latest data has been collected to mak e these maps. Hundred s of sat ellite im ages were used to map th e dramatic sh rin king of Eart h 's for est s. The latest cens us data from each a nd every coun tr y was used to build a picture of Eart h's current population. T he m ost recent scienti fic research was used to crea te th em atic map s of continental drift, th e ocea n floor, th e envi ro nme n t and our natural resources. Look closely an d yo u will see that th e informat ion fo r th e map s comes from many di fferent so urces suc h as NASA, th e U.S. Department of th e Inter ior or th e Wo rld Bank. You can use th ese map s to explo re yo u r world, discover co n nec tions bet ween places, and see relation ships between places a nd peoples. But thi s a tlas is m o re than ju st a wealth of information . It is fun to look a t to o. You will find th at th ese ma ps an d ph o to graphs can evo ke im ages of far away pla ces. T hey in vite you to pause an d to dream . With a m ap you can journey th e world without ever getting wet, cold, tir ed or hungry. You ca n im agine grea t adven tu res an d not leave th e co m fort of your favorite ch air!
AN ATLAS
To get th e most o ut of this a tlas you need to know how to read maps. Just as you learned to read wo rds like th e o nes on thi s page, you can learn how to read th e lan guage of maps. The map skills yo u need to kn ow ar e: 1. locating pla ces 2. measuring di stance 3. finding directi on 4. read ing m ap sym bols
CUlCO, Peru Cyclades,Islands Cyprus,country, Cyprus, Island Cyrenaica,region Czech Reo.. country
78 85 96 97 91 84
Dakar, Senega! Dallas, TX Dalmatia, region Dernareland, region Damascus, SYria d'Ambre, Cap,cape Da Nang,Vietnam Danube, nver DanubeDelta, delta
90 50 85 91 96 91 96 85 85 85 90 103
Derdeoel'es.st-e« Dares Salaam, Tanzania Darling, fiver
Locating Places To find pla ces in thi s a tlas, you can begin with th e index. To find Dalla s follow th ese steps . 13'3 2'5 71'S6'W 1. Look up Dallas in th e index a t th e 37'OO'N 2S'OO'E en d of thi s book. 3S'OO'N 33' OO'E 3S'OO'N 33'OO'E 2. T he index tells you th at D alla s is a 2S'OO'N 24'OO'E 49'OO'N lS'OO'E city in Texas and that it can be found on page 50. You will also 14' 42'N 17'27'W learn that Dallas is located at 32' 47' N 96' 48'W
44' 00'N 16'0 0'E 32 °4 7'N (32 de gr ees 47 minutes 21'00'5 19'OO'E
3J'J l' N 36' 18'E north) and 96° 48' W (96 degr ees 48 12' 00'5 48'0 0'E
16' OJ'N 108' 12'E minutes wesr.) 49' OO'N 10' OO'E
4S' OO'N 29'OO'E
3. Go to page 50 and find th e lin e of 40'OO'N 27'OO'E 6'49 '5 39' 17'E latitude nearest to th e number Jl 'OO'S 144'00' E 32 ° N and th e lin e oflongitude nea rest to th e number 96 °W. You will find Da llas close to wh ere th ose two lin es m eet. You can learn more ab out latitude a nd longitude o n pages 8- 9.
• reneda
o
6 260
200
400 mi
' 400 km '
Measuring Distance To m easure di stance most maps have a distan ce scale. You can learn more abo u t m easuring di s tan ce on pa ge 7.
-w 4 5
E
Finding Di rection To find directi ons use th e m ap's compass rose. You can also lise lines oflati tude an d longi tude to find directio n . Every line oflongi tude points n orth a nd so uth. Every lin e oflati tud e points east and west. You can learn m ore abo u t la titude and longitud e on pages 8-9. Readin g Map Symbols Every m ap sym bo l shows the locati o n of some thing. It could be so m ething as large as a conti nent o r as sm all as a bird-house. A dot sh ows th e locat ion of a city. A blu e line shows the co urse of a river. Bu t map sym bols are not t he same on all maps. One map m ight sho w a city with a sq uare. Map legends or keys help explain t he symbols used on a map. You ca n find o ut m o re abou t legends an d th e m a p sym bo ls used in this atlas on page 6.
Special Features o f this Atlas Th is atl as has been designed and organi zed to be easy fo r you to use. Here is a "ro ad map" to your atlas .
The Blu e T ab Ba r So mewhere along the top blue tab ba r of each sp read yo u will see a dark er blu e tab . It tells you
th e subject of th e map or ma ps you are look in g at. The ligh t blue ta bs tell you the subjects of the sur ro un ding m ap spreads. If, for example, you are loo king at the World Clim ate map and would lik e to co mpare it to th e World Vegeta tio n m ap, you can use the tabs to find that map q uickly and easily.
Map Skills
Look at t he blu e tab bar above and you will see that you a re in t he m a p skills sectio n. This sec
tion should be called "Read Me First " beca use it is here that you will fin d all sorts of helpful inform a tio n about maps and how to read them. Even if yo u are a p racticed m ap reader, read t his sect ion ! The Wo rl d In th is section you will find a world poli tical map, a wo rld physical m ap, an d 35 world the matic m aps. T he world political m ap shows the most u p to date na tional boundaries. On the wo rld physical m ap yo u can see huge desert s,
great moun tai n ran ges, a n d even th e sea ice that covers much of th e Arcti c. The th ematic maps inclu d e t he most up to date mforrnanon on everything from the world di stribunon of com p u ters and televisions to life expectancy, religion an d literacy. If you want to see the ocean floo r, o r to find wh er e 111 the world vol canoes fo rm , th is IS the sec tio n to look in.
Fi e!
.\ N
Co n tin en t s The co ntin ent u n its are de sign ed to all have t h e same kin ds o f m ap s. This will en able yo u to compare and contrast one continenr with an o t he r with ease an d accuracy. There IS a political map, a ph ysical map, and a to tal o f seven them ati c maps p er co n tinen t. Used individ u ally each map can provide answers to m any q u es tio n s. But all together , each set of m aps can be used to tell a story.
-
Geographic Features Th ere are two sp ecial "Geogr ap hic Feature s" mcluded in this atl as. To find out how th e co n t ine n ts, Earth 's greatest land features, have been drifnng a ro u n d the glo be, turn to pages 22 -23 . To t ake an 1t1 de p th look at fall line s, d ivid es, and fau lts turn to the United States Geograp h ic Features sp read o n pages 58 -59 .
\1.
Charts and Graphs This atlas IS filled With ch arts, graphs an d d ia grams. They are used to gIve m ore information about su bject s shown on th e maps. To make these charts and grap h s, long list s of th e m ost up to date data was gathered. Then al l th ose number s were o rganized into gr aphic d isp lays th at ca n be read sim p ly and acc u ra tely.
._ 1
Van c o~
~~;~; : T"c~ " .
.(
Canada and Mexico Ca n ada and Mexico b oth h ave t h eir own spread s that include a political and phys ical m ap.
*
0" •
Portlafld.
..."1::
- - Consumpt ion
-----~
20
i;
Line graphs are u sed to sh ow change in amounts over time.
l 15 ] 10 f-Im agine a jo u rn ey cro ssmg a contin en t . You can see t h e regio n s vrsi red , the rnounrams climbed, or t h e de serts crossed. You can tell if many peo pl e are passed al ong the way o r few. You ca n d escr ib e th e acnvin cs of th e people. Will yo u see nun ers o r ranc he rs o r farmer s? An d yo u can tell about the different climates exp erienced alon g th e way. All o f rhrs informa tion an d m ore is on th e maps for every conn nent but An tarct ica.
-:7"'S,£-- """"= '----.:::>---.-E.
o
~ 5 f'-----+-~"'-----
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
IA $2.679
NC $1 ,624 MN $1,083
Bar gr aphs ar e used to co m pare amoun ts.
IL $762
NE $640
IN $545
Enviro n m en t al Issues T h ere IS a sp ecial "E nv ironmen tal Issu es" feature for each continent an d o ne for the wo rld. To cr eate th ese features the latest SCIen tific in fo rm a n o n wa s gath ered an d orga ni zed for yo u. The topiC S cover th e three major en vironmental Issues faced by crn zcn s today, desertific a tio n , d eforestati on, an d acid ram. The United Sta t es oston In th e sectio n o n the Umred States MA you will find a pol itical map WIth T 1 \ tw o pag es o f poliucal fact s, a physi P cal map With two pages o f physic al facts, an d seven themanc map sp reads .
L.-
NY
t
Pie chart s show percentages of a total.
Glossary Ther e are many geographic terms fo u n d on maps such as fjord, isthmus, or plateau. Yo u can find th e m eaning o f th ese and ot h er t erm s in the geographic glossary located on t he in sid e back cover.
The staffat Mapquest worked hard to make this atlas a referencebook that is bothfull ofinformation and fun and ea.ry to use. We hopethaty ou enjoy your copy.
Legend
T he fo llowi ng sym bo ls are used her e for gen eral referen ce m ap s. Map s with spec ial su bjec ts (thematic m ap s) have their own ul1lqu e legends.
, .0
General Reference Maps
D
National capita l
*
Other capita l
Physical Maps Legend Nonsubject area
Pack ice --Ft3==~----::;?("---;;;;:r\l
Mou ntain peak
Oth er city
Lowest p oint
International boundary (pol iti cal map)
=
Internati onal bou ndary in d ispute/und efined (polit ical map) State or provincial boundary
Perennial lake Intermitt ent lake Perennial river
M o unt ain s-+-----"~
or: -7~~'"-:---t-- Tundra
Oceans and seas
--'=+~+-f--
Arid lands -
+--."".,.v
.~£-..:..~__;=.",.:r_---+- Grassl ands
International boundary in d ispu te (physical map)
A glo be IS the m ost accu ra te picture of the Earth. Onl y a glo be ca n show di st an ce, directi on, an d the t ru e sha pe a nd area o fl and and sea. Map m akers st ruggle with how to sho w th e ro und world on a fla t map .
Imagine the Earth as a large balloon. \ ~\
Forests
Falls
International boundary (physical map)
Projections
Ice caps
Cut it apart, and flatten it to make a map.
To show th e ro und Ear rh o n flat pap er , m apm ak ers used d ifferent
projections , o r ways o fjsho wm g a ro u n d sha pe o n a flat su rface .
With every proj ection the sha pes o f places a re cha nged so m ewhat. This IS ca lled di stortion . To find distorti on, you can co m pa re the la tit ud e and lon gitude lines of a map to th ose same lines o n a glo be.
Mercator Projection Gerardus Merca tor, a Du tc h map ma ker, wanted a map proj ection th at sho wed directi on and shape accurately. T he prob lem s with drst o rr ron s are mo re ob vIOUS o n rlu s p rojecti on. Yo u can see th at the lan d ar eas a re very d istorted the clo ser to th e pol es th a t yo u ge t. So, thi s projecti on ende d up grearly distorting d ist an ce a nd size.
Thisdiagram shows how a Mercator projection distortsthe sizes ofplaces. Compare Greenland on the map and the globe.
Projections - Making the Round World Flat Robinson Projection Arthur Rob in son, an American m ap m ak er , wanted to d evelop a
ma p proj ect IOn that "loo ked" n ght. T hi s projecti on uses ma ny
di sto rti ons bu t none are
Sign ifica n t. You can see rhi s
by co m pa n n g o ne o f th e la rge scale Wo rld m ap s m th is atlas to a glo be.
Azimuthal Projection T h is IS a projecti on used to sh ow Antarctica and th e Arctic . Azim uthal map s show d irecti o n a nd dis tan ce acc u ra tely, if m easured from th e center of the map. Bu t, o ther d istances, sha pe and size ar e distorted.
r:
Changing Scale T he larg e sc al e map of New York 's lower Manharran (top) sh ows a small area with a large amounr of derail. T he small sca le m ap of New Yo rk State (bottom) is a lar ge area with a small amo u nr of de tail.
Map Scale o
2 mile s
IJ 11I1111111111111111111111111 111 inches One inch represe nts 1 mile
, o
i
,
i
i
10
20
30
40
I
50 kilometers
WlllllllllIIIIIIII11111111111~111111111~1111 1 " 1 centimeters One centimeter represen ts 10 kilometers
Latitude and Longitude
NORTH POLE
Since an cient time s, mapmak ers, geographers, an d navigarors have work ed to develop a system fo r accu rate ly loca tin g places o n th e Eart h. O n a sphe re, such as the Earth , the re are no co rne rs o r sides, no beginrung o r end. But since the Earth ro tates on an axis, th ere are two fixed points: th e No rt h Pole and the So u th Pol e. These pomts mak e a good start ing pla ce for a syste m o f im ag inary lin es. These im aginar y line s fo rm a grId over th e Ear th, allo wm g us w pmpOlnt the exact locatio n of any SpOt o n the Eart h. This sp he rica l grid IS called the grati cule. It is fo rm ed by lines ca lled latitude a nd longitude.
/ Parall els of Latitude
Merid ia ns of Longitude
I
The Graticule
NORTH POLE 90 0N
Latitude
EQUATOR 0° I----t----I-~---'----l 0°
Halfw ay betw een the pol es the equato r CIrcles th e globe 111 an eas t west d irectio n. Latitude IS measured in d egr ees north or so u th of the equaw r, whi ch IS 0 d egrees (0). Lin es of latitude are called parall el s becau se th ey circle th e glo be parall el to the eq uato r. Parallels a re numbered from 0 ° at th e Equ ato r to 90 ° N a t th e No rt b Pole an d 90 °S a t the So uth Pole .
90°5 SOUTH POLE
Longitude Ru nning fro m pole to pol e, lm es o f longitude-ccal led m eridi a ns - circle th e glob e In a north-south direcnon. As In any circle or sp here, th ere a re 360 d egr ees ( 0) oflong itu de. T he m erid ian s are nu m bere d fro m the Pr im e Meridian wlnch IS labeled 0 °. Meridian s east 1800 o r west o f th e Prime Mer idran a re la beled E or W up to 180 ° .The ln ternan c nal Date Lin e generally foll ows th e 180 ° m eridian , 0E 0 90 rnakmg a few Jogs to 90 W aVOId cuttll1g th rou gh land a reas .
0° Prime Mer idi an
180° In tern atio nal D ate Line -
Parallels and Meridians-The Fads
~--'-I-+
Pa rallels · ar e lines oflatitude used to measure location nor th o r so u th of the Equator · are always th e sa me d ista nce apart (a bo u t 70 m iles) · di ffer III leng th · The Equa to r, the lon gest par allel, IS a lm ost 25 ,000 mil es lon g
Meridi a n s · are lines of longitude used to measure loca tio n east o r west of th e Prime Meri d ian · meet at th e pol es · a re all th e same length
160'140'1 20"100"80' 60" 40' 20' 0' 20" 4W 60" 80' 100"120' 140' 160 ,
/
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60"'--"
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AMERICA
40'
EU RO PE
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+--- AUSTRALIA
20'
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40"'->'"
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Which way north... The geograp hic No rt h a nd South Po les are fixed points lo cated at each end of the Eart h 's axis. T he Ear th 's m agn et ic fields cause th e needle of a co m pa ss to POlllt toward ma gn eti c no rth, not geog raphic north. The north m agn et ic po le IS locat ed in th e nor th ern territo ries of Canada. T he so ut h magn eti c po le IS loca ted nea r th e coast of An ta rctica. T he ma gn eti c po les are co ns tan tly movlllg.
NORTH POLE
Degrees, Minutes, Seconds A degree (0) of latitude o r lon gitude can be d ivrded mto 60 part s called minutes (' ). Each minute can be d rvided in to 60 seco nds (") . T he di agram at tIght IS an exa m p le of a place loca ted to t he nearest secon d. It is writt en as: 42° 21 ' 30 " N 7 1° 03 ' 37 " W • Th is place
IS
City cen ter, Boston, Massachusetts.
The index a t the back of this Atlas uses degr ees and m in utes ofl atitude and lon gitude to help yo u find places.
SOUTH POLE
Different Kinds of Maps Maps are special pictures of places on Earth. All maps are alike in th ese lmportam ways: • All maps ar e a view from abo ve • All map s show selected info rmati on usm g sym bo ls • All map s are sm aller than th e real place o n Earth thar th ey show. Because peop le want to sho w many different dungs on Eart h, th ey create m an y d ifferent kinds of m ap s.
Physical Maps
~~~~~~=~
The purpose of a physical map is to show th e ph ysical or na tural " ~ Wo rld . Physical m ap s sh ow landforms a nd bodi es of _':; ~ _. water. We use physical '..... map s to locate rivers and m ountains, ocean cu rren ts and wind pat te rns .
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Thematic, or Special Purpose Maps
/
These maps show a specific subject (rhe me) o r very limired number of subjects (such as population d en sity, climate or h istorical topics). They can be used to sho w distributions and relat ionsh ip s among m ap featu res. This page contains exam ples o f the ma ny ~ typesof maps to be found through out th e ...
Student Atlas ofthe World.
• Hist oric Route Map
Gross Domestic Product • (GOP) Map
Population • Density Map
V egetatio n • M ap
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/ ' St. Ma n (Fr. an d Ncrh .}
. l' . _ Monlse" at (U.K.) ST. xrrrs e: Guapeloupe (Fr.)
;?:" A'V' G UA AN D BARBUDA
AND NEV IS
" DO~lI NICA 'Ii M4rtinique (Fr.) d
sT\ LUCIA
\ t> BARBADO S
•
GRENADA ·
+
10"N
PACIFIC OCEAN 90 "W
. . .:
.~ $T. VINCENT AN D
T'JIEGRENA DIN ES
, "
MISSOURI
Pb
Pb F. Pb
cu
Unit ed Ki ngdo m 12.01
,~
,
V~
:
I'
ARKA: : ;
.. ,
~ • KENTUCKY
~
9'
,.,y
7
Quadrillion BTU,
SOurc e International Energy Database. U S Energy
Inform ati on
Adm,n,stratiOf'l
World 's Leading Energy Consumers, 1999
u.s. 92.87 China 31.88
j TENN: -SEE v'
Russia 26.01
~
Germany 13.98 Quadrillion BTU,
Canada 12.52
GEORGIA
\M ISSISSIP PI
Q>
Japan 21.71
SOurce. Int ernati o nal Energy Databas e, U.S. Energy Infor mation Ad m in istrat io n
ALABAMA U.S. Percentag e of World Fuel Production, 2000
o \S
~
Unit ed St ates 23.2%
~
LOUISI ANA
~
Coal Pet roleum
8.9%
Nat ural gas
22.0%
World
SOurce' M inerals Yearbook. U S, Geolo gic al Survey:
Inte rnatio nal Energy Annual. U.S Energy Infor mation Adrr\in,sv ation
Leadin g Petroleum Producing States, 1999
Leading Natural Gas Producing States, 1999
Leading Coal Producing States, 2000 WY 338.9
TX $14,106
TX $7,767
WV 158.3
LA $11,649
AK$4,829 OK $3,223
CA $3,844
NM $3,191
LA $2,128
OK $1,254
WY $1,621
NM $1,124
CO $1,436
Va l ue in-"'~,",,'=~'
Source' Pet ro leum Supp ly Annual, U S, E:.ner gy lofceroeticn Ad n"lf1istrat io n
Source: Na tural Gas Annual, U,S. E:.ne rgy InforlT'ation Ad ministra tion
KY 104.9
PA 74.6
TX 18.2 MT 38.4 SOurce ' Coa l Ind ustry Annual
Million short t ons 2000. U.S. E:.nergy
Informat ion Ad ministrat ion
,r)P'
0
Transport at ion Limited access (free) Limit ed access (tol l) Primary highway Amtrak Time zone boundary
~
Int erstate hig hway
®
U.S. highway
®
St at e hig hway
@
Nat ional capita l
*
St at e capital
@
O the r city
~
Population Pe rsons pe r
sq . mile
Pe rso ns pe r sq . km
a ve' 1040
Over 400
520 to 1039
260 to 519
200 to 399 100 to 199
130 to 259
25 to 129
1 to 24
SO to 99 10to 49
Under 1
Under 1
WA
MT
ND
1 to 9 I--
OR
Major cit ies Ov er 1 million • 500.000 to 1 million • 250,000 to 500,000
•
_
ID
SD WY
U.S. Resident Population 300
J
250
'E c
g 200 .~
'S
a.
d"
__
.
I
, ,
150 --
100
-
- -- ---c:>.e=-- - -
Denver
I
- - - - - -- -
I I I I
I I 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Las Veg as
CO
-----
-
80 -
- -- -- --
-
>
.....
I
AZ
,; Phoeni
San Diego
A urora • Co lorado Spring s
~
I
KS Wie
I
I
Population per Square Mile
NE
--,
esa
I
-
I
,Oklahoma
Ibuq uerque
l
NM
I
Cit\"
Ft. Wort Arlin
TX 10 --
---=->;;., . . - - -
-
Austin
-
AK
o
I I' I' 1" '1 " '1 ' 1790 1830 1870 1910 1950 1990
Source: U 5 Ce nsus Bureau
" Honolulu·
HI
a
\ "
Distribution of Population by Region: 1900, 1950, 2000 1900
1950
2000
Source ; u.s. Cens us Bureau
a
20 Largest Cities, 2000 Population City
8,008,2 78 2 Los Angeles 3,694,820 2,896 ,016 3 Chicago 1,953,631 4 Houston
7,322,564 3,48 5,398
5 Philadelphia 1,517,550 1,321,045 6 Phoenix
1,585,577
7 San Diego 8 Dallas
1,223,400 1,188,580
9 San Antonio 1,144 ,646 10 Detroit 951 ,270 894,943 11 San Jose 12 Indianapolis 13 San Francisco 14 Jacksonville
KS Nichit a .
15 Columbus 16 Austin 17 Baltimore 18 Memphis 19 Milwaukee
,Tulsa
oma
City
20 Boston
AR
OK
Vort
1990
2000
1 New York
2,783 ,726 1,630 ,553 983,403 1,110,549 1,006,877 935,933 1,027,974 782,248
MS
The center of u.s. populati on IS the cen te r o f "po p ulatio n gr211fy, " or [he po int o n wh ich [he U. S. wo uld bal ance If ir were a rigi d plan e, assu nll ng all mdividuals weigh the same and exert influenc e p rop orti onal to [h eir di stance from a
~
22 .3% -7.5% 14.4
71 1,470
632,910
12.4%
656,562 65 1,154
465,622 41% 736,014 -11.5%
6.7%
650, 100
610,337
6.5%
596,974 589,141
628 ,088 574,283
-5.0% 2.6%
10.0 to 14.9% Increase 5.0 to 9.9% increase
a to 4.9% Increase Decrease
cen tr al P0l!1 L
2000
FL
Source U.S. Census Bureau
10.2% 18.0%
7.3% 15.8%
1990-2000
U.S. Center of Population
34.3%
635,230
Percent Change in State Population More than 30% inc rease 25.0 to 30% increase 20.0 to 24.9% increase 15.0 to 19.9% increase
19.8% -4.3%
735,617
AL
LA
6.0% 4.0%
74 1,952 723,959
Arl ingto
ti n
9.4%
79 1,926 776,733
Source: u.s. Census Bureau
alias
Change
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Per Capita Income Per capita per son al income* in do llars
WA
$24,000 and above
$ 18,000 to $24,000
$14,000 to 18,000
$ 12,000 to $ 14,000
MT
$6.000 to $12,000
ND
Not report ing
OR
(
"Per cao.ta pe rsonal Inco me is the mean average Incom e co mp ut ed fo r every man, wo man, and child in a p articula r area. It 1$ d erived by d ivid Ing the ro ral income o f a part icular area by the tot al popu lation of that area. The areas used in th IS map are the co untie s and county eq uivalents.
WY
Based on latest availab le dat a. Source: Bureau of Econo mic Ana lysis,
U S. Cen sus Bu reau
NE San Francisc o
San Jo se-
Earnings
Denver
CA
• CO
by Gender
KS Male $40,257
Female $23,551
Earnings
.....
by Race
Los Angeles •
Whit e
AZ
"
M ale $41,598
\.
• Phoenix
Female $23,756
NM
Black Male $28,821 Female $21,694
Dall
Hisp anic
TX
Male $24,970
Female $18,187
Source
Cu rre n l Popu /arron
ALASKA
Reports, u.s Censvs Bureau. 2000
San Antonio.
--
............. ~...
Earnings $100,000 , -- -$80,000
by Education -
-
- --
Level -
-
-
-
-
-
- --
-
-
f-- - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - ,,.-
$60,000 f - - - --
- - -- - - - - -- - - ,I -- -
$40,000 f-- - --
- - - - - - - ,, ,""--- - - - -
$20.000
~-,..,.--~~~1111""'~~=~--------No hig h schoo l dip loma
High school
Some A SSOci at e 's Bachelor's Master' s coll ege
Doctorate Source: Correot Population Reports, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000
·
..
Luxembourg $36,400 United States $36,200 Bermuda $33,000 San Marino $32,000 Switzerland $28,600 Aruba $28,000 Norway $27,700 Monaco $27,000 Singapore $26,500 Denm ark $25,500
MS
Belg ium $25,30 0 Austr ia $25,000 Jap an $24,900 Canada $24,800 Iceland $24,800 France $24,400 Neth erland s $24,400
Persons Below the Poverty Level
~
30% and above 25% to 30% 20% to 25% 15% to 20% 10% to 15% Less than 10%
Pove rty level is based on the incom e a house hold needs so that no more than a third of inco me must be used for adeq uate food . House holds with incomes below this le vel are conside red to be poor. The U.s . governmen t adj usts the pover ty leve l accord ing to house hold size, and revises it each year for changes in the cost of living.
Source: Census 2000. U.S. Census Bureau
Ge rmany $23,400
*estimated ,2ooo
Aust ralia $23,200
Source: TheWorld Faetbook2000.
CIA
1400w
Canada
HI
I
Canada
Alberta
.-,
- - Sask a tch ewan
l!I
,
lil1l
t
== Manitoba
~
~
Ontario
* •
Sault Ste Mer.e
Vancouver
Toront o
Symbol and label sizes md icate relative sizes of cities:
Other captial
Quebec
aI
a
New Brunswick
'lVDI. -1
500 krn
St-Pierre & Miquelon (Fr .)
,
500
mi
Nova Sco tia
Prin ce Ed ward Island
\
...
,' l~~
Newfoundland and Labrador
'
250
I~ PI
~ ~
250
• Largest City: Toronto, Ontario, 2,481,494 (city population)
• Largest Lake: Great Bear La ke, 12,096 sq. mi. (31 ,328 sq. km)
• Longest River: Mackenzie, 1,023 mi. (1,730 km)
• Lowest Point: sea level
• Highest Point: Mt. Logan, 19,551 ft. (5,959 m)
• Area: 3,511,022 square miles (9,093,507 square kilometers)
Lab r a d o r Sea
~E W:
~'X
All offshore island s in
Hudson Bay.j am es Bay, Ungava Bay.
and Hu dson Stra it are part of
Nu navut
' \
\~~'5(-,." ~
...
National capital
Provincial boundary
International boundary
@
D D
0W
130
~lS0OW
Mountain peak
Provincial bo undary
Internatio nal boundary
oI 250
250
1100W
I
500 km
' '
500 mi
-z.U'
s
w 4'
Labrador Sea
OCEAN
/
ATLANTIC
,
1!
I,
I)
°lto
v'o~
~~
'
500
a
500
aI ,
-.'
0'
@ M, le
MALDIVES
INDIAN
1,000 mi
5
N
w 4
OCEAN
E
10'5
AR CTI C O CEAN
l00 'E 12O"E
.(>"'"
PACIFIC OCEAN
,,/
\()""
• Largest Country: Russia (Asian) 4,928,980 sq. mi. (12,766,000sq. km)
• Largest Lake: Caspian Sea 143,244 sq. mi. (371,000 sq. km)
• Longest River: Chang (Yangtze), China 3,964 mi. (6,379 km)
• Lowest Point: Dead Sea, Israel/Jordan 1,310 ft. (399 m) below sea level
• Highest Point: Mt. Everest, China/ Nepal 29,035 ft. (8,850 m)
• Area: 17,139,000 square miles (44,390,000 square kilometers)
\
40~N
50~N
I
60 0E
7lYN
'c'.
._
800E
-..!~~.: ~~-- -----~~~"!..~-~':~':~-~l/~~a ~------------------------------------------
~:~w_~=~
------- - ------------------\----------- -------- ---------------------- --- -- - - - --------------- -- - --
I
E
I
I
I
(i'
I
-~1~== South Korea --
1/
I
I
7
I
I I
I
~mJ A . ~~~-=~::;~;~ :~~-- ~_:_~~~~-.~~~~:== ==-.:..~~~=~~~=~=_~~~==:;:~ === =i~_B
"hI'",
.~
I I e. -.
INDIAN IOCEAN
W JVE S
n ];
s
Indonesia
Jakarta Bandung Bogor Malang Iran Tehran
9,374,000
5,919,000
5,000,000
3,174,000
6,759,000
1,887,000
Iraq Baghdad
4,336,000
Israel Tel Aviv-Jaffa Jerusalem
2,595,000 628,000
Hiroshima
\ Pakist an 148 Banglade sh 133 J apan 127 Philippin es 85 _ _ _- ' Vietnam 81 12,059,000 3,427 ,000 2,599,000 2,171,000 1,822,000 1,494,000 1,468,000 1,341,000 1,250,000 1,126,000
Thailan d 62 South Korea 48 All oth er coun tr ies 365 Sou rce: If.S. Cens us Bueau
Amman
1,147,000
Kazakhstan Almaty
1,129,000
laos Vientiane
2,741,000
SouthKorea (core city only) Seoul 9,854,000 Susan 3,655 ,000 Daegu 2,474,000
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek
Lebanon Beirut Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
Maldives Male
1,500,000 1,379,000 74,000
193,000
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 753,000
Philippines Manila
Myanmar (Burma)
331,000
North Korea
Kuwait Kuwait
t
...__ ,.,J Indonesia 232
_ _ _ ._._ _......
Jordan
P'yongyang
l: China 1,284 India 1,046
Mashhad
Japan Tokyo Yokohama Osaka Nagoya Sapporo Kobe Kyoto Pukuoka Kawasaki
Estimated 2002 Population (in millions)
760,000
Yango n
(Rangoon)
4,101,000
Nepal Kathmandu
421,000
Oman Muscat Pakistan Karachi Lahore Faisalabad Islamabad
Qatar Doha
477,000 9,339,000 5,143,000 2,009,000 529,000
9,933,000
Singapore Singapo re
4,131,000
264,000
SriLanka Colombo
642 ,000
Russia(Asian) Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg Omsk Chelyabinsk
1,400,000 1,314,000 1,177,000 1,111,000
Saudi Arabia Riyadh Jeddah
2,776,000 2,046,000
Syria Halab (Aleppo) 1,813,000 1,394,000 Damascus Taiwan Taipei Tajikistan Dushanbe
2,720,000 529,000
Thailand Bangkok
6,320,000
Turkey (Asian) Ankara lzrnir
3,203,000 2,232,000
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi
407,000
904,000
Uzbekistan Tashkent
2,142,000
Vietnam HoChi Minh City Hanoi
4,990,000 2,464,000
Yemen Sanaa
927,000
Intemationalcomparabilityofpop ulation data is limited by varying censusmethods. VVhere metro poUtan population is unavailable, core city population;s shown.
.. .
Electricity Use
Gross Domestic Pro duc t is a m ea sure o f rh e total goo ds and services generated by a country. Gen era lly, manu imuring, high-tech services, an d specialized agricu lrural producrs add mo re value t h an raw m ateri~san d basic food sru ffs. T he hi gh -rec h and oilproducing cou ntries o n t he frin ges o f Asia are the excep tio n s in rhi s gener ~Iy poor contine n t. R
Gross Domestic Product GDP per capita
u
Unit e d Stat e s 12,407
Over $20,000 $10,000 to $20,000 $5,000 to $9,999 $2,500 to $4,999 Less than $2,500 No data
A
Kuwait
United Arab Emirates 14,177 14,377
Japan 7,470
Source: World Factbook. CtA. 2001
Israe l 5,372
China Ind ia 851 442 Laos 31_ KWh (kilowatt hours) per person per year
MALDI VES
Source: World Factbook. CIA. 2001
A'
Agriculture is the p redo m in ant lan d use In Asia , rhou gh on ly o ne-sixth of th e land IS arable. Wer grain s, such as ne e, are t he pnncipal crops of China an d South east Asian countries. Dry gr ai ns, su ch as wh eat, are gro wn In lim ited ar eas o f Ru ssia and China. A lack of m ode rn farm in g m et h ods , exce p r In j apan, Ru ssia , an d Israel, I
~;\!,~rica lly lim ited food production. Ho wever, pro-
ducrion is increas in g in so m e co u n t ries as govern menrs supply rhe needed rechn ology. T he ru gged ~ landand climate in Northe rn , Centra l an d ([ ~ Southwesr Asia Iim irs lan d use ro n omad ic
herding. Here, ani m als sup ply food, sh el
flD,
ler, clothing, and rra n sp orra rio n. R Q u s
~
Q
.' ~ . p.
Y..
.- ~. .;.f' ~
LJ
' . '17
Q
R
•
~
r .
Land Use and Resources
,.
Pred ominant land use
D
.
Commercialagriculture Nomadic herding Subsistence agriculture Primarily forestland
s
D
A
Limited agricultural activity
A
Major resources
Q
Coal Natural gas Oil Forest products M Gold §J. Silver ili::, Iron ore ill Uranium @ Bauxite 9 Diamonds cs Other minerals ~ Fishing Major manufacturing and trade cente rs
to!
A
okyc
• •
Most Asian count ries ha ve an
Insignificant num ber of man u fac
lUringjobs relarive ro o th er occu pa nons.Japan, Sou th Ko rea, Taiwan,
MALD rvES China,and Singa pore are excep ti o ns. Natural resou rces ar e Asia's m ost Iffiportant export. The o il fiel ds of Southwesr ASia su p p ly much o f th e ~'o rld' s energy needs. Sou t he ast Asia su p p lies t h e World wit h ItS un , an d coal is plentiful in are as o f Russia , Ch ina and India. The lack of processin g tacilities limirs many Asian co u ntries in th e use of th eir resources.
•
•
Asia has many clima res. T his ca n be expec red on a land m ass rha r covers an area fro m below rhe Equ ator co rh e Arcric O cea n and from rhe Medirerr anean Sea co rhe Pacific Oce an . Wearher co nd irions flu cruate from rhe su b-freezin g remperarures and sno w of rh e run dr a climare in No rr he rn Russia, rh rough rhe m o re rem per are h umid con n nen rai climate, pasr rh e arid co ndi nons of Sou rh wesr a nd Cen tral ASia, a nd finally co rhe warm an d wet zo nes of So ur h an d Southeast Asia. See ph ocogr ap hs rak en In d ifferenr kin ds of clima tes o n pages 24-25 .
Climate Graphs Averag e d aily te mper ature range {in "Fl
Average mo nthly precip itation (in inches)
~~~h
';::]
( [:::
0'
O'
AlMATY. Kazakhstan
0 10os''] Jr
R
D·
=. =[:: -
Jan
• Oct
Jul
Ap'
O'
BEIRUT, Lebanon
I ~l l -:-
okyo
Jan
=[::
Ap,
• Oct
Jul
O'
COLOMBO, Sri Lanka
100'j _ _ ==[20' os . ~ 10' J2'
,'/
D·
Jan
Apr
J ul
Oct
O'
DHAKA, Bangladesh
•
Trop ical wet Tro pical wet and d ry Arid Semiarid
D
100'j
Climate
Med iterranean
D
Humid subt rop ical
D D
Subarctic
• •
f r4f;""
Hum id cont inental D
'
.
. E S
...
I
J' ft.
• • ..".-... •
203 152 to 203 102 to 152
S1 to 102
25 to 51
Under 25
Over
Apr
l:J2' j .
--
I
Jan
Apr
D·
High land
1 ~~: l J
O'
I
I
Jul
Oct
[20' 10'
O'
_ = [20'
J~:
Jan
Inches
The co unr nes of Sour h and So u theast Asia expe rienc e rhe mosr rainfall. T his ra in fall occurs primarily between rhe monr hs of April a nd O ct ob er. Warm , moisr winds from rh e so urh, called Mon soo ns, bnn g rhe rain to t his part of rh e co nr ine nr and also pil e snow deepl y upo n rhe pe aks of rh e Himalayas. T he Mo nsoons d o nor reach rh e inrerior of rhe co nri ne n r, which remains d ry rhro ug ho u r rh e year. T he dri esr co unr ries are III rh e so u thwest.
80
60 to 80
40 to 60
20 to 40
10 to 20
Und er 10 Over
R
Oct
Jul
JAKARTA. Indonesia
Annual Precipitation Centimeters
Jan
[20' 10'
HONG KONG. China
('
A,
" '-"..
II
I
J2'
OS" 0'
~;~ST ' o/TI MO R r
Tund ra
T"'"'l z::::::;:
u
I • • Apr
Jul
:~ .
Oct
NEW DELHI, India
1~~: 1 _ _ _
r=l= [20' I
10'
J2'
00
J ul
O·
Ja n
Apr
Oct
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia
1::1 _- --[: :: 32'
D·
Jan
Apr
Jul
Oct
O'
TEHRAN, Iran
TIANJIN, China ,"
10ss-0']
_
32' 00
Jan
Apr
,--" [20' I -
Jul
-
10'
Oct
O·
TOKYO, Japa n
1~~ 1 J2' ,,--, 00 ---:Ja n
__ -I [20'10' I I O·
Apr
J ul
Oct
YAKUTSK, Russia
~~3 2 :~ j ~;Jf~
1
T,m p
---, [:: :
_
00 _ 4 5,-=~~~__---,_ Jan
Api
Jul
Oct
O.
"
Ith ly ti on
..
T he contin en r's vegera rion is as vaned as irs clim are, ranging fro m rh e lush rropi cal vegera rion of rhe Sour h , Sourheas r, and Easr Asian co untries co rh e sparse vegera rion of Russia's vast areric t u n d ra, See phorographs of rhe di ffer ent kinds of vegerarion on pages 26 -27.
Veget at ion
hes)
[ ~: :
•
Unclassified highland s or ice cap Tundra and alpin e tund ra
O·
Coniferous forest Mid latltude decid uous for est
r20 "
Subtro pical broad leaf everg reen forest
~ 10 ·
Mixed forest Mid lant ude scrub Mldl at itu de grassland Desert Tropical seasonal and scrub
D D
Tropical rain for est Tropical savanna
'20 " 10·
'0"
'20 · 10"
·0 ·
' 20·
Environment al Issues
' 10 · O·
20· 10·
•
Current forest
~
Area at high est risk of desert ificati on
o D •
Cleared forest
Areas most affe cted by acid rain Poor air q uality '
0" 'Cue s exceed mg ar reast one
,.
0'
th e Wo rld He alth OrganJzanon s (WHO) a nnua l m ean g u rd e lmes for dlr
quality
20 " 10 ·
Sources Global Dlstrrbutlo n of 0 6gmal and Remaining Forests,
UNEP·WCMC, 2002
World Sorl Resources Map Ind ex, USDAJNRCS, 2002 World Developme nTIndicato rs, World Bank. 1999
0"
!O. 0"
)"
)"
./ 1"
n
.'HILIPPIN ES
M an jl~~~
i~
MA l D IVES ..
Asia's h igh popu lat ion dens iries have led co a mulrirude of env i ronm ental problem s, includi n g polluti on , d eforestation, over fish ing , and war er sho rt ages. Wirh rapid po pulation growrh , pr es su res o n land and war er resources will o nly conrinue co in creas e. In wesrern Asia, desertificari on and gro un d warer issu es are rh e mo sr pr essm g co ncerns. Mo st land in rhe region IS eirher cur renrly des ert o r IS vulnerable co beco m m g desert in rh e fu ru re, and wat er IS bein g wit hdrawn mo re quickly rhan ir can be rep laced.
300S
'
1,000 km
500
,
0
~';,
,
INDIAN OCEAN
• Kalgoorhe
'" ..,
120 E
t"" I
-:"\..
•
Hon iara
Perth
Sydney
ind icate re la tive sizes of cities:
Symbol and label sizes
National capital
State boundary
International boundary
'j
", -
J AUS T~LI A
1\
1,000 m i
-- ~-f--~---- . Carnarvon ~WES TE RN
500
'" . ,
®
§
oI o
Philippin '!...I , Sea
135°E
"
-
r~i ., . .
..:
•
~
I
I .
Wake/.
"I
\
't I
I
®
:
Nukua loja
(N.Z.)
;;'1
01
~I
wi
51
wi
: Kermadec Is. I
I I ,
I
165'E
/
/
/
/
/
~I - I I Chatham Is, I (N.Z.) I 'll I • I
ffi l
FI
~I
lS0 ' E
H Niue I. (N.Z.)
(U.S.)
Samoa
.. . oV
I~
(U.S.)
Jarvis I.
0
'
,..."
Fr en ch"' :Po· IJne~ ia Tahiti (Fr.) "
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15'S
" -; .TROPIC OF CAPRICORN -
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Date Line.
thou gh t hey are posit ioned on Opposite sides of the Internatio nal
Republic of Kiribati observethe same date as the Islands west of 180·, eve n
Allislands east of 180 with in the
l S0'W
15'N
150'W
• Largest City: Sydney, Australia, 3,997,000
• Largest Country: Australia, 2,967,909 sq. mi. (7,686,850 sq. km)
• Largest Lake: Lake Eyre, 3,500 sq. mi. (6,475 sq. km)
• Longest River: Murray-Darling, 2,510 mi. (4,039 km)
• Lowest Point: Lake Eyre, 52 ft. (1 6 m) below sea level
• Highest Point: Mt. Wilhelm, Pa pua New Guinea 15,400 ft. (4,694 m)
• Area: 3,300,000 square miles (8,547,000 square kilometers)
(N.Z.)
I
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Palmyra Is, (U.S.)
OCEAN
(U.S.)
Hawaiian
Cook Islands
165'W
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165°W
- - - , - - - 1- - - - - - I I I
180"
!
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American
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T_L_ I
T~!fG~
I,n.} I I
\ U u-l _
: Baker/. (U.S.)
Hoy-land I, (U.S.)
Tasman Sea
Fiji Sea
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F unaf~ ti ®
TINALU
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PACIFIC
Johnsto n I. (U.S.)
K IIRIB A' TI
® Tarawa (Bairiki)
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