Metamorphosis (Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition)

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Metamorphosis Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition

for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

FRANZ KAFKA TRANSLATED BY DAVID WYLLIE

TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

Metamorphosis Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Franz Kafka

Translated by David Wyllie

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

ii ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com Metamorphosis: Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-91367-4

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Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1 I........................................................................................................................................ 2 II .................................................................................................................................... 19 III ................................................................................................................................... 37 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................... 55

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PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running English-to-Korean thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka was edited for three audiences. The first includes Korean-speaking students enrolled in an English Language Program (ELP), an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) program, an English as a Second Language Program (ESL), or in a TOEFL® or TOEIC® preparation program. The second audience includes English-speaking students enrolled in bilingual education programs or Korean speakers enrolled in English speaking schools. The third audience consists of students who are actively building their vocabularies in Korean in order to take 1 foreign service, translation certification, Advanced Placement® (AP®) or similar examinations. By using the Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition when assigned for an English course, the reader can enrich their vocabulary in anticipation of an examination in Korean or English. Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of difficult and potentially ambiguous English words. Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority compared to “difficult, yet commonly used” words. Rather than supply a single translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in Korean, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of English, and avoid them using the notes as a pure translation crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not translated on a page, chances are that it has been translated on a previous page. A more complete glossary of translations is supplied at the end of the book; translations are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. 1

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Metamorphosis

I

One%morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked. "What's happened to me?" he thought. It wasn't a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table - Samsa was a travelling salesman - and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur boa who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer. Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the pane, which made him feel quite sad. "How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense", he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn't get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn't have to look at

Korean bedding: 침구, 토대, 성층, 깃, 기반, 화단용의, 깔짚, 깔깃. belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분, 부풀다. boa: 보아, 큰구렁이, 왕뱀, 확대 공동 변동환시세제. domed: 둥근 지붕의, 둥근 천장의, 반구형의, 둥근 지붕으로 덮은. gilded: 금도금한, 화려한. helplessly: 의지할 데 없이, 어쩔

도리없이, 어찌할 수 없이, 의지할 데 없는, 힘없이. muff: 공을 놓치다, 머프, 얼뜨기, 실수하다, 스포츠에 서툰 사람, 스포츠에 서툰 사람-실수하다, 받다가 놓치다, 토시 비슷한 것, 통, 공을 받다가 놓치다, 그르치기. pane: 창유리, 구역, 에 창유리를 끼우다, 창, 창유리의 한 장. salesman: 점원, 세일즈맨, 외판원, 판매원.

textile: 직물의, 직물, 직물 원료, 짠, 짤 수 있는, 방직되다. troubled: 난처한, 거칠은, 소란한, 교란된, 근심스러운. vermin: 사회의 해충, 해충, 건달, 깡패, 해로운 짐승, 두더지 따위, 영국에서는 엽조나 가금을 해치는 매, 여우, 올빼미, 해수. viewer: 보는 사람, 텔레비전 시청자, 관찰자, 구경꾼, 뷰어, 검사관, 감독관.

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the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.% "Oh, God", he thought, "what a strenuous career it is that I've chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them. It can all go to Hell!" He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn't know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold shudder. He slid back into his former position. "Getting up early all the time", he thought, "it makes you stupid. You've got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I'd get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn't have my parents to think about I'd have given in my notice a long time ago, I'd have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He'd fall right off his desk! And it's a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your subordinates from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there's still some hope; once I've got the money together to pay off my parents' debt to him - another five or six years I suppose - that's definitely what I'll do. That's when I'll make the big change. First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five." And he looked over at the alarm clock, ticking on the chest of drawers. "God in Heaven!" he thought. It was half past six and the hands were quietly moving forwards, it was even later than half past, more like quarter to seven. Had the

Korean curse: 저주하다, 월경, 저주, 재앙, 파문하다, 욕지거리하다, 천벌을 내리다, 저주의 말, 파문, 괴롭히다, 독설. drawers: 드로어즈, 팬츠, 속바지, 속옷. headboard: 침대따위의 머리판, 머리쪽 판자, 머리판. instance: 경우, 보기로 들다, 소송, 예, 권고, 권유, 실례, 시사, 제의, 보기실례, 부탁.

irregular: 불규칙한, 변칙적인, 반칙의, 고르지않은, 갖추지 못한, 고르지 못한, 비정규군, 규격에 맞지 않는 상품, 규율없는, 규율이 없는, 난잡한. itch: 가려움, 가렵다, 근질근질하다, 참을수 없는, 하고 싶어 좀이 쑤시다, 갈망, 못견디다, 열망, 옴, 욕망, 가려운. luxury: 사치, 사치품, 쾌락, 호화, 비싼 물건, 유쾌함. mild: 가벼운, 온화한, 순한, 유순한,

달콤한, 자극성이 없는, 음식물 따위가 자극성이 없는, 온후한, 따뜻한, 담배 따위가 자극성이 없는, 기후 따위가 따뜻한. shudder: 떨다, 떪, 몸서리치다, 떨림, 몸서리. strenuous: 정력적인, 분투적인, 분투하는. ticking: 똑딱거림, 이불잇감, 무명베, 아마포, 두색 이상의 줄무늬, 재깍소리, 똑딱소리, 재깍거림.

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Metamorphosis

alarm%clock not rung? He could see from the bed that it had been set for four o'clock as it should have been; it certainly must have rung. Yes, but was it possible to quietly sleep through that furniture-rattling noise? True, he had not slept peacefully, but probably all the more deeply because of that. What should he do now? The next train went at seven; if he were to catch that he would have to rush like mad and the collection of samples was still not packed, and he did not at all feel particularly fresh and lively. And even if he did catch the train he would not avoid his boss's anger as the office assistant would have been there to see the five o'clock train go, he would have put in his report about Gregor's not being there a long time ago. The office assistant was the boss's man, spineless, and with no understanding. What about if he reported sick? But that would be extremely strained and suspicious as in fifteen years of service Gregor had never once yet been ill. His boss would certainly come round with the doctor from the medical insurance company, accuse his parents of having a lazy son, and accept the doctor's recommendation not to make any claim as the doctor believed that no-one was ever ill but that many were workshy. And what's more, would he have been entirely wrong in this case? Gregor did in fact, apart from excessive sleepiness after sleeping for so long, feel completely well and even felt much hungrier than usual. He was still hurriedly thinking all this through, unable to decide to get out of the bed, when the clock struck quarter to seven. There was a cautious knock at the door near his head. "Gregor", somebody called - it was his mother - "it's quarter to seven. Didn't you want to go somewhere?" That gentle voice! Gregor was shocked when he heard his own voice answering, it could hardly be recognised as the voice he had had before. As if from deep inside him, there was a painful and uncontrollable squeaking mixed in with it, the words could be made out at first but then there was a sort of echo which made them unclear, leaving the hearer unsure whether he had heard properly or not. Gregor had wanted to give a full answer and explain everything, but in the circumstances contented himself with saying: "Yes, mother, yes, thank-you, I'm getting up now." The change in Gregor's voice probably could not be noticed outside through the wooden door, as his mother was satisfied with this explanation and

Korean accuse: 고발하다, 고소하다, 비난하다, 책하다. answering: 상응하는, 응답의. cautious: 신중한, 에 주의하여, 조심성 있는, 조심스러운, 주의하여, 세심한. contented: 만족하고 있는, 흡족해 하는, 달갑게 하는, 만족한. hearer: 듣는 사람, 방청자, 청취자. hurriedly: 매우 급히, 서둘러서. lazy: 느린, 게으른, 태만한, 귀찮은 듯한.

recommendation: 추천, 장점, 권고, 천거, 권장, 충고, 좋은점, 추천장. rung: 가로장, 가로대, 살, 단, 단계, 사닥다리의 가로장, 바퀴의 살. satisfied: 만족한, 흡족한. shocked: 어안이 벙벙한, 얼떨떨한, 충격을 받은. sleepiness: 졸린, 졸음이 오는 듯한. sleeping: 수면. spineless: 무골 충의, 척주가 없는, 가시가 없는, 기골이 없는, 척추가

없는. strained: 억지의, 팽팽한, 긴박한, 긴장한, 긴장된, 억지로 지어낸, 부자연스러운. unclear: 불분명한, 명백하지 않은, 막연한, 이해하기 힘든. uncontrollable: 억제할 수 없는, 제어할 수 없는, 통제할 수 없는. unsure: 불안정한, 불확실한, 자신이 없는, 확신이 없는, 믿을 수 없는, 신용할 수 없는.

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shuffled away. But this short conversation made the other members of the family aware that Gregor, against their expectations was still at home, and soon his father came knocking at one of the side doors, gently, but with his fist. "Gregor, Gregor", he called, "what's wrong?" And after a short while he called again with a warning deepness in his voice: "Gregor! Gregor!" At the other side door his sister came plaintively: "Gregor? Aren't you well? Do you need anything?" Gregor answered to both sides: "I'm ready, now", making an effort to remove all the strangeness from his voice by enunciating very carefully and putting long pauses between each, individual word. His father went back to his breakfast, but his sister whispered: "Gregor, open the door, I beg of you." Gregor, however, had no thought of opening the door, and instead congratulated himself for his cautious habit, acquired from his travelling, of locking all doors at night even when he was at home.% The first thing he wanted to do was to get up in peace without being disturbed, to get dressed, and most of all to have his breakfast. Only then would he consider what to do next, as he was well aware that he would not bring his thoughts to any sensible conclusions by lying in bed. He remembered that he had often felt a slight pain in bed, perhaps caused by lying awkwardly, but that had always turned out to be pure imagination and he wondered how his imaginings would slowly resolve themselves today. He did not have the slightest doubt that the change in his voice was nothing more than the first sign of a serious cold, which was an occupational hazard for travelling salesmen. It was a simple matter to throw off the covers; he only had to blow himself up a little and they fell off by themselves. But it became difficult after that, especially as he was so exceptionally broad. He would have used his arms and his hands to push himself up; but instead of them he only had all those little legs continuously moving in different directions, and which he was moreover unable to control. If he wanted to bend one of them, then that was the first one that would stretch itself out; and if he finally managed to do what he wanted with that leg, all the others seemed to be set free and would move about painfully.

Korean aren't: 단축형. awkwardly: 어색하게, 꼴사납게, 서투르게, 이상하게. beg: 빌다, 구걸하다, 빌어먹다, 앞발을들고서다, 발을들고서다, 시주해 줄 것을 청하다, 애걸하다, 앞발을 들고 서서 재롱부리다, 부탁하다, 간청하다, 용서를 청하다. bend: 구부리다, 굴복시키다, 굽히다, 굴곡, 주시하다-굽다, 결삭, 경향, 힘을 쏟다-굽이, 당기다, 기울이다,

굴복하다. continuously: 연속적으로, 계속해서, 잇달아, 간단 없이, 끊임없이. deepness: 현묘, 깊이, 심오, 오묘, 모음, 깊음, 심도. disturbed: 교란된, 정신장애자, 사란한, 산란한, 정서장애가 있는, 정서장애자, 정신장애가 있는. exceptionally: 예외적으로, 유난히, 특별히, 매우. fist: 필적, 주먹, 주먹으로 치다, 손,

손가락표, 손표, 손가락 표, 조종하다, 주먹으로 때리다, 파악. hazard: 우연, 위험, 운, 모험, 걸다, 주사위 놀이의 일종, 해보다, 위태롭게 하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고 하다, 주사위 도박의 일종. knocking: 노킹, 문두들김. painfully: 애써, 고생하여, 수고하여, 아파서, 아파하여. strangeness: 이상함, 소립자상태를 규정하는 입자고유의 양자수, 기묘.

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Metamorphosis

"This is something that can't be done in bed", Gregor said to himself, "so don't keep trying to do it".% The first thing he wanted to do was get the lower part of his body out of the bed, but he had never seen this lower part, and could not imagine what it looked like; it turned out to be too hard to move; it went so slowly; and finally, almost in a frenzy, when he carelessly shoved himself forwards with all the force he could gather, he chose the wrong direction, hit hard against the lower bedpost, and learned from the burning pain he felt that the lower part of his body might well, at present, be the most sensitive. So then he tried to get the top part of his body out of the bed first, carefully turning his head to the side. This he managed quite easily, and despite its breadth and its weight, the bulk of his body eventually followed slowly in the direction of the head. But when he had at last got his head out of the bed and into the fresh air it occurred to him that if he let himself fall it would be a miracle if his head were not injured, so he became afraid to carry on pushing himself forward the same way. And he could not knock himself out now at any price; better to stay in bed than lose consciousness. It took just as much effort to get back to where he had been earlier, but when he lay there sighing, and was once more watching his legs as they struggled against each other even harder than before, if that was possible, he could think of no way of bringing peace and order to this chaos. He told himself once more that it was not possible for him to stay in bed and that the most sensible thing to do would be to get free of it in whatever way he could at whatever sacrifice. At the same time, though, he did not forget to remind himself that calm consideration was much better than rushing to desperate conclusions. At times like this he would direct his eyes to the window and look out as clearly as he could, but unfortunately, even the other side of the narrow street was enveloped in morning fog and the view had little confidence or cheer to offer him. "Seven o'clock, already", he said to himself when the clock struck again, "seven o'clock, and there's still a fog like this." And he lay there quietly a while longer,

Korean bedpost: 대, 받침판, 침대 기둥. breadth: 폭, 넓은도량, 나비, 넓이, 넓음, 외연, 전체 효과, 퍼짐, 폭으로 재는 물건, 관용, 너비. can't: 못 하다. carelessly: 부주의하게, 태평하게, 무심코, 경솔하게, 속 편하게. chaos: 무질서, 혼돈, 대혼란, 혼란상태. cheer: 환호, 기분, 갈채, 갈채하다, 격려, 격려하다, 기운이 나다, 음식물,

기운을 북돋우다, 환성을 지르다, 내다, 찌푸리다, 짜내다, 수금, 음식. 추측하다. don't: 금지조항서, 하지마세요. miracle: 기적, 불가사의한 물건, fog: 안개, 안개로 덮다, 혼미, 당혹, 기적극, 불가사의한 것, 불가사의한 당황케 하다, 흐려지다, 두번째 풀, 사람. 안개가 끼다, 풀을 서서 마른 채로 rushing: 러닝 플레이로 나아간 거리, 내버려 두다, 선채로 마른 풀, 흐림의. 러싱. frenzy: 격앙, 광란, 열광, 격앙시키다, sacrifice: 희생타, 희생, 투매하다, 격분, 광포. 헌신, 싸구려로, 그로 인한 손실, gather: 채집하다, 모으다, 개더, 제물, 희생타로 진루시키다, 희생적 거두어들이기, 긴장시키다, 증가하다, 행위, 희생하다, 희생타를 치다.

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breathing lightly as if he perhaps expected the total stillness to bring things back to their real and natural state.% But then he said to himself: "Before it strikes quarter past seven I'll definitely have to have got properly out of bed. And by then somebody will have come round from work to ask what's happened to me as well, as they open up at work before seven o'clock." And so he set himself to the task of swinging the entire length of his body out of the bed all at the same time. If he succeeded in falling out of bed in this way and kept his head raised as he did so he could probably avoid injuring it. His back seemed to be quite hard, and probably nothing would happen to it falling onto the carpet. His main concern was for the loud noise he was bound to make, and which even through all the doors would probably raise concern if not alarm. But it was something that had to be risked. When Gregor was already sticking half way out of the bed - the new method was more of a game than an effort, all he had to do was rock back and forth - it occurred to him how simple everything would be if somebody came to help him. Two strong people - he had his father and the maid in mind - would have been more than enough; they would only have to push their arms under the dome of his back, peel him away from the bed, bend down with the load and then be patient and careful as he swang over onto the floor, where, hopefully, the little legs would find a use. Should he really call for help though, even apart from the fact that all the doors were locked? Despite all the difficulty he was in, he could not suppress a smile at this thought. After a while he had already moved so far across that it would have been hard for him to keep his balance if he rocked too hard. The time was now ten past seven and he would have to make a final decision very soon. Then there was a ring at the door of the flat. "That'll be someone from work", he said to himself, and froze very still, although his little legs only became all the more lively as they danced around. For a moment everything remained quiet. "They're not opening the door", Gregor said to himself, caught in some nonsensical hope. But then of course, the maid's firm steps went to the door as ever and opened it. Gregor only needed to hear the visitor's first words of

Korean breathing: 호흡, 동경, 발성, 열망, 휴식, 미풍, 부동, 숨쉬는, 숨쉬는 동안, 숨을 불어넣음, 호흡법. caught: 사람을 속이는. dome: 둥근꼭대기, 둥근천정, 반구형의것, 머리, 둥근 천장, 둥근 지붕 모양의 물건, 비면, 웅장한 건물. lively: 명랑한, 쾌할한, 선명한, 활기있는, 잘 튀는, 활발하게, 실감을주는, 실감을 주는, 힘차게, 기운찬, 곡 따위 명랑한.

maid: 소녀, 하녀, 아가씨, 처녀, 늘어붙는, 개탕 대패로 깎기. 잔소리꾼, 조커 빼기, 신부의 들러리, stillness: 침묵, 조용한 환경, 정적, 미혼녀, 계집아이, 여자. 고요, 평온, 소리 없는 곳, 고, 고요함. nonsensical: 무의미한, 터무니 없는, suppress: 진압하다, 막다, 억누르다, 되지 못한, 시시한, 부조리한. 참다, 삭제하다, 발표하지 않다, peel: 허물벗다, 껍질을 벗기다, 껍질, 억제하다, 억압하다, 진정하다. 과일의 껍질, 벗기다, 나무 껍질 swinging: 경쾌한, 흔들리는, 활발한, 따위를 벗기다, 옷을 벗기다, 껍질이 활개젓는, 진동하는, 음률적이고 벗겨 떨어지다, 나무껍질, 벗겨 생동하는, 유행의 첨단을 가는, 떨어지다, 야채 따위의 껍질. 성적으로 자유분방한, 기운찬, 앞뒤로 sticking: 끈적거림, 끈적끈적한, 흔들림, 앞뒤로 흔들리는.

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Metamorphosis

greeting%and he knew who it was - the chief clerk himself. Why did Gregor have to be the only one condemned to work for a company where they immediately became highly suspicious at the slightest shortcoming? Were all employees, every one of them, louts, was there not one of them who was faithful and devoted who would go so mad with pangs of conscience that he couldn't get out of bed if he didn't spend at least a couple of hours in the morning on company business? Was it really not enough to let one of the trainees make enquiries assuming enquiries were even necessary - did the chief clerk have to come himself, and did they have to show the whole, innocent family that this was so suspicious that only the chief clerk could be trusted to have the wisdom to investigate it? And more because these thoughts had made him upset than through any proper decision, he swang himself with all his force out of the bed. There was a loud thump, but it wasn't really a loud noise. His fall was softened a little by the carpet, and Gregor's back was also more elastic than he had thought, which made the sound muffled and not too noticeable. He had not held his head carefully enough, though, and hit it as he fell; annoyed and in pain, he turned it and rubbed it against the carpet. "Something's fallen down in there", said the chief clerk in the room on the left. Gregor tried to imagine whether something of the sort that had happened to him today could ever happen to the chief clerk too; you had to concede that it was possible. But as if in gruff reply to this question, the chief clerk's firm footsteps in his highly polished boots could now be heard in the adjoining room. From the room on his right, Gregor's sister whispered to him to let him know: "Gregor, the chief clerk is here." "Yes, I know", said Gregor to himself; but without daring to raise his voice loud enough for his sister to hear him. "Gregor", said his father now from the room to his left, "the chief clerk has come round and wants to know why you didn't leave on the early train. We don't know what to say to him. And anyway, he wants to speak to you personally. So please open up this door. I'm sure he'll be good enough to forgive the untidiness of your room."

Korean adjoining: 인접하는, 부근의, 인접한, 이웃의. annoyed: 괴로운. concede: 인정하다, 양보하다, 용인하다, 부여하다, 패배를 인정하다, 핸디캡으로서 주다, 승인하다. conscience: 양심, 도의심, 선악의 관념. daring: 겁이 없는, 대담무쌍한, 대담한, 모험적인 기상, 모험적인

용기. elastic: 경쾌한, 탄력있는, 밝은, 낭창한, 융통성있는-고무줄, 융통성있는, 고무줄, 고무 끈, 반발력이 있는, 고무줄이 든 천의 제품, 고리 모양의 고무줄. gruff: 거친, 난폭한, 쉰 목소리의, 거친 목소리의. muffled: 소리를 둔하게 한, 소리를 죽인. noticeable: 주목할 만한, 두드러진,

중요한, 현저한, 눈에 띄는 현저한, 눈에 띄는, 남의 눈을 끄는, 남의 이목을 끄는. polished: 닦은, 광택이 있는, 세련된, 우아한, 닦아 낸, 갈아 낸. shortcoming: 결점, 흉작. thump: 심하게 때리다, 두근 거리다, 탁 부딪치다, 탁하고 떨어지다, 강력히 변호하다, 강력히 선전하다, 강력히 지지하다, 두근거리다, 쿵쿵거리며 걷다, 때림, 탁하고 치다.

Franz Kafka

9

Then%the chief clerk called "Good morning, Mr. Samsa". "He isn't well", said his mother to the chief clerk, while his father continued to speak through the door. "He isn't well, please believe me. Why else would Gregor have missed a train! The lad only ever thinks about the business. It nearly makes me cross the way he never goes out in the evenings; he's been in town for a week now but stayed home every evening. He sits with us in the kitchen and just reads the paper or studies train timetables. His idea of relaxation is working with his fretsaw. He's made a little frame, for instance, it only took him two or three evenings, you'll be amazed how nice it is; it's hanging up in his room; you'll see it as soon as Gregor opens the door. Anyway, I'm glad you're here; we wouldn't have been able to get Gregor to open the door by ourselves; he's so stubborn; and I'm sure he isn't well, he said this morning that he is, but he isn't." "I'll be there in a moment", said Gregor slowly and thoughtfully, but without moving so that he would not miss any word of the conversation. "Well I can't think of any other way of explaining it, Mrs. Samsa", said the chief clerk, "I hope it's nothing serious. But on the other hand, I must say that if we people in commerce ever become slightly unwell then, fortunately or unfortunately as you like, we simply have to overcome it because of business considerations." "Can the chief clerk come in to see you now then?", asked his father impatiently, knocking at the door again. "No", said Gregor. In the room on his right there followed a painful silence; in the room on his left his sister began to cry. So why did his sister not go and join the others? She had probably only just got up and had not even begun to get dressed. And why was she crying? Was it because he had not got up, and had not let the chief clerk in, because he was in danger of losing his job and if that happened his boss would once more pursue their parents with the same demands as before? There was no need to worry about things like that yet. Gregor was still there and had not the slightest intention of abandoning his family. For the time being he just lay there on the carpet, and no-one who knew the condition he was in would seriously have expected him to let the chief clerk in. It was only a minor discourtesy, and a

Korean amazed: 놀란. clerk: 목사, 판매원, 사무원, 점원, 학자, 서기, 서기로 근무하다, 프런트계, 점원 노릇을 하다, 사무관, 교회서기. commerce: 상업, 통상, 교제, 교섭, 교역, 무역. crying: 외치는, 긴급한, 울부짖는, 심한, 좌시할 수없는, 지독한. discourtesy: 무례, 무례한 언행, 버릇없음.

evenings: 매일저녁. fortunately: 다행히도, 운좋게, 다행히. fretsaw: 실톱. hanging: 교수형, 임박한, 매달린, 커튼, 걸린 것, 교살, 내리막, 교수형에 처할, 급경사, 급경사의, 매달기. impatiently: 성급하게, 안절부절 못하는, 조바심하며, 참을수 없는, 못 견디는, 성마른.

relaxation: 기분 전환, 경감, 이완, 완화, 풀림.이완, 정력감퇴, 편히 쉼, 오락, 쇠약, 느즈러짐, 긴장을 풂. seriously: 진지하게, 심히, 중하게. stubborn: 완고한, 완강한, 다루기 어려운, 말 안 듣는, 단단한. thoughtfully: 생각에 잠겨, 친절히, 생각이 깊게. unwell: 월경중인, 기분이 나쁜, 건강이 좋지 않은, 불쾌한, 몸이 편치 않은.

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Metamorphosis

suitable%excuse could easily be found for it later on, it was not something for which Gregor could be sacked on the spot. And it seemed to Gregor much more sensible to leave him now in peace instead of disturbing him with talking at him and crying. But the others didn't know what was happening, they were worried, that would excuse their behaviour. The chief clerk now raised his voice, "Mr. Samsa", he called to him, "what is wrong? You barricade yourself in your room, give us no more than yes or no for an answer, you are causing serious and unnecessary concern to your parents and you fail - and I mention this just by the way - you fail to carry out your business duties in a way that is quite unheard of. I'm speaking here on behalf of your parents and of your employer, and really must request a clear and immediate explanation. I am astonished, quite astonished. I thought I knew you as a calm and sensible person, and now you suddenly seem to be showing off with peculiar whims. This morning, your employer did suggest a possible reason for your failure to appear, it's true - it had to do with the money that was recently entrusted to you - but I came near to giving him my word of honour that that could not be the right explanation. But now that I see your incomprehensible stubbornness I no longer feel any wish whatsoever to intercede on your behalf. And nor is your position all that secure. I had originally intended to say all this to you in private, but since you cause me to waste my time here for no good reason I don't see why your parents should not also learn of it. Your turnover has been very unsatisfactory of late; I grant you that it's not the time of year to do especially good business, we recognise that; but there simply is no time of year to do no business at all, Mr. Samsa, we cannot allow there to be." "But Sir", called Gregor, beside himself and forgetting all else in the excitement, "I'll open up immediately, just a moment. I'm slightly unwell, an attack of dizziness, I haven't been able to get up. I'm still in bed now. I'm quite fresh again now, though. I'm just getting out of bed. Just a moment. Be patient! It's not quite as easy as I'd thought. I'm quite alright now, though. It's shocking, what can suddenly happen to a person! I was quite alright last night, my parents know about it, perhaps better than me, I had a small symptom of it last night already. They must have noticed it. I don't know why I didn't let you know at

Korean astonished: 놀란. 무한한것, 이해할 수 없는, 이해할수 barricade: 방책, 통행 차단물, 막다, 없는. 방해하다, 장애물-방책을 만들다, intercede: 중재하다, 조정하다, 중간에 투쟁의 장, 장애물, 장애, 에 방책으로 들어 조정하다. 쌓다, 에 방책으로 막다, 장애물로 peculiar: 독특한, 묘한, 특유한, 특성, 가로막다. 괴상함, 특별한, 사유 재산, 고유한, behalf: 위하여, 이익. 특수 지역, 특수 교구, 다른 관구의 disturbing: 불안하게 하는, 감독 지배하의 특수 지역. 교란시키는, 불온한. shocking: 지독한, 지독하게, dizziness: 현기증. 충격적인, 망측한, 무서운, 오싹하게 incomprehensible: 무한한, 불가해한, 하는, 고약한, 소름끼치는, 형편 없는.

stubbornness: 완강, 완고. symptom: 징후, 증후, 조짐, 징조. unheard: 들리지 않는, 들은 바가 없는, 아직 알지 못한, 아직 듣지 못한. unnecessary: 불필요한, 무익한, 불필요한 것. unsatisfactory: 마음에차지않는, 불충분한, 불만족스런. whatsoever: 일은 무엇이든지, 도대체 무엇이, 것은 무엇이든지.

Franz Kafka

11

work! % But you always think you can get over an illness without staying at home. Please, don't make my parents suffer! There's no basis for any of the accusations you're making; nobody's ever said a word to me about any of these things. Maybe you haven't read the latest contracts I sent in. I'll set off with the eight o'clock train, as well, these few hours of rest have given me strength. You don't need to wait, sir; I'll be in the office soon after you, and please be so good as to tell that to the boss and recommend me to him!" And while Gregor gushed out these words, hardly knowing what he was saying, he made his way over to the chest of drawers - this was easily done, probably because of the practise he had already had in bed - where he now tried to get himself upright. He really did want to open the door, really did want to let them see him and to speak with the chief clerk; the others were being so insistent, and he was curious to learn what they would say when they caught sight of him. If they were shocked then it would no longer be Gregor's responsibility and he could rest. If, however, they took everything calmly he would still have no reason to be upset, and if he hurried he really could be at the station for eight o'clock. The first few times he tried to climb up on the smooth chest of drawers he just slid down again, but he finally gave himself one last swing and stood there upright; the lower part of his body was in serious pain but he no longer gave any attention to it. Now he let himself fall against the back of a nearby chair and held tightly to the edges of it with his little legs. By now he had also calmed down, and kept quiet so that he could listen to what the chief clerk was saying. "Did you understand a word of all that?" the chief clerk asked his parents, "surely he's not trying to make fools of us". "Oh, God!" called his mother, who was already in tears, "he could be seriously ill and we're making him suffer. Grete! Grete!" she then cried. "Mother?" his sister called from the other side. They communicated across Gregor's room. "You'll have to go for the doctor straight away. Gregor is ill. Quick, get the doctor. Did you hear the way Gregor spoke just now?" "That was the voice of an animal", said the chief clerk, with a calmness that was in contrast with his mother's screams. "Anna! Anna!" his father called into the kitchen through the entrance hall, clapping his hands, "get a locksmith here, now!" And the two girls, their skirts swishing, immediately ran

Korean calmly: 고요히, 냉정하게, 태연하게, 태연히, 냉정히, 온화하게, 조용하게. calmness: 평온, 냉정, 참착, 침착. climb: 오르다, 오르는 곳, 기어오르다, 타다, 급히 입다, 감기어 뻗어 오르다, 승진, 승진하다, 오름, 떠오르다, 상승. hurried: 매우 급한, 재촉하는. ill: 서투른, 병든, 나쁜, 나쁘게, 불행, 악, 불친절하게, 불친절한, 고난, 병고, 형편이 나쁜.

insistent: 강요하는, 주의를 끄는, 느낌을 갖게 하다, 위탁하다, 맡기다, 끈덕진, 눈에 띄는, 뚜렷한, 두드러진. 마음에 들게 하다. locksmith: 자물쇠 제조공, 자물쇠 swing: 그네, 진동, 진폭, 매달다, 제조업자. 방향을 바꾸다, 좌우하다, 흔들다, practise: 사건 의뢰인, 환자, 의식, 동요, 스윙 음악, 가락, 교묘히 실행, 버릇, 습관, 습관적으로 행하다, 처리하다. 연습, 예배식, 의사를 개업하다, tightly: 단단히, 팽팽하게, 꾀, 꽉 변호사 등을 개업하다. 죄어져, 꼭. recommend: 추천하다, 권하다, upright: 올바른, 똑바로, 골포스트, 의뢰하다, 훌륭한, 호감을 받게하다, 곧게선, 곧은, 곧추 서서, 수직, 충고하다, 추전할 수 있는, 좋은 정직한, 직립, 곧은 물건, 똑바로 선.

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Metamorphosis

out through the hall, wrenching open the front door of the flat as they went. How had his sister managed to get dressed so quickly? There was no sound of the door banging shut again; they must have left it open; people often do in homes where something awful has happened.% Gregor, in contrast, had become much calmer. So they couldn't understand his words any more, although they seemed clear enough to him, clearer than before - perhaps his ears had become used to the sound. They had realised, though, that there was something wrong with him, and were ready to help. The first response to his situation had been confident and wise, and that made him feel better. He felt that he had been drawn back in among people, and from the doctor and the locksmith he expected great and surprising achievements although he did not really distinguish one from the other. Whatever was said next would be crucial, so, in order to make his voice as clear as possible, he coughed a little, but taking care to do this not too loudly as even this might well sound different from the way that a human coughs and he was no longer sure he could judge this for himself. Meanwhile, it had become very quiet in the next room. Perhaps his parents were sat at the table whispering with the chief clerk, or perhaps they were all pressed against the door and listening. Gregor slowly pushed his way over to the door with the chair. Once there he let go of it and threw himself onto the door, holding himself upright against it using the adhesive on the tips of his legs. He rested there a little while to recover from the effort involved and then set himself to the task of turning the key in the lock with his mouth. He seemed, unfortunately, to have no proper teeth - how was he, then, to grasp the key? - but the lack of teeth was, of course, made up for with a very strong jaw; using the jaw, he really was able to start the key turning, ignoring the fact that he must have been causing some kind of damage as a brown fluid came from his mouth, flowed over the key and dripped onto the floor. "Listen", said the chief clerk in the next room, "he's turning the key." Gregor was greatly encouraged by this; but they all should have been calling to him, his father and his mother too: "Well done, Gregor", they should have cried, "keep at

Korean adhesive: 점착성의, 잘 들러붙는, 변하는, 현금화될 수 있는. 반창고, 점착성이 있는 것, 접착성의 grasp: 잡다, 지배, 쥐다, 쥠, 잡으려 접착성의 물질, 끈끈한. 하다, 자루, 이해하다, 이해, banging: 탁치기. 달려들다, 손잡이, 이해력. distinguish: 구별하다, 분류하다, jaw: 턱, 수다, 입부분, 잔소리하다, 분간하다, 두르러지가하다, 수훈을 잔소리, 어귀, 군소리하다, 입 부분, 세우다, 이름을 떨치다, 구별이 되다, 설교하다, 남에게 설교하다, 골짜기 구별하는, 판별하다, 두드러지게 따위의 좁다란 입구. 하다, 식별하다. lock: 자물쇠, 챙겨넣다, 타래, fluid: 유동성의, 유동체, 변하기 쉬운, 끌어안다, 총기, 한 줌의털, 자물쇠를 유체, 아름답고 부드러운, 곧잘 채우다, 제륜장차, 가두다,

고착시키다, 자물쇠가 채워지다. loudly: 큰소리로, 화려하게, 고성으로. recover: 회복시키다, 회복하다, 벌충하다, 되찾다, 보상하다, 승소, 완쾌, -의 덮개를 갈아 붙이다, 회복, 되찾음, 승소하다. whispering: 속삭임, 속삭이는. wise: 방법, 알리다, 현명한, 정도, 영리해 보이는, 분별있는, 슬기로운, 슬기롭다, 양식, 학문이 있는, 알고 있는.

Franz Kafka

13

it, keep hold of the lock!" And with the idea that they were all excitedly following his efforts, he bit on the key with all his strength, paying no attention to the pain he was causing himself. As the key turned round he turned around the lock with it, only holding himself upright with his mouth, and hung onto the key or pushed it down again with the whole weight of his body as needed. The clear sound of the lock as it snapped back was Gregor's sign that he could break his concentration, and as he regained his breath he said to himself: "So, I didn't need the locksmith after all". Then he lay his head on the handle of the door to open it completely.% Because he had to open the door in this way, it was already wide open before he could be seen. He had first to slowly turn himself around one of the double doors, and he had to do it very carefully if he did not want to fall flat on his back before entering the room. He was still occupied with this difficult movement, unable to pay attention to anything else, when he heard the chief clerk exclaim a loud "Oh!", which sounded like the soughing of the wind. Now he also saw him - he was the nearest to the door - his hand pressed against his open mouth and slowly retreating as if driven by a steady and invisible force. Gregor's mother, her hair still dishevelled from bed despite the chief clerk's being there, looked at his father. Then she unfolded her arms, took two steps forward towards Gregor and sank down onto the floor into her skirts that spread themselves out around her as her head disappeared down onto her breast. His father looked hostile, and clenched his fists as if wanting to knock Gregor back into his room. Then he looked uncertainly round the living room, covered his eyes with his hands and wept so that his powerful chest shook. So Gregor did not go into the room, but leant against the inside of the other door which was still held bolted in place. In this way only half of his body could be seen, along with his head above it which he leant over to one side as he peered out at the others. Meanwhile the day had become much lighter; part of the endless, grey-black building on the other side of the street - which was a hospital - could be seen quite clearly with the austere and regular line of windows piercing its facade; the rain was still falling, now throwing down large,

Korean austere: 극도로간결한, 떫은, 신, 엄격한, 가혹한, 금욕적인, 남풍, 내핍의. breast: 가슴, 유방, 흉부, 무릅쓰다, 가슴에받다, 가슴통을 달다, 가슴을 대다, 가슴 모양의 부분, 대담하게 맞서다, 젖퉁이, 헤치고 나아가다. dishevelled: 헝클어진, 흩어진, 봉두난발의, 주제가 단정치 못한, 단정치 못한, 흐트러진. endless: 순환의, 끝없는, 무한한,

영원한, 끝이 없는. excitedly: 흥분하여. exclaim: 외치다, 큰 소리로 말하다, 비난하다. facade: 정면, 외관, 허울, 사물의 외관, 겉보기, 전면. hostile: 적의, 적대하는, 적의 있는. invisible: 눈에 보이지 않는, 신, 영계, 눈에 안보이는, 모습을 나타내지 않는, 숨은, 얼굴을 보이지 않는, 얼굴을 내놓지 않는.

lighter: 거룻배, 불켜는 사람, 점화기, 라이터, 불을 켜는 것, 불을 켜는 사람, 거룻배로 나르다. loud: 큰소리로, 화려한, 떠들썩한, 극성스러운, 소리가 큰, 주제넘는, 불쾌히, 좀 지나치게 화려한, 높은, 야비한, 야하게. piercing: 꿰찌르는, 날카로운, 뼈에 사무치는, 통찰력 있는, 꿰뚫는. wanting: 모자라는, 부족한, 지혜가 모자라는, 이 없이.

14

Metamorphosis

individual droplets which hit the ground one at a time. The washing up from breakfast lay on the table; there was so much of it because, for Gregor's father, breakfast was the most important meal of the day and he would stretch it out for several hours as he sat reading a number of different newspapers. On the wall exactly opposite there was photograph of Gregor when he was a lieutenant in the army, his sword in his hand and a carefree smile on his face as he called forth respect for his uniform and bearing. The door to the entrance hall was open and as the front door of the flat was also open he could see onto the landing and the stairs where they began their way down below.% "Now, then", said Gregor, well aware that he was the only one to have kept calm, "I'll get dressed straight away now, pack up my samples and set off. Will you please just let me leave? You can see", he said to the chief clerk, "that I'm not stubborn and like I like to do my job; being a commercial traveller is arduous but without travelling I couldn't earn my living. So where are you going, in to the office? Yes? Will you report everything accurately, then? It's quite possible for someone to be temporarily unable to work, but that's just the right time to remember what's been achieved in the past and consider that later on, once the difficulty has been removed, he will certainly work with all the more diligence and concentration. You're well aware that I'm seriously in debt to our employer as well as having to look after my parents and my sister, so that I'm trapped in a difficult situation, but I will work my way out of it again. Please don't make things any harder for me than they are already, and don't take sides against me at the office. I know that nobody likes the travellers. They think we earn an enormous wage as well as having a soft time of it. That's just prejudice but they have no particular reason to think better it. But you, sir, you have a better overview than the rest of the staff, in fact, if I can say this in confidence, a better overview than the boss himself - it's very easy for a businessman like him to make mistakes about his employees and judge them more harshly than he should. And you're also well aware that we travellers spend almost the whole year away from the office, so that we can very easily fall victim to gossip and chance and groundless complaints, and it's almost impossible to defend yourself from that sort of thing, we don't usually even hear about them, or if at all it's

Korean accurately: 정확히, 정밀하게, 정밀히, 정확하게. arduous: 험악한, 부지런한, 힘드는, 어려운, 험한, 분투적인. businessman: 실업가, 사무원, 회사원. carefree: 근심이 없는, 즐거운, 태평한, 행복한, 태평스러운, 명랑한, 근심 걱정 없는, 무책임한, 걱정이 없는. diligence: 부지런함, 근면, 승합마차, 근민, 합승 마차. gossip: 잡담, 험담, 소문, 수다,

수다쟁이, 남의 이야기를 퍼뜨리고 돌아다니다, 잡담을 하다. groundless: 근거 없는, 근거없는, 기초없는. harshly: 거칠게, 엄하게, 귀에 거슬릴만큼, 거치게. lieutenant: 상관 대리, 부관, 중위, 대위, 경찰의 대장 보좌, 대장 보좌, 소방서의 대장 보좌. overview: 개관. prejudice: 편견, 해치다, 손해,

비뚤어진 생각, 불리-편견을 갖게 하다, 손상시키다해치다, 침해, 이익 따위를 해치다, 에 편견을 가지게 하다, 권리 따위를 해치다. sword: 검, 무력, 전쟁, 칼, 총검. temporarily: 일시적으로, 임시로. traveller: 여행자, 주문 받는 사람, 외판원, 여행에 익숙한 사람, 순회 판매인, 이동 기중기, 하게 진행하는 차 등, 하게 진행하는 것 등, 하게 진행하는 말 등, 외무원.

Franz Kafka

15

when we arrive back home exhausted from a trip, and that's when we feel the harmful effects of what's been going on without even knowing what caused them. Please, don't go away, at least first say something to show that you grant that I'm at least partly right!" But the chief clerk had turned away as soon as Gregor had started to speak, and, with protruding lips, only stared back at him over his trembling shoulders as he left. He did not keep still for a moment while Gregor was speaking, but moved steadily towards the door without taking his eyes off him. He moved very gradually, as if there had been some secret prohibition on leaving the room. It was only when he had reached the entrance hall that he made a sudden movement, drew his foot from the living room, and rushed forward in a panic. In the hall, he stretched his right hand far out towards the stairway as if out there, there were some supernatural force waiting to save him.% Gregor realised that it was out of the question to let the chief clerk go away in this mood if his position in the firm was not to be put into extreme danger. That was something his parents did not understand very well; over the years, they had become convinced that this job would provide for Gregor for his entire life, and besides, they had so much to worry about at present that they had lost sight of any thought for the future. Gregor, though, did think about the future. The chief clerk had to be held back, calmed down, convinced and finally won over; the future of Gregor and his family depended on it! If only his sister were here! She was clever; she was already in tears while Gregor was still lying peacefully on his back. And the chief clerk was a lover of women, surely she could persuade him; she would close the front door in the entrance hall and talk him out of his shocked state. But his sister was not there, Gregor would have to do the job himself. And without considering that he still was not familiar with how well he could move about in his present state, or that his speech still might not - or probably would not - be understood, he let go of the door; pushed himself through the opening; tried to reach the chief clerk on the landing who, ridiculously, was holding on to the banister with both hands; but Gregor fell

Korean banister: 난간, 난간동자. clever: 영리한, 교묘한, 사람이 좋은, 약삭빠른, 익숙한, 솜씨좋은, 손재주있는, 슬기로운, 현명한, 머리가 좋은, 똑똑한. convinced: 확신을 가진, 신념이 있는. exhausted: 다 써버린, 다 퍼버린, 소모된, 물이 마른, 고갈된, 지칠대로 지친. gradually: 차차, 차례로, 차츰, 단계적으로, 점차로.

harmful: 해로운. landing: 상륙, 착륙, 상륙장, 층계 참, 층계참. lover: 애호자, 연인, 애인, 찬미자, 문예 따위의 애호자. panic: 공황적인, 공황, 열광케 하다, 당황, 낭패, 낭패의, 공포, 당황하다, 목신 팬의, 갈팡질팡하다, 당찮은. persuade: 납득시키다, 주장하다, 설복하다, 설득하다. prohibition: 금지, 금령, 주류 제조

판매 금지령, 그 주의자, 금지령. protruding: 밀려나는, 밀어내는, 밀려나게. ridiculously: 어리석게, 우습게. stairway: 계단, 충계. steadily: 꾸준히, 착실히, 견실하게. stretched: 잡아당기는. supernatural: 초자연의, 불가사의한, 초자연적인 힘, 신의 조화. trembling: 전율하는, 떨림, 떨리는, 전율, 떨기, 전율 떠는.

16

Metamorphosis

immediately over and, with a little scream as he sought something to hold onto, landed on his numerous little legs. Hardly had that happened than, for the first time that day, he began to feel alright with his body; the little legs had the solid ground under them; to his pleasure, they did exactly as he told them; they were even making the effort to carry him where he wanted to go; and he was soon believing that all his sorrows would soon be finally at an end. He held back the urge to move but swayed from side to side as he crouched there on the floor. His mother was not far away in front of him and seemed, at first, quite engrossed in herself, but then she suddenly jumped up with her arms outstretched and her fingers spread shouting: "Help, for pity's sake, Help!" The way she held her head suggested she wanted to see Gregor better, but the unthinking way she was hurrying backwards showed that she did not; she had forgotten that the table was behind her with all the breakfast things on it; when she reached the table she sat quickly down on it without knowing what she was doing; without even seeming to notice that the coffee pot had been knocked over and a gush of coffee was pouring down onto the carpet.% "Mother, mother", said Gregor gently, looking up at her. He had completely forgotten the chief clerk for the moment, but could not help himself snapping in the air with his jaws at the sight of the flow of coffee. That set his mother screaming anew, she fled from the table and into the arms of his father as he rushed towards her. Gregor, though, had no time to spare for his parents now; the chief clerk had already reached the stairs; with his chin on the banister, he looked back for the last time. Gregor made a run for him; he wanted to be sure of reaching him; the chief clerk must have expected something, as he leapt down several steps at once and disappeared; his shouts resounding all around the staircase. The flight of the chief clerk seemed, unfortunately, to put Gregor's father into a panic as well. Until then he had been relatively self controlled, but now, instead of running after the chief clerk himself, or at least not impeding Gregor as he ran after him, Gregor's father seized the chief clerk's stick in his right hand (the chief clerk had left it behind on a chair, along with his hat and overcoat), picked up a large newspaper from the table with his left, and used them to drive Gregor back into his room, stamping his foot at him as he went.

Korean anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번. 깔깔대다, 매우 익살스런 사람, 큰 gush: 복받침, 과시, 용솟음, 분칠하다, 소리를 지르다, 번지르르하여 분출, 분출 하다, 용솟음쳐 나오게 어울리지 않다, 깔깔거리며 웃다, 하다, 지껄여대다, 흘러나오다. 센세이셔널 글을 써대다, 소리질러 jaws: 입 부분, 좁다란 입구. 말하다, 우스꽝스러운 것, outstretched: 펼친, 뻗친. 우스꽝스러운 사람. pouring: 붓는 것, 붓는 것의. screaming: 깜짝 놀라게 하는, resounding: 반향하는, 널리 알려진, 번지르르한, 이목을 끌게 하는, 메아리치는, 울려퍼지는, 울리는, 우스워 못 견디는, 날카롭게 외치는, 틀림없는. 선정적인, 깔깔 웃는, 킥킥거리는, scream: 소리치다, 날카로운 소리, 외치는, 삑삑 우는, 쇳소리를 지르는.

seeming: 겉으로의, 외관상의 겉보기, 외관, 겉모양, 외관상의, 표면만의. snapping: 딱 소리 내는, 달려들어 무는. staircase: 계단, 사닥다리 계단. unthinking: 부주의한, 생각없는, 사고력이 없는. urge: 몰아대다, 충동, 주장하다, 자극, 좨치다, 강요하다, 격려하다, 권고하다, 재촉하다, 자극하다, 충동을 받다.

Franz Kafka

17

Gregor's appeals to his father were of no help, his appeals were simply not understood, however much he humbly turned his head his father merely stamped his foot all the harder.% Across the room, despite the chilly weather, Gregor's mother had pulled open a window, leant far out of it and pressed her hands to her face. A strong draught of air flew in from the street towards the stairway, the curtains flew up, the newspapers on the table fluttered and some of them were blown onto the floor. Nothing would stop Gregor's father as he drove him back, making hissing noises at him like a wild man. Gregor had never had any practice in moving backwards and was only able to go very slowly. If Gregor had only been allowed to turn round he would have been back in his room straight away, but he was afraid that if he took the time to do that his father would become impatient, and there was the threat of a lethal blow to his back or head from the stick in his father's hand any moment. Eventually, though, Gregor realised that he had no choice as he saw, to his disgust, that he was quite incapable of going backwards in a straight line; so he began, as quickly as possible and with frequent anxious glances at his father, to turn himself round. It went very slowly, but perhaps his father was able to see his good intentions as he did nothing to hinder him, in fact now and then he used the tip of his stick to give directions from a distance as to which way to turn. If only his father would stop that unbearable hissing! It was making Gregor quite confused. When he had nearly finished turning round, still listening to that hissing, he made a mistake and turned himself back a little the way he had just come. He was pleased when he finally had his head in front of the doorway, but then saw that it was too narrow, and his body was too broad to get through it without further difficulty. In his present mood, it obviously did not occur to his father to open the other of the double doors so that Gregor would have enough space to get through. He was merely fixed on the idea that Gregor should be got back into his room as quickly as possible. Nor would he ever have allowed Gregor the time to get himself upright as preparation for getting through the doorway. What he did, making more noise than ever, was to drive Gregor

Korean blown: 핀, 숨을 헐떡이는, 파리가 알을 슨, 부푼, 불어서 만든. chilly: 냉담한, 냉랭하게, 냉랭한, 오싹한, 차가운, 하기가 나는, 찬, 으스스한, 추위를 타는. confused: 혼란스러운, 당황한, 혼란한, 어리둥절한, 지리멸렬한, 낭패한. curtains: 한 권의 끝. disgust: 역겹게하다, 혐오, 역겨움, 정떨어지게 하다, 정떨어지게하다-

역겨움, 싫음, 메스꺼워찌게 하다. 없는, 갈망하는몹시기다려지는, 못 doorway: 문간, 입구. 견디는, 성급한, 안절부절 못하는, draught: 선발하다, 기안하다, 조바심하는, 참을성없는, 탐나서 기초하다, 끌다, 제도공으로서 기술을 못견디는. 연마하다. incapable: 무능한, 무력한, 허용하지 hinder: 방해하다, 뒤의, 뒤쪽의, 않는, 할수 없는, 자격이 없는, 자격 방해가 되다, 방해가되다, 후방의. 없는, 을 못하는, 에 견딜 수 없는, hissing: 쉿소리 나기, 시이시이하기의 불가능한, 무자격자, 무능자. 스음, 치찰음의, 쉭쉭하기의 스음. lethal: 치명적인, 치사적인, 치사의. humbly: 낮추고, 겸손히. unbearable: 참기 어려운, 견딜 수 impatient: 성마른, 안달하는, 참을수 없는.

18

Metamorphosis

forwards all the harder as if there had been nothing in the way; it sounded to Gregor as if there was now more than one father behind him; it was not a pleasant experience, and Gregor pushed himself into the doorway without regard for what might happen. One side of his body lifted itself, he lay at an angle in the doorway, one flank scraped on the white door and was painfully injured, leaving vile brown flecks on it, soon he was stuck fast and would not have been able to move at all by himself, the little legs along one side hung quivering in the air while those on the other side were pressed painfully against the ground. Then his father gave him a hefty shove from behind which released him from where he was held and sent him flying, and heavily bleeding, deep into his room. The door was slammed shut with the stick, then, finally, all was quiet.%

Korean bleeding: 출혈, 방혈, 엄청난, 출혈하는, 피나는 느낌의. flank: 측면, 측면을지키다, 옆구리, 구리, 부대의측면, 부대의 측면, 측면의, 의 측면에 서다, 측면에 위치하다, 측면을 공격하다. flying: 나는 듯이 빠른, 나는, 질주, 비행, 공중에 뜨는, 급히 서두르는, 솜나부랑이, 공중에 떠도는, 흩날리는 것, 펄럭이는, 뛰어 달아나는. hefty: 무거운, 억센 사람, 강건한,

강한, 많은, 무거운 사람, 상당한, regard: 관계하다, 점, 관계, 주의, 억센. 존경, 주시, 배려, 유의하다, 관심, injured: 부상한, 감정이 상한, 손상된, 호의, 주목하다. 다친, 감정을 상한, 상처입은, shove: 밀치다, 출발하다, 떠나다, 부상자들, 다쳐서. 밀어내다, 찌르다, 저어 나아가다, pleasant: 쾌활한, 유쾌한, 즐거운, 떼밀기, 밀다, 지지, 밀어 만들다, 한 익살, 맑은, 농담, 우스운, 날씨가 번 떼밀기. 쾌적한, 쾌적한. vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한, pressed: 바쁜, 모자라서, 눌린, 다린. 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은, quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는, 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시 떨리는. 나쁜, 비참한.

Franz Kafka

19

II It %was not until it was getting dark that evening that Gregor awoke from his deep and coma-like sleep. He would have woken soon afterwards anyway even if he hadn't been disturbed, as he had had enough sleep and felt fully rested. But he had the impression that some hurried steps and the sound of the door leading into the front room being carefully shut had woken him. The light from the electric street lamps shone palely here and there onto the ceiling and tops of the furniture, but down below, where Gregor was, it was dark. He pushed himself over to the door, feeling his way clumsily with his antennae - of which he was now beginning to learn the value - in order to see what had been happening there. The whole of his left side seemed like one, painfully stretched scar, and he limped badly on his two rows of legs. One of the legs had been badly injured in the events of that morning - it was nearly a miracle that only one of them had been - and dragged along lifelessly. It was only when he had reached the door that he realised what it actually was that had drawn him over to it; it was the smell of something to eat. By the door there was a dish filled with sweetened milk with little pieces of white bread floating in it. He was so pleased he almost laughed, as he was even hungrier than he had been that morning, and immediately dipped his head into the milk, nearly covering his eyes with it. But he soon drew his head back again in disappointment; not only did the pain in his tender left side make it difficult to eat the food - he was only able to eat if his

Korean awoke: 깨우다의 과거분사. dish: 접시에 담다, 요리, 푼주, 접시, ceiling: 천장, 한계, 최고한도, 움푹해지다, 식품, 성적 매력이 있는 천장판자, 운저고도, 운고, 상승한도, 여자, 위성 방송, 미인, 그릇, 사발 상승한계, 내장판자, 상승 한계, 최고 모양으로 움푹 들어가게 하다. 한도. filled: 차는, 충족시키는, 흡족하게 clumsily: 재치없이, 맵시없이, 하는, 흙으로 돋우는, 팽팽하게 하는, 솜씨없이. 차지하는, 채우는, 가득 따르는, covering: 덮는, 지붕, 덮개, 덮음, 조제하는, 섞어 넣는, 바람을 가득 피복, 커버, 외피, 엄호의, 엄호-덮는, 받는. 엄호, 덮어씌움. floating: 유동하는, 떠있는, 부동하는, disappointment: 실망. 부동적인, 변동하는, 부동, 부유,

유리성의, 해상에 있는, 떠 있는. palely: 엷게, 창백하게, 활기없이. pleased: 기뻐하는, 만족한. scar: 암초, 낭떠러지, 벼랑, 상처, 흉터, 흉터가 남다, 에 상처를 남기다, 산 중턱의 깎아지른 듯한 바위, 전쟁 등의 상처. tender: 허약한, 간호인, 부드러운, 제출하다, 입찰하다, 부속선, 감시인, 입찰, 제공, 친절한, 탄수차. tops: 최상의.

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whole body worked together as a snuffling whole - but the milk did not taste at all nice. Milk like this was normally his favourite drink, and his sister had certainly left it there for him because of that, but he turned, almost against his own will, away from the dish and crawled back into the centre of the room.% Through the crack in the door, Gregor could see that the gas had been lit in the living room. His father at this time would normally be sat with his evening paper, reading it out in a loud voice to Gregor's mother, and sometimes to his sister, but there was now not a sound to be heard. Gregor's sister would often write and tell him about this reading, but maybe his father had lost the habit in recent times. It was so quiet all around too, even though there must have been somebody in the flat. "What a quiet life it is the family lead", said Gregor to himself, and, gazing into the darkness, felt a great pride that he was able to provide a life like that in such a nice home for his sister and parents. But what now, if all this peace and wealth and comfort should come to a horrible and frightening end? That was something that Gregor did not want to think about too much, so he started to move about, crawling up and down the room. Once during that long evening, the door on one side of the room was opened very slightly and hurriedly closed again; later on the door on the other side did the same; it seemed that someone needed to enter the room but thought better of it. Gregor went and waited immediately by the door, resolved either to bring the timorous visitor into the room in some way or at least to find out who it was; but the door was opened no more that night and Gregor waited in vain. The previous morning while the doors were locked everyone had wanted to get in there to him, but now, now that he had opened up one of the doors and the other had clearly been unlocked some time during the day, no-one came, and the keys were in the other sides. It was not until late at night that the gaslight in the living room was put out, and now it was easy to see that parents and sister had stayed awake all that time, as they all could be distinctly heard as they went away together on tip-toe. It was clear that no-one would come into Gregor's room any more until morning; that gave him plenty of time to think undisturbed about how he would have to

Korean awake: 깨우다, 일으키다, 깨다, 깨닫다, 방심 않는, 잘 알아채서, 깨어서, 자각시키다-눈뜨다, 자각시키다, 눈뜨다, 분기하다깨어서. crack: 결점, 굴복하다, 변성, 갑작스런 날카로운 소리, 재치있는말, 시도, 지껄이다, 자랑, 날카로운 폭음을 내다, 떨어뜨리다, 갈라진 금. crawling: 크롤링, 벼룩이 꾄, 이가 꾄. distinctly: 뚜렷하게, 명백하게.

frightening: 놀라운, 무서운. gaslight: 가스등, 가스등의 점화구, 가스등 시대의, 가스등의 불빛, 가스불. habit: 습관, 버릇, 습성, 에 살다, 복장, 기질, 체질, 여성승마복, 입히다, 여성 승마복, 의복. horrible: 무서운, 심한, 지겨운, 무시무시한, 오싹할 만큼 싫은. lit: 문학의, 빛나는, 문학. resolved: 단호한, 결심한, 깊이

생각한, 숙고한, 결의한. slightly: 조금, 약간, 약하게. timorous: 겁많은. undisturbed: 평온한, 방해되지 않는, 방해받지 않은. vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한, 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게, 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는. visitor: 체재객, 방문자, 장학사, 문병객, 관광객, 순시자, 철새, 방문객, 시찰원, 원정군.

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re-arrange his life. For some reason, the tall, empty room where he was forced to remain made him feel uneasy as he lay there flat on the floor, even though he had been living in it for five years. Hardly aware of what he was doing other than a slight feeling of shame, he hurried under the couch. It pressed down on his back a little, and he was no longer able to lift his head, but he nonetheless felt immediately at ease and his only regret was that his body was too broad to get it all underneath. He spent the whole night there. Some of the time he passed in a light sleep, although he frequently woke from it in alarm because of his hunger, and some of the time was spent in worries and vague hopes which, however, always led to the same conclusion: for the time being he must remain calm, he must show patience and the greatest consideration so that his family could bear the unpleasantness that he, in his present condition, was forced to impose on them.% Gregor soon had the opportunity to test the strength of his decisions, as early the next morning, almost before the night had ended, his sister, nearly fully dressed, opened the door from the front room and looked anxiously in. She did not see him straight away, but when she did notice him under the couch - he had to be somewhere, for God's sake, he couldn't have flown away - she was so shocked that she lost control of herself and slammed the door shut again from outside. But she seemed to regret her behaviour, as she opened the door again straight away and came in on tip-toe as if entering the room of someone seriously ill or even of a stranger. Gregor had pushed his head forward, right to the edge of the couch, and watched her. Would she notice that he had left the milk as it was, realise that it was not from any lack of hunger and bring him in some other food that was more suitable? If she didn't do it herself he would rather go hungry than draw her attention to it, although he did feel a terrible urge to rush forward from under the couch, throw himself at his sister's feet and beg her for something good to eat. However, his sister noticed the full dish immediately and looked at it and the few drops of milk splashed around it with some surprise. She immediately picked it up - using a rag, not her bare hands and carried it out. Gregor was extremely curious as to what she would bring in its place, imagining the wildest possibilities, but he never could have guessed

Korean anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여, 걱정하여. couch: 침상, 눕다, 초자체 전위를 시술하다, 띄우다, 쌓이다, 말로 표현하다, 못자리, 잠복하다, 누이다, 침석, 휴식처. drops: 점적약. flown: 혼합 색으로 장식한. hunger: 굶주림, 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 공복, 갈망, 기근, 배가 고프다, 열망하다, 굶주리게 하다, 열망.

nonetheless: 그럼에도 불구하고, 역시, 그래도, 그래도 여전히. patience: 인내, 끈기, 혼자 노는 카드 놀이, 혼자 하는 카드 놀이, 혼자서 놀기, 트럼프 따위 혼자서 놀기. rag: 넝마, 조각, 꾸짖다, 단편, 놀리다, 장난치다, 신문, 법석, 누더기, 막, 지폐. regret: 유감, 후회, 애석, 정중한 거절, 아쉬움, 후회하다, 슬픔, 비탄, 뉘우치다.

sake: 목적, 위함, 이유, 제발, 을 위함. uneasy: 불안한, 걱정되는, 거북한, 어색한. unpleasantness: 오해, 불화, 살풍경, 불유쾌, 불쾌감, 불쾌한 일, 불쾌함, 비위에 거슬림, 사건다툼, 파흥, 몰취미. vague: 분명치 않은, 모호한, 막연한, 몽롱하다, 멍한, 아주 조금의, 아주 희미한. woke: 과거분사.

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Metamorphosis

what his sister, in her goodness, actually did bring. In order to test his taste, she brought him a whole selection of things, all spread out on an old newspaper. There were old, half- rotten vegetables; bones from the evening meal, covered in white sauce that had gone hard; a few raisins and almonds; some cheese that Gregor had declared inedible two days before; a dry roll and some bread spread with butter and salt. As well as all that she had poured some water into the dish, which had probably been permanently set aside for Gregor's use, and placed it beside them. Then, out of consideration for Gregor's feelings, as she knew that he would not eat in front of her, she hurried out again and even turned the key in the lock so that Gregor would know he could make things as comfortable for himself as he liked. Gregor's little legs whirred, at last he could eat. What's more, his injuries must already have completely healed as he found no difficulty in moving. This amazed him, as more than a month earlier he had cut his finger slightly with a knife, he thought of how his finger had still hurt the day before yesterday.% "Am I less sensitive than I used to be, then?", he thought, and was already sucking greedily at the cheese which had immediately, almost compellingly, attracted him much more than the other foods on the newspaper. Quickly one after another, his eyes watering with pleasure, he consumed the cheese, the vegetables and the sauce; the fresh foods, on the other hand, he didn't like at all, and even dragged the things he did want to eat a little way away from them because he couldn't stand the smell. Long after he had finished eating and lay lethargic in the same place, his sister slowly turned the key in the lock as a sign to him that he should withdraw. He was immediately startled, although he had been half asleep, and he hurried back under the couch. But he needed great selfcontrol to stay there even for the short time that his sister was in the room, as eating so much food had rounded out his body a little and he could hardly breathe in that narrow space. Half suffocating, he watched with bulging eyes as his sister unselfconsciously took a broom and swept up the left-overs, mixing them in with the food he had not even touched at all as if it could not be used any more. She quickly dropped it all into a bin, closed it with its wooden lid,

Korean bin: 큰상자, 저장하다, 정신병원, 포도주 저장소, 큰 상자. broom: 비, 청소하다, 금작화, 비로 쓸다, 긴자루 부러시, 긴자루 브러시, 빗자루, 을 비로 쓸다. bulging: 부풀리는, 부푼. greedily: 욕심내어, 게걸스레, 게걸스럽게. inedible: 먹을 수 없는, 식용에 적합치 않은, 먹기에 알맞지 않은. lethargic: 졸린, 노곤한, 혼수상태,

기면증의, 기면성의. lid: 뚜껑, 눈꺼풀, 모자, 덮개, 규제. mixing: 혼성, 음량조정, 믹싱, 음량 조정, 영상 조정. rotten: 약한, 썩은, 부패한, 부서지기 쉬운, 타락한, 더러운, 취약한, 나쁜, 태도가 나쁜, 궂은, 축축한. rounded: 둥글게 한, 세련된, 완성된, 원순음의, 끝수가 없는, 둥글린, 낭랑한, 어림수의, 완벽한, 입술을 둥글게 하여 발음되는.

self-control: 자제, 극기, 자제심, 근신. startled: 놀란. sucking: 미숙한, 빨아들이는, 젖내나는, 아직 젖 떨어지지 않은, 풋내기의, 젖을 빠는, 빨아 들이는. watering: 살수, 해수욕의, 해수욕장의, 급수용의, 물결 무늬, 관수용의, 침을 흘리는, 온천의, 살수용의, 눈곱이 낀, 배수구가 있는 늪.

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and carried everything out. She had hardly turned her back before Gregor came out again from under the couch and stretched himself.% This was how Gregor received his food each day now, once in the morning while his parents and the maid were still asleep, and the second time after everyone had eaten their meal at midday as his parents would sleep for a little while then as well, and Gregor's sister would send the maid away on some errand. Gregor's father and mother certainly did not want him to starve either, but perhaps it would have been more than they could stand to have any more experience of his feeding than being told about it, and perhaps his sister wanted to spare them what distress she could as they were indeed suffering enough. It was impossible for Gregor to find out what they had told the doctor and the locksmith that first morning to get them out of the flat. As nobody could understand him, nobody, not even his sister, thought that he could understand them, so he had to be content to hear his sister's sighs and appeals to the saints as she moved about his room. It was only later, when she had become a little more used to everything - there was, of course, no question of her ever becoming fully used to the situation - that Gregor would sometimes catch a friendly comment, or at least a comment that could be construed as friendly. "He's enjoyed his dinner today", she might say when he had diligently cleared away all the food left for him, or if he left most of it, which slowly became more and more frequent, she would often say, sadly, "now everything's just been left there again". Although Gregor wasn't able to hear any news directly he did listen to much of what was said in the next rooms, and whenever he heard anyone speaking he would scurry straight to the appropriate door and press his whole body against it. There was seldom any conversation, especially at first, that was not about him in some way, even if only in secret. For two whole days, all the talk at every mealtime was about what they should do now; but even between meals they spoke about the same subject as there were always at least two members of the family at home - nobody wanted to be at home by themselves and it was out of the question to leave the flat entirely empty. And on the very first day the maid

Korean asleep: 잠들어, 활발치않아서, 마비되어, 팽이가서서, 영면하여, 죽어, 자서, 저려. diligently: 부지런히, 애써, 근면하게, 부지런하게, 열심히. distress: 고난, 고통, 빈궁, 비탄, 고민, 심통, 피로하게 하다, 피로, 괴롭히다, 압류-괴롭히다, 압류. errand: 심부름, 볼일, 사명, 심부름의 내용, 내용. feeding: 급송, 급수, 송전, 목초지,

먹음, 사양, 거세지는, 급송하는, 애처롭게. 음식물을 섭취하는, 섭식. scurry: 달리다, 달림, 서두르다, frequent: 자주가다, 늘모이다, 단거리경마, 단거리경주, 당황하여 상습적인, 수많은, 자주 일어나는, 달리다, 소나기, 종종 걸음, 자주일어나는, 빈번한. 허둥지둥함. mealtime: 식사시간, 식사 시간. seldom: 드물게, 흔히, 좀처럼...않는, midday: 정오, 대낮, 대낮의. 좀처럼, 않는. rooms: 한조의 방. starve: 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 아사하다, sadly: 슬프게, 한탄할 정도로, 치사한, 굶주리게 하다, 배고프다, 천한, 진지한, 우중충충한, 지독한, 동사시키다, 굶어 죽다, 시장기를 절망적인, 유감스럽게도, 어두운, 느끼다, 허기지게 하다.

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Metamorphosis

had fallen to her knees and begged Gregor's mother to let her go without delay. It was not very clear how much she knew of what had happened but she left within a quarter of an hour, tearfully thanking Gregor's mother for her dismissal as if she had done her an enormous service. She even swore emphatically not to tell anyone the slightest about what had happened, even though no-one had asked that of her. Now Gregor's sister also had to help his mother with the cooking; although that was not so much bother as no-one ate very much. Gregor often heard how one of them would unsuccessfully urge another to eat, and receive no more answer than "no thanks, I've had enough" or something similar. No-one drank very much either. His sister would sometimes ask his father whether he would like a beer, hoping for the chance to go and fetch it herself. When his father then said nothing she would add, so that he would not feel selfish, that she could send the housekeeper for it, but then his father would close the matter with a big, loud "No", and no more would be said.% Even before the first day had come to an end, his father had explained to Gregor's mother and sister what their finances and prospects were. Now and then he stood up from the table and took some receipt or document from the little cash box he had saved from his business when it had collapsed five years earlier. Gregor heard how he opened the complicated lock and then closed it again after he had taken the item he wanted. What he heard his father say was some of the first good news that Gregor heard since he had first been incarcerated in his room. He had thought that nothing at all remained from his father's business, at least he had never told him anything different, and Gregor had never asked him about it anyway. Their business misfortune had reduced the family to a state of total despair, and Gregor's only concern at that time had been to arrange things so that they could all forget about it as quickly as possible. So then he started working especially hard, with a fiery vigour that raised him from a junior salesman to a travelling representative almost overnight, bringing with it the chance to earn money in quite different ways. Gregor converted his success at work straight into cash that he could lay on the table at home for the benefit of his astonished and delighted family. They had been good times and they had never come again, at least not with the same splendour, even though

Korean cooking: 요리용의, 요리법, 요리하기. delighted: 기쁜, 매우 즐거운. despair: 절망, 절망의 근원, 절망하다, 자포자기. dismissal: 각하, 면직, 해산, 퇴거, 퇴학, 해고, 기각, 해방, 해임, 해고 통지, 이혼. emphatically: 강하게, 단호히, 전혀. fetch: 가져오다, 도달하다, 내다, 오게하다, 불러오다, 팔리다, 가하다, 가하다-물건을가져오다, 갖다 주다,

물건을가져오다, 의 마음을 사로잡다. fiery: 불의, 염증을 일으킨, 불빛의, 불같은, 불타고있는, 격하기 쉬운, 작열하는, 열렬한, 얼얼한, 인화하기 쉬운, 폭발하기 쉬운. finances: 재원. housekeeper: 가정부, 주부, 하녀 우두머리, 관리인. misfortune: 불행, 불운, 재난. receipt: 영수증, 수령, 수취, 영수, 영수증을 떼다, 조리법, 영수필이라고

쓰다, 영수 필이라고 쓰다, 영수증을 발행하다, 영수액, 수령액. selfish: 이기적인, 제멋대로의, 자기 본위의, 자애적인. splendour: 빛남, 광채, 호화, 훌륭함, 현저함, 장려, 현저, 광휘를 나타내는 것, 광휘를 주는 것. tearfully: 슬프게, 눈물어린 채로. unsuccessfully: 성공하지 못하고, 불운하게. vigour: 정력, 활기, 힘, 구속력.

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Gregor%had later earned so much that he was in a position to bear the costs of the whole family, and did bear them. They had even got used to it, both Gregor and the family, they took the money with gratitude and he was glad to provide it, although there was no longer much warm affection given in return. Gregor only remained close to his sister now. Unlike him, she was very fond of music and a gifted and expressive violinist, it was his secret plan to send her to the conservatory next year even though it would cause great expense that would have to be made up for in some other way. During Gregor's short periods in town, conversation with his sister would often turn to the conservatory but it was only ever mentioned as a lovely dream that could never be realised. Their parents did not like to hear this innocent talk, but Gregor thought about it quite hard and decided he would let them know what he planned with a grand announcement of it on Christmas day. That was the sort of totally pointless thing that went through his mind in his present state, pressed upright against the door and listening. There were times when he simply became too tired to continue listening, when his head would fall wearily against the door and he would pull it up again with a start, as even the slightest noise he caused would be heard next door and they would all go silent. "What's that he's doing now", his father would say after a while, clearly having gone over to the door, and only then would the interrupted conversation slowly be taken up again. When explaining things, his father repeated himself several times, partly because it was a long time since he had been occupied with these matters himself and partly because Gregor's mother did not understand everything first time. From these repeated explanations Gregor learned, to his pleasure, that despite all their misfortunes there was still some money available from the old days. It was not a lot, but it had not been touched in the meantime and some interest had accumulated. Besides that, they had not been using up all the money that Gregor had been bringing home every month, keeping only a little for himself, so that that, too, had been accumulating. Behind the door, Gregor nodded with enthusiasm in his pleasure at this unexpected thrift and caution. He could actually have used this surplus money to reduce his father's debt to his boss, and

Korean affection: 애정, 영향, 병, 감정, 특성, 성질, 호의, 기질, 감동. caution: 경고, 조심, 경계, 에게 경고하다, 경계를 요하는 사물, 담보, 예령, 주의, 희한한 사람, 주의시키다, 신중. conservatory: 온실, 예술 학교, 음악학교, 음악 학교, 미술 학교. expressive: 표정이 풍부한, 표현의, 표현하는, 의미 심장한, 표현이 풍부한, 나타내는, 표현적인.

fond: 어리석은, 다정한, 정에 무른, 사랑에 빠진, 실없는, 애정있는, 좋아서, 토대, 레이스의 바닥 천, 기초, 좋아하는. gifted: 타고난 재능이 있는, 천부의 재주가 있는, 수재의, 매우 머리가 좋은, 천부의 재능이 있는. gratitude: 감사. interrupted: 중단된, 가로막힌, 단속적인, 중절된. meantime: 이럭저럭하는 동안에, 그

동안에, 이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는 바뀌어. pointless: 무의미한, 무딘, 뾰족한 끝이 없는, 요령 없는, 쌍방 무득점의, 끝이 무딘. surplus: 잉여, 여분, 나머지, 과잉의. thrift: 아르메리아, 검약, 번성, 절약, 무성. violinist: 바이올린 연주자. wearily: 지쳐서, 피곤한 듯이, 싫증나서, 질려서, 질려서 물려서.

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the day when he could have freed himself from that job would have come much closer, but now it was certainly better the way his father had done things.% This money, however, was certainly not enough to enable the family to live off the interest; it was enough to maintain them for, perhaps, one or two years, no more. That's to say, it was money that should not really be touched but set aside for emergencies; money to live on had to be earned. His father was healthy but old, and lacking in self-confidence. During the five years that he had not been working - the first holiday in a life that had been full of strain and no success - he had put on a lot of weight and become very slow and clumsy. Would Gregor's elderly mother now have to go and earn money? She suffered from asthma and it was a strain for her just to move about the home, every other day would be spent struggling for breath on the sofa by the open window. Would his sister have to go and earn money? She was still a child of seventeen, her life up till then had been very enviable, consisting of wearing nice clothes, sleeping late, helping out in the business, joining in with a few modest pleasures and most of all playing the violin. Whenever they began to talk of the need to earn money, Gregor would always first let go of the door and then throw himself onto the cool, leather sofa next to it, as he became quite hot with shame and regret. He would often lie there the whole night through, not sleeping a wink but scratching at the leather for hours on end. Or he might go to all the effort of pushing a chair to the window, climbing up onto the sill and, propped up in the chair, leaning on the window to stare out of it. He had used to feel a great sense of freedom from doing this, but doing it now was obviously something more remembered than experienced, as what he actually saw in this way was becoming less distinct every day, even things that were quite near; he had used to curse the ever-present view of the hospital across the street, but now he could not see it at all, and if he had not known that he lived in Charlottenstrasse, which was a quiet street despite being in the middle of the city, he could have thought that he was looking out the window at a barren waste where the grey sky and the grey earth mingled inseparably. His observant sister only needed to notice the chair twice before she would always push it back to its exact position by the

Korean asthma: 천식. barren: 임신 못하는, 불모의, 메마른, 열매를 맺지 않는, 농작물이 나지않는, 재미없는, 무익한, 내용이 보잘것 없는, 새끼를 못 낳는, 효과없는, 황야. clumsy: 꼴사나운, 다루기 힘든, 쓰기 불편한, 볼품없는, 재치 없는, 어색한, 솜씨시없는, 무뚝뚝한, 모양없는, 서투른, 모양 없는. enviable: 바람직한, 부러운, 샘나는.

ever-present: 항상 존재하는. stare: 응시하다, 응시, 두드러 지다, inseparably: 분리할 수 없는. 빤히 보다, 노려보아..시키다, 시키다, mingled: 섞는, 뒤섞이는. 빤히 쳐다보기, 노려보아, 노려보다, observant: 주의깊은, 관찰력이 눈에 띄다. 예리한, 준수하는, 법 따위의 violin: 바이올린, 바이올린 연주자, 엄수하는 사람, 관습 따위의 엄수하는 현악기. 사람, 엄수하는 사람. wink: 눈짓하다, 반짝이다, 기운차게, self-confidence: 자신, 자신 과잉, 깜박이다, 눈깜박임, 보고도 자신감, 자부. 못본체하다, 눈을 깜빡이다, 눈짓, sill: 문지방, 창턱, 갱도의 바닥. 눈짓으로 신호하다, 깜박임, sofa: 소파, 긴의자. 윙크하다.

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window after she had tidied up the room, and even left the inner pane of the window open from then on.% If Gregor had only been able to speak to his sister and thank her for all that she had to do for him it would have been easier for him to bear it; but as it was it caused him pain. His sister, naturally, tried as far as possible to pretend there was nothing burdensome about it, and the longer it went on, of course, the better she was able to do so, but as time went by Gregor was also able to see through it all so much better. It had even become very unpleasant for him, now, whenever she entered the room. No sooner had she come in than she would quickly close the door as a precaution so that no-one would have to suffer the view into Gregor's room, then she would go straight to the window and pull it hurriedly open almost as if she were suffocating. Even if it was cold, she would stay at the window breathing deeply for a little while. She would alarm Gregor twice a day with this running about and noise making; he would stay under the couch shivering the whole while, knowing full well that she would certainly have liked to spare him this ordeal, but it was impossible for her to be in the same room with him with the windows closed. One day, about a month after Gregor's transformation when his sister no longer had any particular reason to be shocked at his appearance, she came into the room a little earlier than usual and found him still staring out the window, motionless, and just where he would be most horrible. In itself, his sister's not coming into the room would have been no surprise for Gregor as it would have been difficult for her to immediately open the window while he was still there, but not only did she not come in, she went straight back and closed the door behind her, a stranger would have thought he had threatened her and tried to bite her. Gregor went straight to hide himself under the couch, of course, but he had to wait until midday before his sister came back and she seemed much more uneasy than usual. It made him realise that she still found his appearance unbearable and would continue to do so, she probably even had to overcome the urge to flee when she saw the little bit of him that protruded from under the couch. One day, in order to spare her even this sight, he spent four hours

Korean bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린 상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을 에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게 하다. burdensome: 번거로운, 고된, 귀찮은, 난사의, 무거운 짐이 되는, 부담이 되는, 성가신, 어려운, 견딜 수 없이부담이 되는, 부담스러운. flee: 도망하다, 사라지다, 질주하다, 달아나다, 도망치다, 급속히 경과하다, 서두르다, 급속히

지나가다. motionless: 움직이 않는, 퍄, 뭄짓으로 신호하다, 움직이지 않는, 정지한, 정지한-뭄짓으로 신호하다링, 팅삥, 동기가 없는. ordeal: 호된시련, 시죄법, 지독한 시련. precaution: 경계, 예방책, 조심. pretend: 속이다, 자부하다, 인 체하다, 거짓의, 감히..하려고 하다, 가장하다, 체하다, 공상상의, 요구하다, 구실로

삼다. shivering: 몸의 떨림, 전율. stranger: 손님, 제삼자, 낯선 사람, 새로 온 사람, 무 경험자, 모르는 사람, 을 쌀쌀하게대하다, 여보세요, 문외한. transformation: 변형, 변환, 변태, 변질, 변압, 변모, 다리, 전이, 급변하는 장면. unpleasant: 불쾌한, 불유쾌한, 심술궂은.

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carrying the bedsheet over to the couch on his back and arranged it so that he was completely covered and his sister would not be able to see him even if she bent down. If she did not think this sheet was necessary then all she had to do was take it off again, as it was clear enough that it was no pleasure for Gregor to cut himself off so completely. She left the sheet where it was. Gregor even thought he glimpsed a look of gratitude one time when he carefully looked out from under the sheet to see how his sister liked the new arrangement.% For the first fourteen days, Gregor's parents could not bring themselves to come into the room to see him. He would often hear them say how they appreciated all the new work his sister was doing even though, before, they had seen her as a girl who was somewhat useless and frequently been annoyed with her. But now the two of them, father and mother, would often both wait outside the door of Gregor's room while his sister tidied up in there, and as soon as she went out again she would have to tell them exactly how everything looked, what Gregor had eaten, how he had behaved this time and whether, perhaps, any slight improvement could be seen. His mother also wanted to go in and visit Gregor relatively soon but his father and sister at first persuaded her against it. Gregor listened very closely to all this, and approved fully. Later, though, she had to be held back by force, which made her call out: "Let me go and see Gregor, he is my unfortunate son! Can't you understand I have to see him?", and Gregor would think to himself that maybe it would be better if his mother came in, not every day of course, but one day a week, perhaps; she could understand everything much better than his sister who, for all her courage, was still just a child after all, and really might not have had an adult's appreciation of the burdensome job she had taken on. Gregor's wish to see his mother was soon realised. Out of consideration for his parents, Gregor wanted to avoid being seen at the window during the day, the few square meters of the floor did not give him much room to crawl about, it was hard to just lie quietly through the night, his food soon stopped giving him any pleasure at all, and so, to entertain himself, he got into the habit of crawling up and down the walls and ceiling. He was especially fond of hanging from the

Korean appreciation: 감사, 감상, 평가, 인식, 가격의증가, 진가의인정, 진가를 인정함, 등귀, 진가. approved: 인가된, 입증된, 승인된, 공인의, 공인된, 정평있는. bedsheet: 시이트, 이부자리, 홑이불. behaved: 한 태도의, 행동거지가 ...한. bent: 굽은, 초원, 황야, 마음을 기울인, 열심인, 경향, 허리가 굽은, 성벽, 겨이삭속 또는 그와 비슷한 포아풀과의 잡초, 그 줄기, 기호.

courage: 용기, 담력, 용감, 배짱. crawl: 기어가다, 들끓다, 서행하다, 근질근질하다, 활어조, 살금살금 걸어다니다, 댄스, 크롤 수영법, 우글거리다, 크롤로 헤엄치다, 포복. entertain: 대접하다, 품다, 즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는, 즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써 받아들이다, 환대하다. fourteen: 네째의, 네째로, 십사, 열넷, 제4.

quietly: 조용히, 수수하게, 얌전하게, 평온하게, 살짝, 침착하게. slight: 경멸, 근소한, 약한, 얕보다, 적은, 훌쭉한, 가냘픈, 모자라는, 하찮은, 경시하다, 조금도. unfortunate: 유감스러운, 불길한, 불행한, 불행한 결과를 가져오는, 불운한 사람, 불운한, 적당하지 않은, 불행한 사람. useless: 쓸모없는, 무익한, 속절없는, 편치 않은.

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ceiling; it was quite different from lying on the floor; he could breathe more freely; his body had a light swing to it; and up there, relaxed and almost happy, it might happen that he would surprise even himself by letting go of the ceiling and landing on the floor with a crash. But now, of course, he had far better control of his body than before and, even with a fall as great as that, caused himself no damage. Very soon his sister noticed Gregor's new way of entertaining himself - he had, after all, left traces of the adhesive from his feet as he crawled about - and got it into her head to make it as easy as possible for him by removing the furniture that got in his way, especially the chest of drawers and the desk.% Now, this was not something that she would be able to do by herself; she did not dare to ask for help from her father; the sixteen year old maid had carried on bravely since the cook had left but she certainly would not have helped in this, she had even asked to be allowed to keep the kitchen locked at all times and never to have to open the door unless it was especially important; so his sister had no choice but to choose some time when Gregor's father was not there and fetch his mother to help her. As she approached the room, Gregor could hear his mother express her joy, but once at the door she went silent. First, of course, his sister came in and looked round to see that everything in the room was alright; and only then did she let her mother enter. Gregor had hurriedly pulled the sheet down lower over the couch and put more folds into it so that everything really looked as if it had just been thrown down by chance. Gregor also refrained, this time, from spying out from under the sheet; he gave up the chance to see his mother until later and was simply glad that she had come. "You can come in, he can't be seen", said his sister, obviously leading her in by the hand. The old chest of drawers was too heavy for a pair of feeble women to be heaving about, but Gregor listened as they pushed it from its place, his sister always taking on the heaviest part of the work for herself and ignoring her mother's warnings that she would strain herself. This lasted a very long time. After labouring at it for fifteen minutes or more his mother said it would be better to leave the chest where it was, for one thing it was too heavy for them to get the job finished before Gregor's father got home and leaving it in the middle of the

Korean bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게. breathe: 호흡하다, 속삭이다, 풍기다, 휴식 시키다, 휴식하다, 털어놓다, 쉬다, 선들거리다-불어넣다, 살아있다, 숨쉬다, 무성음으로 발음하다. crash: 추락, 실패하다, 파산하다, 충돌, 고장, 거친 아마포, 을 달리다, 와르르 부수다, 와르르 무너지다, 와르르, 숙박하다. dare: 도전하다, 위험을 무릅쓰다,

모험적으로 해보다, 감히 ~ 하다, 용기가 있다, 도전, 무릅쓰다. entertaining: 재미있는, 유쾌한. feeble: 약한, 연약한, 희미한, 의지가 박약한. fifteen: 십오, 열 다섯. freely: 아낌없이, 마음대로, 인심 후하게, 자유로이, 자유롭게, 허물없이. heaving: 올림, 끌어올림, 들어올림. labouring: 애쓰는, 고생하는, 노동에

종사하는. letting: 셋집, 임대, 전세아파트. relaxed: 긴장을 푼, 힘을 뺀, 무간한, 딱딱하지 않은, 느긋한, 관대한, 느슨한. sixteen: 십육세, 십육의, 열여섯, 열여섯 개, 십육세의. strain: 긴장시키다, 거르다, 종족, 경향, 혈통, 기미, 남용하다, 접질하다, 잡아당기다, 성격, 너무 써서 손상 시키다.

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room it would be in his way even more, and for another thing it wasn't even sure that taking the furniture away would really be any help to him. She thought just the opposite; the sight of the bare walls saddened her right to her heart; and why wouldn't Gregor feel the same way about it, he'd been used to this furniture in his room for a long time and it would make him feel abandoned to be in an empty room like that.% Then, quietly, almost whispering as if wanting Gregor (whose whereabouts she did not know) to hear not even the tone of her voice, as she was convinced that he did not understand her words, she added "and by taking the furniture away, won't it seem like we're showing that we've given up all hope of improvement and we're abandoning him to cope for himself? I think it'd be best to leave the room exactly the way it was before so that when Gregor comes back to us again he'll find everything unchanged and he'll be able to forget the time in between all the easier". Hearing these words from his mother made Gregor realise that the lack of any direct human communication, along with the monotonous life led by the family during these two months, must have made him confused - he could think of no other way of explaining to himself why he had seriously wanted his room emptied out. Had he really wanted to transform his room into a cave, a warm room fitted out with the nice furniture he had inherited? That would have let him crawl around unimpeded in any direction, but it would also have let him quickly forget his past when he had still been human. He had come very close to forgetting, and it had only been the voice of his mother, unheard for so long, that had shaken him out of it. Nothing should be removed; everything had to stay; he could not do without the good influence the furniture had on his condition; and if the furniture made it difficult for him to crawl about mindlessly that was not a loss but a great advantage. His sister, unfortunately, did not agree; she had become used to the idea, not without reason, that she was Gregor's spokesman to his parents about the things that concerned him. This meant that his mother's advice now was sufficient reason for her to insist on removing not only the chest of drawers and the desk,

Korean abandoned: 버림받은, 방탕한, 파렴치한, 자포자기한, 쟈유 분방한. bare: 닳아빠진, 노골적인, 결핍된, 써서 낡은, 알몸의, 부족한, 노출된, 이 없는, 장식없는, 벗기다, 드러낸. cave: 동굴, 굴, 꺼지다, 녹초가 되다, 동굴로 만들다, 움푹 들어가게 하다, 탈당, 함몰, 굴복하다, 탈당함몰하다, 항복시키다. chest: 가슴, 궤, 금고, 밀폐 용기, 상자, 큰상자, 흉곽, 장롱, 자금, 가슴 속,

흉중. fitted: 장비하여, 을 갖추어, 꼭 맞게 만들어진. furniture: 가구, 비품, 내용, 부속 쇠붙이, 갖추어진것. hearing: 청력, 듣기, 들어주기, 들리는 거리, 청각, 경청, 가청거리, 청위, 청취, 들리는 범위, 심문. inherited: 상속한는. insist: 주장하다, 우기다, 강요하다, 고집하다, 억지로 하게 하다,

역설하다, 끝까지 우기다, 강력히 주장하다. monotonous: 단조로운, 변화가 없어 지루한. transform: 바꾸다, 변압하다, 변형시키다, 변형하다, 다른 물질로 만들다, 변환, 변하다. unchanged: 변하지 않은, 변화하지 않은. whereabouts: 어디쯤에, 소재, 있는 곳, 행방, 의 장소.

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as she had thought at first, but all the furniture apart from the all-important couch. It was more than childish perversity, of course, or the unexpected confidence she had recently acquired, that made her insist; she had indeed noticed that Gregor needed a lot of room to crawl about in, whereas the furniture, as far as anyone could see, was of no use to him at all.% Girls of that age, though, do become enthusiastic about things and feel they must get their way whenever they can. Perhaps this was what tempted Grete to make Gregor's situation seem even more shocking than it was so that she could do even more for him. Grete would probably be the only one who would dare enter a room dominated by Gregor crawling about the bare walls by himself. So she refused to let her mother dissuade her. Gregor's mother already looked uneasy in his room, she soon stopped speaking and helped Gregor's sister to get the chest of drawers out with what strength she had. The chest of drawers was something that Gregor could do without if he had to, but the writing desk had to stay. Hardly had the two women pushed the chest of drawers, groaning, out of the room than Gregor poked his head out from under the couch to see what he could do about it. He meant to be as careful and considerate as he could, but, unfortunately, it was his mother who came back first while Grete in the next room had her arms round the chest, pushing and pulling at it from side to side by herself without, of course, moving it an inch. His mother was not used to the sight of Gregor, he might have made her ill, so Gregor hurried backwards to the far end of the couch. In his startlement, though, he was not able to prevent the sheet at its front from moving a little. It was enough to attract his mother's attention. She stood very still, remained there a moment, and then went back out to Grete. Gregor kept trying to assure himself that nothing unusual was happening, it was just a few pieces of furniture being moved after all, but he soon had to admit that the women going to and fro, their little calls to each other, the scraping of the furniture on the floor, all these things made him feel as if he were being assailed from all sides. With his head and legs pulled in against him and his body pressed to the floor, he was forced to admit to himself that he could not

Korean acquired: 획득한, 습득한, 후천적인. all-important: 가장 중요한, 아주 중요한. assure: 보증하다, 납득시키다, 보험에 넣다, 안심시키다, 확신시키다, 확실히하다, 납득하다, 확실하게 하다, 보험을 걸다. backwards: 뒤로, 거꾸로, 뒤쪽으로, 퇴보하여, 후방으로, 역행하여, 역으로, 뒤로 향하여, 거슬러 올라가서.

childish: 어린애 같은, 유치한, 어린이 같은, 어른답지 못한, 앳된, 아동의, 어른이 같은. considerate: 신중한, 이해성이 있는, 사려깊은, 동정있는, 생각이 깊은, 마음씨 좋은, 동정심이 있는. dissuade: 단념시키다, 그만두게 하다. enthusiastic: 열광의, 광신적인, 열광적인. fro: 이리저리, 저쪽에, 앞뒤로, 저쪽으로.

inch: 인치, 소량, 신장, 조금씩 움직이다, 키, 작은섬, 조금, 강우량 단위, 조금씩 움직이게 하다. perversity: 사악, 빙퉁그러짐, 외고집, 뒤틀린 성미, 비뚤어진 성미. scraping: 부스러기, 문지르기, 긁어 모은것, 긁어 모은 것, 깍기, 깍은 부스러기, 깍음, 거리의 무뢰한, 긁기, 먼지, 할큄. unexpected: 뜻하지 않은, 뜻밖의, 예기치 않은.

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stand all of this much longer. They were emptying his room out; taking away everything that was dear to him; they had already taken out the chest containing his fretsaw and other tools; now they threatened to remove the writing desk with its place clearly worn into the floor, the desk where he had done his homework as a business trainee, at high school, even while he had been at infant school - he really could not wait any longer to see whether the two women's intentions were good. He had nearly forgotten they were there anyway, as they were now too tired to say anything while they worked and he could only hear their feet as they stepped heavily on the floor.% So, while the women were leant against the desk in the other room catching their breath, he sallied out, changed direction four times not knowing what he should save first before his attention was suddenly caught by the picture on the wall - which was already denuded of everything else that had been on it - of the lady dressed in copious fur. He hurried up onto the picture and pressed himself against its glass, it held him firmly and felt good on his hot belly. This picture at least, now totally covered by Gregor, would certainly be taken away by no-one. He turned his head to face the door into the living room so that he could watch the women when they came back. They had not allowed themselves a long rest and came back quite soon; Grete had put her arm around her mother and was nearly carrying her. "What shall we take now, then?", said Grete and looked around. Her eyes met those of Gregor on the wall. Perhaps only because her mother was there, she remained calm, bent her face to her so that she would not look round and said, albeit hurriedly and with a tremor in her voice: "Come on, let's go back in the living room for a while?" Gregor could see what Grete had in mind, she wanted to take her mother somewhere safe and then chase him down from the wall. Well, she could certainly try it! He sat unyielding on his picture. He would rather jump at Grete's face. But Grete's words had made her mother quite worried, she stepped to one side, saw the enormous brown patch against the flowers of the wallpaper, and before she even realised it was Gregor that she saw screamed: "Oh God, oh God!"

Korean albeit: 에도 불구하고, 임에도 부드러운 모피를 붙이다, 백태가 불구하고. 생기다, 외음부, 모피의, 부드러운털, catching: 전염성의, 전염하는, 마음을 모피 동물, 백태. 빼앗는, 매력있는, 매력 있는 것. homework: 숙제, 집안일, 사전 조사, chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, 홈, 복습, 가내공업, 예습. 달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, infant: 유아, 유아의, 초기의, 소아, 쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다. 미성년의, 미성년자, 유치한, 유아용, copious: 풍부한, 내용이 풍부한, 많은, 소아의, 아이. 말수가많은, 말이 많은, 자세히 patch: 반점, 작은 지면, 깁는 헝겊, 서술하는, 막대한. 일시 미봉하다, 패치, 경작한 좁은 fur: 모피, 거웃, 부드러운 털, 지면, 한 번 바르는 분량의 고약, 에

바대를 대다, 에 쇳조각 따위를 대다, 멋으로 붙이는 헝겊, 헝겊 조각. tools: 도구. trainee: 견습공, 훈련생, 훈련받는 동물, 훈련받는 사람. tremor: 전율, 떨림, 떨리는 목소리, 오싹오싹하는 흥분, 미동, 진전. unyielding: 굴하지않는, 굽지 않는, 단단한, 단호한, 완고한, 유연성이 없는, 탄력성이 없는. wallpaper: 벽지, 벽지를 바르다.

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Arms%outstretched, she fell onto the couch as if she had given up everything and stayed there immobile. "Gregor!" shouted his sister, glowering at him and shaking her fist. That was the first word she had spoken to him directly since his transformation. She ran into the other room to fetch some kind of smelling salts to bring her mother out of her faint; Gregor wanted to help too - he could save his picture later, although he stuck fast to the glass and had to pull himself off by force; then he, too, ran into the next room as if he could advise his sister like in the old days; but he had to just stand behind her doing nothing; she was looking into various bottles, he startled her when she turned round; a bottle fell to the ground and broke; a splinter cut Gregor's face, some kind of caustic medicine splashed all over him; now, without delaying any longer, Grete took hold of all the bottles she could and ran with them in to her mother; she slammed the door shut with her foot. So now Gregor was shut out from his mother, who, because of him, might be near to death; he could not open the door if he did not want to chase his sister away, and she had to stay with his mother; there was nothing for him to do but wait; and, oppressed with anxiety and self-reproach, he began to crawl about, he crawled over everything, walls, furniture, ceiling, and finally in his confusion as the whole room began to spin around him he fell down into the middle of the dinner table. He lay there for a while, numb and immobile, all around him it was quiet, maybe that was a good sign. Then there was someone at the door. The maid, of course, had locked herself in her kitchen so that Grete would have to go and answer it. His father had arrived home. "What's happened?" were his first words; Grete's appearance must have made everything clear to him. She answered him with subdued voice, and openly pressed her face into his chest: "Mother's fainted, but she's better now. Gregor got out." "Just as I expected", said his father, "just as I always said, but you women wouldn't listen, would you." It was clear to Gregor that Grete had not said enough and that his father took it to mean that something bad had happened, that he was responsible for some act of violence. That meant Gregor would now have to try to calm his father, as he did not have the time to explain things to him even if that had been possible.

Korean anxiety: 걱정, 불안, 열망, 근심, 걱정거리, 염원. caustic: 부식성의, 가성의, 화선의, 화면, 통렬한, 부식제, 신랄한, 빈정대는-부식제, 빈정댐, 소작제, 화선. faint: 어질어질한, 희미한, 연약한, 기절하다, 쇠약해진, 약해지다, 활기없는, 졸도하다, 엷은, 가냘픈, 힘없는. immobile: 움직일 수 없는, 부동의,

고정된, 움직이지 않는, 정지의, 흔듦. 움직이기 힘드는. spin: 낙제시키다, 질주하다, 잣다, numb: 마비된, 감각을 잃은, 언, 무딘, 방적하다, 짓다, 회전시켜 만들다, 곱은, 감각을 잃게 하다, 감각을 어질어질하다, 눈이 핑 돌다, 토하다, 잃게하다, 마비시키다, 무감각하게 뱅글뱅글 돌다, 급락. 된, 완화시키다, 의 감각을 잃게 하다. splinter: 쪼개다, 파편, 분리된, 찢다, openly: 공공연하게, 터놓고, 지저깨비, 깎이다, 가시, 부서진 조각, 숨김없이, 공공연히, 솔직하게. 쪼개지다, 쪼개진 조각, 분열하다. salts: 방향염. subdued: 억제된, 가라앉은, 차분한, self-reproach: 자책. 조용한, 완화된, 약해진, 낮춘, shaking: 흔들림, 진동, 흔들리는, 낮아진, 정복된.

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So he fled to the door of his room and pressed himself against it so that his father, when he came in from the hall, could see straight away that Gregor had the best intentions and would go back into his room without delay, that it would not be necessary to drive him back but that they had only to open the door and he would disappear.% His father, though, was not in the mood to notice subtleties like that; "Ah!", he shouted as he came in, sounding as if he were both angry and glad at the same time. Gregor drew his head back from the door and lifted it towards his father. He really had not imagined his father the way he stood there now; of late, with his new habit of crawling about, he had neglected to pay attention to what was going on the rest of the flat the way he had done before. He really ought to have expected things to have changed, but still, still, was that really his father? The same tired man as used to be laying there entombed in his bed when Gregor came back from his business trips, who would receive him sitting in the armchair in his nightgown when he came back in the evenings; who was hardly even able to stand up but, as a sign of his pleasure, would just raise his arms and who, on the couple of times a year when they went for a walk together on a Sunday or public holiday wrapped up tightly in his overcoat between Gregor and his mother, would always labour his way forward a little more slowly than them, who were already walking slowly for his sake; who would place his stick down carefully and, if he wanted to say something would invariably stop and gather his companions around him. He was standing up straight enough now; dressed in a smart blue uniform with gold buttons, the sort worn by the employees at the banking institute; above the high, stiff collar of the coat his strong double-chin emerged; under the bushy eyebrows, his piercing, dark eyes looked out fresh and alert; his normally unkempt white hair was combed down painfully close to his scalp. He took his cap, with its gold monogram from, probably, some bank, and threw it in an arc right across the room onto the sofa, put his hands in his trouser pockets, pushing back the bottom of his long uniform coat, and, with look of determination, walked towards Gregor.

Korean alert: 경계, 방심 않는, 민활한, 경계경보, 경보, 기민한. arc: 호, 전호, 아크, 아아크. armchair: 안락의자, 실제 경험에 의하지 않은, 경험에 의하지 않은. bushy: 털이많은, 덤불같은, 관목이 무성한. laying: 부설, 조준, 쌓음, 꼬는 법, 애벌칠, 쌓기, 놓기, 한 배에 깐 알, 끌어 댐, 설치, 한 번에 까는 알. monogram: 도형화한 머리 글자 등,

짜맞춘 글자, 모노그램. 조사, 측연이 미치는 측정 범위, 수심 neglected: 게을리한. 측량, 소리나는. overcoat: 외투. stiff: 시체, 딱딱한, 빡빡한, 독한, scalp: 혹평하다, 전리품, 머릿가죽, 강세의, 완고한, 뻣뻣한, 되게 반죽된, 승리, 의 머릿가죽을 벗기다, 작은 딱딱한사람, 잘움직이지 않는, 경직한 이문을 남기다, 이문 남겨 팔다, 고래 팽팽한. 대가리, 고르다, 머리 가죽이 붙은 trouser: 바지의, 바지의 한쪽 가랑이, 사슴의 뿔, 머리 가죽. 즈봉, 바지, 바지를 입은, 남자의, sounding: 수심, 과장된, 측연선으로 바지용의. 잴 수 있는곳, 거창하게 들리는, unkempt: 단정치 못한, 빗질을 안한, 소리를 내는, 울려 퍼지는, 측심, 빗질하지 않은, 깔끔하지 못한.

Franz Kafka

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He %probably did not even know himself what he had in mind, but nonetheless lifted his feet unusually high. Gregor was amazed at the enormous size of the soles of his boots, but wasted no time with that - he knew full well, right from the first day of his new life, that his father thought it necessary to always be extremely strict with him. And so he ran up to his father, stopped when his father stopped, scurried forwards again when he moved, even slightly. In this way they went round the room several times without anything decisive happening, without even giving the impression of a chase as everything went so slowly. Gregor remained all this time on the floor, largely because he feared his father might see it as especially provoking if he fled onto the wall or ceiling. Whatever he did, Gregor had to admit that he certainly would not be able to keep up this running about for long, as for each step his father took he had to carry out countless movements. He became noticeably short of breath, even in his earlier life his lungs had not been very reliable. Now, as he lurched about in his efforts to muster all the strength he could for running he could hardly keep his eyes open; his thoughts became too slow for him to think of any other way of saving himself than running; he almost forgot that the walls were there for him to use although, here, they were concealed behind carefully carved furniture full of notches and protrusions - then, right beside him, lightly tossed, something flew down and rolled in front of him. It was an apple; then another one immediately flew at him; Gregor froze in shock; there was no longer any point in running as his father had decided to bombard him. He had filled his pockets with fruit from the bowl on the sideboard and now, without even taking the time for careful aim, threw one apple after another. These little, red apples rolled about on the floor, knocking into each other as if they had electric motors. An apple thrown without much force glanced against Gregor's back and slid off without doing any harm. Another one however, immediately following it, hit squarely and lodged in his back; Gregor wanted to drag himself away, as if he could remove the surprising, the incredible pain by changing his position; but he felt as if nailed to the spot and spread himself out, all his senses in confusion. The last thing he saw was the door of his room being pulled open, his sister was screaming, his mother ran out in front of her in her blouse (as his sister had

Korean blouse: 블라우스, 군복의 상의, 웃옷, 작업복. bombard: 포격하다, 비방하다, 욕하다, 공격하다, 집어 던지다, 폭격하다, 입자로 충격을 가하다. carved: 개척하는, 고기를 베어 나누는, 베는, 새기는, 출세 등을 개척하는. concealed: 숨기는. countless: 무수한, 셀 수 없이 많은, 셀수 없는, 셀 수 없는.

drag: 발을 질질 끌며걷다, 끌리다, 당기다, 흙다, 써레, 끌기, 느릿느릿 나아가다, 바퀴 멈추개, 바퀴멈추개, 느릿느릿나아가다, 느릿느릿걷다. muster: 소집하다, 소집, 점호하다, 검열, 점호, 분발시키다, 집합, 점호를 위해 병사 등을 소집하다, 선원 등을 소집하다, 사람 따위의 집합, 모이다. noticeably: 눈에 띄게, 두드러지게, 현저하게. provoking: 성이 나는, 속타게 하는,

자극하는. sideboard: 살강, 식기 선반, 찬장, 긴 구레나룻. squarely: 정면으로, 직각으로, 공명정대하게, 네모지게, 배불리, 바로, 딱 잘라서, 단호하게, 거리낌없이, 정직하게, 정정당당히. unusually: 현저하게, 대단히, 몹시, 이상하게, 매우, 괴상하게, 보통과는 달리, 유별나게, 전에 없이. wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간.

36

Metamorphosis

taken off %some of her clothes after she had fainted to make it easier for her to breathe), she ran to his father, her skirts unfastened and sliding one after another to the ground, stumbling over the skirts she pushed herself to his father, her arms around him, uniting herself with him totally - now Gregor lost his ability to see anything - her hands behind his father's head begging him to spare Gregor's life.

Korean ability: 능력, 재능, 수완, 유자격. arms: 무기, 팔, 힘, 전투 무장시키다, 권력, 앞다리, 문장, 군사. begging: 구걸, 구걸하는, 거지 생활. clothes: 옷, 침구, 의복, 세탁물, 빨래감, 범포, 모직물, 검은 성직복, 클로스, 헝겊, 천. ground: 어스, 흙, 바탕, 기초, 좌초시키다, 정원, 좌초하다, 근거, 지면, 땅, 접지. hands: 소유, 일군.

herself: 그 여자 자신, 그녀는, 그녀 검약하다, 삼가다. 자신. totally: 전혀, 모조리, 전적으로. lost: 진, 허비한, 잃은, 놓친, 길잃은, 정신팔린, 죽인, 파멸된, 잃어버린, 헛되이, 죽은. ran: 란. sliding: 변화하는, 미끄러지는, 미끄러져 움직이는. spare: 절약하다, 할애하다, 용서하다, 나누어 주다, 예비품, 아끼지 않다, 아끼다, 없는대로 지내다, 억누르다,

Franz Kafka

37

III No-one%dared to remove the apple lodged in Gregor's flesh, so it remained there as a visible reminder of his injury. He had suffered it there for more than a month, and his condition seemed serious enough to remind even his father that Gregor, despite his current sad and revolting form, was a family member who could not be treated as an enemy. On the contrary, as a family there was a duty to swallow any revulsion for him and to be patient, just to be patient. Because of his injuries, Gregor had lost much of his mobility - probably permanently. He had been reduced to the condition of an ancient invalid and it took him long, long minutes to crawl across his room - crawling over the ceiling was out of the question - but this deterioration in his condition was fully (in his opinion) made up for by the door to the living room being left open every evening. He got into the habit of closely watching it for one or two hours before it was opened and then, lying in the darkness of his room where he could not be seen from the living room, he could watch the family in the light of the dinner table and listen to their conversation - with everyone's permission, in a way, and thus quite differently from before. They no longer held the lively conversations of earlier times, of course, the ones that Gregor always thought about with longing when he was tired and getting into the damp bed in some small hotel room. All of them were usually very quiet nowadays. Soon after dinner, his father would go to sleep in his chair;

Korean contrary: 반대의, 심술궂은, 상반하는 사물, 정반대, 반대로, 거꾸로, 역, 불리한, 거꾸로의, 반대명제, 외고집의. deterioration: 악화, 저하, 타락. differently: 다르게, 같지 않게, 따로, 그렇지 않게, 별도로, 달리. invalid: 병약한, 병약자, 병자, 무효의, 병약자 취급을 받다, 병약하게 되다, 병약자로서 면제하다, 병약하게 하다, 상병으로 현역에서 제대하다, 상이

군인 명부에 기입하다, 허약한. 하는 것, 상기시키기 위한 조언. longing: 갈망, 갈망하는, 사모, 고대, revolting: 구역나는, 메스꺼운, 고향을 몹시 그리워하고 있다, 그리움 반란하는, 불쾌감을 일으키는, 싫은, 갈망하는, 동경, 몹시 그리워하는. 지긋지긋한, 반란을 일으키는. nowadays: 현대, 지금은, 요즈음에는, revulsion: 격변, 회수, 유도법, 혐오감, 요즈음, 오늘날, 오늘날에는. 잡아뗌, 되돌아감, 급변, 급격한 반동, permanently: 영구히, 불변으로, 극도의 불쾌감, 반감, 극도의 반감. 영속하게. swallow: 참다, 제비, 식도, reminder: 독촉장, 조언, 생각나게 빨아들이다, 취소하다, 삼킴, 한 모금, 하는 사람, 신호, 생각나게하는 것, 삼키다, 받아들이다, 억누르다, 상기시키는 조언, 암시, 생각나게 곧이듣다.

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his mother and sister would urge each other to be quiet; his mother, bent deeply under the lamp, would sew fancy underwear for a fashion shop; his sister, who had taken a sales job, learned shorthand and French in the evenings so that she might be able to get a better position later on. Sometimes his father would wake up and say to Gregor's mother "you're doing so much sewing again today!", as if he did not know that he had been dozing - and then he would go back to sleep again while mother and sister would exchange a tired grin. With a kind of stubbornness, Gregor's father refused to take his uniform off even at home; while his nightgown hung unused on its peg Gregor's father would slumber where he was, fully dressed, as if always ready to serve and expecting to hear the voice of his superior even here. The uniform had not been new to start with, but as a result of this it slowly became even shabbier despite the efforts of Gregor's mother and sister to look after it. Gregor would often spend the whole evening looking at all the stains on this coat, with its gold buttons always kept polished and shiny, while the old man in it would sleep, highly uncomfortable but peaceful.% As soon as it struck ten, Gregor's mother would speak gently to his father to wake him and try to persuade him to go to bed, as he couldn't sleep properly where he was and he really had to get his sleep if he was to be up at six to get to work. But since he had been in work he had become more obstinate and would always insist on staying longer at the table, even though he regularly fell asleep and it was then harder than ever to persuade him to exchange the chair for his bed. Then, however much mother and sister would importune him with little reproaches and warnings he would keep slowly shaking his head for a quarter of an hour with his eyes closed and refusing to get up. Gregor's mother would tug at his sleeve, whisper endearments into his ear, Gregor's sister would leave her work to help her mother, but nothing would have any effect on him. He would just sink deeper into his chair. Only when the two women took him under the arms he would abruptly open his eyes, look at them one after the other and say: "What a life! This is what peace I get in my old age!" And supported by the two women he would lift himself up carefully as if he were carrying the greatest load himself, let the women take him to the door, send them off and carry on by

Korean importune: 괴롭히다, 성가시게 부탁하다, 을 끈덕지게 조르다, 조르다, 에게 끈질기게 조르다. obstinate: 완고한, 완강한, 난치의, 고집센, 병이 난치의. peg: 안정시키다, 부지런히 일하다, 줄조르개, 나무못, 마개, 이유, 위가 넓고 아래가 좁아진, 겨누다, 공 따위를 던지다, 급, 나무로 만든 의족. sew: 꿰매어 붙이다, 바느질하다, 깁다, 박다, 꿰매다, 꿰매어 막다,

재봉하다, 재봉하여 만들다, 철하다. sewing: 재봉, 바느질감, 바느질실, 재봉의. shiny: 빛나는, 윤이 나는, 번쩍이는, 햇빛이 쬐는, 번들거리는, 해가 비치는, 닳아 빤질빤질한. shorthand: 속기의, 약칭, 속기하다, 속기에 의한, 속기, 맞습니다, 네, 간략한 지칭. sleeve: 소매, 을 몰래 준비하다, 소매를 달다, 소매자락, 슬리브관,

커버. slumber: 휴지하다, 잠, 잠자다, 잠자면서 보내다, 활동을 쉬다, 무기력 상태, 혼수 상태. tug: 끌다, 잡아 당기다, 분투, 예인선, 끄집어 내다, 배를 끌다, 당기다, 장학생, 짧은 가죽 끈, 힘껏 당김, 예인선으로 끌다. underwear: 속옷, 내의. unused: 익숙하지 않은, 쓰지 않는, 사용한 적이 없는, 사용하지 않은.

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himself while Gregor's mother would throw down her needle and his sister her pen so that they could run after his father and continue being of help to him.% Who, in this tired and overworked family, would have had time to give more attention to Gregor than was absolutely necessary? The household budget became even smaller; so now the maid was dismissed; an enormous, thick-boned charwoman with white hair that flapped around her head came every morning and evening to do the heaviest work; everything else was looked after by Gregor's mother on top of the large amount of sewing work she did. Gregor even learned, listening to the evening conversation about what price they had hoped for, that several items of jewellery belonging to the family had been sold, even though both mother and sister had been very fond of wearing them at functions and celebrations. But the loudest complaint was that although the flat was much too big for their present circumstances, they could not move out of it, there was no imaginable way of transferring Gregor to the new address. He could see quite well, though, that there were more reasons than consideration for him that made it difficult for them to move, it would have been quite easy to transport him in any suitable crate with a few air holes in it; the main thing holding the family back from their decision to move was much more to do with their total despair, and the thought that they had been struck with a misfortune unlike anything experienced by anyone else they knew or were related to. They carried out absolutely everything that the world expects from poor people, Gregor's father brought bank employees their breakfast, his mother sacrificed herself by washing clothes for strangers, his sister ran back and forth behind her desk at the behest of the customers, but they just did not have the strength to do any more. And the injury in Gregor's back began to hurt as much as when it was new. After they had come back from taking his father to bed Gregor's mother and sister would now leave their work where it was and sit close together, cheek to cheek; his mother would point to Gregor's room and say "Close that door, Grete", and then, when he was in the dark again, they would sit in the next room and their tears would mingle, or they would simply sit there staring dry-eyed at the table.

Korean behest: 명령. belonging: 소지품, 성질, 재산, 재능, 친척, 친숙함, 친밀감, 친밀, 부속물, 귀속 의식, 귀속. charwoman: 파출부, 잡역부, 날품팔이 여자, 빌딩의 날품팔이. cheek: 건방진 말, 볼, 뺨, 궁둥이, 측면, 에게 건방지게 말하다, 건방지게 굴다, 뻔뻔스러움, 철면피, 건방진 행위, 건방진 태도. complaint: 불평, 불평거리, 고소, 병,

투덜거림, 비난, 원고의 첫 진술, 불만, 푸념. crate: 나무틀, 자동차, 나무 상자, 대바구니, 광주리, 바구니, 나무상자에 채워 넣다, 나무 상자에 채워 넣다, 비행기, 나무 대바구니에 채워 넣다, 헌 비행기. forth: 앞으로, 밖으로, 보이는곳에, 에서 바깥에, 보이는 곳에, 이후. imaginable: 상상할 수 있는. jewellery: 보석류, 보석 장식, 보석

세공. mingle: 섞다, 섞이다, 사귀다, 어울리다, 뒤섞이다. needle: 바늘, 자극하다, 받치다, 뾰족한 바위, 바느질하다, 뜨개바늘, 괴롭히다, 나침, 지분거리다, 저울대보, 자침. washing: 세탁물, 씻겨 나온것, 빨래물, 빨래, 세탁, 세탁용의, 세광하여 채취한 사금, 씻음, 엷은 피복, 물.

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Metamorphosis

Gregor hardly slept at all, either night or day. Sometimes he would think of taking over the family's affairs, just like before, the next time the door was opened; he had long forgotten about his boss and the chief clerk, but they would appear again in his thoughts, the salesmen and the apprentices, that stupid teaboy, two or three friends from other businesses, one of the chambermaids from a provincial hotel, a tender memory that appeared and disappeared again, a cashier from a hat shop for whom his attention had been serious but too slow, all of them appeared to him, mixed together with strangers and others he had forgotten, but instead of helping him and his family they were all of them inaccessible, and he was glad when they disappeared.% Other times he was not at all in the mood to look after his family, he was filled with simple rage about the lack of attention he was shown, and although he could think of nothing he would have wanted, he made plans of how he could get into the pantry where he could take all the things he was entitled to, even if he was not hungry. Gregor's sister no longer thought about how she could please him but would hurriedly push some food or other into his room with her foot before she rushed out to work in the morning and at midday, and in the evening she would sweep it away again with the broom, indifferent as to whether it had been eaten or - more often than not - had been left totally untouched. She still cleared up the room in the evening, but now she could not have been any quicker about it. Smears of dirt were left on the walls, here and there were little balls of dust and filth. At first, Gregor went into one of the worst of these places when his sister arrived as a reproach to her, but he could have stayed there for weeks without his sister doing anything about it; she could see the dirt as well as he could but she had simply decided to leave him to it. At the same time she became touchy in a way that was quite new for her and which everyone in the family understood - cleaning up Gregor's room was for her and her alone. Gregor's mother did once thoroughly clean his room, and needed to use several bucketfuls of water to do it - although that much dampness also made Gregor ill and he lay flat on the couch, bitter and immobile. But his mother was to be punished still more for what she had done, as hardly

Korean cashier: 출납원, 면직시키다, 가까이 가기, 어려운, 가까이하기 출납계원, 징계 파면하다, 지점장, 어려운. 회계원, 은행의 지배인. indifferent: 무관심한, 공평한, 중성의, dampness: 습기, 축축함. 치우치지 않는, 개의치 않는, 평범한, dirt: 진흙, 쓰레기, 오물, 비열한 언사, 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은, 변변치 흙, 토지, 먼지, 욕, 굴욕을 참다, 않은중성의, 중립의, 중요치 않은, 폐석, 욕설. 시원치 않은. filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설. pantry: 식료품실, 가정의 식료품 inaccessible: 접근하기 어려운, 저장실, 식료품 저장실. 친해지기 어려운, 움직여 지지 않는, reproach: 불명예, 비난, 질책, 치욕, 얻기 힘든, 얻기, 도달하기, 난해한, 꾸짖다, 비난의 말, 비난하다,

책망하다, 체면을 손상시키다, 망신, 의 체면을 손상하다. sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다, 청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노, 굴뚝 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번 휘두르기, 청소. touchy: 성미까다로운, 인화성의, 다루기 힘든, 성마른, 다루기 어려운, 타기 쉬운. untouched: 언급되지 않은, 손대지 않은, 감동되지 않은, 논급되지 않은.

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had his sister arrived home in the evening than she noticed the change in Gregor's room and, highly aggrieved, ran back into the living room where, despite her mothers raised and imploring hands, she broke into convulsive tears. Her father, of course, was startled out of his chair and the two parents looked on astonished and helpless; then they, too, became agitated; Gregor's father, standing to the right of his mother, accused her of not leaving the cleaning of Gregor's room to his sister; from her left, Gregor's sister screamed at her that she was never to clean Gregor's room again; while his mother tried to draw his father, who was beside himself with anger, into the bedroom; his sister, quaking with tears, thumped on the table with her small fists; and Gregor hissed in anger that no-one had even thought of closing the door to save him the sight of this and all its noise.% Gregor's sister was exhausted from going out to work, and looking after Gregor as she had done before was even more work for her, but even so his mother ought certainly not to have taken her place. Gregor, on the other hand, ought not to be neglected. Now, though, the charwoman was here. This elderly widow, with a robust bone structure that made her able to withstand the hardest of things in her long life, wasn't really repelled by Gregor. Just by chance one day, rather than any real curiosity, she opened the door to Gregor's room and found herself face to face with him. He was taken totally by surprise, no-one was chasing him but he began to rush to and fro while she just stood there in amazement with her hands crossed in front of her. From then on she never failed to open the door slightly every evening and morning and look briefly in on him. At first she would call to him as she did so with words that she probably considered friendly, such as "come on then, you old dung- beetle!", or "look at the old dung-beetle there!" Gregor never responded to being spoken to in that way, but just remained where he was without moving as if the door had never even been opened. If only they had told this charwoman to clean up his room every day instead of letting her disturb him for no reason whenever she felt like it! One day, early in the morning while a heavy rain struck the windowpanes, perhaps indicating that spring was coming, she began to speak to him in that way once again. Gregor was so resentful of it that he started to move toward

Korean aggrieved: 고민하는, 고통받고 있는, 괴롭혀진, 권리를 침해당한, 불만을 품은, 화가 난, 기분히 상한, 학대받은. agitated: 흥분한, 동요한. amazement: 놀람, 소스라침. briefly: 간결하게, 짧게, 간단히. convulsive: 경련성의, 발작적인, 경련을 일으킨 듯한, 격동적인. curiosity: 호기심, 골동품, 진기함, 진기한 것, 신기함, 진기한것.

disturb: 방해하다, 어지럽히다, 소란하게 하다, 불안하게하다, 불안하게 하다, 소란하게하다, 교란하다, 저해하다, 침해하다. dung: 똥거름, 똥, 거름을 주다. helpless: 의지할 데 없는, 무력한, 어찌할 도리 없는, 의지할 사람이 없는, 어찌할 수 없는, 의지할 곳이 없는. imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, 탄원하는.

quaking: 떨고있는, 전율하고 있는, 흔들리는. resentful: 분개한, 성마른, 골을 잘 내는, 성 잘내는, 분개하고 있는, 원망하고 있는. robust: 튼튼한, 건장한, 억센, 강건한, 조야한, 감칠맛 있는, 강한, 격심한, 정력적인, 튼튼하게 만든, 확고한. struck: 파업으로 폐쇄된. withstand: 에 저항하다, 에 잘 견디다, 저항하다, 견디어내다, 반항하다.

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her, he was slow and infirm, but it was like a kind of attack. Instead of being afraid, the charwoman just lifted up one of the chairs from near the door and stood there with her mouth open, clearly intending not to close her mouth until the chair in her hand had been slammed down into Gregor's back. "Aren't you coming any closer, then?", she asked when Gregor turned round again, and she calmly put the chair back in the corner.% Gregor had almost entirely stopped eating. Only if he happened to find himself next to the food that had been prepared for him he might take some of it into his mouth to play with it, leave it there a few hours and then, more often than not, spit it out again. At first he thought it was distress at the state of his room that stopped him eating, but he had soon got used to the changes made there. They had got into the habit of putting things into this room that they had room for anywhere else, and there were now many such things as one of the rooms in the flat had been rented out to three gentlemen. These earnest gentlemen - all three of them had full beards, as Gregor learned peering through the crack in the door one day - were painfully insistent on things' being tidy. This meant not only in their own room but, since they had taken a room in this establishment, in the entire flat and especially in the kitchen. Unnecessary clutter was something they could not tolerate, especially if it was dirty. They had moreover brought most of their own furnishings and equipment with them. For this reason, many things had become superfluous which, although they could not be sold, the family did not wish to discard. All these things found their way into Gregor's room. The dustbins from the kitchen found their way in there too. The charwoman was always in a hurry, and anything she couldn't use for the time being she would just chuck in there. He, fortunately, would usually see no more than the object and the hand that held it. The woman most likely meant to fetch the things back out again when she had time and the opportunity, or to throw everything out in one go, but what actually happened was that they were left where they landed when they had first been thrown unless Gregor made his way through the junk and moved it somewhere else. At first he moved it because, with no other room free where he could crawl about, he was forced to,

Korean chuck: 지퍼, 음식물, 목정, 휙 던지기, 척, 가볍게 찌르기, 귀여운 것, 구! 구, 이랴! 낄낄, 포기하다, 해고 하기. clutter: 난잡, 허둥지둥 달리다, 어지럽게 흩어져 있는 것, 어지르다, 채우다, 떠들다, 혼란, 소란, 정보혼란상태 떠들다, 메우다. discard: 버림 받은 사람, 버리다, 해고하다, 요없는 패를 버리다, 가진 패를 버림, 포기, 카아드를 버리기, 버림 받은 물건, 버린 패, 버려진

물건, 버려진 사람. 허튼말, 헌신문, 쓰레기로 버리다, 못 earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심, 쓸 것. 중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한- spit: 뱉다, 내뱉듯이 말하다, 곶, 한두 성실, 엄숙한, 계약금. 송이씩 흩날리다, 꿰찌르다, 돌출한 furnishings: 복식품, 가구, 비품, 모래톱, 후두두 후두두 내리다, 비치된 가구, 건구, 가구의 설비. 성나서 그렁거림, 성나서 infirm: 약한, 허약한, 연약한, 박약한, 그르렁거리다, 제거품, 굽는 꼬챙이. 결단력없는, 가냘픈, 우유부단한. superfluous: 여분의. intending: 미래의.지망하는. tolerate: 참다, 견디다, 관대히 다루다, junk: 정크, 마약, 쓰레기, 고철, 묵인하다, 내성이 있다, 관대하게 낡은밧줄, 넌센스, 소금에 절인 고기, 다루다.

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but later on he came to enjoy it although moving about in the way left him sad and tired to death and he would remain immobile for hours afterwards.% The gentlemen who rented the room would sometimes take their evening meal at home in the living room that was used by everyone, and so the door to this room was often kept closed in the evening. But Gregor found it easy to give up having the door open, he had, after all, often failed to make use of it when it was open and, without the family having noticed it, lain in his room in its darkest corner. One time, though, the charwoman left the door to the living room slightly open, and it remained open when the gentlemen who rented the room came in in the evening and the light was put on. They sat up at the table where, formerly, Gregor had taken his meals with his father and mother, they unfolded the serviettes and picked up their knives and forks. Gregor's mother immediately appeared in the doorway with a dish of meat and soon behind her came his sister with a dish piled high with potatoes. The food was steaming, and filled the room with its smell. The gentlemen bent over the dishes set in front of them as if they wanted to test the food before eating it, and the gentleman in the middle, who seemed to count as an authority for the other two, did indeed cut off a piece of meat while it was still in its dish, clearly wishing to establish whether it was sufficiently cooked or whether it should be sent back to the kitchen. It was to his satisfaction, and Gregor's mother and sister, who had been looking on anxiously, began to breathe again and smiled. The family themselves ate in the kitchen. Nonetheless, Gregor's father came into the living room before he went into the kitchen, bowed once with his cap in his hand and did his round of the table. The gentlemen stood as one, and mumbled something into their beards. Then, once they were alone, they ate in near perfect silence. It seemed remarkable to Gregor that above all the various noises of eating their chewing teeth could still be heard, as if they had wanted to Show Gregor that you need teeth in order to eat and it was not possible to perform anything with jaws that are toothless however nice they might be. "I'd like to eat something", said Gregor anxiously, "but not anything like they're eating. They do feed themselves. And here I am, dying!"

Korean bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 가진, 활 모양의, 활 모양을 한. cap: 탈모하다, 뚜껑, 캡, 모자를 씌우다, 모자, 열다, 덮다, 최고, 다투어 끄집어 내다, 피임용 페서리, 특수한 모자. dishes: 식탁용 접시류. eating: 먹기, 식용의, 식품, 식품좀먹어들어가는, 좀먹어 들어가는, 음식, 물. feed: 공급하다, 먹이를 먹다,

만족시키다, 기르다, 공급재료, 먹을 것을 줌, 사료, 식사공급, 음식물을주다, 식사, 음식물을 주다. forks: 포크. formerly: 이전에, 전에, 먼저, 옛날에, 원래는, 지난날. gentlemen: 남자분, 신사, 아마추어 선수, 남자용 화장실, 유산 유한 계급의 사람, 귀족이 아니면서 가문을 다는 특권을 가진 사람. knives: 나이프, 칼.

meat: 고기, 식사, 음식, 살, 알맹이, 음식물, 식용 짐승고기. piled: 보풀이 있는. potatoes: 감자. rented: 임대료가 ...한. satisfaction: 사죄, 이행, 결투 신청에 응하다, 만족, 만족시키는 물건, 속죄, 사죄하다, 결투, 결투를 신청하다, 만족함, 만족을 주는 것. sufficiently: 충분히. toothless: 두한, 이없는, 효과이 없는.

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Throughout%all this time, Gregor could not remember having heard the violin being played, but this evening it began to be heard from the kitchen. The three gentlemen had already finished their meal, the one in the middle had produced a newspaper, given a page to each of the others, and now they leant back in their chairs reading them and smoking. When the violin began playing they became attentive, stood up and went on tip-toe over to the door of the hallway where they stood pressed against each other. Someone must have heard them in the kitchen, as Gregor's father called out: "Is the playing perhaps unpleasant for the gentlemen? We can stop it straight away." "On the contrary", said the middle gentleman, "would the young lady not like to come in and play for us here in the room, where it is, after all, much more cosy and comfortable?" "Oh yes, we'd love to", called back Gregor's father as if he had been the violin player himself. The gentlemen stepped back into the room and waited. Gregor's father soon appeared with the music stand, his mother with the music and his sister with the violin. She calmly prepared everything for her to begin playing; his parents, who had never rented a room out before and therefore showed an exaggerated courtesy towards the three gentlemen, did not even dare to sit on their own chairs; his father leant against the door with his right hand pushed in between two buttons on his uniform coat; his mother, though, was offered a seat by one of the gentlemen and sat - leaving the chair where the gentleman happened to have placed it - out of the way in a corner. His sister began to play; father and mother paid close attention, one on each side, to the movements of her hands. Drawn in by the playing, Gregor had dared to come forward a little and already had his head in the living room. Before, he had taken great pride in how considerate he was but now it hardly occurred to him that he had become so thoughtless about the others. What's more, there was now all the more reason to keep himself hidden as he was covered in the dust that lay everywhere in his room and flew up at the slightest movement; he carried threads, hairs, and remains of food about on his back and sides; he was much too indifferent to everything now to lay on his back and wipe himself on the carpet like he had used to do several times a day. And despite this condition,

Korean attentive: 친절한, 경청하는, 정중한, 주의깊은, 주의 깊은. carpet: 양탄자, 융단, 깔개, 풀밭, 양탄자를 깔다, 꾸짖다, 온통 깔림, 온통 뒤덮다, 꽃밭, 불러꾸짖다. cosy: 기분 좋은, 보온 커버, 있기 편한, 차양이 있는 이인용 의자. courtesy: 호의, 예의, 예의상의, 정중함, 우대, 친절, 우대의, 공손, 인사, 정중한 행위, 특별 대우. dust: 먼지, 흙, 가루, 티끌, 인체, 유해,

쓰레기, 분말, 무덤, 먼지를 떨다, 그을림, 연기 남, 담배 피우는, 김 굴욕을 받고. 나는. exaggerated: 과장된, 떠벌린, 비대한, thoughtless: 인정 없는, 경솔한, 비정상적으로 확장된, 지나친. 사려가 없는, 생각이 없는. hallway: 현관, 복도. uniform: 일정한 한결같은, 한결같은, hidden: 숨겨진, 숨은. 제복, 군인, 에게 제복을 입히다, pride: 자부, 자존심, 자랑, 자만, 만족, 불변의, 동일 표준의, 균등한, 에게 득의의 모습, 득의, 경멸, 거만, 한창, 제복을 지급하다. 자랑거리. wipe: 훔치다, 손수건, 훔치기, 닦다, smoking: 발연, 흡연, 냄, 끽연, 담배를 닦기, 닦아내다, 한번 닦기, 비비다, 피우는, 발한, 흡연 연기 나는, 빼다, 닦음, 주먹다짐.

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he was not too shy to move forward a little onto the immaculate floor of the living room.% No-one noticed him, though. The family was totally preoccupied with the violin playing; at first, the three gentlemen had put their hands in their pockets and come up far too close behind the music stand to look at all the notes being played, and they must have disturbed Gregor's sister, but soon, in contrast with the family, they withdrew back to the window with their heads sunk and talking to each other at half volume, and they stayed by the window while Gregor's father observed them anxiously. It really now seemed very obvious that they had expected to hear some beautiful or entertaining violin playing but had been disappointed, that they had had enough of the whole performance and it was only now out of politeness that they allowed their peace to be disturbed. It was especially unnerving, the way they all blew the smoke from their cigarettes upwards from their mouth and noses. Yet Gregor's sister was playing so beautifully. Her face was leant to one side, following the lines of music with a careful and melancholy expression. Gregor crawled a little further forward, keeping his head close to the ground so that he could meet her eyes if the chance came. Was he an animal if music could captivate him so? It seemed to him that he was being shown the way to the unknown nourishment he had been yearning for. He was determined to make his way forward to his sister and tug at her skirt to show her she might come into his room with her violin, as no-one appreciated her playing here as much as he would. He never wanted to let her out of his room, not while he lived, anyway; his shocking appearance should, for once, be of some use to him; he wanted to be at every door of his room at once to hiss and spit at the attackers; his sister should not be forced to stay with him, though, but stay of her own free will; she would sit beside him on the couch with her ear bent down to him while he told her how he had always intended to send her to the conservatory, how he would have told everyone about it last Christmas - had Christmas really come and gone already? - if this misfortune hadn't got in the way, and refuse to let anyone dissuade him from it. On hearing all this, his sister would break out in tears of emotion, and Gregor would climb

Korean captivate: 매혹하다, 호리다, 마음을 사로 잡다, 황홀하게 하다, 마음을 사로잡다. hiss: 쉿하다, 쉬이하다, 쉭쉭하는 소리를 내면서 나타내다, 시하고 불만의 소리를 내다, 시이시이하는 소리를 내면서 말하다, 시이시이하는 소리를 내면서 나타내다, 시이시이 하기, 스음, 슈웃하는 소리를 내다, 쉿하는 소리를 내다, 쉿하고 제지하다.

immaculate: 결점없는, 깨끗한, 여념이 없는, 선취당하고 있는, 흠없는, 깨끗한 순결한, 때 묻지 않은, 무엇인가에 마음을 빼앗기고 있는, 반점없는, 완전한, 티없는, 죄없는, 마음을 빼앗기고 있는. 오점없는, 결점이 없는. shy: 뒷걸음질, 내성적인, 냉소, melancholy: 우울, 우울한, 습관적인 겁많은, 부족한, 조심성 많은, 놀라 우울, 우울병, 체질적인 우울, 우울증. 물러서다, 홱 던지다, 을 의심하다, nourishment: 자양물, 육성, 양식, 수줍다, 을 피하다. 영양물, 영양상태양식, 음식, 음식물, sunk: 침몰된, 물밑의, 움푹한. 자양분 공급, 조성. yearning: 동경, 열망, 포부, 대망, politeness: 공손. 사모하는, 그리움, 열망하는, 간절한 preoccupied: 열중한, 선취되어 있는, 생각.

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up to her shoulder and kiss her neck, which, since she had been going out to work, she had kept free without any necklace or collar.% "Mr. Samsa!", shouted the middle gentleman to Gregor's father, pointing, without wasting any more words, with his forefinger at Gregor as he slowly moved forward. The violin went silent, the middle of the three gentlemen first smiled at his two friends, shaking his head, and then looked back at Gregor. His father seemed to think it more important to calm the three gentlemen before driving Gregor out, even though they were not at all upset and seemed to think Gregor was more entertaining that the violin playing had been. He rushed up to them with his arms spread out and attempted to drive them back into their room at the same time as trying to block their view of Gregor with his body. Now they did become a little annoyed, and it was not clear whether it was his father's behaviour that annoyed them or the dawning realisation that they had had a neighbour like Gregor in the next room without knowing it. They asked Gregor's father for explanations, raised their arms like he had, tugged excitedly at heir beards and moved back towards their room only very slowly. Meanwhile Gregor's sister had overcome the despair she had fallen into when her playing was suddenly interrupted. She had let her hands drop and let violin and bow hang limply for a while but continued to look at the music as if still playing, but then she suddenly pulled herself together, lay the instrument on her mother's lap who still sat laboriously struggling for breath where she was, and ran into the next room which, under pressure from her father, the three gentlemen were more quickly moving toward. Under his sister's experienced hand, the pillows and covers on the beds flew up and were put into order and she had already finished making the beds and slipped out again before the three gentlemen had reached the room. Gregor's father seemed so obsessed with what he was doing that he forgot all the respect he owed to his tenants. He urged them and pressed them until, when he was already at the door of the room, the middle of the three gentlemen shouted like thunder and stamped his foot and thereby brought Gregor's father to a halt. "I declare here and now", he said, raising his hand and glancing at Gregor's mother and sister to gain their attention too, "that with regard to the repugnant conditions that prevail in this flat and with this family" -

Korean attempted: 미수의, 기도한. dawning: 동쪽, 새벽, 여명, 동녁, 조짐, 징조, 출현, 새벽녘, 시작, 여명기. declare: 언명하다, 선언하다, 성명하다, 신고하다, 공언하다, 언명해 놓고 그만두다, 신고하다공언하다, 단언하다, 나타내다, 알리다, 포고하다. forefinger: 집게손가락, 집게 손가락. glancing: 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 넌지시

빗대는, 맞고 빗나가는, 번쩍이는, 번뜩이는. heir: 후계자, 계승자, 사자, 상속인, 후계하다, 남자 상속인. laboriously: 부지런한, 힘드는. limply: 맥빠지게, 생기없이, 흐느적거리며. necklace: 목걸이, 교수용 밧줄, 네크리스, 목을 달아매는 끈. prevail: 이기다, 우세하다, 설복하다, 유행되다, 잘 되다, 설득하다.

repugnant: 모순된, 일치하지 않는, 반항하는, 지겨운, 반감을 가지는, 반감을 가진, 불유쾌한, 비위에 맞지 않는, 아주 싫은, 적의를 품은, 질색인. thunder: 위협, 우레, 천둥, 비난, 호통, 장기를 가로채다, 요란한 울림, 천둥치다, 위협하다, 호통치다, 요란한 소리를 내다. wasting: 소모성의, 황폐하게 하는, 낭비.

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here he looked briefly but decisively at the floor - "I give immediate notice on my room. For the days that I have been living here I will, of course, pay nothing at all, on the contrary I will consider whether to proceed with some kind of action for damages from you, and believe me it would be very easy to set out the grounds for such an action." He was silent and looked straight ahead as if waiting for something. And indeed, his two friends joined in with the words: "And we also give immediate notice." With that, he took hold of the door handle and slammed the door.% Gregor's father staggered back to his seat, feeling his way with his hands, and fell into it; it looked as if he was stretching himself out for his usual evening nap but from the uncontrolled way his head kept nodding it could be seen that he was not sleeping at all. Throughout all this, Gregor had lain still where the three gentlemen had first seen him. His disappointment at the failure of his plan, and perhaps also because he was weak from hunger, made it impossible for him to move. He was sure that everyone would turn on him any moment, and he waited. He was not even startled out of this state when the violin on his mother's lap fell from her trembling fingers and landed loudly on the floor. "Father, Mother", said his sister, hitting the table with her hand as introduction, "we can't carry on like this. Maybe you can't see it, but I can. I don't want to call this monster my brother, all I can say is: we have to try and get rid of it. We've done all that's humanly possible to look after it and be patient, I don't think anyone could accuse us of doing anything wrong." "She's absolutely right", said Gregor's father to himself. His mother, who still had not had time to catch her breath, began to cough dully, her hand held out in front of her and a deranged expression in her eyes. Gregor's sister rushed to his mother and put her hand on her forehead. Her words seemed to give Gregor's father some more definite ideas. He sat upright, played with his uniform cap between the plates left by the three gentlemen after their meal, and occasionally looked down at Gregor as he lay there immobile. "We have to try and get rid of it", said Gregor's sister, now speaking only to her father, as her mother was too occupied with coughing to listen, "it'll be the

Korean cough: 기침, 기침하다, 불연소음을 내다, 을 마지못해 건네다, 을 마지못해 털어놓다, 기침병, 죄를 자백하다, 기침소리, 불연소음, 기침 소리를 내다, 헛기침하다. damages: 손해액. decisively: 결정적으로, 단호하게. definite: 명확한, 뚜렷한, 일정한, 한정된, 한정하는. deranged: 혼란된, 미친. dully: 둔하게, 멍청하게, 느리게,

지루하게, 활발치 못하게, 느럭느럭. forehead: 이마, 전부, 앞부분, 부분, 앞 부분. humanly: 인간답게, 인정상으로, 경험으로, 인정에서, 인력으로, 인간적 견지에서, 인간적 견지에. lap: 무릎, 싸다, 핥다, 기르는 환경, 한바퀴 돌다, 아랫자락, 기꺼이 듣다, 접어겹치다, 한번감기, 처진 부분, 무릎부분. monster: 괴물, 거수, 도깨비, 거대한,

악독한 사람, 악독한 사람-거대한, 괴상한 모양을 한 것, 극악 무도한 사람, 슈퍼스타 가수, 신경 중추에 작용하는 마약. nap: 보풀, 선잠, 낮잠, 이길 말이 라고 지목하다, 필승마, 졸면서보내다, 잠깐 졸다, 선잠자다, 겉잠, 보풀을 세우다, 잠깐자다. occasionally: 가끔, 이따금, 때때로. uncontrolled: 자유로운, 억제되지 않은, 억제 되지 않은.

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death of both of you, I can see it coming. We can't all work as hard as we have to and then come home to be tortured like this, we can't endure it. I can't endure it any more." And she broke out so heavily in tears that they flowed down the face of her mother, and she wiped them away with mechanical hand movements. "My child", said her father with sympathy and obvious understanding, "what are we to do?" His sister just shrugged her shoulders as a sign of the helplessness that had taken hold of her, displacing her earlier certainly when she had broken into tears.% "If he could just understand us", said his father almost as a question; his sister shook her hand vigorously through her tears as a sign that of that there was no question. "If he could just understand us", repeated Gregor's father, closing his eyes in acceptance of his sister's certainty that that was quite impossible, "then perhaps we could come to some kind of arrangement with him. But as it is ..." "It's got to go", shouted his sister, "that's the only way, Father. You've got to get rid of the idea that that's Gregor. We've only harmed ourselves by believing it for so long. How can that be Gregor? If it were Gregor he would have seen long ago that it's not possible for human beings to live with an animal like that and he would have gone of his own free will. We wouldn't have a brother any more, then, but we could carry on with our lives and remember him with respect. As it is this animal is persecuting us, it's driven out our tenants, it obviously wants to take over the whole flat and force us to sleep on the streets. Father, look, just look", she suddenly screamed, "he's starting again!" In her alarm, which was totally beyond Gregor's comprehension, his sister even abandoned his mother as she pushed herself vigorously out of her chair as if more willing to sacrifice her own mother than stay anywhere near Gregor. She rushed over to behind her father, who had become excited merely because she was and stood up half raising his hands in front of Gregor's sister as if to protect her. But Gregor had had no intention of frightening anyone, least of all his sister. All he had done was begin to turn round so that he could go back into his room,

Korean acceptance: 어음의 인수, 수령, 수락, 수납. alarm: 경보, 놀람, 경보기, 자명종, 공포, 놀란, 공보, 일보 내딛고 하는 도전, 놀라운, 경보를 전하다. believing: 믿음이 있는, 백문이 불여 일견, 보는것보다 확실한 것은 없다, 빈음, 신앙심 있는. certainty: 확실성, 확신, 확실한 것, 필연적인사물, 객관적 확실성, 확실한 일.

closing: 마감, 폐쇄, 마지막의, 종결, 결산, 결산의, 폐점, 마감하는, 밀폐, 폐회의, 종장의. comprehension: 이해, 포함, 함축, 이해력, 포용력, 포용주의, 내포. endure: 지탱하다, 견디다, 참다, 겪다, 인내하다, 받다, 받다-인내하다, 허용하다. excited: 흥분한, 흥분한 활발한, 여기한, 여기 상태의. mechanical: 기계의, 물리적인, 기계에

의한, 기계학의, 기게학의, 기계적인, 기계역학의, 기계상의, 직공의. repeated: 되풀이된, 거듭된. rid: 제거하다, 면하다, 치우다, 구하다, 벗어나다, 끝마치다, 없애다, 으로부터 자유롭게하다, 면하게하다, 구축하다. sympathy: 동정, 공명, 교감, 동조, 연민, 일치, 조화, 찬성, 동의, 동감, 감웅성. vigorously: 원기있게.

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although that was in itself quite startling as his pain-wracked condition meant that turning round required a great deal of effort and he was using his head to help himself do it, repeatedly raising it and striking it against the floor. He stopped and looked round. They seemed to have realised his good intention and had only been alarmed briefly. Now they all looked at him in unhappy silence. His mother lay in her chair with her legs stretched out and pressed against each other, her eyes nearly closed with exhaustion; his sister sat next to his father with her arms around his neck.% "Maybe now they'll let me turn round", thought Gregor and went back to work. He could not help panting loudly with the effort and had sometimes to stop and take a rest. No- one was making him rush any more, everything was left up to him. As soon as he had finally finished turning round he began to move straight ahead. He was amazed at the great distance that separated him from his room, and could not understand how he had covered that distance in his weak state a little while before and almost without noticing it. He concentrated on crawling as fast as he could and hardly noticed that there was not a word, not any cry, from his family to distract him. He did not turn his head until he had reached the doorway. He did not turn it all the way round as he felt his neck becoming stiff, but it was nonetheless enough to see that nothing behind him had changed, only his sister had stood up. With his last glance he saw that his mother had now fallen completely asleep. He was hardly inside his room before the door was hurriedly shut, bolted and locked. The sudden noise behind Gregor so startled him that his little legs collapsed under him. It was his sister who had been in so much of a rush. She had been standing there waiting and sprung forward lightly, Gregor had not heard her coming at all, and as she turned the key in the lock she said loudly to her parents "At last!" "What now, then?" Gregor asked himself as he looked round in the darkness. He soon made the discovery that he could no longer move at all. This was no surprise to him, it seemed rather that being able to actually move around on

Korean alarmed: 불안해 하는, 겁 먹은, 깜짝 철저한 연구, 철저한 검토, 다 써버림, 놀란. 배기. concentrated: 집중된, 농축한, 응집된, glance: 빗나가다 흘긋 돌리다, 훑어 집중한. 보다, 잠깐 언급되다, 잠깐 보아서, darkness: 어둠, 암흑, 무지, 설명, 흘긋 봄, 일견하다, 흘긋 돌리다, 애매, 불명료, 맹목, 흑심. 스치고 지나가 다, 흘긋, 일견, 번쩍 discovery: 발견물, 발견, 발표 요구 빛나다. 수속, 줄거리의 전개. lightly: 가볍게, 명랑하게, 부드럽게, distract: 딴 데로 돌리다, 착란시키다, 쉽사리, 민첩하게, 경솔히, 사뿐히, 어지럽히다, 괴롭히다, 빗가게 하다. 약간, 얕게, 홀가분하게, 조용히. exhaustion: 피로, 고갈, 소모, 배출, repeatedly: 되풀이하여, 재삼재사,

여러 차례, 되풀이해서. rush: 돌진시키다, 돌진, 등심초, 돌진하다, 골풀, 돌격하다, 쇄도, 돌격, 하찮은 물건, 쇄도하다, 급행하다. sprung: 얼근한. startling: 놀랄 만한, 기겁하게 하는. striking: 치는, 파업중인, 인상적인, 현저한, 두드러진, 눈에 띄는. unhappy: 불행한, 부적당한, 적절하지 못한, 계제 나쁜.

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those spindly little legs until then was unnatural. He also felt relatively comfortable. It is true that his entire body was aching, but the pain seemed to be slowly getting weaker and weaker and would finally disappear altogether. He could already hardly feel the decayed apple in his back or the inflamed area around it, which was entirely covered in white dust. He thought back of his family with emotion and love. If it was possible, he felt that he must go away even more strongly than his sister. He remained in this state of empty and peaceful rumination until he heard the clock tower strike three in the morning. He watched as it slowly began to get light everywhere outside the window too. Then, without his willing it, his head sank down completely, and his last breath flowed weakly from his nostrils.% When the cleaner came in early in the morning - they'd often asked her not to keep slamming the doors but with her strength and in her hurry she still did, so that everyone in the flat knew when she'd arrived and from then on it was impossible to sleep in peace - she made her usual brief look in on Gregor and at first found nothing special. She thought he was laying there so still on purpose, playing the martyr; she attributed all possible understanding to him. She happened to be holding the long broom in her hand, so she tried to tickle Gregor with it from the doorway. When she had no success with that she tried to make a nuisance of herself and poked at him a little, and only when she found she could shove him across the floor with no resistance at all did she start to pay attention. She soon realised what had really happened, opened her eyes wide, whistled to herself, but did not waste time to yank open the bedroom doors and shout loudly into the darkness of the bedrooms: "Come and 'ave a look at this, it's dead, just lying there, stone dead!" Mr. and Mrs. Samsa sat upright there in their marriage bed and had to make an effort to get over the shock caused by the cleaner before they could grasp what she was saying. But then, each from his own side, they hurried out of bed. Mr. Samsa threw the blanket over his shoulders, Mrs. Samsa just came out in her nightdress; and that is how they went into Gregor's room. On the way they opened the door to the living room where Grete had been sleeping since the

Korean aching: 쑤시는, 아픈. decayed: 부식하는. disappear: 소실하다, 소멸하다, 안 보이게 되다, 사라지다. emotion: 감동, 정서, 감정. inflamed: 염증을 일으킨, 충혈한, 얼굴이 빨개진, 흥분한. martyr: 순교자, 박해하다, 죽이다, 으로 괴로워하는 사람, 질병 따위로 늘 고민하는 사람, 늘 고민하는 사람, 불운 따위로 늘 고민하는 사람, 신앙

때문에 죽이다, 주의 때문에 죽이다. 자연적인 인정에 배치되는, 자연적인 nightdress: 잠옷. 본성에 배치되는, 자연적인 천성에 rumination: 반추, 심사숙고, 생각에 배치되는, 꾸민 티가 나는. 잠김, 숙고의 결과, 묵상. weakly: 약한, 병약한 약하게, 허약한, spindly: 껑충한, 가늘고 긴. 갸날프게, 우유부단하게, 약하게, tickle: 간질이다, 가볍게 대다, 즐겁게 물기 많게, 무기력하게, 가냘프게, 하다, 재미나게하다, 손으로 잡다, 묽게, 병약한. 간질이기, 간질거리다, 간지러움, yank: 확 잡아당기다, 미국 사람, 홱 간지럽다, 간질간질하다, 간지럼. 잡아당기다, 홱 잡아당겨 …의 상태로 unnatural: 부자연한, 보통이아닌, 하다, 홱 당기다, 홱 잡아당김, 실책 인도에 어긋나는, 이상한, 몰인정한, 등으로 피처를 교체시키다, 양키.

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three gentlemen had moved in; she was fully dressed as if she had never been asleep, and the paleness of her face seemed to confirm this. "Dead?", asked Mrs. Samsa, looking at the charwoman enquiringly, even though she could have checked for herself and could have known it even without checking. "That's what I said," replied the cleaner, and to prove it she gave Gregor's body another shove with the broom, sending it sideways across the floor. Mrs. Samsa made a movement as if she wanted to hold back the broom, but did not complete it. "Now then", said Mr. Samsa, "let's give thanks to God for that". He crossed himself, and the three women followed his example.% Grete, who had not taken her eyes from the corpse, said: "Just look how thin he was. He didn't eat anything for so long. The food came out again just the same as when it went in". Gregor's body was indeed completely dried up and flat, they had not seen it until then, but now he was not lifted up on his little legs, nor did he do anything to make them look away. "Grete, come with us in here for a little while", said Mrs. Samsa with a pained smile, and Grete followed her parents into the bedroom but not without looking back at the body. The cleaner shut the door and opened the window wide. Although it was still early in the morning the fresh air had something of warmth mixed in with it. It was already the end of March, after all. The three gentlemen stepped out of their room and looked round in amazement for their breakfasts; they had been forgotten about. "Where is our breakfast?" the middle gentleman asked the cleaner irritably. She just put her finger on her lips and made a quick and silent sign to the men that they might like to come into Gregor's room. They did so, and stood around Gregor's corpse with their hands in the pockets of their well-worn coats. It was now quite light in the room. Then the door of the bedroom opened and Mr. Samsa appeared in his uniform with his wife on one arm and his daughter on the other. All of them had been crying a little; Grete now and then pressed her face against her father's arm. "Leave my home. Now!" said Mr. Samsa, indicating the door and without letting the women from him. "What do you mean?" asked the middle of the

Korean checked: 체크 무늬의, 바둑판 무늬의, 바둑판무늬의. cleaner: 청소기, 세제, 청소부, 세탁소, 세탁소 주인, 깨끗하게 하는 사람, 클리너, 진공청소기, 청소 작업원, 청소하는 사람, 세탁기술사. confirm: 확인하다, 추인하다, 견진례를 베풀다, 견고히 하다, 굳게하다, 확립하다, 강하게하다, 확실하게하다, 확증하다, 확실하게 하다.

corpse: 시체, 송장. crossed: 횡선을 그은, 십자모양으로 놓은, 열십자로 된, 방해된, 방해되는, 교차한, 교차된, 가로 세로로 글씨를 쓴, 교차. dressed: 요리 준비가 된, 옷을 입은, 과거분사, 손질을 한. dried: 건조한. forgotten: 망각된. irritably: 과민한, 성마른, 자극 반응력이 있는, 성 잘 내는, 염증을 잘

일으키는. pained: 아파하는, 감정이 상한, 싱처 입은, 화난. paleness: 창백. sideways: 옆으로, 옆의, 비스듬히 옆의, 비스듬한, 샛길. warmth: 따뜻함, 흥분, 열심, 화, 온정, 온기, 격렬함, 온난, 따뜻한 느낌, 동정, 격앙. well-worn: 진부한, 써서 낡은, 닳아빠진, 평범한.

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three%gentlemen somewhat disconcerted, and he smiled sweetly. The other two held their hands behind their backs and continually rubbed them together in gleeful anticipation of a loud quarrel which could only end in their favour. "I mean just what I said", answered Mr. Samsa, and, with his two companions, went in a straight line towards the man. At first, he stood there still, looking at the ground as if the contents of his head were rearranging themselves into new positions. "Alright, we'll go then", he said, and looked up at Mr. Samsa as if he had been suddenly overcome with humility and wanted permission again from Mr. Samsa for his decision. Mr. Samsa merely opened his eyes wide and briefly nodded to him several times. At that, and without delay, the man actually did take long strides into the front hallway; his two friends had stopped rubbing their hands some time before and had been listening to what was being said. Now they jumped off after their friend as if taken with a sudden fear that Mr. Samsa might go into the hallway in front of them and break the connection with their leader. Once there, all three took their hats from the stand, took their sticks from the holder, bowed without a word and left the premises. Mr. Samsa and the two women followed them out onto the landing; but they had had no reason to mistrust the men' intentions and as they leaned over the landing they saw how the three gentlemen made slow but steady progress down the many steps. As they turned the corner on each floor they disappeared and would reappear a few moments later; the further down they went, the more that the Samsa family lost interest in them; when a butcher's boy, proud of posture with his tray on his head, passed them on his way up and came nearer than they were, Mr. Samsa and the women came away from the landing and went, as if relieved, back into the flat. They decided the best way to make use of that day was for relaxation and to go for a walk; not only had they earned a break from work but they were in serious need of it. So they sat at the table and wrote three letters of excusal, Mr. Samsa to his employers, Mrs. Samsa to her contractor and Grete to her principal. The cleaner came in while they were writing to tell them she was going, she'd finished her work for that morning. The three of them at first just nodded without looking up from what they were writing, and it was only when the

Korean anticipation: 예기, 예상, 예방, 미리 씀 앞지름, 추측, 선행음, 선손 쓰기, 미리 씀, 앞지름. butcher's: 푸줏간, 정육점. continually: 빈번히, 줄곧, 계속해서, 끊임없이, 계속적으로. contractor: 수축근, 청부인, 계약자, 토건업자, 도급자. disconcerted: 당혹한, 당황한. gleeful: 즐거운, 매우 기뻐하는, 흥겨운, 기분이 썩 좋은, 대단히

기분이 좋은, 유쾌한, 매우 기쁜. 말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, holder: 소유자, 받치는 것, 보유자. 불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 싸움하다, humility: 겸손, 겸허. 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 원인. mistrust: 신용하지 않다, 의심하다, reappear: 재현하다, 재발하다, 다시 추측하다, 불신, 불신용. 나타나다. posture: 상태, 자세, 인 체하다, rubbing: 마사지, 마찰, 탁본, 안마, 자세를 취하다, 형세, 태도, 젠체하다, 연마, 문지름, 탑본, 비명 따위의 신체의 자세, 어떤 자세를 취하다, 탑본, 문지르기. 어떤 태도를 취하다, 어떤 특정한 sweetly: 상냥하게, 달게, 귀엽게, 자세. 향기롭게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 잘 quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, 들어, 아름답게.

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cleaner still did not seem to want to leave that they looked up in irritation. "Well?", asked Mr. Samsa. The charwoman stood in the doorway with a smile on her face as if she had some tremendous good news to report, but would only do it if she was clearly asked to. The almost vertical little ostrich feather on her hat, which had been source of irritation to Mr. Samsa all the time she had been working for them, swayed gently in all directions. "What is it you want then?", asked Mrs. Samsa, whom the cleaner had the most respect for. "Yes", she answered, and broke into a friendly laugh that made her unable to speak straight away, "well then, that thing in there, you needn't worry about how you're going to get rid of it. That's all been sorted out." Mrs. Samsa and Grete bent down over their letters as if intent on continuing with what they were writing; Mr. Samsa saw that the cleaner wanted to start describing everything in detail but, with outstretched hand, he made it quite clear that she was not to. So, as she was prevented from telling them all about it, she suddenly remembered what a hurry she was in and, clearly peeved, called out "Cheerio then, everyone", turned round sharply and left, slamming the door terribly as she went.% "Tonight she gets sacked", said Mr. Samsa, but he received no reply from either his wife or his daughter as the charwoman seemed to have destroyed the peace they had only just gained. They got up and went over to the window where they remained with their arms around each other. Mr. Samsa twisted round in his chair to look at them and sat there watching for a while. Then he called out: "Come here, then. Let's forget about all that old stuff, shall we. Come and give me a bit of attention". The two women immediately did as he said, hurrying over to him where they kissed him and hugged him and then they quickly finished their letters. After that, the three of them left the flat together, which was something they had not done for months, and took the tram out to the open country outside the town. They had the tram, filled with warm sunshine, all to themselves. Leant back comfortably on their seats, they discussed their prospects and found that on closer examination they were not at all bad - until then they had never asked each other about their work but all three had jobs which were very good and held particularly good promise for the future. The greatest improvement for the time being, of course, would be achieved quite

Korean comfortably: 기분좋게, 안락하게, 부족함이 없이. feather: 깃털, 깃털이 나다, 날개처럼 움직이다, 깃으로 장식하다, 깃털 같이 난 털, 상태, 조류, 종류, 페더링, 항적, 살깃. hurry: 서두르다, 서두름, 허둥대어, 급함, 서두르게하다, 쉽사리, 서두를 필요, 사구, 서두르게 하다, 진음곡, 열심. intent: 의미, 의지, 열심인, 취지, 목적,

의향, 사실상, 열중하여, 집중된, 지독하게, 심하게. 여념이 없는, 여념없는. tram: 궤도, 광차, 시가전차, 석탄차, irritation: 자극, 염증, 성남, 아픔, 시가 전차, 정확힌 조정, 운반차, 짜증, 화냄, 짜증나게 함, 화, 전차로 가다, 타원 컴퍼스, 광차로 자극하는것, 짜증나는것, 성나게 함. 나르다, 전차로 나르다. ostrich: 타조, 현실 도피자, 레아. twisted: 일그러진, 황홀해진, 꼬인, peeved: 짱증나게 하는, 초조하게 술취한, 비틀어진. 하는. vertical: 연직의, 정점의, 수직선, sunshine: 햇빛, 맑은 날씨, 명랑, 천정의, 수직의, 대정의, 정상의, 양지, 쾌활. 세로, 종으로 연결한, 수직재, terribly: 무섭게, 무시무시하게, 몹시, 수직선면.

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easily %by moving house; what they needed now was a flat that was smaller and cheaper than the current one which had been chosen by Gregor, one that was in a better location and, most of all, more practical. All the time, Grete was becoming livelier. With all the worry they had been having of late her cheeks had become pale, but, while they were talking, Mr. and Mrs. Samsa were struck, almost simultaneously, with the thought of how their daughter was blossoming into a well-built and beautiful young lady. They became quieter. Just from each other's glance and almost without knowing it they agreed that it would soon be time to find a good man for her. And, as if in confirmation of their new dreams and good intentions, as soon as they reached their destination Grete was the first to get up and stretch out her young body.

Korean cheeks: 측면, 궁둥이. confirmation: 확인, 확정, 확증, 견진성사, 확립, 증언, 증거, 비준, 견고하게함, 시인, 견진 성사. destination: 목적지, 보낼 곳, 목적, 대상. flat: 노골적인, 맛없는, 김빠진, 광택없는, 단조로운, 편평한, 불경기의, 납작한, 납죽엎드린, 공기가빠진, 평평하게. knowing: 멋진, 빈틈 없는, 아는

체하는, 알고 있는, 지식, 멋있는, stretch: 기지개를 켜다, 펴다, 뻗다, 사물을 아는, 앎, 잘 알고 있는, 모자 펴지다, 펼치다, 뻗치다, 억지로 갖다 따위 멋있는, 빈틈없는. 붙이다, 잡아당기다, 에 미치다, location: 위치, 로케이션, 야외촬영, 손발을 뻗다, 긴장. 야외 촤영, 야외 촤영지, 위치의 선정. well-built: 체격이 훌륭한, 잘 세워진, pale: 창백한, 창백하게 하다, 엷게 체격이 좋은. 하다, 어슴푸레한, 엷은, 경계, worry: 걱정, 근심, 괴로워하다, 창백해지다, 한계, 중앙의 세로줄 물어뜯어 괴롭히다, 괴롭히다, 고생, 무늬, 어둠침침한, 약한. 걱정하다, 걱정시키다, 동물을 quieter: 방음 장치. 물어뜯어 괴롭히다, 물고 흔들다, simultaneously: 동시의. 풀려고 애쓰다.

Franz Kafka

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GLOSSARY abandoned: 버림받은, 방탕한, 파렴치한, 자포자기한, 쟈유 분방한 ability: 능력, 재능, 수완, 유자격 abruptly: 갑자기, 충격적으로, 무뚝뚝하게, 뜻밖에, 돌연적, 퉁명스럽게 absolutely: 그래, 아주 맞았어, 절대적으로, 정말 그래, 전혀, 전적으로, 독립하여 accept: 받아들이다, 용인하다, 떠맡다, 수락하다, 인수하다, 인정하다, 해석하다, 순응하다 acceptance: 어음의 인수, 수령, 수락, 수납 accurately: 정확히, 정밀하게, 정밀히, 정확하게 accuse: 고발하다, 고소하다, 비난하다, 책하다 accused: 피고인, 피의자, 고발 당한, 고소 당한 aching: 쑤시는, 아픈 acquired: 획득한, 습득한, 후천적인 add: 더하다, 가산하다, 늘다, 더해지다, 덧셈을 하다, 부언하다, 산입하다, 첨가하다, 합치다 address: 연설, 청원, 구혼, 제언, 주소, 인사, 수신인 이름.주소, 수신인 이름, 인사말, 사무 능력, 본격적으로 착수하다 adhesive: 점착성의, 잘 들러붙는, 반창고, 점착성이 있는 것, 접착성의 접착성의 물질, 끈끈한 adjoining: 인접하는, 부근의, 인접한, 이웃의 admit: 허락하다, 들이다, 인정하다, 승인하다, 입장을 허용하다, 수용할 수 있다, 고백하다, 여지가 있다, 에 들어갈 수단이 되다, 수용하다, 넣다 advantage: 유리, 이익, 편의, 강점, 이점, 유리한 점, 우월, 듀스 후 일점의 득점, 편리 advice: 조언, 통지, 충고, 의견. 보고, 의견, 보고, 안내 advise: 충고하다, 조언하다, 알리다, 통지하다, 통고하다, 의논하다,

권하다, 상담하다 affairs: 상황, 정사 affection: 애정, 영향, 병, 감정, 특성, 성질, 호의, 기질, 감동 afraid: 두려워하여, 근심하여, 걱정하여, 유감으로 생각하다, 염려하여, 싫어하여 afterwards: 나중에, 후에 aggrieved: 고민하는, 고통받고 있는, 괴롭혀진, 권리를 침해당한, 불만을 품은, 화가 난, 기분히 상한, 학대받은 agitated: 흥분한, 동요한 ago: 전에, 지금부터 전에, 현재를 기준으로 과거를 가르키는 표현 agree: 일치하다, 동의하다, 찬성하다, 합의에 달하다, 맞다, 합치하다, 합의에 도달하다, 합의 하다, 의견이 일치하다, 부합하다, 마음이 맞다 agreed: 동의하여, 일치한, 협정한 ahead: 앞서서, 앞질러, 나아가, 이겨, 우세하여, 앞으로, 앞에, 암페타민 상용자, 앞쪽에 aim: 겨누다, 노리다, 뜻하다, 목표로 하다, 할 작정이다, 겨냥, 겨냥하다, 목적, 목표 삼다, 빗대어 말하다 air: 공기, 대기, 산들바람, 선율, 모양, 노래, 공중, 하늘, 태도, 가락, 외양 alarm: 경보, 놀람, 경보기, 자명종, 공포, 놀란, 공보, 일보 내딛고 하는 도전, 놀라운, 경보를 전하다 alarmed: 불안해 하는, 겁 먹은, 깜짝 놀란 albeit: 에도 불구하고, 임에도 불구하고 alert: 경계, 방심 않는, 민활한, 경계경보, 경보, 기민한 all-important: 가장 중요한, 아주 중요한 allow: 허용하다, 인정하다, 참작하다, 할인하다, 학자.수당을 주다, 수당을 주다, 학자, 이라고 생각하다, 공제하다, 사정 등을 참작하다, 을 지급하다 allowed: 허용된, 양자수의 변화를

포함한 alone: 혼자, 단지, 홀로, 자기 혼자서, 고독한, 단독으로 along: 을 끼고, 을 따라, 을 따라서, 이쪽으로, 로 따라서, 앞으로, 데리고, 가까워져서, 계속 앞으로, 약, 지나서 alright: 오케이, 다 좋아 altogether: 전부해서, 아주전혀, 대체로-전체적 효과, 벌거숭이, 요컨대, 전체, 전혀, 다 합하여 amazed: 놀란 amazement: 놀람, 소스라침 amount: 총액, 합계, 한가지이다, 총계, 원리 합계, 양 결국, 결국 이 되다, 결같다-합계, 같다, 총계 이 되다, 총계...이 되다 ancient: 옛날의, 고래의, 늙은, 고대의, 기수, 헌, 구식의, 노령의 anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번 anger: 화, 성, 노염, 노여움, 분노, 성나게 하다 angry: 성난, 성나있는, 몹시쑤시는, 타는 듯한, 험한, 염증을 일으킨 animal: 동물, 짐승, 금수, 동물성의, 짐승 같은 인간, 동물적인, 동물적 요소, 동물성질의, 동물의 anna: 아니, 여자 이름, 안나 announcement: 발표, 청첩장, 짧게 알리는 말, 공고, 가진 패를 보이기 annoyed: 괴로운 answer: 대답하다, 일치하다, 책임을 지다, 풀다, 응하다, 부합하다, 대답, 해답, 고개를 끄덕여 대답하다, 성공하다, 보증하다 answering: 상응하는, 응답의 anticipation: 예기, 예상, 예방, 미리 씀 앞지름, 추측, 선행음, 선손 쓰기, 미리 씀, 앞지름 anxiety: 걱정, 불안, 열망, 근심, 걱정거리, 염원 anxious: 하고 싶어하는, 불안한, 걱정스러운, 열망하는, 열망하여, 걱정하는 anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여,

56 걱정하여 anyone: 누군가, 누구도, 누구라도, 누구든지 anyway: 여하튼, 어쨌든, 어떻게 해서든, 아무렇게나, 아무리 해도, 어떻게 해서든지 anywhere: 어디에든, 어디에나, 어디엔가, 대체로, 아무데도, 어딘가에, 어딘가로, 어디든지, 다소라도, 어디로든지 apart: 떨어져, 대들다, 산산이, 떨어져서, 별개로 appear: 나타나다, 같다, 공표하다, 보이다, 출두하다, 나오다, 분명하다, 인 듯하다 appearance: 외관, 출현, 모양, 출두, 유령, 발간, 상황, 등장, 현상, 곡두, 형세 체면상 apple: 사과, 야구공, 대도시, 실망거리, 지구소돔의 사과, 애플 appreciation: 감사, 감상, 평가, 인식, 가격의증가, 진가의인정, 진가를 인정함, 등귀, 진가 appropriate: 적당한, 특유한, 돌리다, 도용하다, 착복하다, 고유의, 충당하다, 계상하다, 지출을 승인하다, 전유하다 approved: 인가된, 입증된, 승인된, 공인의, 공인된, 정평있는 arc: 호, 전호, 아크, 아아크 arduous: 험악한, 부지런한, 힘드는, 어려운, 험한, 분투적인 aren't: 단축형 arm: 팔, 무기, 문장, 군사, 명과, 까치발, 병기, 후미, 팔걸이, 팔 보양의 것, 큰 가지 armchair: 안락의자, 실제 경험에 의하지 않은, 경험에 의하지 않은 arms: 무기, 팔, 힘, 전투 무장시키다, 권력, 앞다리, 문장, 군사 army: 육군, 군대, 큰 무리, 큰 무리떼, 단체 arrange: 배열하다, 조정하다, 정리하다, 가지런히 하다, 준비하다, 마련하다, 미리 가지런히 하다, 해결하다, 처리하다-타합하다, 계획하다, 가지런히하다 arrangement: 준비, 각색, 정돈, 화해, 정리, 배치, 배열, 편곡, 협정 arrive: 도착하다, 명성을얻다, 달하다, 도달하다, 태어나다, 성공하다, 일어나다 aside: 떨어져서-방백, 옆에, 떼어서, 독백, 곁으로, 곁에, 방백, 별도로 하고, 생각하지 않고, 따로 두고 ask: 청구하다, 초청하다, 결혼예고를발표하다, 묻다, 물어보다, 부탁하다, 필요로하다, 청하다, 세평을 묻다, 의뢰하다,

Metamorphosis 초대하다 asleep: 잠들어, 활발치않아서, 마비되어, 팽이가서서, 영면하여, 죽어, 자서, 저려 assistant: 보조의, 조수, 점원, 대리자, 부, 보좌의, 보조, 보좌하는 것 assuming: 건방진, 주제넘는, 주제넘은 assure: 보증하다, 납득시키다, 보험에 넣다, 안심시키다, 확신시키다, 확실히하다, 납득하다, 확실하게 하다, 보험을 걸다 asthma: 천식 astonished: 놀란 attack: 습격하다, 공격하다, 침범하다, 착수하다, 공격, 습격, 발성, 발성법, 발음, 발음법, 개시 attempted: 미수의, 기도한 attention: 주의, 친절, 정중, 정중한, 보살핌, 주의력, 고려, 응급치료, 배려, 처리, 차려 자세 attentive: 친절한, 경청하는, 정중한, 주의깊은, 주의 깊은 attract: 끌다, 끌어당기다, 유혹하다, 매혹하다, 유인하다, 유치하다 austere: 극도로간결한, 떫은, 신, 엄격한, 가혹한, 금욕적인, 남풍, 내핍의 authority: 권위, 당국, 권위자, 권한, 대가, 권력, 권능, 관례, 판결례, 교권 ave: 안녕, 어서 오세요, 어서 아하새요 avoid: 피하다, 회피하다, 무효, 무효로 하다, 기피 awake: 깨우다, 일으키다, 깨다, 깨닫다, 방심 않는, 잘 알아채서, 깨어서, 자각시키다-눈뜨다, 자각시키다, 눈뜨다, 분기하다깨어서 aware: 알아차리고, 깨닫고, 빈틈없는, 한 의식이 있는 awful: 무서운, 대단한, 장엄한, 굉장한, 두려운, 무섭다, 몹시, 경외심을 일으키게 하는 awkwardly: 어색하게, 꼴사납게, 서투르게, 이상하게 awoke: 깨우다의 과거분사 backwards: 뒤로, 거꾸로, 뒤쪽으로, 퇴보하여, 후방으로, 역행하여, 역으로, 뒤로 향하여, 거슬러 올라가서 bad: 나쁜, 심한, 불길한, 악운, 불량한, 부정한, 시원치 않은, 악성의, 나쁘게 된, 나쁜 것, 서투른 badly: 심하게, 나쁘게, 서투르게, 대단히, 후회하여, 슬퍼서, 솜씨없게, 몹시, 몸이 불편한, 기분이 좋지 않은, 건강이 좋지 않은 balance: 저울, 천칭, 균형, 균형을

잡다, 평균, 평형, 청산하다, 비교하다, 번갈아 앞뒤로 움직이다, 밸런스, 맞아떨어지다 balls: 혼란케 하다, 혼란시키다, 엉망으로 만들다 banging: 탁치기 banister: 난간, 난간동자 bank: 은행, 둑, 쌓아 올리다, 은행과 거래하다, 퇴적, 재에 묻다, 에워싸다, 부제목, 한 줄, 노젓는 자리, 한줄로 늘어선 노 banking: 은행업, 횡경사, 은행업의, 근해 어업, 제방 쌓기, 제방 공사, 은행 업무, 은행의 bare: 닳아빠진, 노골적인, 결핍된, 써서 낡은, 알몸의, 부족한, 노출된, 이 없는, 장식없는, 벗기다, 드러낸 barren: 임신 못하는, 불모의, 메마른, 열매를 맺지 않는, 농작물이 나지않는, 재미없는, 무익한, 내용이 보잘것 없는, 새끼를 못 낳는, 효과없는, 황야 barricade: 방책, 통행 차단물, 막다, 방해하다, 장애물-방책을 만들다, 투쟁의 장, 장애물, 장애, 에 방책으로 쌓다, 에 방책으로 막다, 장애물로 가로막다 basis: 주성분, 기초, 근거, 근본원리, 근거지, 기지 bear: 곰, 견디다, 가지다, 지니다, 덮치다, 하기에 족하다, 받치다, 나르다, 난폭자, 배겨내다, 지탱하다 bearing: 관계, 태도, 거동, 관련, 낳음, 문장, 방위각, 인내, 축받이 beautiful: 아름다운, 훌륭한, 우수한, 가인, 뛰어난, 멋있는, 미인, 보기 좋은, 산뜻한, 아름다운 것, 아름다움 beautifully: 아름답게, 훌륭하게, 훌륭히, 솜씨있게, 선명하게, 예쁘게, 멋있게, 화창하게 becoming: 어울리는, 알맞은, 생성 bed: 침대, 잠자리, 자다, 취침, 고정시키다, 강바닥-재우다, 화단에 심다, 숙박, 쌓아 올리다, 판판하게 놓다, 취침 시간 bedding: 침구, 토대, 성층, 깃, 기반, 화단용의, 깔짚, 깔깃 bedpost: 대, 받침판, 침대 기둥 bedroom: 침실, 침실용의, 통근자가 사는 bedsheet: 시이트, 이부자리, 홑이불 beer: 맥주, 맥주같은, 얼근히 취한, 발포성 음료 beg: 빌다, 구걸하다, 빌어먹다, 앞발을들고서다, 발을들고서다, 시주해 줄 것을 청하다, 애걸하다, 앞발을 들고 서서 재롱부리다, 부탁하다, 간청하다, 용서를 청하다 begging: 구걸, 구걸하는, 거지 생활

Franz Kafka begin: 착수하다, 시작되다, 시작하다, 말하기 시작하다, 할 것 같지 않다, 하기 시작하다 beginning: 처음, 개시, 발단, 시작, 초기, 시초, 초기의 behalf: 위하여, 이익 behaved: 한 태도의, 행동거지가 ...한 behaviour: 행동, 동작, 행실, 움직이는 폼, 대우, 태도, 가동 behest: 명령 believing: 믿음이 있는, 백문이 불여 일견, 보는것보다 확실한 것은 없다, 빈음, 신앙심 있는 belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분, 부풀다 belonging: 소지품, 성질, 재산, 재능, 친척, 친숙함, 친밀감, 친밀, 부속물, 귀속 의식, 귀속 below: 하위에, 보다 못하여, 아래에, 아래로, 의 가치가 없어, 의 하위에, 보다 아래로, 보다 밑으로, 영하로, 아래충으로, 아래 문장쪽에 bend: 구부리다, 굴복시키다, 굽히다, 굴곡, 주시하다-굽다, 결삭, 경향, 힘을 쏟다-굽이, 당기다, 기울이다, 굴복하다 benefit: 은혜, 기부금, 자선 흥행이익을 주다, 이익, 은전, 도움을 받다, 희사, 의 이익이 되다, 이의, 자선 공연, 국민 보험의 급부 bent: 굽은, 초원, 황야, 마음을 기울인, 열심인, 경향, 허리가 굽은, 성벽, 겨이삭속 또는 그와 비슷한 포아풀과의 잡초, 그 줄기, 기호 beside: 비교하여, 벗어나서, 떨어져서, 곁에, 빗나가서, 와 비교하여, 외에, 을 벗어나서, 의 곁에, 의 곁에서 besides: 제외하고, 그위에, 게다가, 게다가-더하여, 이외에, 을 제외하고, 외에는, 더하여, 그 위에, 그 밖에, 이외에도 beyond: 저쪽편에, 외에-저편, 내세, 이치지 않는-저쪽에, 넘어서, 이외는, 이상으로, 저편에, 을 넘어서, 을 지나서, 의 범위를 넘어서 bin: 큰상자, 저장하다, 정신병원, 포도주 저장소, 큰 상자 bit: 비트, 잔돈, 작은 조각, 조금, 소량, 잠시, 예의 방식, 대패의 날, 판에 박은 짓거리, 판에 박은 일, 판에 박은 사건 bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린 상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을 에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게 하다 bitter: 쓴, 모진, 격심한, 비참한, 쓴맛, 가엾은, 쓴맥주, 모진-쓴맛,

씁, 격렬한, 쓰라린 blanket: 담요, 덮어 버리다, 숨기다, 차별하지 않는, 방해하다, 일률적인담요에 싸다, 총괄적인, 모포총괄적인, 전면을 덮는 것, 일률적인, 쉬쉬 덮어 버리다 bleeding: 출혈, 방혈, 엄청난, 출혈하는, 피나는 느낌의 block: 막다, 봉쇄하다, 덩어리, 받침, 모탕, 불록-방해하다, 한 장씩 떼어 쓰게 된 것, 한 구획, 블록, 블록 하다, 막는 것 blouse: 블라우스, 군복의 상의, 웃옷, 작업복 blow: 강타, 불다, 개화, 바람에 날리다, 취주, 타격, 한번 불기, 휘몰아치다, 산란, 폭발하다, 낭비하다 blown: 핀, 숨을 헐떡이는, 파리가 알을 슨, 부푼, 불어서 만든 blue: 푸른, 우울한, 학식이 있는, 엄격한, 푸른 옷을 입은, 음란한, 남빛, 우울한-파랑, 음울한, 창백한, 파란색 boa: 보아, 큰구렁이, 왕뱀, 확대 공동 변동환시세제 bombard: 포격하다, 비방하다, 욕하다, 공격하다, 집어 던지다, 폭격하다, 입자로 충격을 가하다 bone: 뼈, 해골, 골격, 뼈로만든것, 골분 비료를 주다-공부만 들이 파다, 몸-뼈를발라내다, 시체, 철저히, 줄의 맨 끝에 있는 사람, 주사위, 열심히 공부하는 사람 boots: 구두닦이, 구두 닦기, 구두닦기 boss: 두목, 감독, 사마귀, 보스, 둥근 돌기, 감독하다, 우두머리가되다, 보스가 되다, 두목이 되다, 돌기, 양각 bother: 괴롭히다, 번민하다, 귀찮게하다, 괴로워하다, 에게 폐끼치다, 귀찮음, 걱정하다, 조무래기 싸움, 을 저주하다, 성가신 일, 을 괴롭히다 bottle: 술, 병에 담다, 병, 억누르다, 젖병, 붙잡다, 용기, 포유병, 붙들다, 한 병의 분량, 단 bottom: 기초, 밑바닥, 바닥의, 근거로하다, 기초를두다, 밑, 바다 밑, 바닥, 바닥을 대다, 배밑, 원인 bound: 범위, 경계, 행의, 열중하여, 되튀다, 뜀, 밀접한 관계에, 한계, 에 가려고, 결심을 한, 확실한 bow: 활, 이물, 구부리다, 절하다, 꾸부러지다, 나비넥타이, 만곡부, 인사하다, 켜다, 함수, 절 bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 가진, 활 모양의, 활 모양을 한 bowl: 사발, 나무공, 큰잔, 볼링경기,

57 대접, 굴리다, 공기, 저울의 접시, 투구, 십주희, 론 볼링 box: 상자, 회양목, 상자모양의것, 선을두른기사, 따귀, 따귀를갈기다, 상자에넣다, 박스 기사, 선물, 손바닥으로 침, 한 상자의 분량 boy: 소년, 남학생, 녀석, 보이, 급사, 사내아이, 남자, 젊은이, 애인, 아들, 사환 bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게 bread: 생계, 빵, 양식, 돈, 주식물, 먹을것, 고용주, 주인, 현금, 에 빵가루를 묻히다 breadth: 폭, 넓은도량, 나비, 넓이, 넓음, 외연, 전체 효과, 퍼짐, 폭으로 재는 물건, 관용, 너비 break: 부서지다, 깨뜨리다, 관계를 끊다, 돌발하다, 부수다, 무너지다, 교제를 끊다, 단절, 꺾이다, 꺾다, 그만두다 breakfast: 조반, 조반을먹다, 아침 식사 breast: 가슴, 유방, 흉부, 무릅쓰다, 가슴에받다, 가슴통을 달다, 가슴을 대다, 가슴 모양의 부분, 대담하게 맞서다, 젖퉁이, 헤치고 나아가다 breath: 호흡, 숨, 순간, 선들거림, 생기, 향기, 한숨, 산들거림, 무성음, 무성, 은은한 향기 breathe: 호흡하다, 속삭이다, 풍기다, 휴식 시키다, 휴식하다, 털어놓다, 쉬다, 선들거리다-불어넣다, 살아있다, 숨쉬다, 무성음으로 발음하다 breathing: 호흡, 동경, 발성, 열망, 휴식, 미풍, 부동, 숨쉬는, 숨쉬는 동안, 숨을 불어넣음, 호흡법 brief: 간결한, 요악하다, 훈령, 단시간의, 대의, 명령을 내리다, 짧은, 변호를 의뢰하다, 요령, 잠시의, 소송 사건의 적요를 작성하다 briefly: 간결하게, 짧게, 간단히 bring: 제기하다, 이끌다, 초래하다, 일으키다, 낳다, 데리고오다, 가지고오다, 가져오다, 갖다 주다, 이르게 하다 broad: 넓은, 광대한, 넓은 뜻의-넓은 곳, 호수, 마음이 넓은, 대강의, 밝은.대강의, 밝은, 음란한, 가득찬, 단번에 알 수 있는 broke: 무일푼의, 파산하여 broken: 파산한, 길든, 부서진, 서투른, 울퉁불퉁한, 끊어진, 깨진, 단속적인, 낙담한, 지리멸렬의, 짓밟힌 broom: 비, 청소하다, 금작화, 비로 쓸다, 긴자루 부러시, 긴자루 브러시, 빗자루, 을 비로 쓸다

58 brother: 형제, 동포, 동료, 친구, 동지, 우방 군주, 여보게 brown: 햇볕에 탄, 갈색 그림 물감다갈색의, 거무스름한-갈색이 되다, 다갈색, 햇볕에 타다, 밤색, 갈색의, 갈색, 갈색 물감, 갈색 염료, 나쁜 새떼 budget: 예산, 한묶음, 경비, 예산을세우다, 운영비, 돈지갑, 예산안, 모은 것, 물건의 모은 것, 예산을 세우다 building: 건축, 건물, 부속건조물, 건축물 bulging: 부풀리는, 부푼 bulk: 크기, 대부분, 부풀다, 적하, 쌓아올리다, 더미, 부피, 부피가 큰, 선창, 의 부피가 커지게 하다, 거대한 것 burdensome: 번거로운, 고된, 귀찮은, 난사의, 무거운 짐이 되는, 부담이 되는, 성가신, 어려운, 견딜 수 없이부담이 되는, 부담스러운 burning: 불타는, 긴급한, 격렬한, 타고 있는 것, 타고 있는, 시급한 bushy: 털이많은, 덤불같은, 관목이 무성한 businessman: 실업가, 사무원, 회사원 butcher's: 푸줏간, 정육점 butter: 버터, 버터를 바르다, 아첨하다, 미는 사람, 머리로 받는 짐승, 부딪치는 것, 버터 비슷한 것, 부딪치는 사람, 아부 call: 부르다, 결과를 예상하다, 이라고 이름짓다, 중지시키다, 으로 간주하다, 상환을 청구하다, 불러내다, 보자고 요구하다, 큰소리로 부르다, 명하다, 깨우다 calling: 천직, 부름, 직업, 소집, 점호, 강한 충동, 하느님의 부르심, 방문, 울음소리, 외침, 소명 calm: 평온한, 고요한, 뻔뻔스러운, 무풍, 가라앉히다, 침착한, 침착, 고요, 냉정, 평온, 뱃심좋은 calmly: 고요히, 냉정하게, 태연하게, 태연히, 냉정히, 온화하게, 조용하게 calmness: 평온, 냉정, 참착, 침착 can't: 못 하다 cap: 탈모하다, 뚜껑, 캡, 모자를 씌우다, 모자, 열다, 덮다, 최고, 다투어 끄집어 내다, 피임용 페서리, 특수한 모자 captivate: 매혹하다, 호리다, 마음을 사로 잡다, 황홀하게 하다, 마음을 사로잡다 career: 생애, 직업, 질주, 성공, 경력, 직업적인, 출세, 질주하다, 경로, 행로, 쾌주하다 carefree: 근심이 없는, 즐거운,

Metamorphosis 태평한, 행복한, 태평스러운, 명랑한, 근심 걱정 없는, 무책임한, 걱정이 없는 careful: 주의깊은, 꼼꼼한, 소중히 하는, 인색한, 조심성 있는, 철저한, 조심스러운, 조소심스런, 정성들인, 신중한, 소중히하는 carefully: 신중히, 주의하여, 검소하게, 균모있게, 면밀히, 정성들여서, 조심스럽게, 주의 깊게 carelessly: 부주의하게, 태평하게, 무심코, 경솔하게, 속 편하게 carpet: 양탄자, 융단, 깔개, 풀밭, 양탄자를 깔다, 꾸짖다, 온통 깔림, 온통 뒤덮다, 꽃밭, 불러꾸짖다 carried: 운반된, 넋을 잃은, 황홀해진, 황홀한, 제 정신을 잃은 carry: 이월하다, 나르다, 전하다, 수반하다, 가게에 놓다, 배고 있다, 기르다, 사정, 단번에 넘기다, 머리를 쳐들다, 재정적 원조를 하다 carrying: 운송, 운송의, 적재의, 적재, 목소리가 잘 들리는, 잘 들리는, 운수, 적재 운송의 carved: 개척하는, 고기를 베어 나누는, 베는, 새기는, 출세 등을 개척하는 cash: 소액 화폐, 현금, 현금으로 바꾸다, 현찰, 돈, 맞돈, 수표, 엽전, 즉시불, 현금현금으로 지불하다 cashier: 출납원, 면직시키다, 출납계원, 징계 파면하다, 지점장, 회계원, 은행의 지배인 catch: 걸리다, 발견하다, 쥐다, 붙들다, 잡기, 손잡이, 붙들려고 하다, 사람을 속이는, 걸다, 얻고 싶은 것, 의 주의를 끌다 catching: 전염성의, 전염하는, 마음을 빼앗는, 매력있는, 매력 있는 것 caught: 사람을 속이는 cause: 이유, 원인, 소송, 대의, 주의, 의 원인이 되다, 하게 하다, 끼치다, 일으키다, 주장, 정당한이유 caustic: 부식성의, 가성의, 화선의, 화면, 통렬한, 부식제, 신랄한, 빈정대는-부식제, 빈정댐, 소작제, 화선 caution: 경고, 조심, 경계, 에게 경고하다, 경계를 요하는 사물, 담보, 예령, 주의, 희한한 사람, 주의시키다, 신중 cautious: 신중한, 에 주의하여, 조심성 있는, 조심스러운, 주의하여, 세심한 cave: 동굴, 굴, 꺼지다, 녹초가 되다, 동굴로 만들다, 움푹 들어가게 하다, 탈당, 함몰, 굴복하다, 탈당함몰하다, 항복시키다 ceiling: 천장, 한계, 최고한도,

천장판자, 운저고도, 운고, 상승한도, 상승한계, 내장판자, 상승 한계, 최고 한도 certainly: 확실히, 알았습니다, 물론이죠, 틀림없이, 그렇고말고요, 그럼은요, 그렇고 말고요 certainty: 확실성, 확신, 확실한 것, 필연적인사물, 객관적 확실성, 확실한 일 chair: 의자, 강좌, 을 의자에 앉히다, 의장직을 맡다, 을 권위있는 지위에 앉히다, 가마, 체어, 의장석회장석, 시장의 직, 전기의자-자리이 앉히다, 대학교수의 직 chance: 우연, 가망, 기회, 운에 맡기고 해보다, 호기, 운, 가능성, 승산, 복권, 우연한, 우연히 만나다 changing: 작고 보기 어리석은 동물, 작고 보기 어리석은 사람, 남몰래 바꿔치기한 어린애, 작고 보기 흉한 사람, 작고 보기 흉한 동물 chaos: 무질서, 혼돈, 대혼란, 혼란상태 charwoman: 파출부, 잡역부, 날품팔이 여자, 빌딩의 날품팔이 chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, 홈, 달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, 쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다 checked: 체크 무늬의, 바둑판 무늬의, 바둑판무늬의 cheek: 건방진 말, 볼, 뺨, 궁둥이, 측면, 에게 건방지게 말하다, 건방지게 굴다, 뻔뻔스러움, 철면피, 건방진 행위, 건방진 태도 cheeks: 측면, 궁둥이 cheer: 환호, 기분, 갈채, 갈채하다, 격려, 격려하다, 기운이 나다, 음식물, 기운을 북돋우다, 환성을 지르다, 음식 cheerio: 건배, 축하합니다, 그럼 또 만나요, 안녕, 축하한다 cheese: 치즈, 일류품, 매력적인 젊은 여자, 안성맞춤의 것, 치즈 비슷한 것, 보스, 중요인물, 그만둬, 그만두다, 튀어라, 조심해 chest: 가슴, 궤, 금고, 밀폐 용기, 상자, 큰상자, 흉곽, 장롱, 자금, 가슴 속, 흉중 chief: 추장, 주로, 족장, 장관, 장, 최고의, 주요한, 주요부, 두목, 보스, 상관 childish: 어린애 같은, 유치한, 어린이 같은, 어른답지 못한, 앳된, 아동의, 어른이 같은 chilly: 냉담한, 냉랭하게, 냉랭한, 오싹한, 차가운, 하기가 나는, 찬, 으스스한, 추위를 타는 chin: 턱, 지껄이다, 지껄임, 턱에 갖다 대다, 잡담, 턱끝, 턱에 대다,

Franz Kafka 턱끝-지껄이다, 턱걸이 하다, 턱걸이하다 choice: 선택, 선택권, 특상의, 종류, 선택의 신중, 선택의 기회, 선택된 것, 상품, 골라낸, 선택의 여지, 정화 choose: 고르다, 선택하다, 원하다, 선거하다, 결정하다, 하고 싶은 기분이 들다, 택하다, 선택, 바라다, 하는 쪽을 택하다 chose: 재산, 물, 물건 chosen: 선발된, 좋아하는, 뽑힌, 선택한, 선택된, 신에게 선택된, 신에게 뽑힌 christmas: 크리스마스, 성탄절, 크리스마스의, 크리스마스용의, 크리스마스 계절 chuck: 지퍼, 음식물, 목정, 휙 던지기, 척, 가볍게 찌르기, 귀여운 것, 구! 구, 이랴! 낄낄, 포기하다, 해고 하기 circumstances: 사정, 상황, 환경 claim: 청구, 요구, 주장, 의견을 말하다, 요구하다, 요구할 권리, 끌다, 청구물, 보상의 청구, 반환을 요구하다, 고소하다 clean: 완전한, 청결한, 깨끗한, 청소하다, 결백한, 깨끗해지다, 흠없는, 순결한, 새로운, 아주, 순수한 cleaner: 청소기, 세제, 청소부, 세탁소, 세탁소 주인, 깨끗하게 하는 사람, 클리너, 진공청소기, 청소 작업원, 청소하는 사람, 세탁기술사 cleaning: 청소, 대손해, 대패배, 세탁, 깨끗이 함, 빨래, 크리닝, 쓰레기, 손질, 살인, 완패 clearly: 분명히, 똑똑히, 물론, 밝게, 아무렴, 뚜럿하게, 깨끗하게, 확실히, 의심할 여지 없이, 명료하게, 뚜렷하게 clerk: 목사, 판매원, 사무원, 점원, 학자, 서기, 서기로 근무하다, 프런트계, 점원 노릇을 하다, 사무관, 교회서기 clever: 영리한, 교묘한, 사람이 좋은, 약삭빠른, 익숙한, 솜씨좋은, 손재주있는, 슬기로운, 현명한, 머리가 좋은, 똑똑한 climb: 오르다, 오르는 곳, 기어오르다, 타다, 급히 입다, 감기어 뻗어 오르다, 승진, 승진하다, 오름, 떠오르다, 상승 climbing: 기어오르는, 등산, 상승하는, 기어 오름, 등산용의, 등산용의 기어오름, 기어오름 clock: 시계, 사람의 얼굴, 시계로 시간을 재다, 때리다, 기록을 내다, 자수 장식을 하다, 의 시간을 재다, 양말의 장식수, 내내, 치다, 양말목의

자수 장식 close: 끝, 끝내다, 접속하다, 끝나다, 좁은, 정밀한, 닫다, 한정된, 인색한, 가까운, 밀집한 closed: 폐쇄한, 업무를 정지한, 폐쇄적인, 지붕이 있는, 자음으로 끝나는, 자급의, 닫은, 교통차단한, 비공개의, 배타적인, 금렵중인 closely: 꽉, 열심히, 밀접하게, 면밀히, 접근하여, 일심으로, 알뜰하게, 친밀하게, 엄중히, 친밀히, 엄밀히 closer: 닫는것, 최종회, 폐색기, 닫는 것 closing: 마감, 폐쇄, 마지막의, 종결, 결산, 결산의, 폐점, 마감하는, 밀폐, 폐회의, 종장의 clothes: 옷, 침구, 의복, 세탁물, 빨래감, 범포, 모직물, 검은 성직복, 클로스, 헝겊, 천 clumsily: 재치없이, 맵시없이, 솜씨없이 clumsy: 꼴사나운, 다루기 힘든, 쓰기 불편한, 볼품없는, 재치 없는, 어색한, 솜씨시없는, 무뚝뚝한, 모양없는, 서투른, 모양 없는 clutter: 난잡, 허둥지둥 달리다, 어지럽게 흩어져 있는 것, 어지르다, 채우다, 떠들다, 혼란, 소란, 정보혼란상태 떠들다, 메우다 coat: 칠하다, 외피, 상의, 입히다, 씌운 것, 가죽, 스커트, 덮개, 코트, 칠, 층 coffee: 커피, 커피 열매, 커피 한 잔, 커피가 딸린 가벼운 식사, 커피색, 식후의 커피, 짙은 갈색, 커피 색, 커피 나무 cold: 냉정한, 희미한, 추운, 차가운, 흥을 깨는, 감기, 냉담한, 불감증의, 약한, 한색의, 열을 흡수하기 어려운 collar: 깃, 목걸이, 칼라, 변색부, 태클, 롤 말이로 만든 돼지고기나 생선, 속박, 고리, 태클하다, 훈장, 깃을 달다 collection: 수금, 수집, 콜렉션, 회수, 퇴적, 수집물, 기부금 모집, 학기 시험, 헌금, 채집, 징세 comfort: 위로, 위안하다, 낙, 위로가 되는 사람, 이불, 즐거움, 편안하게 하다, 생활을 즐겁게 해 주는 것, 마음 편안함, 원조하다, 안락 comfortable: 안락한, 이불, 기분이 좋은, 마음 편한, 목도리, 기분좋은, 마음편한, 충분한 comfortably: 기분좋게, 안락하게, 부족함이 없이 coming: 다음의, 도래, 오는, 신진의, 그리스도의 재림, 내방, 다가올, 미래의, 유명해지기 시작한, 올, 도착

59 comment: 논평, 해설, 주석하다, 비평하다, 소문, 의견으로서 진술하다, 주해, 설명, 주석, 비평, 세평 commerce: 상업, 통상, 교제, 교섭, 교역, 무역 commercial: 광고 방송, 상업상의, 통상의, 영리적인, 공업용의, 커머셜, 광고방송의, 판매용의, 영리본위의, 업무용의, 시엠 communication: 통신, 전달, 연락, 교제, 교통, 보도 기관, 전염, 왕래, 전갈, 전달학, 전함 complaint: 불평, 불평거리, 고소, 병, 투덜거림, 비난, 원고의 첫 진술, 불만, 푸념 complaints: 불만 complete: 완성하다, 완전한, 끝마치다, 완결한, 숙달한, 채우다, 전부의, 완투하다, 철저히, 완비한, 순전한 completely: 완전히, 충분히, 전혀, 전부, 철저히 complicated: 복잡한, 풀기어려운, 뒤얽힌 comprehension: 이해, 포함, 함축, 이해력, 포용력, 포용주의, 내포 concealed: 숨기는 concede: 인정하다, 양보하다, 용인하다, 부여하다, 패배를 인정하다, 핸디캡으로서 주다, 승인하다 concentrated: 집중된, 농축한, 응집된, 집중한 concentration: 집중, 농축, 농도, 전심전력, 선광, 농화, 숫자맞추기 놀이, 전념, 전렴, 집결, 집중력 concern: 관심, 관계, 걱정, 관심사, 에 관계하다, 것, 관심을 갖다, 영업, 관여하다, 중요성, 걱정하다 concerned: 관계하고 있는, 걱정스러운, 근심하는, 관심을 가진, 사회문제에 관심이 있는, 염려하는, 근심스러운, 사회 문제에 관심이 있는, 정치 문제에 관심이 있는 conclusion: 결론, 추단, 종결, 결말, 체결, 결정, 결과, 종국, 단안, 끝, 판정 condemned: 저주받은, 유죄 선고를 받은, 사형수의, 몰수학로 된, 유죄선고를 받은, 사용 부적으로 판정된, 몰수로 정해진, 구제할 길 없는, 몰수하기로 된 condition: 상태, 조절하다, 조건, 신분, 처지, 개량하다, 에게 조건 반사를 일으키게 하다, 조건절, 주위의 상황, 불가결한 사정, 재시험 conditions: 불가결한 사정, 주위의 상황, 지불 조건

60 confidence: 신임, 비밀, 자신, 신용, 배짱, 신뢰, 확신, 털어놓음, 대담함, 속이야기, 신뢰대담함 confident: 자부심이 강한, 대담한, 막역한 벗, 확신하고, 자신 만만한, 확신하여, 친구, 자신있는, 자신을 가진, 독단적인, 확신하고 있는 confirm: 확인하다, 추인하다, 견진례를 베풀다, 견고히 하다, 굳게하다, 확립하다, 강하게하다, 확실하게하다, 확증하다, 확실하게 하다 confirmation: 확인, 확정, 확증, 견진성사, 확립, 증언, 증거, 비준, 견고하게함, 시인, 견진 성사 confused: 혼란스러운, 당황한, 혼란한, 어리둥절한, 지리멸렬한, 낭패한 confusion: 당황, 혼동, 혼란, 혼미, 지리멸렬, 뒤죽박죽, 착란, 난잡 connection: 연결, 관계, 연락, 단체, 정교, 단골, 친척, 사이, 종파, 거래처, 연고 connections: 연결 conscience: 양심, 도의심, 선악의 관념 consciousness: 의식, 자각, 지각, 감지, 심상 conservatory: 온실, 예술 학교, 음악학교, 음악 학교, 미술 학교 consider: 숙고하다, 고려하다, 주시하다, 중히 여기다, 팁을 주다, 간주하다, 고려에 넣다, 고찰하다, 생각하다, 존경하다, 참작하다 considerate: 신중한, 이해성이 있는, 사려깊은, 동정있는, 생각이 깊은, 마음씨 좋은, 동정심이 있는 consideration: 고려, 보수, 약인, 참작, 경의, 고려할 사항, 존중, 헤아림, 팁, 중요함, 중요성 considered: 깊이 생각한, 존경받는, 신중한, 중히 여겨지는, 충분히 고려한, 깊이 생각후의 considering: 치고는, 을 생각하면, 비교적, 그런대로, 에 비해서, 이므로, 을 고려하면, 고려한다면 contact: 접촉, 교제, 접촉시키다, 교섭하고 있는 사람, 육안에 의한 지상관찰, 접전, 접촉비행으로, 접촉비행의, 접촉의, 접촉하다, 친교연락 content: 내용, 용적, 함유량, 차례, 만족하여, 찬성하여, 만족, 내용물, 속알맹이, 흐뭇해하여-만족, 찬성투표 contented: 만족하고 있는, 흡족해 하는, 달갑게 하는, 만족한 contents: 찬성 투표, 찬성 투표자 continually: 빈번히, 줄곧, 계속해서,

Metamorphosis 끊임없이, 계속적으로 continue: 계속하다, 연장하다, 존속하다, 연기하다, 계속되다, 계속시키다, 이연하다, 이월하다, 게속하고 있다, 페이지로 계속, 머무르다 continued: 계속된, 연장된, 연속되고 있는, 계속하는, 존속하는, 존속시키는, 연장하는, 계속하여 진술하는, 계속시키는, 계속되는, 연기하는 continuing: 계속적인, 영구적인, 갱신할 필요가 없는, 연속적인 continuously: 연속적으로, 계속해서, 잇달아, 간단 없이, 끊임없이 contract: 수축시키다, 청부, 계약, 줄어들다, 약혼, 계약하다, 계약서, 들다, 좁히다, 맺다, 청부계약을 하다 contractor: 수축근, 청부인, 계약자, 토건업자, 도급자 contrary: 반대의, 심술궂은, 상반하는 사물, 정반대, 반대로, 거꾸로, 역, 불리한, 거꾸로의, 반대명제, 외고집의 contrast: 현저한 차이, 대조, 대조하다, 와 좋은 대조를 이루다, 와 대조를 이루다, 대비, 정반대의 물건, 와 대조하여 뚜렷이 보이게 하다, 대조가 되는 것, 대비하다, 대조법 controlled: 조심스런, 관리된, 억제된, 지배하의, 통제된 conversation: 회화, 담화, 대화, 비공식 회담, 성교, 좌담, 사교, 친교 converted: 전환된, 개장한, 개종한 convinced: 확신을 가진, 신념이 있는 convulsive: 경련성의, 발작적인, 경련을 일으킨 듯한, 격동적인 cook: 요리하다, 요리되다, 요리사, 조작하다, 식사를 준비하다, 지어내다, 일어나다, 녹초가 되게 하다, 쿡, 음식을 만들다, 지치게 하다 cooking: 요리용의, 요리법, 요리하기 cool: 시원한, 냉담한, 차가운, 뻔뻔스러운, 식다, 냉정히, 냉정, 훌륭한, 냉기, 정미, 가라앉히다 cope: 대항하다, 코프를 입히다, 코프, 종의 거푸집 맨 윗부분, 해나가다, 덮이다, 덮개, 대처하다, 창공, 갓돌을 얹다, 겨루다 copious: 풍부한, 내용이 풍부한, 많은, 말수가많은, 말이 많은, 자세히 서술하는, 막대한 copy: 복사, 원고, 등본, 베끼다, 모방, 모방하다, 모사, 광고문, 을 그대로 베끼다, 본, 부 corner: 구석, 매점하다, 모퉁이, 을 구석으로 몰다, 모를 내다, 매점, 지방, 궁지, 모서리의 쇠붙이, 구석진

곳, 코너킥 corpse: 시체, 송장 costs: 소송 비용 cosy: 기분 좋은, 보온 커버, 있기 편한, 차양이 있는 이인용 의자 couch: 침상, 눕다, 초자체 전위를 시술하다, 띄우다, 쌓이다, 말로 표현하다, 못자리, 잠복하다, 누이다, 침석, 휴식처 cough: 기침, 기침하다, 불연소음을 내다, 을 마지못해 건네다, 을 마지못해 털어놓다, 기침병, 죄를 자백하다, 기침소리, 불연소음, 기침 소리를 내다, 헛기침하다 count: 세다, 계산, 수를 세다, 백작, 중요하다, 셈, 계산하다, 고려, 박자를 맞추다, 카운트, 셈되다 countless: 무수한, 셀 수 없이 많은, 셀수 없는, 셀 수 없는 couple: 부부, 둘, 연결하다, 한쌍, 연상하다, 얼마간, 우력, 연결되다, 교미하다, 교미시키다, 결혼하다 courage: 용기, 담력, 용감, 배짱 course: 진행, 방침, 달리다, 연속, 과정, 진로, 큰 가로돛, 침로를 잡다, 경과, 가로 층, 돌다 courtesy: 호의, 예의, 예의상의, 정중함, 우대, 친절, 우대의, 공손, 인사, 정중한 행위, 특별 대우 cover: 덮다, 뚜껑, 덮개, 가다, 가리다, 구실, 모자를 씌우다, 한 사람분의 식기, 덮어 씌우다, 떠맡다, 뚜껑을 덮다 covered: 덮개를 씌운, 뚜껑을 한, 모자를 쓴, 엄호물이 있는, 지붕이 있는, 차폐한, 감춰진 covering: 덮는, 지붕, 덮개, 덮음, 피복, 커버, 외피, 엄호의, 엄호덮는, 엄호, 덮어씌움 crack: 결점, 굴복하다, 변성, 갑작스런 날카로운 소리, 재치있는말, 시도, 지껄이다, 자랑, 날카로운 폭음을 내다, 떨어뜨리다, 갈라진 금 crash: 추락, 실패하다, 파산하다, 충돌, 고장, 거친 아마포, 을 달리다, 와르르 부수다, 와르르 무너지다, 와르르, 숙박하다 crate: 나무틀, 자동차, 나무 상자, 대바구니, 광주리, 바구니, 나무상자에 채워 넣다, 나무 상자에 채워 넣다, 비행기, 나무 대바구니에 채워 넣다, 헌 비행기 crawl: 기어가다, 들끓다, 서행하다, 근질근질하다, 활어조, 살금살금 걸어다니다, 댄스, 크롤 수영법, 우글거리다, 크롤로 헤엄치다, 포복 crawling: 크롤링, 벼룩이 꾄, 이가 꾄 cross: 교차하다, 교배시키다,

Franz Kafka 가로지르다, 십자가, 고난, 가로의, 잡종의, 부정, 가로줄을 긋다, 건너가다, 비뚤어진 crossed: 횡선을 그은, 십자모양으로 놓은, 열십자로 된, 방해된, 방해되는, 교차한, 교차된, 가로 세로로 글씨를 쓴, 교차 crucial: 어려운, 중대한, 혹독한, 결정적인, 십자형의, 최종적인 cry: 부르짖다, 울다, 외침, 고함, 애원하다, 엉엉 울다, 큰소리로 부르다, 큰소리로 알리다, 외치다, 울며...하다, 함성 crying: 외치는, 긴급한, 울부짖는, 심한, 좌시할 수없는, 지독한 curiosity: 호기심, 골동품, 진기함, 진기한 것, 신기함, 진기한것 curious: 이상한, 호기심이 강한, 진서인, 면밀한, 묘한, 호기심을 끄는, 진기한, 정성들인, 캐기 좋아하는, 외설한, 알고 싶어하는 current: 전류, 경향, 통용하는, 흐름, 유행하는, 조류, 풍조, 현재의, 흘림 글씨의, 현행의, 지금의 curse: 저주하다, 월경, 저주, 재앙, 파문하다, 욕지거리하다, 천벌을 내리다, 저주의 말, 파문, 괴롭히다, 독설 curtains: 한 권의 끝 cut: 베다, 절단, 패를 떼다, 몫, 자르다, 끊다, 삭감, 묽게 하다, 절단하다, 벤 상처, 패 떼기 damage: 손해, 손상, 손상시키다, 손해 배상금-해치다, 해치다, 손상시키다-못 쓰게 되다, 손해 배상금, 다치다, 비용, 손해를 입히다, 손해액 damages: 손해액 damp: 습기, 못살게 굴다, 낙담시키다, 낙담, 기를 꺽다, 실망, 축죽한, 축축하게하다, 습기 있는축축하게 하다, 방해-축죽한, 방해 dampness: 습기, 축축함 danger: 위험, 장애, 의 위험이 있다, 위험 상태, 위험물 dare: 도전하다, 위험을 무릅쓰다, 모험적으로 해보다, 감히 ~ 하다, 용기가 있다, 도전, 무릅쓰다 daring: 겁이 없는, 대담무쌍한, 대담한, 모험적인 기상, 모험적인 용기 dark: 어두운, 비밀의, 어둠, 캄캄한, 숨은, 수수께끼 같은, 사악한, 슬픈, 우울한, 무지한, 무지 darkness: 어둠, 암흑, 무지, 설명, 애매, 불명료, 맹목, 흑심 daughter: 딸, 딸로서의, 여자, 동성애의 남성유혹되어 동성애의 세계로 빠진 남자, 딸된 신분, 딸들,

방사성 붕괴로 생긴, 처녀 시절, 제 일세의 소산의, 제1세의 소산의, 동성애의 남성 dawning: 동쪽, 새벽, 여명, 동녁, 조짐, 징조, 출현, 새벽녘, 시작, 여명기 dead: 완전히, 죽은, 무감각한, 활기없는, 지쳐버린, 완전한, 죽은 듯이 고요함, 가장 생기가 없는 시각, 죽은 사람, 확실한, 몹시 deal: 도르다, 전나무 재목, 나누다, 베풀다, 소나무 재목, 장사하다, 주다, 카드놀이의 패 도르는 일, 한 판, 가하다, 거래하다 dear: 친애하는, 귀여운, 귀여운 사람, 아니 그런데, 귀중한, 참, 비싸게, 비싼, 친애하는 사람, 애인, 사랑하는 사람 debt: 빚, 죄, 부채, 은혜, 의리, 빚진 것 decayed: 부식하는 decide: 해결하다, 결정하다, 결심시키다, 결심하다, 결심시키다결심하다결정하다, 결의하다, 판결을 내리다 decided: 단호한, 뚜렷한, 명백한, 결정적인, 결연한, 분명한 decision: 판결, 결정, 해결, 결심, 판정승, 결단력, 하려는 결심 decisive: 결정적인, 확고한, 과단성 있는, 움직이기 어겨운, 단화한, 중대한, 움직이기 어려운, 명확한, 단호한 decisively: 결정적으로, 단호하게 declare: 언명하다, 선언하다, 성명하다, 신고하다, 공언하다, 언명해 놓고 그만두다, 신고하다공언하다, 단언하다, 나타내다, 알리다, 포고하다 declared: 공공연한, 숨김 없는, 공언한, 언명한, 신고한, 선언한 deep: 깊은, 심원한, 심연, 마음으로부터의, 목소리가 굵고 낮은, 몰두해 있는, 심한, 깊숙이, 깊이 파묻힌, 음험한, 색이 짙은 deeply: 철저히, 짙게, 깊이, 굵고 낮게, 대단히, 심각하게, 교묘히 deepness: 현묘, 깊이, 심오, 오묘, 모음, 깊음, 심도 defend: 변호하다, 지키다, 방위하다, 방어하다, 답변하다, 항변하다, 옹호하다 definite: 명확한, 뚜렷한, 일정한, 한정된, 한정하는 definitely: 명확히, 확실히, 한정적으로, 틀림없이, 명백히, 절대로...아니다 delay: 유예, 지연, 늦게하다, 지연시키다, 지체하다, 연기하다-

61 늦어지다, 연기하다, 늦어지다, 지체하다-지연, 지연 기간, 우물쭈물하다 delighted: 기쁜, 매우 즐거운 deranged: 혼란된, 미친 desk: 편집부, 책상, 서랍, 사무 despair: 절망, 절망의 근원, 절망하다, 자포자기 desperate: 필사적인, 자포자기의, 절망적인, 터무니없는, 극도의 despite: 모욕, 원한, 에도 불구하고, 무례, 증오, 또는 destination: 목적지, 보낼 곳, 목적, 대상 detail: 세부, 상세한 내용, 선발하다, 부분도, 상술하다, 분견대, 분견대.상술하다, 세부 묘사, 세부의, 행동 명령, 분견하다 deterioration: 악화, 저하, 타락 determination: 결심, 측정, 판결, 확정 determined: 단호한, 결정된, 확정된, 결연한, 굳게 결심한 devoted: 헌신적인, 골몰하여, 저주받은, 몸을 바친, 애정이 깊은, 열애하는, 골몰하는, 헌납된 differently: 다르게, 같지 않게, 따로, 그렇지 않게, 별도로, 달리 difficulty: 곤란, 이의, 궁박, 난국, 논쟁, 지장, 어려움, 항의, 곤경 diligence: 부지런함, 근면, 승합마차, 근민, 합승 마차 diligently: 부지런히, 애써, 근면하게, 부지런하게, 열심히 dinner: 정찬, 오찬, 만찬, 정식, 식사를 하다, 공식 오찬, 공식 만찬 direct: 똑바른, 솔직한, 돌리다, 관리하다, 감독하다, 연출하다, 지도하다, 지더하다, 지휘하다, 직류의, 직점 direction: 방향, 경향, 명령, 지도, 방위, 지휘, 이사, 지도자의 직, 방면, 악보상의 기호, 수취인 주소 성명 directly: 직접으로, 곧바로, 즉시, 즉시로, 직접, 참으로, 곧장 dirt: 진흙, 쓰레기, 오물, 비열한 언사, 흙, 토지, 먼지, 욕, 굴욕을 참다, 폐석, 욕설 dirty: 더러운, 비열한, 추잡한, 날씨가 엄청 더운, 사나운, 날씨가 사나운, 더럽히다, 마약 중독의, 방사능이 많은, 흐린, 상스러운 disappear: 소실하다, 소멸하다, 안 보이게 되다, 사라지다 disappointed: 실망한 disappointment: 실망 discard: 버림 받은 사람, 버리다, 해고하다, 요없는 패를 버리다, 가진 패를 버림, 포기, 카아드를 버리기,

62 버림 받은 물건, 버린 패, 버려진 물건, 버려진 사람 disconcerted: 당혹한, 당황한 discourtesy: 무례, 무례한 언행, 버릇없음 discovery: 발견물, 발견, 발표 요구 수속, 줄거리의 전개 disgust: 역겹게하다, 혐오, 역겨움, 정떨어지게 하다, 정떨어지게하다역겨움, 싫음, 메스꺼워찌게 하다 dish: 접시에 담다, 요리, 푼주, 접시, 움푹해지다, 식품, 성적 매력이 있는 여자, 위성 방송, 미인, 그릇, 사발 모양으로 움푹 들어가게 하다 dishes: 식탁용 접시류 dishevelled: 헝클어진, 흩어진, 봉두난발의, 주제가 단정치 못한, 단정치 못한, 흐트러진 dismissal: 각하, 면직, 해산, 퇴거, 퇴학, 해고, 기각, 해방, 해임, 해고 통지, 이혼 dissuade: 단념시키다, 그만두게 하다 distance: 거리, 간격, 능가하다, 사이, 앞 지르다, 사이를 두다, 먼데 사이를 두다, 앞지르다, 먼 데, 먼 거리, 간격을 두다 distinct: 별개의, 다른, 명백한, 명확한, 장식된, 뚜렷한 distinctly: 뚜렷하게, 명백하게 distinguish: 구별하다, 분류하다, 분간하다, 두르러지가하다, 수훈을 세우다, 이름을 떨치다, 구별이 되다, 구별하는, 판별하다, 두드러지게 하다, 식별하다 distract: 딴 데로 돌리다, 착란시키다, 어지럽히다, 괴롭히다, 빗가게 하다 distress: 고난, 고통, 빈궁, 비탄, 고민, 심통, 피로하게 하다, 피로, 괴롭히다, 압류-괴롭히다, 압류 disturb: 방해하다, 어지럽히다, 소란하게 하다, 불안하게하다, 불안하게 하다, 소란하게하다, 교란하다, 저해하다, 침해하다 disturbed: 교란된, 정신장애자, 사란한, 산란한, 정서장애가 있는, 정서장애자, 정신장애가 있는 disturbing: 불안하게 하는, 교란시키는, 불온한 divided: 분할된, 열개한, 갈라진, 분리된, 분배한, 각기 다른 dizziness: 현기증 doctor: 의사, 박사, 수선하다, 치료하다, 숙수, 수선하는사람, 수선하는사람-치료하다, 보정기, 약을 먹다, 암녹색의 제물 낚시, 손질하다 document: 서류, 문서, 증서, 증거, 기록문헌, 문서로 증명하다, 문서로증명하다, 자료를 제공하다,

Metamorphosis 자료를제공하다, 증거 서류를 제공하다, 증거 서류를 첨부하다 dome: 둥근꼭대기, 둥근천정, 반구형의것, 머리, 둥근 천장, 둥근 지붕 모양의 물건, 비면, 웅장한 건물 domed: 둥근 지붕의, 둥근 천장의, 반구형의, 둥근 지붕으로 덮은 don't: 금지조항서, 하지마세요 doorway: 문간, 입구 double: 접다, 모호한, 쌍의, 일을겸하다, 달리다, 표리가 있는, 겹치다, 거짓의, 이중으로, 표리가있는, 급회전 doubt: 의심, 의심하다, 의심스러움, 의문, 의문-의심하다, 의혹을 품다, 불확실함, 염려하다 drag: 발을 질질 끌며걷다, 끌리다, 당기다, 흙다, 써레, 끌기, 느릿느릿 나아가다, 바퀴 멈추개, 바퀴멈추개, 느릿느릿나아가다, 느릿느릿걷다 draught: 선발하다, 기안하다, 기초하다, 끌다, 제도공으로서 기술을 연마하다 draw: 끌다, 그리다, 당기다, 묘사하다, 뽑아내다, 자아내다, 이끌어내다, 접근하다, 이끌다, 제비, 빠지다 drawers: 드로어즈, 팬츠, 속바지, 속옷 drawn: 비긴, 빼낸, 속을빼낸, 찡그린, 잡아뽑은, 내장을 따낸, 잡아당겨 늘어진, 잡아당겨 일그러진, 그어진 dream: 몽상, 꿈, 공상하다, 꿈꾸다, 매력 있는 사람, 아름다운 사람, 훌륭한 사람, 꿈인가 싶은 사람, 포부, 아름다운 것, 멍하니 세월을 보내다 dressed: 요리 준비가 된, 옷을 입은, 과거분사, 손질을 한 dried: 건조한 drink: 마시다, 흡수하다, 취하다, 술에 소비하다, 술에소비하다, 음료를 마시다, 큰 강, 한 모금, 술을 많이 마시다, 을 위해 축배를 들다, 음주 drive: 몰다, 드라이브, 돌진하다, 운전하다, 혹사하다, 몰이하다, 영위하다, 부딪치다, 추진력, 차로나르다, 쫘다 driving: 추진하는, 운전, 정력적인, 동력전달의, 혹사하는, 추진, 박기, 휘몰아치는, 사람을 혹사하는, 운전법, 에서 멀리 치기 drop: 낙하, 듣게하다, 소량, 드롭스, 물방울, 한방울, 낮아지다, 눈깔사탕, 그치다, 그만두다, 죽이다 drops: 점적약 drove: 몰려가는 가축 때, 떼지어 가는 무리, 굵은 정

dry: 마른, 마르다, 말리다, 건조한, 쌀쌀한, 바싹마른, 무미건조한, 가무는, 냉담한, 널다, 적나라한 dull: 둔한, 무딘, 둔감한, 흐리게하다, 누그러뜨리다, 지루한, 둔해지다, 또렷하지 않은, 또렷하지않은, 지루한-무디게하다, 무디게하다 dully: 둔하게, 멍청하게, 느리게, 지루하게, 활발치 못하게, 느럭느럭 dung: 똥거름, 똥, 거름을 주다 dust: 먼지, 흙, 가루, 티끌, 인체, 유해, 쓰레기, 분말, 무덤, 먼지를 떨다, 굴욕을 받고 duty: 의무, 임무, 본분, 관세, 경의, 조세, 일, 효율, 종무, 직무, 책임 ear: 귀, 청각, 경청, 보리 따위의 이삭, 귀꼴의 물건, 귓바퀴, 옥수수 열매, 옥수수열매, 귀 모양의 것, 이삭, 이삭이 패다 earlier: 좀 전에 earn: 벌다, 감사 따위를 받을 만하다, 받다, 손에넣다, 얻다, 차지하다, 일하여 얻다, 일하여얻다, 수입을 낳다, 받을 만하다, 획득하다 earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심, 중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한성실, 엄숙한, 계약금 ease: 안락, 안심시키다, 늦추다, 덜다, 편안, 여유, 쉬움, 마음놓고, 안심하다, 불안하여, 마음놓이지 않아 easily: 편안히, 쉽게, 쉽사리, 용이하게, 원활하게, 편안하게 easy: 쉬운, 부드러운, 안락한, 게으른, 관대한 다투기 쉬운, 까다롭지 않은, 문체가 평이한, 편안한, 평이한, 말을 잘 듣는, 다루기쉬운 eat: 먹다, 먹어 들어가다, 침식하다, 파괴하다, 먹을 수 있다, 먹이 들어가다, 식사하다, 슬픔에 잠기다, 부식하다, 파괴하다-식사하다, 먹을수있다 eating: 먹기, 식용의, 식품, 식품좀먹어들어가는, 좀먹어 들어가는, 음식, 물 echo: 반향하다, 반향, 메아리, 흉내내기, 모방, 초음파 검사법, 모방하다, 메아리치다, 숲의요정메아리치다, 그대로 되풀이하여 대답하다, 종양 edge: 가장자리, 날, 천천히 움직이다, 날카로움, 끝, 비스듬히 나아가다, 우세, 흥분해 있다, 날카롭게 하다비스듬히 나아가다, 날카롭게 하다, 거나하게 취함 effort: 노력, 노력의 성과, 수고, 주로 모금 등의 운동, 작력, 역작, 작용력 eight: 에이트, 여덟 개의, 여덟 개 한

Franz Kafka 조, 여덟 점 짜리 패, 여덟 기통 자동차, 여덟 사람의, 여덟 절판, 여덟 절판의, 여덟의, 팔세의, 팔시 elastic: 경쾌한, 탄력있는, 밝은, 낭창한, 융통성있는-고무줄, 융통성있는, 고무줄, 고무 끈, 반발력이 있는, 고무줄이 든 천의 제품, 고리 모양의 고무줄 elderly: 나이 지긋한, 중년의, 초로의, 나이가 지긋한, 시대에 뒤진, 나이가 지긋한 사람들 electric: 전기의, 두근거리는, 전기 장치의, 전기, 전기장치의, 전기성의, 전기에 관한, 전기 같은, 전격적인 emotion: 감동, 정서, 감정 emphatically: 강하게, 단호히, 전혀 employer: 고용주 empty: 배고픈, 공허한, 빈, 비우다, 무의미한, 비어있는, 비다, 에 흘러들다, 물 등을 내보내다, 옮기다, 없는 enable: 할수있게하다, 을 허가하다, 을 허락하다, 을 허용하다, 할 수 있게 하다 endless: 순환의, 끝없는, 무한한, 영원한, 끝이 없는 endure: 지탱하다, 견디다, 참다, 겪다, 인내하다, 받다, 받다인내하다, 허용하다 enemy: 적, 적군적함, 원수, 악마, 적병, 적의, 해를 주는 것, 적국의 enjoy: 즐기다, 누리다, 향유하다, 건강, 성교하다, 즐겁게 시간을 보내다, 갖고 있다, 향수하다 enormous: 거대한, 막대한, 흉악한, 악독한 enter: 참가하다, 시작하다, 들다, 에들어가다, 에들다, 에 들어가다, 신고하다, 박히다, 떠오르다, 등장하다, 들어박히다 entertain: 대접하다, 품다, 즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는, 즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써 받아들이다, 환대하다 entertaining: 재미있는, 유쾌한 enthusiasm: 열광, 열의, 열중, 열심, 열중시키는 것, 종교적 열광 enthusiastic: 열광의, 광신적인, 열광적인 entire: 완전한, 전체의, 온전한, 흑맥주의 일종, 순수한 것, 흠이 없는, 거세하지 않은, 가장자리에 들쭉날쭉이 없는, 가장자리에 흠진 데가 없는, 빠짐없이 갖추어진, 거세하지 않은 말 entirely: 완전히, 오로지, 전적으로, 아주 entrance: 입학, 들어감, 입구, 입장, 등장, 입학금, 대문, 입장권, 넋을

잃게 하다 enviable: 바람직한, 부러운, 샘나는 equipment: 준비, 설비, 기술, 능력, 채비, 장비, 지식, 비품, 차량 errand: 심부름, 볼일, 사명, 심부름의 내용, 내용 especially: 특히, 각별히, 유달리, 유별나게 establish: 입증하다, 설립하다, 확증하다, 확립하다, 제정하다, 개업시키다, 기반을 잡게하다, 안정된 지위에 놓이게 하다, 앉히다, 정하다, 인정하다 establishment: 설립, 시설, 권력기구, 확립, 편성, 상비 병력, 상비 편제, 당국자, 설립물, 국립, 제도 evening: 저녁, 밤, 오후, 해질녁, 해질녁칭, 만년, 의 밤, 저녁 때, 저녁의 evenings: 매일저녁 eventually: 필경에는, 결국은, 결국 ever-present: 항상 존재하는 everyone: 각자 모두, 누구든지, 여러분 everything: 만사, 가장 소중한 것, 무엇이든지모두, 모두, 무엇이든지 everywhere: 어디에나, 도처에, 모든 곳 exact: 강요하다, 정밀한, 꼼꼼한, 정확한, 엄격한, 엄밀한, 까다로운, 엄하게 요구하다, 엄중한, 적확한 exactly: 정확하게, 꼭, 그렇소, 조금도 틀림없이, 바로 그렇습니다, 바로 그대로, 바로, 틀림없이 exaggerated: 과장된, 떠벌린, 비대한, 비정상적으로 확장된, 지나친 examination: 조사, 시험, 심문, 검사, 심리, 심사 example: 모범, 본보기, 보기, 견본, 실례, 표본, 본때, 경계, 본보기로서의 벌, 예, 진례 exceptionally: 예외적으로, 유난히, 특별히, 매우 excessive: 과도한, 극단적인, 터무니없는, 과도의 exchange: 교환, 교환하다, 거래소, 전화 교환국, 환전하다, 환전할 수 있다, 주고받음, 환전, 어음교환고, 주고받다, 바꾼 것 excited: 흥분한, 흥분한 활발한, 여기한, 여기 상태의 excitedly: 흥분하여 excitement: 흥분, 자극하는 것, 자극, 격앙, 법석, 동요 exclaim: 외치다, 큰 소리로 말하다, 비난하다 excuse: 구실, 용서하다, 변명하다, 보아주다, 사과, 핑계, 발뺌, 변명, 면제하다-변명, 면제하다, 이유

63 exhausted: 다 써버린, 다 퍼버린, 소모된, 물이 마른, 고갈된, 지칠대로 지친 exhaustion: 피로, 고갈, 소모, 배출, 철저한 연구, 철저한 검토, 다 써버림, 배기 expected: 기대하는 expense: 비용, 지출, 손실, 희생, 지출금, 비용이 드는 일, 비돈이 드는 일, 소요 경비 experienced: 노련한, 경험을 가진, 체험된, 경험있는, 숙련된 explain: 설명하다, 변명하다, 덧붙이기, 해석하다, 허사, 욕설, 군더더기, 해명하다 explanation: 설명, 변명, 뜻, 해명, 해석, 해설, 설명이 되는 말, 의견 나누기 express: 명시된, 명백한, 표시하다, 특별히, 표현하다, 급행의, 지급편, 특별한, 정확한, 지급편으로 보내다, 운송회사 expression: 표정, 표현, 말투, 식, 가락, 말씨, 압착, 표현법 expressive: 표정이 풍부한, 표현의, 표현하는, 의미 심장한, 표현이 풍부한, 나타내는, 표현적인 extreme: 극도의, 과격한, 극도, 극단, 맨끝의, 양극단, 극단적인 수단, 극단의, 맨 끝에 있는 것, 최후의, 최후의.극단 extremely: 극단적으로, 극도록, 대단히, 몹시, 아주, 매우 facade: 정면, 외관, 허울, 사물의 외관, 겉보기, 전면 fail: 실패하다, 부족하다, 낙제하다, 게을리하다, 파산하다, 모자라다, 약해지다, 파산하다-실망시키다, 없다, 흉작이 되다, 약속 따위를 태만히 하다 failed: 실패한 failure: 실패자, 태만, 낙제, 부족, 실패, 파산, 감퇴, 불이행, 고장, 없음, 불충분 faint: 어질어질한, 희미한, 연약한, 기절하다, 쇠약해진, 약해지다, 활기없는, 졸도하다, 엷은, 가냘픈, 힘없는 faithful: 성실한, 신뢰할 수 있는, 신자들, 정확한, 충실한, 충실한 신도들, 정확 fall: 가을, 떨어지다, 분류되다, 폭포, 뽑히다, 함락, 우연히 오다, 쇠미, 강하하다, 내리막, 강하 fallen: 타락한, 쓰러진, 파멸한, 죽은, 떨어진, 전복된 falling: 낙하, 타락, 함락, 떨어지는, 전도, 내리는, 추락, 하락하는, 타락하는, 강하, 붕괴

64 familiar: 친한, 흔한, 길들여진, 부담없는, 뻔뻔스러운, 스스럼없는, 탁터놓은, 잘 알고있는, 잘 알려져있는, 잘알고있는, 잘알려져있는 fancy: 변덕, 공상하다, 취미, 공상, 애호가들, 좋아하다, 도락, 터무니 없는, 공상력, 공상의, 애호물로 색다른 동물 등을 기르다 fashion: 유행, 형, 방법, 종류, 형성하다, 유행아-형성하다, 처럼, 맞추다, 인기있는 사람, 인기있는 물건, 상류 사회의 사람들 fast: 빠른, 빨리, 단단한, 저항력이 있는, 굳게, 방탕하여, 착착, 단식하다, 푹, 재빠른, 고감도의 favour: 호의, 정실, 이익, 친절, 은혜, 은고, 부탁, 호의를 보이다, 편애하다, 편애, 즐겨 착용하다 favourite: 마음에 드는 것, 인기 있는 사람 마음에 드는, 마음에 드는, 인기 있는 말, 좋아하는 사람, 특히 잘하는, 특히 좋아하는 물건 fear: 경외하다, 무서워하다, 걱정하다, 공포, 두려움, 경외, 걱정, 근심, 근심하다, 망설이다, 무서움 feather: 깃털, 깃털이 나다, 날개처럼 움직이다, 깃으로 장식하다, 깃털 같이 난 털, 상태, 조류, 종류, 페더링, 항적, 살깃 feeble: 약한, 연약한, 희미한, 의지가 박약한 feed: 공급하다, 먹이를 먹다, 만족시키다, 기르다, 공급재료, 먹을 것을 줌, 사료, 식사공급, 음식물을주다, 식사, 음식물을 주다 feeding: 급송, 급수, 송전, 목초지, 먹음, 사양, 거세지는, 급송하는, 음식물을 섭취하는, 섭식 feeling: 느낌, 감각, 촉감, 감수성, 동정, 지각, 흥분, 감각이 있는, 다감한, 느끼는, 감정 feet: 발 fell: 벌채, 공그르기, 쳐서 넘어 뜨리다, 내리다, 내려가다, 드리워지다, 쓰러지다, 수피, 새어 나오다, 넘어가다, 다가오다 fetch: 가져오다, 도달하다, 내다, 오게하다, 불러오다, 팔리다, 가하다, 가하다-물건을가져오다, 갖다 주다, 물건을가져오다, 의 마음을 사로잡다 few: 별로없는, 적은, 거의 없는, 조금은 있는, 수가 적은 fiery: 불의, 염증을 일으킨, 불빛의, 불같은, 불타고있는, 격하기 쉬운, 작열하는, 열렬한, 얼얼한, 인화하기 쉬운, 폭발하기 쉬운 fifteen: 십오, 열 다섯

Metamorphosis filled: 차는, 충족시키는, 흡족하게 하는, 흙으로 돋우는, 팽팽하게 하는, 차지하는, 채우는, 가득 따르는, 조제하는, 섞어 넣는, 바람을 가득 받는 filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설 final: 결정적인, 목적의, 최후의 것, 결승전, 최종시험, 최종의, 목적을 나타내는, 말끝의, 마지막의, 최후의 finally: 최후로, 마침내, 최종적으로 finances: 재원 finger: 손가락, 손가락을 대다, 탄주하다, 켜다, 손가락 모양의 물건, 만지다, 을 손가락으로 젖히다, 을 손가락으로 넘기다, 악기가 손가락으로 연주되다, 손가락으로 만지다, 손가락 폭 finished: 끝마친, 완전한, 끝낸, 완성된, 몰락한, 사라져가는, 죽어가는 firm: 굳은, 단단히, 굳게, 견고한, 굳어지다, 변동없는, 합자회사, 고정된, 상사, 강경한, 굳게 하다 firmly: 굳게, 견고하게, 단단하게, 확고하게, 단단히, 단호하게 fist: 필적, 주먹, 주먹으로 치다, 손, 손가락표, 손표, 손가락 표, 조종하다, 주먹으로 때리다, 파악 fitted: 장비하여, 을 갖추어, 꼭 맞게 만들어진 fixed: 부정하게 결정된, 응고된, 짬짜미의, 고정된, 내밀히 결정된, 결정된, 충분히 마련되어, 충분히 지급되어, 응고한 flank: 측면, 측면을지키다, 옆구리, 구리, 부대의측면, 부대의 측면, 측면의, 의 측면에 서다, 측면에 위치하다, 측면을 공격하다 flat: 노골적인, 맛없는, 김빠진, 광택없는, 단조로운, 편평한, 불경기의, 납작한, 납죽엎드린, 공기가빠진, 평평하게 flee: 도망하다, 사라지다, 질주하다, 달아나다, 도망치다, 급속히 경과하다, 서두르다, 급속히 지나가다 flesh: 고기, 육체, 살, 인류, 육욕, 식육, 생물, 살집, 살색, 과육, 친척 flight: 날기, 도주, 비행, 패주, 고양, 경과, 우주여행, 항공여행, 비행술, 떼, 떼지어 날다 floating: 유동하는, 떠있는, 부동하는, 부동적인, 변동하는, 부동, 부유, 유리성의, 해상에 있는, 떠 있는 floor: 층, 의원석, 제작, 발언권, 최저가격, 촬영소, 마루, 입회장, 마루를 깔다, 바닥, 마루바닥에 앉히 flow: 흐름, 유출량, 범람시키다,

밀물, 밀다, 많이있다, 쓸리다, 흐르게하다, 흐르다, 머리칼이 늘어지다, 냇물 flown: 혼합 색으로 장식한 fluid: 유동성의, 유동체, 변하기 쉬운, 유체, 아름답고 부드러운, 곧잘 변하는, 현금화될 수 있는 flying: 나는 듯이 빠른, 나는, 질주, 비행, 공중에 뜨는, 급히 서두르는, 솜나부랑이, 공중에 떠도는, 흩날리는 것, 펄럭이는, 뛰어 달아나는 fog: 안개, 안개로 덮다, 혼미, 당혹, 당황케 하다, 흐려지다, 두번째 풀, 안개가 끼다, 풀을 서서 마른 채로 내버려 두다, 선채로 마른 풀, 흐림의 fond: 어리석은, 다정한, 정에 무른, 사랑에 빠진, 실없는, 애정있는, 좋아서, 토대, 레이스의 바닥 천, 기초, 좋아하는 food: 양식, 식량, 식품, 자양분, 먹을 것, 양분, 음식 foot: 발, 운각, 보병, 최하부, 아랫 부분, 산기슭, 발부분, 딛다, 걷다, 말석, 걸음 force: 힘, 폭력, 무력, 완력, 지배력, 효력, 압력, 경찰대, 강탈하다, 떠맡기다, 폭포 forced: 억지의, 강제의, 억지로지은, 강요된, 긴급 때 행하는, 억지로 지은, 무리한 forefinger: 집게손가락, 집게 손가락 forehead: 이마, 전부, 앞부분, 부분, 앞 부분 forget: 잊다, 잊어버리다, 게을리하다, 잊고 두고오다, 깜빡 잊다, 말할 것을 잊다, 잊고 두고가다 forgive: 용서하다, 삭치다, 빚을탕감하다, 빚을 탕감하다, 면제하다, 삭히다, 관대히 봐주다 forgotten: 망각된 forks: 포크 former: 앞의, 이전의, 전자의, 형성자, 만드는 도구, 구성자, 권형, 모형, 형, 전의, 전자 formerly: 이전에, 전에, 먼저, 옛날에, 원래는, 지난날 forth: 앞으로, 밖으로, 보이는곳에, 에서 바깥에, 보이는 곳에, 이후 fortunately: 다행히도, 운좋게, 다행히 forward: 앞으로, 전방의, 회송하다, 급진적인, 촉진하다, 발송하다, 진보적인, 앞에, 철 이른, 전방으로의, 조숙한 fourteen: 네째의, 네째로, 십사, 열넷, 제4 frame: 구조, 뼈대, 액자, 기구, 테, 체격, 모양, 조직, 진행하다,

Franz Kafka 적합하게 하다, 틀을 잡다 freedom: 자유, 특권, 면제, 자유독립, 해면, 자유사용권, 자유 자재, 솔직함, 뛰어난 승차감, 제멋대로 함, 해방되어 있음 freely: 아낌없이, 마음대로, 인심 후하게, 자유로이, 자유롭게, 허물없이 french: 프랑스의, 프랑스어, 프랑스인, 가늘게 자르다, 프랑스 말, 프랑스 국민, 불어, 프랑스, 프랑스 사람 frenzy: 격앙, 광란, 열광, 격앙시키다, 격분, 광포 frequent: 자주가다, 늘모이다, 상습적인, 수많은, 자주 일어나는, 자주일어나는, 빈번한 frequently: 종종, 자주, 때때로, 빈번히 fresh: 새로운, 신선한, 뻔뻔스러운, 원기좋은, 건방진, 경험이없는, 상쾌한, 선명한, 새로이, 초기, 새롭게하다 fretsaw: 실톱 friend: 친구, 벗, 자기편, 근친, 동지, 지지자, 의 친구가 되다, 퀘이커, 프렌드파, 도와주는 사람, 동반자 friendly: 친한, 친절한, 호의를보이는, 형편좋은, 붙임성 있는, 우정이있는, 친구의, 친절, 친구처럼, 우호적인, 친선경기 frightening: 놀라운, 무서운 fro: 이리저리, 저쪽에, 앞뒤로, 저쪽으로 front: 전선, 태도, 표면, 싸움터, 전면, 용모, 을 향하다, 정면의, 앞쪽, 으로, 앞면에 붙이다 fruit: 과일, 자손, 결과, 생산물, 소산, 과실, 에 열매를 맺게하다, 열매를 맺다, 과일이 생기다, 수확물, 수확 fully: 충분히, 꼬박, 꼭 funny: 이상한, 우스운, 혼자서 젓는 길쭉한 보트, 농담, 우습게, 재미있게, 만화란, 익살맞은, 기분이 언짢은 fur: 모피, 거웃, 부드러운 털, 부드러운 모피를 붙이다, 백태가 생기다, 외음부, 모피의, 부드러운털, 모피 동물, 백태 furnishings: 복식품, 가구, 비품, 비치된 가구, 건구, 가구의 설비 furniture: 가구, 비품, 내용, 부속 쇠붙이, 갖추어진것 future: 미래, 미래의, 약혼자, 미래 시제, 장래의, 장래, 미래시제, 선물계약, 선물, 미래 시제의, 전도 gain: 획득하다, 이득, 더 가다, 늘다, 증가, 이익, 잘되다, 진보, 벌이, 끌어들이다, 나아가다

game: 농담, 경기, 승부의 점수, 경기회, 책략, 유희, 오락, 한판, 용감한, 끝까지 버티다, 내기하다 gas: 가스, 기체, 가스를 내다, 서두르다, 가솔린, 허풍, 웃음가스, 가스로 중독 시키다, 독가스를 뿌리다, 독가스, 객적은 소리 gaslight: 가스등, 가스등의 점화구, 가스등 시대의, 가스등의 불빛, 가스불 gather: 채집하다, 모으다, 개더, 거두어들이기, 긴장시키다, 증가하다, 내다, 찌푸리다, 짜내다, 수금, 추측하다 gentle: 온화한, 구더기, 길들이다, 얌전한, 품위 있는, 양갓집 사람, 지체 높은, 상냥한, 친절한, 어루만지다, 온순한 gentleman: 남자분, 신사, 모험가, 종복, 협잡꾼, 지체높은사람, 수입이 있지만 직업이 없는남자, 남자용 변소, 남자, 유한계급, 그 남자 gentlemen: 남자분, 신사, 아마추어 선수, 남자용 화장실, 유산 유한 계급의 사람, 귀족이 아니면서 가문을 다는 특권을 가진 사람 gently: 점잖게, 부드럽게, 서서히, 양반답게, 조용히, 완만하게, 온화하게, 예의범절이 바르게, 우아하게, 천천히, 친절히 gifted: 타고난 재능이 있는, 천부의 재주가 있는, 수재의, 매우 머리가 좋은, 천부의 재능이 있는 gilded: 금도금한, 화려한 girl: 계집아이, 소녀, 하녀, 젊은 여자, 숫처녀, 여자, 애인, 여급, 거얼 glad: 기쁜, 유쾌한, 기쁜 듯한, 글라디올러스, 기뻐서 glance: 빗나가다 흘긋 돌리다, 훑어 보다, 잠깐 언급되다, 잠깐 보아서, 흘긋 봄, 일견하다, 흘긋 돌리다, 스치고 지나가 다, 흘긋, 일견, 번쩍 빛나다 glancing: 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 넌지시 빗대는, 맞고 빗나가는, 번쩍이는, 번뜩이는 glass: 컵, 거울, 유리, 유리를 끼우다, 안경, 현미경, 온도계, 쌍안경, 술, 글라스, 유리면 gleeful: 즐거운, 매우 기뻐하는, 흥겨운, 기분이 썩 좋은, 대단히 기분이 좋은, 유쾌한, 매우 기쁜 god: 조물주, 신, 하느님, 우상, 신격화하다, 숭배하다, 삼등석의 관객, 중요한 사람, 천주, 하나님, 천제 goes: 미국의 정지 기상 위성 gold: 금, 금의, 금도금, 부, 황금, 금으로 만든, 금빛, 금화, 금제품,

65 과녁의 한복판, 금색 gone: 지나간, 가망 없는, 깊이 들어간, 영락한, 일류의, 훌륭한, 희미한, 임신한, 과녁을 빗나간, 틀린, 흘딱 반한 goodness: 친절, 미덕, 선량함, 좋음, 신, 선량, 미점 gossip: 잡담, 험담, 소문, 수다, 수다쟁이, 남의 이야기를 퍼뜨리고 돌아다니다, 잡담을 하다 gradually: 차차, 차례로, 차츰, 단계적으로, 점차로 grand: 멋진, 웅대한, 중대한, 위대한, 굉장한, 거만한, 장엄한, 전부의, 주되는, 거룩한, 큰 grant: 허가, 인가, 하사, 승낙하다, 인정하다, 수여하다, 교부, 양도, 양도하다, 교부금, 내리다 grasp: 잡다, 지배, 쥐다, 쥠, 잡으려 하다, 자루, 이해하다, 이해, 달려들다, 손잡이, 이해력 gratitude: 감사 greatly: 위대하게, 매우, 크게, 대단히, 훨씬, 숭고하게, 심히, 관대하게 greedily: 욕심내어, 게걸스레, 게걸스럽게 greeting: 인사말, 인사, 인사장, 환영 grey: 회색의, 회색, 노년의, 쥐색 옷감, 쥐색의 그림 물감, 태고의, 회색 옷, 회색 옷감, 회색으로 되다, 회색의 그림 물감, 회색의 그림 염료 grin: 이빨을 드러내다, 씩웃다, 히죽히죽 웃음, 이를 악물고 감정을 나타내다, 이를 드러내고 웃다, 이를 드러내고 나타내다, 이를 드러내고 감정을 나타내다, 싱글싱글 웃음, 이를 악물고 나타내다 ground: 어스, 흙, 바탕, 기초, 좌초시키다, 정원, 좌초하다, 근거, 지면, 땅, 접지 groundless: 근거 없는, 근거없는, 기초없는 grounds: 근거, 기초, 장소, 찌끼 gruff: 거친, 난폭한, 쉰 목소리의, 거친 목소리의 guest: 손님, 빈객, 내방자, 숙박인, 기생 동물, 기생 식물 gush: 복받침, 과시, 용솟음, 분칠하다, 분출, 분출 하다, 용솟음쳐 나오게 하다, 지껄여대다, 흘러나오다 habit: 습관, 버릇, 습성, 에 살다, 복장, 기질, 체질, 여성승마복, 입히다, 여성 승마복, 의복 hair: 털, 머리털, 털모양의것, 머리가 하얗다, 극히 약간의 물건, 머리카락, 간신히, 털의, 털처럼 생긴 것, 털끝만치의것, 털끝만치

66 hall: 현관, 사무소, 홀, 넓은방, 회당, 회관, 조합본부, 저택, 복도, 대 식당, 교사 hallway: 현관, 복도 halt: 망설이다, 정지, 정지시키다, 정류소, 다리를 절다, 불완전하다, 휴지시키다, 절름발이, 서, 멈추다, 간이역 handle: 핸들, 자루, 기회, 대우하다, 손잡이, 장사하다, 구실, 논하다, 처리하다, 철저히, 지휘하다 hands: 소유, 일군 hang: 교살하다, 걸다, 조금도, 벽에 바르다, 걸림새, 취지, 늘어뜨리다, 방식, 사용법, 요령, 늘어지다 hanging: 교수형, 임박한, 매달린, 커튼, 걸린 것, 교살, 내리막, 교수형에 처할, 급경사, 급경사의, 매달기 happen: 일어나다, 생기다, 우연히...하다, 우연히 일어나다, 우연히 만나다, 우연히 있다 happening: 사건, 우발사, 해프닝, 사고 happy: 적절한, 행복한, 교묘한, 행운의, 유쾌한, 즐거운, 행복하다, 다행한, 얼근히 취한, 행복을 더 하는 hard: 애써서, 열심히 일하는, 튼튼한, 단단한, 열심히, 굳은, 중노동, 징역, 딱딱한, 몹시, 상륙장 hardly: 간신히, 애써서, 고생하여, 가혹하게, 엄하게, 하기가 무섭게, 겨우, 아마 ...아니다, 거의...않다, 심하게 harm: 해, 손해, 된서리 맞다, 해악, 손상, 상해, 해치다 harmful: 해로운 harshly: 거칠게, 엄하게, 귀에 거슬릴만큼, 거치게 hat: 푹쉬다, 추기경의 빨간 모자, 모자 hazard: 우연, 위험, 운, 모험, 걸다, 주사위 놀이의 일종, 해보다, 위태롭게 하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고 하다, 주사위 도박의 일종 headboard: 침대따위의 머리판, 머리쪽 판자, 머리판 heads: 머릿 수 healthy: 건강한, 건강에 좋은, 건전한 hear: 들어주다, 듣다, 들리다, 청취하다, 재판하다, 방청하다, 소문으로 듣다, 승낙하다, 에 관해 들어 알고 있다, 을 듣다, 이 들리다 hearer: 듣는 사람, 방청자, 청취자 hearing: 청력, 듣기, 들어주기, 들리는 거리, 청각, 경청, 가청거리, 청위, 청취, 들리는 범위, 심문 heart: 심장, 가슴, 애정, 중심, 용기, 본심, 마음속, 마음, 원기, 핵심, 중앙

Metamorphosis heavily: 느릿느릿, 무겁게, 묵직하게, 힘에겨운듯이, 무겁게 육중하게, 무거운 듯이, 답답하게, 몹시, 엄숙하고 무게있게 heaving: 올림, 끌어올림, 들어올림 heavy: 무거운, 대량의, 격렬한, 무거운 사람, 묵직한, 모진, 악인역, 도가 강한, 다액의, 고된, 심한 hefty: 무거운, 억센 사람, 강건한, 강한, 많은, 무거운 사람, 상당한, 억센 heir: 후계자, 계승자, 사자, 상속인, 후계하다, 남자 상속인 helping: 도움, 조력, 거들어줌, 조력 구원의, 한번담는 분량, 돕는 도움이 되는, 거들기 helpless: 의지할 데 없는, 무력한, 어찌할 도리 없는, 의지할 사람이 없는, 어찌할 수 없는, 의지할 곳이 없는 helplessly: 의지할 데 없이, 어쩔 도리없이, 어찌할 수 없이, 의지할 데 없는, 힘없이 herself: 그 여자 자신, 그녀는, 그녀 자신 hidden: 숨겨진, 숨은 hide: 숨다, 피혁, 때리다, 짐승의 가죽, 숨기다, 심하게 매질하다, 짐승 가죽, 숨기기, 숨는 장소 highly: 높이, 크게, 고도로, 높은 자리에 hinder: 방해하다, 뒤의, 뒤쪽의, 방해가 되다, 방해가되다, 후방의 hiss: 쉿하다, 쉬이하다, 쉭쉭하는 소리를 내면서 나타내다, 시하고 불만의 소리를 내다, 시이시이하는 소리를 내면서 말하다, 시이시이하는 소리를 내면서 나타내다, 시이시이 하기, 스음, 슈웃하는 소리를 내다, 쉿하는 소리를 내다, 쉿하고 제지하다 hissing: 쉿소리 나기, 시이시이하기의 스음, 치찰음의, 쉭쉭하기의 스음 hit: 히트, 치다, 안타, 우연히 발견하다, 타격, 명언, 부닥치다, 에 공교롭게 부닥치다, 요구하다, 생각이 미치다, 빗댐 hold: 지탱하다, 소유하다, 끌다, 품다, 효력이 있다, 유지하다, 견디다, 보류하다, 잡다, 쥐다, 나아가다 holder: 소유자, 받치는 것, 보유자 holding: 소유주, 보유, 소유, 유지, 지주, 토지, 파지, 홀딩, 보유지, 토지 보유, 공을 잠시 받치고 있기 holiday: 공휴일, 휴일, 축일, 휴가, 즐거운, 주일, 휴일의, 휴식 homework: 숙제, 집안일, 사전 조사,

복습, 가내공업, 예습 honour: 명예, 도의심, 면목, 명성, 우등, 존경, 끗수가 가장 높은 패, 명예가 되는 것, 명예상, 에 영광을 주다, 인수하다 hope: 희망하다, 바라다, 기대, 호프, 희망, 유망한 사람, 희망을 품다, 기대하다, 소망, 바람, 희망을 주는 것 hopefully: 유망하게, 아마, 희망을 걸고, 희망을 가지고, 잘만 되면, 바라건대 horrible: 무서운, 심한, 지겨운, 무시무시한, 오싹할 만큼 싫은 hospital: 병원, 수선소, 자선 시설 hostile: 적의, 적대하는, 적의 있는 hot: 뜨거운, 데우다, 열렬한, 격렬한, 격한, 더운, 흥분시키는, 호색적인, 열심인, 속도를 더내다, 매운 hotel: 호텔, 여관, 저택 hour: 시각, 시, 시간, 한시간, 영업시간, 한 시간, 시과, 사기, 때, 근무 시간, 계절의 여신들 household: 가족, 가사의, 가족의, 온 집안 사람, 가정, 동지, 왕실 housekeeper: 가정부, 주부, 하녀 우두머리, 관리인 human: 사람의, 인간에게 있기 쉬운, 인간적인, 인간다운, 인류, 인간, 사람 humanly: 인간답게, 인정상으로, 경험으로, 인정에서, 인력으로, 인간적 견지에서, 인간적 견지에 humbly: 낮추고, 겸손히 humility: 겸손, 겸허 hundred: 백, 다수, 많은, 많이, 굵은 설탕, 무수, 백의, 백달러, 백사람, 백의 기호, 백야드 경주 hunger: 굶주림, 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 공복, 갈망, 기근, 배가 고프다, 열망하다, 굶주리게 하다, 열망 hungry: 갈망하는, 배고픈, 공복의, 굶주린, 메마른, 몹시 원하는, 불모의, 식욕을 일으키는 hurried: 매우 급한, 재촉하는 hurriedly: 매우 급히, 서둘러서 hurry: 서두르다, 서두름, 허둥대어, 급함, 서두르게하다, 쉽사리, 서두를 필요, 사구, 서두르게 하다, 진음곡, 열심 hurt: 상처, 고통, 다치다, 부상, 부상을 입히다, 상처를 입히다, 아프다, 상처를 입다, 해를 입다, 에 상처를 내다, 상하게 하다 ill: 서투른, 병든, 나쁜, 나쁘게, 불행, 악, 불친절하게, 불친절한, 고난, 병고, 형편이 나쁜 illness: 병 illustrated: 삽화가 많은신문, 삽화를

Franz Kafka 넣은, 삽화가 든 imaginable: 상상할 수 있는 imagination: 상상, 상상력, 창작력, 공상, 창조력, 심상, 구상력, 망상이해력 imagine: 생각하다, 상상하다, 추상하다, 미루어 생각하다, 의 뜻에서, 추측하다꾀하다, 상상력을 동원하다, 상, 추측하다 immaculate: 결점없는, 깨끗한, 흠없는, 깨끗한 순결한, 때 묻지 않은, 반점없는, 완전한, 티없는, 죄없는, 오점없는, 결점이 없는 immediate: 직접의, 즉시의, 즉각의, 당면한, 목하의, 바로앞의 인접한, 가까운, 당장의, 아주 가까운 immediately: 곧, 즉시로, 직접, 즉시, 바로 가까이에, 인접하여, 곧장, 즉각, 하자마자, 바로 immobile: 움직일 수 없는, 부동의, 고정된, 움직이지 않는, 정지의, 움직이기 힘드는 impatient: 성마른, 안달하는, 참을수 없는, 갈망하는몹시기다려지는, 못 견디는, 성급한, 안절부절 못하는, 조바심하는, 참을성없는, 탐나서 못견디는 impatiently: 성급하게, 안절부절 못하는, 조바심하며, 참을수 없는, 못 견디는, 성마른 imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, 탄원하는 importune: 괴롭히다, 성가시게 부탁하다, 을 끈덕지게 조르다, 조르다, 에게 끈질기게 조르다 impose: 강요하다, 속이다, 과하다, 정판하다, 떠맡기다, 부과하다, 지우다, 속여서 사게하다, 안기다, 안수하다, 에 편승하다 편승하다 impossible: 불가능한, 참을수 없는, 지독한, 있을 수없는, 어림도 없는, 믿기어려운, 몹시 이상한, 몹시 싫은, 어려운, 있을 수 없는, 괴상망측한 impression: 인상, 날인, 흔적, 느낌, 자국, 생각, 인쇄, 감명, 영향, 의치의 본, 인각 improvement: 개선, 진보, 향상, 개량, 이용, 개량된 것, 개량 공사, 개수공사이용 활용 inaccessible: 접근하기 어려운, 친해지기 어려운, 움직여 지지 않는, 얻기 힘든, 얻기, 도달하기, 난해한, 가까이 가기, 어려운, 가까이하기 어려운 incapable: 무능한, 무력한, 허용하지 않는, 할수 없는, 자격이 없는, 자격 없는, 을 못하는, 에 견딜 수 없는, 불가능한, 무자격자, 무능자 inch: 인치, 소량, 신장, 조금씩

움직이다, 키, 작은섬, 조금, 강우량 단위, 조금씩 움직이게 하다 incomprehensible: 무한한, 불가해한, 무한한것, 이해할 수 없는, 이해할수 없는 incredible: 믿어지지 않는, 엄청난, 거짓말 같은, 굉장한, 놀라운, 믿기 어려운, 신용할수 없는, 놀랄만한 indeed: 참으로, 과연, 정말로, 실로, 정말, 과연그래, 하기는 그래, 하긴, 설마, 그렇기는 커녕, 대단히 indifferent: 무관심한, 공평한, 중성의, 치우치지 않는, 개의치 않는, 평범한, 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은, 변변치 않은중성의, 중립의, 중요치 않은, 시원치 않은 individual: 독특한, 개인, 사람, 개체, 개인의, 개개의, 단일의, 개인적인, 한단위, 개인용의, 특유의 개성을 발휘한 inedible: 먹을 수 없는, 식용에 적합치 않은, 먹기에 알맞지 않은 infant: 유아, 유아의, 초기의, 소아, 미성년의, 미성년자, 유치한, 유아용, 소아의, 아이 infirm: 약한, 허약한, 연약한, 박약한, 결단력없는, 가냘픈, 우유부단한 inflamed: 염증을 일으킨, 충혈한, 얼굴이 빨개진, 흥분한 influence: 영향, 세력, 감화력, 좌우하다, 유도, 감응력, 움직이다, 감화를 주다, 작용, 위력, 영향을 미치다 inherited: 상속한는 injured: 부상한, 감정이 상한, 손상된, 다친, 감정을 상한, 상처입은, 부상자들, 다쳐서 injury: 상해, 손해, 무례, 권리침해, 명예훼손, 모욕, 부당, 손해해침, 위법행위, 위해, 무욕 inner: 내부의, 안의, 정신의, 영적인, 밥통, 비밀의, 위, 영혼, 안쪽의, 과녁의 내권내권 명중, 식욕 innocent: 순진한, 죄없는, 호인, 결백한, 흠없는, 결백한 사람, 때묻지 않은, 무식한, 무해의, 무해한, 바보 inseparably: 분리할 수 없는 inside: 내부, 내부에, 안쪽, 내부의, 배, 내막, 안쪽의, 내부에 있는, 인가에 가까운 부분, 내면에, 내면의 insist: 주장하다, 우기다, 강요하다, 고집하다, 억지로 하게 하다, 역설하다, 끝까지 우기다, 강력히 주장하다 insistent: 강요하는, 주의를 끄는, 끈덕진, 눈에 띄는, 뚜렷한, 두드러진 instance: 경우, 보기로 들다, 소송, 예, 권고, 권유, 실례, 시사, 제의, 보기실례, 부탁

67 instead: 의 대신에, 그 대신으로서 institute: 학회, 임명하다, 회관, 규칙, 협회, 시작하다, 원칙, 설립하다, 원리, 관습, 강습회 instrument: 기계, 기구, 악기, 증서, 앞잡이, 수단, 방편, 조격의, 악기의, 도구, 기계의 insurance: 보험, 보험 계약, 보험금, 대비, 보험료, 보호, 보증, 보증의, 보험 증권, 보험 증권의, 보험의 intended: 고의의, 약혼자, 계획된, 미래의, 의도된, 미래의 남편, 예정된 intending: 미래의.지망하는 intent: 의미, 의지, 열심인, 취지, 목적, 의향, 사실상, 열중하여, 집중된, 여념이 없는, 여념없는 intention: 의지, 결혼할 의사, 의미, 취지, 목적, 의향, 치유, 유합, 합창 intercede: 중재하다, 조정하다, 중간에 들어 조정하다 interrupted: 중단된, 가로막힌, 단속적인, 중절된 introduction: 소개, 피로, 도입, 채용, 수입, 받아들임, 첫수입, 서편, 전래, 서론, 서설 invalid: 병약한, 병약자, 병자, 무효의, 병약자 취급을 받다, 병약하게 되다, 병약자로서 면제하다, 병약하게 하다, 상병으로 현역에서 제대하다, 상이 군인 명부에 기입하다, 허약한 invariably: 변화없이, 반드시, 일정 불변하게, 일정 불변하게 늘 investigate: 조사하다, 연구하다, 수사하다 invisible: 눈에 보이지 않는, 신, 영계, 눈에 안보이는, 모습을 나타내지 않는, 숨은, 얼굴을 보이지 않는, 얼굴을 내놓지 않는 involved: 뒤얽힌, 혼란한, 복잡한, 곤란한, 열중하여, 깊이 관련된, 말려든 irregular: 불규칙한, 변칙적인, 반칙의, 고르지않은, 갖추지 못한, 고르지 못한, 비정규군, 규격에 맞지 않는 상품, 규율없는, 규율이 없는, 난잡한 irritably: 과민한, 성마른, 자극 반응력이 있는, 성 잘 내는, 염증을 잘 일으키는 irritation: 자극, 염증, 성남, 아픔, 짜증, 화냄, 짜증나게 함, 화, 자극하는것, 짜증나는것, 성나게 함 itch: 가려움, 가렵다, 근질근질하다, 참을수 없는, 하고 싶어 좀이 쑤시다, 갈망, 못견디다, 열망, 옴, 욕망, 가려운 item: 세목, 조목, 항목, 품목, 종목, 조항, 한절, 마찬가지로, 또,

68 신문기사, 또한 jaw: 턱, 수다, 입부분, 잔소리하다, 잔소리, 어귀, 군소리하다, 입 부분, 설교하다, 남에게 설교하다, 골짜기 따위의 좁다란 입구 jaws: 입 부분, 좁다란 입구 jewellery: 보석류, 보석 장식, 보석 세공 join: 결합하다, 인접하다, 만나다, 함께 되다, 타다, 협력하다, 합하다, 합병하다, 연결하다, 돌아오다, 입회하다 joining: 결합하는, 결합하는 것, 접합하는, 접합하는 것 joy: 즐거움, 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 기쁘게 하다, 기쁨거리, 행복, 기쁘게 해주다, 기쁨을 주는 것 judge: 판단하다, 재판관, 재판하다, 판사, 사사기, 심판자, 비판하다, 사사, 판결을내리다, 판결을 내리다, 심판하는 사람 jump: 뛰다, 뛰어 오르게 하다, 일치하다, 뛰어 넘다, 뛰어오르다, 폭등하다, 에서 벗어나다, 움찔하다, 비약하다, 생략하다, 뛰어 옮기다 junior: 손아래의, 후배, 연소자, 동생의, 후배의, 하위의, 청소년용의, 후진의, 삼년생, 이세, 삼년생의 junk: 정크, 마약, 쓰레기, 고철, 낡은밧줄, 넌센스, 소금에 절인 고기, 허튼말, 헌신문, 쓰레기로 버리다, 못 쓸것 keeping: 부양, 유지, 조화, 관리, 보존, 축하, 보관, 일치 key: 키, 산호초, 열쇠, 해답, 볼트, 색조, 가락, 주요한, 핀, 건, 중요한 사람 kiss: 키스, 당과의 일종, 키스하다, 굴욕을 당하다, 가볍게 스치다, 접촉하다, 에 키스하다, 에 가볍게 스치다, 가볍게 스치기 kitchen: 부엌, 주방, 부엌의, 부엌용의 knees: 무릎 knife: 나이프, 메스, 식칼, 단도로 찌르다, 나이프로 베다, 비겁한 수법으로 해치우려 하다, 칼, 수술용 칼, 해치우려고 하다, 헤치며 나아가다, 음흉한 수단으로 해치우려고 하다 knives: 나이프, 칼 knock: 노킹, 노크, 두드리다, 부딪치다, 치다, 튼튼한, 두드림, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 깍아내리다, 그 소리, 헐뜯다 knocking: 노킹, 문두들김 knowing: 멋진, 빈틈 없는, 아는 체하는, 알고 있는, 지식, 멋있는, 사물을 아는, 앎, 잘 알고 있는, 모자

Metamorphosis 따위 멋있는, 빈틈없는 laboriously: 부지런한, 힘드는 labouring: 애쓰는, 고생하는, 노동에 종사하는 lack: 결핍, 모자라다, 결핍되다, 부족, 이 결핍되다, 부족하다, 없다, 필요한 또는 바람직한 것의 결핍 lacking: 이 결핍된, 결핍되어 lad: 젊은이, 소년, 남자, 녀석, 일반적으로 남자 lady: 귀부인, 부인, 숙녀, 양, 성모마리아, 기품있는 여성, 모 마리아, 애인, 여자 변소, 여성용 화장실, 여자 lamp: 램프, 광명, 등불, 애써 쓴 형적이 뚜렷하다, 전등, 지식 따위의 광명, 눈, 마음 따위의 광명, 비추다, 빛나다 landed: 소유지의, 토지를 갖고 있는, 토지의, 토지를 소유한, 양륙한, 토지로 된 landing: 상륙, 착륙, 상륙장, 층계 참, 층계참 lap: 무릎, 싸다, 핥다, 기르는 환경, 한바퀴 돌다, 아랫자락, 기꺼이 듣다, 접어겹치다, 한번감기, 처진 부분, 무릎부분 largely: 크게, 주로, 아낌없이, 너그러이, 풍부하게 late: 늦게, 늦은, 밤늦도록, 지난번의, 근년, 더딘, 뒤늦게, 요전의, 작고한, 저물어, 최근 latest: 최근의, 가장 늦은, 최신 유행품, 최신 뉴스, 가장 늦게, 최신의 laugh: 웃다, 웃음, 흥겨워하다, 시키다, 조모하다, 웃으며 ...하다, 곡식 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 웃다, 경치 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 웃다, 물 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 웃다, 소리를 내어 웃다, 웃어서 이르게 하다 lay: 놓다, 위치, 직업, 일, 지형, 노래, 속인의, 꼬인자리, 고정시키다, 과하다, 넘어뜨리다 laying: 부설, 조준, 쌓음, 꼬는 법, 애벌칠, 쌓기, 놓기, 한 배에 깐 알, 끌어 댐, 설치, 한 번에 까는 알 lazy: 느린, 게으른, 태만한, 귀찮은 듯한 leader: 지휘자, 지도자, 유도심문, 주장, 힘줄, 선도자, 주임 변호사, 주륜, 자막, 어린 가지, 선행 지표 leading: 지도, 주요한, 지휘하는, 통솔, 지표, 훌륭한, 세력있는, 이끄는, 주역의, 납세공, 인도하는 leaning: 경향, 경사, 기호 learn: 배우다, 익히다, 외다, 알다, 가르치다, 듣다

learned: 학구적인, 학식 있는, 학자의, 학문상의, 학문이 있는, 학식이 있는 least: 하다못해, 가장적게, 최소, 가장 적게, 가장 작은 leather: 가죽, 가죽 끈으로 때리다, 가죽제품, 가죽을 씌우다, 가죽 제품, 가죽으로 만든, 가죽의, 사람의 피부, 피부, 가죽을 무두질하다 leave: 떠나다, 휴가, 남기다, 잎이 나오다, 놓고가다, 둔채 잊다, 인 채로 두다, 허가, 출발하다, 맡기다, 작별 leaving: 찌꺼기, 잔물, 쓰레기 leg: 다리, 달리다, 버팀대, 걷다, 자락, 지주, 한 진행 구간, 한 직행구거리, 컴퍼스 따위의 다리, 걸상 따위의 다리, 타자의 왼쪽 뒤편 length: 길이, 기간, 세로, 기장, 특정 표준의 길이, 음절의 길이, 정신, 행동의 철저한 범위, 시간적인 길이, 보트의 정신, 모음의 길이 lethal: 치명적인, 치사적인, 치사의 lethargic: 졸린, 노곤한, 혼수상태, 기면증의, 기면성의 letting: 셋집, 임대, 전세아파트 lid: 뚜껑, 눈꺼풀, 모자, 덮개, 규제 lie: 거짓말, 방향, 눕다, 위치, 있다, 기대다, 향, 거짓말하다, 통해 있다, 사기, 소굴 lieutenant: 상관 대리, 부관, 중위, 대위, 경찰의 대장 보좌, 대장 보좌, 소방서의 대장 보좌 lift: 승강기, 승진, 향상시키다, 올림, 도둑, 위로 향함, 높아지다, 제거하다, 올라가다, 걷힘, 캐내다 light: 빛, 밝은, 가벼운, 가볍게, 광명, 밝아지다, 내리다, 경쾌한, 조명, 불, 광선 lighter: 거룻배, 불켜는 사람, 점화기, 라이터, 불을 켜는 것, 불을 켜는 사람, 거룻배로 나르다 lightly: 가볍게, 명랑하게, 부드럽게, 쉽사리, 민첩하게, 경솔히, 사뿐히, 약간, 얕게, 홀가분하게, 조용히 limply: 맥빠지게, 생기없이, 흐느적거리며 lines: 벌과, 단시, 윤곽 listen: 듣다, 따르다, 경청하다, 도청하다, 귀를 기울이다, 들리다, 들어 주다, 처럼 들리다 listening: 청취, 청음, 경청, 귀를 기울임 lit: 문학의, 빛나는, 문학 live: 살다, 생활하다, 존속하다, 남다, 보내다, 살아 있다, 살아있는, 생방송의, 생존하다, 을 상식으로 하다, 재미있게살다 lived: 생명이 ...한

Franz Kafka lively: 명랑한, 쾌할한, 선명한, 활기있는, 잘 튀는, 활발하게, 실감을주는, 실감을 주는, 힘차게, 기운찬, 곡 따위 명랑한 living: 생계, 현존의, 생활, 생활에 관한, 목사의 수입, 살림, 살아있는, 현대의, 활기있는, 흐르고 있는, 자연그대로의 load: 짐, 하중, 적재량, 근심, 섞음질을 하여 독하게 만들다, 무거운 짐, 부담, 싣다, 무겁게 하다, 부하, 총에 장전하다 location: 위치, 로케이션, 야외촬영, 야외 촤영, 야외 촤영지, 위치의 선정 lock: 자물쇠, 챙겨넣다, 타래, 끌어안다, 총기, 한 줌의털, 자물쇠를 채우다, 제륜장차, 가두다, 고착시키다, 자물쇠가 채워지다 locksmith: 자물쇠 제조공, 자물쇠 제조업자 longer: 더 길게 longing: 갈망, 갈망하는, 사모, 고대, 고향을 몹시 그리워하고 있다, 그리움 갈망하는, 동경, 몹시 그리워하는 lose: 실패하다, 지다, 잃다, 벗어나다, 패하다, 줄다, 정신 팔리다, 을 잃게하다, 손해보다, 늦어서 못타다, 쇠하다 losing: 승산없는, 실패의, 패배의, 실패, 지는 loss: 손실, 상실, 실패, 패배, 손해, 어쩔 줄 몰라서, 소모, 감손, 사망자, 보험의 사망자수, 손실물 lost: 진, 허비한, 잃은, 놓친, 길잃은, 정신팔린, 죽인, 파멸된, 잃어버린, 헛되이, 죽은 lot: 몫, 구분하다, 운, 제비, 당첨, 추첨, 무리, 패, 한구획의 토지, 많음, 대지 lots: 훨씬 더, 매우 loud: 큰소리로, 화려한, 떠들썩한, 극성스러운, 소리가 큰, 주제넘는, 불쾌히, 좀 지나치게 화려한, 높은, 야비한, 야하게 loudly: 큰소리로, 화려하게, 고성으로 lovely: 사랑스러움, 멋진, 사랑스러운, 미인, 아름다운, 기쁜 lover: 애호자, 연인, 애인, 찬미자, 문예 따위의 애호자 lower: 낮추다, 내려가다, 누르다, 낮아지다, 꺾다, 내리다, 저하시키는, 하급의, 찌푸린 얼굴, 더 낮게, 비천한 luxury: 사치, 사치품, 쾌락, 호화, 비싼 물건, 유쾌함 lying: 거짓말의, 거짓말쟁이의, 드러눕기, 거짓말하기, 거짓말하는,

드러누워 있는 mad: 미친, 무모한, 열중한, 들떠서 흥청거리는, 공수병에 걸린, 미친 것 같은, 성난, 열광한, 분노 magazine: 잡지, 창고, 탄창, 필름 감는 틀, 군수품, 매거진, 군용창고, 저장된군수품 maid: 소녀, 하녀, 아가씨, 처녀, 잔소리꾼, 조커 빼기, 신부의 들러리, 미혼녀, 계집아이, 여자 maintain: 유지하다, 계속하다, 지지하다, 지속하다, 주장하다, 부양하다, 간수하다, 지탱하다, 건사하다, 후원하다, 옹호하다 marriage: 결혼, 결혼식, 밀접한 결합, 결혼 생활, 매리지, 결혼생활 martyr: 순교자, 박해하다, 죽이다, 으로 괴로워하는 사람, 질병 따위로 늘 고민하는 사람, 늘 고민하는 사람, 불운 따위로 늘 고민하는 사람, 신앙 때문에 죽이다, 주의 때문에 죽이다 matter: 물질, 재료, 질료, 곪다, 중요하다, 본질, 마티에르, 내용, 명제의 본질, 문제, 자료 maybe: 아마, 어찌면 meal: 식사, 거칠게 간 곡식, 굵은 가루, 한 끼, 식사시간, 한끼, 일회분의 착유량, 곡물의 체에 치지 않은 굵은 가루, 한끼 분, 체에 치지 않은 굵은 가루 mealtime: 식사시간, 식사 시간 meantime: 이럭저럭하는 동안에, 그 동안에, 이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는 바뀌어 meanwhile: 그동안, 그 동안에, 이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는 바뀌어 meat: 고기, 식사, 음식, 살, 알맹이, 음식물, 식용 짐승고기 mechanical: 기계의, 물리적인, 기계에 의한, 기계학의, 기게학의, 기계적인, 기계역학의, 기계상의, 직공의 medical: 의학의, 내과의, 내과적인, 의료의, 내과 환자, 개업의, 약의 medicine: 의학, 내복약, 의술, 약, 부적, 마술, 주술, 북미 인디언 사이의 주술, 내과 치료, 내과 meet: 마주치다, 적당한, 만나다, 아는 사이가 되다, 와 서로 만나보다, 하나로 합치다, -을 만나다, 어울리는, 와 마주치다, 교점, 마중하다 melancholy: 우울, 우울한, 습관적인 우울, 우울병, 체질적인 우울, 우울증 member: 일원, 신체의 일부, 수족, 구성원, 기관, 부분, 항, 회원, 사원, 단원, 한 사람 memory: 추억, 기억, 기념, 기억력,

69 죽은 뒤의 명성, 영, 기억의 범위, 개인의 기억력, 메모리, 사후의 명성, 기억의 시간적범위 mention: 이름을 들다, 진술하다, 언급하다, 언급, 이름을 들기, 말하다 mentioned: 상기한, 언급한, 말하는 merely: 단지, 다만 method: 방법, 순서, 방식, 질서, 체계, 메서드 midday: 정오, 대낮, 대낮의 middle: 중앙, 중부, 허리, 중간, 중명사몸통, 한가운데의, 중앙의, 중간물, 중간에 두다, 중간의, 중명사 mild: 가벼운, 온화한, 순한, 유순한, 달콤한, 자극성이 없는, 음식물 따위가 자극성이 없는, 온후한, 따뜻한, 담배 따위가 자극성이 없는, 기후 따위가 따뜻한 milk: 젖, 우유, 유체, 젖 모양의 액체, 통신을 도청하다, 젖이 나다, 전선에서 통신을 도청하다, 유제, 유액, 에서 젖을 짜다, 에서 착취하다 mingle: 섞다, 섞이다, 사귀다, 어울리다, 뒤섞이다 mingled: 섞는, 뒤섞이는 minor: 작은 쪽의, 소, 부전공과목의, 손아래의, 중요하지 않은, 단조, 미성년자, 부전공인, 과목이 부전공인, 단조의, 마이너 리그 minutes: 의사록 miracle: 기적, 불가사의한 물건, 기적극, 불가사의한 것, 불가사의한 사람 misfortune: 불행, 불운, 재난 mistake: 잘못 생각하다, 틀리다, 오해, 잘못, 오해하다, 그르치다, 착각하다 mistrust: 신용하지 않다, 의심하다, 추측하다, 불신, 불신용 mixed: 남녀 혼합의, 섞인, 혼합된, 혼성의, 남녀 혼성의, 머리가 혼란해진, 여러 잡다한 인간으로 이루어진 mixing: 혼성, 음량조정, 믹싱, 음량 조정, 영상 조정 mobility: 기동성, 가동성, 감격성, 유동성, 변덕, 손쉽게 움직일 수 있음, 신속하게 움직일 수 있음, 주소 따위의 유동성, 직업 따위의 유동성, 함대 따위의 기동력, 기동력 modest: 겸손한, 수수한, 수줍은, 조신하는, 그다지 크지 않은, 그다지 많지 않은, 적당한 monogram: 도형화한 머리 글자 등, 짜맞춘 글자, 모노그램 monotonous: 단조로운, 변화가 없어 지루한 monster: 괴물, 거수, 도깨비, 거대한, 악독한 사람, 악독한 사람-거대한,

70 괴상한 모양을 한 것, 극악 무도한 사람, 슈퍼스타 가수, 신경 중추에 작용하는 마약 month: 달, 월, 한달 mood: 기분, 법, 마음, 음계법, 시무룩함, 선법, 서법, 일시적인 기분, 변덕스러움, 방법, 논식 moreover: 더욱이, 그 위에 motionless: 움직이 않는, 퍄, 뭄짓으로 신호하다, 움직이지 않는, 정지한, 정지한-뭄짓으로 신호하다링, 팅삥, 동기가 없는 mouth: 입, 찡그린 얼굴, 부양 가족, 출입구, 건방진 말투, 찌푸린 얼굴, 큰소리로 말하다, 입에 넣고 씹다, 입에 자근자근 씹다, 재갈이나 고삐에 길들게 하다, 언어 기관으로서의 입 move: 움직이다, 운동, 제출하다, 이전하다, 호소하다, 활약하다, 움직임, 이전, 제안하다-움직임, 제안하다, 창자의 배설을 순하게 하다-움직이다 moved: 움직이는 movement: 악장, 운동, 움직임, 변통, 동작, 기계의 움직이는 부분, 나도는 상황, 운전, 진전, 동향, 이동 moving: 움직이는, 동기가 되는, 원동력의, 감동시키는, 움직이게 하는, 움직임 mrs: 여사, 부인, 님 muff: 공을 놓치다, 머프, 얼뜨기, 실수하다, 스포츠에 서툰 사람, 스포츠에 서툰 사람-실수하다, 받다가 놓치다, 토시 비슷한 것, 통, 공을 받다가 놓치다, 그르치기 muffled: 소리를 둔하게 한, 소리를 죽인 music: 음악, 악곡, 악보, 듣기 좋은 소리, 음악적인 음향, 묘음, 대소동, 주악, 음악 감상력 muster: 소집하다, 소집, 점호하다, 검열, 점호, 분발시키다, 집합, 점호를 위해 병사 등을 소집하다, 선원 등을 소집하다, 사람 따위의 집합, 모이다 nap: 보풀, 선잠, 낮잠, 이길 말이 라고 지목하다, 필승마, 졸면서보내다, 잠깐 졸다, 선잠자다, 겉잠, 보풀을 세우다, 잠깐자다 narrow: 제한된, 해협, 좁히다, 좁아지다, 가는, 가까스로의, 마음이 좁은, 한정된, 좁은, 협로, 하협 natural: 자연의, 제자리표, 타고난, 천연의, 자연적인 것, 당연한, 본래의, 자연그대로의, 가공하지 않은, 선천적인, 제자리음 naturally: 당연히, 자연히, 있는 그대로, 물론, 본래, 태어나면서부터,

Metamorphosis 타고나기를, 진짜 그대로, 자연의 힘으로, 실물그대로, 수월하게 near: 가까운, 가까이, 아주 닮은, 거의, 정밀하게, 근친의, 의 가까이에, 검소하게, 관계가 깊은, 친한, 가까이 가다 nearby: 가까운, 가까이에, 가까이로, 근처에, 가까이에서, 가까이의 nearly: 거의, 밀접하게, 가까스로, 정성들여, 가까이에 접근하여, 꼼꼼하게, 대략, 간신히, 아주, 긴밀하게, 정밀하게 necessary: 필요한, 변소, 필수품, 필연적인, 피할수 없는, 생활 필수품, 필요물, 필요한물건, 필연의, 필요한 물건, 필요한 행동 neck: 목, 지협, 목의 길이, 옷깃, 해협, 좁은곳, 서로 목을 껴안고 애무하다, 목옷깃, 목부분, 목덜미살, 목덜미 살 necklace: 목걸이, 교수용 밧줄, 네크리스, 목을 달아매는 끈 needle: 바늘, 자극하다, 받치다, 뾰족한 바위, 바느질하다, 뜨개바늘, 괴롭히다, 나침, 지분거리다, 저울대보, 자침 neglected: 게을리한 neighbour: 동포, 이웃의, 이웃하다, 같은 종류끼리서로 이웃하는 것, 서로 이웃하는 것, 이웃 사람 news: 보도, 뉴스, 기별, 정보, 진문, 기사, 흥미있는 사건, 신문이름, 신문, 소식, 색다른 사건 newspaper: 신문사, 신문, 신문지, 신문의, 신문용지, 신문업무에 종사하다, 신문인쇄용지, 신문 업무에 종사하다 nice: 좋은, 훌륭한, 정밀한, 민감한, 근엄한, 어려운, 니스, 친절한, 난처한, 예쁜, 가리는 것이 많은 nightdress: 잠옷 nobody: 아무도 ... 않다, 하찮은 사람, 무명인, 보잘것 없는 사람, 보잘것없는 사람 noise: 소음, 잡음, 소리, 평판, 소리를 내다, 시끄러움, 야단, 떠들다, 소란, 소문을 내다, 소문을 퍼뜨리다 nonetheless: 그럼에도 불구하고, 역시, 그래도, 그래도 여전히 nonsensical: 무의미한, 터무니 없는, 되지 못한, 시시한, 부조리한 nor: 부정논리화, 보다도, 도 또한 ...않다, 없다, 도 아니다 normally: 정규로, 정상적으로, 보통은, 정상상태로는, 정상에서는, 온당하게, 순리적으로 notice: 통지, 게시, 주의, 주의하다, 고시, 통지하다, 언급하다, 후대, 예고, 주목하다, 통보

noticeable: 주목할 만한, 두드러진, 중요한, 현저한, 눈에 띄는 현저한, 눈에 띄는, 남의 눈을 끄는, 남의 이목을 끄는 noticeably: 눈에 띄게, 두드러지게, 현저하게 nourishment: 자양물, 육성, 양식, 영양물, 영양상태양식, 음식, 음식물, 자양분 공급, 조성 nowadays: 현대, 지금은, 요즈음에는, 요즈음, 오늘날, 오늘날에는 nuisance: 폐, 남에게 폐를 끼치는 행위, 불쾌한 물건, 성가신 물건, 불쾌한사람, 딱한 사정, 귀찮은 일, 방해, 성가신 것, 남에게 폐가 되는 행위, 폐가 되는 행위 numb: 마비된, 감각을 잃은, 언, 무딘, 곱은, 감각을 잃게 하다, 감각을 잃게하다, 마비시키다, 무감각하게 된, 완화시키다, 의 감각을 잃게 하다 numerous: 다수의, 곡조가 아름다운, 많은, 셀수 없이 많은, 수많은 object: 대상, 목적, 물건, 목적어, 물체, 객관, 반대하다, 싫어하다, 불쌍한, 반대 이유로 들다, 감정 따위의 대상 observant: 주의깊은, 관찰력이 예리한, 준수하는, 법 따위의 엄수하는 사람, 관습 따위의 엄수하는 사람, 엄수하는 사람 obstinate: 완고한, 완강한, 난치의, 고집센, 병이 난치의 obvious: 명백한, 분명한, 감정 따위가 노골적인, 노골적인, 농담 따위가 노골적인 obviously: 분명히, 명백하게, 분명하게, 두드러지게 occasionally: 가끔, 이따금, 때때로 occupational: 직업의, 직업에서 생기는, 점령의 occupied: 점령된, 에 종사하고 있는, 가득차 있는 occur: 일어나다, 나타나다, 존재하다, 마음에 떠오르다, 나오다 offer: 나타나다, 제공하다, 제공, 팔려고 내놓다, 꾀하다, 시도하다, 신청, 신청하다, 구혼하다, 헌납, 제언 ones: 그 사람의, 사람의 onto: 의 위에, 의 위로 opening: 개시, 열기, 개시의, 광장, 구멍, 취직자리, 통로, 개통, 서두, 숲속의 공지, 틈 openly: 공공연하게, 터놓고, 숨김없이, 공공연히, 솔직하게 opinion: 의견, 평가, 소신, 판단, 감정, 여론, 선악의 판단, 전문가의

Franz Kafka 의견 opportunity: 기회 opposite: 반대의, 역의, 반대의 것, 마주보는, 의 맞은쪽의, 반대쪽에, 반대쪽의, 반대자, 대생의, 정반대 말, 반대 사람 ordeal: 호된시련, 시죄법, 지독한 시련 originally: 원래, 독창적으로, 최초부터, 처음에는, 처음부터, 본래 ostrich: 타조, 현실 도피자, 레아 ought: 영, 하기로 되어있다, 해야만 한다, 하기로 되어 있다, 빚이 있다, 하여야 한다, 지고 있다, 의무를 지고 있다, 을 지불할 의무가 있다, 을 반제할 의무가 있다, 일 것이다 ourselves: 우리자신, 우리 스스로, 우리들 자신에게, 우리들 자신을, 평상시의 우리들, 평소의 우리들 outside: 바깥쪽의, 최고의, 외관, 바깥쪽, 옥외의, 극한에 달한, 밖으로, 극한, 문밖으로, 외부, 외부의 outstretched: 펼친, 뻗친 overcoat: 외투 overcome: 이겨내다, 극복하다, 압도하다, 지치다, 곤란 따위를 이겨내다, 약화시키다, 극복해 내다, 나쁜 버릇 따위를 이겨내다, 나쁜 버릇 따위를 극복해 내다, 곤란 따위를 극복해 내다, 적 따위를 극복해 내다 overnight: 전날밤의, 전날 밤, 밤새도록, 전날밤에, 일박 허가증, 밤중에 이루어지는, 밤새, 전날밤 overview: 개관 pack: 싸다, 짐을 지우다, 다발, 포장하다, 꾸러미, 꾸리다, 일당, 짐짝, 묶음, 짐을 꾸리다, 운송용의 packed: 만원의, 꽉 찬, 가 가득 채워진 page: 페이지, 문서, 한 페이지의 조판, 사건, 시기, 기록, 페이지를 넘기다, 일생의 일화, 쪽을 넘기다, 제복을 입은 사환, 일화 paid: 유급의, 고용된, 지불필의, 현금으로 치른, 지불이 끝난 pain: 고통, 아픔, 형벌, 애쓰다, 고뇌, 괴로움, 고생한 값으로, 고생, 에게 고통을 주다, 아프다, 벌 pained: 아파하는, 감정이 상한, 싱처 입은, 화난 painful: 아픈, 괴로운, 쓰라린, 고통스럽게, 애써서 painfully: 애써, 고생하여, 수고하여, 아파서, 아파하여 pair: 한 쌍, 부부, 한자루, 두 필의 말, 둘이 한 쌍, 약혼한 남녀, 한 쪽, 한 쌍의 남녀, 한 쌍이 되다, 한 쌍으로

하다, 한쪽 pale: 창백한, 창백하게 하다, 엷게 하다, 어슴푸레한, 엷은, 경계, 창백해지다, 한계, 중앙의 세로줄 무늬, 어둠침침한, 약한 palely: 엷게, 창백하게, 활기없이 paleness: 창백 pane: 창유리, 구역, 에 창유리를 끼우다, 창, 창유리의 한 장 panic: 공황적인, 공황, 열광케 하다, 당황, 낭패, 낭패의, 공포, 당황하다, 목신 팬의, 갈팡질팡하다, 당찮은 pantry: 식료품실, 가정의 식료품 저장실, 식료품 저장실 paper: 신문, 벽지, 종이, 지폐, 신분 증명서, 어음, 한 꾸러미, 도배지, 종이로 싸다, 서류, 불법 주차에 대한 호출장 parents: 부모님 partly: 부분적으로, 얼마간, 어느 정도는, 일부분은, 조금은, 구분적으로 passed: 합격한, 지나가 버린 patch: 반점, 작은 지면, 깁는 헝겊, 일시 미봉하다, 패치, 경작한 좁은 지면, 한 번 바르는 분량의 고약, 에 바대를 대다, 에 쇳조각 따위를 대다, 멋으로 붙이는 헝겊, 헝겊 조각 patience: 인내, 끈기, 혼자 노는 카드 놀이, 혼자 하는 카드 놀이, 혼자서 놀기, 트럼프 따위 혼자서 놀기 patient: 환자, 인내력이 강한, 근면한, 병자, 의사쪽에서 보아서 환자, 인내심이 강한, 허용하는, 참을성이 있는, 참을성이 강한, 인내심이 있는 paying: 지불하는 지불, 지불하는 돈이 벌리는, 수지가 맞은, 지불하는, 돈이 벌리는 peace: 평화, 강화, 안심, 사이좋게, 조용히, 친안, 평온한, 평화로운, 치안, 평온, 조용함 peaceful: 평온한, 태평한, 평화로운, 평화를 위한, 온화한, 평화적인, 평화를 애호하는, 평화를 사랑하는, 평시용의, 조용한, 평화스러운 peculiar: 독특한, 묘한, 특유한, 특성, 괴상함, 특별한, 사유 재산, 고유한, 특수 지역, 특수 교구, 다른 관구의 감독 지배하의 특수 지역 peel: 허물벗다, 껍질을 벗기다, 껍질, 과일의 껍질, 벗기다, 나무 껍질 따위를 벗기다, 옷을 벗기다, 껍질이 벗겨 떨어지다, 나무껍질, 벗겨 떨어지다, 야채 따위의 껍질 peeved: 짱증나게 하는, 초조하게 하는 peg: 안정시키다, 부지런히 일하다, 줄조르개, 나무못, 마개, 이유, 위가 넓고 아래가 좁아진, 겨누다, 공

71 따위를 던지다, 급, 나무로 만든 의족 pen: 펜, 쓰다, 우리, 축사, 우리에 넣다, 구치소, 가두다, 백조의 암컷, 문체, 울타리속에 넣다, 편지 따위를 쓰다 perfect: 완전한, 전적인, 결점 없는, 숙달한, 완료의, 정확한, 마무리하다, 맞았어요, 아주 잘했어요, 완벽합니다, 완벽해요 perform: 연주하다, 성취하다, 실행하다, 하다, 실행자, 연주자, 행하다, 공연하다, 극을 공연하다, 약속 따위를 이행하다, 동물이 재주를 부리다 performance: 연주, 일, 연기, 흥행, 수행, 성과, 공적, 성능, 실행, 공연, 공연의 잘함과 못함 periods: 미문 permanently: 영구히, 불변으로, 영속하게 permission: 허가, 허용, 면허, 허락 personally: 몸소, 개인적으로, 자기만으로서는, 인품으로서, 개인을 빗대어서, 자기 개인으로서는, 빗대어서 persuade: 납득시키다, 주장하다, 설복하다, 설득하다 perversity: 사악, 빙퉁그러짐, 외고집, 뒤틀린 성미, 비뚤어진 성미 photograph: 사진에 찍히다, 사진을 찍다, 사진으로 찍다, 찰영하다, 사진, 의 사진을 찍다 picked: 정선한, 깨끗이 한, 쥐어뜯는 picture: 그림, 묘사하다, 사실적 묘사, 꼭 딸은 것, 화신, 상, 상상하다, 사진, 초상, 심상, 아름다운 것 piece: 한 조각, 한개, 총, 단편, 한 필, 한 곡, 한 구획, 한예, 한장, 화폐, 한 통 pieces: 산산조각 piercing: 꿰찌르는, 날카로운, 뼈에 사무치는, 통찰력 있는, 꿰뚫는 piled: 보풀이 있는 plan: 계획, 도면, 방책, 설계도를 그리다, 뜻하다, 설계, 설계도, 지도계획하다, 의 설계도를 그리다, 계획하다, 계획을 세우다 planned: 정연한, 계획된 play: 놀다, 연주하다, 놀이, 경기를 하다, 승부를 겨루다, 어른거림, 오락, 경기, 연극을 하다, 살랑거리다, 연극 player: 배우, 자동 연주 장치, 연주자, 경기자, 직업 선수, 노는 사람, 게으름뱅이, 노는 동물, 자동 피아 노의 자동 연주 장치, 도박꾼 pleasant: 쾌활한, 유쾌한, 즐거운, 익살, 맑은, 농담, 우스운, 날씨가 쾌적한, 쾌적한

72 please: 부디, 기쁘게 하다, 하고 싶어하다, 만족시키다, 제발, 의 마음에 들다, 좋아하다, 남의 마음에 들다, 제발-기뻐하다, 아무쪼록, 기뻐하다 pleased: 기뻐하는, 만족한 pleasure: 기호, 오락, 의지, 쾌락, 즐거움, 욕구, 유쾌, 즐기다, 특히 육체적 쾌락, 육체적 쾌락, 만족시키다 plenty: 많음, 풍부, 충분한, 많은, 충분히, 충분, 충분히-많은, 충분한충분히, 가득함, 다량 pointing: 뾰족하게 함, 지시, 메지 바르기, 정확한 조준, 구두법 pointless: 무의미한, 무딘, 뾰족한 끝이 없는, 요령 없는, 쌍방 무득점의, 끝이 무딘 polished: 닦은, 광택이 있는, 세련된, 우아한, 닦아 낸, 갈아 낸 politeness: 공손 poor: 가난한, 불쌍한, 빈약한, 운수 나쁜, 가난하게, 열등한, 부족한, 초라한, 빈민, 비천한, 볼품없는 posture: 상태, 자세, 인 체하다, 자세를 취하다, 형세, 태도, 젠체하다, 신체의 자세, 어떤 자세를 취하다, 어떤 태도를 취하다, 어떤 특정한 자세 pot: 단지, 항아리, 화분, 병, 한번에 건돈, 속깊은 남비, 술, 물고기나 새우를 잡는 바구니, 높은 양반, 쏘다, 하나 가득한 분량 potatoes: 감자 pouring: 붓는 것, 붓는 것의 powerful: 강력한, 유력한, 많은, 권력이 있는, 논지 따위 설득력 있는, 매우, 설득력 있는, 세력이 있는, 강한 practical: 실용적인, 실지의, 실지 경험이 있는, 실질상의, 실기 시험, 실지상의, 응용적인, 이 제 구실을 잘하는, 제 구실을 잘하는, 사실상의, 실지 경험을 한 practice: 실시, 업무, 연습, 연습하다, 실행, 습관, 실행하다, 소송 절차-늘 행하다, 소송 절차, 개업하다, 숙련 practise: 사건 의뢰인, 환자, 의식, 실행, 버릇, 습관, 습관적으로 행하다, 연습, 예배식, 의사를 개업하다, 변호사 등을 개업하다 precaution: 경계, 예방책, 조심 prejudice: 편견, 해치다, 손해, 비뚤어진 생각, 불리-편견을 갖게 하다, 손상시키다해치다, 침해, 이익 따위를 해치다, 에 편견을 가지게 하다, 권리 따위를 해치다 premises: 가옥, 앞서 한 말, 토지 및 부속물이 딸린 가옥

Metamorphosis preoccupied: 열중한, 선취되어 있는, 여념이 없는, 선취당하고 있는, 무엇인가에 마음을 빼앗기고 있는, 마음을 빼앗기고 있는 preparation: 예습, 준비, 조합제, 조제 식품, 채비, 자습, 자습시간, 예습시간, 예비조사, 학생들의 방과후의 예습, 학생들의 방과후의 예습시간 prepared: 준비가 되어 있는, 조리된, 조제된, 각오가 되어 있는 present: 선물, 있는, 현재의, 현재 시제, 겨누다, 소개하다, 추천하다, 현재, 내놓다, 배알시키다, 상연하다 press: 누르다, 찬장, 징발하다, 신문, 압박하다, 압착기, 강제적으로 병역에 복무시키다, 인쇄소, 혼잡, 인쇄술, 몰려들다 pressed: 바쁜, 모자라서, 눌린, 다린 pressure: 궁핍, 압박, 압력, 절박, 곤경, 번망, 압력도, 어려움, 강제, 긴급, 에게 압력을 가하다 pretend: 속이다, 자부하다, 인 체하다, 거짓의, 감히..하려고 하다, 가장하다, 체하다, 공상상의, 요구하다, 구실로 삼다 prevail: 이기다, 우세하다, 설복하다, 유행되다, 잘 되다, 설득하다 prevent: 예방하다, 방해하다, 일어나지 않게 하다, 방해하여, 막다, 에 앞서서 처리하다 previous: 조급한, 이전의, 너무일찍 서두른, 앞에서의, 앞서의, 너무일찍서두른, 먼저의, 이전, 너무 이른 price: 값, 대상, 대가, 보수, 값을 묻다, 가격, 현상, 어떤 희생 치르더라도, 가치귀중한, 희생가치, 귀중한-값을 매기다 pride: 자부, 자존심, 자랑, 자만, 만족, 득의의 모습, 득의, 경멸, 거만, 한창, 자랑거리 principal: 원금, 교장, 우두머리, 주범, 회장, 사장, 원금의, 기본 재산, 가장 중요한, 주된, 주요한 private: 사사로운, 민간의, 관직을 갖지 않은, 개인적인, 사용의, 개인의, 비 공개의, 남의 눈에 띄지 않는, 비밀의, 평민의, 졸병 proceed: 나아가다, 계속하다, 발생하다, 생기다, 착수하다, 시작하다, 매상고, 처분하다, 속행하다, 수입, 소송 절차를 밟다 progress: 진보, 전진, 진행, 발달하다, 전진하다, 전진시키다, 진보하다, 공적 여행, 발달, 국왕 등의 공적 여행, 향상하다 prohibition: 금지, 금령, 주류 제조 판매 금지령, 그 주의자, 금지령

promise: 약속, 천국, 촉망, 희망의 땅, 약속하다, 가망이 있다, 가망, 가망-약속하다, 의 희망이 있다, 의 가망성이 있다, 약속한 일 proper: 독특한, 적당한, 진정한, 엄밀한 의미에서의, 고유의, 옳은, 예의바른, 순전한, 특정한 날짜의 예배, 고유한, 아주 properly: 정확히, 철저히, 훌륭하게, 전적으로, 적당히, 적당하게 protect: 보호하다, 막다, 지키다, 어음의 지불 준비를 하다, 국내 산업을 보호하다, 기계에 보호 장치를 달다, 기계에 보호 장치를 시설하다, 보호 장치를 달다, 지불 준비를 하다, 보호 장치를 시설하다 protruding: 밀려나는, 밀어내는, 밀려나게 proud: 자존심이 있는, 거만한, 자랑하고 있는, 영광으로 여기는, 자랑으로 생각하는, 자랑할 만한, 자랑하다, 당당한, 교만한, 일이 자랑할 만한, 물건이 자랑할 만한 prove: 입증하다, 시험하다, 검산하다, 이라 판명되다, 인정하다, 인하다, 임이 알려지다, 이라는 것을 알다, 의 교정쇄를 내다, 을 검산하다, 알다 provincial: 지방의, 촌스러운, 조야한, 주의, 지방민, 편협한지방민, 편협한, 시골뜨기, 지방적인, 지방인, 지방 분구 관장 provoking: 성이 나는, 속타게 하는, 자극하는 pull: 뽑다, 끌다, 당기다, 제어하다, 마시다, 따다, 당기어 손상시키다, 당겨지다, 찢다, 잡아 당기다, 끌어 당기다 pulled: 건강이 쇠약해진, 딴, 털을 뜯은 pure: 순수한, 순혈의, 단순한, 순전한, 더러움 없는, 오점 없는, 깨끗한, 순이론적인-순수한 것, 순이론적인, 완전한, 고결한 purpose: 목적, 의도, 의지, 효과, 의의, 잘, 하려고 생각하다, 결심, 계획하다, 의도하다, 용도 pursue: 추구하다, 수행하다, 추적하다, 속행하다, 찾아 가다, 쫓아가다, 따라가다, 소송하다, 길을 따라가다, 계속해서 말하다 push: 밀다, 절박, 쑥 내밀다, 적극성, 위기, 억지로 떠맡기다, 억지, 밀어 움직이다, 밀고 나아가다, 추진, 강하게 주장하다 pushing: 미는, 활동적인, 억지가 센, 진취적인, 고집 센 quaking: 떨고있는, 전율하고 있는, 흔들리는

Franz Kafka quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, 말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, 불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 싸움하다, 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 원인 quarter: 소식통, 숙박시키다, 네갈래로 찢다, 쿼터, 주거, 지구, 짐승의 네 발의 하나, 부서, 십오분, 사분의 한1발, 병사 quick: 빨리, 재빠른, 성급한, 민감한, 살아 있는, 이해가 빠른, 급소, 서둘러서, 상처의 붉은 살, 빠른, 중요 부분 quickly: 빨리, 서둘러서 quiet: 조용함, 조용한, 침착한, 얌전한, 평정한, 평정, 평온히, 침착, 조용히, 조용해지다, 정지 quieter: 방음 장치 quietly: 조용히, 수수하게, 얌전하게, 평온하게, 살짝, 침착하게 quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는, 떨리는 rag: 넝마, 조각, 꾸짖다, 단편, 놀리다, 장난치다, 신문, 법석, 누더기, 막, 지폐 rage: 맹위를 떨치다, 격노, 열망, 격노하다, 고조에 달하다, 감흥, 대유행, 감동, 열광, 격렬, 날뛰다 rain: 비, 비를 내리다, 우기, 우천, 빗발치듯 퍼붓다, 강우, 비가 오다, 비오듯 하다, 빗발처럼 쏟아지다, 엎친데 덮치기, 의 비를 내리게하다 raise: 세우다, 제기하다, 올리다, 승진시키다, 일으키다, 지르다, 높이다, 소생시키다, 늘리다, 기르다, 모으다 raised: 높인, 양각의, 붕긋한, 한층 높은, 도드라진, 높아진, 부풀게한, 부풀게 한, 효모로 부풀게 한 ran: 란 reach: 내밀다, 도착하다, 퍼지다, 도달하다, 움직이다, 에 이르다, 손을 뻗침, 범위, 에 닿다, 강의 두 굽이 사이의 유역, 곶 reached: 뇌물을 먹은, 매수 당한, 부패한 reading: 독서, 해석, 낭독, 독서하는, 판단, 선집, 학식, 의회의 독회, 읽는 법, 읽을거리, 읽기 ready: 즉석의, 재빠른, 하기 쉬운, 준비시키다, 준비된, 편리한, 준비를 갖춘, 준비가 되어 있는, 채비가된, 사격 준비 자세를 취한, 준비하다 realise: 실감하다, 실현하다, 얻다, 현실화하다, 벌다 reappear: 재현하다, 재발하다, 다시 나타나다 reason: 이유, 논하다, 추론하다, 설복하다, 이성, 동기, 도리, 분별,

제정신, 추리력, 추리하다 receipt: 영수증, 수령, 수취, 영수, 영수증을 떼다, 조리법, 영수필이라고 쓰다, 영수 필이라고 쓰다, 영수증을 발행하다, 영수액, 수령액 receive: 수신하다, 이해하다, 경험하다, 수용하다, 수취하다, 받다, 사들이다, 수령하다, 응접하다, 받아내다, 접수하다 received: 용인된, 받아들여진, 일반적으로 인정된, 믿어지고 있는 recent: 최근의, 새로운, 근대의, 근래의, 현세의, 요즘의, 충적세 recently: 요사이, 요즈음, 최근, 근래에, 최근에 recommend: 추천하다, 권하다, 의뢰하다, 훌륭한, 호감을 받게하다, 충고하다, 추전할 수 있는, 좋은 느낌을 갖게 하다, 위탁하다, 맡기다, 마음에 들게 하다 recommendation: 추천, 장점, 권고, 천거, 권장, 충고, 좋은점, 추천장 recover: 회복시키다, 회복하다, 벌충하다, 되찾다, 보상하다, 승소, 완쾌, -의 덮개를 갈아 붙이다, 회복, 되찾음, 승소하다 red: 빨간, 빨강, 적자, 혁명적인, 공산주의의, 적색의, 피에 물든, 잔인한, 작열하는, 영령의, 빨갱이의 reduce: 진압하다, 줄이다, 변형시키다, 떨어뜨리다, 줄다, 축소하다, 환산하다, 내리다, 바꾸다, 축소되다, 빠뜨리다 reduced: 영락한, 환원한, 감소한, 할인한, 줄인, 쇠약한, 몰락한, 기약의, 축소한 refuse: 폐물, 거절하다, 쓰레기, 사퇴하다, 폐물의, 인간 폐물, 퇴짜놓다, 지질한, 찌끼, 멈춰서다, 안 뛰어넘으려 하다 regard: 관계하다, 점, 관계, 주의, 존경, 주시, 배려, 유의하다, 관심, 호의, 주목하다 regret: 유감, 후회, 애석, 정중한 거절, 아쉬움, 후회하다, 슬픔, 비탄, 뉘우치다 regular: 완전한, 규칙적인, 상비의, 정규의, 일상의, 통례의, 규칙변화의, 정식의, 본직의, 정규병, 정기적인 regularly: 정식으로, 규칙적으로, 격식대로, 철저히, 질서 있게, 정기적으로, 적당하게, 온통, 여느 때와 같이, 아주, 반듯하게 related: 관계 있는, 관계가 있는, 관련된, 동족의, 친족의, 관계있는 relatively: 상대적으로, 비례하여, 비교적으로 relaxation: 기분 전환, 경감, 이완,

73 완화, 풀림.이완, 정력감퇴, 편히 쉼, 오락, 쇠약, 느즈러짐, 긴장을 풂 relaxed: 긴장을 푼, 힘을 뺀, 무간한, 딱딱하지 않은, 느긋한, 관대한, 느슨한 reliable: 확실한, 의지할 수 있는, 신뢰할수 있는, 의지할 수 있는 것, 의지할 수 있는 사람 remain: 머무르다, 남다, 유해, 유물, 유적, 나머지, 유족, 존속하다, 생환자, 화석, 유저 remains: 나머지, 유해 remarkable: 주목할 만한, 비범한, 이상한, 현저한, 보통이 아닌, 드문, 두드러진, 놀랄만한, 비상한, 뛰어난 remember: 기억력이 있다, 기억하고 있다, 생각해 내다, 기억하다, 상기하다, 을 기억하고 있다, 에게 선물을 주다, 기억해 두다, 전언하다, 을 위하여 기도하다, 을 고맙게여기고 있다 remind: 생각나게 하다, 상기시키다, 깨우치다, 생각나게하다, 일깨우다 reminder: 독촉장, 조언, 생각나게 하는 사람, 신호, 생각나게하는 것, 상기시키는 조언, 암시, 생각나게 하는 것, 상기시키기 위한 조언 remove: 이전, 제거하다, 진급, 옮기다, 해임하다, 떠나다, 거리, 치우다, 이동, 간격, 단계 removed: 떨어진, 먼, 촌의, 관계가 먼, 등친의, 제거된, 죽은, 거리가 떨어진 rented: 임대료가 ...한 repeated: 되풀이된, 거듭된 repeatedly: 되풀이하여, 재삼재사, 여러 차례, 되풀이해서 reply: 대답하다, 대답, 반향하다, 응답하다, 응전, 응전하다, 응하다, 회답, 대꾸하다, 항변하다, 응수 representative: 전형적인, 대리인, 대표물, 대표적인, 전형, 대표자, 대리의, 견본, 대표하는, 유사물, 국회의원 reproach: 불명예, 비난, 질책, 치욕, 꾸짖다, 비난의 말, 비난하다, 책망하다, 체면을 손상시키다, 망신, 의 체면을 손상하다 repugnant: 모순된, 일치하지 않는, 반항하는, 지겨운, 반감을 가지는, 반감을 가진, 불유쾌한, 비위에 맞지 않는, 아주 싫은, 적의를 품은, 질색인 request: 수요, 요구, 간청, 요청하다, 바라다, 청구물, 요청, 소원, 의뢰, 청원서, 청구 required: 필수의 resentful: 분개한, 성마른, 골을 잘 내는, 성 잘내는, 분개하고 있는,

74 원망하고 있는 resistance: 저항, 방해, 반항, 레지스탕스, 반감, 저항력, 저항감, 전류저항장치, 적대, 지하저항운동, 반대 resolve: 결심, 분해하다, 결정하다, 결심하다, 해결하다, 결의, 불굴, 의결하다, 용해하다, 풀다, 결단 resolved: 단호한, 결심한, 깊이 생각한, 숙고한, 결의한 resounding: 반향하는, 널리 알려진, 메아리치는, 울려퍼지는, 울리는, 틀림없는 respect: 존경, 경의, 존경하다, 인사, 관계, 관심, 고려하다, 주의, 고려, 점, 관련되다 response: 응답, 감응, 응답문, 응답송, 대답, 리스폰스, 반응, 응창, 감웅 responsibility: 책임, 책무, 의무 이행 능력, 신뢰도, 책임대상, 확실성, 의무, 지불 능력, 부담, 무거운 짐, 신뢰성 responsible: 책임이 있는, 책임을 다할 수 있는, 신뢰할 수 있는, 책임을 져야할, 책임을 다 할 수 있는, 책임이 무거운, 책임 있는, 의무 이행 능력이 있는, 책임이 있다, 을 초래하는, 확실한 rest: 쉬다, 쉼표, 휴식, 대, 휴식하다, 수면, 영면하다, 휴양, 휴지, 안심, 안심하고 있다 return: 돌아가다, 되돌아가다, 대답하다, 답신하다, 보수, 반사하다, 반환, 보답하다, 답례, 선출, 돌려주다 revolting: 구역나는, 메스꺼운, 반란하는, 불쾌감을 일으키는, 싫은, 지긋지긋한, 반란을 일으키는 revulsion: 격변, 회수, 유도법, 혐오감, 잡아뗌, 되돌아감, 급변, 급격한 반동, 극도의 불쾌감, 반감, 극도의 반감 rid: 제거하다, 면하다, 치우다, 구하다, 벗어나다, 끝마치다, 없애다, 으로부터 자유롭게하다, 면하게하다, 구축하다 ridiculously: 어리석게, 우습게 ring: 반지, 울림, 연륜, 도당, 울리다, 팔찌, 나이테, 고리, 울리는 소리, 치다, 경마장 robust: 튼튼한, 건장한, 억센, 강건한, 조야한, 감칠맛 있는, 강한, 격심한, 정력적인, 튼튼하게 만든, 확고한 rock: 암석, 바위, 암초, 흔들리다, 흔들어 움직이다, 동요하다, 암반, 돌, 동요 움직이다, 애무하다, 화근 roll: 굴리다, 구르다, 굽이치다, 감다, 두루마리, 늘어지다, 롤러로 고르다,

Metamorphosis 소용돌이 무늬, 연타, 좌우로 흔들리다, 희번덕거리다 rolled: 압연한 rooms: 한조의 방 rotten: 약한, 썩은, 부패한, 부서지기 쉬운, 타락한, 더러운, 취약한, 나쁜, 태도가 나쁜, 궂은, 축축한 rounded: 둥글게 한, 세련된, 완성된, 원순음의, 끝수가 없는, 둥글린, 낭랑한, 어림수의, 완벽한, 입술을 둥글게 하여 발음되는 rubbing: 마사지, 마찰, 탁본, 안마, 연마, 문지름, 탑본, 비명 따위의 탑본, 문지르기 rumination: 반추, 심사숙고, 생각에 잠김, 숙고의 결과, 묵상 rung: 가로장, 가로대, 살, 단, 단계, 사닥다리의 가로장, 바퀴의 살 running: 달리기, 달리는, 잇따른, 운전, 경주, 고름이 나옴, 흐르는, 유출물, 기어오르는, 주력, 미끄러운 rush: 돌진시키다, 돌진, 등심초, 돌진하다, 골풀, 돌격하다, 쇄도, 돌격, 하찮은 물건, 쇄도하다, 급행하다 rushing: 러닝 플레이로 나아간 거리, 러싱 sacrifice: 희생타, 희생, 투매하다, 헌신, 싸구려로, 그로 인한 손실, 제물, 희생타로 진루시키다, 희생적 행위, 희생하다, 희생타를 치다 sad: 진지한, 슬픈, 어두운, 지독한, 우중충충한, 설구워진, 어이없는, 슬퍼하는, 칙칙한, 언어도단의, 잘 부풀지 않은 sadly: 슬프게, 한탄할 정도로, 치사한, 천한, 진지한, 우중충충한, 지독한, 절망적인, 유감스럽게도, 어두운, 애처롭게 safe: 안전한, 틀림없는, 믿을 수 있는, 몹시 조심하는, 무사한, 세이프의, 금고, 도망할우려가 없는, 위험성이 없는, 의 가능성이 있는, 찬장 sake: 목적, 위함, 이유, 제발, 을 위함 sales: 판매의 salesman: 점원, 세일즈맨, 외판원, 판매원 salt: 소금, 소금에 절인, 식염, 식탁용 소금 그릇, 풍자, 기지, 자극, 흥미, 염, 의 손님이 되다, 뱃사람 salts: 방향염 satisfaction: 사죄, 이행, 결투 신청에 응하다, 만족, 만족시키는 물건, 속죄, 사죄하다, 결투, 결투를 신청하다, 만족함, 만족을 주는 것 satisfied: 만족한, 흡족한 sauce: 소스, 건방짐, 과일의 설탕 조림, 맛을 내다, 에게 무례한 말을 하다, 흥미를 더하는 것, 술,

뻔뻔스러움, 뻔뻔스런 말을 하다, 설탕 조림, 소스를 치다 save: 오래가다, 을 제외하고, 덜다, 모으다, 구해내다, 절약하다, 건지다, 면케하다, 은 도로 치고, 저장, 지키다 saving: 저금, 구조, 절약, 절약하는, 구제, 제외하는, 저축, 을 더는, 보상, 구하는, 외에는 saying: 속담, 격언, 말, 말하기 scalp: 혹평하다, 전리품, 머릿가죽, 승리, 의 머릿가죽을 벗기다, 작은 이문을 남기다, 이문 남겨 팔다, 고래 대가리, 고르다, 머리 가죽이 붙은 사슴의 뿔, 머리 가죽 scar: 암초, 낭떠러지, 벼랑, 상처, 흉터, 흉터가 남다, 에 상처를 남기다, 산 중턱의 깎아지른 듯한 바위, 전쟁 등의 상처 scraping: 부스러기, 문지르기, 긁어 모은것, 긁어 모은 것, 깍기, 깍은 부스러기, 깍음, 거리의 무뢰한, 긁기, 먼지, 할큄 scream: 소리치다, 날카로운 소리, 깔깔대다, 매우 익살스런 사람, 큰 소리를 지르다, 번지르르하여 어울리지 않다, 깔깔거리며 웃다, 센세이셔널 글을 써대다, 소리질러 말하다, 우스꽝스러운 것, 우스꽝스러운 사람 screaming: 깜짝 놀라게 하는, 번지르르한, 이목을 끌게 하는, 우스워 못 견디는, 날카롭게 외치는, 선정적인, 깔깔 웃는, 킥킥거리는, 외치는, 삑삑 우는, 쇳소리를 지르는 scurry: 달리다, 달림, 서두르다, 단거리경마, 단거리경주, 당황하여 달리다, 소나기, 종종 걸음, 허둥지둥함 seat: 자리, 의석, 좌석, 소재지, 예약석, 의자, 왕권, 승마자세, 왕위, 의원의 지위, 의자의 재료 secret: 비밀의, 비밀을 지키는, 비결, 음부, 숨은, 신비스러운, 비법, 신비, 외딴, 불가사의, 비밀 secure: 확실한, 튼튼한, 확신하는, 안전한, 구하다, 안전히 하다, 안전하게 되다, 붙들어 매다, 보험에 들다, 보증하다, 단단히 잠그다 seem: 생각이 들다, 있을 것처럼 보이다, 같다, 로 보이다, 처럼 보이다, 이 있는 것처럼 생각되다, 이 정말인 것 같다, 인 것처럼 생각되다 seeming: 겉으로의, 외관상의 겉보기, 외관, 겉모양, 외관상의, 표면만의 seized: 점유한 seldom: 드물게, 흔히, 좀처럼...않는, 좀처럼, 않는 selection: 선발, 선택, 가려냄, 발췌,

Franz Kafka 선택 영역, 분리, 선발된 것, 선발된 사람, 선택 내용 self: 자기, 본인, 사욕, 이기심, 단일의, 진수, 귀사, 자아, 귀점, 자신, 나 self-confidence: 자신, 자신 과잉, 자신감, 자부 self-control: 자제, 극기, 자제심, 근신 selfish: 이기적인, 제멋대로의, 자기 본위의, 자애적인 self-reproach: 자책 send: 보내다, 내리다, 던지다, 내다, 빠지게 하다, 시키다, 쏘다, 전도하다, 쫓아버리다, 베풀다, 주시다 sensible: 분별 있는, 현명한, 지각할 수 있는, 알아채고, 알아챈, 느낄 수 있는, 느끼기 쉬운, 감각의, 신용본위의, 눈에 띌 정도의 sensitive: 느끼기 쉬운, 민감한, 극비에 부쳐야 할, 감광성의, 반응하는, 성잘내는, 절대적 충성을 요하는, 감수성이 예민한, 미묘한, 변동하기 잘 하는, 신경을 쓰는 serious: 중대한, 진지한, 엄숙한, 짐짓 위엄을 차린, 중한, 심한, 격렬하다, 딱딱한, 방심할 수 없는 seriously: 진지하게, 심히, 중하게 serve: 섬기다, 봉사하다, 차려내다, 시중하다, 접대하다, 제공하다, 충분하다, 취급하다, 근무하다, 서브 방법, 채우다 seven: 일곱, 칠, 일곱 번째, 일곱 명, 일곱 번째의 사람, 일곱 시, 일곱개 한 조의 것, 일곱명 한 조의 것, 칠의, 칠의 기호, 일곱 번째의 물건 seventeen: 열일곱 명, 십칠의 기호, 십칠의, 열일곱 개, 십칠세의, 십칠세, 십칠 sew: 꿰매어 붙이다, 바느질하다, 깁다, 박다, 꿰매다, 꿰매어 막다, 재봉하다, 재봉하여 만들다, 철하다 sewing: 재봉, 바느질감, 바느질실, 재봉의 shaking: 흔들림, 진동, 흔들리는, 흔듦 shame: 치욕, 불명예, 수치, 창피한 일, 부끄럼, 부끄러워 하게 하다, 모욕하다, 부끄럽게 하다, 부끄러움, 심한 짓, 잡된 행실 sharply: 날카롭게, 빈틈없이, 갑자기, 또렷하게, 세게, 민첩하게, 심하게 sheet: 시트, 돛, 얇은 판, 시트감, 판금, 판자틀, 돛의 아딧줄, 편지, 한 장, 홑이불, 펴진면 shiny: 빛나는, 윤이 나는, 번쩍이는, 햇빛이 쬐는, 번들거리는, 해가 비치는, 닳아 빤질빤질한 shivering: 몸의 떨림, 전율

shock: 쇼크, 충격, 충격을 주다, 격돌, 충돌하다, 타격, 짚가리, 충돌, 가리다, 헝클어진 머리, 부스스한것 shocked: 어안이 벙벙한, 얼떨떨한, 충격을 받은 shocking: 지독한, 지독하게, 충격적인, 망측한, 무서운, 오싹하게 하는, 고약한, 소름끼치는, 형편 없는 shop: 공장, 가게, 물건을 사다, 근무, 작업장, 일, 엉망으로, 어수선하게 흩뜨려, 물건 사러가다, 가게에서 물건을 사다, 공작실 short: 갑자기, 짧게, 키가 작은, 부족한, 독한, 짧은, 짧은 음의, 부족하여, 미치지 못하다, 간단한, 깨지기 쉬운 shortcoming: 결점, 흉작 shorthand: 속기의, 약칭, 속기하다, 속기에 의한, 속기, 맞습니다, 네, 간략한 지칭 shoulder: 어깨, 어깨고기, 어깨에 총의 자세, 어깨에 해당하는 부분, 어깨로 밀다, 짊어지다, 어깨살, 을 어깨로 밀다, 어깨 같은 것, 을 어깨로 밀치다, 견각 shout: 외침, 외치다, 승부는 났다, 소리침, 소리치다, 부르짓다, 떠들어 대다, 고함치다, 큰소리로 말하다, 한턱낼 차례, 큰소리 shouting: 외침, 환호, 고함 소리 shove: 밀치다, 출발하다, 떠나다, 밀어내다, 찌르다, 저어 나아가다, 떼밀기, 밀다, 지지, 밀어 만들다, 한 번 떼밀기 showing: 전시, 외관, 새가 좋다, 진열, 꾸밈, 모양새, 전람, 상영, 성적, 전시회, 정세 shudder: 떨다, 떪, 몸서리치다, 떨림, 몸서리 shut: 닫히다, 잠기다, 잠그다, 잠가 막다, 막다, 가로막다, 폐쇄음의, 휴업하다, 폐쇄하다, 닫다, 에 가두다 shy: 뒷걸음질, 내성적인, 냉소, 겁많은, 부족한, 조심성 많은, 놀라 물러서다, 홱 던지다, 을 의심하다, 수줍다, 을 피하다 sick: 창백한, 병의, 병자용의, 욕지기가 나는, 그리워하는, 넌더리 나는, 상태가 좋지 않은, 싫증이 나는, 토하다, 병자의, 싫증이 나서 sideboard: 살강, 식기 선반, 찬장, 긴 구레나룻 sideways: 옆으로, 옆의, 비스듬히 옆의, 비스듬한, 샛길 sight: 시계, 봄, 구경거리, 시각, 일견, 시력, 목격, 웃음거리, 힐끗봄, 광경, 경치 sign: 기호, 간판, 표시, 손짓, 서명시켜 고용하다, 기적, 서명하다,

75 징후, 신호하다, 사인, 길잡이 silence: 묵살, 무소식, 침묵, 침묵을 지킴, 침묵시키는 사람, 침묵 지키다, 잠잠하게 하다, 소음장치, 비밀, 망각, 조용히 silent: 조용한, 활동하지 않는, 묵음의, 무언의, 무언으로, 침묵하는, 조용히, 잠자코, 익명의, 침묵을 지키는, 소식이 없는 sill: 문지방, 창턱, 갱도의 바닥 similar: 비슷한, 유사한, 상사의, 평행하게 나아가는 simple: 순전한, 간소한, 수수한, 순연한, 유치한, 천진한, 하찮은, 티없는, 자연스러운, 솔직한, 단순한 simply: 다만, 전혀, 어리석게, 단순히, 솔직히, 간단히, 고지식하게, 간소하게, 정말로, 천진난만하게 simultaneously: 동시의 sink: 쇠약해지다, 내려앉다, 낮추다, 가라앉히다, 지다, 스며들다, 몰락하다, 침몰하다, 숙이다, 쑥 빠지다, 우묵해지다 sir: 님, 경, 이봐, 나리, 각위, 여러분, 선생님, 씨, 에게 씨라고 부르다, 근계, 직업 앞에 붙이는 남자의 경칭 sister: 자매, 누이, 언니, 자매의, 수녀, 짝의, 여자친구, 여자 형제, 여성 단체, 부인회, 동생 sit: 앉다, 개회하다, 불다, 맞다, 타다, 착석하다, 의석을 갖다, 얹혀 있다, 착석시키다, 걸터 앉다, 출석하다 sitting: 착석, 개정, 회가, 한차례일, 알을 품고 있는, 알 품기, 개회, 거주중인, 사진의 모델이 됨, 앉은, 일하며 앉아 있는 기간 situation: 위치, 처지, 장소, 형세, 입장, 직, 아슬아슬한 고비, 지위, 위험한 지경, 근무처, 관계 sixteen: 십육세, 십육의, 열여섯, 열여섯 개, 십육세의 size: 사이즈, 크기, 형, 치수, 실정, 어느 크기로 짓다, 풀먹이다, 재다, 평가하다, 을 크기 별로 가르다, 의 치수를 재다 skirt: 스커트, 변두리에 있다, 과 경계를 접하다, 에 자락을달다, 가를 따라가다, 계집, 변두리, 가장자리, 자락, 가장자리를 따라 가다, 교외 sky: 하늘, 날씨, 천국, 느닷없이, 기후, 창공, 높이 날리다, 경관, 천장 가까이에 진열하다 sleep: 자다, 영면, 수면, 정지, 동면, 마비되다, 묵다, 잠듦, 마비, 이성과 자다, 헤프다 sleepiness: 졸린, 졸음이 오는 듯한 sleeping: 수면 sleeve: 소매, 을 몰래 준비하다, 소매를 달다, 소매자락, 슬리브관,

76 커버 slide: 미끄러짐, 사태, 슬라이드, 미끄러지다, 활주, 스르르 빠져들다, 단층, 슬라이딩, 미끄러 떨어뜨리는 대, 미끄러져 가다, 산사태 sliding: 변화하는, 미끄러지는, 미끄러져 움직이는 slight: 경멸, 근소한, 약한, 얕보다, 적은, 훌쭉한, 가냘픈, 모자라는, 하찮은, 경시하다, 조금도 slightly: 조금, 약간, 약하게 slow: 느린, 느리게, 둔한, 더딘, 더디게 하다, 늦은, 재미없는, 느릿느릿, 대범한, 늦게 가는, 늦게 하다 slowly: 느릿느릿, 더딘, 재미없는, 느린, 늦은, 더디게 하다, 둔한, 느리게, 천천히 slumber: 휴지하다, 잠, 잠자다, 잠자면서 보내다, 활동을 쉬다, 무기력 상태, 혼수 상태 smaller: 작게 smart: 스마트한, 날카로운, 고통, 괴로워하다, 비통, 빈틈없는, 아픔, 약삭빠른, 똑똑한, 욱시욱신 아프다, 욱신욱신 쑤시는 smell: 냄새, 의 냄새가 나다, 후각, 낌새, 냄새 맡음, 냄새맡고 다니다, 악취가 나다, 알아채다, 냄새맡다, 맡아내다, 냄새가 나다 smile: 미소, 냉소, 은혜, 방긋거림, 청명한 모양, 미소짓다, 스마일, 열리다, 미소로 표시하다, 웃다, 웃으세요 smoke: 얼굴을 붉히다, 궐련, 김이 나다, 그을리다, 대마초를 피우다, 잘 타지 않고 내다, 흑인, 훈제로 하다, 덧없는 것, 여송연, 연기 smoking: 발연, 흡연, 냄, 끽연, 담배를 피우는, 발한, 흡연 연기 나는, 그을림, 연기 남, 담배 피우는, 김 나는 smooth: 유창한, 매끄러운, 반드럽게 함, 부드러운, 입에 당기는, 평지, 반드러운 부분, 수염없는, 반드러운, 멋진, 귀에 거슬리지 않는 snapping: 딱 소리 내는, 달려들어 무는 sofa: 소파, 긴의자 soft: 조용한, 부드러운 물건, 부드러운, 온화한, 수월한, 조용하게, 상쾌한, 매끈한, 연한, 부드럽게, 손쉬운 solid: 고체, 견실한, 입체의, 고체의, 사이가 좋은, 멋진, 완전한, 순수한, 속이 비지 않은, 연속된, 하이픈없이 된 somebody: 어떤 사람, 누군가, 상당한 인물, 아무개라는 사람

Metamorphosis someone: 어떤 사람 somewhat: 얼마간, 다소, 어느 정도, 약간 somewhere: 어딘 가에, 어느땐가, 어디론가, 약, 어딘가에, 어딘가 son: 아들, 자손, 젊은이, 병신 같은 놈, 치사한 놈, 양자, 사위, 계승자, 예수, 자제, 나라사람 soon: 빨리, 기꺼이, 곧, 이내, 이윽고, 하자마자, 하자 마자, 하고 싶다, 보다는 차라리, 일찍 sooner: 선구적 이주자, 선구이주민, 선수치는 사람 sound: 소리, 수심을 재다, 소음, 건전한, 해협, 타진하다, 알리다, 부레, 인상, 확실한, 울리다 sounding: 수심, 과장된, 측연선으로 잴 수 있는곳, 거창하게 들리는, 소리를 내는, 울려 퍼지는, 측심, 조사, 측연이 미치는 측정 범위, 수심 측량, 소리나는 source: 출처, 근원, 원천, 출전, 수원, 원인, 소스, 지급인, 원본, 출처를 명시하다 space: 우주, 행간, 공간, 공지, 거리, 시간광고 시간, 줄사이, 간격, 여백, 어간, 대기권밖 spare: 절약하다, 할애하다, 용서하다, 나누어 주다, 예비품, 아끼지 않다, 아끼다, 없는대로 지내다, 억누르다, 검약하다, 삼가다 speak: 이야기하다, 탄원하다, 표명하다, 이야기 하다, 울리다, 연설하다, 말하다, 성명하다, 나타내다, 쓰다, 에게 말을 걸다 speaking: 말하기, 연설, 정치적 집회, 이야기 하기에 적합한, 담화, 이야기를 할 정도의, 생생한, 말하는, 말이라도 할 것 같은 speech: 말, 연설, 말투, 담화, 화법, 표현력, 이야기, 언어 국어 방언, 언어능력, 연설법, 말하기 spend: 돈을 쓰다, 들이다, 낭비하다, 보내다, 쓰다, 지쳐 빠지게 하다, 다써버리다, 바치다, 산란하다, 지치게 하다, 돈을 들이다 spent: 다 써버린, 지쳐버린, 산란한 spin: 낙제시키다, 질주하다, 잣다, 방적하다, 짓다, 회전시켜 만들다, 어질어질하다, 눈이 핑 돌다, 토하다, 뱅글뱅글 돌다, 급락 spindly: 껑충한, 가늘고 긴 spineless: 무골 충의, 척주가 없는, 가시가 없는, 기골이 없는, 척추가 없는 spit: 뱉다, 내뱉듯이 말하다, 곶, 한두 송이씩 흩날리다, 꿰찌르다, 돌출한 모래톱, 후두두 후두두 내리다, 성나서 그렁거림, 성나서

그르렁거리다, 제거품, 굽는 꼬챙이 splendour: 빛남, 광채, 호화, 훌륭함, 현저함, 장려, 현저, 광휘를 나타내는 것, 광휘를 주는 것 splinter: 쪼개다, 파편, 분리된, 찢다, 지저깨비, 깎이다, 가시, 부서진 조각, 쪼개지다, 쪼개진 조각, 분열하다 spoke: 살, 에 살을 달다, 가로장, 바퀴 멈추개, 타륜의 손잡이, 제륜자, 제동자로 바퀴를 멈추다, 단목, 스포우크, 살을 달다 spoken: 구두, 입으로 말하는, 구두의, 담화에 사용되는, 말에 사용되는 spokesman: 대변인, 연설가, 스포크스맨 spot: 점, 반점, 얼룩, 당장의, 흑점, 오점, 조금, 발견하다, 결점, 산재시키다, 지점 spread: 펴다, 퍼지다, 유포, 퍼뜨리다, 미치다, 보급, 뻗다, 유포하다, 흩뿌리다, 펼치다, 큰 기사 spring: 봄, 샘, 용수철을 달다, 튀다, 폭발시키다, 도약하다, 뛰다, 뛰어넘다, 반동, 원천, 청춘 sprung: 얼근한 square: 정사각형, 평방의, 광장, 방진, 한 구획, 정사각형의, 정사각형으로 하다, 공평한, 곱자, 정직한, 충분한 squarely: 정면으로, 직각으로, 공명정대하게, 네모지게, 배불리, 바로, 딱 잘라서, 단호하게, 거리낌없이, 정직하게, 정정당당히 staircase: 계단, 사닥다리 계단 stairway: 계단, 충계 stand: 일어서다, 위치하다, 세우다, 서다, 침로를 잡다, 받다, 괴다, 멈춰서다, 오래가다, 고수하다, 참다 standing: 지위, 상비의, 서 있음, 영구적인, 존속, 괴어 있는, 명성, 입목, 관에 박힌, 베지 않은, 서 있는 stare: 응시하다, 응시, 두드러 지다, 빤히 보다, 노려보아..시키다, 시키다, 빤히 쳐다보기, 노려보아, 노려보다, 눈에 띄다 stared: 한 운명을 지닌, 별로 장식한, 별이 총총한, 별표가 있는 staring: 응시하는, 야한, 혼란한, 전혀, 노려보는 starting: 출발, 개시 startled: 놀란 startling: 놀랄 만한, 기겁하게 하는 starve: 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 아사하다, 굶주리게 하다, 배고프다, 동사시키다, 굶어 죽다, 시장기를 느끼다, 허기지게 하다 station: 역, 위치, 주둔지, 방송국,

Franz Kafka 파출소 방송국, 정거장, 지위, 소, 국, 신분, 근거지 stay: 지주, 연기하다, 견디다, 머무르다, 기다리다, 지속하다, 인체로 있다, 억제, 묵다, 체제하다, 버팀줄 steadily: 꾸준히, 착실히, 견실하게 steady: 침착한, 착실한, 흔들리지 않는, 변치 않는, 간단없는, 이미 정해진친구, 한결같은, 꾸준한, 견고 하게 하다, 견고한, 안정시키다 step: 걸음, 디딤판, 발자국, 수단, 한걸음, 걷다, 걸음걸이, 승급, 일보, 짧은 거리, 스텝 stick: 붙이다, 찌르다, 잔가지, 조종간, 단장, 나무토막, 지팡이 멍청이, 연속 무하 폭탄, 고착 시키다, 엄청난 값을 부르다, 걸리게 하다 sticking: 끈적거림, 끈적끈적한, 늘어붙는, 개탕 대패로 깎기 stiff: 시체, 딱딱한, 빡빡한, 독한, 강세의, 완고한, 뻣뻣한, 되게 반죽된, 딱딱한사람, 잘움직이지 않는, 경직한 팽팽한 stillness: 침묵, 조용한 환경, 정적, 고요, 평온, 소리 없는 곳, 고, 고요함 stone: 핵, 에 돌을 던지다, 돌의, 석재, 결석, 돌, 보석, 스톤, 숫돌, 석조의, 돌을 깔다 stop: 중지, 멈추다, 방해하다, 그만두다, 서다, 휴지, 세우다, 멈춤, 멎음, 틀어막다, 중지하다 straight: 철저한, 순수한, 직접적으로, 정연한, 직선, 원작대로, 솔직한, 곧, 곧은, 똑바른, 솔직하게 strain: 긴장시키다, 거르다, 종족, 경향, 혈통, 기미, 남용하다, 접질하다, 잡아당기다, 성격, 너무 써서 손상 시키다 strained: 억지의, 팽팽한, 긴박한, 긴장한, 긴장된, 억지로 지어낸, 부자연스러운 strangeness: 이상함, 소립자상태를 규정하는 입자고유의 양자수, 기묘 stranger: 손님, 제삼자, 낯선 사람, 새로 온 사람, 무 경험자, 모르는 사람, 을 쌀쌀하게대하다, 여보세요, 문외한 street: 거리, 가로, 차도, 한구역 사람들, 길, 에는 도저히 못 미치다, 큰길, 가도, 가, 가로의, 통로의 strength: 힘, 저항력, 강도, 병력, 농도, 효력, 강하기, 의지, 힘이 되는 것, 을 의지하여, 강점 strenuous: 정력적인, 분투적인, 분투하는 stretch: 기지개를 켜다, 펴다, 뻗다, 펴지다, 펼치다, 뻗치다, 억지로 갖다

붙이다, 잡아당기다, 에 미치다, 손발을 뻗다, 긴장 stretched: 잡아당기는 strict: 엄한, 절대적인, 정확한, 엄격한, 긴장된, 엄밀한, 완전한 strike: 때리다, 치다, 찌어내다, 부딪다, 발견하다, 느끼게 하다, 뜻밖에 만나다, 푹 찌르다, 맞히다, 가하다, 공격하다 striking: 치는, 파업중인, 인상적인, 현저한, 두드러진, 눈에 띄는 strong: 유력한, 강한, 강렬한, 열심인, 튼튼한, 굳센, 힘찬, 큰, 잘하는, 인원이 ...인, 힘센 strongly: 강하게, 튼튼하게, 열심히, 맹렬히, 공고히, 강경히, 강경하게, 격심하게 struck: 파업으로 폐쇄된 structure: 구조, 조립, 조직, 건물, 구조 물, 조립하다 struggling: 분투하는, 생활고와 싸우는, 기를쓰는, 발버둥치는, 노력하는 stubborn: 완고한, 완강한, 다루기 어려운, 말 안 듣는, 단단한 stubbornness: 완강, 완고 studies: 연구 stuff: 직물, 소지품, 틀어막다, 요소, 채우다, 원료, 소질, 잡동사니, 박제하다, 허튼소리, 게걸스럽게먹다 stupid: 어리석은, 고집센, 무감각한, 멍청한, 시시한, 바보 subdued: 억제된, 가라앉은, 차분한, 조용한, 완화된, 약해진, 낮춘, 낮아진, 정복된 subject: 신하, 주제, 피실험자, 복종시키다, 받는, 질의 사람, 지배를 받는, 종속하는, 제시하다, 이라 가정하여, 맡기다 success: 성공, 출세, 행운, 결과, 성공한 것 sucking: 미숙한, 빨아들이는, 젖내나는, 아직 젖 떨어지지 않은, 풋내기의, 젖을 빠는, 빨아 들이는 sudden: 돌연한, 갑작스런, 돌연 suddenly: 갑자기, 돌연히, 별안간 suffer: 입다, 견디다, 당하다, 병에 걸리다, 괴로워하다, 손해를 입다, 겪다, 고생하다, 허용하여, 아파하다, 하게 하다 suffering: 괴로움, 고통, 피해, 고생, 수난, 재난, 재해, 괴로운 sufficient: 충분한, 충분, 할 능력이 있는, 할 만큼의 능력이 있는 sufficiently: 충분히 suggest: 암시하다, 제안하다, 연상시키다, 넌지시 비추다, 말을꺼내다, 생각나게 하다 suitable: 적당한, 어울리는

77 sunday: 일요일, 안식일, 일요일에, 일요일의 sunk: 침몰된, 물밑의, 움푹한 sunshine: 햇빛, 맑은 날씨, 명랑, 양지, 쾌활 superfluous: 여분의 superior: 우세한, 우수한, 뛰어난 사람, 거만한, 윗사람, 수도원장, 우량한, 을 초월한, 에 동요되지 않는, 보다 놓은, 상급자 supernatural: 초자연의, 불가사의한, 초자연적인 힘, 신의 조화 suppose: 생각하다, 상상하다, 믿다, 가정하다, 을 필요 조건으로 하다, 상정하다, 만약...이라면, 만약, 이라면, 의 가정을 필요로 하다 suppress: 진압하다, 막다, 억누르다, 참다, 삭제하다, 발표하지 않다, 억제하다, 억압하다, 진정하다 sure: 확실히, 튼튼한, 꼭, 틀림없는, 자신 있는, 확실히...하는, 확실한, 하다, 하는, 안전한 surely: 확실히, 꼭, 설마, 안전하게, 틀림없이, 기필코, 결코, 반드시, 정말로, 좋고말고 surplus: 잉여, 여분, 나머지, 과잉의 surprise: 기습, 놀람, 놀라게 하다, 불시의 공격, 불시에 습격하다, 현행 중에 붙잡다, 놀라운 일, 뜻밖의, 시키다, 불시에 쳐서, 놀라운 사건 surprising: 놀라운, 의외의, 불시의, 불가사의한 suspicious: 의심을 나타내는, 괴이쩍은, 의심하는, 의심스러운, 의심 많은, 의혹을 일으키는 swallow: 참다, 제비, 식도, 빨아들이다, 취소하다, 삼킴, 한 모금, 삼키다, 받아들이다, 억누르다, 곧이듣다 sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다, 청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노, 굴뚝 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번 휘두르기, 청소 sweetly: 상냥하게, 달게, 귀엽게, 향기롭게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 잘 들어, 아름답게 swing: 그네, 진동, 진폭, 매달다, 방향을 바꾸다, 좌우하다, 흔들다, 동요, 스윙 음악, 가락, 교묘히 처리하다 swinging: 경쾌한, 흔들리는, 활발한, 활개젓는, 진동하는, 음률적이고 생동하는, 유행의 첨단을 가는, 성적으로 자유분방한, 기운찬, 앞뒤로 흔들림, 앞뒤로 흔들리는 sword: 검, 무력, 전쟁, 칼, 총검 sympathy: 동정, 공명, 교감, 동조, 연민, 일치, 조화, 찬성, 동의, 동감, 감웅성

78 symptom: 징후, 증후, 조짐, 징조 talk: 말하다, 지껄이다, 의논하다, 소문, 객담, 이야기, 담화, 언어, 빈말, 방언, 말투 talking: 담화, 말하는, 표정이 풍부한, 수다, 수다스러운 tall: 과장된, 높은, 높이의, 엄청난, 키 큰, 키가 큰, 거창하게, 거창한, 긴, 많은 task: 직무, 혹사하다, 작업, 일을 과하다, 일, 사업, 꾸짖다, 고된 일, 태스크, 힘드는 일, 임무 taste: 시식, 취미, 맛보다, 맛, 미각, 기호, 의 맛이 나다, 풍미, 한 입, 풍미가 있다, 한 번 맛보기 tearfully: 슬프게, 눈물어린 채로 teeth: 이 telling: 효과적인, 현저한, 인상적인, 드러내는, 뚜렷한, 유효한, 현저한 이야기하기, 감정을 나타내는, 말함, 이야기함 temporarily: 일시적으로, 임시로 tender: 허약한, 간호인, 부드러운, 제출하다, 입찰하다, 부속선, 감시인, 입찰, 제공, 친절한, 탄수차 terrible: 무서운, 몹시, 극히 서투른, 호된, 무서운 사람, 대단한 terribly: 무섭게, 무시무시하게, 몹시, 지독하게, 심하게 test: 시험, 테스트, 시약, 검사, 검사하다, 시험에 견디다, 시험물, 시금석, 의 가치 등을 판단하다, 의 진위 등을 판단하다, 정련하다 textile: 직물의, 직물, 직물 원료, 짠, 짤 수 있는, 방직되다 thank: 감사하다, 괜찮습니다, 감사, 사의, 사례, 아 주시오, 아니오, 자업자득일세, 미리 감사하다 thanks: 고마워요, 감사합니다, 고맙습니다, 감사 thereby: 그 때문에, 그것에 의해서, 그것에 의하여, 그것에 관하여, 그 근처에 thin: 드문드문한, 얇은, 가는, 묽은, 빈약한, 야위다, 천박한, 얼마 안되는, 얇게하다, 약해지다, 약하게 하다 thinking: 생각하는, 생각하기, 사고력 있는, 사상이 있는, 생각, 생각하는 생각, 사고, 생각함 thoroughly: 철저히, 순전히, ㅁㅇ완전히, 충분히, 완전히 thoughtfully: 생각에 잠겨, 친절히, 생각이 깊게 thoughtless: 인정 없는, 경솔한, 사려가 없는, 생각이 없는 threat: 흉조, 위협, 협박, 강적 thrift: 아르메리아, 검약, 번성, 절약, 무성

Metamorphosis throughout: 도처에, 동안, 통해서, 처음부터 끝까지, 의 구석구석까지 throw: 던지다, 움직이다, 흔들어 떨어뜨리다, 스카프, 던지기, 갑자기 움직이다, 빠뜨리다, 얹히게 하다, 분리, 가벼운 두르개, 행정 thump: 심하게 때리다, 두근 거리다, 탁 부딪치다, 탁하고 떨어지다, 강력히 변호하다, 강력히 선전하다, 강력히 지지하다, 두근거리다, 쿵쿵거리며 걷다, 때림, 탁하고 치다 thunder: 위협, 우레, 천둥, 비난, 호통, 장기를 가로채다, 요란한 울림, 천둥치다, 위협하다, 호통치다, 요란한 소리를 내다 ticking: 똑딱거림, 이불잇감, 무명베, 아마포, 두색 이상의 줄무늬, 재깍소리, 똑딱소리, 재깍거림 tickle: 간질이다, 가볍게 대다, 즐겁게 하다, 재미나게하다, 손으로 잡다, 간질이기, 간질거리다, 간지러움, 간지럽다, 간질간질하다, 간지럼 tidy: 단정한, 상당한, 자질구레한 것을 넣는 그릇, 의지의 등씌우개, 깨끗한 것을 좋아하는, 정돈하다, 꽤 좋은, 치우다, 포동포동한, 깨끗이 치우다, 말쑥한 tightly: 단단히, 팽팽하게, 꾀, 꽉 죄어져, 꼭 till: 까지, 갈다, 돈궤, 서랍, 귀중품함, 할 때까지는, 하여 마침내, 표석 점토, 배양하다, 땅을 갈다, 까지줄곧 timorous: 겁많은 tip: 끝, 팁, 기울다, 기울이다, 정상, 선단, 뒤집히다, 인사하려고 벗다, 에 끝을 붙이다, 끝에 씌우다, 뒤집어 엎다 tired: 피곤한, 진부한, 물린, 지친, 싫증난, 케케묵은, 싫어진, 세상이 싫어져서, 낡아빠진, 타이어를 단 tolerate: 참다, 견디다, 관대히 다루다, 묵인하다, 내성이 있다, 관대하게 다루다 tone: 어조, 색조, 가락을 붙이다, 음질, 품격, 가락, 가락이 붙다, 강하게 하다, 호조, 논조, 조화시키다 tonight: 오늘밤, 오늘밤은 tools: 도구 toothless: 두한, 이없는, 효과이 없는 top: 팽이, 정상, 끝을 자르다, 수석의, 최고의, 절정, 표면, 극점, 지붕, 제일 위의, 털술 tops: 최상의 total: 합계하다, 합계, 전체, 완전한, 합계...이 되다, 전체의, 절대적인, 국가 전체의 힘을 내서 한 totally: 전혀, 모조리, 전적으로 touched: 감동한, 머리가 약간 돈,

감동된, 조금 미친, 조금미친 touchy: 성미까다로운, 인화성의, 다루기 힘든, 성마른, 다루기 어려운, 타기 쉬운 toward: 에 대하여, 을 위하여, 가까이, 온순한, 으로의, 의 쪽으로, 무렵, 쪽으로, 바야흐로 일어나려는, 에 가까이, 전도 유망한 tower: 탑, 성채, 성루, 높이 솟아 오르다, 요새, 우뚝 솟다, 철도 신호소, 곧추 올라가다, 일직선으로 날아오름, 솟다, 끄는 것 town: 읍, 시민, 읍민, 지방의 중심지, 근처의 주요도시, 소도시, 상가, 번화가, 성시, 도시의 train: 열차, 옷자락, 훈련하다, 길들이다, 차례, 유혹하다, 꼬리, 손질하여 가꾸다, 열, 일행, 순서 trainee: 견습공, 훈련생, 훈련받는 동물, 훈련받는 사람 tram: 궤도, 광차, 시가전차, 석탄차, 시가 전차, 정확힌 조정, 운반차, 전차로 가다, 타원 컴퍼스, 광차로 나르다, 전차로 나르다 transform: 바꾸다, 변압하다, 변형시키다, 변형하다, 다른 물질로 만들다, 변환, 변하다 transformation: 변형, 변환, 변태, 변질, 변압, 변모, 다리, 전이, 급변하는 장면 transport: 수송, 수송하다, 황홀, 유형수, 도취케 하다, 유형에 처하다, 죽이다, 도취, 열중, 운송선, 운송하다 traveller: 여행자, 주문 받는 사람, 외판원, 여행에 익숙한 사람, 순회 판매인, 이동 기중기, 하게 진행하는 차 등, 하게 진행하는 것 등, 하게 진행하는 말 등, 외무원 travelling: 이동, 순업, 여행의, 여행하는 여행, 이동하는, 여행함, 여행용의, 여행 tray: 쟁반, 얕은 접시, 칸막이 상자, 장애물 치우개 trembling: 전율하는, 떨림, 떨리는, 전율, 떨기, 전율 떠는 tremendous: 무서운, 무시무시한, 굉장한, 멋진, 대단한, 거대한 tremor: 전율, 떨림, 떨리는 목소리, 오싹오싹하는 흥분, 미동, 진전 tried: 시험이 끝난, 확실한, 시험을 마친 trip: 여행, 과실, 소풍, 실수하다, 실언, 걸려서 넘어지다, 실족, 딴죽걸기, 짧은 항해, 실족하다, 가볍게 걷다 troubled: 난처한, 거칠은, 소란한, 교란된, 근심스러운 trouser: 바지의, 바지의 한쪽 가랑이,

Franz Kafka 즈봉, 바지, 바지를 입은, 남자의, 바지용의 true: 진실로, 진짜의, 성실한, 정확한, 정확한 상태, 틀림없는, 바르게 맞추다, 진실, 정확히, 번치 않는, 참다운 trying: 괴로운, 견딜 수 없는, 화나는, 쓰라린, 시험삼아 해보는, 견디기 어려운, 약오르는, 지치는, 고된 tug: 끌다, 잡아 당기다, 분투, 예인선, 끄집어 내다, 배를 끌다, 당기다, 장학생, 짧은 가죽 끈, 힘껏 당김, 예인선으로 끌다 turn: 돌다, 순번, 변화, 회전, 선반을 돌리다, 뒹굴다, 돌리다, 모양, 복자, 방향을 바꾸다, 번갈아 turned: 녹로로 세공한, 돌린, 거꾸러 된 turning: 굴곡, 선회, 회전, 변화, 변절, 녹로세공, 형성, 선반 세공법, 녹로 세공법, 녹로 세공, 선반 세공 turnover: 전복, 배치전환, 인사 이동, 총매상고, 접어 젖힌, 투하 자본 회전, 접은 것, 전직률, 연기 직공, 변경, 접은 물건 twice: 두번, 두 번, 두 배로 twisted: 일그러진, 황홀해진, 꼬인, 술취한, 비틀어진 unable: 할 수 없는, 무력한 unbearable: 참기 어려운, 견딜 수 없는 unchanged: 변하지 않은, 변화하지 않은 unclear: 불분명한, 명백하지 않은, 막연한, 이해하기 힘든 uncomfortable: 불안한, 불쾌한, 기분이 언짢은, 살기 거북한, 살기 불편한, 신기 거북한, 신기 불편한, 앉기 거북한, 앉기 불편한, 입기 거북한, 입기 불편한 uncontrollable: 억제할 수 없는, 제어할 수 없는, 통제할 수 없는 uncontrolled: 자유로운, 억제되지 않은, 억제 되지 않은 underneath: 의 밑에, 아래에, 하면, 하면에, 낮은 understand: 이해하다, 의 의미로 해석하다, 추측하다, 정통하다, 전해듣고 있다, 이해력이 있다, 생각하다, 마음 속에서 보충하다, 들어서 알다, 들어서 알고 있다, 알다 understanding: 이해력, 양해, 이해, 동의, 지시력, 이해력 있는, 발, 일치 understood: 이해된, 양해된, 이해한 underwear: 속옷, 내의 undisturbed: 평온한, 방해되지 않는, 방해받지 않은 uneasy: 불안한, 걱정되는, 거북한, 어색한

unexpected: 뜻하지 않은, 뜻밖의, 예기치 않은 unfortunate: 유감스러운, 불길한, 불행한, 불행한 결과를 가져오는, 불운한 사람, 불운한, 적당하지 않은, 불행한 사람 unfortunately: 불행하게도, 운수 나쁘게, 공교롭게도, 운나쁘게, 유감스럽게도, 공교롭게, 불운하게도 unhappy: 불행한, 부적당한, 적절하지 못한, 계제 나쁜 unheard: 들리지 않는, 들은 바가 없는, 아직 알지 못한, 아직 듣지 못한 uniform: 일정한 한결같은, 한결같은, 제복, 군인, 에게 제복을 입히다, 불변의, 동일 표준의, 균등한, 에게 제복을 지급하다 unkempt: 단정치 못한, 빗질을 안한, 빗질하지 않은, 깔끔하지 못한 unknown: 알려지지 않은, 미지수, 미지의, 미지의 인물, 불명의, 알 수 없는, 모르는, 미지 사물, 무명, 세상에 알려지지 않은 것, 세상에 알려지지 않은 사람 unless: 을 제외하고, 외에는, 을 제외하면, 이 아닌 한, 하는 일 없이는, 만약...이 아니면 unlike: 다른, 와 같지 않고, 과 달라서, 닮지 않은, 닮지 않은 것, 닮지 않은 사람, 을 닮지 않고, 같지 않은 unnatural: 부자연한, 보통이아닌, 인도에 어긋나는, 이상한, 몰인정한, 자연적인 인정에 배치되는, 자연적인 본성에 배치되는, 자연적인 천성에 배치되는, 꾸민 티가 나는 unnecessary: 불필요한, 무익한, 불필요한 것 unpleasant: 불쾌한, 불유쾌한, 심술궂은 unpleasantness: 오해, 불화, 살풍경, 불유쾌, 불쾌감, 불쾌한 일, 불쾌함, 비위에 거슬림, 사건다툼, 파흥, 몰취미 unsatisfactory: 마음에차지않는, 불충분한, 불만족스런 unsuccessfully: 성공하지 못하고, 불운하게 unsure: 불안정한, 불확실한, 자신이 없는, 확신이 없는, 믿을 수 없는, 신용할 수 없는 unthinking: 부주의한, 생각없는, 사고력이 없는 untouched: 언급되지 않은, 손대지 않은, 감동되지 않은, 논급되지 않은 unused: 익숙하지 않은, 쓰지 않는, 사용한 적이 없는, 사용하지 않은

79 unusual: 유별난, 보통이 아닌, 진기한, 별난, 비범한 unusually: 현저하게, 대단히, 몹시, 이상하게, 매우, 괴상하게, 보통과는 달리, 유별나게, 전에 없이 unwell: 월경중인, 기분이 나쁜, 건강이 좋지 않은, 불쾌한, 몸이 편치 않은 unyielding: 굴하지않는, 굽지 않는, 단단한, 단호한, 완고한, 유연성이 없는, 탄력성이 없는 upright: 올바른, 똑바로, 골포스트, 곧게선, 곧은, 곧추 서서, 수직, 정직한, 직립, 곧은 물건, 똑바로 선 upset: 전복, 불화, 뒤집힌, 혼란, 혼란한, 지게하다, 패배, 망치다, 뒤집어 엎다, 몸을해치다, 당황케 하다 upwards: 향상 지향의, 에서 위쪽으로, 위로 향하여, 이상 urge: 몰아대다, 충동, 주장하다, 자극, 좨치다, 강요하다, 격려하다, 권고하다, 재촉하다, 자극하다, 충동을 받다 useless: 쓸모없는, 무익한, 속절없는, 편치 않은 usual: 보통의, 일상의, 예의, 언제나의, 통상의, 여느 때의 건강 상태, 평소에 볼 수 있는 usually: 보통, 평소에, 평소에는, 늘, 대개, 일반적으로 vague: 분명치 않은, 모호한, 막연한, 몽롱하다, 멍한, 아주 조금의, 아주 희미한 vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한, 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게, 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는 value: 가치, 평가하다, 값, 값어치, 유용성, 상당 가격, 의의, 음의 장단, 명암의 도, 대가, 평가 various: 다방면의, 가지각색의, 다른, 다수의, 변화 많은, 틀리는, 가지 각색의, 몇 사람, 여러 vegetables: 야채 vermin: 사회의 해충, 해충, 건달, 깡패, 해로운 짐승, 두더지 따위, 영국에서는 엽조나 가금을 해치는 매, 여우, 올빼미, 해수 vertical: 연직의, 정점의, 수직선, 천정의, 수직의, 대정의, 정상의, 세로, 종으로 연결한, 수직재, 수직선면 victim: 희생, 피해자, 밥, 봉, 산 재물, 희생자 viewer: 보는 사람, 텔레비전 시청자, 관찰자, 구경꾼, 뷰어, 검사관, 감독관 vigorously: 원기있게 vigour: 정력, 활기, 힘, 구속력

80 vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한, 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은, 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시 나쁜, 비참한 violence: 폭력, 모독, 폭행, 난폭, 손해, 침해, 맹렬, 격렬함, 격렬 violin: 바이올린, 바이올린 연주자, 현악기 violinist: 바이올린 연주자 visible: 눈에 보이는, 명백한, 면회할 수 있는, 눈에 보이는 것, 방문자를 면회할 수 있는, 빈번하게 뉴스에 나오는, 곧 쓸 수 있는, 시각적으로 표시된 visit: 방문하다, 왕진하다, 체재하다, 시찰가다, 손님으로 가다, 방문, 닥치다, 당하게 하다, 문병하다, 구경가다, 왕진 visitor: 체재객, 방문자, 장학사, 문병객, 관광객, 순시자, 철새, 방문객, 시찰원, 원정군 volume: 음량, 용적, 권, 대량, 체적, 책, 의미 심장하다, 서적, 양, 큰덩어리, 부피 wage: 임금, 급료, 갚음, 보답, 하다, 값, 수행하다, 벌어지다, 임금의 wait: 기다리다, 늦추다, 기다림, 기다리는 시간, 시중들다, 시중을 들다, 미루다, 성가대, 방문하다, 하지 않고 내버려 두다, 따르다 waiting: 기다리는 시간, 기다리는, 기다림, 시중듦, 시중드는, 시중들기, 대기 시간 wake: 경야, 활기띠다, 각성시키다, 철야제, 일으키다, 지나간 자국, 밤샘, 깨우다, 되살아나다, 일어나다, 잠깨다 walk: 걷다, 산책하다, 걸어가다, 보행, 처세, 걸음걸이, 사육장, 산책길, 걸리다, 산책, 행동 walking: 걷기, 걷는, 보행, 걷듯이 요동하는 wall: 벽, 담, 벽으로 막다, 성벽, 성벽을 두르다, 벽과 같은 것, 벽으로 둘렀싸다, 지다, 가두다, 굴리다, 담에 나는 wallpaper: 벽지, 벽지를 바르다 wanting: 모자라는, 부족한, 지혜가 모자라는, 이 없이 warm: 따뜻해지기, 따뜻하게 하다, 흥분시키다, 열중하다, 따뜻한, 열렬한, 생생한, 동정적으로 되다, 불유쾌한, 진실에 가까워지는, 가까운 warmth: 따뜻함, 흥분, 열심, 화, 온정, 온기, 격렬함, 온난, 따뜻한 느낌, 동정, 격앙 warning: 경고, 예고, 통지, 훈계, 전조, 경고의, 경보, 훈계의

Metamorphosis washing: 세탁물, 씻겨 나온것, 빨래물, 빨래, 세탁, 세탁용의, 세광하여 채취한 사금, 씻음, 엷은 피복, 물 waste: 쇠약해지다, 낭비하다, 낭비, 폐물, 황폐시키다, 황폐한, 낭비되다, 폐물의, 불모의, 쇠약, 찌꺼기 wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간 wasting: 소모성의, 황폐하게 하는, 낭비 watch: 경계, 주시하다, 감시하다, 돌보다, 지켜보다, 감시, 대기하고 있다, 불침번, 야경, 엿보다, 자지 않고 있다 watering: 살수, 해수욕의, 해수욕장의, 급수용의, 물결 무늬, 관수용의, 침을 흘리는, 온천의, 살수용의, 눈곱이 낀, 배수구가 있는 늪 weak: 약변화의, 묽은, 약한, 힘없는, 어리석은, 약세인, 악센트 없는, 내림세인, 약점 있는, 악센트가 없는, 불충분한 weakly: 약한, 병약한 약하게, 허약한, 갸날프게, 우유부단하게, 약하게, 물기 많게, 무기력하게, 가냘프게, 묽게, 병약한 wealth: 재산, 부, 풍부, 재화, 자본, 부유, 행복 wearily: 지쳐서, 피곤한 듯이, 싫증나서, 질려서, 질려서 물려서 wearing: 입을 수 있는, 지치게 하는, 입도록 지어진, 착용하도록 만들어진, 닳게 하는, 닳은, 닳는 weather: 풍화시키다, 바람 불어오는 쪽의, 일기, 의 바람을 거슬러 달리다, 외기에 쐬어 변화하다, 외기에 쐬다, 얼근히 취하여, 비바람에 맞히다, 말리다, 뚫고 나아가다, 황천 weight: 무게, 가중치, 중량, 압박, 무겁게하다, 무거운 짐을 지우다, 무거운 짐, 무거운 물건, 괴롭히다, 중요성, 무게를 가하다 well-built: 체격이 훌륭한, 잘 세워진, 체격이 좋은 well-worn: 진부한, 써서 낡은, 닳아빠진, 평범한 whatever: 조금의 ...도, 어떤 ...이라도, 것은 무엇이나, 무엇이 ...하든지, 것은 무엇이든지, 도대체 무엇이, 일은 무엇이든지 whatsoever: 일은 무엇이든지, 도대체 무엇이, 것은 무엇이든지 whenever: 할 때에는 언제든지, 할때는 언제나, 도대체 언제 whereabouts: 어디쯤에, 소재, 있는 곳, 행방, 의 장소 whereas: 그런데, 그러나, 을

고려하면, 이에 반하여, 인 까닭에, 이므로, 에 반하여 whisper: 속삭이다, 속삭임, 소근거림, 살랑살랑소리, 살랑살랑 소리를 내다, 말을 가만히 퍼뜨리다, 은밀히 말을 퍼뜨리다, 몰래 말하다, 소문, 적은 분량, 일러바치다 whispering: 속삭임, 속삭이는 whom: 어느 것, 어느 사람, 누구의 목적격 whose: 누구의 wide: 넓게, 헐거운, 폭이 넓은, 개구음의, 동떨어진, 멀리, 활짝열린, 헐렁헐렁한, 해박한, 엉뚱하게 잘못 짚어, 너른 widow: 미망인, 과부, 과부로 만들다, 아내를여윈, 돌리고 남은 패, 빼앗다, 샴페인 술, 과부가 되게 하다 wife: 여자, 처, 아내, 부인 wild: 난폭한, 황무지, 황폐한, 열광적인, 야생의, 야만의, 빗나간, 사람이 살지 않는, 난폭하게, 황야, 방탕한 willing: 기꺼이 ...하는, 자진해서 하는, 마침 잘된, 자발적인 wind: 바람, 숨, 불다, 감다, 굽이, 소문, 휘감기다, 호흡, 한번 감기, 통풍하다, 숨을 돌리게 하다 window: 창, 창문, 창틀, 창을 내다, 장식창, 윈도, 예정기일의 차이, 실행 기간, 관찰할 기회, 창구 windows: 윈도우 wink: 눈짓하다, 반짝이다, 기운차게, 깜박이다, 눈깜박임, 보고도 못본체하다, 눈을 깜빡이다, 눈짓, 눈짓으로 신호하다, 깜박임, 윙크하다 wipe: 훔치다, 손수건, 훔치기, 닦다, 닦기, 닦아내다, 한번 닦기, 비비다, 빼다, 닦음, 주먹다짐 wisdom: 학문, 지혜, 현명, 지식, 분별 현인, 금언, 명언, 현인 wise: 방법, 알리다, 현명한, 정도, 영리해 보이는, 분별있는, 슬기로운, 슬기롭다, 양식, 학문이 있는, 알고 있는 wish: 소원, 바라다, 빌다, 기원, 이기를 빌다, 떠맡기다, 면 좋겠다고 생각하다, 기원 하다, 바람, 희망하다, 바라는 바 withdraw: 회수하다, 취소하다, 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 물러나다, 철수하다, 철회하다, 물러서다, 탈퇴하다, 취하하다, 사용을 끊다 withstand: 에 저항하다, 에 잘 견디다, 저항하다, 견디어내다, 반항하다 woke: 과거분사 won: 원, 한국의 화폐 단위, 원의

Franz Kafka wooden: 나무의, 얼빠진, 나무로 만든, 무뚝뚝한, 멍청한, 활기 없는, 융통성 없는 word: 말, 약속, 단어, 이야기, 성서, 암호, 낱말, 하느님의 말씀, 말로 표현하다, 기별, 기계어 worn: 녹초가 된, 낡아 빠진, 닳아빠진 worried: 당혹한, 걱정스런, 곤란한, 걱정스러운 worry: 걱정, 근심, 괴로워하다, 물어뜯어 괴롭히다, 괴롭히다, 고생, 걱정하다, 걱정시키다, 동물을 물어뜯어 괴롭히다, 물고 흔들다, 풀려고 애쓰다 worst: 가장 나쁘게, 가장 나쁜, 지우다, 무찌르다, 최악의 것, 가장 심한 것, 지게 하다, 가장 나쁜 것, 가장 나쁜 사람, 제일 심한, 가장 심한 사람 write: 쓰다, 기록하다, 저작하다, 편지를 쓰다, 써넣다, 써서 칭하다, 나타내다, 기술하다, 글씨를 쓰다, 기억 장치에 기록하다, 쓰이다 writing: 문서, 필적, 습자, 저술, 씀, 문자로 쓰는, 저작, 쓴 것, 쓰기, 집필, 글을 쓰기 wrong: 오해하다, 고장난, 나쁜, 나쁜 짓, 틀려서, 나쁜게, 부정, 해치다, 틀린, 거꾸로의, 고장나서 yank: 확 잡아당기다, 미국 사람, 홱 잡아당기다, 홱 잡아당겨 …의 상태로 하다, 홱 당기다, 홱 잡아당김, 실책 등으로 피처를 교체시키다, 양키 yearning: 동경, 열망, 포부, 대망, 사모하는, 그리움, 열망하는, 간절한 생각 yesterday: 어제, 최근, 어저께, 작금, 과거, 요 사이, 요즈음, 요즈음에, 지난날, 최근에 yourself: 당신 자신, 정상적인 당신, 평소의 당신

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