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Section 2
Physical and Chemical Data*
Bruce E. Poling Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo (Physical and Chemical Data) George H. Thomson AIChE Design Institute for Physical Properties (Physical and Chemical Data) Daniel G. Friend National Institute of Standards and Technology (Physical and Chemical Data) Richard L. Rowley Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University (Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties) W. Vincent Wilding Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University (Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties)
GENERAL REFERENCES
2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-65
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES Tables 2-1 2-2
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical Properties of Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-3 Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from 0 to −40 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Liquid Water from 0 to −40 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Vapor Pressure (MPa) of Liquid Water from 0 to 100 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted by Chemical Family . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7 2-28
2-48 2-48 2-48 2-48 2-48 2-49 2-52 2-55 2-61
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-11 Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions of HCl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 Partial Pressures of HCl over Aqueous Solutions of HCl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Partial Pressure of H2O Vapor (Fig. 2-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Weight of H2O in Saturated Air (Fig. 2-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 Partial Pressures of H2O and SO2 over Aqueous Solutions of Sulfur Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 Sulfuric Acid Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17 Total Pressure, bar, of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . . . . . . 2-18 Partial Pressures of HNO3 and H2O over Aqueous Solutions of HNO3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O and HBr over Aqueous Solutions of HBr at 20 to 55 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-80 2-80 2-80 2-81 2-81 2-81 2-82 2-84 2-86 2-87 2-88 2-89
*Contribution in part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. 2-1
Copyright © 2008, 1997, 1984, 1973, 1963, 1950, 1941, 1934 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.
2-2 2-20 2-21 2-22
2-23 2-24 2-25 2-26 2-27 2-28 2-29
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Partial Pressures of HI over Aqueous Solutions of HI at 25 °C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vapor Pressures of the System: Water-Sulfuric Acid-Nitric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of CH3COOH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vapor Pressure of Aqueous Diethylene Glycol Solutions (Fig. 2-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Pressure of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mole Percentages of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Pressures of NH3 over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over Aqueous Solutions of Methyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Hydroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-89 2-89 2-89 2-89 2-90 2-91 2-92 2-93 2-94 2-94 2-94
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES Chart for Gases at High Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Content of Air (Fig. 2-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-95 2-95
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES Tables 2-30 2-31 2-32
Density (kg/m3) of Saturated Liquid Water from the Triple Point to the Critical Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density (kg/m3) of Mercury from 0 to 350°C . . . . . . . . . . . . Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) . . . . .
2-96 2-97 2-98
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM Units and Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 Tables 2-33 Aluminum Sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-34 Ammonia (NH3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-35 Ammonium Acetate (CH3COONH4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-36 Ammonium Bichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-37 Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-38 Ammonium Chromate [(NH4)2CrO4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-39 Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-40 Ammonium Sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-41 Arsenic Acid (H3AsO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-104 2-42 Barium Chloride (BaCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-43 Cadmium Nitrate [Cd(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-44 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-45 Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-46 Calcium Hypochlorite (CaOCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-47 Calcium Nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-48 Chromic Acid (CrO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-49 Chromium Chloride (CrCl3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-50 Copper Nitrate [Cu(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-51 Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-52 Cuprous Chloride (CuCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-53 Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-105 2-54 Ferric Sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-55 Ferric Nitrate [Fe(NO3)3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-56 Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-57 Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-58 Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-59 Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-60 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-61 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-62 Hydrofluosilic Acid (H2SiF6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-63 Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-64 Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-65 Nickel Chloride (NiCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-66 Nickel Nitrate [Ni(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-67 Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-106 2-68 Nitric Acid (HNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-107 2-69 Perchloric Acid (HClO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108 2-70 Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108 2-71 Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108 2-72 Potassium Bromide (KBr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-108
2-73 2-74 2-75 2-76 2-77 2-78 2-79 2-80 2-81 2-82 2-83 2-84 2-85 2-86 2-87 2-88 2-89 2-90 2-91 2-92 2-93 2-94 2-95 2-96 2-97 2-98 2-99 2-100 2-101 2-102 2-103 2-104 2-105 2-106 2-107
Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Chlorate (KClO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Chloride (KCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Chrome Alum [K2Cr2(SO4)4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Sulfite (K2SO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Arsenate (Na3AsO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Bichromate (Na2Cr2O7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Bromide (NaBr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Formate (HCOONa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Chlorate (NaClO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Chloride (NaCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Chromate (Na2CrO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Silicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Sulfite (Na2SO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate (Na2S2O3 ⋅5H2O) . . . . . . Stannic Chloride (SnCl4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stannous Chloride (SnCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zinc Nitrate [Zn(NO3)2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS Units and Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-108 Formic Acid (HCOOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-109 Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-110 Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-111 Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-112 Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-113 Densities of Mixtures of C2H5OH and H2O at 20°C . . . . . 2-114 Specific Gravity {60°/60°F [(15.56°/15.56°C)]} of Mixtures by Volume of C2H5OH and H2O . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-115 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-116 Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-117 Glycerol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-118 Hydrazine (N2H4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-119 Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-109 2-110 2-110 2-110 2-110 2-110 2-110 2-110 2-110 2-111 2-111 2-111 2-111 2-111 2-111 2-111 2-112 2-114 2-114 2-114 2-114
2-114 2-114 2-115 2-116 2-116 2-117 2-118 2-119 2-120 2-120 2-121 2-121 2-122
DENSITIES OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS Tables 2-120 2-121
Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a Function of Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOLUBILITIES Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-122 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-123 Solubility as a Function of Temperature and Henry’s Constant at 25°C for Gases in Water . . . . . . . . . . 2-124 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-125 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25°C from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients . . . . . . 2-126 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-127 Ammonia-Water at 10 and 20°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-128 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-129 Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-130 Chlorine (Cl2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-131 Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-124 2-125
2-125 2-126 2-130 2-130 2-131 2-131 2-131 2-131 2-131 2-132 2-132
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA 2-132 2-133 2-134
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over Water, mmHg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THERMAL EXPANSION Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermal Expansion of Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-135 Linear Expansion of the Solid Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-136 Linear Expansion of Miscellaneous Substances . . . . . . . . . 2-137 Volume Expansion of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-138 Volume Expansion of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-139 Additional References Available for the Joule-Thomson Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-140 Approximate Inversion-Curve Locus in Reduced Coordinates (Tr = T/Tc; Pr = P/Pc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CRITICAL CONSTANTS Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2-141 Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPRESSIBILITIES Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Units conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-142 Composition of Selected Refrigerant Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . 2-143 Compressibility Factors for R 407A (Klea 60) . . . . . . . . . . 2-144 Compressibility Factors for R 407B (Klea 61) . . . . . . . . . . 2-145 Compressibilities of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-146 Compressibilities of Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LATENT HEATS Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-147 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-148 Heats of Fusion of Miscellaneous Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-149 Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-151 Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-152 Specific Heat [kJ/(kg⋅K)] of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . 2-153 Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmol⋅K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-154 Specific Heats of Organic Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-155 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a Polynomial Cp [J/(kmol⋅K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-156 Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmol⋅K)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-157 Cp/Cv: Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at 1 atm Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-158 Acetic Acid (at 38°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-159 Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-160 Aniline (at 20°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-161 Copper Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-132 2-132 2-133
2-133 2-133 2-133 2-134 2-135 2-136 2-136
2-162 2-163 2-164 2-165 2-166 2-167 2-168 2-169 2-170 2-171 2-172 2-173 2-174 2-175
Ethyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glycerol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hydrochloric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nitric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phosphoric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potassium Hydroxide (at 19°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Normal Propyl Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Carbonate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sodium Hydroxide (at 20°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sulfuric Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zinc Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-3 2-183 2-183 2-183 2-183 2-183 2-183 2-184 2-184 2-184 2-184 2-184 2-184 2-184 2-184
SPECIFIC HEATS OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS 2-137 2-137
Tables 2-176 2-177
Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids and Solids . . . . . . Oils (Animal, Vegetable, Mineral Oils) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-143 2-143
PROPERTIES OF FORMATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2-178 Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-179 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-180 Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, hT − h298 (kJ/kmol), of Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-181 Ideal Gas Entropies s°, kJ/(kmol⋅K), of Combustion Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-143 2-143 2-143 2-144 2-144
Tables 2-182 2-183
2-137
2-138 2-138
2-144 2-145 2-147 2-148 2-150
2-156 2-156 2-156 2-164 2-165 2-171 2-174 2-176 2-182
2-183 2-183 2-183 2-183 2-183 2-183
2-185 2-185
2-185 2-186 2-195 2-201 2-202
HEATS OF SOLUTION Heats of Solution of Inorganic Compounds in Water . . . . . Heats of Solution of Organic Compounds in Water (at Infinite Dilution and Approximately Room Temperature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES Explanation of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-184 List of Substances for Which Thermodynamic Property Tables Were Generated from NIST Standard Reference Database 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-185 Thermodynamic Properties of Acetone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-186 Saturated Acetylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-187 Thermodynamic Properties of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Dry Air (Fig. 2-5) . . . . . . . 2-188 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air, Moist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-189 Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Ammonia (Fig. 2-6) . . . . . Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Ammonia (Fig. 2-7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-190 Thermodynamic Properties of Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-191 Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Data for the ArgonNitrogen-Oxygen System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-192 Thermodynamic Properties of the International Standard Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-193 Thermodynamic Properties of Benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-194 Saturated Bromine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-195 Thermodynamic Properties of Butane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-196 Thermodynamic Properties of 1-Butene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-197 Thermodynamic Properties of cis-2-Butene . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-198 Thermodynamic Properties of trans-2-Butene . . . . . . . . . . 2-199 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Dioxide . . . . . . . . . 2-200 Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon Monoxide . . . . . . . Temperature-Entropy Diagram for Carbon Monoxide (Fig. 2-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-201 Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Carbon Tetrachloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-203 2-206
2-207 2-207 2-207 2-207
2-208 2-209 2-210 2-211 2-215 2-216 2-216 2-217 2-219 2-220 2-221 2-224 2-228 2-229 2-231 2-232 2-234 2-236 2-238 2-240 2-242 2-244 2-245
2-4 Tables 2-202 2-203 2-204 2-205
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
Saturated Carbon Tetrafluoride (R14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Carbonyl Sulfide . . . . . . . . Saturated Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Chlorine . . . . . . . Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Chlorine (Fig. 2-9) . . 2-206 Saturated Chloroform (R20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-207 Thermodynamic Properties of Cyclohexane . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-208 Thermodynamic Properties of Decane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-209 Thermodynamic Properties of Deuterium Oxide (Heavy Water) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-210 Thermodynamic Properties of 2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-211 Saturated Diphenyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-212 Thermodynamic Properties of Dodecane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-213 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-214 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Ethyl Alcohol (Fig. 2-10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-215 Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-216 Thermodynamic Properties of Fluorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-217 Flutec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-218 Halon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-219 Thermodynamic Properties of Helium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-220 Thermodynamic Properties of Heptane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-221 Thermodynamic Properties of Hexane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-222 Saturated Hydrazine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-223 Thermodynamic Properties of Normal Hydrogen . . . . . . . 2-224 Thermodynamic Properties of para-Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . 2-225 Saturated Hydrogen Peroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-226 Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen Sulfide . . . . . . . . Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride at 1 atm (Fig. 2-11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-227 Thermodynamic Properties of Isobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-228 Thermodynamic Properties of Isobutene (2-Methyl 1-Propene) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-229 Thermodynamic Properties of Krypton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-230 Saturated Lithium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-231 Lithium Bromide—Water Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-232 Saturated Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Mercury (Fig. 2-12) . 2-233 Thermodynamic Properties of Methane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-234 Thermodynamic Properties of Methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-235 Thermodynamic Properties of 2-Methyl Butane (Isopentane) 2-236 Thermodynamic Properties of 2-Methyl Pentane (Isohexane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-237 Saturated Methyl Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-238 Thermodynamic Properties of Neon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-239 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Nitrogen (Fig. 2-13) . . . . . 2-240 Saturated Nitrogen Tetroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-241 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrogen Trifluoride . . . . . 2-242 Thermodynamic Properties of Nitrous Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . Mollier Diagram for Nitrous Oxide (Fig. 2-14). . . . . . . . . . 2-243 Thermodynamic Properties of Nonane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-244 Thermodynamic Properties of Octane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-245 Thermodynamic Properties of Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Oxygen (Fig. 2-15) . . . . . . Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixture at 1 atm (Fig. 2-16). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-246 Thermodynamic Properties of Pentane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-247 Saturated Potassium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mollier Diagram for Potassium (Fig. 2-17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-248 Thermodynamic Properties of Propane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-249 Thermodynamic Properties of Propylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-250 Thermodynamic Properties of R-11, Trichlorofluoromethane Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 11 (Fig. 2-18) 2-251 Thermodynamic Properties of R-12, Dichlorodifluoromethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 12 (Fig. 2-19) 2-252 Thermodynamic Properties of R-13, Chlorotrifluoromethane Refrigerant 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refrigerant 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-253 Saturated Refrigerant 13B1, Bromotrifluoromethane . . . . . 2-254 Saturated Refrigerant 21, Dichlorofluoromethane . . . . . . . . 2-255 Thermodynamic Properties of R-22, Chlorodifluoromethane Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 22 (Fig. 2-20) . 2-256 Thermodynamic Properties of R-23, Trifluoromethane . . . . 2-257 Thermodynamic Properties of R-32, Difluoromethane . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 32 (Fig. 2-21) .
2-245 2-246 2-248 2-249 2-250 2-251 2-252 2-254 2-256 2-258 2-260 2-261 2-263 2-265 2-267 2-268 2-270 2-271 2-271 2-272 2-274 2-276 2-278 2-279 2-281 2-282 2-283 2-285 2-286 2-288 2-290 2-292 2-292 2-293 2-295 2-296 2-298 2-300 2-302 2-304 2-305 2-307 2-309 2-310 2-311 2-313 2-315 2-316 2-318 2-320 2-322 2-323 2-324 2-326 2-326 2-327 2-329 2-331 2-333 2-334 2-336 2-337 2-339 2-339 2-339 2-339 2-340 2-342 2-343 2-345 2-347
2-258 2-259 2-260 2-261 2-262
2-263 2-264 2-265 2-266 2-267 2-268 2-269 2-270 2-271 2-272 2-273 2-274 2-275
2-276 2-277 2-278 2-279 2-280 2-281 2-282 2-283 2-284 2-285 2-286 2-287 2-288 2-289 2-290 2-291 2-292 2-293 2-294 2-295 2-296 2-297 2-298 2-299
2-300 2-301 2-302 2-303 2-304 2-305 2-306 2-307 2-308 2-309
Thermodynamic Properties of R-41, Fluoromethane . . . . . Saturated R-401A (SUVA MP 39) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-401A (SUVA MP 39) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated R-407A (Klea 60) Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated R-407B (Klea 61) Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for R-407A (Klea 60) (Fig. 2-22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for R-407B (Klea 61) (Fig. 2-23). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated R-404A (SUVA HP 62) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-404A (SUVA HP 62) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Refrigerant 123 Saturated R-401B (SUVA MP 66) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-401B (SUVA MP 66) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . Saturated R-402A (SUVA HP 80) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-402A (SUVA HP 80) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . Saturated R-402B (SUVA HP 81) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R-402B (SUVA HP 81) at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-113, 1,1, 2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-114, 1, 2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Refrigerant 115, Chloropentafluoroethane . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-116, Hexafluoroethane . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-123, 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-Trifluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Refrigerant 123 (Fig. 2-24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-124, 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-125, Pentafluoroethane . . Enthalpy–Log-Pressure Diagram for Refrigerant 125 (Fig. 2-25). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-134a, 1,1,1,2Tetrafluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 134a (Fig. 2-26) Thermodynamic Properties of R-141b, 1,1-Dichloro-1Fluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-142b, 1-Chloro-1,1Difluoroethane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-143a, 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane Thermodynamic Properties of R-152a, 1,1-Difluoroethane . Saturated Refrigerant 216a, 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3Hexafluoropropane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-218, Octafluoropropane . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-227ea, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3Heptafluoropropane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Refrigerant 245cb 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane . Refrigerant RC 318, Octafluorocyclobutane . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-404A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-407C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 407C (Fig. 2-27) Thermodynamic Properties of R-410A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Refrigerant 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Refrigerant 502 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Refrigerant 503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Refrigerant 504 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant 507 . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of R-507A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Rubidium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Seawater . . . . . . . . Saturated Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mollier Diagram for Sodium (Fig. 2-28) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide at 1 atm (Fig. 2-29) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfur Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Sulfur Hexafluoride . . . . . . . Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) (Fig. 2-30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated SUVA AC 9000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram for Aqueous Sulfuric Acid at 1 atm (Fig. 2-31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Toluene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saturated Solid/Vapor Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Water Substance along the Melting Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermodynamic Properties of Xenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Tension (N/m) of Saturated Liquid Refrigerants . . Surface Tension σ (dyn/cm) of Various Liquids . . . . . . . . . .
2-348 2-350 2-350 2-351 2-351 2-352 2-353 2-354 2-354 2-355 2-355 2-355 2-356 2-356 2-356 2-357 2-359 2-361 2-362 2-365 2-366 2-367 2-369 2-371 2-372 2-374 2-375 2-377 2-379 2-381 2-383 2-384 2-386 2-388 2-388 2-389 2-391 2-393 2-394 2-396 2-396 2-397 2-397 2-397 2-398 2-400 2-400 2-401 2-402 2-403 2-404 2-406 2-408 2-409 2-409 2-410 2-412 2-413 2-416 2-417 2-419 2-419
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TRANSPORT PROPERTIES Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Units Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tables 2-310 Velocity of Sound (m/s) in Gaseous Refrigerants at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-311 Velocity of Sound (m/s) in Saturated Liquid Refrigerants . . 2-312 Vapor Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Substances (Pas) 2-313 Viscosity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (Pas) . . . . . . . . 2-314 Vapor Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Substances [W/(mK)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-315 Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [W/(mK)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-316 Transport Properties of Selected Gases at Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-317 Lower and Upper Flammability Limits, Flash Point, and Autoignition Temperature for Selected Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-318 Viscosities of Liquids: Coordinates for Use with Fig. 2-32 . . Nomograph for Viscosities of Liquids at 1 atm (Fig. 2-32) . . Tables 2-319 Viscosity of Sucrose Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nomograph for Thermal Conductivity of Organic Liquids (Fig. 2-33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-320 Thermal Conductivity Nomograph Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . 2-321 Prandtl Number of Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-322 Prandtl Number of Liquid Refrigerants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-323 Thermophysical Properties of Miscellaneous Saturated Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-324 Diffusivities of Pairs of Gases and Vapors (1 atm) . . . . . . . . 2-325 Diffusivities in Liquids (25°C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-326 Thermal Conductivities of Some Building and Insulating Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-327 Thermal-Conductivity-Temperature for Metals . . . . . . . . . . 2-328 Thermal Conductivity of Chromium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-329 Thermal Conductivity of Some Alloys at High Temperature 2-330 Thermal Conductivities of Some Materials for Refrigeration and Building Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-331 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at High Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-332 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at Moderate Temperatures (Nusselt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-333 Thermal Conductivities of Insulating Materials at Low Temperatures (Gröber) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-334 Thermal Diffusivity (m2/s) of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . 2-335 Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solid Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-420 2-420 2-420 2-420 2-420 2-421 2-427 2-433 2-439 2-445 2-446 2-448 2-449 2-450 2-450 2-450 2-451 2-451 2-452 2-454 2-456 2-459 2-460 2-461 2-461 2-461 2-461 2-462 2-462 2-462 2-463
PREDICTION AND CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-463 Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-464 Classification of Estimation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Theory and Empirical Extension of Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Corresponding States (CS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Group Contributions (GC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-467 Computational Chemistry (CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Empirical QSPR Correlations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Molecular Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Critical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-468 Tables 2-336 Ambrose Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . 2-469 2-337 Joback Group Contributions for Critical Constants . . . . . . . 2-470 Normal Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-471 Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-471 2-338 Fedors Method Atomic and Structural Contributions . . . . . 2-471 2-339 First-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-472 2-340 Second-Order Groups and Their Contributions for Melting Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-472 Characterizing and Correlating Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-473
2-341 Group Contributions for the Nannoolal Method for Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-342 Intermolecular Interaction Corrections for the Nannoolal et al. Method for Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . Vapor Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-343 Domalski-Hearing Group Contribution Values for Standard State Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gibbs’ Energy of Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latent Enthalpy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy of Vaporization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy of Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Enthalpy of Sublimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-344 Cs (CH) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆Hfus . 2-345 Ct (Functional) Group Values for Chickos Estimation of ∆Hfus Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-346 Group Contributions and Corrections for ∆Hsub . . . . . . . . . Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-347 Benson and CHETAH Group Contributions for Ideal Gas Heat Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-348 Liquid Heat Capacity Group Parameters for Ruzicka-Domalski Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-349 Group Values and Nonlinear Correction Terms for Estimation of Solid Heat Capacity with the Goodman et al. Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-350 Element Contributions to Solid Heat Capacity for the Modified Kopp’s Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-351 Simple Fluid Compressibility Factors Z(0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-352 Acentric Deviations Z(1) from the Simple Fluid Compressibility Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-353 Constants for the Two Reference Fluids Used in Lee-Kesler Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-354 Relationships for Eq. (2-66) for Common Cubic EoS . . . . . Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-355 Reichenberg Group Contribution Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-356 Group Contributions for the Hsu et al. Method . . . . . . . . . . 2-357 UNIFAC-VISCO Group Interaction Parameters αmn . . . . . . Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-358 Correlation Parameters for Baroncini et al. Method for Estimation of Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-359 Sastri-Rao Group Contributions for Liquid Thermal Conductivity at the Normal Boiling Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pure Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquid Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-360 Knotts Group Contributions for the Parachor in Estimating Surface Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flammability Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-361 Group Contributions for Pintar Flammability Limits Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-362 Group Contributions for Pintar Flammability Limits Method for Inorganic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-363 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature Method for Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-364 Group Contributions for Pintar Autoignition Temperature Method for Inorganic Compounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-5
2-474 2-476 2-477 2-477 2-478 2-478 2-478 2-479 2-485 2-486 2-486 2-486 2-487 2-488 2-488 2-488 2-489 2-489 2-489 2-490 2-491 2-495 2-496 2-497 2-497 2-497 2-498 2-498 2-500 2-501 2-502 2-502 2-503 2-503 2-504 2-504 2-505 2-506 2-506 2-507 2-509 2-509 2-510 2-510 2-511 2-511 2-512 2-513 2-513 2-514 2-514 2-515 2-516 2-516 2-517 2-517
GENERAL REFERENCES Considerations of reader interest, space availability, the system or systems of units employed, copyright considerations, etc., have all influenced the revision of material in previous editions for the present edition. Reference is made at numerous places to various specialized works and, when appropriate, to more general works. A listing of general works may be useful to readers in need of further information.
ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, SI edition, ASHRAE, Atlanta, 2005; Benedek, P., and F. Olti, Computer-Aided Chemical Thermodynamics of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1985; Brule, M. R., L. L. Lee, and K. E. Starling, Chem. Eng., 86, 25, Nov. 19, 1979, pp. 155–164; Cox, J. D., and G. Pilcher, Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970; Cox, J. D., D. D. Wagman, and V. A. Medvedev, CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989; Daubert, T. E., R. P. Danner, H. M. Sibel, and C. C. Stebbins, Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, Taylor & Francis, Washington, 1997; Domalski, E. S., and E. D. Hearing, Heat capacities and entropies of organic compounds in the condensed phase, vol. 3, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 25(1):1–525, Jan-Feb 1996; Dykyj, J., and M. Repas, Saturated vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1979 (Slovak); Dykyj, J., M. Repas, and J. Svoboda, Saturated vapor pressures of organic compounds, Veda, Bratislava, 1984 (Slovak); Glushko, V. P., Ed., Thermal Constants of Compounds, Issues I–X., Moscow, 1965–1982 (Russian only); Gmehling, J., Azeotropic Data, 2 vols., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1994; Gmehling, J., and U. Onken, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data Collection, Dechema Chemistry Data Series, Frankfurt, 1977–1978; International Data Series, Selected Data on Mixtures, Series A: Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Kaye, S. M., Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, U.S. Army R&D command, Dover, N.J., 1980; King, M. B., Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures, Pergamon, Oxford, 1969; Landolt-Boernstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology (New Series), http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-10113-295859-0,00.html; Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005; Lyman, W. J., W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt, Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990; Majer, V., and V. Svoboda, Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Science, 1985; Majer V., V. Svoboda, and J. Pick, Heats of Vaporization of Fluids, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989 (general discussion); Marsh, K. N., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Science, 1987; NIST-IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Pergamon Press, http://www.iupac.org/publications/ci/1999/march/solubility.html; Ohse, R. W., and H. von Tippelskirch, High Temp.—High Press., 9:367–385, 1977; Ohse, R. W., Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Science Pubs., Oxford, England, 1985; Pedley, J. B., R. D. Naylor, and S. P. Kirby, Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1986; Physical Property Data for the Design Engineer, Hemisphere, New York, 1989; Poling, B. E., J. M. Prausnitz, and J. P. O’Connell, The Properties of
2-6
Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001; Rothman, D, et al., Max Planck Inst. f. Stromungsforschung, Ber 6, 1978; Smith, B. D., and R. Srivastava, Thermodynamic Data for Pure Compounds, Part A: Hydrocarbons and Ketones, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986, Physical sciences data 25, http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookseriesdescription.librarians/BS_PSD/description; Sterbacek, Z., B. Biskup, and P. Tausk, Calculation of Properties Using Corresponding States Methods, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979; Stull, D. R., E. F. Westrum, and G. C. Sink, The Chemical Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York, 1969; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; TRC Thermodynamic Tables—NonHydrocarbons, Thermodynamics Research Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo.; Young, D. A., “Phase Diagrams of the Elements,” UCRL Rep. 51902, 1975 republished in expanded form by the University of California Press, 1991; Zabransky, M., V. Ruzicka, Jr., V. Majer, and E. S. Domalski, Heat Capacity of Liquids: Critical Review and Recommended Values, J. Phy. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph No. 6, 1996. CRITICAL DATA ARE COMPILED IN:
Ambrose, D., “Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties,” N. P. L. Teddington, Middlesex, Rep. 107, 1980; Kudchaker, A. P., G. H. Alani, and B. J. Zwolinski, Chem. Revs. 68:659–735, 1968; Matthews, J. F., Chem. Revs. 72:71–100, 1972; Simmrock, K., R. Janowsky, and A. Ohnsorge, Critical Data of Pure Substances, Parts 1 and 2, Dechema Chemistry Data Series, 1986; Other recent references for critical data can be found in Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2005. PUBLICATIONS ON THERMOCHEMISTRY
Pedley, J. B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, 1, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ., 1994 (976 pp., 3000 cpds.); Frenkel, M., et al., Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, 2 vols., Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M Univ., 1994 (1825 pp., 2000 cpds.); Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 2 vols., 2d ed., VCH Weinheim, Germany, 1993 (1834 pp., 2400 substances); Gurvich, L.V., et al., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 3 vols., 4th ed., Hemisphere, New York, 1989, 1990, and 1993 (2520 pp.); Lide, D. R., and G. W. A. Milne, Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 7 vols., 3d ed., Chemical Rubber, Miami, 1993 (7000 pp.); Daubert, T. E., et al., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals: Data Compilation, extant 1995, Taylor & Francis, Bristol, Pa., 1995; Database 11, NIST, Gaithersburg, Md. U.S. Bureau of Mines publications include Bulletins 584, 1960 (232 pp.); 592, 1961 (149 pp.); 595, 1961 (68 pp.); 654, 1970 (26 pp.); Chase, M. W., et al., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3d ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 suppl 1., 1986 (1896 pp.); Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data is available online at http://listserv. nd.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0501&L=pamnet&F=&S=&P=8490 and at http://www.nist.gov/srd/reprints.htm
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds* Abbreviations Used in the Table
a., acid A., specific gravity with reference to air = 1 abs., absolute ac., acetic acid act., acetone al., 95 percent ethyl alcohol alk, alkali (i.e., aq. NaOH or KOH) am., amyl (C5H11) amor., amorphous anh., anhydrous aq., aqueous or water aq. reg., aqua regia
atm., atmosphere or 760 mm. of mercury pressure bk., black brn., brown bz., benzene c., cold cb., cubic cc, cubic centimeter chl., chloroform col., colorless or white conc., concentrated cr., crystals or crystalline d., decomposes D., specific gravity with reference to hydrogen = 1
d. 50, decomposes at 50°C; 50 d., melts at 50°C with decomposition delq., deliquescent dil., dilute dk., dark eff., effloresces or efflorescent et., ethyl ether expl., explodes gel., gelatinous gly., glycerol (glycerin) gn., green h., hot hex., hexagonal
hyg., hygroscopic i., insoluble ign., ignites lq., liquid lt., light m. al., methyl alcohol mn., monoclinic nd., needles NH3, liquid ammonia NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide solution oct., octahedral or., orange pd., powder
Aluminum acetate, normal acetate, basic bromide bromide carbide chloride chloride fluoride (fluellite) fluoride hydroxide nitrate nitride oxide oxide (corundum) phosphate
Formula
Formula weight
Color, crystalline form and refractive index
Al Al(C2H3O2)3 Al(OH)(C2H3O2)2 AlBr3 AlBr36H2O Al4C3 AlCl3
26.98 204.11 162.08 266.69 374.78 143.96 133.34
silv., cb. wh. pd. wh., amor. trig. col., delq. cr. yel., hex., 2.70 wh., delq., hex.
AlCl3·6H2O AlF3H2O Al2F67H2O Al(OH)3 Al(NO3)39H2O Al2N2 Al2O3 Al2O3 AlPO4
241.43 101.99 294.06 78.00 375.13 81.98 101.96 101.96 121.95
col., delq., trig., 1.560 col., rhb., 1.490 wh., cr. pd. wh., mn. rhb., delq. yel., hex. col., hex., 1.67–8 wh., trig., 1.768 col., hex.
trig., trigonal v., very vac., in vacuo vl., violet volt., volatile or volatilizes wh., white yel., yellow ∞, soluble in all proportions , greater than 42, about or near 42 −3H2O, 100, loses 3 moles of water per formula weight at 100°C
Solubility is given in parts by weight (of the formula shown at the extreme left) per 100 parts by weight of the solvent; the small superscript indicates the temperature. In the case of gases the solubility is often expressed in some manner as “510° cc” which indicates that at 10 °C, 5 cc. of the gas are soluble in 100 g of the solvent. The symbols of the common mineral acids: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, etc., represent dilute aqueous solutions of these acids. See also special tables on Solubility. REFERENCES: The information given in this table has been collected mainly from the following sources: Mellor, A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Longmans, New York, 1922. Abegg, Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1905. Gmelin-Kraut, Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 7th ed., Carl Winter, Heidelberg; 8th ed., Verlag Chemie, Berlin, 1924. Friend, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Griffin, London, 1914. Winchell, Microscopic Character of Artificial Inorganic Solid Substances or Artificial Minerals, Wiley, New York, 1931. International Critical Tables, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1926. Tables annuelles internationales de constants et donnes numeriques, McGraw-Hill, New York. Annual Tables of Physical Constants and Numerical Data, National Research Council, Princeton, N.J., 1943. Comey and Hahn, A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities, Macmillan, New York, 1921. Seidell, Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal Organic Compounds, Van Nostrand, New York, 1940.
Formula weights are based upon the International Atomic Weights in “Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001,” Pure Appl. Chem., 75, 1107, 2003, and are computed to the nearest hundredth. Refractive index, where given for a uniaxial crystal, is for the ordinary (ω) ray; where given for a biaxial crystal, the index given is for the median (β) value. Unless otherwise specified, the index is given for the sodium D-line (λ = 589.3 mµ). Specific gravity values are given at room temperatures (15 to 20 °C) unless otherwise indicated by the small figures which follow the value: thus, “5.6 18° 4 ” indicates a specific gravity of 5.6 for the substance at 18 °C referred to water at 4°C. In this table the values for the specific gravity of gases are given with reference to air (A) = 1, or hydrogen (D) = 1. Melting point is recorded in a certain case as “82 d.” and in some other case as “d. 82,” the distinction being made in this manner to indicate that the former is a melting point with decomposition at 82°C, while in the latter decomposition only occurs at 82 °C. Where a value such as “−2H2O, 82” is given it indicates loss of 2 moles of water per formula weight of the compound at a temperature of 82 °C. Boiling point is given at atmospheric pressure (760 mm. of mercury) unless otherwise indicated; thus, “8215 mm.” indicates the boiling point is 82°C when the pressure is 15 mm.
Name
pl., plates pr., prisms or prismatic pyr., pyridine rhb., rhombic (orthorhombic) s., soluble satd., saturated sl., slightly soln., solution subl., sublimes sulf., sulfides tart. a., tartaric acid tet., tetragonal tr., transition tri., triclinic
Specific gravity 2.7020° 3.01 25° 4 2.95 2.44 25° 4 2.17 2.42 3.05 3.99 4.00 2.59
25° 4
Melting point, °C 660 d. 200 d. 97.5 d. 100 d. >2200 1945.2atm. d. −4H2O, 120 −2H2O, 300 73 21504atm. 1999 to 2032 1999 to 2032
Boiling point, °C 2056 268 752mm
182.7 ; subl. 178 −6H2O, 250 d. 134 d. >1400 2210
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
Hot water
Other reagents
i. s. i. s. s. d. to CH4 69.8715°
i. d.
s. d.
s.a.; i. NH4 salts s.al., act., CS2 s. al., CS2 s. a.; i. act. s. et., chl., CCl4; i. bz.
400 sl. s. i. 0.00010418° v. s. d. slowly i. i. i.
v. s.
50 al.; s. et.
s.
sl. s. i. v. s. d. i. i. i.
2-7
*By N. A. Lange, Ph.D., Handbook Publishers, Inc., Sandusky, Ohio. Abridged from table of Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry.
s. HCl, H2SO4, alk.
s. a., alk.; i. a. s. al., CS2 s. alk. d. v. sl. s. a., alk. v. sl. s. a., alk. s. a., alk.; i. ac.
2-8
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Name Aluminum (Cont.) potassium silicate (muscovite)
Formula
Formula weight
Color, crystalline form and refractive index
Specific gravity
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
3Al2O3K2O6SiO2· 2H2O Al2O3K2O6SiO2 AlK(C4H4O6)2 AlF33NaF Al2O3Na2O6SiO2 Al2(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4 24H2O Cr2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4 24H2O Fe2(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4 24H2O Al2(SO4)3K2SO4 24H2O Cr2(SO4)3K2SO4 24H2O Al2(SO4)3Na2SO4 24H2O NH3
796.61
mn., 1.590
2.9
d.
i.
556.66 362.22 209.94 524.44 342.15 906.66
col., mn., 1.524 col. wh., mn., 1.3389 col., tri., 1.529 wh. cr. col., oct., 1.4594
2.56
1450 (1150)
2.90 2.61 2.71 1.64 20° 4
1000 1100 d. 770 93.5
i. s. sl. s. i. 31.30° 3.90°
17.03
col. gas, 1.325 (lq.)
77.08 337.09 79.06 97.94 114.10 157.13
wh., hyg. cr. pl. mn. or rhb., 1.5358 col., cb., 1.7108 col. pl. wh. cr.
272.21
wh.
chloride (salammoniac) chloroplatinate chloroplatinite chlorostannate chromate cyanide dichromate ferrocyanide fluoride fluoride, acid formate
NH4C2H3O2 NH4CNAu(CN)3H2O NH4HCO3 NH4Br (NH4)2CO3H2O NH4HCO3 NH2CO2NH4‡ (NH4)2CO3 2NH4HCO3H2O NH4Cl (NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2PtCl4 (NH4)2SnCl6 (NH4)2CrO4 NH4CN (NH4)2Cr2O7 (NH4)4Fe(CN)66H2O NH4F NH4FHF HCO2NH4
53.49 443.87 372.97 367.50 152.07 44.06 252.06 392.19 37.04 57.04 63.06
wh., cb., 1.639, 1.6426 yel., cb. tet. pink., cb. yel., mn. col., cb. or., mn. mn. wh., hex. wh., rhb., 1.390 col., mn., delq.
hydrosulfide hydroxide molybdate molybdate, heptanitrate (α), stable −16° to 32° nitrate (β), stable 32° to 84°
NH4HS NH4OH (NH4)2MoO4 (NH4)6Mo7O244H2O‡ NH4NO3 NH4NO3
51.11 35.05 196.01 1235.86 80.04 80.04
col., rhb. in soln. only mn. col., mn. col., tet., 1.611 col., rhb. or mn.
nitrite osmochloride oxalate oxalate, acid perchlorate persulfate phosphate, monobasic
NH4NO2 (NH4)2OsCl6 (NH4)2C2O4H2O NH4HC2O4H2O NH4ClO4 (NH4)2S2O8 NH4H2PO4
64.04 439.02 142.11 125.08 117.49 228.20 115.03
wh. nd. cb. col., rhb. col., trimetric col., rhb., 1.4833 wh., mn., 1.5016 col., tet., 1.5246
potassium silicate (orthoclase) Aluminum potassium tartrate sodium fluoride (cryolite) sodium silicate sulfate Alum, ammonium (tschermigite) ammonium chrome ammonium iron potassium (kalinite) potassium chrome sodium Ammonia† Ammonium acetate auricyanide bicarbonate bromide carbonate carbonate, carbamate carbonate, sesqui-
956.69 964.38
gn. or vl., oct., 1.4842
1.72
100 d.
vl., oct., 1.485
1.71
948.78
col., mn., 1.4564
1.76 26° 4
92
998.81
red or gn., cb., 1.4814
1.83
89
916.56
col., oct., 1.4388
−20H2O, 120; −24H2O, 200
1.675
−79°
0.817 0.5971 (A) 1.073 1.573 2.327 15° 4
2.4 1.91712° 0.79100° (A) 2.15 12° 2.21 12 1.266
21.2
−18H2O, 64.5
5.7 °
61
93°
50
106.4
0°
i. al.
i. al. ∞
20
i. HCl d. a.
s. al.
124
i. al. 45°
121.7
i. al.
−77.7
−33.4
89.9
114 d. 200 d. 35–60 subl. 542 d. 58 subl.
d.
1484° s. 11.90° 6810° 10015° 2515°
v. s. 2730° 145.6100°
2015°
5049°
29.40° 0.715° s. 33.315° 40.530° s. 47.230° s. v. s. v. s. 1020°
77.3100° 1.25100° v. s.
s. NH3; sl. s. al., m. al. 0.005 al.
d. v. s. v. s. d.
sl. s. act., NH3; i. al. s. al. s. al.; i. act. i. al. s. al.; i. NH3
53180°
s. al.
d. 1.5317° 3.065
i. 89100° ∞ 100°
25°
0
Other reagents
s.
25°
40
20° 4
Hot water
d. 350 d. d.
subl. 520
d. 180 36 d. 185 d. 114–116 d.
2.27
d.
1.66 25° 4 1.725 25° 4
169.6
1.69 2.93 20° 4 1.501 1.556 1.95 1.98 1.803 19° 4
expl.
d. 180; subl. in vac. subl. 120
d. 210 d. 210
0°
v. s. s. d. 4425° 118.30° 365.835° s.
7.4
14.820° al.; s. et. s. al.; sl. s. act. i. al. i. al. s. al., et., act. i. al., CS2, NH3
6765°
s. al. d. 241.830° 58080° d.
0°
d. d. d. 120
96°
2.5 s. 10.90° 58.20° 22.70°
11.850° 100°
46.9 d. 173.2100°
i. al., NH3 i. al. 3.820° al., 17.120° m. al.; v. s. NH3 s. al. sl. s. al.; i. NH3 220° al.; s. act.; i. et. i. ac.
phosphate, dibasic phosphate, metaAmmonium phosphomolybdate silicofluoride sulfamate sulfate (mascagnite) sulfate, acid sulfide sulfide, pentasulfite sulfite, acid tartrate thiocyanate vanadate, metaAntimony
(NH4)2HPO4 (NH4)4P4O12 (NH4)3PO412MoO3 3H2O (?) (NH4)2SiF6 NH4SO3NH2 (NH4)2SO4 NH4HSO4 (NH4)2S (NH4)2S5 (NH4)2SO3H2O NH4HSO3 (NH4)2C4H4O6 NH4CNS NH4VO3 Sb
132.06 388.04 1930.39 178.15 114.12 132.14 115.11 68.14 196.40 134.16 99.11 184.15 76.12 116.98 121.76
col., mn., 1.53 col., mn. yel.
13115° s. 0.0315°
1.619 2.21 d.
cb., 1.3696 col. pl. col., rhb., 1.5230 col., rhb., 1.480 yel.-wh. or.-red pr. col., mn. rhb. col., mn. col., mn., 1.685 col. cr. tin wh., trig.
2.01
1.41 2.03 12° 4 1.60 1.305 2.326 6.68425°
d. d. d. 149.6 d. 630.5
1.769 20° 4 1.78
17.5°
i.
s. alk.; i. al., HNO3
55.5 35750° 103.3100°
s. al.; i. act.
1380
18.5 1340° 70.60° 100 v. s. s. 10012° s. 450° 1200° 0.4418° i.
87 17020° 3.0570° i.
73.4
220.2
601.60°
∞72°
1570
v. sl. s.
132 235 d. 146.9 d.
subl. d. 160
i. act.
490
d. 170
i. al., act., CS2 v. sl. s. al.; i. act. 12025° NH3 i. al., act.
60°
sl. s. al. s. al., act., NH3, SO2 i. al., NH4Cl s. aq. reg., h. conc. H2SO4 s. al., HCl, HBr, H2C4H4O6 s. HCl, KOH, H2C4H4O6
SbCl3
228.12
col., rhb., delq.
3.14 20° 4
Sb2O3 Sb2O3 Sb2S3
291.52 291.52 339.72
rhb., 2.35 cb., 2.087 bk., rhb., 4.046
5.67 5.2 4.64
656 652 550
sulfide, pentatelluride, triAntimonyl potassium tartrate (tartar emetic) sulfate, normal sulfate, basic Argon
Sb2S5 Sb2Te3
403.85 626.32
golden gray
4.1200°
−2S, 135 629
i.
i.
(SbO)KC4H4O6aH2O (SbO)2SO4 (SbO)2SO4Sb2(OH)4 Ar
333.94 371.58 683.20 39.95
wh., rhb. wh. pd. wh. pd. col. gas
2.60 4.89
−aH2O, 100 −189.2
−185.7
35.7100° d. d. 2.2350° cc
Arsenic (crystalline) (α) Arsenic (black) (β)
As4 As4
299.69 299.69
met., hex. bk., amor.
1.65−288°; 1.402−185.7°; 1.38 (A) 5.72714° 4.720°
5.268.7° d. i. 5.60° cc
81436atm.
subl. 615
i. i.
i. i.
Arsenic (yellow)(γ) acid, orthoacid, metaacid, pyropentoxide sulfide, di- (realgar)
As4 H3AsO4aH2O HAsO3 H4As2O7 As2O5 As2S2
299.69 150.95 123.93 265.87 229.84 213.97
yel., cb. col., hyg. wh., hyg. col. wh., amor. red, mn., 2.68
2.020° 2.0–2.5
s. HNO3 s. HNO3, aq. reg., aq. Cl2, h. alk.
d. 358 35.5 d. d. 206
−H2O, 160
50 H3AsO4 H3AsO4 76.7100° d.
s. alk.
d. 565
16.7 d. to form d. to form 59.50° i.
s. alk., al. s. K2S, NaHCO3
sulfide, pentaArsenious chloride (butter of arsenic) hydride (arsine) oxide (arsenolite) oxide (claudetite) oxide
As2S5
310.17
yel.
d. 500
0.0001360°
i.
s. HNO3, alk.
AsCl3 AsH3 As2O3 As2O3 As2O3
181.28 77.95 197.84 197.84 197.84
oily lq. col. gas col., cb., fibrous, 1.755 col., mn., 1.92 amor. or vitreous
130 −55; d. 230
d. 20 cc sl. s. sl. s. 1.210°
d. sl. s. sl. s. sl. s. 2.9340°
Auric chloride
AuCl32H2O
339.36
or. cr.
v. s.
v. s.
cyanide Aurous chloride cyanide Cf. also under Gold Barium acetate acetate bromide
Au(CN)36H2O AuCl AuCN
383.11 232.42 222.98
yel. cr. yel. cr.
7.4
v. s. d. i.
v. s. d. i.
s. HCl, HBr, PCl3 sl. s. alk. i. al., et. i. al., et. s. HCl, alk., Na2CO3; i. al., et. s. HCl, al., et.; sl. s. NH3 s. al. s. HCl, HBr; d. al. s. KCN; i. al., et.
Ba Ba(C2H3O2)2 Ba(C2H3O2)2H2O BaBr2
137.33 255.42 273.43 297.14
silv. met. col. wh., tri. pr., 1.517 col.
3.5 2.468 2.19 4.781 24° 4
d. 58.80° 7530°(anh.) 980°
d. 75.0100° 7940°(anh.) 149100°
chloride, tri- (butter of antimony)* oxide, tri- (valentinite) oxide, tri- (senarmontite) sulfide, tri- (stibnite)
2-9
*Usually the solution. †See special tables. ‡Usual commercial form.
4.086 (α)3.50619°; (β)3.25419° lq. 2.163 2.695 (A) 3.865 25° 4 3.85 3.738
(α)tr. 267; (β)307 −18 −113.5 subl. subl. 315
0.00017
d. d. 50 AuCl3, 170 d.
d. 290
850
1140
−H2O, 41 847
d.
sl. s. 18°
d.
s. HCl; alk., NH4HS, K2S; i. ac. s. HCl, alk., NH4HS s. gly.; i. al. 5.1515° gly. 2425° cc al.
s. a.; d. al. i. al. v. s. m. al.; v. sl. s. act.
2-10
TABLE 2-1
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Name Barium (Cont.) bromide carbonate (witherite) carbonate (α) carbonate (β) Barium chlorate chlorate chloride chloride chloride hydroxide hydroxide nitrate (nitrobarite) oxalate oxide peroxide peroxide phosphate, monobasic phosphate, dibasic phosphate, tribasic phosphate, pyrosilicofluoride sulfate (barite, barytes) sulfide, monosulfide, trisulfide, tetraBeryllium (glucinum) Bismuth carbonate, subchloride, dichloride, trinitrate nitrate, suboxide, trioxide, trioxide, trioxychloride
Formula
Formula weight
Color, crystalline form and refractive index
Specific gravity
Melting point, °C
BaBr22H2O BaCO3 BaCO3 BaCO3 Ba(ClO3)2 Ba(ClO3)2H2O* BaCl2 BaCl2 BaCl22H2O† Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)28H2O Ba(NO3)2 BaC2O4 BaO
333.17 197.34 197.34 197.34 304.23 322.24 208.23 208.23 244.26 171.34 315.46 261.34 225.35 153.33
col., mn., 1.7266 wh., rhb., 1.676 wh., hex. wh. col. col., mn., 1.577 col., mn., 1.7361 col., cb. col., mn., 1.646 col., mn. col., mn., 1.5017 col., cb., 1.572 wh. cr. col., cb., 1.98
BaO2* BaO28H2O BaH4(PO4)2 BaHPO4 Ba3(PO4)2 Ba2P2O7 BaSiF6 BaSO4
169.33 313.45 331.30 233.31 601.92 448.60 279.40 233.39
gray or wh. pd. pearly sc. tri. wh., rhb. nd., 1.635 wh., cb. wh., rhb. pr. col., rhb., 1.636
BaS BaS3 BaS42H2O Be(Gl) Bi
169.39 233.52 301.62 9.01 208.98
Bi2O3CO2H2O BiCl2(?) BiCl3* Bi(NO3)35H2O BiONO3H2O Bi2O3 Bi2O3 Bi2O3 BiOCl
527.98 279.89 315.34 485.07 305.00 465.96 465.96 465.96 260.43
col., cb., 2.155 yel.-gn. red, rhb. gray, met., hex. silv. wh. or reddish, hex. wh. pd. bk. nd. wh. cr. col., tri. hex. pl. yel., rhb. yel., tet. yel., cb. wh., amor.
6.86 4.86 4.75 2.82 4.92815° 8.9 8.55 8.20 7.7215°
d. 163 230 d. 30 d. 260 820 860 tr. 704
3.69 4.29
3.179 3.856 24° 4 3.097 24° 4 4.495 2.18816° 3.24428° 2.658 5.72 4.958 4°
2.9 4.16515° 4.116° 3.920° 4.27915° 4.49915°
Boiling point, °C
−2H2O, 100 tr. 811 to α tr. 982 to β 174090atm 414 d. 120 tr. 925 962 −2H2O, 100
d. d. 1450
77.9 592
−8H2O, 550 d.
1923
2.988 1.816 9.8020°
d. 400 d. 200 1284 271
Other reagents
v. s. 0.0065100°
s. al. s. a.; i. al.
0.002218° 20.350° s. 310°
0.0065100° 84.880° s. 59100°
s. a.; i. al.
76.8100° 101.480°
2000
39.30° 1.670° 5.615° 5.00° 0.00168° 1.50°
d. d. d.
tr. to mn. 1149
v. sl. s. 0.168 d. 0.015 i. 0.01 0.02617° 0.0001150°
2767 1450
d. s. 4115° i. i.
d. s. v. s. sl. s. d. i.
i. d. d. d. i. i. i. i. sl. s.
i.
i. i. i. i. sl. s.
2.660°
40.2100°
1560 1560
4.2515° 20°
Hot water
v. s. 0.002218°
−O, 800 −8H2O, 100
1580 d.
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
d. 300 447 −5H2O, 80 1900
34.2100° 0.002424° 90.880°
0.09100° 0.00028530°
sl. s. al., act. sl. s. HCl, HNO3; i. al. sl. s. HCl, HNO3; i. al. v. sl. s. al.; i. et. sl. s. a.; i. al. s. a., NH4Cl; i. al. s. HCl, HNO3, abs. al.; i. NH3, act. s. dil. a.; i. act. s. dil. a.; i. al., et., act. s. a. s. a., NH4 salts s. a. s. a., NH4 salts sl. s. HCl, NH4Cl; i. al. s. conc. H2SO4; 0.006, 3% HCl d. HCl; i. al. i. al., CS2 s. dil. a., alk. s. aq. reg., conc. H2SO4, HNO3 s. a. s. al. 4219° act.; s. a.; i. al. s. a. s. a. s. a. s. a. s. a.; i. act., NH3, H2C4H4O6 22.220° gly., 0.2425° et.; s. al. s. HNO3; i. al.
Boric acid
H3BO3
61.83
wh., tri.
1.43515°
185 d.
Boron
B
10.81
2.32
2300
2550
i.
i.
carbide oxide oxide (sassolite) Bromic acid Bromine
B4C B2O3 B2O33H2O HBrO3 Br2
55.25 69.62 123.67 128.91 159.81
gray or bk., amor. or mn. bk. cr. col. glass, 1.459 tri., 1.456 col.; in soln. only rhb., or red lq.
2.54 1.85 1.49
2450 577 d. d. 100 −7.2
>3500 >1500
i. 1.10° sl. s. v. s. 4.220°
i. 15.7100° s. d. 3.1330°
i. a. s. a., al., gly.
hydrate Cadmium acetate acetate carbonate
Br210H2O Cd Cd(C2H3O2)2 Cd(C2H3O2)22H2O* CdCO3
339.96 112.41 230.50 266.53 172.42
red, oct. silv. met., hex. col. col., mn. wh., trig.
8.6520° 2.341 2.01 4.2584°
d. 6.8 320.9 256 −H2O, 130 d. 200 d. 300 350 59.4
132
d. 900–1000 d. 1000 tr. 108 tr. 41.5
3.6720° 2.765
tr. 4 1750100atm 810 d. 1600 1551
3.353 25° 4 2.93 25° 2.711 4 2.152 15° 4
760 d. 825 1339103atm. 772
1810
1.6817°
29.92 −2H2O, 130
−6H2O, 200 −4H2O, 185
1.7 3.18020° 2.015 1.7 2.2
2.872 3.3 2.36 1.82 2.6317° 2.2334° 2.24° 2.2 3.32 2.220 16° 4 2.306 16° 4 3.14 2.82 3.09 2.25 2.5115° 2.905 2.915 2.96
subl. in N2, 980 1200 30
>1600
1330 d. d. 675 −H2O, 580 d. −2H2O, 200 −3H2O, 100
−8H2O, 100 −H2O, 100 d. 1670 975 1230
2850 expl. 275 d. 200
>1600 1540 tr. 1190 to α 1450(mn.)
76.50° s. 114.20° s. 350−5° 0.000001 d. 520° d. 0.01325° 1250° 0.001220°† 0.001425° 59.50° s. v. s. 0.08518° s. d. s. 0.001618° 16.10° d. 0.1850° delq.; d. i. 10.5
180100° 32659.5° i. i. 60.8100° s. 127.660° s. Colloidal d. 45.580° i. 312105° 0.002100° 0.002100° 347260° s. v. s. 0.09626° d. 15090° 0.001726° 18.4100 0.077100° d. ∞
2.0515° m. al. s. a.; NH4OH, KCN s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk. v. s. a. s. al., NH3; i. HNO3 s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk. s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk. d. a., alk. i.act., NH3 i. al. i. al. i. al. s. a.; v. s. NH4OH s, a.; sl. s. al. sl. s. al. s. HCl s. dil. a. s. al., act.; sl. s. NH3 s. a., NH4Cl s. a., NH4Cl s. al. s. al. s. al. 0.006518° al. i. al. sl. s. a. i. al., et. d. a.; i. bz. s. NH4Cl d. a. s. HCl, H4P2O6 ∞h. al.; i. et.
18°
d. 730–760 1391 561 42.7 900 d. −H2O, 200 2570
16820° 0.024718° 0.0002625° 109.70° 2150° i. i.
tr. 1193 to rhb.
0.032 i. 1020° 2660° d. 770° 0.0006713° i. Forms Ca(OH)2 sl. s. 0.0224.5° 0.0025 i. i. sl. s. d. 0.009517° 0.29820°
i. 376151° v. s. d. 41790° 0.001495° i. d. d. 0.075100° d. i.
0.1619100°
1415° al.; s. amyl al., NH3 s. dil. a.; i. abs. al. s. 90% al. s. a.; i. ac. s. a.; i. ac s. a.; i. al. s. a. d.; i. al., et. s. a.; i. al., ac. i. a. s. a. s. a.; i. NH4Cl s. dil. a.; i. al., et. s. HCl s. a., Na2S2O3, NH4 salts
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
2-12
Name Calcium (Cont.) sulfate (gypsum) sulfhydrate sulfide (oldhamite) sulfite tartrate thiocyanate thiosulfate tungstate (scheelite) Carbon, cf. table of organic compounds Carbon, amorphous Carbon, diamond Carbon, graphite dioxide disulfide
Formula
172.17
col., mn., 1.5226
Ca(SH)26H2O CaS CaSO32H2O CaC4H4O64H2O Ca(CNS)23H2O CaS2O36H2O CaWO4
214.32 72.14 156.17 260.21 210.29 260.30 287.92
col. pr. col., cb. wh., cr., 1.595 col., rhb. wh., delq. cr. col., tri., 1.56 wh., tet., 1.9200
C C C CO2
12.01 12.01 12.01 44.01
bk., amor. col., cb., 2.4195 bk., hex. col. gas
CS2
76.14
col. lq.
CO
oxychloride (phosgene) oxysulfide
COCl2 COS C3O2 CSCl2 2CeO23H2O Ce(OH)(NO3)33H2O CeO2 Ce(SO4)24H2O Ce
28.01
98.92 60.08 68.03 114.98 398.28 397.18 172.11 404.30 140.12
Cerous sulfate sulfate Cesium Chloric acid Chlorine
Ce2(SO4)3 Ce2(SO4)38H2O Cs HClO37H2O Cl2
568.42 712.54 132.91 210.57 70.91
hydrate Chloroplatinic acid Chlorostannic acid Chlorosulfonic acid Chromic acetate chloride chloride fluoride hydroxide
Cl28H2O H2PtCl66H2O H2SnCl66H2O HOSO2Cl Cr2(C2H3O2)62H2O CrCl3 CrCl36H2O* CrF3 Cr(OH)3
215.03 517.90 441.54 116.52 494.29 158.36 266.45 108.99 103.02
Cr(OH)32H2O Cr(NO3)39H2O* Cr(NO3)37aH2O Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 Cr2(SO4)35H2O Cr2(SO4)315H2O Cr2(SO4)318H2O Cr2S3
139.05 400.15 373.13 151.99 392.18 482.26 662.41 716.46 200.19
hydroxide nitrate nitrate oxide sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfide
Color, crystalline form and refractive index
CaSO42H2O
monoxide
suboxide thionyl chloride Ceric hydroxide hydroxynitrate oxide sulfate Cerium
Formula weight
col., poisonous, odorless gas poisonous gas gas gas yel.-red lq. yel., gelatinous red, mn. wh. or pa. yel., cb. yel., rhb. steel gray, cb. or hex. wh., mn. or rhb. tri. silv. met., hex. lq. rhb., or gn.-yel. gas rhb. red-brn., delq. delq. col. lq. gn. pink, trig. vl. or gn., hex. pl. gn., rhb. gn. or blue, gelatinous gn. purple pr. purple, mn. dark gn., hex. rose pd. gn. vl. vl., cb., 1.564 brn.-bk. pd.
Specific gravity 2.32 2.815°
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
−1aH2O, 128
−2H2O, 163
d. 15 −2H2O, 100 d.
d. 650
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
Hot water
0.2230°
0.25750°
v. s. d. 0.004318° 0.0370° s. 71.29° 0.2
v. s. d. 0.002790° 0.2285° v. s. d.
Other reagents s. a., gly., Na2S2O3, NH4 salts s. al. s. a. s. H2SO3 sl. s. al. v. s. al. i. al. s. NH4Cl; i. a.
1.87316° 6.06
d.
1.8–2.1 3.5120° 2.2620° lq. 1.101−87°; 1.53 (A); solid 1.56−79° 22° lq. 1.261 20 ; 2.63 (A) lq. 0.814−195° 4 ; 0.968 (A) 1.392 19° 4 lq. 1.24−87°; 2.10 (A) lq. 1.1140° 1.50915°
>3500 >3500 >3500 −56.65.2atm.
4200 4200 4200 subl. −78.5
i. i. i. 179.70° cc
i. i. i. 90.120° cc
i. a., alk. i. a., alk. i. a., alk. s. a., alk.
−108.6
46.3
0.20°
0.01450°
s. al.; et.
−207
−192
0.00440°; 3.50° cc
0.001850° 2.3220° cc
s. al., Cu2Cl2
−104 −138.2
8.2756mm −50.2760mm
v. s. sl. d. 1330° cc
d. 40.330° cc
s. ac., CCl4, bs.; d.a. v. s. alk., al.
−107
7761mm 73.5
d.
s. et. s. a.; sl. s. alk. carb.; i. alk
7.3 3.91 6.920° cb.; 6.7 hex. 3.91 2.88617° 1.9020° 1.28214.2° lq. 1.56−33.6°; 2.490° (A) 1.23 2.431 1.97128° 1.78725°
d. 9.6 60 19.2 −80
2.75715° 1.835 25° 4 3.8
subl. 83 >1000
5.21 3.012 1.86717° 1.722° 3.7719°
1950 645
1400
d. i. s. d. i.
i.
0°
−8H2O, 630 28.5 600
2.286 15.6° 4 4.6
−4H2O, 110 tr. 103
4.4 3.53 2.9
d. 422 474.5
3.4 6.0 6.4 to 6.8 5.6 5.80 lq. 0.866−17.2°; 1.806 (A)
bk.-brn., hex. delq. red-yel., delq. dark blue
2.804
Fe(OH)3 Fe(C3H5O3)3 Fe(NO3)36H2O Fe2O3
106.87 323.06 349.95 159.69
red-brn. brn., amor., delq. rhb., delq. red or bk., trig., 3.042 rhb., 1.814 yel., trig. yel., delq. gn. bk., cb., 2.42
3.4 to 3.9
303.59 392.14
chloride (lawrencite)
Fe3O44H2O FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 6H2O FeCl2
chloroplatinate ferricyanide (Turnbull’s blue) ferrocyanide formate hydroxide nitrate oxide
FePtCl66H2O Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 Fe2Fe(CN)6 Fe(HCO2)22H2O Fe(OH)2 Fe(NO3)26H2O FeO
571.73 591.43 323.64 181.91 89.86 287.95 71.84
126.75
bk. blue-gn., mn., 1.4915 gn.-yel., hex., 1.567 yel., hex. dark blue blue-wh., amor.
1366 d.
908 −aH2O, 360 1235
−O, 1800
1100 1130 −34.4
−20.5
subl. 1100
Hot water
i. i. i. i. 14.30°
i. i.
24.30° 0.00003318°
205100°
1.18° al. s. HNO3, KCN
0.0215° d. i. 1.5225° i.
0.1485°
s. a., KOH s. NH4I s. a., NH4OH s. HCl, NH4OH, al. s. KCN, HCl, NH4OH; sl. s. NH3 s. NH4OH; i. HCl s. NH4OH; i. NH4Cl s. HF, HCl, HNO3; i. al. s. a., NH4OH s. HCl, NH4Cl, NH4OH s. HNO3; i. HCl s. HNO3, NH4OH; i. act. s. HNO3, NH4OH; i. act. 230020° cc al.; 50018° cc et.
i. i. i. i. i. i. 0.000518° 0.000518° 45020° cc
75.4100°
i. i.
i. i.
s. a.; KCN, NH4Cl s. a., KCN, NH4Cl s. a. s. HNO3; i. HCl i. al.
s. a.; al. 0°
100°
v. s. al.; et. +HCl s. al., act., gly. s. HCl, conc. H2SO4; i. al., et. s. a.; i. al., et. i. et. s. al., act. s. HCl
535.8 ∞ d.
i. v. s. 1500° i.
i. v. s. ∞ d. d. s.
5.2
d. 50 d. 180 1538 d.
sl. s. 440 s. i. i.
i.
s. d. h. HCl i. al.
1.864
d. d.
i. 180°
i. 10075°
s. a. i. al.
64.410°
105.7100°
100 al.; s. act.; i. et.
v. s. i. i. sl. s. 0.00067 2000° i.
v. s.
1.684 5.12
3.09718° 2.1
−1aH2O, 500 35 1560 d.
d.
d. 480
2.7
delq.
2.714 d. 3.4 5.7
315 280
Other reagents
74.4 2460° i.
20°
282 37 d.
d. lt. gn. cr. bk.
Forms CuO, 650 −5H2O, 250 d. 220
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
i. 11°
162.20 270.30 859.23
399.88 562.02 775.43 1662.61 231.53
Boiling point, °C
d.
FeCl3 FeCl36H2O* Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
Fe2(SO4)3 Fe2(SO4)39H2O FeCl22FeCl318H2O Fe′′′ 4 Fe′′ 3 [Fe(CN)6]6 Fe3O4
Melting point, °C
60.5 1420
i. H2SO4, NH3 s. abs. al.
i. dil. a., al.
30025° i.
s. a., NH4Cl s. a.; i. alk.
Fe3(PO4)28H2O
501.60
silicate sulfate (siderotilate) sulfate (copperas) sulfide cf. also under iron Fluoboric acid Fluorine
FeSiO3 FeSO45H2O FeSO47H2O* FeS
131.93 241.98 278.01 87.91
HBF4 F2
87.81 38.00
Fluosilicic acid Gadolinium Gallium bromide Glucinum cf. Beryllium Gold Gold, colloidal Gold salts cf. under Auric and Aurous Hafnium Helium Hydrazine formate hydrate hydrochloride hydrochloride, dinitrate nitrate, disulfate sulfate Hydrazoic acid (azoimide) Hydriodic acid Hydriodic acid Hydriodic acid Hydriodic acid Hydriodic acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic acid
H2SiF6 Gd GaBr3
144.09 157.25 309.44
Au Au
196.97 196.97
yel. met., cb. blue to vl.
19.3
Hf He N2H4 N2H42HCO2H N2H4H2O N2H4HCl N2H42HCl N2H4HNO3 N2H42HNO3 N2H4aH2SO4 N2H4H2SO4 HN3 HI HIH2O HI2H2O HI3H2O HI4H2O HBr HBrH2O
178.49 4.00 32.05 124.10 50.06 68.51 104.97 95.06 158.07 81.08 130.12 43.03 127.91 145.93 163.94 181.96 199.97 80.91 98.93
hex. col. gas col. lq. cb. col. yel. lq. wh., cb. cr. nd. delq. pl. rhb. col. lq. col. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. gas; 1.325 (lq.) col. lq.
12.1 0.1368 (A) 1.011 15° 4
Hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid Hydrocyanic acid (prussic acid)
HBr (47.8% in H2O) HBr2H2O HCl† HCl (45.2% in H2O) HCl2H2O HCl3H2O HCN
80.91 118.96 36.46 36.46 72.49 90.51 27.03
Hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrogen
HF HF (35.35% in H2O) H2
20.01 20.01 2.02
col. lq. wh. cr. col. gas; 1.256 (lq.) col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. poisonous gas or col. lq., 1.254 gas or col. lq. col. lq. col. gas or cb.
H2O2‡ H2Se H2S NH2OH NH2OHHCl NH2OHHNO3 NH2OHaH2SO4
34.01 80.98 34.08 33.03 69.49 96.04 82.07
phosphate (vivianite)
peroxide selenide sulfide Hydroxylamine hydrochloride nitrate sulfate
2-15
*Usual commercial form. †Usual commercial form about 31 percent. ‡Usual commercial forms 3 or 30 percent.
blue, mn., 1.592, 1.603 mn. gn., tri., 1.536 blue-gn., mn. bk., hex. col. lq. gn.-yel. gas
2.58 3.5 2.2 1.89914.8° 4.84 lq. 1.51−187°; 1.3115° (A)
1550
col. lq., 1.333 col. gas col. gas rhb., delq. col., mn. col. cr. col., mn.
1.0321° 1.42
1.378 4.40° (A) 1.715°
2.710° (A) 1.78 1.486 2.11−15° 1.2680° (A) 1.48 1.46 −18.3° 4 18°
0.697
0.98813.6° 1.15 lq. 0.0709−252.7° 0.06948 (A) 1.438 20° 4 2.12−42° 1.1895 (A) 1.3518° 1.6717°
i.
s. a.; i. ac.
64 1193
−5H2O, 300 −7H2O, 300 d.
s. 32.80° 0.00061618°
s. 14950°
i. al. i. al. s. a.; i. NH3
−223
130 d. −187
∞ d.
∞
s. al.
s.
s.
s.
s.
i. s.
i.
s. aq. reg., KCN; i. a. s. aq. reg., KCN; i. a.
0.970° cc ∞ s. ∞ v. s. s. 174.910° v. s. v. s. 3.05522° ∞ 4250010° cc ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ 2210°
1.0850° cc ∞
Absorbed by Pt s. al.
∞ v. s. v. s. v. s.
∞ al.; i. et. sl. s. al. s. al.
delq. cr. 20°
i.
1063
2600
>1700 3200(?) −268.9 113.5
198 70.7 104 85 254 −80 −50.8 −43 −48 −36.5 −86
118.5739.5mm subl. 140 d. 37 −35.5 127774mm
−67
−11 −111 −15.35 0 −24.4 −14
d. d. 26
∞ s. 82.30° ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
−83 −35 −259.1
19.4 120 −252.7
∞ 0° to 19.4° v. s. 2.10° cc
−0.89 −64 −82.9 34 151 48 170 d.
126 −85
760mm
151.4 −42 −59.6 56.522mm d. d. 560
>4800
83.93 119.98 119.98 647.44
yel.-gray, oct. yel., rhb. yel., cb. hex.
6.1 20° 4 4.87 5.0 4.6 20° 4
d. d.
i. 0.00049 0.0005 i.
i.
tr. 450 1171 d. >700
Kr La Pb
83.80 138.91 207.20
col. gas lead gray silv. met., cb.
2.818 (A) 6.1520° 20° 11.337 20
−169 826 327.5
−151.8 1800 1620
11.050° cc d. i.
3.5760° cc
Pb(C2H3O2)2 Pb(C2H3O2)23H2O† Pb(C2H3O2)210H2O Pb2(C2H3O2)3OH Pb(C2H3O2)2 Pb(OH)2H2O Pb(C2H3O2)2 2Pb(OH)2 PbH4(AsO4)2 PbHAsO4 Pb(AsO3)2 Pb2As2O7 PbN6 PbBr2
325.29 379.33 505.44 608.54 584.52
wh. cr. wh., mn. wh., rhb. wh. wh. nd.
3.251 20° 4 2.55 1.689
280 −3H2O, 75 22
807.72
wh. nd.
489.07 347.13 453.04 676.24 291.24 367.01
tri., 1.82 wh., mn., 1.9097 hex. rhb., 2.03 col. nd. col., rhb.
4.46 5.94 6.4215° 15° 6.85 15
253.81 333.81 1120.66 192.22 55.85 55.85 55.85 55.85 55.85 179.55 195.90 125.70
15°
3000
102.5760mm
d. 140 d. >200
−H2O, 280
6.66
802 expl. 350 373
918
22150° 200100° s.
5.55
18.2
d. 0.05100° 4.75100°
0.0001120°
d. i. 3.34100° i. i. 18100° d.
i.
267.21
wh., rhb., 2.0763
6.6
d. 315
2PbCO3Pb(OH)2† PbCl2 PbCrO4 PbCrO4PbO Pb(HCO2)2 3PbOH2O Pb(NO3)2
775.63 278.11 323.19 546.39 297.23 687.61 331.21
6.14 5.80 6.12
d. 400 501 844
4.56 7.592 4.53
d. 190 −H2O, 130 d. 470
i. 0.6730° 0.00000720° i. 1.616° 0.014 38.80°
oxide, suboxide, mono- (litharge)
Pb2O PbO
430.40 223.20
wh., hex. wh., rhb., 2.2172 yel., mn., 2.42 or.-yel. nd. wh., rhb. cb. col., cb. or mn., 1.7815 bk., amor. yel., tet.
8.34 9.53
d. red heat 888
i. 0.006818°
oxide, mono (massicotite)
PbO
223.20
yel., rhb., 2.61
s. a. v. s. 87% al.; i. abs. al. et., chl. s. al., KI, et. i. abs. al., et., chl. sl. s. aq. reg., aq. Cl2 s. a.; i. alk. s. a.; i. alk. s. a.; i. alk. s. a.; i. alk. s. a.; i. alk. s. a. s. al., H2SO4, alk. s. HCl, H2SO4 i. aq. reg. i. dil. a. i. dil. a.
sl. s. al., bz. s. a. s. HNO3; i. c. HCl, H2SO4 s. gly.; v. sl. s. al. s. gly.; sl. s. al. sl. s. al. s. al.
d. i. d. i. i. 0.45540°
PbCO3
8.0
i.
19.70° 45.6415° s. v. s. v. s.
carbonate (cerussite) carbonate, basic (hydrocerussite; white lead) chloride (cotunnite) chromate (crocoite) chromate, basic formate hydroxide nitrate
954760mm d.
i. i. i. i. i. i. i.
Other reagents
sl. s.
138.8100°
s. al. s. HNO3 s. HNO3, NaOH s. HNO3 s. HCl, HNO3; i. sc. v. s. ac.; i. NH4OH s. a., KBr.; sl. s. NH3; i. al. s. a., alk.; i. NH3, al. s. ac.; sl. s. aq. CO2 sl. s. dil. HCl, NH3, i. al. s. a., alk.; i. NH3, ac. s. a., alk. i. al. s. a., alk. 8.822° al. s. a., alk. s. alk., PbAc, NH4Cl, CaCl2
oxide, mono-
PbO
223.20
amor.
9.2 to 9.5
oxide, red (minium) oxide, sesquioxide, di- (plattnerite) silicate sulfate (anglesite)
Pb3O4 Pb2O3 PbO2 PbSiO3 PbSO4
685.60 462.40 239.20 283.28 303.26
9.1
Pb(HSO4)2 H2O PbSO4PbO PbS Pb(CNS)2 Li LiC7H5O2 LiBr
419.36 526.46 239.27 323.36 6.94 128.05 86.85
LiBr2H2O Li2CO3 LiCl
122.88 73.89 42.39
citrate fluoride formate hydride hydroxide hydroxide nitrate nitrate oxide phosphate, monobasic phosphate, tribasic phosphate, tribasic salicylate sulfate sulfate sulfate, acid Lutecium Magnesium acetate acetate aluminate (spinel)
Li3C6H5O74H2O LiF LiHCO2H2O LiH LiOH LiOHH2O LiNO3 LiNO33H2O Li2O LiH2PO4 Li3PO4 Li3PO412H2O LiC7H5O3 Li2SO4 Li2SO4H2O† LiHSO4 Lu Mg Mg(C2H3O2)2 Mg(C2H3O2)24H2O† MgO·Al2O3
281.98 25.94 69.97 7.95 23.95 41.96 68.95 122.99 29.88 103.93 115.79 331.98 144.05 109.94 127.96 104.01 174.97 24.31 142.39 214.45 142.26
red, amor. red-yel., amor. brn., tet., 2.229 col., mn., 1.961 wh., mn. or rhb., 1.8823 cr. col., mn. lead gray, cb., 3.912 col., mn. silv. met. cb. wh. leaflets wh., delq., cb., 1.784 wh. pr. col., mn., 1.567 wh., delq., cb., 1.662 wh. cr. wh., cb., 1.3915 col., rhb. wh., cb. wh. cr. col., mn. col., trig., 1.735 col. col., 1.644 col. wh., rhb. wh., trig. col. col., mn., 1.465 col., mn., 1.477 pr.
2.22 2.06 2.12313°
>100 837 100 d. 860 −H2O, 130 170.5
silv. met., hex. wh. wh., mn. pr., 1.491 col. cb., 1.718–23
1.7420° 1.42 1.454 3.6
651 323 80 2135
ammonium chloride ammonium phosphate (struvite) ammonium sulfate (boussingaultite) benzoate carbonate (magnesite) carbonate (nesquehonite) carbonate, basic (hydromagnesite) Magnesium chloride (chloromagnesite) chloride (bischofite) hydroxide (brucite) nitride oxide (magnesia; periclase) perchlorate
MgCl2NH4Cl6H2O MgNH4PO46H2O
256.79 245.41
wh., rhb., delq. col., rhb., 1.496
1.456 1.715
−4H2O, 195 d. 100
MgSO4(NH4)2SO4 6H2O Mg(C7H5O2)23H2O MgCO3 MgCO33H2O 3MgCO3Mg(OH)23H2O
360.60
col., mn.
1.72
>120
16.86
130
320.58 84.31 138.36 365.31
wh. pd. wh., trig. 1.700 col., rhb., 1.501 wh., rhb., 1.530
4.525° (anh.) 0.0106 0.151819° 0.04
s.
3.037 1.852 2.16
−3H2O, 110 d. 350 −H2O, 100 d.
d. 0.011
s. act. s. a., aq. CO2; i. act., NH3 s. a., aq. CO2 s. a., NH4 salts; i. al.
95.21
col., hex., 1.675
2.32525°
712
1412
52.80°
73100°
50 al.
wh., delq., mn., 1.507 wh., trig., 1.5617 gn.-yel., amor. col., cb., 1.7364 wh., delq.
1.56 2.4
118 d. d. d. 2800 d.
d.
2810° 0.000918° i. 0.00062 99.625°
918100°
50 al. s. NH4 salts, dil. a. s. a.; i. al. s. a., NH4 salts; i. al. 2425 al., 51.825° m. al.; 0.29 et.
sulfate, acid sulfate, basic (lanarkite) sulfide (galena) thiocyanate Lithium benzoate bromide bromide carbonate chloride
2-17
*See also a table of alloys. †Usual commercial form.
MgCl2 MgCl26H2O† Mg(OH)2 Mg3N2 MgO Mg(ClO4)2†
203.30 58.32 100.93 40.30 223.21
i.
i.
d. 500 d. 360 d. 290 766
i. i. i. i.
i. i. i.
1336 5
3.464 25° 4
547
1265
0.00280° 0.000118° 0.004418° 0.0000918° 0.0520° d. 3325° 1430° (2H2O)
0.005640°
6.92 7.5 3.82 0.5320°
1170 d. 977 1120 d. 190 186
2.110° 2.068 25° 4
44 618 614
d. 1360
24620° 1.540° 670°
9.375 6.49 6.2
2.29521.5° 1.46 0.820 2.54 1.83 2.38 2.013 25° 4
2.461 2.53717.5° 1.645
3.65 2.6025°
d. 870 −H2O, 94 680 445 261 29.88
1670 925 d. subl. 230
MnSO4 MnSO4H2O
151.00 169.02
red-wh. pa. pink, mn., 1.595
3.235 2.87
sulfate (ous)
MnSO42H2O
187.03
2.52615°
sulfate (ous)
MnSO43H2O
205.05
2.35615°
sulfate (ous)
MnSO44H2O*
223.06
sulfate (ous)
MnSO45H2O
sulfate (ous)
MnSO46H2O
259.09
sulfate (ous)
MnSO47H2O
277.11
pink, mn. or rhb.
2.092
sulfate (ic)
Mn2(SO4)3
398.06
gn., delq. cr.
3.24
700 Stable 57 to 117 Stable 40 to 57 Stable 30 to 40 Stable 18 to 30 Stable 8 to 18 Stable −5 to +8 Stable −10 to −5; 19 d. d. 160
Mercuric acetate bromide carbonate, basic chloride (corrosive sublimate) fulminate hydroxide oxide (montroydite) oxychloride (kleinite) silicofluoride, basic sulfate sulfate, basic (turpeth) Mercurous acetate bromide carbonate
Hg(C2H3O2)2 HgBr2 HgCO32HgO HgCl2 Hg(CNO)2 Hg(OH)2 HgO HgCl23HgO HgSiF6HgO3H2O HgSO4 HgSO42HgO HgC2H3O2 HgBr Hg2CO3
241.08
318.68 360.40 693.78 271.50 284.62 234.60 216.59 921.26 613.30 296.65 729.83 259.63 280.49 461.19
pa. pink, mn. rose, trig., 1.817
pink, rhb. or mn., 1.518 pink, tri., 1.508
wh. pl. wh., rhb. brn.-red wh., rhb., 1.859 cb. yel. or red, rhb., 2.5 yel., hex. yel. nd. wh., rhb. yel., tet. wh. sc. wh., tet. yel. pd.
2.107 2.103
15°
d. 237
5.44 4.42
277 expl. −H2O, 175 d. 100 d. 260
6.47 6.44 7.307
d. d. subl. 345 d. 130
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
Hot water
Other reagents
i. i. i. 64.519° d. 19.260° 64.817.5° s. 26.90° 72.40° d. s. s. 0.006525°
i. i. sl. s. d. 81.775° s. s. 68.3100° 17840°
63.40° 1518°
123.8100° ∞
s. al., m. al. s. aq. CO2, dil. a.; l. NH3, al. s. al.; i. et., NH3 s. al.; i. et.
129.5
s. 0.00220° i. 4260° i. i. i.
s. i. i. ∞ i. i. i.
s. al., et. s. a., NH4 salts; i. alk. s. h. H2SO4 v. s. al. s. a., NH4Cl s. a.; i. act. s. HCl; i. HNO3, act.
d. 850
530° 98.4748°
7350° 79.77100°
s. al.; i. et.
85.2735°
106.855°
74.225°
99.3157°
13616°
16950°
1900
d.
3.270 6.053
11.14 7.93
Boiling point, °C
1190 −H2O, 106; −4H2O, 200
−4H2O, 450
−7H2O, 280
142
5°
200
204
0°
2479° 25114°
v. s.
d.
304
25 0.520° i. 3.60° sl. s. i. 0.005225° i. d. d. 0.005 0.7513° 7 × 10−9 i.
d. HF s. al. s. al. s. dil. a.
i. al.
35°
1760°
10°
322
s. 64.550°
s. a. s. a.; i. alk. s. a.; i. al. d. al.
100°
100 25100°
61.3100° i. 0.041100° d. 0.167100° d. i. d.
s. HCl, dil. H2SO4; l. conc. H2SO4, HNO3 s. al. sl. d. 25.20° al.; v. sl. s. et. s. aq. CO2, NH4Cl 3325° 99% al.; 33 et. s. NH4OH, al. s. a. s. a.; i. al. s. HCl s. a. s. a.; i. al., act., NH8 s. a.; i. al. s. H2SO4, HNO3; i. al. s. a.; i. al., act. s. NH4Cl
HgCl
236.04
wh., tet., 1.9733
7.150
302
383.7
0.00140°
0.000743°
iodide nitrate Mercurous oxide
HgI HgNO3H2O Hg2O
327.49 280.61 417.18
yel., tet. wh. mn. bk.
7.70 4.7853.9° 9.8
290 d. 70 d. 100
subl. 140; 310d. expl.
2 × 10−8 v. s. i.
v. sl. s. d. 0.0007
sulfate Mercury† Molybdenum
Hg2SO4 Hg Mo
497.24 200.59 95.94
wh., mn. silv. lq. or hex.(?) gray, cb.
7.56 13.54620° 10.2
d. −38.87 2620 10
0.05516.5° i. i.
0.092100° i. i.
MoCl2
166.85
yel., amor.
3.714 25° 4
d.
i.
i.
3.578 25° 4
chloride (calomel)
chloride, dichloride, tri-
MoCl3
202.30
dark red pd.
chloride, tetra-
MoCl4
237.75
brn., delq.
chloride, penta-
MoCl5
273.21
bk. cr.
oxide, tri- (molybdite) sulfide, di- (molybdenite) sulfide, trisulfide, tetraMolybdic acid Molybdic acid Neodymium Neon
MoO3 MoS2 MoS3 MoS4 H2MoO4 H2MoO4H2O Nd Ne 239
143.94 160.07 192.14 224.20 161.95 161.95 144.24 20.18
Np Ni
239.05 58.69 176.78 291.18 394.99
carbonyl chloride chloride
Ni(C2H3O2)2 NiCl2NH4Cl6H2O NiSO4(NH4)2SO4 6H2O Ni(BrO3)26H2O NiBr2 NiBr23H2O NiBr26NH3 NiPtBr66H2O NiCO3 2NiCO33Ni(OH)2 4H2O Ni(CO)4 NiCl2 NiCl26H2O*
chloride, ammonia cyanide dimethylglyoxime
NiCl26NH3 Ni(CN)24H2O NiC8H14O4N4
231.78 182.79 288.91
formate hydroxide (ic) hydroxide (ous) nitrate nitrate, ammonia oxide, mono- (bunsenite) potassium cyanide sulfate
Ni(HCO2)22H2O Ni(OH)3 Ni(OH)2dH2O Ni(NO3)26H2O Ni(NO3)24NH32H2O NiO Ni(CN)22KCNH2O NiSO4
184.76 109.72 97.21 290.79 286.86 74.69 258.97 154.76
Neptunium Nickel acetate ammonium chloride ammonium sulfate bromate bromide bromide bromide, ammonia bromoplatinate carbonate carbonate, basic
2-19
*Usual commercial form. †See also Tables 2-28 and 2-280.
422.59 218.50 272.55 320.68 841.29 118.70 587.59 170.73 129.60 237.69
col., rhb. bk., hex., 4.7 red-brn. brn. pd. yel-wh., hex. yel., mn. yellowish col. gas
2.928 25° 4 19.5°
4.50 4.80114°
3.12415° 6.920° lq. 1.204−245.9° 0.674 (A)
d.
s. dil. HNO3; sl. s. H2SO4, HCl; i. NH3 i. al.
194
268
s.
795 1185 d. d. d. 115 −H2O, 70 840 −248.67
subl.
−2H2O, 200 −245.9
d. 18°
0.107 i. sl. s. i. v. sl. s. 0.13318° d. 2.60° cc
Produced by Neutron bombardment of U 1452 2900 i. d.
2.575 4.64 28° 4
2.154
i.
d.
1.798 1.645 1.923
gn. pl. scarlet red cr.
s. lq. O2, al., act., bz.
s.
gn. pr. gn., delq., mn. blue-gn., mn., 1.5007 gn., cb. yel., delq. gn., delq. vl. pd. trig. lt. gn., rhb. lt. gn.
1.3117° 3.544
1.145° cc
d.
d.
8.9020
lq. yel., delq. gn., delq., mn., 1.57
2.10679° i. s. i. sl. s. 2.1370°
i.
volt.
silv. met., cb.
1.837 3.715
356.9 3700
s. aq. reg., Hg(NO3)2; sl. s. HNO3, HCl; i. al., etc. s. KI; i. al. s. HNO3; i. al., et. s. h. ac.; i. alk., dil. HCl, NH3 s. H2SO4, HNO3 s. HNO3; i. HCl s. h. conc. H2SO4; i. HCl, HF, NH3, dil. H2SO4, Hg s. HCl, H2SO4, NH4OH, al., et. s. HNO3, H2SO4; v. sl. s. al., et. s. HNO3, H2SO4; sl. s. al., et. s. HNO3, H2SO4; i. abs. al., et. s. a., NH4OH s. H2SO4, aq. reg. s. alk. sulfides s. alk. sulfides; i. NH3 s. NH4OH, H2SO4; i. NH s. a., NH4OH, NH4, salts
238
16.6 15025° 2.53.5°
v. s. 39.288°
v. sl. s. (NH4)2SO4
d. d. −3H2O, 200
28 112.80° 1999° v. s.
156100° 316100° d.
s. NH4OH s. al., et., NH4OH s. al., et., NH4OH i. c. NH4OH
d. d.
0.009325° i.
i. d.
s. a. s. a., NH4 salts
0.0189.8° 53.80° 180
i. 87.6100° v. s.
s. aq. reg., HNO3, al., et. s. NH4OH, al.; i. NH3 v. s. al.
s. i. i.
d. i. i.
s. NH4OH; i. al. s. KCN; i. dil. KCl s. abs. al., a.; i. ac., NH4OH
i. v. sl. s. ∞56.7°
s. a., NH4OH, NH4Cl s. a., NH4OH; i. alk. s. NH4OH; i. abs. al. i. al. s. a., NH4OH d. a. i. al., et., act.
−25 subl.
43751mm 973
−4H2O, 200 subl. 250
d.
gn. cr. bk. lt. gn. gn., mn.
4.36 2.05
d. d. d. 56.7
gn.-bk., cb., 2.37 red yel., mn. yel., cb.
7.45 1.87511° 3.68
Forms Ni2O3 at 400 −H2O, 100 −SO3, 840
136.7
s. i. v. sl. s. 243.00° v. s. i. s. 27.20°
i. 76.7100°
2-20
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
Name
Formula
Formula weight
Color, crystalline form and refractive index gn. mn. or blue, tet., 1.5109 gn., rhb., 1.4893 col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col., rhb. col. gas or cb. cr.
Nickel (Cont.) sulfate
NiSO46H2O*
262.85
sulfate (morenosite) Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitro acid sulfite Nitrogen
NiSO47H2O HNO3 HNO3H2O HNO33H2O NO2HSO3 N2
280.86 63.01 81.03 117.06 127.08 28.01
Nitrogen oxide, mono- (ous)
N2O
44.01 30.01 60.01 76.01
oxide, di- (ic)
NO or (NO)2
oxide, tri-
N2O3
oxide, tetra- (per- or di-)
NO2 or (NO2)2
col. gas col. gas
N2O5
46.01 92.01 108.01
red-brn. gas or blue lq. or solid yel. lq., col. solid, red-brn. gas wh., rhb.
oxybromide oxychloride
NOBr NOCl
109.91 65.46
brn. lq. red-yel. lq. or gas
Nitroxyl chloride Osmium chloride, dichloride, trichloride, tetraOxygen
NO2Cl Os OsCl2 OsCl3 OsCl4 O2
81.46 190.23 261.14 296.59 332.04 32.00
yel.-brn. gas blue, hex. gn., delq. brn., cb. red-yel. nd. col. gas or hex. solid
Ozone
O3
48.00
Palladium
Pd
106.42
silv. met., cb.
PdBr2 PdCl2 PdCl22H2O Pd(CN)2
266.23 177.33 213.36 158.45
brn. brn., cb. brn. pr. yel.
213.85 211.39 100.46 118.47 136.49
met. red or yel., tet. unstable, col. lq fairly stable nd. stable lq., col.
Periodic acid Periodic acid Permanganic acid Permolybdic acid Persulfuric acid Phosphamic acid Phosphatomolybdic acid Phosphine
Pd2H Pd(NH3)2Cl2 HClO4 HClO4H2O HClO42H2O* 73.6% anh. HIO4 HIO42H2O HMnO4 HMoO42H2O H2S2O8 PONH2(OH)2 H7P(Mo2O7)628H2O PH3
Phosphonium chloride
PH4Cl
oxide, penta-
bromide (ous) chloride chloride cyanide hydride Palladous dichlorodiammine Perchloric acid Perchloric acid Perchloric acid
191.91 227.94 119.94 196.98 194.14 97.01 2365.71 34.00 70.46
col. gas
wh. cr. delq., mn. exists only in solution wh. cr. hyg. cr. cb. yel. cb. col. gas wh., cb.
Specific gravity 2.07 1.948 1.502
Melting point, °C
1.63
18°
>1.0 1.417−12° 2.31 (A) lq. 1.3214° 22.4820°
−6H2O, 280
13150°
98–100 −42 −38 −18.5 73 d. −209.86
−6H2O, 103 86
0°
1.14 1.426−252.5° 1.1053 (A) 1.71−183° 3.03−80° 1.658 (A) 12.020° 111550°
30°
−195.8 −90.7
130.520° cc
60.8224° cc 0.0100°
−151
7.34 cc
3.5
s.
−9.3
21.3
d.
30
47
s.
−55.5 −64.5
−2 −5.5
d. d.
5300
0°
1.5520° cc
Other reagents v. s. NH4OH, al. s. al. expl. with al. d. al. d. al. s. H2SO4 sl. s. al. s. H2SO4, al. 26.6 cc al.; 3.5 cc H2SO4; s. aq. FeSO4 s. a., et. s. HNO3, H2SO4, chl., CS2
Forms HNO3 s. fuming H2SO4
−218.4
−183
d i. s. d. sl. s. s. d. 4.890° cc
−251
−112
0.4940° cc
060° cc
s. oil turp., oil cinn.
1555
2200
i.
i.
i. s. s. i.
i. s. s. i.
s. aq. reg., h. H2SO4; i. NH3 s. HBr s. HCl, act., al. s. HCl, act., al. s. HCN, KCN, NH4OH; i. dil. a.
d.
lq. 0.746−90° 1.146 (A)
280100° 117.8 ∞ ∞ ∞
500 d.
11.06 2.5 1.768 22° 4 1.88 25° 1.71 4
Hot water
63.5 ∞ ∞ 263−20° d. 2.350° cc
d. 560–600 −188°
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
tr. 53.3
1.026−252.5° 0.808−195.8° 12.50° (D) lq. 1.226−89° −102.3 1.530 (A) −150.2° lq. 1.269 −161 1.0367 (A) 1.4472° −102 1.44820°
Boiling point, °C
i.
2.630° cc 1.7100° cc
sl. s. aq. reg., HNO3; i. NH3 s. NaCl, al., et. s. a., alk., al.; sl. s. et. s. HCl, al. sl. s. al., s. fused Ag
d. −112 50 −17.8
1618mm d. 200
d. 138 d. 110
subl. 110
s. s. s. v. s.
1950 2450 >1300 1200 58 26 50 220
s. KOH sl. s. al.; i. et. 0.130° al.; i. et. v. s. NH3; sl. s. al.
s. al., et. 0.10520° m. al.; i. et. s. H2SO4; d. al. i. al. i. al. sl. s. al. i. al. s. a. i. al. s. al., et. i. al. i. al. i. al., act., CS2 s. al., gly.; i. et. sl. s. al.; i. NH3 i. abs. al. sl. s. al. s. a., alk.; i. al., ac. 20.822° act.; s. al. i. al.
d. d. +H2 7020° 510° cc
s. 8.560° cc
3440 12.5
Other reagents
d. a. s. al. i. HF, HCl; s. H2SO4; HNO3 sl. s. aq. reg., a. v. sl. s. alk.; i. aq. reg., a. s. HCl, al.; i. et. s. a., al.
i. i.
700
i. i. v. s. d.
>2700
i. i.
i. i.
sl. s. aq. reg., a.
2400 260 205 688 688
130030° v. s. i. i.
∞60°
s. H2SO4; d. al.; i. NH3
i. i.
s. CS2, H2SO4, CH2I2 s. CS2, H2SO4
Selenium Selenous acid Silicic acid, metaSilicic acid, orthoSilicon, crystalline
Se8 H2SeO3 H2SiO3 H4SiO4 Si
631.68 128.97 78.10 96.11 28.09
steel gray hex. amor., 1.41 amor. gray, cb., 3.736
4.825° 3.004 15° 4 2.1–2.3 17° 1.576 2.420°
cr. brn., amor. blue-bk., trig., 2.654 lf. or lq. col., fuming lq., 1.412 gas col. gas iridescent, amor. col., cb. or tet., 1.487
217 d.
688
2600
i. 900° i. sl. s. i.
i. 40090° i. sl. s. i.
1420
2.0–2.5
2600
i.
i.
2 3.17 1.580° 1.50
>2700 −1 −70
2600 subl. 2200 144760mm 57.6
i. i. d. d.
i. i.
3.57 (A) lq. 0.68−185° 2.2 2.32
−95.7 −185 1600–1750 1710
−651810mm −112760mm subl. 1750 2230
v. s. d. i. i. i.
Silicon, graphitic
Si
Silicon, amorphous carbide chloride, trichloride, tetra-
Si SiC Si2Cl6 SiCl4
28.09 40.10 268.89 169.90
SiF4 SiH4 SiO2xH2O SiO2
104.08 32.12
SiO2 SiO2 SiO2 Ag AgBr
60.08 60.08 60.08 107.87 187.77
hex., 1.5442 trig., rhb., 1.469 silv. met., cb. pa. yel., cb., 2.252
2.20 2.65020° 2.26 10.520° 6.473 25° 4
tr. 315 d. 741
d., −H2O
75
−10H2O, 200
17.5°
2-23
bromate bromide bromide
NaBrO3 NaBr NaBr2H2O
150.89 102.89 138.92
col., cb. col., cb., 1.6412 col., mn.
3.339 3.20517.5° 2.176
381 755 50.7
carbonate (soda ash) carbonate
Na2CO3 Na2CO3H2O
105.99 124.00
2.533 1.55
851 −H2O, 100
carbonate carbonate (sal soda)
Na2CO37H2O Na2CO310H2O
232.10 286.14
wh. pd., 1.535 wh., rhb., 1.506– 1.509 rhb. or trig. wh., mn., 1.425
1.51 1.46
d. 35.1
*Usual commercial form.
−3H2O, 120
−7H2O, 100 −12H2O, 100
0.00002220° 1220° d., forms NaOH 46.520° v. s. s. d. 16.7 0.03112.8° 26.717° s. 6115° 5.590.1° v. s. 62.525° 6.90° 3.720° 500° sl. s. 1.30° 2262° (anh.)
i. i.
i. 0.00037100°
952100° 170100° v. s. v. s. 100
s. HF; i. alk. s. HF; i. alk. s. HF; i. alk. s. HNO3, h. H2SO4; i. alk. 0.5118° NH4OH; s. KCN, Na2S2O3 s. NH4OH, Na2S2O3; i. al. s. NH4OH, KCN; sl. s. HCl s. NH4OH, KCN, HNO3 s. gly.; v. sl. s. al. i. bz.; d. al. 2.118° al. 7.825° abs. al. i. al. d. al. i. al. sl. s. al., NH4 salts; i. ac. 1.67 al., 5015° gly. sl. s. al. sl. s. al. 2.325°, 8.378° al. i. al.
1390
27.5 9020° 79.50° (anh.)
d.
7.10° s. s. 21.50°
s. 23830°
0°
s. HNO3, al., et. i. al., et.; d. KOH s. HF, h. alk., fused CaCl2 s. HF; i. alk.
v. s. 140.730° 76.9100° 16.460° s. 100100° s. 8.7940° 52.3100° (anh.) 20.380° (anh.) 90.9100° 121100° 118.380° (anh.) 48.5104° s.
1.30.5 (anh).
i. CS2; s. H2SO4 v. s. al.; i. NH3 s. alk.; i. NH4Cl s. alk.; i. NH4Cl s. HNO3 + HF, Ag; sl. s. Pb, Zn; i. HF s. HNO3 + HF, fused alk.; i. HF. s. HF, KOH s. fused alk.; i. a. d. alk. d. conc. H2SO4, al.
d. al.; i. NH3 i. al., act. i. al. s. gly.; i. abs. al. i. al. sl. s. al. sl. s. al. i. al., et. s. gly.; i. al., et. i. al.
2-24
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
TABLE 2-1
Name Sodium ammonium phosphate (Cont.) carbonate, sesqui- (trona) chlorate
Formula
Na3H(CO3)22H2O NaClO3
Formula weight
226.03 106.44
Color, crystalline form and refractive index
chloride chromate chromate citrate cyanide dichromate
NaCl Na2CrO4 Na2CrO410H2O 2Na3C6H5O711H2O NaCN Na2Cr2O72H2O
58.44 161.97 342.13 714.31 49.01 298.00
wh., mn., 1.5073 wh., cb., or trig., 1.5151 col., cb., 1.5443 yel., rhb. yel., delq., mn. wh., rhb. wh., cb., 1.452 red, mn., 1.6994
ferricyanide ferrocyanide
Na3Fe(CN)6H2O Na4Fe(CN)610H2O
298.93 484.06
red, delq. yel., mn.
fluoride (villiaumite) formate hydride
NaF NaHCO2 NaH
hydrosulfide hydrosulfide hydrosulfite hydroxide hydroxide hypochlorite iodide iodide lactate nitrate (soda niter) nitrite
NaSH2H2O NaSH3H2O Na2S2O42H2O NaOH NaOH3aH2O NaOCl NaI* NaI2H2O NaC3H5O3 NaNO3 NaNO2
oxide
Na2O
perborate perchlorate perchlorate peroxide peroxide phosphate, monobasic phosphate, monobasic phosphate, dibasic phosphate, dibasic phosphate, tribasic phosphate, tribasic phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, pyrophosphate (pyrodisodium) phosphate (pyrodisodium) potassium tartrate silicate, metaSodium silicate, metasilicate, orthosilicofluoride stannate sulfate (thenardite) sulfate
NaBO3H2O NaClO4 NaClO4H2O Na2O2* Na2O28H2O NaH2PO4H2O* NaH2PO42H2O Na2HPO47H2O Na2HPO412H2O Na3PO4 Na3PO412H2O* Na4P4O12 Na4P2O7* Na4P2O710H2O Na2H2P2O7 Na2H2P2O76H2O NaKC4H4O64H2O Na2SiO3 Na2SiO39H2O Na4SiO4 Na2SiF6 Na2SnO33H2O Na2SO4 Na2SO4
41.99 68.01 24.00 92.09 110.11 210.14 40.00 103.05 74.44 149.89 185.92 112.06 84.99 69.00 61.98 99.81 122.44 140.46 77.98 222.10 137.99 156.01 268.07 358.14 163.94 380.12 407.85 265.90 446.06 221.94 330.03 282.22 122.06 284.20 184.04 188.06 266.73 142.04 142.04
tet., 1.3258 wh., mn. silv. nd., 1.470 col., delq., nd. rhb. col. cr. wh., delq. mn. pa. yel., in soln. only col., cb., 1.7745 col., mn. col., amor. col., trig., 1.5874 pa. yel., rhb. wh., delq. wh. pd. rhb., 1.4617 hex. yel.-wh. pd. wh., hex. col., rhb., 1.4852 col., rhb., 1.4629 col., mn., 1.4424 col., mn., 1.4361 wh. wh., trig., 1.4458 col. wh. mn., 1.4525 col., mn., 1.510 col., mn., 1.4645 rhb., 1.493 col., rhb., 1.520 rhb. col., hex., 1.530 wh., hex., 1.312 hex. tablets col., rhb., 1.477 col., mn.
Specific gravity
2.112 2.49015° 2.163 2.723 1.483 1.857 23.5° 4 18°
2.52
Melting point, °C
d. 248 800.4 392 19.9 −11H2O, 150 563.7 −2H2O, 84.6; 356 (anh.)
Boiling point, °C
d. 1413 d. 1496 d. 400
1.458 992 253 d. 800
2.130
d. 22 d. 318.4 15.5 d. 651
1300
2.257 2.1680°
d. 308 271
d. 380 d. 320
2.27
subl.
2.02 2.805 2.040 1.91 1.679 1.52 2.53717.5° 1.62 2.476 2.45 1.82 1.862 1.848 1.790
2.679 2.698
d. 40 482 d. d. 130 d. d. 30 −H2O, 100 60 d. 34.6 1340 73.4 616 d. 988 d. d. 220 70 to 80 1088 47 1018 d. d. 140 tr. 100 to mn. tr. 500 to hex.
130° 790°
d. 1390
d. 200 −12H2O, 180 −11H2O, 100
−4H2O, 215 −6H2O, 100
Hot water
42100° 230100° 0°
100°
35.7 320° v. s. 9125° 4810° 2380°
39.8 126100° ∞ 250100° 8235° 50880°
18.90° 17.920° (anh.)
67100° 6398.5° (anh.) 5100° 160100°
40° 440° d.
2.79 1.919 0.92
3.6670° 2.448
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
s. s. 2220° 420° s. 260° 158.70° v. s. v. s. 730° 72.10°
s. s. d. 347100° v. s. 15856° 302100° v. s. v. s. 180100° 163.2100°
Forms NaOH sl. s. 1700° 20915° s. d. s. d. 710° 91.10° 18540° 4.30° 4.50° 28.315° s. 2.260° 5.40° 4.50° 6.90° 260° s. v. s. s. 0.440° 500° 50° 48.840°
d. 320100° 28450° d. d. 39083° 30840° 2000100° 76.730° 77100° ∞ s. 4596° 93100° 2140° 3640° 6626° s. d. v. s. s. 2.45100° 6750° 42100° 42.5100°
Other reagents
s. al. sl. s. al.; i. conc. HCl sl. s. al. i. al. s. NH3; sl. s. al. i. al. i. al. v. sl. s. al. sl. s. al.; i. et. i. bz., CS2, CCl4, NH3; s. molten metal s. al.; d. a. s. al.; d. a. i. al. v. s. al., et., gly.; i. act. v. s. al., act. v. s. NH3 s. al.; i. et. s. NH3; sl. s. gly., al. 0.320° et.; 0.3 abs. al.; 4.420° m. al.; v. s. NH3 d. al. s. gly., alk. s. al.; 51 m. al.; 52 act.; i. et. s. al. s. dil. a. i. al. i. al. i. CS2 s. a., alk. d. a. i. al., NH3 sl. s. al. i. Na or K salts, al. 2918°, aN NaOH i. al. i. al., act. i. al. d. HI; s. H2SO4
sulfate sulfate sulfate (Glauber’s salt) sulfide, monosulfide, tetrasulfide, pentasulfite sulfite tartrate thiocyanate thiosulfate thiosulfate (hypo) tungstate tungstate tungstate, parauranate vanadate vanadate, pyroStannic chloride
Na2SO4 Na2SO47H2O Na2SO410H2O Na2S Na2S4 Na2S5 Na2SO3 Na2SO37H2O Na2C4H4O62H2O NaCNS Na2S2O3 Na2S2O35H2O* Na2WO4 Na2WO42H2O* Na6W7O2416H2O Na2UO4 Na3VO416H2O Na4V2O7 SnCl4
142.04 268.15 322.19 78.04 174.24 206.30 126.04 252.15 230.08 81.07 158.11 248.18 293.82 329.85 2097.05 348.01 472.15 305.84 260.52
col., hex. tet. col., mn., 1.396 pink or wh., amor. yel., cb. yel. hex. pr., 1.565 mn. rhb. delq., rhb., 1.625 mn. mn. pr., 1.5079 wh., rhb. wh., rhb. wh., tri. yel. col. nd. hex. col., fuming lq.
884 1.464 1.856 2.633 15° 4 1.561 1.818
2.226
866 (anh.) 654 −30.2
7.0
1127
5.1217°
215.5 246.8 37.7 −SO2, 360 800
sulfate
Sn(SO4)22H2O
346.87
col., delq., hex.
SnBr2 SnCl2 SnCl22H2O* SnSO4 Sr
278.52 189.62 225.65 214.77 87.62
yel., rhb. wh., rhb. wh., tri. wh. cr. silv. met.
2.7115.5°
acetate carbonate (strontianite) chloride chloride hydroxide hydroxide
Sr(C2H3O2)2 SrCO3 SrCl2 SrCl26H2O* Sr(OH)2 Sr(OH)28H2O*
205.71 147.63 158.53 266.62 121.63 265.76
wh. cr. wh., rhb., 1.664 wh., cb., 1.6499 wh., rhb., 1.5364 wh., delq. col., tet., 1.499
2.099 3.70 3.052 1.93317° 3.625 1.90
nitrate nitrate oxide (strontia)
Sr(NO3)2* Sr(NO3)24H2O SrO
211.63 283.69 103.62
col., cb., 1.5878 wh., mn. col., cb., 1.870
2.986 2.2 4.7
SrO2 SrO28H2O SrSO4 Sr(HSO4)2 NH2SO3H S S8 S8 S2Br2 S2Cl2 SCl2 SCl4 SO2
119.62 263.74 183.68 281.76 97.09 32.07 256.52 256.52 223.94 135.04 102.97 173.88 64.06
wh. pd. wh. cr. col., rhb., 1.6237 col., granular wh., rhb. pa. yel. pd., 2.0–2.9 pa. yel., mn. pa. yel., rhb. red, fuming lq. red-yel. lq. dark red fuming lq. yel.-brn. lq. col. gas
oxide, tri-(α)
2-25
oxide, tri-(β) Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid *Usual commercial form.
SO3 (SO3)2 H2SO4* H2SO4H2O
80.06 160.13 98.08 116.09
col. pr. col., silky, nd. col., viscous lq. pr. or lq.
d.
d. 48.0 692 −2H2O, 100 −16H2O, 300
150.71
peroxide peroxide sulfate (celestite) sulfate, acid Sulfamic acid Sulfur, amorphous Sulfur, monoclinic Sulfur, rhombic Sulfur bromide, monochloride, monochloride, dichloride, tetraoxide, di-
275 251.8 d. −7H2O, 150
1.667 1.685 4.179 3.245 3.98714°
SnO2
Stannous bromide chloride chloride (tin salt) sulfate Strontium
−10H2O, 100
287
oxide (cassiterite)
wh., tet., 1.9968
32.4
2.6
3.96 2.03 12° 4 2.046 1.96 2.07 2.635 1.687 1.621 15° 15 lq., 1.4340°; 2.264 (A) lq., 1.923; 2.75 (A) 1.9720° 1.834 18° 4 1.842 15° 4
149760atm 873 −4H2O, 61 375 −7H2O in dry air 570
114.1
620 623 d. 1150 d. −CO2, 1350 −6H2O, 100
19.420° 44.90° 3615° 15.410° s. s. 13.90° 34.72° 296° 11010° 500° 74.70° 57.580° 880° 8 i. v. s. s. s.
45.360° 202.626° 41234° 57.390° s. s. 28.384° 67.818° 6643° 225100° 23180° 301.860° 97100° 123.5100° d. i. d.
i.
i.
v. s.
d.
s. 83.90° 118.70° 1919° d.
d. 269.815° ∞ 18100° Forms Sr(OH)2 36.497° 0.065100° 100.8100° 19840° 21.83100° 47.7100°
36.90° 0.001118° 43.50° 1040° 0.410° 0.900°
d. −8H2O, 100 1580 d. d. 205 d. 120 119.0 112.8 −46 −80 −78 −30 −75.5
444.6 444.6 444.6 540.18mm 138 59 d. > −20 −10.0
400° 62.20° Forms Sr(OH)2 0.00820° 0.01820° 0.01130° d. 200° i. i. i. d. d. d. d. 22.80°
16.83
44.6
d.
50 10.49 8.62
d. 340 290
Forms H2SO4 ∞ ∞
2430 d.
d.
i. al. sl. s. al.; i. et. s. al. s. al. i. al., NH i. al. i. al. v. s. al. s. NH3; v. sl. s. al. sl. s. NH3; i. a., al. s. alk. carb., dil. a. i. al. i. al. s. abs. al., act., NH3; s. ∞ CS2 s. conc. H2SO4; i. alk.; NH4OH, NH3 s. dil. H2SO4, HCl; d. abs. al. s. C6H5N s. alk., abs. al., et. s. tart. a., alk., al. s. H2SO4 s. al., a. 0.2615° m. al. s. a., NH4 salts, aq. CO2 v. sl. s. act., abs. al.; i. NH3 s. NH4Cl s. NH4Cl; i. act.
10089° 12420°
s. NH3; 0.012 abs. al. i. HNO3 sl. s. al.; i. et.
d. d. 0.011432°
s. al., NH4Cl; i. act. s. al.; i. NH4OH sl. s. a.; i. dil. H2SO4, al. 1470° H2SO4 sl. s. al., act.; i. et. sl. s. CS2 s. CS2, al. 240°, 18155° CS2
4070° i. i. i.
s. CS2, et., bz. d. al. 4.550°
s. H2SO4; al., ac. s. H2SO4
∞ ∞
s. H2SO4 d. al. d. al.
2-26
Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
TABLE 2-1
Name
Formula
Formula weight
Color, crystalline form and refractive index
Specific gravity
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts Cold water
Hot water
Other reagents
Sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid, pyroSulfuric oxychloride Sulfurous oxybromide oxychloride Tantalum
H2SO42H2O H2S2O7 SO2Cl2 SOBr2 SOCl2 Ta
134.11 178.14 134.97 207.87 118.97 180.95
col. lq. cr. col. lq. or.-yel. lq. col. lq. bk.-gray, cb.
1.650 40° 1.920° 1.667 20° 4 2.6818° 1.638 16.6
−38.9 35 −54.1 −50 −104.5 2850
167 d. 69.1760mm 6840mm 78.8 >4100
∞ d. d. d. d. i.
∞
Tellurium
Te
127.60
met., hex.
(α) 6.24; (β) 6.00
452
1390
i.
i.
Terbium Thallium acetate chloride, monochloride, sesquichloride, trichloride, trisulfate (ic) sulfate (ous) sulfate, acid Thio, cf. sulfo or sulfur Thorium
Tb Tl TlC2H3O2 TlCl Tl2Cl3 TlCl3 TlCl34H2O Tl2(SO4)37H2O Tl2SO4 TlHSO4
158.93 204.38 263.43 239.84 515.13 310.74 382.80 823.06 504.83 301.45
blue-wh., tet. silky nd. wh., cb. yel., hex. hex. pl. nd. lf. col., rhb., 1.8671 trimorphous
11.85 3.68 7.00 5.9
303.5 110 430 400–500 25 37 −6H2O, 200 632 115 d.
1650
i. v. s. 0.210° 0.2615° v. s. 86.217° d. 2.700°
i.
Th
232.04
cb.
11.2
1845
>3000
i.
i.
oxide, di- (thorianite) sulfate sulfate Thulium Tin
ThO2 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)29H2O Tm Sn
264.04 424.16 586.30 168.93 118.71
wh., cb.
>2800
4400
mn. pr.
9.69 4.22517° 2.77
silv. met., tet.
7.31
231.85
2260
i. 0.740° sl. s. i. i.
5.2250° sl. s. i. i.
Tin
Sn
118.71
gray, cb.
5.750
Stable −163 to +18
2260
i.
i.
Tin salts, cf. stannic and stannous Titanic acid
H2TiO3
97.88
wh. pd.
i.
i.
i. d.
d.
s. s. i.
s. d. i.
i.
i.
i.
i.
s. H2SO4, alk. s. h. conc. KOH; sl. s. NH3, HNO3, aq. reg. s. F2; i. a. s. h. HNO3; sl. s. HCl, H2SO4 s. alk.; i. a. s. HF, alk., NH3
Ti TiCl2
47.87 118.77
dark gray, cb. bk., delq.
chloride, trichloride, tetraoxide, di- (anatase)
TiCl3 TiCl4* TiO2
154.23 189.68 79.87
oxide, di- (brookite)
TiO2
79.87
oxide, di- (rutile)
TiO2
79.87
Titanium chloride, di-
6.77
4.50
17.5°
806 d. d. −4H2O, 100 d. d.
i.
100°
1.8 1.9100° d. d. 18.45100°
>3000
W
183.84
vl., delq. col. lq. brn. or bk., tet., 2.534–2.564 brn. or bk., rhb., 2.586 col. if pure, tet., 2.615 gray-bk., cb.
19.3
3370
5900
i.
i.
WC W2C
195.85 379.69
gray pd., cb. iron gray
15.718° 16.0618°
2777 2877
6000 6000
i. i.
i. i.
oxide, triTungstic acid (tungstite)
WO3 H2WO4
231.84 249.85
yel., rhb. yel., rhb. 2.24
7.16 5.5
i. i.
i. sl. s.
Uranic acid
H2UO4
304.04
yel. pd.
5.92615°
Uranium carbide oxide, di- (uraninite)
U U2C3 UO2
238.03 512.09 270.03
wh. cr. cr. bk., rhb.
18.485 13° 4 11.28 10.9
>2130 −aH2O, 100; 1473 −H2O, 250 to 300 1133 2400 2176
Tungsten carbide carbide
lq., 1.726 3.84
136.4
4.17 4.26
1640 d.
s. HNO3, H2SO4; i. NH3 v. s. al. sl. s. HCl; i. al., NH4OH s. al., et. s. al., et. s. dil. H2SO4 v. sl. s. dil. H2SO4
−9H2O, 400
1800 Unstable in air d. 440 −30
d. al. d. al. s. ac.; d. al. s. bz., CS2, CCl4; d. act. s. bz., chl. s. fused alk., HF; i. HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 s. H2SO4, HNO3, KCN, KOH, aq. reg.; i. CS2
1800 expl. 212 >420 1437
3.74 15° 4 3.28 15° 4 2.072 15° 4 1.96616.5° 4.087 4.102 25° 4
d. 740 d. 238 −5H2O, 70 tr. 39 1850150atm tr. 1020
4.04 6.4 5.49 5.73
−2aH2O, 100 1700 2700
18°
624 −6H2O, 105
1100
−7H2O, 280 subl. 1185
d. 200 >2900 4300
0.0005 0.0005218° 4300°
sl. s.
324.5 0.0004218° 0.0004218° 0.0022 i. i.
∞36.4°
420° s. s. 115.20° 0.0006918° i.
61100° 89.5100° s. 653.6100° i. i.
sl. s. al.; i. act.; NH3 sl. s. al.; i. act.; NH3 v. s. a.; i. ac. s. a.
i. 0.16 i. i. i.
i. d. i. i. i.
v. s. a.; i. ac. s. H2SO3, NH4OH; i. al. s. HF, aq. reg.; sl. s. a. s. H2SO4, HF s. H2SO4, HF
510100°
i. NH4OH; d. a. s. dil. a. sl. s. al.; s. gly.
2-28
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds* Abbreviations Used in the Table
(A), density referred to air al., ethyl alcohol amor., amorphous aq., aqua, water brn., brown bz., benzene c., cubic cc., cubic centimeter chl., chloroform col., colorless
cr., crystalline d., decomposes d-, dextrorotatory dl-, dextro-laevorotatory et., ethyl ether expl., explodes gn., green h., hot hex., hexagonal
i-, iso-, containing the group (CH3)2CHi., insoluble ign., ignites l-, laevorotatory lf., leaflets lq., liquid m-, meta mn., monoclinic n-, normal
nd., needles o-, ortho or., orange p-, para pd., powder pet., petroleum ether pl., plates pr., prisms rhb., rhombic s., soluble
Abietic acid Acenaphthene Acetal Acet-aldehyde -aldehyde, par-aldehyde ammonia -amide -anilide -phenetidide (o-) (m-) -toluidide (o-) (p-) Acetic acid anhydride nitrile Acetone Acetonyl urea Acetophenone benzoyl hydride Acetyl-chloride -phenylenediamine (-p) Acetylene dichloride (cis) (trans) Aconitic acid Acridine Acrolein ethylene aldehyde Acrylic acid nitrile Adipic acid amide nitrile Adrenaline (1-) (3,4,1) Alanine (α) (dl-) Aldol acetaldol Alizarin Allyl alcohol bromide chloride thiocyanate (i) thiourea Aluminum ethoxide Amino-anthraquinone (α) (β) -azobenzene -benzoic acid (m-) (p-)
Synonym sylvic acid, abietinic acid naphthylene ethylene acetaldehyde diethylacetal ethanal paraldehyde ethanamide antifebrin o-ethoxyacetanilide acetyl-m-phenetidine N-tolylacetamide N-tolylacetamide ethanoic acid, vinegar acid acetyl oxide, acetic oxide methyl cyanide propanone, dimethyl ketone dimethyl hydantoin methyl-phenyl ketone ethanoyl chloride amino-acetanilide (p) ethyne; ethine 1,2-dichloroethene dioform equisetic acid; citridic acid acrylic aldehyde, propenal propenoic acid vinyl cyanide hexandioc acid, adipinic acid tetramethylene 1-suprarenine 2-hydroxybutyraldehyde Anthraquinoic acid propen-1-ol-3,propenyl alcohol 3-bromo-propene-1 3-chloro-propene-1 mustard oil thiosinamide
aminodracylic acid
v. s., very soluble v. sl. s., very slightly soluble wh., white yel., yellow (+), right rotation >, greater than C6H4 CH2:CHCHO CH2:CHCO2H CH2:CHCN (CH2CH2CO2H)2 (CH2CH2CONH2)2 (CH2CH2CN)2 C6H3(OH)2(CHOHCH2NHCH3) CH3CH(NH2)CO2H CH3CH(OH)CH2COH C6H4(CO)2C6H2(OH)2 CH2:CHCH2OH CH2:CHCH2Br CH2:CHCH2Cl CH2:CHCH2NCS CH2:CHCH2NHCSNH2 Al(OCH2CH3)3 C6H4(CO)2C6H3NH2 C6H4(CO)2C6H3NH2 C6H5N:NC6H4NH2 H2NC6H4CO2H H2NC6H4CO2H
302.45 154.21 118.17 44.05 132.16 61.08 59.07 135.16 179.22 179.22 149.19 149.19 60.05 102.09 41.05 58.08 128.13 120.15 78.50 150.18 26.04 96.94 96.94 174.11 179.22 56.06 72.06 53.06 146.14 144.17 108.14 183.20 89.09 88.11 240.21 58.08 120.98 76.52 99.15 116.18 162.16 223.23 223.23 197.24 137.14 137.14
lf. rhb./al. lq. col. lq. col. cr. col. cr. col. cr. rhb./al. lf./al. lf./al. rhb. rhb. or mn. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. tri./al. lf. col. lq. nd./aq. col. gas col. lq. col. lq. cr./aq. rhb./aq. al. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. mn. pr. cr. pd. col. oil col. pd. nd./aq. col. lq. red rhb. col. lq. lq. col. lq. col. oil col. pr. pd. red nd. red nd. yel. mn. nd./aq. mn. pr.
Specific gravity 1.06995/95 0.82122/4 0.78318/4 0.99420/4 1.159 1.214 1.16815 1.21215 1.04920/4 1.08220/4 0.78320/4 0.79220/4 1.03315/15 1.10520/4 (A) 0.906 1.29115/4 1.26515/4 0.84120/4 1.06216/4 0.81120 1.36025/4 19/19
0.951
1.10320/4 0.85420/4 1.39820/4 0.93820/4 1.01320/4 1.21920/20 1.14220/0
1.5114°
Melting point, °C 182 95 −123.5 10.5–12 97 81(69.4) 113–4 79 96–7 110 153 16.7 −73 −41 −94.6 175 20.5 −112.0 162 −81.5891 −80.5 −50 192 d. 110–1 −87.7 12–13 −82 151–3 226–7 1 d. 207–11 295 d. 289–90 −129 −119.4 −136.4 −80 77–8 150–60 256 302 126–7 173–4 187–8
Boiling point, °C 278–9 102.2 20.2 124.4752 100–10 d. 222 305 >250 296 306–7 118.1 139.6 81.6–2.0 56.5 subl. 202.3749 51–2 −84760 60.3 48.4 346 52.5 141–2 78–9 26510 295 subl. >200 8320 430 96.6 70–1753 44.6 152 200–510 subl. subl. 225120
Solubility in 100 parts Water
Alcohol
Ether
i. i. 625 ∞ 1213 v. s. s. 0.56 i. sl. s. 0.8619 0.0922 ∞ 12 c. ∞ ∞ s. i. d. s. h. 100 cc.18 0.3520 0.6320 3315 sl. s. h. 40 ∞ s. 1.415 0.412 v. sl. s. 0.0320 2217 ∞ 0.03100 ∞ i. 175
pr. mn. pr. rhb./et. col. lq.
1.2315 1.26615/4 1.19915/4 1.00125/6
95 121.7 42 −12.9
col. lf. nd./aq. rhb. nd./aq. nd./aq. col./al.
1.02220/4
1.385 4 1.123 20/4 1.09815/15 1.096 20/4 1.089 55/55 0.990 22/4 1.25 27/4
1.18715/4 1.438 20/4
1.54315/4
1.20320/4 1.248 20/20 1.035 20/20 1.046 20/4 1.341 1.314 0.879 20/4
−135 −139 −124 22.5 143 −6.2
Boiling point, °C
Solubility in 100 parts Water
Alcohol
Ether
30–1 20.5 771 31–2758 36.4 37–8 235.3 185 184.4
i. i. i. v. sl. s. i. v. sl. s. i. 3.618
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ s. s. sl. s. ∞
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ s. ∞
245
s. s. sl. s. v. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ s. s. s. 1.520
i. sl. s. i. v. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ s. s. s.
198 d. 190 d. 73–4 184.2 2.5 5.2 100 d. 251.5 400740 348 d. 249.2 360 190.7
520 s. 2.320 s. s.
2-31
Benzoin (dl-) Benzophenone Benzotrichloride Benzoyl-benzoic acid (o-) -chloride -peroxide Benzyl acetate alcohol amine aniline benzoate butyrate chloride ether formate propionate Berberonic acid (2-,4-,5-) Biuret Borneol (dl-) (d- or l-) (iso-) Bornyl acetate (d-) Bromo-aniline (p-) -benzene -camphor (3-)(d-) -diphenyl (p-) -naphthalene (α-) (β-) -phenol (o-) (m-) (p-) -styrene (ω)(1) (2) -toluene (o-) (m-) (p-) Bromoform Butadiene (1-,2-) (1-,3-) Butadienyl acetylene Butane (i-) Butyl acetate (n-) (s-) (i-) (tert-) alcohol (n-) (s-) (i-) (tert-) amine (n-) (s-) (i-) (t-) p-aminophenol (N)(n) (N)(i-) aniline (n-) (i-) arsonic acid (n-) benzoate (n-) (i-) bromide (n-) (s-) (i-) (t-) butyrate (n-)(n-) (n-)(i-) (i-)(i-) caproate carbamate (i-) cellosolve (n-)
diphenyl ketone phenyl chloroform
phenyl carbinol ω-amino toluene phenyl-benzylamine ω-chlorotoluene dibenzyl ether
allophanamide
phenyl bromide α-bromocamphor α-naphthyl bromide β-naphthyl bromide
o-tolyl bromide tribromo-methane methyl-allene erythrene diethyl trimethyl-methane
butanol-1 butanol-2 2-methyl-propanol-1 2-methyl-propanol-2
1-bromo-butane 2-bromo-butane 1-Br-2-Me-propane 2-Br-2-Me-propane
2-BuO-ethanol-1
C6H5COCHOHC6H5 C6H5COC6H5 C6H5CCl3 C6H5COC6H4CO2HH2O C6H5COCl (C6H5CO)2O2 CH3CO2CH2C6H5 C6H5CH2OH C6H5CH2NH2 C6H5CH2NHC6H5 C6H5CO2CH2C6H5 C2H5CH2CO2CH2C6H5 C6H5CH2Cl (C6H5CH2)2O HCO2CH2C6H5 C2H5CO2CH2C6H5 C5H2N(CO2H)32H2O NH(CONH2)2 C10H17OH C10H17OH C10H17OH CH3CO2C10H17 BrC6H4NH2 C6H5Br BrC10H15O BrC6H4C6H5 C10H7Br C10H7Br BrC6H4OH BrC6H4OH BrC6H4OH C6H5CH:CHBr C6H5CH:CHBr CH3C6H4Br CH3C6H4Br CH3C6H4Br CHBr3 CH3CH:C:CH2 CH2:CHCH:CH2 CH2:(CH)2:CHC⯗CH CH3CH2CH2CH3 (CH3)2CHCH3 CH3CO2(CH2)2C2H5 CH3CO2CH(CH3)C2H5 CH3CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 CH3CO2C(CH3)3 C2H5CH2CH2OH C2H5CH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2OH (CH3)3COH C2H5CH2CH2NH2 C2H5CH(NH2)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2NH2 (CH3)3CNH2 C4H9NHC6H4OH C4H9NHC6H4OH C4H9NHC6H5 C4H9NHC6H5 C4H9AsO(OH)2 C6H5CO2C4H9 C6H5CO2C4H9 C2H5CH2CH2Br C2H5CH(Br)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2Br (CH3)3CBr C2H5CH2CO2CH2CH2C2H5 C2H5CH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 (CH3)2CHCO2CH2CH(CH3)2 CH3(CH2)4CO2C4H9 NH2CO2CH2CH(CH3)2 C4H9OCH2CH2OH
212.24 182.22 195.47 244.24 140.57 242.23 150.17 108.14 107.15 183.25 212.24 178.23 126.58 198.26 136.15 164.20 247.16 103.08 154.25 154.25 154.25 196.29 172.02 157.01 231.13 233.10 207.07 207.07 173.01 173.01 173.01 183.05 183.05 171.03 171.03 171.03 252.73 54.09 54.09 78.11 58.12 58.12 116.16 116.16 116.16 116.16 74.12 74.12 74.12 74.12 73.14 73.14 73.14 73.14 165.23 165.23 149.23 149.23 182.05 178.23 178.23 137.02 137.02 137.02 137.02 144.21 144.21 144.21 172.26 117.15 118.17
mn. col. rhb. col. lq. tri./aq. col. lq. rhb./et. col. lq. col. lq. lq. mn. pr. nd. col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. lq. tri. nd./al. col. cr. col. cr. col. cr. rhb./pet. rhb. col. lq. cr. cr./al. col. oil lf./al. col. lq. cr. tet. cr. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. cr./al. col. lq. lq. col. gas col. lq. col. gas col. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. oil col. lf. col. oil col. oil lq. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lf. col. lq.
1.08354 1.38014 1.21220/4 1.05717 1.04320/4 0.98220/4 1.065 25/25 1.1220/4 1.01616/18 1.100 20/20 1.03616 1.08123 1.03616/17 20/4
1.011 1.01120/4 15
0.991 1.820 1.495 20/4 1.449 20/4 1.48220/4 1.605 0 1.55380 1.588 80 1.42220/4 1.427 20/4 1.42220/4 1.410 20/4 1.390 20/4 2.890 20/4 0.62120/4 0.773 20/4 0.600 0.600 0.882 20 0.865 25/4 0.87120/4 0.866 20/4 0.810 20/4 0.808 20/4 0.80517.5 0.779 26 0.739 25/4 0.724 20/4 0.73220/20 0.69818/4
133–7 48.5 −4.75 93(128) −0.5 108 d. −51.5 −15.3 37–8 21 238–40 −39 3.6 243 192–3 d. 210.5 208–9 212 29 63–4 −30.6 77–8 90–1 5–6 59 5.6 32–3 63.5 7 −7.5 −28 −39.8 28.5 8–9 −108.9 −135 −145 −76.3 −98.9 −79.9 −114.7 −108 25.5 −50 −104 −85 −67.5 71 79
0.940 20/4 1.005 25/25 0.997 25/25 1.277 20/4 1.25125/4 1.258 25/4 1.21120/4 0.87220/20 0.86318/4 0.875 0/4 0.8820/0 0.95676/4 0.90320/4
158–9 −22 −112.4 −112 −118.5 −16.2 −80.7 65
344768 305.4 220.7 197.2 expl. 213.5 204.7 184.5 306750 323–4 i. 179.4 295–8 202–3747 220–2 subl. 212–3 226–7 156.2 274 310 281.1 281–2 194–5 236–7 238 221 10826 181.8 183.7 184–5 150.5 18–9 −4.41 83–6 −0.6 −10 125 740 112744 118 95–6760 117 99.5 107–8 82.9 77.8 66772 68–9 45.2 235720 231–2 249–50 241.5 101.6 91.3 91.5 73.3 165.7736 156.9 148–9 204.3 206–7 171.2
v. sl. s. i. i. sl. s. d. i. i. 417 ∞ i. i. v. s. i. i. i. i. v. sl. s. 1.30 v. sl. s. v. sl. s. i. i. i. c. i. i. i. i. i. s. 1.415 i. i. i. i. i. 0.1 c. i. i. i. i. i. 0.7 i. 0.625 i. 915 12.520 1015 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ i. i. i. 0.0115 s. i. i. 0.0616 i. 0.0618 i. i. i. i. i. i. ∞
s. h. 6.515 s.
sl. s. 1513 s.
d. h. s. h. ∞ ∞ ∞
∞ s. ∞ ∞ ∞ s. ∞
∞ v. s. ∞ s. h. s.
∞ s. ∞
sl. s. h. s.
i.
v. s.
v. s.
s. v. s. s. 2026 s. s. 620 s. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ s. s. s. ∞ ∞ ∞
s. v. s. ∞ v. s. 34 25 ∞ v. s. ∞ s. v. s. ∞ ∞ ∞25 s. ∞25 ∞ ∞ ∞
s. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
s. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
v. s. v. s. s. s. ∞ ∞
v. s. v. s. i. s. ∞ ∞
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
s. ∞
s. ∞
2-32
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Continued)
Name chloride (n-) (s-) (i-) (t-) dimethylbenzene (t-)(1-,3-,5-) formate (n-) (s-) (i-) furoate (n-) iodide (n-) (s-) (i-) (t-) lactate (n-) mercaptan (n-) (i-) (t-) methacrylate (n-) (i-) phenol (p-)(t-) propionate (n-) (s-) (i-) stearate (n-) (i-) iso-thiocyanate (n-) (i-) (s-)(d-) (t-) valerate (n-)(n-) (i-)(n-) (i-)(s-) (i-)(i-) Butylene (α-) (β-) Butyraldehyde (n-) (i-) Butyric acid (n-) (i-) amide (n-) (i-) anhydride (n-) (i-) anilide (n-) Caffeic acid (3-,4-) Caffeine Camphene (dl-) (d- or l-) Camphor (d-) Camphoric acid (d-) Cantharidine Capric acid Caproic acid (n-) (i-) Caprylic acid (n-) Carbazole Carbitol Carbon disulfide monoxide suboxide tetrabromide tetrachloride tetrafluoride Carbonyl sulfide Carminic acid Carvacrol (1-,2-,4-)
Synonym 1-chloro-butane 2-chloro-butane 1-Cl2-2-Me-propane 2-Cl2-2-Me-propane
1-iodo-butane 2-iodo-butane 1-iodo-2-Me-propane 2-iodo-2-Me-propane butanthiol-1 2-Me-propanthiol-1
butyl mustard oil iso-Bu mustard oil
butene-1 butene-2 2-Me-propanol butanoic acid 2-Me-propanoic acid n-butyramide iso-butyramide n-butyranilide
decanoic acid hexanoic acid 2-Me-pentanoic-5 acid octanoic acid diphenylenelimine, dibenzopyrrole diethylene glycol mono-Et ether
tetrabromomethane tetrachloromethane tetrafluoromethane
Formula C2H5CH2CH2Cl C2H5CHClCH3 (CH3)2CHCH2Cl (CH3)3CCl (CH3)3CC6H3:(CH3)2 HCO2CH2CH2C2H5 HCO2CH(CH3)C2H5 HCO2CH2CH(CH3)2 OC4H3CO2C4H9 C2H5CH2CH2I C2H5CHICH3 (CH3)2CHCH2I (CH3)3CI CH3CH(OH)CO2C4H9 C2H5CH2CH2SH (CH3)2CHCH2SH (CH3)3CSH CH2:C(CH3)CO2C4H9 CH2:C(CH3)CO2C4H9 (CH3)3CC6H4OH C2H5CO2C4H9 C2H5CO2C4H9 C2H5CO2C4H9 CH3(CH2)16CO2C4H9 CH3(CH2)16CO2C4H9 C2H5CH2CH2N:CS (CH3)2CHCH2N:CS C4H9N:CS (CH3)3CN:CS CH3(CH2)3CO2(CH2)3CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2CO2(CH2)3CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2CO2C4H9 C4H9CO2C4H9 C2H5CH:CH2 CH3CH:CHCH3 CH3CH2CH2CHO (CH3)2CHCHO C2H5CH2CO2H (CH3)2CHCO2H C2H5CH2CONH2 (CH3)2CHCONH2 (C2H5CH2CO)2O [(CH3)2CHCO]2O C3H7CONHC6H5 (HO)2C6H3C2H2CO2H C8H10O2N4H2O C10H16 C10H16 C10H16O C8H14(CO2H)2 C10H12O4 CH3(CH2)8CO2H CH3(CH2)4CO2H (CH3)2CH(CH2)2CO2H CH3(CH2)6CO2H (C6H4)2NH C2H5O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH CS2 CO OC:C:CO CBr4 CCl4 CF4 COS C22H20O13 CH3C6H3(OH)CH(CH3)2
Formula weight 92.57 92.57 92.57 92.57 162.27 102.13 102.13 102.13 168.19 184.02 184.02 184.02 184.02 146.18 90.19 90.19 90.19 142.20 142.20 150.22 130.18 130.18 130.18 340.58 340.58 115.20 115.20 115.20 115.20 158.24 158.24 158.24 158.24 56.11 56.11 72.11 72.11 88.11 88.11 87.12 87.12 158.19 158.19 163.22 180.16 212.21 136.23 136.23 152.23 200.23 196.20 172.26 116.16 116.16 144.21 167.21 134.17 76.14 28.01 68.03 331.63 153.82 88.00 60.08 492.39 150.22
Form and color
Specific gravity
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. lq. lq. nd./aq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. wax lq. lq. lq. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. gas col. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. rhb. mn. pl. col. lq. col. lq. mn. pr. yel./aq. nd./al. cr. cr. trig. mn. cr. col. nd. oily lq. col. oil col. lf. lf. col. lq. col. lq. col. gas gas col. mn. col. lq. gas col. gas red pd. col. lq.
0.887 20 0.87120/4 0.88415 0.84715
−123.1 −131 −131.2 −26.5
77.9763 67.8767 68.9 51–2 200–2147 106.9 97 98.2 118–2025 129.9 118–9 120 99 75–66 97–8 88 65–7 155 155 236–8 146 132.5 136.8 220–525
0.9110 0.88220/4 0.885 20/4 1.056 20/4 1.617 20/4 1.595 20 1.606 20/4 1.370 19/15 0.968 0.837 25/4 0.836 20/4 0.889 15.6 0.889 15.6 0.908 112/4 0.88315 0.866 20/4 0.888 0/4 0.855 25/25 0.95611 0.96414/4 0.943 20/4 0.91910 0.87015/4 0.862 25/4 0.848 20/4 0.8740/4 0.69 20/4
0.817 0.79420/4 0.96420/4 0.949 20/4 1.032 1.013 0.968 20/20 0.950 25/4 1.134 1.2319 0.82278 0.845 50/4 0.999 9/9 1.186 0.889 87 0.922 20/4 0.925 20/4 0.910 20/4 0.990 20/20 1.263 20/4 0.81−195/4 1.1140 3.42 1.595 20/4 1.24−87 0.977 20/4
−95.3 −103.5 −104 −90.7 −34 −116
CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CH2 CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHOH CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CO (CH2CH2CH:)2 CH3CO2C6H11 CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHNH2 CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHBr CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHCl CH2 < (CH:CH)2 > CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > < (CH2CH2)2 > CO < CH2CH2CH2 > CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2 CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2 CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2 [SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H]2 C6H6(OH)6 C10H18 C10H18 CH3(CH2)8CH3 CH3(CH2)8CH2OH (C6H10O5)x (CH3)2C(OH)CH2COCH3 H2NC6H4COC6H4NH2 H2NC6H4NHC6H4NH2 H2NC6H4CH2C6H4NH2 (H2NC6H4NH)2CO [(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2NH (C2H5CH2CH2CH2)2O [(CH3)2CH(CH2)2]2O [(CH3)2CHCH2CH2]2CO C6H4(CO2C5H11)2 C6H4(CO2C5H11)2 (HOCHCO2C5H11)2 [NH2(OCH3)C6H3]2 C6H5N:NNHC6H5 C7H7N:NNHC7H7 CH2:N2
Formula weight 164.16 164.16 146.14 118.13 149.15 113.12 138.16 137.18 108.14 108.14 108.14 212.24 212.24 212.24 86.09 86.09 70.09 120.19 164.20 135.21 42.04 43.02 85.06 52.03 105.92 61.47 165.10 56.11 98.19 84.16 100.16 98.14 82.14 142.20 99.17 163.06 118.60 66.10 70.13 84.12 42.08 134.22 134.22 134.22 240.30 180.16 138.25 138.25 142.28 158.28 162.14 116.16 212.25 199.25 198.26 242.28 157.30 158.28 158.28 170.29 306.40 306.40 290.35 244.29 197.24 225.29 42.04
Form and color nd./aq. cr./aq. rhb./et. oil mn./aq. mn. pr. nd./pet. cr. lq. pr. lq. cr. cr. col. mn. nd. col. lq. col. lq. tri. lq. col. nd. gas col. lq. col. gas nd. gas mn./aq. col. gas oil col. lq. col. nd. col. oil lq. oil col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. oil col. oil col. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. pl. mn./aq. lq. lq. col. lq. col. oil amor. lq. yel. nd. lf./aq. nd./aq. cr. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. yel. oil col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lf. yel. lf. or. cr. gas
Specific gravity
0.93520/4 1.07815/15 1.09220/20 20/4
1.048 1.03420/4 1.03520/4
0.96479.7 1.03115/4 0.85320/20 0.86220/4 1.1624 0.953 1.07348/4 1.1400 0.86617 2.01520/4 1.2220 1.7680/4 0.7030/4 0.81020/4 0.77920/4 0.96220/4 0.94719/4 0.81020/4 0.9850/4 0.86520/0 1.32420/20 0.97718/4 0.80519/4 0.74520/4 0.94820 0.720−79 0.87520/4 0.86220 0.85720/4 1.752 0.89518/4 0.87220/4 0.7302 0.83020/4 1.038 0.93125
0.76721/4 0.77420/4 0.77720/4 0.82125/4
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
207–8 206–7 d. 70
Hg(CN)2 Hg(ONC)2aH2O (CH3)2C:CHCOCH3 C6H3(CH3)3 H2NC6H4SO3H CH4
Formula weight 144.21 102.17 102.17 102.17 130.18 194.27 179.17 155.15 180.16 90.08 27.03 110.11 122.12 213.23 145.16 145.16 262.26 264.28 117.15 133.15 204.01 220.01 393.73 192.30 192.30 206.32 147.13 68.12 42.04 427.34 90.08 162.14 144.13 360.31 200.32 338.61 186.33 323.44 267.34 143.19 131.17 116.12 136.23 154.25 196.29 280.45 116.07 98.06 134.09 134.09 104.06 360.31 152.15 182.17 180.16 270.45 342.17 156.27 167.25 119.21 252.62 293.63 98.14 120.19 173.19 16.04
Form and color
Specific gravity
col. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. lq. col. nd. rhb. lf./aq. cr./aq. syrup lq. cr. nd./aq. pr./al. pr./al. pr. cr. gray lf./aq. yel. pr. col. lq. nd./aq. yel. hex. col. oil col. oil col. oil yel. red col. lq. col. gas cr. hyg. yel. oil tri./al. col. rhb. col. nd. pl. lf. col. lq. col. lq. lq. cr. lf. lq. col. oil col. lq. yel. oil mn. cr. col. cr. col. cr. col. tri. col. nd. rhb./aq. col. rhb. rhb. col. pl. nd./al. col. cr. nd. cr. cr. cr./aq. lq. col. lq. col. nd. gas
0.890 0/0 0.820 20/20 0.821 20/0 0.809 20/4 0.898 0 1.371 20/4
0.697 18 1.332 15 1.129 130
1.35
1.824 25/4 1.857 112 4.008 17 0.930 20 0.944 20 0.939 20
Melting point, °C −51.6 −14 −107 68–70 187–8 d. 287 175–80 −12 170.3 116–7 135 199–200 75–6 390–2 52 85 −28.5 93–4 119
0.681 20/4
200–1 −120 −151
1.249 15/4
16.8
0.862 10/4 1.525 20 0.869 50/4 0.809 69/4 0.831 24/4 1.659 18/4 1.995 20/4 1.086 20 1.29318 1.140 20/20 0.842 20/4 0.868 20 0.895 20 0.903 18/4 1.609 1.5 1.601 20/4 1.595 20/4 1.631 15 1.540 17 1.300 20/4 1.489 20/4 1.539 20/4 0.853 60
124.5 202 48(44) 69–70 24 −136 −27.5 9–10 295 33.5 −96.9
15/15
0.890 1.4220/4 1.50 4.003 22 4.4 0.858 20/4 0.865 20/4
0.415 −164
−9.5 130.5 57–60 128–9 99–100 130–5 d. d. 118.1 166 132 60–1 286–8 42–3 179 106 d. 320 expl. −59 −45(−52) d. −182.6
Boiling point, °C 169.2 157.2 120–1 123762 153.6 1797 d. d. 25–6 285730 subl. d. subl. 266.6752 subl. 253–4 110 188.6 d. subl. 136.117 14018 14416 subl. 34 −56 12214 d. 250 255757 d. 225100 255–9 152291 110760 261–3 subl. 245–6 177 198–200 220762 d. 229–3016 135 d. 202 150 d. 140 d. d. 290–53 227100 d. 212 d.
130750 164.8 −161.4
Solubility in 100 parts Water i. 0.620 v. sl. s. v. sl. s. 0.05 0.420 s. s. h. ∞ 615 1.3831 v. sl. s. h. s. h. v. sl. s. c. i. i. s. h. s. 0.03420 sl. s. 0.0125 sl. s. sl. s. v. sl. s. s. h. i. d. 7.220 ∞ v. sl. s. v. sl. s. 1710 i. i. i. i. i. sl. s. 2.218 v. s. i. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. i. 7925 16.380 14426 v. s. 13816 10825 1620 1314 24817 i. v. s. 0.04 c. i. 1.660 12.515 0.0712 320 i. 215 0.420 cc.
Alcohol
Ether
v. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ v. s. s. h. v. sl. s. v. s.
v. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ s. 0.2518 i. sl. s.
∞ v. s.
∞ v. s.
s. v. s. s. i. s. s. h. s. s. v. s. 1.517 ∞ ∞ v. s. v. s. h. ∞ d.
s. v. s. sl. s. i. s. s. s. ∞ v. s. 13.625 ∞ ∞ v. s. sl. s. ∞ s.
∞ s. v. sl. s. c. i. s. i. c. s. sl. s. ∞ ∞
∞ s.
v. s. ∞ s. ∞ ∞ 7030
v. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ 825
v. s. v. s. 4225 v. sl. s. c. s. 0.0114 v. sl. s. 3228 v. s. v. s. s.
v. s. 8.415 815 i. s. i. i. v. s.
s. ∞ s. v. sl. s. 4720 cc.
i. s. s. ∞ ∞ ∞
v. s. sl. s.
∞ ∞ v. sl. s. 10410 cc.
2-41
Methoxy-methoxyethanol Methyl acetate acrylic acid (α-) alcohol -amine -amine hydrochloride aniline anthracene (α-) (β-) anthranilate (o-) anthraquinone (2-) benzoate benzylaniline bromide butyrate (n-) (i-) caprate caproate (n-) caprylate cellosolve chloride chloroacetate chloroformate cinnamate cyclohexane ethyl carbonate ethyl ketone ethyl oxalate formate furoate glucamine glycolate heptoate hypochlorite iodide lactate laurate mercaptan methacrylate myristate naphthalene (α-) (β-) nitrate nitrite nonyl ketone (n-) oleate orange palmitate phosphine propionate propyl ketone (n-) salicylate (o-) stearate toluate (o-) (m-) (p-) Methyl toluidine (o-) (m-) (p-) valerate (n-) (i-) vinyl ketone Methylal Methylene-bis-(phenyl-4-isocyanate) bromide chloride dianiline iodide Michler’s hydrol (p-,p′-) ketone Morphine Mucic acid
CH3(OCH2)2CH2OH CH3CO2CH3 CH2:C(CH3)CO2H CH3OH CH3NH2 CH3NH2HCl C6H5NHCH3 C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3CH3 C6H4:(CH)2:C6H3CH3 NH2C6H4CO2CH3 C6H4:(CO)2:C6H3CH3 C6H5CO2CH3 C6H5N(CH3)CH2C6H5 CH3Br CH3(CH2)2CO2CH3 (CH3)2CHCO2CH3 CH3(CH2)8CO2CH3 CH3(CH2)4CO2CH3 CH3(CH2)6CO2CH3 CH3OCH2CH2OH CH3Cl ClCH2CO2CH3 ClCO2CH3 C6H5CH:CHCO2CH3 CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > CHCH3 CH3OCOOC2H5 CH3.COC2H5 CH3OCOCO2C2H5 HCO2CH3 C4H3OCO2CH3 CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2NHCH3 HOCH2CO2CH3 CH3(CH2)5CO2CH3 ClOCH3 CH3I CH3CH(OH)CO2CH3 CH3(CH2)10CO2CH3 CH3SH CH2:C(CH3)CO2CH3 CH3(CH2)12CO2CH3 C10H7CH3 C10H7CH3 CH3ONO2 CH3ONO CH3(CH2)8COCH3 C17H33CO2CH3 (CH3)2NC6H4N2C6H4SO3Na CH3(CH2)14CO2CH3 CH3PH2 CH3CH2CO2CH3 CH3COCH2CH2CH3 HOC6H4CO2CH3 CH3(CH2)16CO2CH3 CH3C6H4CO2CH3 CH3C6H4CO2CH3 CH3C6H4CO2CH3 CH3C6H4NHCH3 CH3C6H4NHCH3 CH3C6H4NHCH3 CH3(CH2)3CO2CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2CO2CH3 CH3COCH:CH2 HCH(OCH3)2 (OCNC6H4)2CH2 CH2Br2 CH2Cl2 (C6H5NH)2CH2 CH2I2 [(CH3)2NC6H4]2CHOH [(CH3)2NC6H4]2CO C17H19O3NH2O (CHOHCHOHCO2H)2
106.12 74.08 86.09 32.04 31.06 67.52 107.15 192.26 192.26 151.16 222.24 136.15 197.28 94.94 102.13 102.13 186.29 130.18 158.24 76.09 50.49 108.52 94.50 162.19 98.19 104.10 72.11 132.11 60.05 126.11 195.21 90.08 144.21 66.49 141.94 104.10 214.34 48.11 100.12 242.40 142.20 142.20 77.04 61.04 170.29 296.49 327.33 270.45 48.02 88.11 86.13 152.15 298.50 150.17 150.17 150.17 121.18 121.18 121.18 116.16 116.16 70.09 76.09 250.25 173.83 84.93 198.26 267.84 270.37 268.35 303.35 210.14
lq. col. lq. pr. col. lq. col. gas pl./al. lq. lf./al. col. lf. col. lq. col. nd. col. lq. lq. gas col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. gas col. lq. col. lq. cr. col. lq. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. gas col. lq. lq. lq. gas lq. cr./al. oil mn. lq. gas col. oil oil red pd. col. cr. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. cr. col. lq. col. lq. cr. lq. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. cr. col. lq. gn. lf./al. pr./al. pd.
1.038 25 0.924 20/4 1.015 20/4 0.792 20/4 0.699 −11 1.23 0.989 20/4 1.047 99.4 1.181 0/4 1.168 19/4 1.087 25/25 1.732 0/0 0.898 20/4 0.891 20/4 0.904 0/0 0.887 18 0.965 20/4 0.952 0 1.236 20/4 1.236 15 1.042 36/0 0.769 20/4 1.002 27 0.805 20/4 1.156 0/0 0.974 20/4 1.179 21/4
250 125 46–9 69–70 50 111–2
300 >300 278–80 285–6
1.077 100/4 1.224 4 1.217 4
1.123 25/25 1.061 98/4
250.5100 16715 217.9
300.8 306.1 subl.
d.
1.18 1.009 20/4
1.207 156 1.211 156 1.442 15 1.43 1.437 14 1.254 20/4 1.233 20
1.205 18/4 1.575 4/4 1.494 4/4 1.550 22/4
89/4
1.240 1.067 20/4 1.179 20/4 1.313 17 1.44
NH C5H4NCH3 C5H4NCH3 C5H4NCH3 HOC6H2(NH2)(NO2)2 HOC6H2(NO2)3 ClC6H2(NO2)3 [(CH3)2COH]2 CH3COC(CH3)3 C10H16 C10H17Cl C10H16O CH2 < (CH2CH2)2 > NH HO2CCH < (CH2CH2)2 > NH (CH2)5CS2HHN(CH2)5 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CO2H CH3CH2CHO (CH3CH2CO)2O CH3CO2CH2CH2CH3 CH3CO2CH(CH3)2 CH3CH2CH2OH (CH3)2CHOH CH3CH2CH2NH2 (CH3)2CHNH2 C6H5NHCH2CH2CH3 C6H5CO2CH2CH2CH3 C6H5CO2CH(CH3)2 CH3CH2CH2Br (CH3)2CHBr C2H5CH2CO2CH2C2H5 (CH3)2CHCO2CH2C2H5 C2H5CH2CO2CH(CH3)2 (CH3)2CHCO2CH(CH3)2 CH3CH2CH2Cl (CH3)2CHCl HCO2CH2CH2CH3 HCO2CH(CH3)2 C4H3OCO2C3H7 CH3CH(OH)CO2CH2C2H5 CH3CH(OH)CO2CH(CH3)2 CH3CH2CH2SH (CH3)2CHSH C2H5CO2CH2C2H5 C2H5CO2CH(CH3)2 (CH3)2CHCNS CH3(CH2)3CO2CH2C2H5 (CH3)2CHCH2CO2C3H7 (CH3)2CHCH2CO2C3H7 CH3CH:CH2 CH3CHBrCH2Br CH3CHClCH2OH CH3CHClCH2Cl CH3CH(OH)CH2OH CH3(CHCH2)O (HO)2C6H3CO2HH2O
Formula weight
Form and color
108.14 108.14 108.14 162.14 138.21 98.92 166.13 166.13 148.12 128.13 134.13 147.13 93.13 93.13 93.13 199.12 229.10 247.55 118.17 100.16 136.23 172.69 152.23 85.15 129.16 232.43 44.10 74.08 58.08 130.14 102.13 102.13 60.10 60.10 59.11 59.11 135.21 164.20 164.20 122.99 122.99 130.18 130.18 130.18 130.18 78.54 78.54 88.11 88.11 154.16 132.16 132.16 76.16 76.16 116.16 116.16 101.17 144.21 144.21 144.21 42.08 201.89 94.54 112.99 76.09 58.08 172.14
lf./aq. rhb. mn. rhb. yel. pr. gas mn./aq. nd./aq. rhb. cr. nd./aq. cr./et. col. lq. col. lq. lq. red nd. yel. rhb. yel. mn. col. nd. col. lq. col. lq. lf. lq. lq. cr. cr. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. col. lq. gas col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. oil col. lq. nd./aq.
Specific gravity 1.139 15/15 0.885 20/4 1.392 19/4 1.593 20/4 1.527
4
1.164 99/4 0.950 15/4 0.961 15/4 0.957 15/4 1.763 20/4 1.797 20 0.967 15 0.800 16 0.878 20/4 0.953 20/20 0.860 20/4 1.13 0.585 −45/4 0.992 20/4 0.807 20/4 1.012 20/4 0.886 20/4 0.874 20/20 0.804 20/4 0.78920/4 0.718 20/20 0.694 15/4 0.949 18 1.021 25/25 1.010 25/25 1.353 20/4 1.310 20/4 0.879 15 0.884 0/4 0.865 18 0.869 0/4 0.890 20/4 0.859 20 0.901 20/4 0.873 20/4 1.075 26/4 0.836 25/4 0.80925/4 0.883 20/4 0.893 0 0.96320 0.874 15 0.863 20/4 0.854 17 0.609 −47/4 1.933 20/4 1.103 20 1.159 20/20 1.040 19.4 0.831 20/20 1.542 4/4
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
103–4 62.8 140 117 28 −104 208 330 130.8 141 73(65) 238 −70
256–8 284–7 267 subl. 197.2743 8.2756 d. subl. 284.5
169 121.8 83 43(38) −52.5 −55 131–2 −9 264 175 −187.1 −22 −81 −45 −92.5 −73.4 −127 −85.8 −83 −101 −51.6 −109.9 −89 −95.2
−122.8 −117 −92.9
−112 −130.7 −76 −70.7 −185 −55.5
CH < (CHCH)2 > N C6H4(OH)2 C6H3(OH)3 CO < (CHCH)2 > O < (CH:CH)2 > NH < (CH2CH2)2 > NH < (CHCH2)2 > NH CH3COCO2H C21H20O112H2O CH3C9H6N C 9 H7 N C9H7N C6H4CH:C(OH)N:C(OH) CO < (CHCH)2 > CO HOC10H5(SO3)2Ca HOC10H5(SO3K)2 HOC10H5(SO3Na)2 C18H32O165H2O C6H4(OH)2 C18H18 CH3(CHOH)4CHOH2O C17H32(OH)CO2H C20H21ON3 C20H16O3 C6H4(CO)(SO2) > NH CH2:CHCH2C6H3:O2CH2 CH3CH:CHC6H3:O2CH2 HOC6H4CO2H HOC6H4CHO HOC6H4CH2OH (HOC10H6SO3)2Ca5H2O HOC10H6SO3K HOC10H6SO3Na NH2CONHNH2 NH2CONHNH3Cl CH3C8H6N CH3ONa [CH2OH(CHOH)2]2 C6H12O6 (C6H10O5)x CH3(CH2)16CO2H CH3(CH2)16CONH2 C6H5CH:CH2 HO2C(CH2)6CO2H HO2C(CH2)2CO2H C12H22O11 H2NC6H4SO3H C10H16 (CHOHCO2H)2 (CHOHCO2H)2H2O (CHOHCO2H)2 CH(OH)(CO2H)2aH2O C6H4(CO2H)2 C10H20O2H2O C10H18O C10H18O CH3CO2C10H17 Br2CHCHBr2 Br3CCH2Br Cl2CHCHCl2 Cl3CCH2Cl Cl2C:CCl2 CH3(CH2)22CH3 CH3(CH2)12CH3 [(C2H5)2NCS]2S2
154.25 152.23 68.08 70.09 84.08 202.25 80.09 79.10 110.11 126.11 96.08 67.09 71.12 69.11 88.06 484.41 143.19 129.16 129.16 161.16 108.09 342.36 380.48 348.26 594.51 110.11 234.34 182.17 298.46 319.40 304.34 183.18 162.19 162.19 138.12 122.12 124.14 576.60 262.32 246.21 75.07 111.53 131.17 54.02 182.17 180.16 162.14 284.48 283.49 104.15 174.19 118.09 342.30 173.19 136.23 150.09 168.10 150.09 129.07 166.13 190.28 154.25 154.25 196.29 345.65 345.65 167.85 167.85 165.83 338.65 198.39 296.54
col. lq. col. lq. nd./et. lq. nd. yel. pr. lq. col. lq. nd./aq. nd. cr. lq. lq. lq. col. lq. yel. nd. lq. lq. pl. cr. yel. mn. cr. cr. cr. cr./aq. col. rhb. lf./al. col. mn. lq. col. nd. red lf. mn. col. mn. col. lq. mn. col. oil rhb./aq. cr. cr. cr. pr./al. pr. lf. pd. cr. rhb. amor. mn. col. cr. col. lq. nd./aq. col. mn. col. mn. col. cr. lq. cr. tri. mn. pr./aq. cr. rhb. col. cr. col. cr. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. cr. col. lq. cr.
0.911 20/4 0.932 20/20 70 1.277 0/4 1.107 20/4 0.982 20/4 1.344 4 1.453 4 1.190 40.3 0.948 20/4 0.852 22.5 0.910 20/4 1.267 20/4 1.059 20/4 1.095 20 1.099 21/4 1.318 20/4
1.465 0 1.272 15 1.1316 1.47120/4 0.954 16
1.100 20/4 1.122 20/4 1.443 20/4 1.153 25/4 1.161 25
1.654 15 1.5021 0.847 69.3 0.903 20/4 1.266 25/4 1.572 25/4 1.588 15 0.863 20/4 1.737 1.697 20/4 1.760 20/4 1.510 0.935 15 0.935 20/20 0.966 20/4 2.964 20/4 2.875 20/4 1.600 20/4 1.588 20/4 1.624 15/4 0.779 51/4 0.765 20/4 1.17
165 149-50 −8 −42 104-5 133-4 32.5
13.6 182-5 −1 −15 24.6 237 115.7
119 110.7 98-9 126 4-5 186 d. 308-10 d. 225-8 11.2 6-7 159 -7 86-7
96 173 d. 95 d. 300 110-2 165 d. 70-1 108-9 −31 140-4 189-90 170-86 d. d. > 280 159-60 205-6 168-70 d. 155-8 subl. 117 38-40 35 < −50 −1.0 0 −36 −19 51.1 5.5 70
86-9 10 224754 186-8 144 subl. d. >360 208 115-6 240-5 309 215-7 131 87-8 90-1 165 244-5750 237.1747 240.5763 subl.
d. 130 276.5 390-4 226-810 subl. 233-4 252-3 21120 196.5 subl.
265-6755
291110 25112 145-6 279100 235 d. 176-7 d. subl. d. 219-21 218-9752 220 d. 15154 10413 146.3 129-30 120.8 324 252.5
v. sl. s. i. s. ∞ s. i. ∞ ∞ 45.120 40 13 v. sl. s. i. ∞ v. s. ∞ 0.04 20 v. sl. s. 6 sl. s. v. sl. s. sl. s. h. 30.6 25 29.5 25 25.2 25 14.3 20 14712 i. 60.8 21 i. v. sl. s. 0.1225 0.4 25 i. i. 0.223 1.7 86 6.615 4.7620 3.4625 6.2925 v. s. v. s. 0.05 c. d. v. s. 5517 i. 0.0325 i. v. sl. s. 0.1416 6.820 1790 0.810 12015 20.620 13920 v. s. 0.001 c. 0.415 i. i. i. i. 0.2920 i. 0.0220 i. i.
∞ s. ∞ v. s. 3 h. s. ∞ v. s. s. s. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ s. ∞ s.
0.120 v. s. 69 h.
∞ s. sl. s. v. sl. s. v. s. s. s. v. s. s. v. s. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ sl. s. s. ∞ s. s.
∞ sl. s. v. s. h. 3.1 c. s. ∞ 4915 ∞ v. s.
v. s. v. s. h. i. ∞ i. sl. s. 1.05 c. ∞ ∞ 5115 ∞ v. s.
v. s. sl. s. s.
i. i. s.
v. s. h. sl. s. i. 220 s. h. ∞ s. 9.915 0.9 v. sl. s.
i. 6g s. h: ∞ 0.815 1.215 i. v. sl. s.
20 2515 v. s. sl. s. h. 1015 v. s. v. s. 20 ∞ s. ∞ ∞ ∞ v. s.
0.09 0.415 i. i. 115 v. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ s. v. s.
2-46
TABLE 2-2
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds (Concluded) Name
Tetrafluoro-ethylene Tetrahydro-furan -furfuryl alcohol -pyran Tetralin Tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide Tetryl (2-,4-,6-) Theobromine Thio-acetic acid -aniline (4-, 4′-) -carbanilide -naphthol (β-) -phenol -salicylic acid (o-) -urea Thiophene Thymol (5-,2-,1-) Tolidine (0-)(3-,3′-,4-,4′-) Toluene sulfonic acid (o-) (p-) sulfonic amide (p-) sulfonic chloride (p-) Toluic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Toluidine (o-) (m-) (p-) hydrochloride (o-) sulfonic acid (1-,2-,3-) Toluylenediamine (1-,2-,4-) Tolylene diisocyanate (1-,2-,4-) Trehalose Triamylamine (n-) (i-) Tributyl-amine (n-) phosphite Trichloro-acetic acid -benzene (s-)(1-,3-,5-) -ethane (1-,1-,1-) -ethylene -phenol Tricosane (n-) Tricresyl phosphate (o-) Tridecane (n-) Triethanol amine Triethyl-amine -benzene (1-,3-,5-) (1-,2-,4-) borate citrate Triethylene glycol Trifluoro-chloromethane -chloroethylene -trichloroethane Trimethoxybutane (1-,3-,3-) Trimethylamine Trimethylene bromide chloride glycol Trinitro-benzene (1-,3-,5-) -benzoic acid (2-,4-,6-) -tert-butylxylene -naphthalene (α-)(1-,3-,5-) (β-)(1-,3-,8-) (γ-)(1-,4-,5-)
Formula F2C:CF2 CH2(CH2)2CH2O C4H7OCH2OH CH2(CH2)3CH2O C6H4CH2(CH2)2CH2 [(CH3)2NCS]2S2 (NO2)3C6H2N(CH3)NO2 C7H8O2N4 CH3COSH (NH2C6H4)2S (C6H5NH)2CS C10H7SH C6H5SH HSC6H4CO2H NH2CSNH2 < (CH:CH)2 > S (CH3)(C3H7)C6H3OH [CH3(NH2)C6H3]2 C6H5CH3 CH3C6H4SO3H2H2O CH3C6H4SO3HH2O CH3C6H4SO2NH2 CH3C6H4SO2Cl CH3C6H4CO2H CH3C6H4CO2H CH3C6H4CO2H CH3C6H4NH2 CH3C6H4NH2 CH3C6H4NH2 CH3C6H4NH3Cl CH3(NH2)C6H3SO3H CH3C6H3(NH2)2 CH3C6H3(NCO)2 C12H22O112H2O [CH3(CH2)3CH2]3N [(CH3)2CH(CH2)2]3N [CH3(CH2)2CH2]3N [CH3(CH2)3O]3P Cl3CCO2H C6H3Cl3 Cl3CCH3 Cl2C:CHCl Cl3C6H2OH CH3(CH2)21CH3 OP(OC6H4CH3)3 CH3(CH2)11CH3 (HOCH2CH2)3N (CH3CH2)3N (C2H5)3C6H3 (C2H5)3C6H3 B(OCH2CH3)3 HOC3H4(CO2C2H5)3 (CH2OCH2CH2OH)2 CF3Cl F2C:CFCl Cl2CFCClF2 CH2(OCH3)CH2C(OCH3)2CH3 (CH3)3N BrCH2CH2CH2Br ClCH2CH2CH2Cl HOCH2CH2CH2OH C6H3(NO2)3 (NO2)3C6H2CO2H (NO2)3C6(CH3)2C4H9 C10H5(NO2)3 C10H5(NO2)3 C10H5(NO2)3
Formula weight
Form and color
Specific gravity
Melting point, °C
Boiling point, °C
100.02 72.11 102.13 86.13 132.20 240.43 287.14 180.16 76.12 216.30 228.31 160.24 110.18 154.19 76.12 84.14 150.22 212.29 92.14 208.23 190.22 171.22 190.65 136.15 136.15 136.15 107.15 107.15 107.15 143.61 187.22 122.17 174.16 378.33 227.43 227.43 185.35 250.31 163.39 181.45 133.40 131.39 197.45 324.63 368.36 184.36 149.19 101.19 162.27 162.27 145.99 276.28 150.17 104.46 116.47 187.38 148.20 59.11 201.89 112.99 76.09 213.10 257.11 297.26 263.16 263.16 263.16
gas col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. cr. yel. mn. rhb. yel. lq. nd./aq. rhb./al. cr./al. col. lq. yel. nd. rhb./al. col. lq. cr. lf. col. lq. cr. mn. mn. tri. cr./aq. pr./aq. cr./aq. col. lq. col. lq. cr. mn. pr. cr. rhb. lq. rhb./al. lq. col. lq. col. lq. lq. cr. nd. lq. col. lq. nd. lf. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. oil lq. lq. lq. oil col. lq. gas gas lq. lq. gas lq. lq. oil col. rhb. rhb./aq. nd./al. rhb. cr./al. yel. cr.
1.58−78 0.88821/4 1.05020/4 0.88120/4 0.97318/4 1.29 1.5719
−142.5 −65
−76.3 65-6 177-8743 88 206764
10
1.074 1.324
1.07423/4 1.40520/4 1.07015/4 0.97225/25 0.86620/4
1.062115/4 1.054112/4 0.99920/4 0.98920/4 1.04620/4
1.2328
−31 155-6 130.5 330 < −17 108 154 81 164 180-2 −30 51.5 128-9 −95 d. 104-5 137 69 104-5 110-1 179-80 −16.3 −31.5 44-5 218-20 99
expl. 93 d. 286-8 168-9 subl. d. 84 232752 110.8 128.80 146-70 134.510 259751 263 274-5 199.7 203.3 200.3 242 283-5 134.520
97 0.78620/4 0.77820/20 0.92520/4 1.61746/15 26/4
1.325 1.46620/20 1.49075/4 0.77948/4 0.75720/4 1.12620/20 0.72920/20 0.86120/4 0.88217/4 0.86420/20 1.13720/4 1.12520/20 1.726−130 1.57620/4 0.932 0.662 −5 1.987 15/4 1.201 15 1.060 20/4 1.688 20/4
58 63.5 −73 68-9 47.7 −6.2 20-1 −114.8
−5 −182 −157.5 −35 −124 −34.4 121 210-20 d. 110 122-3 218-9 148-9
240-5 235 216.5761 122-312 195.5754 208.5764 74.1 87.2 246 23415 234 277-9150 89.4 215 217-8755 120 294 290 −80 −27.9 47.6 63-525 3.5 167.5 123-5 214 d.
Solubility in 100 parts Water 0.0130 s. ∞ s. i. i. i. 0.0615 s. sl. s. h. i. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. sl. s. h. 9.213 i. 0.0919 v. sl. s. 0.0516 v. s. v. s. 0.29 i. 2.17100 1.6100 1.3100 1.525 sl. s. 0.7421 s. 0.9711 s. h. d. s. h. i. i. i. i. 12025 i. i. 0.125 0.0925 i. i. i. ∞ ∞ > 190 i. i. d. i. ∞ d. i. d. 4119 0.1730 0.2725 ∞ 0.0315 2.0524 i. i. 0.02100 i.
Alcohol
Ether
s. ∞
s. ∞
s.
s.
s. h. 0.06 c. ∞ s. v. s. v. s. v. s. s. s. s. v. s. s. s. s. s. 7.45 s. v. s. v. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ v. s. sl. s.
s. 0.03 h. ∞ s. v. s. v. s. ∞ sl. s. v. s. s. ∞
s. v. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ v. s.
s. d. sl. s. h.
i.
s.
s.
∞
s. sl. s. ∞ ∞ v. s.
s. ∞ ∞ v. s.
v. s. ∞ ∞ s. s.
v. s. sl. s. ∞ s. s.
∞ ∞
∞ v. sl. s.
∞
∞
s. s. s. ∞ 1.918
s. s. s. 1.518
sl. s. s. 0.0523 0.1119
0.1315 0.419
s.
-phenol (2-,3-,6-) -toluene (β-)(2-,3-,4-) (γ-)(2-,4-,5-) (α-)(2-,4-,6-) Trional Triphenyl-arsine carbinol guanidine (α-) methane methyl phosphate Tripropylamine (n-) Undecane (n-) Urea nitrate Uric acid Valeric acid (n-) (i-) aldehyde (n-) (i-) amide (n-) (i-) Vanillic acid (3-,4-,1-) alcohol (3-,4-,1-) hyl-thiuram disulfide Vanillin (3-,4-,1-) Veratrole (o-) Vinyl acetate (poly-) acetic acid acetylene alcohol (poly-) chloride propionate Xylene (o-) (m-) (p-) sulfonic acid (1-,4-,2-) Xylidine (1:2)(3-) (1:2)(4-) (1:3)(2-) (1:3)(4-) (1:3)(5-) (1:4)(2-) Xylose (l-)(+) Xylylene dichloride (p-) Zinc diethyl dimethyl dimethyl-dithiocarbamate NOTE:
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32.
(NO2)3C6H2OH CH3C6H2(NO2)3 CH3C6H2(NO2)3 CH3C6H3(NO2)3 (C2H5SO2C2H4)2 (C6H5)3As (C6H5)3COH C6H5N:C(NHC6H5)2 (C6H5)3CH (C6H5)3C . . . OP(OC6H5)3 (CH3CH2CH2)3N CH3(CH2)9CH3 H2NCONH2 CO(NH2)2HNO3 C5H4O3N4 C2H5CH2CH2CO2H (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H C2H5CH2CH2CHO (CH3)2CHCH2CHO C2H5CH2CH2CONH2 (CH3)2CHCH2CONH2 CH3O(OH)C6H3CO2H CH3O(OH)C6H3CH2OH [(C2H5)2NCS]2S2 CH3O(OH)C6H3CHO C6H4(OCH3)2 CH3CO2CH:CH2 (CH3CO2CH:CH2)x CH2:CHCH2CO2H CH2:CHC:CH CH2:CHOH (CH2:CHOH)x CH2:CHCl C2H5CO2CH:CH2 C6H4(CH3)2 C6H4(CH3)2 C6H4(CH3)2 (CH3)2C6H3SO3H2H2O (CH3)2C6H3NH2 (CH3)2C6H3NH2 (CH3)2C6H3NH2 (CH3)2C6H3NH2 (CH3)2C6H3NH2 (CH3)2C6H3NH2 CH2OH(CHOH)3CHO C6H4(CH2Cl)2 Zn(CH2CH3)2 Zn(CH3)2 Zn[S2CN(CH3)2]2
229.10 227.13 227.13 227.13 242.36 306.23 260.33 287.36 244.33 243.32 326.28 143.27 156.31 60.06 123.07 168.11 102.13 102.13 86.13 86.13 101.15 101.15 168.15 154.16 296.54 152.15 138.16 86.09 (86.09) 86.09 52.07 44.05 (44.05) 62.50 100.12 106.17 106.17 106.17 222.26 121.18 121.18 121.18 121.18 121.18 121.18 150.13 175.06 123.53 95.48 305.84
nd. cr. yel. pl. cr./al. pl./al. pl. cr. rhb./al. cr. col. cr. pr./al. col. lq. col. lq. col. pr. col. mn. cr. col. lq. col. lq. lq. col. lq. mn. pl. mn. nd./aq. mn./aq. cr. mn. cr. col. lq. col. lq. gas gas lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lq. col. lf. lq. pr. lq. lq. oil oil nd. mn. col. lq. col. lq.
1.620 20/4 1.620 20/4 1.654 1.199 85/4 1.306 1.188 20/4 1.13 1.014 99/4 1.206 58/4 0.757 20/4 0.741 20/4 1.335 20/4 1.893 20 0.939 20/4 0.931 20/20 0.819 11 0.803 17 1.023 0.965 20/4 1.17 1.056 1.091 15/15 0.932 20/4 1.1920 1.013 15/15 0.705 1.5
117-8 112 104 80.8 76 59-60 162.5 144-5 93.4 145-7 49-50 −93.5 −25.6 132.7 152 d. d. −34.5 −37.6 −92 −51 106 135-7 207 115 70 81-2 22.5 < −60 100-25 −39
1.320 0.908 25/25
d. >200 −160
0.881 20/4 0.867 17/4 0.861 20/4
−25 −47.4 13.2 86 < −15 49-50
0.991 15 1.076 17.5 0.980 15 0.978 20/4 0.972 20/4 0.979 21/4 1.535 0 1.417 0 1.182 18 1.386 11 2.0040/4
15.5 153-4 100.5 −28 −40 248-50
expl. expl. expl. d. >360 >360 d. 359754 d. 24511 156.5 194.5 d. 187 176 103.4 92.5 232 subl. d. 285 207.1 72-3 163 5.5 −12 93-5 144 139.3 138.5 1490.1 223 224-6 216-7 213-4 221-2 215789 240-5 d. 118 46
s. h. i. i. 0.0120 0.315 i. i. i. i. i. i. v. sl. s. i. 10017 v. s. h. 0.06 h. 3.316 4.220 v. sl. s. sl. s. v. s. s. 0.1214 v. s. h. i. 114 v. sl. s. 220 i. s. 0.670.6 s. sl. s. v. sl. s. i. i. i. s. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. v. sl. s. 11720 i. d. d. i.
v. s. sl. s. c. s. h. 1.522 50 s. v. s. 40 v. s. h. sl. s. h. 15525 ∞ ∞ 2020 s. i. ∞ ∞ s. s. v. s. s. v. s. v. s.
v. s. s. v. s. 533 6.615 v. s. v. s. v. s. v. s. ∞ ∞ sl. s. i. ∞ ∞ s. s. v. s. s. v. s. v. s.
v. s. s. ∞
v. s. s. ∞
∞
∞
s.
v. s.
s. s. s.
∞ ∞ v. s.
s.
s.
v. sl. s. s. d. d.
i. v. sl. s.
2-47
2-48
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-3
Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from 0 to −40 ⬚C
Vapor pressure t, ºC mmHg 0 −0.5 −1.0 −1.5 −2.0 −2.5 −3.0 −3.5 −4.0 −4.5 −5.0 −5.5 −6.0 −6.5 −7.0 −7.5 −8.0 −8.5 −9.0 −9.5 −10.0 −10.5 −11.0 −11.5 −12.0 −12.5 −13.0
4.584 4.399 4.220 4.049 3.883 3.724 3.571 3.423 3.281 3.145 3.013 2.887 2.766 2.649 2.537 2.429 2.325 2.225 2.130 2.038 1.949 1.865 1.783 1.705 1.630 1.558 1.489
Vapor pressure
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
0.6112 0.5865 0.5627 0.5398 0.5177 0.4965 0.4761 0.4564 0.4375 0.4193 0.4018 0.3849 0.3687 0.3532 0.3382 0.3238 0.3100 0.2967 0.2839 0.2717 0.2599 0.2486 0.2377 0.2273 0.2173 0.2077 0.1985
−13.5 −14.0 −14.5 −15.0 −15.5 −16.0 −16.5 −17.0 −17.5 −18.0 −18.5 −19.0 −19.5 −20.0 −20.5 −21.0 −21.5 −22.0 −22.5 −23.0 −23.5 −24.0 −24.5 −25.0 −25.5 −26.0 −26.5
1.423 1.359 1.298 1.240 1.184 1.130 1.079 1.029 0.9822 0.9370 0.8937 0.8522 0.8125 0.7745 0.7381 0.7034 0.6701 0.6383 0.6078 0.5787 0.5509 0.5243 0.4989 0.4747 0.4515 0.4294 0.4083
kPa
UNITS CONVERSIONS
Vapor pressure t, ºC
mmHg
0.1897 −27.0 0.3881 0.1812 −27.5 0.3688 0.1731 −28.0 0.3505 0.1653 −28.5 0.3330 0.1578 −29.0 0.3162 0.1507 −29.5 0.3003 0.1438 −30.0 0.2851 0.1372 −30.5 0.2706 0.1310 −31.0 0.2568 0.1249 −31.5 0.2437 0.1191 −32.0 0.2311 0.1136 −32.5 0.2192 0.1083 −33.0 0.2078 0.1033 −33.5 0.1970 0.09841 −34.0 0.1867 0.09377 −34.5 0.1769 0.08934 −35.0 0.1676 0.08510 −35.5 0.1587 0.08104 −36.0 0.1503 0.07716 −36.5 0.1423 0.07345 −37.0 0.1347 0.06991 −37.5 0.1274 0.06652 −38.0 0.1206 0.06329 −38.5 0.1140 0.06020 −39.0 0.1078 0.05725 −39.5 0.1019 0.05443 −40.0 0.0963
0.05174 0.04918 0.04673 0.04439 0.04216 0.04004 0.03801 0.03608 0.03424 0.03249 0.03082 0.02923 0.02771 0.02627 0.02490 0.02359 0.02235 0.02116 0.02004 0.01897 0.01796 0.01699 0.01607 0.01520 0.01437 0.01359 0.01284
SOURCE: Formulation of Wagner, Saul, and Pruss, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23, 515 (1994), implemented in Harvey, Peskin, and Klein, NIST/ASME Steam Properties, NIST Standard Reference Database 10, Version 2.2, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md., 2000. This source provides data down to 190 K (−83.15 ºC). A formula extending to 110 K may be found in Murphy and Koop, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1539 (2005).
TABLE 2-4 Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Liquid Water from 0 to −40 ⬚C* Vapor pressure t, ºC mmHg 0 −0.5 −1.0 −1.5 −2.0 −2.5 −3.0 −3.5 −4.0 −4.5 −5.0 −5.5 −6.0 −6.5 −7.0 −7.5 −8.0 −8.5 −9.0 −9.5 −10.0 −10.5 −11.0 −11.5 −12.0 −12.5 −13.0
4.584 4.421 4.262 4.108 3.959 3.816 3.676 3.542 3.411 3.285 3.163 3.046 2.932 2.822 2.715 2.612 2.513 2.417 2.324 2.235 2.149 2.065 1.985 1.907 1.832 1.760 1.690
Vapor pressure
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable:
kPa
Vapor pressure
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
kPa
t, ºC
mmHg
kPa
0.6112 0.5894 0.5682 0.5477 0.5279 0.5087 0.4901 0.4722 0.4548 0.4380 0.4218 0.4061 0.3909 0.3762 0.3620 0.3483 0.3351 0.3223 0.3099 0.2980 0.2865 0.2753 0.2646 0.2542 0.2442 0.2346 0.2253
−13.5 −14.0 −14.5 −15.0 −15.5 −16.0 −16.5 −17.0 −17.5 −18.0 −18.5 −19.0 −19.5 −20.0 −20.5 −21.0 −21.5 −22.0 −22.5 −23.0 −23.5 −24.0 −24.5 −25.0 −25.5 −26.0 −26.5
1.623 1.558 1.495 1.435 1.377 1.321 1.267 1.215 1.165 1.117 1.070 1.026 0.9827 0.9414 0.9016 0.8633 0.8265 0.7911 0.7571 0.7244 0.6930 0.6628 0.6337 0.6059 0.5791 0.5534 0.5288
0.2163 0.2077 0.1993 0.1913 0.1836 0.1761 0.1689 0.1620 0.1553 0.1489 0.1427 0.1367 0.1310 0.1255 0.1202 0.1151 0.1102 0.1055 0.1009 0.0965 0.0923 0.08836 0.08449 0.08078 0.07721 0.07379 0.07050
−27.0 −27.5 −28.0 −28.5 −29.0 −29.5 −30.0 −30.5 −31.0 −31.5 −32.0 −32.5 −33.0 −33.5 −34.0 −34.5 −35.0 −35.5 −36.0 −36.5 −37.0 −37.5 −38.0 −38.5 −39.0 −39.5 −40.0
0.5051 0.4824 0.4606 0.4397 0.4197 0.4005 0.3820 0.3644 0.3475 0.3313 0.3158 0.3009 0.2867 0.2731 0.2600 0.2476 0.2356 0.2242 0.2133 0.2029 0.1929 0.1834 0.1743 0.1656 0.1573 0.1494 0.1419
0.06734 0.06431 0.06141 0.05862 0.05595 0.05339 0.05094 0.04858 0.04633 0.04417 0.04210 0.04012 0.03822 0.03640 0.03467 0.03300 0.03141 0.02989 0.02844 0.02705 0.02572 0.02445 0.02324 0.02208 0.02098 0.01992 0.01891
*SOURCE: Murphy and Koop, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 1539 (2005). The formula in the reference extends down to 123 K (-150.15 ºC), although in practice pure liquid water cannot be supercooled below about 235 K.
°F = 9⁄5 °C + 32. To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 0.01934. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Additional vapor-pressure data may be found in major thermodynamic property databases, such as those produced by the AIChE’s DIPPER program (www.aiche.org/dippr/), NIST’s Thermodynamics Research Center (trc.nist.gov), the Dortmund Databank (www.ddbst.de), and the Physical Property Data Service (www.ppds.co.uk). Additional sources include the NIST Chemistry Webbook (webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/); Boublik, Fried, and Hala, The Vapor Pressures of Pure Substances, 2d ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984; Poling, Prausnitz, and O’Connell, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 5th ed., McGrawHill, New York, 2001; Vapor Pressure of Chemicals (Subvolumes A, B, and C), vol. IV/20 in Landolt-Bornstein: Numerical Data nad Functional Relationships in Science and Technology—New Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999–2001. The most recent work on water may be found at The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam website http://iapws.org.
TABLE 2-5 Vapor Pressure (MPa) of Liquid Water from 0 to 100°C t, °C 0.01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Pvp, MPa
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
t, °C
Pvp, MPa
0.00061165 0.00065709 0.00070599 0.00075808 0.00081355 0.00087258 0.00093536 0.0010021 0.0010730 0.0011483 0.0012282 0.0013130 0.0014028 0.0014981 0.0015990 0.0017058 0.0018188 0.0019384 0.0020647 0.0021983 0.0023393 0.0024882 0.0026453 0.0028111 0.0029858 0.0031699 0.0033639 0.0035681 0.0037831 0.0040092 0.0042470 0.0044969 0.0047596 0.0050354
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67
0.0053251 0.0056290 0.0059479 0.0062823 0.0066328 0.0070002 0.0073849 0.0077878 0.0082096 0.0086508 0.0091124 0.0095950 0.010099 0.010627 0.011177 0.011752 0.012352 0.012978 0.013631 0.014312 0.015022 0.015762 0.016533 0.017336 0.018171 0.019041 0.019946 0.020888 0.021867 0.022885 0.023943 0.025042 0.026183 0.027368
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
0.028599 0.029876 0.031201 0.032575 0.034000 0.035478 0.037009 0.038595 0.040239 0.041941 0.043703 0.045527 0.047414 0.049367 0.051387 0.053476 0.055635 0.057867 0.060173 0.062556 0.065017 0.067558 0.070182 0.072890 0.075684 0.078568 0.081541 0.084608 0.087771 0.091030 0.094390 0.097852 0.10142
From E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems” in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http://webbook.nist.gov) and Wagner, W., and A., Pruss, “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2):387–535, 2002. The website mentioned above allows users to generate their own tables of thermodynamic properties. The user can select the units as well as the temperatures and/or pressures for which properties are to be generated. The results can be then be copied into spreadsheets or other files.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-49
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted by Chemical Family Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Paraffins Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane Undecane Dodecane Tridecane Tetradecane Pentadecane Hexadecane Heptadecane Octadecane Nonadecane Eicosane 2-Methylpropane 2-Methylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 2-Methylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane Cyclopropane Cyclobutane Cyclopentane Cyclohexane Methylcyclopentane Ethylcyclopentane Methylcyclohexane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclohexane
193 125 295 31 279 171 160 265 256 74 336 123 327 319 277 169 158 263 254 124 236 202 107 234 114 323 332 333 71 64 69 65 217 134 213 108 109 110 133
CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 C9H20 C10H22 C11H24 C12H26 C13H28 C14H30 C15H32 C16H34 C17H36 C18H38 C19H40 C20H42 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C3H6 C4H8 C5H10 C6H12 C6H12 C7H14 C7H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16
135 305 36 37 38 70 285 68 177 166 271 260 77 238 205 206 218 219 298 294 29 30 201
C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C5H8 C5H10 C6H10 C6H12 C7H14 C8H16 C9H18 C10H20 C4H8 C5H10 C5H10 C6H10 C6H10 C9H14 C3H4 C4H6 C4H6 C5H8
7 43 288 289 178 180 181 168
C2H2 C4H6 C5H8 C5H8 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C7H12
Olefins Ethylene Propylene 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Cyclopentene 1-Pentene Cyclohexene 1-Hexene 1-Heptene 1-Octene 1-Nonene 1-Decene 2-Methyl propene 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Propenylcyclohexene Propadiene 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene Acetylenes Acetylene 1-Butyne 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne 3-Hexyne 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne 1-Heptyne
Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Acetylenes 1-Octyne 1-Nonyne 1-Decyne Methyl acetylene Vinyl acetylene Dimethyl acetylene 2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne 3-Methyl-1-butyne
273 262 79 197 339 105 207 210
C8H14 C9H16 C10H18 C3H4 C4H4 C4H6 C5H6 C5H8
16 325 312 129 343 344 345 243 62 304 330 331 246 321 40 24 290 318
C6H6 C7H8 C8H8 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C9H10 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C10H8 C10H12 C10H14 C12H10 C14H10 C18H14
153 1 299 44 278 170 159 264 255 73
CH2O C2H4O C3H6O C4H8O C5H10O C6H12O C7H14O C8H16O C9H18O C10H20O
8 5 222 229 283 284 310 67 144 175 176 226 102 164 165 269 270 20
C3H4O C3H6O C4H8O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C6H4O2 C6H10O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C8H16O C8H16O C13H10O
156 324 320 322
C4H4O C4H4S C4H8O C4H8S
14 25 52 80 149
Ar Br2 Cl2 D2 F2
Aromatics Benzene Toluene Styrene Ethylbenzene m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene alpha-Methyl styrene Cumene Propylbenzene 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Naphthalene 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Butylbenzene Biphenyl Phenanthrene o-Terphenyl Aldehydes Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Propionaldehyde Butyraldehyde Pentanal Hexanal Heptanal Octanal Nonanal Decanal Ketones Acrolein Acetone Methylethyl ketone Methylisopropyl ketone 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone Quinone Cyclohexanone Ethylisopropyl ketone 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone Methylisobutyl ketone Diisopropyl ketone 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 2-Octanone 3-Octanone Benzophenone Heterocyclics Furan Thiophene Tetrahydrofuran Tetrahydrothiophene Elements Argon Bromine Chlorine Deuterium Fluorine
2-50
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted by Chemical Family (Continued) Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Elements Hydrogen Helium-4 Nitrogen Neon Oxygen
183 157 249 247 275
H2 He N2 Ne O2
194 126 296 297 34 35 281 282 66 173 174 162 163 267 268 258 259 76 337 237 204 21 214 215 216 137 309 32 33
CH4O C2H6O C3H8O C3H8O C4H10O C4H10O C5H12O C5H12O C6H12O C6H14O C6H14O C7H16O C7H16O C8H18O C8H18O C9H20O C9H20O C10H22O C11H24O C4H10O C5H12O C7H8O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C2H6O2 C3H8O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2
291 59 60 61
C6H6O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O
112 245 221 120 95 240 228 103 208 225 244 147 143 104 101 235 13 84 142 22 121
C2H6O C3H6O C3H8O C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C7H8O C8H18O C8H18O C9H12O C12H10O
155 274 3 9 191 300
CH2O2 C2H2O4 C2H4O2 C3H4O2 C3H4O4 C3H6O2
Alcohols Methanol Ethanol 1-Propanol 2-Propanol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol Cyclohexanol 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Decanol 1-Undecanol 2-Methyl-2-propanol 3-Methyl-1-butanol Benzyl alcohol 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Ethylene glycol 1,2-Propylene glycol 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol Phenols Phenol m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Ethers Dimethyl ether Methyl vinyl ether Methylethyl ether 1,4-Dioxane Diethyl ether Methylpropyl ether Methylisopropyl ether 1,1-Dimethoxyethane Methylbutyl ether Methylisobutyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether Ethylpropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Di-isopropyl ether Methyl pentyl ether Anisole Dibutyl ether Ethylhexyl ether Benzyl ethyl ether Diphenyl ether Acids Formic acid Oxalic acid Acetic acid Acrylic acid Malonic acid Propionic acid
Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
Methacrylic acid Acetic anhydride Succinic acid Butyric acid Isobutyric acid 2-Methylbutanoic acid Pentanoic acid 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Hexanoic acid Benzoic acid Heptanoic acid Phthalic anhydride Terephthalic acid 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Octanoic acid 2-Methyloctanoic acid Nonanoic acid Decanoic acid
192 4 313 45 189 203 280 131 172 18 161 293 317 141 266 233 257 75
C4H6O2 C4H6O3 C4H6O4 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C7H6O2 C7H14O2 C8H4O3 C8H6O4 C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C10H20O2
224 140 196 198 338 127 239 306 232 146 211 302 39 132 200 130 115 119
C2H4O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H8O2 C9H10O2 C10H10O4 C10H10O4
199 138 106 128 136 190 303 329 94 93 100 122 328
CH5N C2H5N C2H7N C2H7N C2H8N2 C3H9N C3H9N C3H9N C4H11N C4H11NO2 C6H15N C6H15N C6H15N
154 2 113 195 15
CH3NO C2H5NO C3H7NO C3H7NO C7H7NO
6 63 10 301 46 19
C2H3N C2N2 C3H3N C3H5N C4H7N C7H5N
251 248
CH3NO2 C2H5NO2
Acids
Esters Methyl formate Ethyl formate Methyl acetate Methyl acrylate Vinyl acetate Ethyl acetate Methyl propionate Propyl formate Methyl methacrylate Ethyl propionate Methyl butyrate Propyl acetate Butyl acetate Ethyl butyrate Methyl benzoate Ethyl benzoate Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl terephthalate Amines Methyl amine Ethyleneimine Dimethyl amine Ethyl amine Ethylenediamine Isopropyl amine Propyl amine Trimethyl amine Diethyl amine Diethanol amine Di-isopropyl amine Dipropyl amine Triethyl amine Amides Formamide Acetamide N,N-Dimethyl formamide N-Methyl acetamide Benzamide Nitriles Acetonitrile Cyanogen Acrylonitrile Propionitrile Butyronitrile Benzonitrile Nitro Compounds Nitromethane Nitroethane
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-51
TABLE 2-6 Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Sorted by Chemical Family (Concluded) Name
Cmpd. No.
Formula
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
334 335
C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6
227 292
C2H3NO C7H5NO
231 145 308 307 41 42 287 286 17 72 179 23 167 272 261 78
CH4S C2H6S C3H8S C3H8S C4H10S C4H10S C5H12S C5H12S C6H6S C6H12S C6H14S C7H8S C7H16S C8H18S C9H20S C10H22S
117 111 223 96 230 241 209
C2H6S C2H6S2 C3H8S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C5H12S
50 51 55 83 90 99 28 56 152 340 326 81 82 88
CCl4 CF4 CHCl3 CH2Br2 CH2Cl2 CH2F2 CH3Br CH3Cl CH3F C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Cl2
Isocyanates Methyl isocyanate Phenyl isocyanate Mercaptans Methyl mercaptan Ethyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 2-Propyl mercaptan Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 2-Pentyl mercaptan Benzenethiol Cyclohexyl mercaptan Hexyl mercaptan Benzyl mercaptan Heptyl mercaptan Octyl mercaptan Nonyl mercaptan Decyl mercaptan Sulfides Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl disulfide Methylethyl sulfide Diethyl sulfide Methylisopropyl sulfide Methylpropyl sulfide Methylbutyl sulfide
Cmpd. No.
Formula
1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Bromoethane Chloroethane Fluoroethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene Bromobenzene Chlorobenzene Fluorobenzene
89 97 98 27 54 151 91 92 57 58 85 86 87 26 53 150
C2H4Cl2 C2H4F2 C2H4F2 C2H5Br C2H5Cl C2H5F C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H5Br C6H5Cl C6H5F
242 212 220 341 148 116 311
CH6Si CH5ClSi CH4Cl2Si C2H3Cl3Si C2H5Cl3Si C2H8Si F4Si
186 49 47 48 250 315 184 185 187 188 12 182 253 252 314 276 316
CHN CO CO2 CS2 F3N F6S HBr HCl HF H2S H3N H4N2 NO N2O O2S O3 O3S
11 139 118 342
Mixture C2H4O C2H6OS H2O
Silanes Methylsilane Methylchlorosilane Methyldichlorosilane Vinyl trichlorosilane Ethyltrichlorosilane Dimethylsilane Silicon tetrafluoride Light Gases
Halogenated Hydrocarbons Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chloroform Dibromomethane Dichloromethane Difluoromethane Bromomethane Chloromethane Fluoromethane Vinyl chloride 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane 1,1-Dichloroethane
Name Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Nitro Compounds
Hydrogen cyanide Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Nitrogen trifluoride Sulfur hexafluoride Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Ammonia Hydrazine Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Sulfur dioxide Ozone Sulfur trioxide Others Air Ethylene oxide Dimethyl sulfoxide Water
2-52
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
Ar Br2 CCl4 CF4 CHCl3 CHN CH2Br2 CH2Cl2 CH2F2 CH2O CH2O2 CH3Br CH3Cl CH3F CH3NO CH3NO2 CH4 CH4Cl2Si CH4O CH4S CH5ClSi CH5N CH6Si CO CO2 CS2 C2H2 C2H2O4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3 C2H3Cl3Si C2H3N C2H3NO C2H4 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4F2 C2H4F2 C2H4O C2H4O C2H4O2 C2H4O2 C2H5Br C2H5Cl C2H5Cl3Si C2H5F C2H5N C2H5NO C2H5NO2 C2H6 C2H6O C2H6O C2H6O2 C2H6OS C2H6S C2H6S C2H6S2 C2H7N C2H7N C2H8N2 C2H8Si C2N2 C3H3N C3H4 C3H4 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H4O4 C3H5N C3H6 C3H6 C3H6Cl2
11 14 25 50 51 55 186 83 90 99 153 155 28 56 152 154 251 193 220 194 231 212 199 242 49 47 48 7 274 340 326 341 6 227 135 81 82 88 89 97 98 1 139 3 224 27 54 148 151 138 2 248 125 112 126 137 118 117 145 111 106 128 136 116 63 10 197 294 8 9 191 301 71 305 91
Air Argon Bromine Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chloroform Hydrogen cyanide Dibromomethane Dichloromethane Difluoromethane Formaldehyde Formic acid Bromomethane Chloromethane Fluoromethane Formamide Nitromethane Methane Methyldichlorosilane Methanol Methyl mercaptan Methylchlorosilane Methyl amine Methylsilane Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Acetylene Oxalic acid Vinyl chloride 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Vinyl trichlorosilane Acetonitrile Methyl Isocyanate Ethylene 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Acetaldehyde Ethylene oxide Acetic acid Methyl formate Bromoethane Chloroethane Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluoroethane Ethyleneimine Acetamide Nitroethane Ethane Dimethyl ether Ethanol Ethylene glycol Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl sulfide Ethyl mercaptan Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl amine Ethyl amine Ethylenediamine Dimethylsilane Cyanogen Acrylonitrile Methyl acetylene Propadiene Acrolein Acrylic acid Malonic acid Propionitrile Cyclopropane Propylene 1,1-Dichloropropane
C3H6Cl2 C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C3H7NO C3H7NO C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C3H8O C3H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8S C3H9N C3H9N C3H9N C4H4 C4H4O C4H4S C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O3 C4H6O4 C4H7N C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8S C4H10 C4H10 C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H11N C4H11NO2 C5H6 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8O2
92 5 245 299 140 196 300 57 58 113 195 295 221 296 297 309 223 308 307 190 303 329 339 156 324 29 30 43 105 192 198 338 4 313 46 36 37 38 64 238 44 222 320 45 120 127 189 239 306 322 31 236 34 35 95 237 240 228 32 33 103 41 42 96 230 241 94 93 207 70 201 210 288 289 232
1,2-Dichloropropane Acetone Methyl vinyl ether Propionaldehyde Ethyl formate Methyl acetate Propionic acid 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane N,N-Dimethyl formamide N-Methyl acetamide Propane Methylethyl ether 1-Propanol 2-Propanol 1,2-Propylene glycol Methylethyl sulfide Propyl mercaptan 2-Propyl mercaptan Isopropyl amine Propyl amine Trimethyl amine Vinyl acetylene Furan Thiophene 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene 1-Butyne Dimethyl acetylene Methacrylic acid Methyl acrylate Vinyl acetate Acetic anhydride Succinic acid Butyronitrile 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Cyclobutane 2-Methyl propene Butyraldehyde Methylethyl ketone Tetrahydrofuran Butyric acid 1,4-Dioxane Ethyl acetate Isobutyric acid Methyl propionate Propyl formate Tetrahydrothiophene Butane 2-Methylpropane 1-Butanol 2-Butanol Diethyl ether 2-Methyl-2-propanol Methylpropyl ether Methylisopropyl ether 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1,1-Dimethoxyethane Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan Diethyl sulfide Methylisopropyl sulfide Methylpropyl sulfide Diethyl amine Diethanol amine 2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne Cyclopentene 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 3-Methyl-1-butyne 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Methyl methacrylate
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
2-53
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 (Continued) Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H12 C5H12 C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O2 C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C6H3N3O6 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4O2 C6H5Br C6H5Cl C6H5F C6H6 C6H6O C6H6S C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10O C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12S C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14S C6H15N C6H15N C6H15N C7H5N C7H5N3O6 C7H5NO C7H6O2 C7H7NO
69 205 206 285 229 278 283 284 146 203 211 280 302 202 279 143 147 204 208 225 244 281 282 104 209 286 287 334 85 86 87 310 26 53 150 16 291 17 218 68 178 180 181 219 67 65 177 217 66 144 170 175 176 226 39 131 132 172 72 107 171 234 101 173 174 235 179 100 122 328 19 335 292 18 15
Cyclopentane 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 1-Pentene Methylisopropyl ketone Pentanal 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone Ethyl propionate 2-Methylbutanoic acid Methyl butyrate Pentanoic acid Propyl acetate 2-Methylbutane Pentane Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylpropyl ether 3-Methyl-1-butanol Methylbutyl ether Methylisobutyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Methylbutyl sulfide 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene Quinone Bromobenzene Chlorobenzene Fluorobenzene Benzene Phenol Benzenethiol 1-Methylcyclopentene Cyclohexene 3-Hexyne 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne 3-Methylcyclopentene Cyclohexanone Cyclohexane 1-Hexene Methylcyclopentane Cyclohexanol Ethylisopropyl ketone Hexanal 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone Methylisobutyl ketone Butyl acetate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Hexanoic acid Cyclohexyl mercaptan 2,3-Dimethylbutane Hexane 2-Methylpentane Di-isopropyl ether 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol Methyl pentyl ether Hexyl mercaptan Di-isopropyl amine Dipropyl amine Triethyl amine Benzonitrile 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Phenyl isocyanate Benzoic acid Benzamide
C7H8 C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8S C7H12 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O2 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16O C7H16O C7H16S C8H4O3 C8H6O4 C8H8 C8H8O2 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18S C9H10 C9H10O2 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12O C9H14 C9H16 C9H18 C9H18O C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C9H20 C9H20O C9H20O C9H20S C10H8 C10H10O4 C10H10O4 C10H12 C10H14 C10H18
325 13 21 59 60 61 23 168 134 166 213 102 159 164 165 214 215 216 161 114 160 162 163 167 293 317 312 200 129 343 344 345 273 108 109 110 133 271 264 269 270 141 266 265 323 332 333 84 142 267 268 272 243 130 62 304 330 331 22 298 262 260 255 233 257 256 258 259 261 246 115 119 321 40 79
Toluene Anisole Benzyl alcohol m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Benzyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Ethylcyclopentane 1-Heptene Methylcyclohexane Di-isopropyl ketone Heptanal 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Heptanoic acid 2,3-Dimethylpentane Heptane 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol Heptyl mercaptan Phthalic anhydride Terephthalic acid Styrene Methyl benzoate Ethylbenzene m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene 1-Octyne 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclohexane 1-Octene Octanal 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Octanoic acid Octane 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane Dibutyl ether Ethylhexyl ether 1-Octanol 2-Octanol Octyl mercaptan alpha-Methyl styrene Ethyl benzoate Cumene Propylbenzene 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene Benzyl ethyl ether Propenylcyclohexene 1-Nonyne 1-Nonene Nonanal 2-Methyloctanoic acid Nonanoic acid Nonane 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol Nonyl mercaptan Naphthalene Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl terephthalate 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Butylbenzene 1-Decyne
2-54
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-7 Formula Index of Substances in Tables 2-8, 2-32, 2-141, 2-150, 2-153, 2-155, 2-156, 2-179, 2-312, 2-313, 2-314, and 2-315 (Concluded) Formula
No.
Name
Formula
No.
Name
C10H20 C10H20O C10H20O2 C10H22 C10H22O C10H22S C11H24 C11H24O C12H10 C12H10O C12H26 C13H10O C13H28 C14H10 C14H30 C15H32 C16H34 C17H36 C18H14 C18H38 C19H40 C20H42 Cl2
77 73 75 74 76 78 336 337 24 121 123 20 327 290 319 277 169 158 318 263 254 124 52
1-Decene Decanal Decanoic acid Decane 1-Decanol Decyl mercaptan Undecane 1-Undecanol Biphenyl Diphenyl ether Dodecane Benzophenone Tridecane Phenanthrene Tetradecane Pentadecane Hexadecane Heptadecane o-Terphenyl Octadecane Nonadecane Eicosane Chlorine
D2 F2 F3N F4Si F6S HBr HCl HF H2 H2O H2S H3N H4N2 He NO N2 N2O Ne O2 O2S O3 O3S
80 149 250 311 315 184 185 187 183 342 188 12 182 157 253 249 252 247 275 314 276 316
Deuterium Fluorine Nitrogen trifluoride Silicon tetrafluoride Sulfur hexafluoride Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen Water Hydrogen sulfide Ammonia Hydrazine Helium-4 Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Neon Oxygen Sulfur dioxide Ozone Sulfur trioxide
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa
2-55
No.
Name
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia Anisole Argon Benzamide Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane m-Cresol o-Cresol
Formula C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H 3N C7H8O Ar C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C7H8O C7H8O
CAS no. 75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 7440-37-1 55-21-0 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6 108-39-4 95-48-7
C1 193.69 125.81 53.27 100.95 69.006 58.302 39.63 138.4 46.745 87.604 21.662 90.483 128.06 42.127 85.474 83.107 77.765 88.513 138.5 88.404 100.68 68.541 118.02 77.314 108.26 63.749 62.217 72.586 39.714 75.572 66.343 103.28 123.22 106.295 114.68 51.836 72.541 71.704 122.82 101.22 65.382 60.649 77.004 99.33 93.815 66.32 140.54 67.114 45.698 78.441 61.89 71.334 54.144 65.988 146.43 64.697 79.24 46.854 95.403 210.88
C2 −8,036.7 −12,376 −6,304.5 −8,873.2 −5,599.6 −5,385.6 −2,552.2 −7,122.7 −6,587.1 −6,392.7 −692.39 −4,669.7 −9,307.7 −1,093.1 −11,932 −6,486.2 −8,455.1 −11,829 −11,195 −11,769 −11,059 −7,886.2 −10,527 −9,910.4 −6,592 −7,130.2 −5,113.3 −4,698.6 −3,769.9 −4,621.9 −4,363.2 −11,548 −12,620 −9,866.4 −9,850.2 −4,019.2 −4,691.2 −4,563.1 −9,253.2 −9,255.4 −6,262.4 −5,785.9 −5,054.5 −7,083.6 −9,942.2 −6,714.9 −4,735 −4,820.4 −1,076.6 −6,128.1 −2,296.3 −3,855 −6,244.4 −4,661.3 −7,792.3 −4,048.1 −5,718.8 −4,445.5 −10,581 −13,928
C3 −29.502 −14.589 −4.2985 −11.451 −7.0985 −5.4954 −2.78 −19.638 −3.2208 −10.101 −0.392 −11.607 −16.693 −4.1425 −8.3348 −9.2194 −7.7404 −8.6826 −17.085 −8.9014 −10.709 −6.5804 −13.91 −7.5079 −14.16 −5.879 −5.9761 −7.9966 −2.6407 −8.5323 −7.046 −10.925 −13.986 −11.655 −12.963 −4.5229 −7.9776 −7.9053 −14.99 −11.538 −6.2585 −5.6113 −8.5665 −11.733 −9.8019 −6.3087 −21.268 −7.5303 −4.8814 −8.5766 −7.086 −8.5171 −4.5343 −6.8586 −20.614 −6.8066 −8.789 −3.6533 −10.004 −29.483
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
4.3678E-02 5.0824E-06 8.8865E-18 6.1316E-06 6.2237E-06 5.3634E-06 2.3930E-16 2.6447E-02 5.2253E-07 1.0891E-05 4.7574E-03 1.7194E-02 1.4919E-02 5.7254E-05 1.2850E-18 6.9844E-06 4.3089E-18 2.3248E-19 9.5641E-06 1.9334E-18 3.0582E-18 2.4285E-06 6.4794E-06 2.2385E-18 1.6043E-02 5.2136E-18 4.7174E-17 1.1553E-05 6.9379E-18 1.2269E-05 9.4509E-06 4.2560E-18 3.9260E-06 1.0832E-17 1.8738E-17 4.8833E-17 1.0368E-05 1.1319E-05 1.0470E-05 5.9208E-06 1.4943E-17 1.5877E-17 1.0161E-05 1.0027E-05 9.3124E-18 1.3516E-17 4.0909E-02 9.1695E-03 7.5673E-05 6.8465E-06 3.4687E-05 1.2378E-02 4.7030E-18 7.9404E-06 2.4578E-02 1.0371E-05 8.4486E-06 1.3260E-17 4.3032E-18 2.5182E-02
1 2 6 2 2 2 6 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 6 2 6 6 2 6 6 2 2 6 1 6 6 2 6 2 2 6 2 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 6 6 1 1 2 2 2 1 6 2 1 2 2 6 6 1
150.15 353.33 289.81 200.15 178.45 229.32 192.4 185.45 286.15 189.63 59.15 195.41 235.65 83.78 403 278.68 258.27 395.45 260.4 321.35 257.85 275.65 243.95 342.2 265.85 242.43 154.55 179.47 136.95 164.25 134.86 220 196.15 183.85 158.45 87.8 134.26 167.62 199.65 185.3 157.46 133.02 147.43 176.75 267.95 161.25 216.58 161.11 68.15 250.33 89.56 172.12 227.95 134.8 207.15 175.43 150.35 155.97 285.39 304.19
3.23E−01 3.36E+02 1.28E+03 2.20E−02 2.79E+00 1.87E+02 1.27E+05 1.03E+01 2.57E+02 3.68E+00 5.64E+03 6.11E+03 2.45E+00 6.87E+04 3.55E+02 4.76E+03 7.68E+00 7.96E+02 3.08E+00 1.49E+00 1.88E−01 2.31E+01 2.98E−01 9.42E+01 5.85E+03 7.84E+00 3.72E−01 1.95E+02 4.47E−01 6.92E+01 6.74E−01 2.93E−04 3.74E−07 2.90E−04 1.95E−06 6.94E−07 2.72E−01 7.45E+01 8.17E−02 1.54E−04 2.35E−03 3.40E−05 1.18E+00 3.17E−01 6.78E+00 6.18E−04 5.19E+05 1.49E+00 1.54E+04 1.12E+03 1.08E+02 1.37E+03 8.45E+00 1.25E−01 5.25E+01 8.71E+02 6.96E−02 9.08E−01 5.86E+00 6.53E+01
466 761 591.95 606 508.2 545.5 308.3 506 615 535 132.45 405.65 645.6 150.86 824 562.05 689 751 699.35 830 720.15 662 718 773 584.15 670.15 503.8 467 452 425 425.12 680 676 563.1 535.9 419.5 435.5 428.6 575.4 660.5 570.1 554 440 537.2 615.7 582.25 304.21 552 132.92 556.35 227.51 417.15 632.35 460.35 536.4 416.25 503.15 489 705.85 697.55
5.565E+06 6.569E+06 5.739E+06 3.970E+06 4.709E+06 4.852E+06 6.106E+06 5.020E+06 5.661E+06 4.480E+06 3.793E+06 1.130E+07 4.273E+06 4.896E+06 5.047E+06 4.875E+06 4.728E+06 4.469E+06 4.243E+06 3.357E+06 4.372E+06 3.113E+06 4.074E+06 3.407E+06 1.028E+07 4.520E+06 6.290E+06 7.997E+06 4.361E+06 4.303E+06 3.770E+06 5.202E+06 4.033E+06 4.401E+06 4.182E+06 4.021E+06 4.238E+06 4.100E+06 3.087E+06 2.882E+06 3.973E+06 4.060E+06 4.599E+06 4.323E+06 4.071E+06 3.787E+06 7.390E+06 8.041E+06 3.494E+06 4.544E+06 3.742E+06 7.793E+06 4.529E+06 5.327E+06 5.554E+06 6.691E+06 4.581E+06 4.510E+06 4.522E+06 5.058E+06
2-56
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa (Continued)
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
C1
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane
C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8 C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2
106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0 110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6 75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1
118.53 102.81 81.565 85.899 51.087 189.19 85.424 88.184 66.341 67.952 40.608 85.146 201.64 112.73 123.36 156.239 68.401 91.91 142.94 18.947 62.711 43.751 86.295 72.227 53.187 77.105 88.31 66.611 92.355 101.6 83.495 65.955 106.38 49.314 136.9 46.705 73.491 84.625 69.132 462.84 41.631 50.868 53.637 62.097 66.592 71.738 77.161 81.184 78.952 78.429 81.045 44.704 82.762 78.335 72.517 63.08 84.39 56.273 43.541 44.494
C2 −11,957 −8,674.6 −4,808.9 −4,884.4 −5,226.4 −14,337 −7,944.4 −6,624.9 −5,198.5 −5,187.5 −3,179.6 −7,843.7 −15,133 −9,749.6 −14,680 −15,212 −7,776.9 −10,565 −11,119 −154.47 −6,503.5 −5,587.7 −7,010.3 −7,537.6 −6,827.5 −8,111.1 −8,463.4 −5,493.1 −6,920.4 −6,541.6 −6,661.4 −6,015.6 −13,714 −4,949 −6,954.3 −5,177.4 −4,385.9 −5,217.4 −3,847.7 −18,227 −4,668.7 −6,036.5 −5,251.2 −6,174.9 −4,999.8 −5,302 −5,691.1 −6,927 −7,075.4 −6,882.1 −6,941.3 −3,525.6 −7,955.5 −6,348.7 −10,415 −4,062.3 −5,740.6 −7,620.6 −8,204.8 −5,406.7
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
−13.293 −11.922 −9.3748 −10.883 −4.2278 −24.148 −9.2862 −10.059 −6.8103 −7.0785 −2.8937 −9.2982 −26.264 −13.245 −13.474 −18.424 −6.4637 −9.5957 −17.818 −0.5723 −5.7669 −3.0891 −9.5972 −7.0596 −4.3233 −7.8886 −9.6308 −6.7301 −10.651 −12.247 −9.2386 −6.5509 −11.06 −3.9256 −19.254 −3.5985 −8.1851 −9.871 −7.5868 −73.734 −2.8551 −4.066 −4.5649 −5.715 −6.8387 −7.3324 −8.501 −8.8498 −8.4344 −8.4129 −8.777 −3.4444 −8.8038 −8.5105 −6.755 −6.425 −9.6454 −4.6279 −2.7519 −3.1287
8.6988E-18 7.0048E-06 1.3901E-05 1.4934E-02 9.7554E-18 1.0740E-05 4.9957E-06 8.2566E-06 6.1930E-06 6.8165E-06 5.6131E-17 5.1788E-06 1.4625E-05 7.1266E-06 1.9491E-18 8.5006E-18 6.3750E-18 5.7028E-18 1.1020E-05 3.8899E-02 1.0427E-06 8.2664E-07 6.7794E-06 9.1442E-18 2.3112E-18 2.7267E-06 4.5833E-06 5.3579E-06 9.1426E-06 1.2311E-05 6.7652E-06 4.3172E-06 3.2645E-18 9.1978E-18 2.4508E-02 1.7147E-06 1.2978E-05 1.3050E-05 1.5065E-05 9.2794E-02 6.3693E-04 1.1326E-06 1.6754E-17 1.2323E-17 6.6793E-06 6.4200E-17 8.0325E-06 5.4580E-06 4.5035E-06 4.9831E-06 5.5501E-06 5.4574E-17 4.2431E-06 6.4311E-06 1.3269E-06 1.5115E-16 1.0073E-05 4.3819E-07 1.0466E-18 2.8913E-18
6 2 2 1 6 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 2 1 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 6 6 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 6 2 2 6 6
307.93 177.14 245.25 182.48 279.69 296.6 242 169.67 179.28 138.13 145.59 189.64 267.15 243.51 304.55 280.05 206.89 247.56 229.15 18.73 210.15 282.85 220.6 175.3 248.39 256.15 326.14 176.19 237.49 178.01 200 172.71 301.15 223.35 156.85 169.20 154.56 215 136.95 176.85 187.65 204.81 159.95 226.1 240.91 180.96 145.19 239.66 223.16 184.99 188.44 131.65 212.72 160 274.18 122.93 174.88 291.67 413.8 284.95
3.45E+01 4.71E−04 7.39E+04 1.80E+02 5.36E+03 7.65E+01 6.80E+00 1.04E−01 9.07E+00 1.28E−02 7.80E+01 8.24E−03 4.86E−01 1.39E+00 1.50E−01 1.51E−01 2.59E−02 2.59E−02 1.60E−01 1.72E+04 2.64E+00 7.53E+02 2.13E+01 7.14E−04 6.41E+00 6.49E+00 1.23E+03 2.21E+00 2.37E+02 5.93E+00 4.52E+00 8.25E−02 1.02E−01 3.74E+02 3.95E−01 9.93E−02 6.45E+01 2.83E+03 5.43E+01 4.47E−03 6.86E+00 8.21E−01 9.45E−02 4.50E+01 6.12E+03 7.56E+01 1.52E−02 6.06E+01 6.41E+00 8.04E−02 2.07E−01 3.05E+00 1.95E−01 1.26E−02 3.72E−02 4.15E−01 7.86E+00 5.02E+01 1.26E+03 2.53E+03
704.65 631 400.15 459.93 553.8 650.1 653 560.4 511.7 507 398 664 674.2 617.7 722.1 688 616.6 696 619.85 38.35 628 650.15 611 584.1 683.95 705 684.75 523 561.6 510 560 572 736.6 496.6 466.7 557.15 386.44 445 351.255 523.1 500.05 576 507.8 543 473.2 437.2 500 591.15 606.15 596.15 615 400.1 649.6 537.3 766 402 503.04 729 772 587
5.151E+06 3.226E+06 5.961E+06 4.991E+06 4.094E+06 4.265E+06 3.989E+06 4.392E+06 4.513E+06 4.799E+06 5.494E+06 3.970E+06 2.599E+06 2.091E+06 2.233E+06 2.309E+06 2.223E+06 2.130E+06 2.363E+06 1.663E+06 6.034E+06 5.375E+06 7.170E+06 2.459E+06 4.070E+06 4.074E+06 4.070E+06 5.106E+06 5.318E+06 6.093E+06 4.239E+06 4.232E+06 4.260E+06 3.674E+06 3.641E+06 3.961E+06 4.507E+06 4.372E+06 5.760E+06 3.199E+06 2.869E+06 3.017E+06 3.773E+06 3.447E+06 4.870E+06 5.258E+06 3.130E+06 2.939E+06 2.939E+06 2.938E+06 5.363E+06 5.274E+06 4.365E+06 2.882E+06 2.780E+06 3.561E+06 5.533E+06 5.648E+06 2.778E+06 5.158E+06
2-57
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183
Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine Dodecane Eicosane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Helium-4 Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene 3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne Hydrazine Hydrogen
C12H10O C6H15N C12H26 C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2 C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O He C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12 C6H10 C6H14S C6H10 C6H10 H4N2 H2
101-84-8 142-84-7 112-40-3 112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4 149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6 928-49-4 111-31-9 693-02-7 764-35-2 302-01-2 1333-74-0
59.969 54 137.47 203.66 51.857 73.304 66.824 81.56 89.063 52.923 90.464 57.661 80.208 88.671 53.963 73.51 84.09 66.51 91.944 73.833 117.52 77.523 57.723 57.459 65.551 105.64 86.898 62.614 42.393 51.915 56.639 59.123 101.51 100.3 50.323 74.738 11.533 156.95 92.252 87.829 120.47 147.41 124.23 78.463 75.494 65.922 79.858 59.083 156.06 81.507 104.65 114.05 135.421 109.42 107.44 73.155 51.024 47.091 68.467 133.2 123.71 76.858 12.69
−8,585.5 −6,018.5 −11,976 −19,441 −2,598.7 −7,122.3 −6,227.6 −5,596.9 −7,733.7 −7,531.7 −10,243 −6,346.5 −7,203.2 −7,012.7 −2,443 −7,572.7 −10,411 −6,019.2 −5,293.4 −5,817 −12,991 −7,978.8 −5,236.9 −6,356.8 −5,027.4 −8,007 −6,646.4 −6,148.2 −1,103.3 −5,439 −3,576.5 −3,043.7 −4,917.2 −10,763 −5,378.2 −5,417 −8.99 −15,557 −8,349 −6,996.4 −13,106 −13,466 −11,637 −8,077.2 −7,896.5 −6,189 −8,501.8 −6,031.8 −15,015 −7,776.8 −6,995.5 −12,332 −12,288 −10,449 −8,528.6 −7,242.9 −4,986.4 −5,104 −7,390.5 −7,492.9 −7,639 −7,245.2 −94.896
−5.1538 −4.4981 −16.698 −25.525 −5.1283 −7.1424 −6.41 −9.0779 −9.917 −4.2347 −9.2836 −5.032 −8.6023 −10.045 −5.5643 −7.1435 −8.1976 −6.3332 −11.682 −7.809 −12.895 −7.7757 −5.2136 −4.9545 −6.6853 −12.477 −9.5758 −5.84 −4.1203 −4.2896 −5.5801 −6.1845 −13.765 −10.946 −4.203 −8.0636 0.6724 −18.966 −10.274 −9.8802 −13.31 −17.353 −14.148 −7.9062 −7.5047 −6.3629 −8.1043 −5.3072 −18.941 −8.4516 −12.702 −12.45 −15.732 −12.051 −12.679 −7.2569 −4.2463 −3.6371 −6.5456 −18.405 −16.451 −8.22 1.1125
1.9983E-18 9.9684E-18 8.0906E-06 8.8382E-06 1.4913E-05 2.8853E-06 1.7914E-17 8.7920E-06 5.9860E-06 1.1835E-06 5.2573E-18 8.2534E-18 4.5901E-06 7.4578E-06 1.9079E-05 1.2124E-17 1.6536E-18 1.0394E-17 1.4902E-02 6.3200E-06 6.1306E-18 1.0076E-17 2.2998E-17 5.2015E-18 6.3208E-06 9.0000E-06 5.9615E-17 1.0900E-17 5.7815E-05 8.7527E-18 9.8969E-06 1.6637E-05 2.2031E-02 3.8503E-06 3.4697E-06 7.4700E-06 2.7430E-01 6.4559E-06 5.9252E-06 7.2099E-06 5.8384E-18 1.1284E-17 6.9486E-17 8.0521E-18 8.9130E-18 2.0091E-17 8.1501E-18 1.4357E-17 6.8172E-06 1.5143E-17 1.2381E-05 5.6253E-18 1.2701E-17 2.6122E-46 8.4606E-06 1.2741E-17 1.6768E-17 5.1621E-04 7.7611E-18 2.2062E-02 1.6495E-02 6.1557E-03 3.2915E-04
6 6 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 6 6 2 2 2 6 6 6 1 2 6 6 6 6 2 2 6 6 2 6 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 6 6 5.7 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 2 6 6 16 2 6 6 1 6 1 1 1 2
300.03 210.15 263.57 309.58 90.35 159.05 189.6 192.15 178.2 238.45 258.15 175.15 161.84 134.71 104 284.29 260.15 195.2 160.65 193.55 235 180 140 204.15 125.26 199.25 145.65 167.55 53.48 230.94 129.95 131.35 181.15 275.6 281.45 187.55 1.76 295.13 229.8 182.57 265.83 239.15 230 234.15 238.15 154.12 229.92 192.22 291.31 217.15 177.83 269.25 228.55 223 217.35 217.5 133.39 170.05 192.62 141.25 183.65 274.69 13.95
7.09E+00 3.69E+00 6.15E−01 9.26E−03 1.13E+00 4.96E−04 1.43E+00 1.52E+02 3.91E−03 1.69E−01 4.63E−01 1.04E−02 3.57E−04 3.71E−06 1.26E+02 6.78E+02 2.19E−01 9.71E+00 7.79E+00 1.81E+01 2.86E−04 7.60E−04 4.31E−03 9.70E−01 1.14E−03 7.80E−01 1.61E−03 1.85E−02 2.53E+02 1.51E+02 8.37E+00 4.33E+02 8.87E+02 1.04E+00 2.40E+03 5.00E+01 1.46E+03 4.65E−02 1.45E+00 1.83E−01 4.34E−02 1.95E−02 3.68E−02 2.30E+00 3.54E+00 1.86E−03 3.05E−01 8.15E−01 9.23E−02 1.25E+00 9.02E−01 2.43E−01 2.25E−02 7.44E−02 1.45E+00 2.22E+00 7.96E−04 2.20E−01 1.31E−02 3.92E−04 5.40E−01 4.08E+02 7.21E+03
766.8 550 658 768 305.32 514 523.3 456.15 617.15 698 655 571 609.15 569.5 282.34 593 720 537 469.15 508.4 674.6 583 489 567 499.15 546 500.23 559.95 144.12 560.09 375.31 317.42 408 771 588 490.15 5.2 736 616.8 540.2 677.3 632.3 608.3 606.6 611.4 537.4 645 547 723 591 507.6 660.2 611.3 585.3 587.61 582.82 504 544 623 516.2 549 653.15 33.19
3.097E+06 3.111E+06 1.822E+06 1.175E+06 4.852E+06 6.109E+06 3.850E+06 5.594E+06 3.590E+06 3.203E+06 3.403E+06 2.935E+06 3.041E+06 3.412E+06 5.032E+06 6.290E+06 8.257E+06 6.850E+06 7.255E+06 4.708E+06 2.788E+06 2.460E+06 3.415E+06 3.293E+06 5.492E+06 3.337E+06 3.372E+06 3.320E+06 5.167E+06 4.544E+06 5.006E+06 5.875E+06 6.594E+06 7.751E+06 5.807E+06 5.550E+06 2.285E+05 1.344E+06 3.155E+06 2.719E+06 3.039E+06 3.013E+06 2.995E+06 2.919E+06 2.946E+06 2.921E+06 2.772E+06 3.209E+06 1.411E+06 3.461E+06 3.045E+06 3.284E+06 3.441E+06 3.298E+06 3.286E+06 3.322E+06 3.212E+06 3.540E+06 3.079E+06 3.635E+06 3.530E+06 1.473E+07 1.315E+06
2-58
TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa (Continued)
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
C1
184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242
Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl Isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane
HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C5H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10 C4H10O C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si
10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9 96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5 75-65-0 115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9
29.315 104.27 36.75 59.544 85.584 110.38 136.66 122.92 109.53 39.205 82.718 79.128 61.267 50.242 107.69 75.206 84.828 66.575 71.308 85.383 121.85 93.131 83.927 95.453 60.164 96.344 69.459 71.87 95.984 92.684 134.63 125.1 54.179 55.368 52.732 52.601 79.788 78.586 72.698 79.07 77.184 57.984 80.503 57.612 53.867 45.242 52.82 54.15 107.36 105.7 53.579 61.907 108.43 172.27 78.01 70.717 67.942 83.711 37.205
C2 −2,424.5 −3,731.2 −3,927.1 −4,143.8 −3,839.9 −10,540 −7,201.5 −16,258 −10,410 −1,324.4 −6,904.5 −9,523.9 −5,618.6 −3,811.9 −7,027.2 −5,082.8 −9,334.7 −5,213.4 −4,976 −9,575.4 −10,976 −5,525.4 −5,640.5 −5,448.8 −5,621.7 −7,856.3 −5,250 −6,885.7 −5,401.7 −7,080.8 −10,682 −10,288 −7,477.2 −5,149.8 −5,286.9 −5,120.3 −5,420 −5,176.3 −6,143.6 −6,114.1 −5,606.1 −5,339.6 −7,421.8 −5,197.9 −4,701 −5,324.4 −5,437.7 −4,337.7 −8,085.3 −12,458 −5,041.2 −6,188.9 −5,039.9 −11,589 −4,634.1 −6,439.7 −5,419.1 −6,786.9 −2,590.3
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
−1.1354 −15.047 −2.1245 −6.1764 −11.199 −12.262 −18.934 −13.113 −12.289 −3.4366 −8.8622 −7.7355 −5.6473 −4.2526 −13.916 −8.0919 −8.7063 −6.7693 −7.7169 −8.6164 −13.869 −11.852 −9.6453 −12.384 −5.53 −11.058 −7.1125 −7.0944 −11.829 −10.695 −16.511 −15.157 −4.22 −5.0136 −4.4509 −4.4554 −9.0702 −8.7501 −7.5779 −8.631 −8.392 −5.2362 −8.379 −5.1269 −4.7052 −3.2551 −4.442 −4.8127 −12.72 −11.234 −4.6404 −5.706 −15.012 −22.113 −8.9575 −6.9845 −6.8067 −9.2526 −2.5993
2.3806E-18 3.1340E-02 3.8948E-17 1.4161E-05 1.8848E-02 1.4310E-17 2.2255E-02 2.0609E-18 3.1990E-06 3.1019E-05 7.4664E-06 3.1616E-18 2.1080E-17 6.5326E-17 1.5185E-02 8.1130E-06 6.1723E-18 4.8106E-06 8.7271E-06 5.6124E-18 1.4283E-17 1.4205E-02 1.1121E-05 1.5643E-02 1.8629E-17 7.3080E-06 7.9289E-17 1.4903E-17 1.8092E-05 8.1366E-06 8.4427E-06 1.0918E-05 3.5225E-18 3.2220E-06 1.0883E-17 1.3288E-17 1.1489E-05 9.1727E-06 5.6476E-06 6.5333E-06 7.8468E-06 2.0767E-17 1.8114E-17 2.1702E-17 2.8791E-17 3.0363E-18 9.5103E-18 4.5000E-17 8.3307E-06 4.4629E-18 1.9443E-17 1.1767E-17 2.2725E-02 1.3703E-05 1.3413E-05 2.0129E-17 4.7778E-17 6.6666E-06 6.0508E-06
6 1 6 2 1 6 1 6 2 2 2 6 6 6 1 2 6 2 2 6 6 1 2 1 6 2 6 6 2 2 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 1 2 2 6 6 2 2
185.15 158.97 259.83 189.79 187.68 227.15 177.95 407.95 288.15 90.69 175.47 301.15 175.15 170.45 196.32 179.69 260.75 159.53 113.25 193 155.95 135.58 139.39 160.15 157.48 175.3 183.45 187.35 139.05 146.58 299.15 280.15 269.15 130.73 146.62 115 182.55 160 186.48 167.23 174.15 150 189.15 256.15 127.93 180.15 171.64 150.18 224.95 240 119.55 176 113.54 298.97 132.81 185.65 133.97 160.17 116.34
2.95E+04 1.35E+04 1.87E+04 3.37E+02 2.29E+04 7.82E−02 7.73E+00 7.03E+01 5.86E+01 1.17E+04 1.11E−01 2.86E+01 1.02E+00 4.15E+02 4.07E+00 1.77E+02 1.81E+00 7.28E−01 1.21E−04 6.94E−05 8.67E−09 2.05E−02 1.94E−02 2.92E+00 2.99E−02 4.61E−03 4.36E+01 1.34E−01 4.12E−01 1.52E−04 2.57E+02 4.56E+01 1.62E+01 2.25E−04 3.98E−03 2.12E−06 2.58E+01 7.85E+00 1.39E+00 2.25E−01 6.88E+00 2.13E−02 6.99E−02 7.28E+03 3.32E−03 2.95E−01 1.80E−01 3.15E+00 1.91E+01 4.19E−04 2.07E−05 6.33E−02 1.21E−02 5.88E+03 6.45E−01 6.34E−01 2.90E−03 4.26E−03 1.43E+01
363.15 324.65 456.65 461.15 373.53 605 471.85 805 662 190.56 512.5 718 506.55 402.4 536 430.05 693 490 460.4 643 577.2 465 470 492 512.74 593 463.2 554.5 442 572.1 686 614 617 532.7 542 526 483 437.8 535.5 533 487.2 497 574.6 488 464.48 553.4 553.1 469.95 566 694 497.7 546.49 407.8 506.2 417.9 530.6 476.25 565 352.5
8.463E+06 8.356E+06 5.353E+06 6.487E+06 8.999E+06 3.683E+06 4.540E+06 5.652E+06 4.812E+06 4.590E+06 8.146E+06 4.997E+06 4.695E+06 5.619E+06 4.277E+06 7.414E+06 3.590E+06 3.831E+06 3.366E+06 3.887E+06 3.916E+06 3.465E+06 3.394E+06 4.469E+06 3.377E+06 3.464E+06 4.199E+06 3.480E+06 4.170E+06 3.486E+06 3.994E+06 3.808E+06 3.767E+06 3.759E+06 4.130E+06 4.129E+06 3.964E+06 4.433E+06 4.120E+06 4.261E+06 5.983E+06 3.416E+06 3.272E+06 5.480E+06 3.764E+06 3.792E+06 4.022E+06 7.231E+06 3.674E+06 2.545E+06 3.044E+06 3.041E+06 3.630E+06 3.957E+06 4.004E+06 4.028E+06 3.802E+06 3.972E+06 4.702E+06
2-59
243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305
-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl amine Propylbenzene Propylene
C9H10 C5H12O C3H6O C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N2O NO C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C9H14 C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H5N C5H10O2 C3H9N C9H12 C3H6
98-83-9 1634-04-4 107-25-5 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 10102-43-9 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9 85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6 79-09-4 107-12-0 109-60-4 107-10-8 103-65-1 115-07-1
56.485 57.1511 51.085 62.964 29.755 75.632 58.282 68.149 57.278 96.512 72.974 182.54 337.71 109.35 137.6 162.854 146.46 63.313 106.2 114.77 157.68 83.601 96.084 140.16 144.111 133.41 63.775 72.382 74.936 78.368 64.612 122.04 51.245 40.067 135.57 149.58 78.741 101.7 114.748 122.26 84.635 44.286 46.994 58.985 67.309 82.805 137.29 72.958 95.444 86.779 126.5 57.069 59.078 84.6642 96.094 64.268 80.581 54.552 82.699 115.16 58.398 91.379 43.905
−6,954.2 −5,201.7 −4,271 −8,137.5 −271.06 −7,202.3 −1,084.1 −2,257.9 −6,089 −4,045 −2,650 −17,897 −18,506 −9,030.4 −14,948 −15,205 −13,813 −7,040.4 −10,982 −9,430.8 −16,093 −8,865.8 −7,900.2 −14,813 −13,667 −12,630 −7,711.3 −8,054.8 −7,155.9 −8,855.4 −6,802.5 −16,050 −1,200.2 −2,204.8 −13,478 −8,890 −5,420.3 −10,955 −10,643 −10,774 −7,078.4 −5,415.1 −4,289.5 −6,193.1 −6,880.8 −5,683.8 −7,447.1 −10,943 −10,113 −8,101.8 −12,551 −3,682.7 −3,492.6 −8,307.2 −8,575.4 −7,298.9 −5,896.1 −7,149.4 −6,703.5 −8,433.9 −5,312.7 −8,276.8 −3,097.8
−4.7889 −5.1429 −4.307 −5.6317 −2.6081 −7.6464 −8.3144 −8.9118 −4.9821 −12.277 −8.261 −22.498 −50.224 −12.882 −15.618 −19.424 −17.158 −5.8055 −11.696 −13.631 −18.954 −8.5711 −11.003 −16.004 −16.826 −15.369 −5.7359 −7.0002 −7.5843 −7.8202 −6.0261 −12.986 −6.4361 −2.9351 −16.022 −20.697 −8.8253 −10.829 −12.858 −13.943 −9.3 −3.0913 −3.7345 −5.2746 −6.4449 −9.4301 −19.01 −6.7902 −10.09 −9.5303 −15.002 −5.5662 −6.0669 −8.5767 −10.292 −5.9109 −8.9301 −4.2769 −9.1506 −13.934 −5.2876 −10.176 −3.4425
2.7753E-18 1.6529E-17 3.0530E-17 2.2675E-18 5.2700E-04 1.8250E-17 4.4127E-02 2.3233E-02 1.2154E-17 2.8860E-05 9.7000E-15 7.4008E-06 4.7345E-02 7.8544E-06 5.5660E-18 1.0722E-17 8.6279E-40 7.5753E-18 8.8955E-18 8.1918E-06 5.9272E-06 7.9446E-18 7.1802E-06 6.4239E-18 9.3666E-18 2.9939E-41 3.0902E-18 5.8276E-18 1.7106E-17 5.6629E-18 1.1013E-17 2.0871E-18 2.8405E-02 7.7520E-16 5.6136E-06 2.2101E-02 9.6171E-06 7.1880E-18 1.2491E-17 1.0700E-42 6.2702E-06 1.8580E-18 2.5424E-17 7.3986E-18 1.0148E-17 1.0767E-05 2.1415E-02 1.0850E-18 6.7603E-18 6.1367E-06 7.7521E-06 6.5133E-06 1.0919E-05 7.5091E-18 1.6665E-17 4.8482E-18 8.2236E-06 1.1843E-18 7.5424E-06 1.0346E-05 1.9913E-06 5.6240E-06 9.9989E-17
6 6 6 6 2 6 1 1 6 2 6 2 1 2 6 6 14 6 6 2 2 6 2 6 6 14 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 2 1 2 6 6 15 2 6 6 6 6 2 1 6 6 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 2 6 2 2 2 2 6
249.95 164.55 151.15 353.43 24.56 183.63 63.15 66.46 244.6 182.3 109.5 305.04 255.15 219.66 285.55 268.15 238.15 191.91 253.05 223.15 301.31 246 216.38 289.65 257.65 241.55 252.85 255.55 171.45 223.95 193.55 462.65 54.36 80.15 283.07 182 143.42 239.15 195.56 200 196.29 234.18 108.02 160.75 197.45 167.45 163.83 372.38 314.06 243.15 404.15 136.87 85.47 146.95 185.26 199 170 252.45 180.26 178.15 188.36 173.55 87.89
9.23E+00 4.93E−01 3.37E+00 9.91E+02 4.38E+04 3.18E-02 1.25E+04 1.86E−01 1.47E+02 8.69E+04 2.20E+04 1.59E−02 3.42E−01 4.31E−01 4.71E−02 8.55E−02 4.32E−03 2.04E−02 1.47E−01 4.50E−01 3.39E−02 1.46E+00 2.11E+00 1.83E−01 9.60E−02 4.04E−02 4.68E+00 7.84E+00 2.98E−03 3.05E−02 1.04E−01 2.15E+03 1.48E+02 7.35E−01 1.29E−01 5.23E−02 6.86E−02 3.28E−02 5.48E−04 4.15E−03 7.52E−01 7.34E+01 3.70E−05 1.77E−03 2.01E−01 2.40E+00 2.05E−01 2.93E+01 1.88E+02 4.33E+00 7.90E+02 1.83E+01 1.68E−04 4.28E−07 1.95E−02 2.48E−02 1.31E+00 1.31E+01 1.69E−01 1.71E−02 1.30E+01 1.81E−04 1.17E−03
654 497.1 437 748.4 44.4 593 126.2 234 588.15 309.57 180.15 758 658 594.6 710.7 670.9 649.5 593.1 681 598.05 747 638.9 568.7 694.26 652.3 629.8 632.7 627.7 566.9 667.3 574 804 154.58 261 708 566.1 469.7 639.16 588.1 561 561.08 560.95 464.8 584.3 598 481.2 519 869 694.25 653 791 394 369.83 536.8 508.3 636 504.4 600.81 564.4 549.73 496.95 638.35 364.85
3.341E+06 3.285E+06 4.583E+06 4.069E+06 2.665E+06 5.159E+06 3.391E+06 4.500E+06 6.309E+06 7.278E+06 6.516E+06 1.208E+06 2.743E+06 2.305E+06 2.502E+06 2.522E+06 2.551E+06 2.427E+06 2.330E+06 2.620E+06 1.256E+06 2.951E+06 2.467E+06 2.761E+06 2.782E+06 2.754E+06 2.647E+06 2.705E+06 2.663E+06 2.523E+06 2.880E+06 7.060E+06 5.021E+06 5.566E+06 1.474E+06 3.969E+06 3.364E+06 3.589E+06 3.896E+06 3.709E+06 3.706E+06 3.699E+06 3.562E+06 3.537E+06 3.474E+06 4.170E+06 4.020E+06 2.902E+06 6.059E+06 4.063E+06 4.734E+06 5.218E+06 4.214E+06 5.170E+06 4.783E+06 3.130E+06 4.919E+06 4.608E+06 4.191E+06 3.366E+06 4.738E+06 3.202E+06 4.599E+06
2-60 TABLE 2-8
Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids, ln P = C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4 T C5, P in Pa (Concluded)
No.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C4H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
C1 104.08 60.43 62.165 212.8 48.651 272.85 105.93 128.65 47.365 29.16 180.99 248.72 110.52 140.47 54.898 137.23 75.881 57.963 93.193 76.945 54.153 137.45 56.55 134.68 78.341 85.301 84.912 83.105 506.33 302 131 182.571 57.406 55.682 91.432 54.571 73.649 85.099 90.405 88.72
C2
C3
C4
C5
Tmin, K
P at Tmin
Tmax, K
P at Tmax
−7,535.9 −5,276.9 −5,624 −15,420 −7,289.5 −9,548.9 −8,685.9 −16,958 −4,084.5 −2,383.6 −12,060 −32,238 −14,045 −13,231 −5,305.4 −10,620 −6,910.6 −5,901.5 −7,001.5 −6,729.8 −6,041.8 −12,549 −5,681.9 −6,055.8 −8,019.8 −8,215.9 −6,722.2 −6,903.7 −37,483 −24,324 −11,143 −17,112 −5,702.8 −4,439.3 −5,141.7 −5,561.5 −7,258.2 −7,615.9 −7,955.2 −7,741.2
−12.348 −5.6572 −5.8595 −28.109 −3.4453 −40.089 −12.42 −13.872 −3.6469 −1.1342 −22.839 −30.009 −11.861 −16.859 −4.7627 −17.908 −7.9499 −5.2048 −10.738 −8.179 −4.5383 −16.543 −4.9815 −19.415 −8.1458 −9.2166 −9.5157 −9.1858 −69.22 −40.13 −15.855 −22.125 −5.0307 −5.0136 −10.981 −4.712 −7.3037 −9.3072 −10.086 −9.8693
9.6020E−06 2.6039E−17 2.0597E−17 2.1564E−05 1.0068E−18 6.3699E−15 7.5583E−06 2.1559E−18 1.7990E−17
2 6 6 2 6 6 2 6 6
7.2350E−17 4.7950E−06 2.2121E−18 6.5877E−06 1.4291E−17 1.4506E−02 4.4315E−06 9.1301E−18 8.2308E−06 5.3017E−06 4.9833E−18 7.1275E−06 1.2363E−17 2.8619E−02 3.8971E−06 4.7979E−06 7.2244E−06 6.4703E−06 2.7381E−05 1.7403E−05 8.1871E−06 1.12835E−17 1.1042E−17 1.9650E−17 1.4318E−05 1.0702E−17 4.1653E−06 5.5643E−06 5.9594E−06 6.0770E−06
6 2 6 2 6 1 2 6 2 2 6 2 6 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 2 6 2 2 2 2
180.25 142.61 159.95 213.15 388.85 186.35 242.54 460.65 197.67 223.15 289.95 700.15 329.35 279.01 164.65 237.38 176.99 373.96 234.94 178.18 236.5 267.76 158.45 156.08 247.79 229.33 165.78 172.22 398.4 354 247.57 288.45 180.35 173.15 119.36 178.35 273.16 225.3 247.98 286.41
2.11E−01 9.73E−03 6.51E−02 9.29E−05 1.17E+04 2.21E+05 1.06E+01 8.85E+02 1.67E+03 2.30E+05 2.09E+04 4.57E+03 4.14E−01 2.53E−01 1.96E−01 1.33E−01 1.54E−02 8.69E+04 1.86E+02 4.75E−02 4.47E+01 2.51E−01 1.06E−02 9.92E+00 3.71E+00 6.93E−01 1.71E−02 1.68E−02 8.50E+00 9.36E−01 4.08E−01 1.26E−01 7.06E−01 6.69E+01 1.92E−02 3.54E−01 6.11E+02 3.18E+00 2.18E+01 5.76E+02
538 517 536.6 626 683 259 636 806 430.75 318.69 490.85 1113 857 693 540.15 720 631.95 568 579.35 591.75 602 675 535.15 433.25 664.5 649.1 543.8 573.5 846 828 639 703.9 519.13 454 432 543.15 647.096 617 630.3 616.2
4.031E+06 4.752E+06 4.627E+06 6.041E+06 5.925E+06 3.748E+06 3.823E+06 4.727E+06 7.860E+06 3.771E+06 8.192E+06 3.943E+06 2.974E+06 1.569E+06 5.203E+06 3.624E+06 5.117E+06 2.871E+06 5.702E+06 4.080E+06 4.447E+06 1.679E+06 3.037E+06 4.102E+06 3.447E+06 3.212E+06 2.550E+06 2.812E+06 3.410E+06 3.019E+06 1.949E+06 2.120E+06 3.930E+06 4.887E+06 5.750E+06 3.058E+06 2.193E+07 3.528E+06 3.741E+06 3.501E+06
Vapor pressure Ps is calculated by
Ps = exp(C1 + C2/T + C3 ln T + C4T C5) where Ps is in Pa and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AIChE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-9
2-61
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm* Compound
Pressure, mmHg 1
Name Aluminum borohydride bromide chloride fluoride iodide oxide Ammonia heavy Ammonium bromide carbamate chloride cyanide hydrogen sulfide iodide Antimony tribromide trichloride pentachloride triiodide trioxide Argon Arsenic Arsenic tribromide trichloride trifluoride pentafluoride trioxide Arsine Barium Beryllium borohydride bromide chloride iodide Bismuth tribromide trichloride Diborane hydrobromide Borine carbonyl triamine Boron hydrides dihydrodecaborane dihydrodiborane dihydropentaborane tetrahydropentaborane tetrahydrotetraborane Boron tribromide trichloride trifluoride Bromine pentafluoride Cadmium chloride fluoride iodide oxide Calcium Carbon (graphite) dioxide disulfide monoxide oxyselenide oxysulfide selenosulfide subsulfide tetrabromide tetrachloride tetrafluoride Cesium bromide chloride fluoride iodide
5
10
20
Al Al(BH4)3 AlBr3 Al2Cl6 AlF3 AlI3 Al2O3 NH3 ND3 NH4Br N2H6CO2 NH4Cl NH4CN NH4HS NH4I Sb SbBr3 SbCl3 SbCl5 SbI3 Sb4O6 A As AsBr3 AsCl3 AsF3 AsF5 As2O3 AsH3 Ba Be(BH4)2 BeBr2 BeCl2 BeI2 Bi BiBr3 BiCl3 B2H5Br BH3CO B3N3H6 B10H14 B2H6 B5H9 B5H11 B4H10 BBr3 BCl3 BF3 Br2 BrF5 Cd CdCl2 CdF2 CdI2 CdO Ca C CO2 CS2 CO COSe COS CSeS C3S2 CBr4 CCl4 CF4 Cs CsBr CsCl CsF CsI
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting point, °C
1749 −3.9 176.1 152.0 1422 294.5 2665 −68.4 −67.4 320.0 26.7 271.5 −0.5 0.0 331.8 1223 203.5 143.3 114.1 303.5 957 −200.5 518 145.2 70.9 13.2 −84.3 332.5 −98.0 1301 58.6 405 411 411 1271 360 343 −29.0 −95.3 +4.0
1844 +11.2 199.8 161.8 1457 322.0 2766 −57.0 −57.0 345.3 37.2 293.2 +9.6 +10.5 355.8 1288 225.7 165.9
1947 28.1 227.0 171.6 1496 354.0 2874 −45.4 −45.4 370.8 48.0 316.5 20.5 21.8 381.0 1364 250.2 192.2
2056 45.9 256.3 180.2 1537 385.5 2977 −33.6 −33.4 396.0 58.3 337.8 31.7 33.3 404.9 1440 275.0 219.0
660 −64. 97. 192.4 1040
333.8 1085 −195.6 548 167.7 89.2 26.7 −75.5 370.0 −87.2 1403 69.0 427 435 435 1319 392 372 −15.4 −85.5 18.5
368.5 1242 −190.6 579 193.6 109.7 41.4 −64.0 412.2 −75.2 1518 79.7 451 461 461 1370 425 405 0.0 −74.8 34.3
401.0 1425 −185.6 610 220.0 130.4 56.3 −52.8 457.2 −62.1 1638 90.0 474 487 487 1420 461 441 +16.3 −64.0 50.6
142.3 −120.9 +9.6 20.1 −28.1 33.5 −32.4 −123.0 +9.3 −4.5 611 797 1486 640 1341 1207 4373 −100.2 −5.1 −205.7 −61.7 −85.9 28.3 109.9 119.7 23.0 −150.7 509 1072 1069 1025 1055
163.8 −111.2 24.6 34.8 −14.0 50.3 −18.9 −115.9 24.3 +9.9 658 847 1561 688 1409 1288 4516 −93.0 +10.4 −201.3 −49.8 −75.0 45.7 130.8 139.7 38.3 −143.6 561 1140 1139 1092 1124
−99.6 40.8 51.2 +0.8 70.0 −3.6 −108.3 41.0 25.7 711 908 1651 742 1484 1388 4660 −85.7 28.0 −196.3 −35.6 −62.7 65.2
−86.5 58.1 67.0 16.1 91.7 +12.7 −100.7 58.2 40.4 765 967 1751 796 1559 1487 4827 −78.2 46.5 −191.3 −21.9 −49.9 85.6
163.5 57.8 −135.5 624 1221 1217 1170 1200
189.5 76.7 −127.7 690 1300 1300 1251 1280
Temperature, °C
Formula 1284 81.3 100.0 1238 178.0 2148 −109.1
1421 −52.2 103.8 116.4 1298 207.7 2306 −97.5
1487 −42.9 118.0 123.8 1324 225.8 2385 −91.9
1555 −32.5 134.0 131.8 1350 244.2 2465 −85.8
1635 −20.9 150.6 139.9 1378 265.0 2549 −79.2
198.3 −26.1 160.4 −50.6 −51.1 210.9 886 93.9 49.2 22.7 163.6 574 −218.2 372 41.8 −11.4
234.5 −10.4 193.8 −35.7 −36.0 247.0 984 126.0 71.4 48.6 203.8 626 −213.9 416 70.6 +11.7
252.0 −2.9 209.8 −28.6 −28.7 263.5 1033 142.7 85.2 61.8 223.5 666 −210.9 437 85.2 +23.5
270.6 +5.3 226.1 −20.9 −20.8 282.8 1084 158.3 100.6 75.8 244.8 729 −207.9 459 101.3 36.0
−117.9 212.5 −142.6
−108.0 242.6 −130.8 984 19.8 325 328 322 1099 261 242 −75.3 −127.3 −45.0
−103.1 259.7 −124.7 1049 28.1 342 346 341 1136 282 264 −66.3 −121.1 −35.3
−98.0 279.2 −117.7 1120 36.8 361 365 361 1177 305 287 −56.4 −114.1 −25.0
290.0 14.0 245.0 −12.6 −12.3 302.8 1141 177.4 117.8 91.0 267.8 812 −204.9 483 118.7 50.0 −2.5 −92.4 299.2 −110.2 1195 46.2 379 384 382 1217 327 311 −45.4 −106.6 −13.2
1684 −13.4 161.7 145.4 1398 277.8 2599 −74.3 −74.0 303.8 19.6 256.2 −7.4 −7.0 316.0 1176 188.1 128.3 101.0 282.5 873 −202.9 498 130.0 58.7 +4.2 −88.5 310.3 −104.8 1240 51.7 390 395 394 1240 340 324 −38.2 −101.9 −5.8
3586 −134.3 −73.8 −222.0 −117.1 −132.4 −47.3 14.0
80.8 −149.5 −40.4 −29.9 −73.1 −20.4 −75.2 −145.4 −32.8 −51.0 455 618 1231 481 1100 926 3828 −124.4 −54.3 −217.2 −102.3 −119.8 −26.5 41.2
90.2 −144.3 −30.7 −19.9 −64.3 −10.1 −66.9 −141.3 −25.0 −41.9 484 656 1286 512 1149 983 3946 −119.5 −44.7 −215.0 −95.0 −113.3 −16.0 54.9
100.0 −138.5 −20.0 −9.2 −54.8 +1.5 −57.9 −136.4 −16.8 −32.0 516 695 1344 546 1200 1046 4069 −114.4 −34.3 −212.8 −86.3 −106.0 −4.4 69.3
−50.0 −184.6 279 748 744 712 738
−30.0 −174.1 341 838 837 798 828
−19.6 −169.3 375 887 884 844 873
−8.2 −164.3 409 938 934 893 923
117.4 −131.6 −8.0 +2.7 −44.3 14.0 −47.8 −131.0 −8.0 −21.0 553 736 1400 584 1257 1111 4196 −108.6 −22.5 −210.0 −76.4 −98.3 +8.6 85.6 96.3 +4.3 −158.8 449 993 989 947 976
127.8 −127.2 −0.4 10.2 −37.4 22.1 −41.2 −127.6 −0.6 −14.0 578 762 1436 608 1295 1152 4273 −104.8 −15.3 −208.1 −70.2 −93.0 17.0 96.0 106.3 12.3 −155.4 474 1026 1023 980 1009
+1.0 289 291 283 1021 −93.3 −139.2 −63.0 60.0 −159.7 −50.2 −90.9 −41.4 −91.5 −154.6 −48.7 −69.3 394 1112 416 1000
*Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947).
2050 −77.7 −74.0 520 36 630.5 96.6 73.4 2.8 167 656 −189.2 814 −18 −5.9 −79.8 312.8 −116.3 850 123 490 405 488 271 218 230 −104.2 −137.0 −58.2 99.6 −169 −47.0 −119.9 −45 −107 −126.8 −7.3 −61.4 320.9 568 520 385 851 −57.5 −110.8 −205.0 −138.8 −75.2 +0.4 90.1 −22.6 −183.7 28.5 636 646 683 621
2-62
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-9
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Compound
Pressure, mmHg 1
Name Chlorine fluoride trifluoride monoxide dioxide heptoxide Chlorosulfonic acid Chromium carbonyl oxychloride Cobalt chloride nitrosyl tricarbonyl Columbium fluoride Copper Cuprous bromide chloride iodide Cyanogen bromide chloride fluoride Deuterium cyanide Fluorine oxide Germanium bromide chloride hydride Trichlorogermane Tetramethylgermane Digermane Trigermane Gold Helium para-Hydrogen Hydrogen bromide chloride cyanide fluoride iodide oxide (water) sulfide disulfide selenide telluride Iodine heptafluoride Iron pentacarbonyl Ferric chloride Ferrous chloride Krypton Lead bromide chloride fluoride iodide oxide sulfide Lithium bromide chloride fluoride iodide Magnesium chloride Manganese chloride Mercury Mercuric bromide chloride iodide Molybdenum hexafluoride oxide
5
10
20
Cl2 ClF ClF3 Cl2O ClO2 Cl2O7 HSO3Cl Cr Cr(CO)6 CrO2Cl2 CoCl2 Co(CO)3NO CbF5 Cu Cu2Br2 Cu2Cl2 Cu2I2 C2N2 CNBr CNCl CNF DCN F2 F2O GeBr4 GeCl4 GeH4 GeHCl3 Ge(CH3)4 Ge2H6 Ge3H8 Au He H2 HBr HCl HCN H2F2 HI H 2O H2S HSSH H2Se H2Te I2 IF7 Fe Fe(CO)5 Fe2Cl6 FeCl2 Kr Pb PbBr2 PbCl2 PbF2 PbI2 PbO PbS Li LiBr LiCl LiF LiI Mg MgCl2 Mn MnCl2 Hg HgBr2 HgCl2 HgI2 Mo MoF6 MoO3
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting point, °C
−71.7 −120.8 −34.7 −39.4 −29.4 29.1 105.3 2139 108.0 58.0 843 29.0 148.5 2207 951 960 907 −51.8 22.6 −24.9 −97.0 −17.5 −202.7 −165.8 113.2 27.5 −120.3 26.5 −6.3 −20.3 47.9 2521 −270.3 −257.9 −97.7 −114.0 −17.8 −28.2 −72.1 51.6 −91.6 22.0 −74.2 −45.7 116.5 −31.9 2360 50.3 272.5 842 −171.8 1421 745 784 1080 701 1265 1108 1097 1076 1129 1425 993 909 1142 1792 960 261.7 237.8 237.0 261.8 4109 −8.0 955
−60.2 −114.4 −20.7 −26.5 −17.8 44.6 120.0 2243 121.8 75.2 904 44.4 172.2 2325 1052 1077 1018 −42.6 33.8 −14.1 −89.2 −5.4 −198.3 −159.0 135.4 44.4 −111.2 41.6 +8.8 −4.7 67.0 2657 −269.8 −256.3 −88.1 −105.2 −5.3 −13.2 −60.3 66.5 −82.3 35.3 −65.2 −32.4 137.3 −20.7 2475 68.0 285.0 897 −165.9 1519 796 833 1144 750 1330 1160 1178 1147 1203 1503 1049 967 1223 1900 1028 290.7 262.7 256.5 291.0 4322 +4.1 1014
−47.3 −107.0 −4.9 −12.5 −4.0 62.2 136.1 2361 137.2 95.2 974 62.0 198.0 2465 1189 1249 1158 −33.0 46.0 −2.3 −80.5 +10.0 −193.2 −151.9 161.6 63.8 −100.2 58.3 26.0 +13.3 88.6 2807 −269.3 −254.5 −78.0 −95.3 +10.2 +2.5 −48.3 83.0 −71.8 49.6 −53.6 −17.2 159.8 −8.3 2605 86.1 298.0 961 −159.0 1630 856 893 1219 807 1402 1221 1273 1226 1290 1591 1110 1034 1316 2029 1108 323.0 290.0 275.5 324.2 4553 17.2 1082
−33.8 −100.5 +11.5 +2.2 +11.1 78.8 151.0 2482 151.0 117.1 1050 80.0 225.0 2595 1355 1490 1336 −21.0 61.5 +13.1 −72.6 26.2 −187.9 −144.6 189.0 84.0 −88.9 75.0 44.0 31.5 110.8 2966 −268.6 −252.5 −66.5 −84.8 25.9 19.7 −35.1 100.0 −60.4 64.0 −41.1 −2.0 183.0 +4.0 2735 105.0 319.0 1026 −152.0 1744 914 954 1293 872 1472 1281 1372 1310 1382 1681 1171 1107 1418 2151 1190 357.0 319.0 304.0 354.0 4804 36.0 1151
−100.7 −145 −83 −116 −59 −91 −80 1615
Temperature, °C
Formula −118.0 −98.5
−106.7 −143.4 −80.4 −81.6
−45.3 32.0 1616 36.0 −18.4
−23.8 53.5 1768 58.0 +3.2
1628 572 546 −95.8 −35.7 −76.7 −134.4 −68.9 −223.0 −196.1 −45.0 −163.0 −41.3 −73.2 −88.7 −36.9 1869 −271.7 −263.3 −138.8 −150.8 −71.0 −123.3 −17.3 −134.3 −43.2 −115.3 −96.4 38.7 −87.0 1787 194.0 −199.3 973 513 547 479 943 852 723 748 783 1047 723 621 778 1292 126.2 136.5 136.2 157.5 3102 −65.5 734
1795 666 645 610 −83.2 −18.3 −61.4 −123.8 −54.0 −216.9 −186.6 43.3 −24.9 −151.0 −22.3 −54.6 −69.8 −12.8 2059 −271.5 −261.9 −127.4 −140.7 −55.3 −74.7 −109.6 +1.2 −122.4 −24.4 −103.4 −82.4 62.2 −70.7 1957 −6.5 221.8 −191.3 1099 578 615 861 540 1039 928 838 840 880 1156 802 702 877 1434 736 164.8 165.3 166.0 189.2 3393 −49.0 785
−101.6 −139.0 −71.8 −73.1 −59.0 −13.2 64.0 1845 68.3 13.8
−93.3 −134.3 −62.3 −64.3 −51.2 −2.1 75.3 1928 79.5 25.7
86.3 1879 718 702 656 −76.8 −10.0 −53.8 −118.5 −46.7 −214.1 −182.3 56.8 −15.0 −145.3 −13.0 −45.2 −60.1 −0.9 2154 −271.3 −261.3 −121.8 −135.6 −47.7 −65.8 −102.3 11.2 −116.3 −15.2 −97.9 −75.4 73.2 −63.0 2039 +4.6 235.5 700 −187.2 1162 610 648 904 571 1085 975 881 888 932 1211 841 743 930 1505 778 184.0 179.8 180.2 204.5 3535 −40.8 814
−1.3 103.0 1970 777 766 716 −70.1 −1.0 −46.1 −112.8 −38.8 −211.0 −177.8 71.8 −4.1 −139.2 −3.0 −35.0 −49.9 +11.8 2256 −271.1 −260.4 −115.4 −130.0 −39.7 −56.0 −94.5 22.1 −109.7 −5.1 −91.8 −67.8 84.7 −54.5 2128 16.7 246.0 737 −182.9 1234 646 684 950 605 1134 1005 940 939 987 1270 883 789 988 1583 825 204.6 194.3 195.8 220.0 3690 −32.0 851
−84.5 −128.8 −51.3 −54.3 −42.8 +10.3 87.6 2013 91.2 38.5 770 +11.0 121.5 2067 844 838 786 −62.7 +8.6 −37.5 −106.4 −30.1 −207.7 −173.0 88.1 +8.0 −131.6 +8.8 −23.4 −38.2 26.3 2363 −270.7 −259.6 −108.3 −123.8 −30.9 −45.0 −85.6 34.0 −102.3 +6.0 −84.7 −59.1 97.5 −45.3 2224 30.3 256.8 779 −178.4 1309 686 725 1003 644 1189 1048 1003 994 1045 1333 927 838 1050 1666 879 228.8 211.5 212.5 238.2 3859 −22.1 892
−79.0 −125.3 −44.1 −48.0 −37.2 +18.2 95.2 2067 98.3 46.7 801 18.5 133.2 2127 887 886 836 −57.9 14.7 −32.1 −102.3 −24.7 −205.6 −170.0 98.8 16.2 −126.7 16.2 −16.2 −30.7 35.5 2431 −270.6 −258.9 −103.8 −119.6 −25.1 −37.9 −79.8 41.5 −97.9 12.8 −80.2 −53.7 105.4 −39.4 2283 39.1 263.7 805 −175.7 1358 711 750 1036 668 1222 1074 1042 1028 1081 1372 955 868 1088 1720 913 242.0 221.0 222.2 249.0 3964 −16.2 917
735 −11 75.5 1083 504 422 605 −34.4 58 −6.5 −12 −223 −223.9 26.1 −49.5 −165 −71.1 −88 −109 −105.6 1063 −259.1 −87.0 −114.3 −13.2 −83.7 −50.9 0.0 −85.5 −89.7 −64 −49.0 112.9 5.5 1535 −21 304 −156.7 327.5 373 501 855 402 890 1114 186 547 614 870 446 651 712 1260 650 −38.9 237 277 259 2622 17 795
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
TABLE 2-9
2-63
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Compound
Pressure, mmHg 1
Name Neon Nickel carbonyl chloride Nitrogen Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen pentoxide Nitrous oxide Nitrosyl chloride fluoride Osmium tetroxide (yellow) (white) Oxygen Ozone Phosgene Phosphorus (yellow) (violet) tribromide trichloride pentachloride Phosphine Phosphonium bromide chloride iodide Phosphorus trioxide pentoxide oxychloride thiobromide thiochloride Platinum Potassium bromide chloride fluoride hydroxide iodide Radon Rhenium heptoxide Rubidium bromide chloride fluoride iodide Selenium dioxide hexafluoride oxychloride tetrachloride Silicon dioxide tetrachloride tetrafluoride Trichlorofluorosilane Iodosilane Diiodosilane Disiloxan Trisilane Trisilazane Tetrasilane Octachlorotrisilane Hexachlorodisiloxane Hexachlorodisilane Tribromosilane Trichlorosilane Trifluorosilane Dibromosilane Difluorosilane Monobromosilane Monochlorosilane Monofluorosilane Tribromofluorosilane Dichlorodifluorosilane Trifluorobromosilane
5
10
20
Ne Ni Ni(CO)4 NiCl2 N2 NO NO2 N2O5 N2O NOCl NOF OsO4 OsO4 O2 O3 COCl2 P P PBr3 PCl3 PCl5 PH3 PH4Br PH4Cl PH4I P 4O 6 P4O10 POCl3 PSBr3 PSCl3 Pt K KBr KCl KF KOH KI Rn Re2O7 Rb RbBr RbCl RbF RbI Se SeO2 SeF6 SeOCl2 SeCl4 Si SiO2 SiCl4 SiF4 SiFCl3 SiH3I SiH2I2 (SiH3)2O Si3H8 (SiH3)3N Si4H10 Si3Cl3 (SiCl3)2O Si2Cl6 SiHBr3 SiHCl3 SiHF3 SiH2Br2 SiH2F2 SiH3Br SiH3Cl SiH3F SiFBr3 SiF2Cl2 SiF3Br
40
60
100
200
400
760
Melting point, °C
−251.0 2364 −6.0 866 −209.7 −166.0 −14.7 7.4 −110.3 −46.3 −88.8 71.5 71.5 −198.8 −141.0 −35.6 197.3 349 103.6 21.0 117.0 −118.8 7.4 −52.0 29.3 108.3 510 47.4 126.3 63.8 3714 586 1137 1164 1245 1064 1080 −99.0 289.0 514 1114 1133 1168 1072 554 258.0 −73.9 118.0 147.5 2083 1969 +5.4 −113.3 −33.2 −4.4 79.4 −55.9 +1.6 −1.1 47.4 146.0 75.4 85.4 51.6 −16.4 −118.7 14.1 −107.3 −42.3 −68.5 −122.4 28.6 −70.3
−249.7 2473 +8.8 904 −205.6 −162.3 −5.0 15.6 −103.6 −34.0 −79.2 89.5 89.5 −194.0 −132.6 −22.3 222.7 370 125.2 37.6 131.3 −109.4 17.6 −44.0 39.9 129.0 532 65.0 141.8 82.0 3923 643 1212 1239 1323 1142 1152 −87.7 307.0 563 1186 1207 1239 1141 594 277.0 −64.8 134.6 161.0 2151 2053 21.0 −170.2 −19.3 +10.7 101.8 −43.5 17.8 +14.0 63.6 166.2 92.5 102.2 70.2 −1.8 −111.3 31.6 −98.3 −28.6 −57.0 −115.2 45.7 −58.0 −69.8
−248.1 2603 25.8 945 −200.9 −156.8 +8.0 24.4 −96.2 −20.3 −68.2 109.3 109.3 −188.8 −122.5 −7.6 251.0 391 149.7 56.9 147.2 −98.3 28.0 −35.4 51.6 150.3 556 84.3 157.8 102.3 4169 708 1297 1322 1411 1233 1238 −75.0 336.0 620 1267 1294 1322 1223 637 297.7 −55.2 151.7 176.4 2220 2141 38.4 −100.7 −4.0 27.9 125.5 −29.3 35.5 31.0 81.7 189.5 113.6 120.6 90.2 +14.5 −102.8 50.7 −87.6 −13.3 −44.5 −106.8 64.6 −45.0 −55.9
−246.0 2732 42.5 987 −195.8 −151.7 21.0 32.4 −85.5 −6.4 −56.0 130.0 130.0 −183.1 −111.1 +8.3 280.0 417 175.3 74.2 162.0 −87.5 38.3 −27.0 62.3 173.1 591 105.1 175.0 124.0 4407 774 1383 1407 1502 1327 1324 −61.8 362.4 679 1352 1381 1408 1304 680 317.0 −45.8 168.0 191.5 2287 2227 56.8 −94.8 +12.2 45.4 149.5 −15.4 53.1 48.7 100.0 211.4 135.6 139.0 111.8 31.8 −95.0 70.5 −77.8 +2.4 −30.4 −98.0 83.8 −31.8 −41.7
−248.7 1452 −25 1001 −210.0 −161 −9.3 30 −90.9 −64.5 −134 56 42 −218.7 −251 −104 44.1 590 −40 −111.8
Temperature, °C
Formula −257.3 1810
−255.5 1979
−254.6 2057
−253.7 2143
671 −226.1 −184.5 −55.6 −36.8 −143.4
731 −221.3 −180.6 −42.7 −23.0 −133.4
759 −219.1 −178.2 −36.7 −16.7 −128.7
789 −216.8 −175.3 −30.4 −10.0 −124.0
−132.0 3.2 −5.6 −219.1 −180.4 −92.9 76.6 237 7.8 −51.6 55.5
−120.3 22.0 +15.6 −213.4 −168.6 −77.0 111.2 271 34.4 −31.5 74.0
−114.3 31.3 26.0 −210.6 −163.2 −69.3 128.0 287 47.8 −21.3 83.2
−107.8 41.0 37.4 −207.5 −157.2 −60.3 146.2 306 62.4 −10.2 92.5
−43.7 −91.0 −25.2 384
−28.5 −79.6 −9.0 39.7 424
50.0 −18.3 2730 341 795 821 885 719 745 −144.2 212.5 297 781 792 921 748 356 157.0 −118.6 34.8 74.0 1724
72.4 +4.6 3007 408 892 919 988 814 840 −132.4 237.5 358 876 887 982 839 413 187.7 −105.2 59.8 96.3 1835
−63.4 −144.0 −92.6
−44.1 −134.8 −76.4 −53.0 3.8 −95.8 −49.7 −49.9 −6.2 74.7 17.8 27.4 −8.0 −62.6 −142.7 −40.0 −136.0 −85.7 −104.3 −145.5 −25.4 −110.5
−21.2 −74.0 −1.1 53.0 442 2.0 83.6 16.1 3146 443 940 968 1039 863 887 −126.3 248.0 389 923 937 1016 884 442 202.5 −98.9 71.9 107.4 1888 1732 −34.4 −130.4 −68.3 −47.7 18.0 −88.2 −40.0 −40.4 +4.3 89.3 29.4 38.8 +3.4 −53.4 −138.2 −29.4 −130.4 −77.3 −97.7 −141.2 −15.1 −102.9
−13.3 −68.0 +7.3 67.8 462 13.6 95.5 29.0 3302 483 994 1020 1096 918 938 −119.2 261.0 422 975 990 1052 935 473 217.5 −92.3 84.2 118.1 1942 1798 −24.0 −125.9 −59.0 −33.4 34.1 −79.8 −29.0 −30.0 15.8 104.2 41.5 51.5 16.0 −43.8 −132.9 −18.0 −124.3 −68.3 −90.1 −136.3 −3.7 −94.5
−112.5 −68.9 −68.7 −27.7 46.3 −5.0 +4.0 −30.5 −80.7 −152.0 −60.9 −146.7 −117.8 −153.0 −46.1 −124.7
−252.6 2234 −23.0 821 −214.0 −171.7 −23.9 −2.9 −118.3 −60.2 −100.3 51.7 50.5 −204.1 −150.7 −50.3 166.7 323 79.0 +2.3 102.5 −129.4 −5.0 −61.5 16.1 84.0 481 27.3 108.0 42.7 3469 524 1050 1078 1156 976 995 −111.3 272.0 459 1031 1047 1096 991 506 234.1 −84.7 98.0 130.1 2000 1867 −12.1 −120.8 −48.8 −21.8 52.6 −70.4 −16.9 −18.5 28.4 121.5 55.2 65.3 30.0 −32.9 −127.3 −5.2 −117.6 −57.8 −81.8 −130.8 +9.2 −85.0
−251.9 2289 −15.9 840 −212.3 −168.9 −19.9 +1.8 −114.9 −54.2 −95.7 59.4 59.4 −201.9 −146.7 −44.0 179.8 334 89.8 10.2 108.3 −125.0 +0.3 −57.3 21.9 94.2 493 35.8 116.0 51.8 3574 550 1087 1115 1193 1013 1030 −106.2 280.0 482 1066 1084 1123 1026 527 244.6 −80.0 106.5 137.8 2036 1911 −4.8 −117.5 −42.2 −14.3 64.0 −64.2 −9.0 −11.0 36.6 132.0 63.8 73.9 39.2 −25.8 −123.7 +3.2 −113.3 −51.1 −76.0 −127.2 17.4 −78.6
−132.5 −28.5 22.5 569 2 38 −36.2 1755 62.3 730 790 880 380 723 −71 296 38.5 682 715 760 642 217 340 −34.7 8.5 1420 1710 −68.8 −90 −120.8 −57.0 −1.0 −144.2 −117.2 −105.7 −93.6 −33.2 −1.2 −73.5 −126.6 −131.4 −70.2 −93.9 −82.5 −139.7 −70.5
2-64
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-9
Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Concluded) Compound
Pressure, mmHg 1
Name Trifluorochlorosilane Hexafluorodisilane Dichlorofluorobromosilane Dibromochlorofluorosilane Silane Disilane Silver chloride iodide Sodium bromide chloride cyanide fluoride hydroxide iodide Strontium Strontium oxide Sulfur monochloride hexafluoride Sulfuryl chloride Sulfur dioxide trioxide (α) trioxide (β) trioxide (γ) Tellurium chloride fluoride Thallium Thallous bromide chloride iodide Thionyl bromide Thionyl chloride Tin Stannic bromide Stannous chloride Stannic chloride iodide hydride Tin tetramethyl trimethyl-ethyl trimethyl-propyl Titanium chloride Tungsten Tungsten hexafluoride Uranium hexafluoride Vanadyl trichloride Xenon Zinc chloride fluoride diethyl Zirconium bromide chloride iodide
5
10
20
SiF3Cl Si2F6 SiFCl2Br SiFClBr2 SiH4 Si2H6 Ag AgCl AgI Na NaBr NaCl NaCN NaF NaOH NaI Sr SrO S S2Cl2 SF6 SO2Cl2 SO2 SO3 SO3 SO3 Te TeCl4 TeF6 Tl TlBr TlCl TlI SOBr2 SOCl2 Sn SnBr4 SnCl2 SnCl4 SnI4 SnH4 Sn(CH3)4 Sn(CH3)3·C2H5 Sn(CH3)3·C3H7 TiCl4 W WF6 UF6 VOCl3 Xe Zn ZnCl2 ZnF2 Zn(C2H5)2 ZrBr4 ZrCl4 ZrI4
40
100
200
400
760
Melting point, °C
−108.2 −46.7 −29.0 −4.7 −146.3 −66.4 1795 1242 1152 662 1099 1169 1156 1403 1057 1039 1057
−101.7 −41.7 −19.5 +6.3 −140.5 −57.5 1865 1297 1210 701 1148 1220 1214 1455 1111 1083 1111
−91.7 −34.2 −3.2 23.0 −131.6 −44.6 1971 1379 1297 758 1220 1296 1302 1531 1192 1150 1192
−81.0 −26.4 +15.4 43.0 −122.0 −29.0 2090 1467 1400 823 1304 1379 1401 1617 1286 1225 1285
−70.0 −18.9 35.4 59.5 −111.5 −14.3 2212 1564 1506 892 1392 1465 1497 1704 1378 1304 1384
305.5 63.2 −96.8 +7.2 −54.6 +4.0 8.0 21.4 789 287 −73.8 1143 621 612 631 68.3 10.4 1903 116.2 467 43.5 234.2 −96.6 11.7 38.4 57.5 58.0 5007 −27.5 10.4 49.8 −137.7 700 584 1207 47.2 289 268 355
327.2 75.3 −90.9 17.8 −46.9 10.5 14.3 28.0 838 304 −67.9 1196 653 645 663 80.6 21.4 1968 131.0 493 54.7 254.2 −89.2 22.8 50.0 69.8 71.0 5168 −20.3 18.2 62.5 −132.8 736 610 1254 59.1 301 279 369
359.7 93.5 −82.3 33.7 −35.4 20.5 23.7 35.8 910 330 −57.3 1274 703 694 712 99.0 37.9 2063 152.8 533 72.0 283.5 −78.0 39.8 67.3 88.0 90.5 5403 −10.0 30.0 82.0 −125.4 788 648 1329 77.0 318 295 389
399.6 115.4 −72.6 51.3 −23.0 32.6 32.6 44.0 997 360 −48.2 1364 759 748 763 119.2 56.5 2169 177.7 577 92.1 315.5 −65.2 58.5 87.6 109.6 112.7 5666 +1.2 42.7 103.5 −117.1 844 689 1417 97.3 337 312 409
444.6 138.0 −63.5 69.2 −10.0 44.8 44.8 51.6 1087 392 −38.6 1457 819 807 823 139.5 75.4 2270 204.7 623 113.0 348.0 −52.3 78.0 108.8 131.7 136.0 5927 17.3 55.7 127.2 −108.0 907 732 1497 118.0 357 331 431
−142 −18.6 −112.3 −99.3 −185 −132.6 960.5 455 552 97.5 755 800 564 992 318 651 800 2430 112.8 −80 −50.2 −54.1 −73.2 16.8 32.3 62.1 452 224 −37.8 3035 460 430 440 −52.2 −104.5 231.9 31.0 246.8 −30.2 144.5 −149.9
60
Temperature, °C
Formula −144.0 −81.0 −86.5 −65.2 −179.3 −114.8 1357 912 820 439 806 865 817 1077 739 767 2068 183.8 −7.4 −132.7 −95.5 −39.0 −34.0 −15.3 520 −111.3 825 440 −6.7 −52.9 1492 316 −22.7 −140.0 −51.3 −30.0 −12.0 −13.9 3990 −71.4 −38.8 −23.2 −168.5 487 428 970 −22.4 207 190 264
−133.0 −68.8 −68.4 −45.5 −168.6 −99.3 1500 1019 927 511 903 967 928 1186 843 857 847 2198 223.0 +15.7 −120.6 −35.1 −83.0 −23.7 −19.2 −2.0 605 −98.8 931 490 487 502 +18.4 −32.4 1634 58.3 366 −1.0 156.0 −125.8 −31.0 −7.6 +10.7 +9.4 4337 −56.5 −22.0 +0.2 −158.2 558 481 1055 0.0 237 217 297
−127.0 −63.1 −59.0 −35.6 −163.0 −91.4 1575 1074 983 549 952 1017 983 1240 897 903 898 2262 243.8 27.5 −114.7 −24.8 −76.8 −16.5 −12.3 +4.3 650 233 −92.4 983 522 517 531 31.0 −21.9 1703 72.7 391 +10.0 175.8 −118.5 −20.6 +3.8 21.8 21.3 4507 −49.2 −13.8 12.2 −152.8 593 508 1086 +11.7 250 230 311
−120.5 −57.0 −48.8 −24.5 −156.9 −82.7 1658 1134 1045 589 1005 1072 1046 1300 953 952 953 2333 264.7 40.0 −108.4 −13.4 −69.7 −9.1 −4.9 11.1 697 253 −86.0 1040 559 550 567 44.1 −10.5 1777 88.1 420 22.0 196.2 −111.2 −9.3 16.1 34.0 34.2 4690 −41.5 −5.2 26.6 −147.1 632 536 1129 24.2 266 243 329
−112.8 −50.6 −37.0 −12.0 −150.3 −72.8 1743 1200 1111 633 1063 1131 1115 1363 1017 1005 1018 2410 288.3 54.1 −101.5 −1.0 −60.5 −1.0 +3.2 17.9 753 273 −78.4 1103 598 589 607 58.8 +2.2 1855 105.5 450 35.2 218.8 −102.3 +3.5 30.0 48.5 48.4 4886 −33.0 +4.4 40.0 −141.2 673 566 1175 38.0 281 259 344
−30 3370 −0.5 69.2 −111.6 419.4 365 872 −28 450 437 499
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-65
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm* Pressure, mmHg Compound
1
Name
Formula
Acenaphthalene Acetal Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetanilide Acetic acid anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetophenone Acetyl chloride Acetylene Acridine Acrolein (2-propenal) Acrylic acid Adipic acid Allene (propadiene) Allyl alcohol (propen-1-ol-3) chloride (3-chloropropene) isopropyl ether isothiocyanate n-propyl ether 4-Allylveratrole iso-Amyl acetate n-Amyl alcohol iso-Amyl alcohol sec-Amyl alcohol (2-pentanol) tert-Amyl alcohol sec-Amylbenzene iso-Amyl benzoate bromide (1-bromo-3-methylbutane) n-butyrate formate iodide (1-iodo-3-methylbutane) isobutyrate Amyl isopropionate iso-Amyl isovalerate n-Amyl levulinate iso-Amyl levulinate nitrate 4-tert-Amylphenol Anethole Angelonitrile Aniline 2-Anilinoethanol Anisaldehyde o-Anisidine (2-methoxyaniline) Anthracene Anthraquinone Azelaic acid Azelaldehyde Azobenzene Benzal chloride (α,α-Dichlorotoluene) Benzaldehyde Benzanthrone Benzene Benzenesulfonylchloride Benzil Benzoic acid anhydride Benzoin Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzotrichloride (α,α,α-Trichlorotoluene) Benzotrifluoride (α,α,α-Trifluorotoluene) Benzoyl bromide chloride nitrile Benzyl acetate alcohol
C12H10 C6H14O2 C2H4O C2H5NO C8H9NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C8H8O C2H3OCl C2H2 C13H9N C3H4O C3H4O2 C6H10O4 C3H4 C3H6O C3H5Cl C6H12O C4H5NS C6H12O C11H14O2 C7H14O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C11H16 C12H16O2 C5H11Br C9H18O2 C6H12O2 C5H11I C9H18O2 C8H16O2 C10H20O2 C10H18O3 C10H18O3 C5H11NO3 C11H16O C10H12O C5H7N C6H7N C8H11NO C8H8O2 C7H9NO C14H10 C14H8O2 C9H16O4 C9H18O C12H10N2 C7H6Cl2 C7H6O C17H10O C6H6 C6H5ClO2S C14H10O2 C7H6O2 C14H10O3 C14H12O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H5Cl3 C7H5F3 C7H5BrO C7H5ClO C8H5NO C9H10O2 C7H8O
5
10
20
114.8 −2.3 −65.1 92.0 146.6 +6.3 24.8 −40.5 −26.6 64.0 −35.0 −133.0 165.8 −46.0 27.3 191.0 −108.0 +0.2 −52.0 −23.1 +25.3 −18.2 113.9 +23.7 34.7 30.9 22.1 +7.2 55.8 104.5 +2.1 47.1 +5.4 +21.9 40.1 33.7 54.4 110.0 104.0 28.8 109.8 91.6 +15.0 57.9 134.3 102.6 88.0 173.5 219.4 210.4 58.4 135.7 64.0 50.1 274.5 −19.6 96.5 165.2 119.5 180.0 170.2 55.3 141.7 73.7 −10.3 75.4 59.1 71.7 73.4 80.8
131.2 +8.0 −56.8 105.0 162.0 17.5 36.0 −31.1 −16.3 78.0 −27.6 −128.2 184.0 −36.7 39.0 205.5 −101.0 10.5 −42.9 −12.9 38.3 −7.9 127.0 35.2 44.9 40.8 32.2 17.2 69.2 121.6 13.6 59.9 17.1 34.1 52.8 46.3 68.6 124.0 118.8 40.3 125.5 106.0 28.0 69.4 149.6 117.8 101.7 187.2 234.2 225.5 71.6 151.5 78.7 62.0 297.2 −11.5 112.0 183.0 132.1 198.0 188.1 69.2 157.6 87.6 −0.4 89.8 73.0 85.5 87.6 92.6
148.7 19.6 −47.8 120.0 180.0 29.9 48.3 −20.8 −5.0 92.4 −19.6 −122.8 203.5 −26.3 52.0 222.0 −93.4 21.7 −32.8 −1.8 52.1 +3.7 142.8 47.8 55.8 51.7 42.6 27.9 83.8 139.7 26.1 74.0 30.0 47.6 66.6 60.0 83.8 139.7 134.4 53.5 142.3 121.8 41.0 82.0 165.7 133.5 116.1 201.9 248.3 242.4 85.0 168.3 94.3 75.0 322.5 −2.6 129.0 202.8 146.7 218.0 207.0 83.4 175.8 102.7 12.2 105.4 87.6 100.2 102.3 105.8
40
60
100
200
400
760
197.5 50.1 −22.6 158.0 227.2 63.0 82.2 +7.7 27.0 133.6 +3.2 −107.9 256.0 +2.5 86.1 265.0 −72.5 50.0 −4.5 29.0 89.5 35.8 183.7 83.2 85.8 80.7 70.7 55.3 124.1 186.8 60.4 113.1 65.4 84.4 104.4 97.6 125.1 180.5 177.0 88.6 189.0 164.2 77.5 119.9 209.5 176.7 155.2 250.0 285.0 286.5 123.0 216.0 138.3 112.5 390.0 26.1 174.5 255.8 186.2 270.4 258.0 123.5 224.4 144.3 45.3 147.7 128.0 141.0 144.0 141.7
222.1 66.3 −10.0 178.3 250.5 80.0 100.0 22.7 43.7 154.2 16.1 −100.3 284.0 17.5 103.3 287.8 −61.3 64.5 10.4 44.3 108.0 52.6 204.0 101.3 102.0 95.8 85.7 69.7 145.2 210.2 78.7 133.2 83.2 103.8 124.2 117.3 146.1 203.1 198.1 106.7 213.0 186.1 96.3 140.1 230.6 199.0 175.3 279.0 314.6 309.6 142.1 240.0 160.7 131.7 426.5 42.2 198.0 283.5 205.8 299.1 284.4 144.1 249.8 165.6 62.5 169.2 149.5 161.3 165.5 160.0
250.0 84.0 +4.9 200.0 277.0 99.0 119.8 39.5 62.5 178.0 32.0 −92.0 314.3 34.5 122.0 312.5 −48.5 80.2 27.5 61.7 129.8 71.4 226.2 121.5 119.8 113.7 102.3 85.7 168.0 235.8 99.4 155.3 102.7 125.8 146.0 138.4 169.5 227.4 222.7 126.5 239.5 210.5 117.7 161.9 254.5 223.0 197.3 310.2 346.2 332.8 163.4 266.1 187.0 154.1
277.5 102.2 20.2 222.0 303.8 118.1 139.6 56.5 81.8 202.4 50.8 −84.0 346.0 52.5 141.0 337.5 −35.0 96.6 44.6 79.5 150.7 90.5 248.0 142.0 137.8 130.6 119.7 101.7 193.0 262.0 120.4 178.6 123.3 148.2 168.8 160.2 194.0 253.2 247.9 147.5 266.0 235.3 140.0 184.4 279.6 248.0 218.5 342.0 379.9 356.5 185.0 293.0 214.0 179.0
60.6 224.0 314.3 227.0 328.8 313.5 166.7 276.8 189.2 82.0 193.7 172.8 185.0 189.0 183.0
80.1 251.5 347.0 249.2 360.0 343.0 190.6 305.4 213.5 102.2 218.5 197.2 208.0 213.5 204.7
Temperature, °C −23.0 −81.5 65.0 114.0 −17.2 1.7 −59.4 −47.0 37.1 −50.0 −142.9 129.4 −64.5 +3.5 159.5 −120.6 −20.0 −70.0 −43.7 −2.0 −39.0 85.0 0.0 +13.6 +10.0 +1.5 −12.9 29.0 72.0 −20.4 21.2 −17.5 −2.5 14.8 +8.5 27.0 81.3 75.6 +5.2 62.6 −8.0 34.8 104.0 73.2 61.0 145.0 190.0 178.3 33.3 103.5 35.4 26.2 225.0 −36.7 65.9 128.4 96.0 143.8 135.6 28.2 108.2 45.8 −32.0 47.0 32.1 44.5 45.0 58.0
168.2 31.9 −37.8 135.8 199.6 43.0 62.1 −9.4 +7.7 109.4 −10.4 −116.7 224.2 −15.0 66.2 240.5 −85.2 33.4 −21.2 +10.9 67.4 16.4 158.3 62.1 68.0 63.4 54.1 38.8 100.0 158.3 39.8 90.0 44.0 62.3 81.8 75.5 100.6 155.8 151.7 67.6 160.3 139.3 55.8 96.7 183.7 150.5 132.0 217.5 264.3 260.0 100.2 187.9 112.1 90.1 350.0 +7.6 147.7 224.5 162.6 239.8 227.6 99.6 195.7 119.8 25.7 122.6 103.8 116.6 119.6 119.8
181.2 39.8 −31.4 145.8 211.8 51.7 70.8 −2.0 15.9 119.8 −4.5 −112.8 238.7 −7.5 75.0 251.0 −78.8 40.3 −14.1 18.7 76.2 25.0 169.6 71.0 75.5 71.0 61.5 46.0 110.4 171.4 48.7 99.8 53.3 71.9 91.7 85.2 110.3 165.2 162.6 76.3 172.6 149.8 65.2 106.0 194.0 161.7 142.1 231.8 273.3 271.8 110.0 199.8 123.4 99.6 368.8 15.4 158.2 238.2 172.8 252.7 241.7 109.8 208.2 130.0 34.0 133.4 114.7 127.0 129.8 129.3
Melting point, °C 95 −123.5 81 113.5 16.7 −73 −94.6 −41 20.5 −112.0 −81.5 110.5 −87.7 14 152 −136 −129 −136.4 −80
−117.2 −11.9
93 22.5 −6.2 2.5 5.2 217.5 286 106.5 68 −16.1 −26 174 +5.5 14.5 95 121.7 42 132 −12.9 48.5 −21.2 −29.3 0 −0.5 33.5 −51.5 −15.3
*Compiled from the extended tables published by D. R. Stull in Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947). For information on fuels see Hibbard, N.A.C.A. Research Mem. E56I21, 1956. For methane see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960.
2-66
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Benzylamine Benzyl bromide (α-bromotoluene) chloride (α-chlorotoluene) cinnamate Benzyldichlorosilane Benzyl ethyl ether phenyl ether isothiocyanate Biphenyl 1-Biphenyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane d-Bornyl acetate Bornyl n-butyrate formate isobutyrate propionate Brassidic acid Bromoacetic acid 4-Bromoanisole Bromobenzene 4-Bromobiphenyl 1-Bromo-2-butanol 1-Bromo-2-butanone cis-1-Bromo-1-butene trans-1-Bromo-1-butene 2-Bromo-1-butene cis-2-Bromo-2-butene trans-2-Bromo-2-butene 1,4-Bromochlorobenzene 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane 2-Bromo-4,6-dichlorophenol 1-Bromo-4-ethyl benzene (2-Bromoethyl)-benzene 2-Bromoethyl 2-chloroethyl ether (2-Bromoethyl)-cyclohexane 1-Bromoethylene Bromoform (tribromomethane) 1-Bromonaphthalene 2-Bromo-4-phenylphenol 3-Bromopyridine 2-Bromotoluene 3-Bromotoluene 4-Bromotoluene 3-Bromo-2,4,6-trichlorophenol 2-Bromo-1,4-xylene 1,2-Butadiene (methyl allene) 1,3-Butadiene n-Butane iso-Butane (2-methylpropane) 1,3-Butanediol 1,2,3-Butanetriol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene 3-Butenenitrile iso-Butyl acetate n-Butyl acrylate alcohol iso-Butyl alcohol sec-Butyl alcohol tert-Butyl alcohol iso-Butyl amine n-Butylbenzene iso-Butylbenzene sec-Butylbenzene tert-Butylbenzene iso-Butyl benzoate n-Butyl bromide (1-bromobutane) iso-Butyl n-butyrate carbamate Butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol butyl ether) n-Butyl chloride (1-chlorobutane) iso-Butyl chloride
1
5
10
20
29.0 32.2 22.0 173.8 45.3 26.0 95.4 79.5 70.6 135.3 46.9 74.0 47.0 70.0 64.6 209.6 54.7 48.8 +2.9 98.0 23.7 +6.2 −44.0 −38.4 −47.3 −39.0 −45.0 32.0 −36.0 −28.8 84.0 30.4 48.0 36.5 38.7 −95.4
70.0
54.8 59.6 47.8 206.3 70.2 52.0 127.7 107.8 101.8 169.9 75.7 103.4 74.8 99.8 93.7 241.7 81.6 77.8 27.8 133.7 45.4 30.0 −23.2 −17.0 −27.0 −17.9 −24.1 59.5 −18.0 −7.0 115.6 42.5 76.2 63.2 66.6 −77.8 22.0 117.5 135.4 42.0 49.7 50.8 47.5 146.2 65.0 −72.7 −87.6 −85.7 −94.1 67.5 132.0 −89.4 −81.1 −84.0 +2.9 +1.4 +23.5 +20.0 +11.6 +7.2 −3.0 −31.0 48.8 40.5 44.2 39.0 93.6 −11.2 30.0 83.7 95.7
67.7 73.4 60.8 221.5 83.2 65.0 144.0 121.8 117.0 187.2 90.2 118.0 89.3 114.0 108.0 256.0 94.1 91.9 40.0 150.6 55.8 41.8 −12.8 −6.4 −16.8 −7.2 −13.8 72.7 −9.4 +4.1 130.8 74.0 90.5 76.3 80.5 −68.8 34.0 133.6 152.3 55.2 62.3 64.0 61.1 163.2 78.8 −64.2 −79.7 −77.8 −86.4 85.3 146.0 −81.6 −73.4 −76.3 14.1 12.8 35.5 30.2 21.7 16.9 +5.5 −21.0 62.0 53.7 57.0 51.7 108.6 −0.3 42.2 96.4 107.8
81.8 88.3 75.0 239.3 96.7 79.6 160.7 137.0 134.2 205.8 106.0 133.8 104.0 130.0 123.7 272.9 108.2 107.8 53.8 169.8 67.2 54.2 −1.4 +5.4 −5.3 +4.6 −2.4 87.8 0.0 16.0 147.7 90.2 105.8 90.8 95.8 −58.8 48.0 150.2 171.8 69.1 76.0 78.1 75.2 181.8 94.0 −54.9 −71.0 −68.9 −77.9 100.0 161.0 −73.0 −64.6 −67.5 26.6 25.5 48.6 41.5 32.4 27.3 14.3 −10.3 76.3 67.8 70.6 65.6 124.2 +11.6 56.1 110.1 120.5
97.3 104.8 90.7 255.8 111.8 95.4 180.1 153.0 152.5 226.3 123.7 150.7 121.2 147.2 140.4 290.0 124.0 125.0 68.6 190.8 79.5 68.2 +11.5 18.4 +7.2 17.7 +10.5 103.8 +10.4 29.7 165.8 108.5 123.2 106.6 113.0 −48.1 63.6 170.2 193.8 84.1 91.0 93.9 91.8 200.5 110.6 −44.3 −61.3 −59.1 −68.4 117.4 178.0 −63.4 −54.7 −57.6 40.0 39.2 63.4 53.4 44.1 38.1 24.5 +1.3 92.4 83.3 86.2 80.8 141.8 24.8 71.7 125.3 135.5
C4H9Cl C4H9Cl
−49.0 −53.8
−28.9 −34.3
−18.6 −24.5
−7.4 −13.8
+5.0 −1.9
60
100
200
400
760
107.3 115.6 100.5 267.0 121.3 105.5 192.6 163.8 165.2 239.7 135.7 161.8 131.7 157.6 151.2 301.5 133.8 136.0 78.1 204.5 87.0 77.3 19.8 27.2 15.4 26.2 18.7 114.8 17.0 38.0 177.6 121.0 133.8 116.4 123.7 −41.2 73.4 183.5 207.0 94.1 100.0 104.1 102.3 213.0 121.6 −37.5 −55.1 −52.8 −62.4 127.5 188.0 −57.2 −48.4 −51.3 48.8 48.0 72.6 60.3 51.7 45.2 31.0 8.8 102.6 93.3 96.0 90.6 152.0 33.4 81.3 134.6 146.0
120.0 129.8 114.2 281.5 133.5 118.9 209.2 177.7 180.7 255.0 149.8 176.4 145.8 172.2 165.7 316.2 146.3 150.1 90.8 221.8 97.6 89.2 30.8 38.1 26.3 37.5 29.9 128.0 28.0 49.5 193.2 135.5 148.2 129.8 138.0 −31.9 85.9 198.8 224.5 107.8 112.0 117.8 116.4 229.3 135.7 −28.3 −46.8 −44.2 −54.1 141.2 202.5 −48.9 −39.8 −42.7 60.2 59.7 85.1 70.1 61.5 54.1 39.8 18.8 116.2 107.0 109.5 103.8 166.4 44.7 94.0 147.2 159.8
140.0 150.8 134.0 303.8 152.0 139.6 233.2 198.0 204.2 280.4 172.0 198.0 166.4 194.2 187.5 336.8 165.8 172.7 110.1 248.2 112.1 107.0 47.8 55.7 42.8 54.5 46.5 149.5 44.7 66.8 216.5 156.5 169.8 150.0 160.0 −17.2 106.1 224.2 251.0 127.7 133.6 138.0 137.4 253.0 156.4 −14.2 −33.9 −31.2 −41.5 161.0 222.0 −36.2 −26.8 −29.7 78.0 77.6 104.0 84.3 75.9 67.9 52.7 32.0 136.9 127.2 128.8 123.7 188.2 62.0 113.9 165.7 181.2
161.3 175.2 155.8 326.7 173.0 161.5 259.8 220.4 229.4 309.8 197.5 222.2 190.2 218.2 211.2 359.6 186.7 197.5 132.3 277.7 128.3 126.3 66.8 75.0 61.9 74.0 66.0 172.6 63.4 86.0 242.0 182.0 194.0 172.3 186.2 −1.1 127.9 252.0 280.2 150.0 157.3 160.0 160.2 278.0 181.0 +1.8 −19.3 −16.3 −27.1 183.8 243.5 −21.7 −12.0 −14.8 98.0 97.5 125.2 100.8 91.4 83.9 68.0 50.7 159.2 149.6 150.3 145.8 212.8 81.7 135.7 186.0 205.0
184.5 198.5 179.4 350.0 194.3 185.0 287.0 243.0 254.9 340.0 223.0 247.0 214.0 243.0 235.0 382.5 208.0 223.0 156.2 310.0 145.0 147.0 86.2 94.7 81.0 93.9 85.5 196.9 82.7 106.7 268.0 206.0 219.0 195.8 213.0 +15.8 150.5 281.1 311.0 173.4 181.8 183.7 184.5 305.8 206.7 18.5 −4.5 −0.5 −11.7 206.5 264.0 −6.3 +3.7 +0.9 119.0 118.0 147.4 117.5 108.0 99.5 82.9 68.6 183.1 172.8 173.5 168.5 237.0 101.6 156.9 206.5 231.2
13.0 +5.9
24.0 16.0
40.0 32.0
58.8 50.0
77.8 68.9
Temperature, °C
Formula C7H9N C7H7Br C7H7Cl C16H14O2 C7H8Cl2Si C9H12O C13H12O C8H7NS C12H10 C15H14O2 C12H20O2 C14H24O2 C11H18O2 C14H24O2 C13H22O2 C22H42O2 C2H3BrO2 C7H7BrO C6H5Br C12H9Br C4H9BrO C4H7BrO C4H7Br C4H7Br C4H7Br C4H7Br C4H7Br C6H4BrCl C2H4BrCl C2H4BrCl C6H3BrCl2O C8H9Br C8H9Br C4H8BrClO C8H15Br C2H3Br CHBr3 C10H7Br C12H9BrO C5H4BrN C7H7Br C7H7Br C7H7Br C6H2BrCl3O C8H9Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O3 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H5N C6H12O2 C7H12O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H11N C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C11H14O2 C4H9Br C8H16O2 C5H11NO2 C8H18O3
40
84.2 100.0 16.8 24.4 14.8 10.3 112.4 37.5 −89.0 −102.8 −101.5 −109.2 22.2 102.0 −104.8 −96.4 −99.4 −19.6 −21.2 −0.5 −1.2 −9.0 −12.2 −20.4 −50.0 22.7 14.1 18.6 13.0 64.0 −33.0 +4.6
Melting point, °C −4 −39 39
69.5 29
61.5 49.5 12.5 −30.7 90.5
−100.3 −133.4 −111.2 −114.6 16.6 −16.6 68 −45.0
−138 8.5 5.5 95 −28 39.8 28.5 +9.5 −108.9 −135 −145 77 −130 −138.9 −105.4 −98.9 −64.6 −79.9 −108 −114.7 25.3 −85.0 −88.0 −51.5 −75.5 −58 −112.4 65 −123.1 −131.2
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-67
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Formula
sec-Butyl chloride (2-Chlorobutane) tert-Butyl chloride sec-Butyl chloroacetate 2-tert-Butyl-4-cresol 4-tert-Butyl-2-cresol iso-Butyl dichloroacetate 2,3-Butylene glycol (2,3-butanediol) 2-Butyl-2-ethylbutane-1,3-diol 2-tert-Butyl-4-ethylphenol n-Butyl formate iso-Butyl formate sec-Butyl formate sec-Butyl glycolate iso-Butyl iodide (1-iodo-2-methylpropane) isobutyrate isovalerate levulinate naphthylketone (1-isovaleronaphthone) 2-sec-Butylphenol 2-tert-Butylphenol 4-iso-Butylphenol 4-sec-Butylphenol 4-tert-Butylphenol 2-(4-tert-Butylphenoxy)ethyl acetate 4-tert-Butylphenyl dichlorophosphate
C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C6H11ClO2 C11H16O C11H16O C6H10Cl2O2 C4H10O2 C10H22O2 C12H15O C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C6H12O3 C4H9I C8H16O2 C9H18O2 C9H16O3 C15H16O C10H14O C10H14O C10H14O C10H14O C10H14O C14H20O3 C10H13Cl2 O2P C11H14O C7H14O2 C12H18O C12H18O C12H18O C12H18O C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H7N C11H14O C10H16 C10H16O2 C10H16O C10H19N C10H20O C10H20O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H10O2 C6H11N C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O2 C8H15N C12H9N CO2 CS2 CO COSe COS CBr4 CCl4 CF4 C10H14O C10H14O C10H12O2 C2HCl3O C2H3Cl3O2
tert-Butyl phenyl ketone (pivalophenone) iso-Butyl propionate 4-tert-Butyl-2,5-xylenol 4-tert-Butyl-2,6-xylenol 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol 6-tert-Butyl-3,4-xylenol Butyric acid iso-Butyric acid Butyronitrile iso-Valerophenone Camphene Campholenic acid d-Camphor Camphylamine Capraldehyde Capric acid n-Caproic acid iso-Caproic acid iso-Caprolactone Capronitrile Capryl alcohol (2-octanol) Caprylaldehyde Caprylic acid (octanoic acid) Caprylonitrile Carbazole Carbon dioxide disulfide monoxide oxyselenide (carbonyl selenide) oxysulfide (carbonyl sulfide) tetrabromide tetrachloride tetrafluoride Carvacrol Carvone Chavibetol Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde) hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate) Chloranil Chloroacetic acid anhydride 2-Chloroaniline 3-Chloroaniline 4-Chloroaniline Chlorobenzene 2-Chlorobenzotrichloride (2-α,α,α-tetrachlorotoluene)
C6Cl4O2 C2H3ClO2 C4H4Cl2O3 C6H6ClN C6H6ClN C6H6ClN C6H5Cl C7H4Cl4
1
5
10
20
−60.2
−39.8
−29.2
−17.7
17.0 70.0 74.3 28.6 44.0 94.1 76.3 −26.4 −32.7 −34.4 28.3 −17.0 +4.1 16.0 65.0 136.0 57.4 56.6 72.1 71.4 70.0 118.0 96.0
41.8 98.0 103.7 54.3 68.4 122.6 106.2 −4.7 −11.4 −13.3 53.6 +5.8 28.0 41.2 92.1 167.9 86.0 84.2 100.9 100.5 99.2 150.0 129.6
54.6 112.0 118.0 67.5 80.3 136.8 121.0 +6.1 −0.8 −3.1 66.0 17.0 39.9 53.8 105.9 184.0 100.8 98.1 115.5 114.8 114.0 165.8 146.0
57.8 −2.3 88.2 74.0 70.3 83.9 25.5 14.7 −20.0 58.3
85.7 +20.9 119.8 103.9 100.2 113.6 49.8 39.3 +2.1 87.0
97.6 41.5 45.3 51.9 125.0 71.4 66.2 38.3 9.2 32.8 73.4 92.3 43.0
40
60
100
200
400
760
31.5 +14.6 124.1 187.8 197.8 139.2 145.6 212.0 200.3 67.9 60.0 56.8 135.5 81.0 106.3 124.8 181.8 269.7 179.7 173.8 192.1 194.3 191.5 250.3 240.0
50.0 32.6 146.0 210.0 221.8 160.0 164.0 233.5 223.8 86.2 79.0 75.2 155.6 100.3 126.3 146.4 205.5 294.0 203.8 196.3 214.7 217.6 214.0 277.6 268.2
68.0 51.0 167.8 232.6 247.0 183.0 182.0 255.0 247.8 106.0 98.2 93.6 177.5 120.4 147.5 168.7 229.9 320.0 228.0 219.5 237.0 242.1 238.0 304.4 299.0
Temperature, °C
Melting point, °C
68.2 127.2 134.0 81.4 93.4 151.2 137.0 18.0 +11.0 +8.4 79.8 29.8 52.4 67.7 120.2 201.6 116.1 113.0 130.3 130.3 129.5 183.3 164.0
−5.0 −19.0 83.6 143.9 150.8 96.7 107.8 167.8 154.0 31.6 24.1 21.3 94.2 42.8 67.2 82.7 136.2 219.7 133.4 129.2 147.2 147.8 146.0 201.5 184.3
+3.4 −11.4 93.0 153.7 161.7 106.6 116.3 178.0 165.4 39.8 32.4 29.6 104.0 51.8 75.9 92.4 147.0 231.5 143.9 140.0 157.0 157.9 156.0 212.8 197.2
14.2 −1.0 105.5 167.0 176.2 119.8 127.8 191.9 179.0 51.0 43.4 40.2 116.4 63.5 88.0 105.2 160.2 246.7 157.3 153.5 171.2 172.4 170.2 228.0 214.3
125.7 68.6 74.0 78.8 142.0 89.5 83.0 66.4 34.6 57.6 92.0 114.1 67.6
99.0 32.3 135.0 119.0 115.0 127.0 61.5 51.2 13.4 101.4 47.2 139.8 82.3 83.7 92.0 152.2 99.5 94.0 80.3 47.5 70.0 101.2 124.0 80.4
114.3 44.8 151.0 135.0 131.0 143.0 74.0 64.0 25.7 116.8 60.4 153.9 97.5 97.6 106.3 165.0 111.8 107.0 95.7 61.7 83.3 110.2 136.4 94.6
130.4 58.5 169.8 152.2 148.5 159.7 88.0 77.8 38.4 133.8 75.7 170.0 114.0 112.5 122.2 179.9 125.0 120.4 112.3 76.9 98.0 120.0 150.6 110.6
−134.3 −73.8 −222.0 −117.1 −132.4
−124.4 −54.3 −217.2 −102.3 −119.8
−119.5 −44.7 −215.0 −95.0 −113.3
−114.4 −34.3 −212.8 −86.3 −106.0
−50.0 −184.6 70.0 57.4 83.6 −37.8 −9.8
−30.0 −174.1 98.4 86.1 113.3 −16.0 +10.0
−19.6 −169.3 113.2 100.4 127.0 −5.0 19.5
−8.2 −164.3 127.9 116.1 143.2 +7.2 29.2
−108.6 −22.5 −210.0 −76.4 −98.3 96.3 +4.3 −158.8 145.2 133.0 159.8 20.2 39.7
140.8 67.6 180.3 163.6 158.2 170.0 96.5 86.3 47.3 144.6 85.0 180.0 124.0 122.0 132.0 189.8 133.3 129.6 123.2 86.8 107.4 126.0 160.0 121.2 248.2 −104.8 −15.3 −208.1 −70.2 −93.0 106.3 12.3 −155.4 155.3 143.8 170.7 29.1 46.2
154.0 79.5 195.0 176.0 172.0 184.0 108.0 98.0 59.0 158.0 97.9 193.7 138.0 134.6 145.3 200.0 144.0 141.4 137.2 99.8 119.8 133.9 172.2 134.8 265.0 −100.2 −5.1 −205.7 −61.7 −85.9 119.7 23.0 −150.7 169.7 157.3 185.5 40.2 55.0
70.7 43.0 67.2 46.3 63.5 59.3 −13.0
89.3 68.3 94.1 72.3 89.8 87.9 +10.6
97.8 81.0 108.0 84.8 102.0 102.1 22.2
106.4 94.2 122.4 99.2 116.7 117.8 35.3
116.1 109.2 138.2 115.6 133.6 135.0 49.7
122.0 118.3 148.0 125.7 144.1 145.8 58.3
129.5 130.7 159.8 139.5 158.0 159.9 70.7
140.3 149.0 177.8 160.0 179.5 182.3 89.4
151.3 169.0 197.0 183.7 203.5 206.6 110.0
162.6 189.5 217.0 208.8 228.5 230.5 132.2
290 61.2 46 0 −10.4 70.5 −45.2
69.0
101.8
117.9
135.8
155.0
167.8
185.0
208.0
233.0
262.1
28.7
175.0 197.7 220.0 97.0 116.4 136.8 217.5 241.3 265.3 196.0 217.8 239.8 192.3 214.2 236.5 204.5 226.7 249.5 125.5 144.5 163.5 115.8 134.5 154.5 76.7 96.8 117.5 180.1 204.2 228.0 117.5 138.7 160.5 212.7 234.0 256.0 157.9 182.0 209.2 153.0 173.8 195.0 164.8 186.3 208.5 217.1 240.3 268.4 160.8 181.0 202.0 158.3 181.0 207.7 157.8 182.1 207.0 119.7 141.0 163.7 138.0 157.5 178.5 145.4 156.5 168.5 190.3 213.9 237.5 155.2 179.5 204.5 292.5 323.0 354.8 −93.0 −85.7 −78.2 +10.4 28.0 46.5 −201.3 −196.3 −191.3 −49.8 −35.6 −21.9 −75.0 −62.7 −49.9 139.7 163.5 189.5 38.3 57.8 76.7 −143.6 −135.5 −127.7 191.2 213.8 237.0 179.6 203.5 227.5 206.8 229.8 254.0 57.8 77.5 97.7 68.0 82.1 96.2
−131.3 −26.5
22.5
−95.3 −90.7 −80.7
99
−71
−74 −47 50 178.5 31.5 −1.5 −35 −38.6 16 244.8 −57.5 −110.8 −205.0 −138.8 90.1 −22.6 −183.7 +0.5 −57 51.7
2-68
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
2-Chlorobenzotrifluoride (2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene) 2-Chlorobiphenyl 4-Chlorobiphenyl α-Chlorocrotonic acid Chlorodifluoromethane Chlorodimethylphenylsilane 1-Chloro-2-ethoxybenzene 2-(2-Chloroethoxy) ethanol bis-2-Chloroethyl acetacetal 1-Chloro-2-ethylbenzene 1-Chloro-3-ethylbenzene 1-Chloro-4-ethylbenzene 2-Chloroethyl chloroacetate 2-Chloroethyl 2-chloroisopropyl ether 2-Chloroethyl 2-chloropropyl ether 2-Chloroethyl α-methylbenzyl ether Chloroform (trichloromethane) 1-Chloronaphthalene 4-Chlorophenethyl alcohol 2-Chlorophenol 3-Chlorophenol 4-Chlorophenol 2-Chloro-3-phenylphenol 2-Chloro-6-phenylphenol Chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) 1-Chloropropene 2-Chloropyridine 3-Chlorostyrene 4-Chlorostyrene 1-Chlorotetradecane 2-Chlorotoluene 3-Chlorotoluene 4-Chlorotoluene Chlorotriethylsilane 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene Chlorotrifluoromethane Chlorotrimethylsilane trans-Cinnamic acid Cinnamyl alcohol Cinnamylaldehyde Citraconic anhydride cis-α-Citral d-Citronellal Citronellic acid Citronellol Citronellyl acetate Coumarin o-Cresol (2-cresol; 2-methylphenol) m-Cresol (3-cresol; 3-methylphenol) p-Cresol (4-cresol; 4-methylphenol) cis-Crotonic acid trans-Crotonic acid cis-Crotononitrile trans-Crotononitrile Cumene 4-Cumidene Cuminal Cuminyl alcohol 2-Cyano-2-n-butyl acetate Cyanogen bromide chloride iodide Cyclobutane Cyclobutene Cyclohexane Cyclohexaneethanol Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone 2-Cyclohexyl-4,6-dinitrophenol Cyclopentane Cyclopropane Cymene
1
5
10
20
60
100
200
400
760
88.3 197.0 212.5 155.9 −76.4 124.7 141.8 139.5 150.7 110.0 113.6 116.0 140.0 115.8 125.6 164.8 10.4 180.4 188.1 106.0 143.0 150.0 237.0 237.1 53.8 −15.1 104.6 121.2 122.0 215.5 94.7 96.3 96.6 82.3 −66.7 −111.7 +6.0 232.4 177.8 177.7 145.4 160.0 140.1 195.4 159.8 161.0 216.5 127.4 138.0 140.0 116.3 128.0 50.1 62.8 88.1 158.0 160.0 176.2 133.8 −51.8 22.6 −24.9 97.6 −32.8 −41.2 25.5 142.7 103.7 90.4 229.0 −1.3 −70.0 110.8
108.3 219.6 237.8 173.8 −65.8 145.5 162.0 157.2 169.8 130.2 133.8 137.0 159.8 135.7 146.3 186.3 25.9 204.2 210.0 126.4 164.8 172.0 261.3 261.6 71.8 +1.3 125.0 142.2 143.5 240.3 115.0 116.6 117.1 101.6 −55.0 −102.5 21.9 253.3 199.8 199.3 165.8 181.8 160.0 214.5 179.8 178.8 240.0 146.7 157.3 157.3 133.9 146.0 68.0 81.1 107.3 180.0 182.8 197.9 152.2 −42.6 33.8 −14.1 111.5 −18.9 −27.8 42.0 161.7 121.7 110.3 248.7 +13.8 −59.1 131.4
130.0 243.8 264.5 193.2 −53.6 168.6 185.5 176.5 190.5 152.2 156.7 159.8 182.2 156.5 169.8 210.8 42.7 230.8 234.5 149.8 188.7 196.0 289.4 289.5 91.8 18.0 147.7 165.7 166.0 267.5 137.1 139.7 139.8 123.6 −41.7 −92.7 39.4 276.7 224.6 222.4 189.8 205.0 183.8 236.6 201.0 197.8 264.7 168.4 179.0 179.4 152.2 165.5 88.0 101.5 129.2 203.2 206.7 221.7 173.4 −33.0 46.0 −2.3 126.1 −3.4 −12.2 60.8 183.5 141.4 132.5 269.8 31.0 −46.9 153.5
152.2 267.5 292.9 212.0 −40.8 193.5 208.0 196.0 212.6 177.6 181.1 184.3 205.0 180.0 194.1 235.0 61.3 259.3 259.3 174.5 214.0 220.0 317.5 317.0 111.9 37.0 170.2 190.0 191.0 296.0 159.3 162.3 162.3 146.3 −27.9 −81.2 57.9 300.0 250.0 246.0 213.5 228.0 206.5 257.0 221.5 217.0 291.0 190.8 202.8 201.8 171.9 185.0 108.0 122.8 152.4 227.0 232.0 246.6 195.2 −21.0 61.5 +13.1 141.1 +12.9 +2.4 80.7 205.4 161.0 155.6 291.5 49.3 −33.5 177.2
Temperature, °C
Formula C7H4ClF3 C12H9Cl C12H9Cl C4H5ClO2 CHClF2 C8H11ClSi C8H9ClO C4H9ClO2 C6H12Cl2O2 C8H9Cl C8H9Cl C8H9Cl C4H6Cl2O2 C5H10Cl2O C5H10Cl2O C10H13ClO CHCl3 C10H7Cl C8H9ClO C6H5ClO C6H5ClO C6H5ClO C12H9ClO C12H9ClO CCl3NO2 C3H5Cl C5H4ClN C8H7Cl C8H7Cl C14H29Cl C7H7Cl C7H7Cl C7H7Cl C6H15ClSi C2ClF3 CClF3 C3H9ClSi C9H8O2 C9H10O C9H8O C5H4O3 C10H16O C10H18O C10H18O2 C10H20O C12H22O2 C9H6O2 C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H5N C4H5N C9H12 C9H13N C10H12O C10H14O C7H11NO2 C2N2 CBrN CClN CIN C4H8 C4H6 C6H12 C8H16O C6H12O C6H10O C12H14N2O5 C5H10 C3H6 C10H14
40
0.0 89.3 96.4 70.0 −122.8 29.8 45.8 53.0 56.2 17.2 18.6 19.2 46.0 24.7 29.8 62.3 −58.0 80.6 84.0 12.1 44.2 49.8 118.0 119.8 −25.5 −81.3 13.3 25.3 28.0 98.5 +5.4 +4.8 +5.5 −4.9 −116.0 −149.5 −62.8 127.5 72.6 76.1 47.1 61.7 44.0 99.5 66.4 74.7 106.0 38.2 52.0 53.0 33.5
24.7 109.8 129.8 95.6 −110.2 56.7 72.8 78.3 83.7 43.0 45.2 46.4 72.1 50.1 56.5 91.4 −39.1 104.8 114.3 38.2 72.0 78.2 152.2 153.7 −3.3 −63.4 38.8 51.3 54.5 131.8 30.6 30.3 31.0 +19.8 −102.5 −139.2 −43.6 157.8 102.5 105.8 74.8 90.0 71.4 127.3 93.6 100.2 137.8 64.0 76.0 76.5 57.4
−29.0 −19.5 +2.9 60.0 58.0 74.2 42.0 −95.8 −35.7 −76.7 25.2 −92.0 −99.1 −45.3 50.4 21.0 +1.4 132.8 −68.0 −116.8 17.3
−7.1 +3.5 26.8 88.2 87.3 103.7 68.7 −83.2 −18.3 −61.4 47.2 −76.0 −83.4 −25.4 77.2 44.0 26.4 161.8 −49.6 −104.2 43.9
37.1 134.7 146.0 108.0 −103.7 70.0 86.5 90.7 97.6 56.1 58.1 60.0 86.0 63.0 70.0 106.0 −29.7 118.6 129.0 51.2 86.1 92.2 169.7 170.7 +7.8 −54.1 51.7 65.2 67.5 148.2 43.2 43.2 43.8 32.0 −95.9 −134.1 −34.0 173.0 117.8 120.0 88.9 103.9 84.8 141.4 107.0 113.0 153.4 76.7 87.8 88.6 69.0 80.0 +4.0 15.0 38.3 102.2 102.0 118.0 82.0 −76.8 −10.0 −53.8 57.7 −67.9 −75.4 −15.9 90.0 56.0 38.7 175.9 −40.4 −97.5 57.0
50.6 151.2 164.0 121.2 −96.5 84.7 101.5 104.1 112.2 70.3 73.0 75.5 100.0 77.2 84.8 121.8 −19.0 134.4 145.0 65.9 101.7 108.1 186.7 189.8 20.0 −44.0 65.8 80.0 82.0 166.2 56.9 57.4 57.8 45.5 −88.2 −128.5 −23.2 189.5 133.7 135.7 103.8 119.4 99.8 155.6 121.5 126.0 170.0 90.5 101.4 102.3 82.0 93.0 16.4 27.8 51.5 117.8 117.9 133.8 96.2 −70.1 −1.0 −46.1 68.6 −58.7 −66.6 −5.0 104.0 68.8 52.5 191.2 −30.1 −90.3 71.1
65.9 169.9 183.8 135.6 −88.6 101.2 117.8 118.4 127.8 86.2 89.2 91.8 116.0 92.4 101.5 139.6 −7.1 153.2 162.0 82.0 118.0 125.0 207.4 208.2 33.8 −32.7 81.7 96.5 98.0 187.0 72.0 73.0 73.5 60.2 −79.7 −121.9 −11.4 207.1 151.0 152.2 120.3 135.9 116.1 171.9 137.2 140.5 189.0 105.8 116.0 117.7 96.0 107.8 30.0 41.8 66.1 134.2 135.2 150.3 111.8 −62.7 +8.6 −37.5 80.3 −48.4 −56.4 +6.7 119.8 83.0 67.8 206.7 −18.6 −82.3 87.0
75.4 182.1 196.0 144.4 −83.4 111.5 127.8 127.5 138.0 96.4 99.6 102.0 126.2 102.2 111.8 150.0 +0.5 165.6 173.5 92.0 129.4 136.1 219.6 220.0 42.3 −25.1 91.6 107.2 108.5 199.8 81.8 83.2 83.3 69.5 −74.1 −117.3 −4.0 217.8 162.0 163.7 131.3 146.3 126.2 182.1 147.2 149.7 200.5 115.5 125.8 127.0 104.5 116.7 38.5 50.9 75.4 145.0 146.0 161.7 121.5 −57.9 14.7 −32.1 88.0 −41.8 −50.0 14.7 129.8 91.8 77.5 216.0 −11.3 −77.0 97.2
Melting point, °C −6.0 34 75.5 −160
−80.2 −53.3 −62.6
−63.5 −20 7 32.5 42 +6 −64 −99.0 −15.0 +0.9 +7.3 −157.5 133 33 −7.5
70 30.8 10.9 35.5 15.5 72 −96.0
−34.4 58 −6.5 −50 +6.6 23.9 −45.0 −93.7 −126.6 −68.2
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-69
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
cis-Decalin trans-Decalin Decane Decan-2-one 1-Decene Decyl alcohol Decyltrimethylsilane Dehydroacetic acid Desoxybenzoin Diacetamide Diacetylene (1,3-butadiyne) Diallyldichlorosilane Diallyl sulfide Diisoamyl ether oxalate sulfide Dibenzylamine Dibenzyl ketone (1,3-diphenyl2-propanone) 1,4-Dibromobenzene 1,2-Dibromobutane dl-2,3-Dibromobutane meso-2,3-Dibromobutane 1,2-Dibromodecane Di(2-bromoethyl) ether α,β-Dibromomaleic anhydride 1,2-Dibromo-2-methylpropane 1,3-Dibromo-2-methylpropane 1,2-Dibromopentane 1,2-Dibromopropane 1,3-Dibromopropane 2,3-Dibromopropene 2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol Diisobutylamine 2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-cresol 4,6-Ditert-butyl-2-cresol 4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-cresol 2,6-Ditert-butyl-4-ethylphenol 4,6-Ditert-butyl-3-ethylphenol Diisobutyl oxalate 2,4-Ditert-butylphenol Dibutyl phthalate sulfide Diisobutyl d-tartrate Dicarvacryl-mono-(6-chloro-2-xenyl) phosphate Dicarvacryl-2-tolyl phosphate Dichloroacetic acid 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobutane 2,3-Dichlorobutane 1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethylene Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichlorodiphenyl silane Dichlorodiisopropyl ether Di(2-chloroethoxy) methane Dichloroethoxymethylsilane 1,2-Dichloro-3-ethylbenzene 1,2-Dichloro-4-ethylbenzene 1,4-Dichloro-2-ethylbenzene cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene trans-1,2-Dichloro ethylene Di(2-chloroethyl) ether Dichlorofluoromethane 1,5-Dichlorohexamethyltrisiloxane Dichloromethylphenylsilane 1,1-Dichloro-2-methylpropane 1,2-Dichloro-2-methylpropane 1,3-Dichloro-2-methylpropane 2,4-Dichlorophenol 2,6-Dichlorophenol
1
5
10
20
100
200
400
760
22.5 −0.8 16.5 44.2 14.7 69.5 67.4 91.7 123.3 70.0 −82.5 +9.5 −9.5 18.6 85.4 43.0 118.3 125.5
50.1 +30.6 42.3 71.9 40.3 97.3 96.4 122.0 156.2 95.0 −68.0 34.8 +14.4 44.3 116.0 73.0 149.8 159.8
64.2 47.2 55.7 85.8 53.7 111.3 111.0 137.3 173.5 108.0 −61.2 47.4 26.6 57.0 131.4 87.6 165.6 177.6
79.8 65.3 69.8 100.7 67.8 125.8 126.5 153.0 192.0 122.6 −53.8 61.3 39.7 70.7 147.7 102.7 182.2 195.7
97.2 85.7 85.5 117.1 83.3 142.1 144.0 171.0 212.0 138.2 −45.9 76.4 54.2 86.3 165.7 120.0 200.2 216.6
C6H4Br2 61.0 C4H8Br2 7.5 C4H8Br2 +5.0 C4H8Br2 +1.5 C10H20Br2 95.7 C4H8Br2O 47.7 C4H2Br2O3 50.0 C4H8Br2 −28.8 C4H8Br2 14.0 C5H10Br2 19.8 C3H6Br2 −7.0 C3H6Br2 +9.7 C3H4Br2 −6.0 C3H6Br2O 57.0 C8H19N −5.1 C15H24O 85.8 C15H24O 86.2 C15H24O 103.7 C16H26O 89.1 C16H26O 111.5 C10H18O4 63.2 C14H22O 84.5 C16H22O4 148.2 C8H18S +21.7 C12H22O6 117.8 C32H34ClO4P 204.2
79.3 33.2 30.0 26.6 123.6 75.3 78.0 −3.0 40.0 45.4 +17.3 35.4 +17.9 84.5 +18.4 116.2 117.3 135.2 121.4 142.6 91.2 115.4 182.1 51.8 151.8 234.5
87.7 46.1 41.6 39.3 137.3 88.5 92.0 +10.5 53.0 58.0 29.4 48.0 30.0 98.2 30.6 131.0 132.4 150.0 137.0 157.4 105.3 130.0 198.2 66.4 169.0 249.3
103.6 60.0 56.4 53.2 151.0 103.6 106.7 25.7 67.5 72.0 42.3 62.1 43.2 113.5 43.7 147.0 149.0 167.0 154.0 174.0 120.3 146.0 216.2 80.5 188.0 264.5
C27H33O4P 180.2 C2H2Cl2O2 44.0 C6H4Cl2 20.0 C6H4Cl2 12.1 C6H4Cl2 C4H8Cl2 −23.6 C4H8Cl2 −25.2 C2Cl2F2 −82.0 CCl2F2 −118.5 C12H10Cl2Si 109.6 C6H12Cl2O 29.6 C5H10Cl2O2 53.0 C8H8Cl2OSi −33.8 C8H8Cl2 46.0 C8H8Cl2 47.0 C8H8Cl2 38.5 C2H2Cl2 −58.4 C2H2Cl2 −65.4 C4H8Cl2O 23.5 CHCl2F −91.3 C6H18Cl2 26.0 O2Si3 C7H8Cl2Si 35.7 C4H8Cl2 −31.0 C4H8Cl2 −25.8 C4H8Cl2 −3.0 C6H4Cl2O 53.0 C6H4Cl2O 59.5
209.3 69.8 46.0 39.0 −0.3 −3.0 −65.6 −104.6 142.4 55.2 80.4 −12.1 75.0 77.2 68.0 −39.2 −47.2 49.3 −75.5 52.0
221.8 82.6 59.1 52.0 54.8 +11.5 +8.5 −57.3 −97.8 158.0 68.2 94.0 −1.3 90.0 92.3 83.2 −29.9 −38.0 62.0 −67.5 65.1
63.5 −8.4 −4.2 +20.6 80.0 87.6
77.4 +2.6 +6.7 32.0 92.8 101.0
60 108.0 98.4 95.5 127.8 93.5 152.0 154.3 181.5 224.5 148.0 −41.0 86.3 63.7 96.0 177.0 130.6 212.2 229.4
123.2 114.6 108.6 142.0 106.5 165.8 169.5 197.5 241.3 160.6 −34.0 99.7 75.8 109.6 192.2 145.3 227.3 246.6
145.4 136.2 128.4 163.2 126.7 186.2 191.0 219.5 265.2 180.8 −20.9 119.4 94.8 129.0 215.0 166.4 249.8 272.3
169.9 160.1 150.6 186.7 149.2 208.8 215.5 244.5 293.0 202.0 −6.1 142.0 116.1 150.3 240.0 191.0 274.3 301.7
194.6 186.7 174.1 211.0 172.0 231.0 240.0 269.0 321.0 223.0 +9.7 165.3 138.6 173.4 265.0 216.0 300.0 330.5
120.8 76.0 72.0 68.0 167.4 119.8 123.5 42.3 83.5 87.4 57.2 77.8 57.8 129.8 57.8 164.1 167.4 185.3 172.1 192.3 137.5 164.3 235.8 96.0 208.5 280.5
131.6 86.0 82.0 78.0 177.5 130.0 133.8 53.7 93.7 97.4 66.4 87.8 67.0 140.0 67.0 175.2 179.0 196.1 183.9 204.4 147.8 175.8 247.8 105.8 221.6 290.7
146.5 99.8 95.3 91.7 190.2 144.0 147.7 68.8 107.4 110.1 78.7 101.3 79.5 153.0 79.2 190.0 194.0 211.0 198.0 218.0 161.8 190.0 263.7 118.6 239.5 304.9
168.5 120.2 115.7 111.8 209.6 165.0 168.0 92.1 117.8 130.2 97.8 121.7 98.0 173.8 97.6 212.8 217.5 233.0 220.0 241.7 183.5 212.5 287.0 138.0 264.7 323.8
192.5 143.5 138.0 134.2 229.8 188.0 192.0 119.8 150.6 151.8 118.5 144.1 119.5 196.0 118.0 237.6 243.4 257.1 244.0 264.6 205.8 237.0 313.5 159.0 294.0 342.0
218.6 166.3 160.5 157.3 250.4 212.5 215.0 149.0 174.6 175.0 141.6 167.5 141.2 219.0 139.5 262.5 269.3 282.0 268.6 290.0 229.5 260.8 340.0 182.0 324.0 361.0
237.0 96.3 73.4 66.2 69.2 24.5 21.2 −48.3 −90.1 176.0 82.2 109.5 +11.3 105.9 109.6 99.8 −19.4 −28.0 76.0 −58.6 79.0
251.5 111.8 89.4 82.0 84.8 37.7 35.0 −38.2 −81.6 195.5 97.3 125.5 24.4 123.8 127.5 118.0 −7.9 −17.0 91.5 −48.8 94.8
260.3 121.5 99.5 92.2 95.2 47.8 43.9 −31.8 −76.1 207.5 106.9 135.8 32.6 135.0 139.0 129.0 −0.5 −10.0 101.5 −42.6 105.0
272.5 134.0 112.9 105.0 108.4 60.2 56.0 −23.0 −68.6 223.8 119.7 149.6 44.1 149.8 153.3 144.0 +9.5 −0.2 114.5 −33.9 118.2
290.0 152.3 133.4 125.9 128.3 79.7 74.0 −10.0 −57.0 248.0 139.0 170.0 61.0 172.0 176.0 166.2 24.6 +14.3 134.0 −20.9 138.3
309.8 173.7 155.8 149.0 150.2 100.8 94.2 +5.0 −43.9 275.5 159.8 192.0 80.3 197.0 201.7 191.5 41.0 30.8 155.4 −6.2 160.2
330.0 194.4 179.0 173.0 173.9 123.5 116.0 20.9 −29.8 304.0 182.7 215.0 100.6 222.1 226.6 216.3 59.0 47.8 178.5 +8.9 184.0
92.4 14.6 18.7 44.8 107.7 115.5
109.5 28.2 32.0 58.6 123.4 131.6
120.0 37.0 40.2 67.5 133.5 141.8
134.2 48.2 51.7 78.8 146.0 154.6
155.5 65.8 68.9 96.1 165.2 175.5
180.2 85.4 87.8 115.4 187.5 197.7
205.5 106.0 108.0 135.0 210.0 220.0
Temperature, °C
Formula C10H18 C10H18 C10H22 C10H20O C10H20 C10H22O C13H30Si C8H8O4 C14H12O C4H7NO2 C4H2 C6H10Cl2Si C6H10S C10H22O C12H22O4 C10H22S C14H15N C15H14O
40
Melting point, °C −43.3 −30.7 −29.7 +3.5 +7 60 78.5 −34.9 −83
−26 34.5 87.5 −64.5 −34.5
−70.3 −55.5 −34.4 −70
−79.7 73.5
9.7 −17.6 −24.2 53.0 −80.4 −112
−40.8 −76.4 −61.2 −80.5 −50.0 −135 −53.0
45.0
2-70
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
α,α-Dichlorophenylacetonitrile Dichlorophenylarsine 1,2-Dichloropropane 2,3-Dichlorostyrene 2,4-Dichlorostyrene 2,5-Dichlorostyrene 2,6-Dichlorostyrene 3,4-Dichlorostyrene 3,5-Dichlorostyrene 1,2-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene 1,4-Dichlorotetraethylbenzene 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Dichloro-4-tolylsilane 3,4-Dichloro-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene Dicyclopentadiene Diethoxydimethylsilane Diethoxydiphenylsilane Diethyl adipate Diethylamine N-Diethylaniline Diethyl arsanilate 1,2-Diethylbenzene 1,3-Diethylbenzene 1,4-Diethylbenzene Diethyl carbonate cis-Diethyl citraconate Diethyl dioxosuccinate Diethylene glycol Diethyleneglycol-bis-chloroacetate Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether Di(2-methoxyethyl) ether glycol ethyl ether Diethyl ether ethylmalonate fumarate glutarate Diethylhexadecylamine Diethyl itaconate ketone (3-pentanone) malate maleate malonate mesaconate oxalate phthalate sebacate 2,5-Diethylstyrene Diethyl succinate isosuccinate sulfate sulfide sulfite d-Diethyl tartrate dl-Diethyl tartrate 3,5-Diethyltoluene Diethylzinc 1-Dihydrocarvone Dihydrocitronellol 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone Dimethylacetylene (2-butyne) Dimethylamine N,N-Dimethylaniline Dimethyl arsanilate Di(α-methylbenzyl) ether 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Dimethyl citraconate 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
1
5
10
20
40
C8H5Cl2N C6H5AsCl2 C3H6Cl2 C8H6Cl2 C8H6Cl2 C8H6Cl2 C8H6Cl2 C8H6Cl2 C8H6Cl2 C14H20Cl2 C14H20Cl2 C2Cl2F4 C7H8Cl2Si C7H3Cl2F3 C10H8 C6H16O2Si C16H20O2Si C10H18O4 C4H11N C10H15N C10H16As NO3 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C5H10O3 C9H14O4 C8H10O6 C4H10O3 C8H12Cl2O5
56.0 61.8 −38.5 61.0 53.5 55.5 47.8 57.2 53.5 105.6 91.7 −95.4 46.2 11.0 −19.1 111.5 74.0
84.0 100.0 −17.0 90.1 82.2 83.9 75.7 86.0 82.2 138.7 126.1 −80.0 71.7 38.3 34.1 +2.4 142.8 106.6
49.7
78.0
98.1 116.0 −6.1 104.6 97.4 98.2 90.0 100.4 97.4 155.0 143.8 −72.3 84.2 52.2 47.6 13.3 157.6 123.0 −33.0 91.9
113.8 133.1 +6.0 120.5 111.8 114.0 105.5 116.2 111.8 172.5 162.0 −63.5 97.8 67.3 62.0 25.3 174.3 138.3 −22.6 107.2
130.0 151.0 19.4 137.8 129.2 131.0 122.4 133.7 129.2 192.2 183.2 −53.7 113.2 84.0 77.9 38.0 193.2 154.6 −11.3 123.6
38.0 22.3 20.7 20.7 −10.1 59.8 70.0 91.8 148.3
62.6 48.7 46.8 47.1 +12.3 88.3 98.0 120.0 180.0
74.8 62.0 59.9 60.3 23.8 103.0 112.0 133.8 195.8
88.0 76.4 74.5 74.7 36.0 118.2 126.8 148.0 212.0
C6H14O3 C6H14O3 C4H10O C9H16O4 C8H12O4 C9H16O4 C20H43N C9H14O4 C5H10O C8H14O5 C8H12O4 C7H12O4 C9H14O4 C6H10O4 C12H14O4 C14H26O4 C12H16 C8H14O4 C8H14O4 C4H10O4S C4H10S C4H10O3S C8H14O6 C8H14O6 C11H16 C4H10Zn C10H16O C10H22O C14H8O4 C4H6 C2H7N C8H11N C8H12AsNO3 C16H18O C6H14 C6H14 C7H10O4 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16
13.0 45.3 −74.3 50.8 53.2 65.6 139.8 51.3 −12.7 80.7 57.3 40.0 62.8 47.4 108.8 125.3 49.7 54.6 39.8 47.0 −39.6 10.0 102.0 100.0 34.0 −22.4 46.6 68.0 196.7 −73.0 −87.7 29.5 15.0 96.7 −69.3 −63.6 50.8 −24.4 −15.9 −21.1 −19.4 −22.7 −20.0 −24.3
37.6 72.0 −56.9 77.8 81.2 94.7 175.8 80.2 +7.5 110.4 85.6 67.5 91.0 71.8 140.7 156.2 78.4 83.0 66.7 74.0 −18.6 34.2 133.0 131.7 61.5 0.0 75.5 91.7 239.8 −57.9 −72.2 56.3 39.6 128.3 −50.7 −44.5 78.2 −1.4 +7.3 +1.7 +3.4 0.0 +3.2 −1.7
50.0 85.8 −48.1 91.6 95.3 109.7 194.0 95.2 17.2 125.3 100.0 81.3 105.3 83.8 156.0 172.1 92.6 96.6 80.0 87.7 −8.0 46.4 148.0 147.2 75.3 +11.7 90.0 103.0 259.8 −50.5 −64.6 70.0 51.8 144.0 −41.5 −34.9 91.8 +10.3 18.4 13.0 14.9 +11.2 14.5 +10.1
63.0 100.3 −38.5 106.0 110.2 125.4 213.5 111.0 27.9 141.2 115.3 95.9 120.3 96.8 173.6 189.8 108.5 111.7 94.7 102.1 +3.5 59.7 164.2 163.8 90.2 24.2 106.0 115.0 282.0 −42.5 −56.0 84.8 65.0 160.3 −31.1 −24.1 106.5 23.0 31.1 25.6 27.4 23.6 27.1 22.6
60
100
200
400
760
141.0 163.2 28.0 149.0 140.0 142.0 133.3 144.6 140.0 204.8 195.8 −47.5 122.6 95.0 88.0 46.3 205.0 165.8 −4.0 133.8
154.5 178.9 39.4 163.5 153.8 155.8 147.6 158.2 153.8 220.7 212.0 −39.1 135.5 109.2 101.7 57.6 220.0 179.0 +6.0 147.3
176.2 202.8 57.0 185.7 176.0 178.0 169.0 181.5 176.0 245.6 238.5 −26.3 153.5 129.0 121.8 74.2 243.8 198.2 21.0 168.2
199.5 228.8 76.0 210.0 200.0 202.5 193.5 205.7 200.0 272.8 265.8 −12.0 175.2 150.5 144.2 93.2 259.7 219.1 38.0 192.4
223.5 256.5 96.8 235.0 225.0 227.0 217.0 230.0 225.0 302.0 296.5 +3.5 196.3 172.8 166.6 113.5 296.0 240.0 55.5 215.5
102.6 92.5 90.4 91.1 49.5 135.7 143.8 164.3 229.0
111.8 102.6 100.7 101.3 57.9 146.2 153.7 174.0 239.5
123.8 116.2 114.4 115.3 69.7 160.0 167.7 187.5 252.0
141.9 136.7 134.8 136.1 86.5 182.3 188.0 207.0 271.5
161.0 159.0 156.9 159.0 105.8 206.5 210.8 226.5 291.8
181.0 183.5 181.1 183.8 125.8 230.3 233.5 244.8 313.0
77.5 116.7 27.7 122.4 126.7 142.8 235.0 128.2 39.4 157.8 131.8 113.3 137.3 110.6 192.1 207.5 125.8 127.8 111.0 118.0 16.1 74.2 182.3 181.7 107.0 38.0 123.7 127.6 307.4 −33.9 −46.7 101.6 79.7 179.6 −19.5 −12.4 122.6 37.3 45.3 39.7 41.4 37.5 41.1 36.5
86.8 126.8 −21.8 132.4 137.7 153.2 248.5 139.9 46.7 169.0 142.4 123.0 147.9 119.7 204.1 218.4 136.8 138.2 121.4 128.6 24.2 83.8 194.0 193.2 117.7 47.2 134.7 136.7 323.3 −27.8 −40.7 111.9 88.6 191.5 −12.1 −4.9 132.7 45.7 54.4 48.7 50.4 46.4 50.1 45.4
99.5 140.3 −11.5 146.0 151.1 167.8 265.5 154.3 56.2 183.9 156.0 136.2 161.6 130.8 219.5 234.4 151.0 151.1 134.8 142.5 35.0 96.3 208.5 208.0 131.7 59.1 149.7 145.9 344.5 −18.8 −32.6 125.8 101.0 206.8 −2.0 +5.4 145.8 57.9 66.8 61.0 62.5 58.5 62.3 57.6
118.0 159.0 +2.2 166.0 172.2 189.5 292.8 177.5 70.6 205.3 177.8 155.5 183.2 147.9 243.0 255.8 173.2 171.7 155.1 162.5 51.3 115.8 230.4 230.0 152.4 77.0 171.8 160.2 377.8 −5.0 −20.4 146.5 119.8 229.7 +13.4 21.1 165.8 76.2 85.6 79.6 81.0 76.9 80.8 76.0
138.5 180.3 17.9 188.7 195.8 212.8 324.6 203.1 86.3 229.5 201.7 176.8 205.8 166.2 267.5 280.3 198.0 193.8 177.7 185.5 69.7 137.0 254.8 254.3 176.5 97.3 197.0 176.8 413.0 +10.6 −7.1 169.2 140.3 254.8 31.0 39.0 188.0 97.2 107.0 100.9 102.1 97.8 101.9 97.0
159.8 201.9 34.6 211.5 218.5 237.0 355.0 227.9 102.7 253.4 225.0 198.9 229.0 185.7 294.0 305.5 223.0 216.5 201.3 209.5 88.0 159.0 280.0 280.0 200.7 118.0 223.0 193.5 450.0 27.2 +7.4 193.1 160.5 281.0 49.7 58.0 210.5 119.5 129.7 123.4 124.4 120.1 124.3 119.3
Temperature, °C
Formula
Melting point, °C
−94 −12.1 32.9 −21 −38.9 −34.4 −31.4 −83.9 −43.2 −43
−116.3 +0.6
−42 −49.8 −40.6 1.3 −20.8 −25.0 −99.5 17 −28 194 −32.5 −96 +2.5 −99.8 −128.2 −34 −50.0 −88.0 −92.0 −76.2 −87.4 −36.9
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-71
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Dimethyl ether 2,2-Dimethylhexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane 2,4-Dimethylhexane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 3,3-Dimethylhexane 3,4-Dimethylhexane Dimethyl itaconate 1-Dimethyl malate Dimethyl maleate malonate trans-Dimethyl mesaconate 2,7-Dimethyloctane Dimethyl oxalate 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 3,3-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylphenol (2,3-xylenol) 2,4-Dimethylphenol (2,4-xylenol) 2,5-Dimethylphenol (2,5-xylenol) 3,4-Dimethylphenol (3,4-xylenol) 3,5-Dimethylphenol (3,5-xylenol) Dimethylphenylsilane Dimethyl phthalate 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-pyrone 4,6-Dimethylresorcinol Dimethyl sebacate 2,4-Dimethylstyrene 2,5-Dimethylstyrene α,α-Dimethylsuccinic anhydride Dimethyl sulfide d-Dimethyl tartrate dl-Dimethyl tartrate N,N-Dimethyl-2-toluidine N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine Di(nitrosomethyl) amine Diosphenol 1,4-Dioxane Dipentene Diphenylamine Diphenyl carbinol (benzhydrol) chlorophosphate disulfide 1,2-Diphenylethane (dibenzyl) Diphenyl ether 1,1-Diphenylethylene trans-Diphenylethylene 1,1-Diphenylhydrazine Diphenylmethane Diphenyl sulfide Diphenyl-2-tolyl thiophosphate 1,2-Dipropoxyethane 1,2-Diisopropylbenzene 1,3-Diisopropylbenzene Dipropylene glycol Dipropyleneglycol monobutyl ether isopropyl ether Di-n-propyl ether Diisopropyl ether Di-n-propyl ketone (4-heptanone) Di-n-propyl oxalate Diisopropyl oxalate Di-n-propyl succinate Di-n-propyl d-tartrate Diisopropyl d-tartrate Divinyl acetylene (1,5-hexadiene-3-yne) 1,3-Divinylbenzene Docosane n-Dodecane 1-Dodecene n-Dodecyl alcohol Dodecylamine Dodecyltrimethylsilane Elaidic acid
1
5
10
20
−115.7 −29.7 −23.0 −26.9 −26.7 −25.8 −22.1 69.3 75.4 45.7 35.0 46.8 +6.3 20.0 −49.0 −42.0 −48.0 −45.9 56.0 51.8 51.8 66.2 62.0 +5.3 100.3 78.6 49.0 104.0 34.2 29.0 61.4 −75.6 102.1 100.4 28.8 50.1 +3.2 66.7 −35.8 14.0 108.3 110.0 121.5 131.6 86.8 66.1 87.4 113.2 126.0 76.0 96.1 159.7 −38.8 40.0 34.7 73.8 64.7 46.0 −43.3 −57.0 23.0 53.4 43.2 77.5 115.6 103.7 −45.1 32.7 157.8 47.8 47.2 91.0 82.8 91.2 171.3
−101.1 −7.9 −1.1 −5.3 −5.5 −4.4 +0.2 94.0 104.0 73.0 59.8 74.0 30.5 44.0 −28.7 −20.8 −27.4 −25.0 83.8 78.0 78.0 93.8 89.2 30.3 131.8 107.6 76.8 139.8 61.9 55.9 88.1 −58.0 133.2 131.8 54.1 74.3 27.8 95.4 −12.8 40.4 141.7 145.0 160.5 164.0 119.8 97.8 119.6 145.8 159.3 107.4 129.0 179.8 −10.3 67.8 62.3 102.1 92.0 72.8 −22.3 −37.4 44.4 80.2 69.0 107.6 147.7 133.7 −24.4 60.0 195.4 75.8 74.0 120.2 111.8 122.1 206.7
−93.3 +3.1 +9.9 +5.2 +5.3 +6.1 11.3 106.6 118.3 86.4 72.0 87.8 42.3 56.0 −18.7 −10.3 −17.1 −14.4 97.6 91.3 91.3 107.7 102.4 42.6 147.6 122.0 90.7 156.2 75.8 69.0 102.0 −49.2 148.2 147.5 66.2 86.7 40.0 109.0 −1.2 53.8 157.0 162.0 182.0 180.0 136.0 114.0 135.0 161.0 176.1 122.8 145.0 201.6 +5.0 81.8 76.0 116.2 106.0 86.2 −11.8 −27.4 55.0 93.9 81.9 122.2 163.5 148.2 −14.0 73.8 213.0 90.0 87.8 134.7 127.8 137.7 223.5
−85.2 15.0 22.1 17.2 17.2 18.2 23.5 119.7 133.8 101.3 85.0 102.1 55.8 69.4 −7.5 +1.1 −5.9 −2.9 112.0 105.0 105.0 122.0 117.0 56.2 164.0 136.4 105.8 175.8 90.8 84.0 116.3 −39.4 164.3 164.0 80.2 100.0 53.7 124.0 +12.0 68.2 175.2 180.9 203.8 197.0 153.7 130.8 151.8 179.8 194.0 139.8 162.0 215.5 22.3 96.8 91.2 131.3 120.4 100.8 0.0 −16.7 66.2 108.6 95.6 138.0 180.4 164.0 −2.8 88.7 233.5 104.6 102.4 150.0 141.6 153.8 242.3
60
100
200
400
760
−62.7 48.2 56.0 50.6 50.5 52.5 57.7 153.7 175.1 140.4 121.9 141.5 93.9 104.8 23.9 33.3 25.4 29.3 152.2 143.0 143.0 161.0 156.0 94.2 210.0 177.5 147.3 222.6 132.3 124.7 155.3 −12.0 208.8 209.5 118.1 140.3 90.3 165.6 45.1 108.3 222.8 227.5 265.0 241.3 202.8 178.8 198.6 227.4 242.5 186.3 211.8 252.5 74.2 138.7 132.3 169.9 159.8 140.3 33.0 13.7 96.0 148.1 132.6 180.3 227.0 207.3 29.5 130.0 286.0 146.2 142.3 192.0 182.1 199.5 288.0
−50.9 65.7 73.8 68.1 68.0 70.0 75.6 171.0 196.3 160.0 140.0 161.0 114.0 123.3 40.3 50.1 41.8 46.2 173.0 161.5 161.5 181.5 176.2 114.2 232.7 198.0 167.8 245.0 153.2 145.6 175.8 +2.6 230.5 232.3 138.3 161.6 110.0 186.2 62.3 128.2 247.5 250.0 299.5 262.6 227.8 203.3 222.8 251.7 267.2 210.7 236.8 270.3 103.8 159.8 153.7 189.9 180.0 160.0 50.3 30.0 111.2 168.0 151.2 202.5 250.1 228.2 46.0 151.4 314.2 167.2 162.2 213.0 203.0 222.0 312.4
−37.8 85.6 94.1 88.2 87.9 90.4 96.0 189.8 219.5 182.2 159.8 183.5 136.0 143.3 59.2 69.4 60.6 65.5 196.0 184.2 184.2 203.6 197.8 136.4 257.8 221.0 192.0 269.6 177.5 168.7 197.5 18.7 255.0 257.4 161.5 185.4 131.3 209.5 81.8 150.5 274.1 275.6 337.2 285.8 255.0 230.7 249.8 278.3 294.0 237.5 263.9 290.0 140.0 184.3 177.6 210.5 203.8 183.1 69.5 48.2 127.3 190.3 171.8 226.5 275.6 251.8 64.4 175.2 343.5 191.0 185.5 235.7 225.0 248.0 337.0
−23.7 106.8 115.6 109.4 109.1 112.0 117.7 208.0 242.6 205.0 180.7 206.0 159.7 163.3 79.2 89.8 80.5 86.1 218.0 211.5 211.5 225.2 219.5 159.3 283.7 245.0 215.0 293.5 202.0 193.0 219.5 36.0 280.0 282.0 184.8 209.5 153.0 232.0 101.1 174.6 302.0 301.0 378.0 310.0 284.0 258.5 277.0 306.5 322.2 264.5 292.5 310.0 180.0 209.0 202.0 231.8 227.0 205.6 89.5 67.5 143.7 213.5 193.5 250.8 303.0 275.0 84.0 199.5 376.0 216.2 208.0 259.0 248.0 273.0 362.0
Temperature, °C
Formula C2H6O C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C7H10O4 C6H10O5 C6H8O4 C5H8O4 C7H10O4 C10H22 C4H6O4 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H12Si C10H10O4 C7H8O2 C8H10O2 C12H22O4 C10H12 C10H12 C6H8O3 C2H6S C6H10O6 C6H10O6 C9H13N C9H13N C2H5N3O2 C10H16O2 C4H8O2 C10H16 C12H11N C13H12O C12H10ClPO3 C12H10S2 C14H14 C12H10O C14H12 C14H12 C12H12N2 C13H12 C12H10S C18H17O3PS C8H18O2 C12H18 C12H18 C6H14O3 C10H22O3 C9H20O3 C6H14O C6H14O C7H14O C8H14O4 C8H14O4 C10H18O4 C10H18O6 C10H18O6 C6H6 C10H10 C22H46 C12H26 C12H24 C12H26O C12H27N C15H34Si C18H34O2
40 −76.2 28.2 35.6 30.5 30.4 31.7 37.1 133.7 150.1 117.2 100.0 118.0 71.2 83.6 +5.0 13.9 +6.5 +9.9 129.2 121.5 121.5 138.0 133.3 71.4 182.8 152.7 122.5 196.0 107.7 100.2 132.3 −28.4 182.4 182.4 95.0 116.3 68.2 141.2 25.2 84.3 194.3 200.0 227.9 214.8 173.7 150.0 170.8 199.0 213.5 157.8 182.8 230.6 42.3 114.0 107.9 147.4 136.3 117.0 +13.2 −4.5 78.1 124.6 110.5 154.8 199.7 181.8 +10.0 105.5 254.5 121.7 118.6 167.2 157.4 172.1 260.8
−70.4 36.7 44.2 39.0 38.9 40.4 45.8 142.6 160.4 127.1 109.7 127.8 80.8 92.8 13.0 22.1 14.5 18.1 139.5 131.0 131.0 148.0 143.5 81.3 194.0 163.8 133.2 208.0 118.0 110.7 142.4 −21.4 193.8 193.8 105.2 126.4 77.7 151.3 33.8 94.6 206.9 212.0 244.2 226.2 186.0 162.0 183.4 211.5 225.9 170.2 194.8 240.4 55.8 124.3 118.2 156.5 146.3 126.8 21.6 +3.4 85.8 134.8 120.0 166.0 211.7 192.6 18.1 116.0 268.3 132.1 128.5 177.8 168.0 184.2 273.0
Melting point, °C −138.5
−90.7 38 −62 −52.8 −123.7 −135 −119.5 −135.0 75 25.5 74.5 62.5 68 51.5 38
−83.2 61.5 89 −61
10 52.9 68.5 61 51.5 27 124 44 26.5
−105
−122 −60 −32.6
−66.9 44.5 −9.6 −31.5 24 51.5
2-72
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound
1
5
10
20
−16.5 −69.0 206.7 52.6 −159.5 36.3 −50.9 167.0 −43.4 28.5 −92.5 −29.5 47.0 −29.0 −31.3 −82.3 52.0 38.5 29.7 33.7 33.5 −9.8 44.0 107.6 −74.3 10.6 −18.4 −24.3 118.2 11.0 107.8 133.2 −89.8 +1.0 −5.1 +6.6 87.6 28.3 31.5 67.8 −14.5 −32.2 9.6 76.0 98.3 −168.3 112.0 −4.0 −11.0 −27.0 −44.5 53.0 −33.5
+5.6 −50.0 239.7 80.0 −148.5 63.1 −31.0 198.2 −23.5 54.0 −76.7 −8.7 70.7 −6.4 −12.0 −66.4 80.0 66.4 55.9 60.3 60.2 +13.9 72.0 136.4 −56.4 35.8 +4.0 −2.4 149.8 35.8 65.8 131.8 168.2 −73.9 25.4 +18.0 30.2 108.5 55.5 58.4 93.5 +9.2 −10.8 34.0 106.3 130.2 −158.3 142.4 +19.0 +10.5 +4.7 −24.0 79.7 −10.2
16.6 −40.3 254.5 93.7 −142.9 76.2 −20.7 213.5 −13.5 67.3 −68.7 +2.0 82.0 +5.0 −2.3 −58.3 93.8 80.6 69.0 73.9 73.9 25.9 86.0 150.3 −47.5 48.0 15.3 +8.4 165.0 48.0 77.8 143.7 186.0 −65.8 37.5 29.9 41.9 134.0 68.8 72.0 106.0 20.6 −0.1 46.3 121.7 146.0 −153.2 158.0 30.3 21.5 18.6 −13.6 92.1 +1.6
29.0 −29.5 270.6 108.4 −136.7 91.0 −9.8 230.0 −3.0 81.1 −59.9 13.0 94.4 17.7 +8.0 −48.6 109.0 96.0 83.1 88.5 88.5 38.6 101.4 166.8 −37.8 61.8 27.8 20.6 181.8 61.7 91.0 155.5 205.5 −56.8 50.4 42.0 54.3 150.3 83.6 86.7 119.8 33.4 +11.7 59.5 137.7 162.8 −147.6 173.5 42.5 33.0 32.7 −2.4 105.8 14.7
42.0 −17.3 289.1 124.6 −129.8 107.2 +3.7 247.0 +9.1 96.2 −50.0 26.0 108.1 31.8 19.0 −39.8 125.7 113.2 98.8 104.8 104.7 52.8 118.2 181.8 −26.7 77.0 41.5 33.8 199.8 76.3 105.6 168.8 226.5 −47.0 65.2 56.0 68.2 169.2 99.9 103.3 133.8 47.6 25.0 74.0 154.4 182.0 −141.3 191.0 56.0 45.8 48.0 +10.0 120.0 29.7
50.6 −9.7 300.2 135.2 −125.4 127.5 11.5 258.3 16.6 106.0 −43.4 33.5 116.7 40.6 26.0 −33.4 136.0 123.6 109.0 115.5 115.4 61.8 129.0 191.9 −19.5 86.7 50.1 42.3 211.5 85.8 114.8 177.3 239.8 −40.6 74.0 65.2 77.3 181.2 110.2 113.8 142.1 56.7 33.4 83.6 166.0 193.7 −137.3 201.8 64.1 53.8 57.9 18.1 129.5 39.0
62.0 +1.2 314.4 148.5 −119.3 131.4 22.1 273.5 27.0 118.5 −34.9 44.5 127.5 53.0 34.9 −25.1 149.8 137.3 122.3 129.2 128.4 74.1 143.2 205.0 −10.0 99.8 62.0 53.5 226.6 98.4 126.2 187.9 256.8 −32.0 86.0 76.6 89.3 196.0 124.3 127.2 152.8 69.0 45.0 96.1 180.3 209.8 −131.8 215.0 75.0 62.5 70.4 29.4 141.8 51.8
C4H10O2
−48.0
−26.2
−15.3
−3.0
+10.7
19.7
31.8
50.0
70.8
93.0
C3H8O2
−13.5
+10.2
22.0
34.3
47.8
56.4
68.0
85.3
104.3
124.4
−89.7 40.5 −117.0 −60.5 37.6 14.3 −20.0 50.0 −60.7 −112.5 −54.4 27.8 47.3 −76.7 26.5 −91.0
−73.8 67.3 −103.8 −42.2 63.8 38.8 +2.1 77.7 −41.9 −98.4 −34.3 57.3 74.0 −59.1 51.0 −75.6
−65.7 80.2 −97.7 −33.0 77.1 50.5 12.8 91.8 −32.3 −91.7 −24.3 72.1 87.3 −50.2 63.2 −67.8
−56.6 94.6 −90.0 −22.7 91.5 63.9 25.0 106.3 −21.9 −84.1 −13.1 88.0 101.8 −40.7 76.1 −59.1
−46.9 110.3 −81.8 −11.5 107.5 78.1 38.5 123.7 −10.2 −75.8 −0.9 106.0 117.7 −29.8 91.0 −49.4
−40.7 120.6 −76.4 −4.3 117.5 87.6 47.1 134.0 −2.9 −70.4 +7.2 117.8 127.6 −22.4 100.0 −43.3
−32.1 133.8 −69.3 −5.4 130.4 99.8 58.9 147.9 +7.2 −63.2 18.0 131.8 141.3 −13.0 112.0 −34.8
−19.5 153.2 −58.0 20.0 150.1 117.8 76.7 168.2 22.4 −52.0 34.1 149.8 160.2 +1.5 130.0 −22.0
−4.9 175.6 −45.5 37.1 172.5 138.0 97.0 192.2 39.8 −39.5 52.3 167.3 183.0 17.7 149.8 −7.8
+10.7 198.0 −32.0 54.3 195.0 158.2 118.5 216.0 57.4 −26.5 72.4 184.0 206.2 35.0 170.0 +7.5
Name
Formula
Epichlorohydrin 1,2-Epoxy-2-methylpropane Erucic acid Estragole (p-methoxy allyl benzene) Ethane Ethoxydimethylphenylsilane Ethoxytrimethylsilane Ethoxytriphenylsilane Ethyl acetate acetoacetate Ethylacetylene (1-butyne) Ethyl acrylate α-Ethylacrylic acid α-Ethylacrylonitrile Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Ethylamine 4-Ethylaniline N-Ethylaniline 2-Ethylanisole 3-Ethylanisole 4-Ethylanisole Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate benzoylacetate bromide α-bromoisobutyrate n-butyrate isobutyrate Ethylcamphoronic anhydride Ethyl isocaproate carbamate carbanilate Ethylcetylamine Ethyl chloride chloroacetate chloroglyoxylate α-chloropropionate trans-cinnamate 3-Ethylcumene 4-Ethylcumene Ethyl cyanoacetate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethyl dichloroacetate N,N-diethyloxamate N-Ethyldiphenylamine Ethylene Ethylene-bis-(chloroacetate) Ethylene chlorohydrin (2-chloroethanol) diamine (1,2-ethanediamine) dibromide (1,2-dibromethane) dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) glycol (1,2-ethanediol) glycol diethyl ether (1,2-diethoxyethane) glycol dimethyl ether (1,2-dimethoxyethane) glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxyethanol) oxide Ethyl α-ethylacetoacetate fluoride formate 2-furoate glycolate 3-Ethylhexane 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Ethylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethane) fluoride (1,1-difluoroethane) Ethyl iodide Ethyl l-leucinate Ethyl levulinate Ethyl mercaptan (ethanethiol) Ethyl methylcarbamate Ethyl methyl ether
C3H5ClO C4H8O C22H42O2 C10H12O C2H6 C10H16OSi C5H14OSi C20H20OSi C4H8O2 C6H10O3 C4H6 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H7N C2H6O C2H7N C8H11N C8H11N C9H12O C9H12O C9H12O C8H10 C9H10O2 C11H12O3 C2H5Br C6H11BrO2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C11H16O5 C8H16O2 C3H7NO2 C9H11NO2 C18H39N C2H5Cl C4H7ClO2 C4H5ClO3 C5H9ClO2 C11H12O2 C11H16 C11H16 C5H7NO2 C8H16 C7H14 C4H6Cl2O2 C8H15NO3 C14H15N C2H4 C6H8Cl2O4 C2H5ClO C2H8N2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Cl2 C2H6O2 C6H14O2
C2H4O C8H14O3 C2H5F C3H6O2 C7H8O3 C4H8O3 C8H18 C11H20O2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4F2 C2H5I C8H17NO2 C7H12O3 C2H6S C4H9NO2 C3H8O
40
60
100
200
400
760
Temperature, °C 79.3 98.0 117.9 17.5 36.0 55.5 336.5 358.8 381.5 168.7 192.0 215.0 −110.2 −99.7 −88.6 151.5 175.0 199.5 38.1 56.3 75.7 295.0 319.5 344.0 42.0 59.3 77.1 138.0 158.2 180.8 −21.6 −6.9 +8.7 61.5 80.0 99.5 144.0 160.7 179.2 71.6 92.2 114.0 48.4 63.5 78.4 −12.3 +2.0 16.6 170.6 194.2 217.4 156.9 180.8 204.0 142.1 164.2 187.1 149.7 172.8 196.5 149.2 172.3 196.5 92.7 113.8 136.2 164.8 188.4 213.4 223.8 244.7 265.0 +4.5 21.0 38.4 119.7 141.2 163.6 79.8 100.0 121.0 71.0 90.0 110.0 248.5 272.8 298.0 117.8 139.2 160.4 144.2 164.0 184.0 203.8 220.0 237.0 283.3 313.0 342.0 −18.6 −3.9 +12.3 103.8 123.8 144.2 94.5 114.7 135.0 107.2 126.2 146.5 219.3 245.0 271.0 145.4 168.2 193.0 148.3 171.8 195.8 169.8 187.8 206.0 87.8 109.1 131.8 62.4 82.3 103.4 115.2 135.9 156.5 202.8 226.5 252.0 233.0 258.8 286.0 −123.4 −113.9 −103.7 237.3 259.5 283.5 91.8 110.0 128.8 81.0 99.0 117.2 89.8 110.1 131.5 45.7 64.0 82.4 158.5 178.5 197.3 71.8 94.1 119.5
Melting point, °C −25.6 33.5 −183.2
−82.4 −45 −130 −71.2 −112 −80.6 −4 −63.5
−94.9 −34.6 −117.8 −93.3 −88.2 49 52.5 −139 −26 12
−111.3 −138.6
−169 −69 8.5 10 −35.3 −15.6
−111.3 −79 34
−96.7 −117 −105 −121
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-73
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
1-Ethylnaphthalene Ethyl α-naphthyl ketone (1-propionaphthone) Ethyl 3-nitrobenzoate 3-Ethylpentane 4-Ethylphenetole 2-Ethylphenol 3-Ethylphenol 4-Ethylphenol Ethyl phenyl ether (phenetole) Ethyl propionate Ethyl propyl ether Ethyl salicylate 3-Ethylstyrene 4-Ethylstyrene Ethylisothiocyanate 2-Ethyltoluene 3-Ethyltoluene 4-Ethyltoluene Ethyl trichloroacetate Ethyltrimethylsilane Ethyltrimethyltin Ethyl isovalerate 2-Ethyl-1,4-xylene 4-Ethyl-1,3-xylene 5-Ethyl-1,3-xylene Eugenol iso-Eugenol Eugenyl acetate Fencholic acid d-Fenchone dl-Fenchyl alcohol Fluorene Fluorobenzene 2-Fluorotoluene 3-Fluorotoluene 4-Fluorotoluene Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid trans-Fumaryl chloride Furfural (2-furaldehyde) Furfuryl alcohol Geraniol Geranyl acetate Geranyl n-butyrate Geranyl isobutyrate Geranyl formate Glutaric acid Glutaric anhydride Glutaronitrile Glutaryl chloride Glycerol Glycerol dichlorohydrin (1,3-dichloro-2-propanol) Glycol diacetate Glycolide (1,4-dioxane-2,6-dione) Guaicol (2-methoxyphenol) Heneicosane Heptacosane Heptadecane Heptaldehyde (enanthaldehyde) n-Heptane Heptanoic acid (enanthic acid) 1-Heptanol Heptanoyl chloride (enanthyl chloride) 2-Heptene Heptylbenzene Heptyl cyanide (enanthonitrile) Hexachlorobenzene Hexachloroethane Hexacosane Hexadecane 1-Hexadecene n-Hexadecyl alcohol (cetyl alcohol)
1
100
200
400
760
Melting point, °C
164.1
180.0
204.6
230.8
258.1
−27
206.9 192.6 17.5 119.8 117.9 130.0 131.3 86.6 27.2 −12.0 136.7 99.2 97.3 50.8 76.4 73.3 73.6 85.5 −9.0 30.0 55.2 96.0 97.2 92.6 155.8 167.0 183.0 171.8 99.5 110.8 185.2 +11.5 34.7 37.0 37.8 −70.6 137.5 24.0 79.5 82.1 95.7 141.8 150.0 170.1 164.0 136.2 226.3 185.5 176.4 128.3 198.0 93.0
218.2 205.0 25.7 129.8 127.9 139.8 141.7 95.4 35.1 −4.0 147.6 109.6 107.6 59.8 86.0 82.9 83.2 94.4 −1.2 38.4 64.0 106.2 107.4 103.0 167.3 178.2 194.0 181.5 109.8 120.2 197.8 19.6 43.7 45.8 46.5 −65.0 147.0 32.4 89.0 91.5 104.0 151.5 160.3 180.2 174.0 147.2 235.5 196.2 189.5 139.1 208.0 102.0
233.5 220.3 36.9 143.5 141.8 152.0 154.2 108.4 45.2 +6.8 161.5 123.2 121.5 71.9 99.0 95.9 96.3 107.4 +9.2 50.0 75.9 120.0 121.2 116.5 182.2 194.0 209.7 194.0 123.6 132.3 214.7 30.4 55.3 57.5 58.1 −57.3 157.5 43.8 101.0 103.4 115.9 165.3 175.2 193.8 187.7 160.7 247.0 212.5 205.5 151.8 220.1 114.8
255.5 244.6 53.8 163.2 161.6 171.8 175.0 127.9 61.7 23.3 183.7 144.0 142.0 90.0 119.0 115.5 116.1 125.8 25.0 67.3 93.8 140.2 141.8 137.4 204.7 217.2 232.5 215.0 144.0 150.0 240.3 47.2 73.0 75.4 76.0 −46.0 175.5 61.4 120.0 121.8 133.1 185.6 196.3 214.0 207.6 182.6 265.0 236.5 230.0 172.4 240.0 133.3
280.2 270.6 73.0 185.7 184.5 193.3 197.4 149.8 79.8 41.6 207.0 167.2 165.0 110.1 141.4 137.8 136.4 146.0 42.8 87.6 114.0 163.1 164.4 159.6 228.3 242.3 257.4 237.8 166.8 173.2 268.6 65.7 92.8 95.4 96.1 −33.0 193.5 80.3 140.0 141.8 151.8 207.8 219.8 235.0 228.5 205.8 283.5 261.0 257.3 195.3 263.0 153.5
306.0 298.0 93.5 208.0 207.5 214.0 219.0 172.0 99.1 61.7 231.5 191.5 189.0 131.0 165.1 161.3 162.0 167.0 62.0 108.8 134.3 186.9 188.4 183.7 253.5 267.5 282.0 264.1 191.0 201.0 295.0 84.7 114.0 116.0 117.0 −19.5 210.5 100.6 160.0 161.8 170.0 230.0 243.3 257.4 251.0 230.0 303.0 287.0 286.2 217.0 290.0 174.3
106.1 148.6 121.6 243.4 305.7 195.8 66.3 22.3 139.5 99.8 86.4 21.5 144.0 92.6 206.0 102.3 295.2 181.3 178.8 219.8
115.8 158.2 131.0 255.3 318.3 207.3 74.0 30.6 148.5 108.0 93.5 30.0 154.8 103.0 219.0 112.0 307.8 193.2 190.8 234.3
128.0 173.2 144.0 272.0 333.5 223.0 84.0 41.8 160.0 119.5 102.7 41.3 170.2 116.8 235.5 124.2 323.2 208.5 205.3 251.7
147.8 194.0 162.7 296.5 359.4 247.8 102.0 58.7 179.5 136.6 116.3 58.6 193.3 137.7 258.5 143.1 348.4 231.7 226.8 280.2
168.3 217.0 184.1 323.8 385.0 274.5 125.5 78.0 199.6 155.6 130.7 78.1 217.8 160.0 283.5 163.8 374.6 258.3 250.0 312.7
190.5 240.0 205.0 350.5 410.6 303.0 155.0 98.4 221.5 175.8 145.0 98.5 244.0 184.6 309.4 185.6 399.8 287.5 274.0 344.0
5
10
20
70.0
101.4
116.8
133.8
152.0
C13H12O C9H9NO4 C7H16 C10H14O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C5H10O2 C5H12O C9H10O3 C10H12 C10H12 C3H5NS C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C4H5Cl3O2 C5H14Si C5H14Sn C7H14O2 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H12O2 C10H12O2 C12H14O3 C10H16O2 C10H16O C10H18O C13H10 C6H5F C7H7F C7H7F C7H7F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H2Cl2O2 C5H4O2 C5H6O2 C10H18O C12H20O2 C14H24O2 C14H24O2 C11H18O2 C5H8O4 C5H6O3 C5H6N2 C5H6Cl2O2 C3H8O3 C3H6Cl2O
124.0 108.1 −37.8 48.5 46.2 60.0 59.3 18.1 −28.0 −64.3 61.2 28.3 26.0 −13.2 9.4 7.2 7.6 20.7 −60.6 −30.0 −6.1 25.7 26.3 22.1 78.4 86.3 101.6 101.7 28.0 45.8 −43.4 −24.2 −22.4 −21.8
155.5 140.2 −17.0 75.7 73.4 86.8 86.5 43.7 −7.2 −45.0 90.0 55.0 52.7 +10.6 34.8 32.3 32.7 45.5 −41.4 −7.6 +17.0 52.0 53.0 48.8 108.1 117.0 132.3 128.7 54.7 70.3 129.3 −22.8 −2.2 −0.3 +0.3
70.5 −20.0 +15.0 18.5 31.8 69.2 73.5 96.8 90.9 61.8 155.5 100.8 91.3 56.1 125.5 28.0
96.3 −5.0 38.5 42.6 56.0 96.8 102.7 125.2 119.6 90.3 183.8 133.3 123.7 84.0 153.8 52.2
171.0 155.0 −6.8 89.5 87.0 100.2 100.2 56.4 +3.4 −35.0 104.2 68.3 66.3 22.8 47.6 44.7 44.9 57.7 −31.8 +3.8 28.7 65.6 66.4 62.1 123.0 132.4 148.0 142.3 68.3 82.1 146.0 −12.4 +8.9 +11.0 11.8 −88.0 109.5 +2.1 51.8 54.8 68.0 110.0 117.9 139.0 133.0 104.3 196.0 149.5 140.0 97.8 167.2 64.7
188.1 173.6 +4.7 103.8 101.5 114.5 115.0 70.3 14.3 −24.0 119.3 82.8 80.8 36.1 61.2 58.2 58.5 70.6 −21.0 16.1 41.3 79.8 80.6 76.5 138.7 149.0 164.2 155.8 83.0 95.6 164.2 −1.2 21.4 23.4 24.0 −79.6 122.5 10.3 65.0 67.8 81.0 125.6 133.0 153.8 147.9 119.8 210.5 166.0 156.5 112.3 182.2 78.0
C6H10O4 C4H4O4 C7H8O2 C21H44 C27H56 C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H13ClO C7H14 C13H20 C7H13N C6Cl6 C2Cl6 C26H54 C16H34 C16H32 C16H34O
38.3
64.1 103.0 79.1 188.0 248.6 145.2 32.7 −12.7 101.3 64.3 54.6 −14.1 94.6 47.8 149.3 49.8 240.0 135.2 131.7 158.3
77.1 116.6 92.0 205.4 266.8 160.0 43.0 −2.1 113.2 74.7 64.6 −3.5 110.0 61.6 166.4 73.5 257.4 149.8 146.2 177.8
90.8 132.0 106.0 223.2 284.6 177.7 54.0 +9.5 125.6 85.8 75.0 +8.3 126.0 76.3 185.7 87.6 275.8 164.7 162.0 197.8
60
Temperature, °C
Formula C12H12
40
52.4 152.6 211.7 115.0 12.0 −34.0 78.0 42.4 34.2 −35.8 64.0 21.0 114.4 32.7 204.0 105.3 101.6 122.7
47 −118.6 −45 −4 46.5 −30.2 −72.6 1.3 −5.9 −95.5
−99.3
−10 295 19 5 35 113 −42.1 −80 −110.8 −92 8.2
97.5
17.9 −31 97 28.3 40.4 59.5 22.5 −42 −90.6 −10 34.6
230 186.6 56.6 18.5 4 49.3
2-74
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Formula
n-Hexadecylamine (cetylamine) Hexaethylbenzene n-Hexane 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 3-Hexanol 1-Hexene n-Hexyl levulinate n-Hexyl phenyl ketone (enanthophenone) Hydrocinnamic acid Hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid) Hydroquinone 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid α-Hydroxybutyronitrile 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone 3-Hydroxypropionitrile Indene Iodobenzene Iodononane 2-Iodotoluene α-Ionone Isoprene Lauraldehyde Lauric acid Levulinaldehyde Levulinic acid d-Limonene Linalyl acetate Maleic anhydride Menthane 1-Menthol Menthyl acetate benzoate formate Mesityl oxide Methacrylic acid Methacrylonitrile Methane Methanethiol Methoxyacetic acid N-Methylacetanilide Methyl acetate acetylene (propyne) acrylate alcohol (methanol) Methylamine N-Methylaniline Methyl anthranilate benzoate 2-Methylbenzothiazole α-Methylbenzyl alcohol Methyl bromide 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene Methyl isobutyl carbinol (2-methyl4-pentanol) n-butyl ketone (2-hexanone) isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone) n-butyrate isobutyrate caprate caproate caprylate chloride chloroacetate cinnamate α-Methylcinnamic acid Methylcyclohexane Methylcyclopentane Methylcyclopropane Methyl n-decyl ketone (n-dodecan-2-one) dichloroacetate N-Methyldiphenylamine
C16H35N C18H30 C6H14 C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H12 C11H20O3 C13H18O C9H10O2 CHN C6H6O2 C7H6O2 C4H8O3 C5H9NO C5H10O2 C6H12O2 C3H5NO C9H8 C6H5I C9H19I C7H7I C13H20O C5H8 C12H24O C12H24O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O3 C10H16 C12H20O2 C4H2O3 C10H20 C10H20O C12H22O2 C17H24O2 C11H20O2 C6H10O C4H6O2 C4H5N CH4 CH4S C3H6O3 C9H11NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH4O CH5N C7H9N C8H9NO2 C8H8O2 C8H7NS C8H10O CH3Br C5H10 C5H10 C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C11H22O2 C7H14O2 C9H18O2 CH3Cl C3H5ClO2 C10H10O2 C10H10O2 C7H14 C6H12 C4H8 C12H24O C3H4Cl2O2 C13H13N
1
5
10
20
40
60
100
123.6
157.8 134.3 −34.5 47.2 34.8 25.7 −38.0 120.0 130.3 133.5 −55.3 153.3 153.2 98.5 65.8 69.3 46.7 87.8 44.3 50.6 96.2 65.9 108.8 −62.3 108.4 150.6 54.9 128.1 40.4 82.5 63.4 35.7 83.2 85.8 154.2 75.8 +14.1 48.5 −23.3 −199.0 −75.3 79.3 103.8 −38.6 −97.5 −23.6 −25.3 −81.3 62.8 109.0 64.4 97.5 75.2 −80.6 −72.8 −57.0
176.0 150.3 −25.0 58.2 45.0 36.7 −28.1 134.7 145.5 148.7 −47.7 163.5 169.7 110.5 77.8 81.0 58.8 102.0 58.5 64.0 109.0 79.8 123.0 −53.3 123.7 166.0 68.0 141.8 53.8 96.0 78.7 48.3 96.0 100.0 170.0 90.0 26.0 60.0 −12.5 −195.5 −67.5 92.0 118.6 −29.3 −90.5 −13.5 −16.2 −73.8 76.2 124.2 77.3 111.2 88.0 −72.8 −64.3 −47.9
195.7 168.0 −14.1 70.3 55.9 49.0 −17.2 150.2 161.0 165.0 −39.7 174.6 186.8 123.8 90.7 94.0 72.0 117.9 73.9 78.3 123.0 95.6 139.0 −43.5 140.2 183.6 82.7 154.1 68.2 111.4 95.0 62.7 110.3 115.4 186.3 105.8 37.9 72.7 −0.6 −191.8 −58.8 106.5 135.1 −19.1 −82.9 −2.7 −6.0 −65.9 90.5 141.5 91.8 125.5 102.1 −64.0 −54.8 −37.9
215.7 187.7 −2.3 83.7 67.9 62.2 −5.0 167.8 178.9 183.3 −30.9 192.0 206.0 138.0 104.8 108.2 86.7 134.1 90.7 94.4 138.1 112.4 155.6 −32.6 157.8 201.4 98.3 169.5 84.3 127.7 111.8 78.3 126.1 132.1 204.3 123.0 51.7 86.4 +12.8 −187.7 −49.2 122.0 152.2 −7.9 −74.3 +9.2 +5.0 −56.9 106.0 159.7 107.8 141.2 117.8 −54.2 −44.1 −26.7
228.8 199.7 +5.4 92.0 76.0 70.7 +2.8 179.0 189.8 194.0 −25.1 203.0 217.5 146.4 113.9 117.4 96.0 144.7 100.8 105.0 147.7 123.8 166.3 −25.4 168.7 212.7 108.4 178.0 94.6 138.1 122.0 88.6 136.1 143.2 215.8 133.8 60.4 95.3 21.5 −185.1 −43.1 131.8 164.2 −0.5 −68.8 17.3 12.1 −51.3 115.8 172.0 117.4 150.4 127.4 −48.0 −37.3 −19.4
245.8 216.0 15.8 102.8 87.3 81.8 13.0 193.6 204.2 209.0 −17.8 216.5 233.5 157.7 125.0 129.0 108.2 157.7 114.7 118.3 159.8 138.1 181.2 −16.0 184.5 227.5 121.8 190.2 108.3 151.8 135.8 102.1 149.4 156.7 230.4 148.0 72.1 106.6 32.8 −181.4 −34.8 144.5 179.8 +9.4 −61.3 28.0 21.2 −43.7 129.8 187.8 130.8 163.9 140.3 −39.4 −28.0 −9.9
+22.1 28.8 +19.7 −5.5 −13.0 93.5 30.0 61.7 −99.5 19.0 108.1 155.0 −14.0 −33.8 −80.6 106.0 26.7 134.0
33.3 38.8 30.0 +5.0 −2.9 108.0 42.0 74.9 −92.4 30.0 123.0 169.8 −3.2 −23.7 −72.8 120.4 38.1 149.7
45.4 50.0 40.8 16.7 +8.4 123.0 55.4 89.0 −84.8 41.5 140.0 185.2 +8.7 −12.8 −64.0 136.0 50.7 165.8
58.2 62.0 52.8 29.6 21.0 139.0 70.0 105.3 −76.0 54.5 157.9 201.8 22.0 −0.6 −54.2 152.4 64.7 184.0
67.0 69.8 60.4 37.4 28.9 148.6 79.7 115.3 −70.4 63.0 170.0 212.0 30.5 +7.2 −48.0 163.8 73.6 195.4
78.0 79.8 70.4 48.0 39.6 161.5 91.4 128.0 −63.0 73.5 185.8 224.8 42.1 17.9 −39.3 177.5 85.4 210.1
200
400
760
Temperature, °C
−53.9 24.4 14.6 +2.5 −57.5 90.0 100.0 102.2 −71.0 132.4 121.2 73.5 41.0 44.6 22.0 58.7 16.4 24.1 70.0 37.2 79.5 −79.8 77.7 121.0 28.1 102.0 14.0 55.4 44.0 +9.7 56.0 57.4 123.2 47.3 −8.7 25.5 −44.5 −205.9 −90.7 52.5 −57.2 −111.0 −43.7 −44.0 −95.8 36.0 77.6 39.0 70.0 49.0 −96.3 −89.1 −75.4 −0.3 +7.7 −1.4 −26.8 −34.1 63.7 +5.0 34.2 −2.9 77.4 125.7 −35.9 −53.7 −96.0 77.1 3.2 103.5
272.2 300.4 330.0 241.7 268.5 298.3 31.6 49.6 68.7 119.6 138.0 157.0 103.7 121.8 139.9 98.3 117.0 135.5 29.0 46.8 66.0 215.7 241.0 266.8 225.0 248.3 271.3 230.8 255.0 279.8 −5.3 +10.2 25.9 238.0 262.5 286.2 256.8 282.6 310.0 175.2 193.8 212.0 142.0 159.8 178.8 146.5 165.5 185.0 126.8 147.5 167.9 178.0 200.0 221.0 135.6 157.8 181.6 139.8 163.9 188.6 179.0 199.3 219.5 160.0 185.7 211.0 202.5 225.2 250.0 −1.2 +15.4 32.6 207.8 231.8 257.0 249.8 273.8 299.2 142.0 164.0 187.0 208.3 227.4 245.8 128.5 151.4 175.0 173.3 196.2 220.0 155.9 179.5 202.0 122.7 146.0 169.5 168.3 190.2 212.0 178.8 202.8 227.0 253.2 277.1 301.0 169.8 194.2 219.0 90.0 109.8 130.0 123.9 142.5 161.0 50.0 70.3 90.3 −175.5 −168.8 −161.5 −22.1 −7.9 +6.8 163.5 184.2 204.0 202.3 227.4 253.0 24.0 40.0 57.8 −49.8 −37.2 −23.3 43.9 61.8 80.2 34.8 49.9 64.7 −32.4 −19.7 −6.3 149.3 172.0 195.5 212.4 238.5 266.5 151.4 174.7 199.5 183.2 204.5 225.5 159.0 180.7 204.0 −26.5 −11.9 +3.6 −13.8 +2.5 20.2 +4.9 21.6 38.5 94.9 94.3 85.6 64.3 55.7 181.6 109.8 148.1 −51.2 90.5 209.6 245.0 59.6 34.0 −26.0 199.0 103.2 232.8
113.5 111.0 102.0 83.1 73.6 202.9 129.8 170.0 −38.0 109.5 235.0 266.8 79.6 52.3 −11.3 222.5 122.6 257.0
131.7 127.5 119.0 102.3 92.6 224.0 150 193.0 −24.0 130.3 263.0 288.0 100.9 71.8 +4.5 246.5 143.0 282.0
Melting point, °C 130 −95.3 −51.6 −98.5 48.5 −13.2 170.3 115.5 79 −47 −2 −28.5
−146.7 44.5 48 33.5 −96.9 58 42.5 54.5 −59 15 −182.5 −121 102 −98.7 −102.7 −97.8 −93.5 −57 24 −12.5 15.4 −93 −135 −133 −56.9 −84.7 −84.7 −18 −40 −97.7 −31.9 33.4 −126.4 −142.4
−7.6
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-75
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm* (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Formula
Methyl n-dodecyl ketone (2-tetradecanone) Methylene bromide (dibromomethane) chloride (dichloromethane) Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane Methyl fluoride formate α-Methylglutaric anhydride Methyl glycolate 2-Methylheptadecane 2-Methylheptane 3-Methylheptane 4-Methylheptane 2-Methyl-2-heptene 6-Methyl-3-hepten-2-ol 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane Methyl iodide laurate levulinate methacrylate myristate α-naphthyl ketone (1-acetonaphthone) β-naphthyl ketone (2-acetonaphthone) n-nonyl ketone (undecan-2-one) palmitate n-pentadecyl ketone (2-heptdecanone) 2-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane 2-Methyl-1-pentanol 2-Methyl-2-pentanol Methyl n-pentyl ketone (2-heptanone) phenyl ether (anisole) 2-Methylpropene Methyl propionate 4-Methylpropiophenone 2-Methylpropionyl bromide Methyl propyl ether n-propyl ketone (2-pentanone) isopropyl ketone (3-Methyl-2-butanone) 2-Methylquinoline Methyl salicylate α-Methyl styrene 4-Methyl styrene Methyl n-tetradecyl ketone (2-hexadecanone) thiocyanate isothiocyanate undecyl ketone (2-tridecanone) isovalerate Monovinylacetylene (butenyne) Myrcene Myristaldehyde Myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid) Naphthalene 1-Naphthoic acid 2-Naphthoic acid 1-Naphthol 2-Naphthol 1-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine Nicotine 2-Nitroaniline 3-Nitroaniline 4-Nitroaniline 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde Nitrobenzene Nitroethane Nitroglycerin Nitromethane 2-Nitrophenol 2-Nitrophenyl acetate
C14H28O CH2Br2 CH2Cl2 C4H8O C8H18 C8H18 CH3F C2H4O2 C6H8O3 C3H6O3 C18H38 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H16 C8H16O C8H16O C7H16 C7H16 CH3I C13H26O2 C6H10O3 C5H8O2 C15H30O2 C12H10O C12H10O C11H22O C17H34O2 C17H34O C6H14 C6H14 C6H14O C6H14O C7H14O C7H8O C4H8 C4H8O2 C10H12O C4H7BrO C4H10O C5H10O C5H10O C10H9N C8H8O3 C9H10 C9H10 C16H32O C2H3NS C2H3NS C13H26O C6H12O2 C4H4 C10H16 C14H28O C14H28O2 C10H8 C11H8O2 C11H8O2 C10H8O C10H8O C10H9N C10H9N C10H14N2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C7H5NO3 C7H5NO3 C6H5NO2 C2H5NO2 C3H5N3O9 CH3NO2 C6H5NO3 C8H7NO4
1
5
10
20
40
99.3 −35.1 −70.0 −48.3 −24.0 −23.9 −147.3 −74.2 93.8 +9.6 119.8 −21.0 −19.8 −20.4 −16.1 41.6 41.9 −40.4 −39.0
130.0 −13.2 −52.1 −28.0 −1.8 −1.4 −137.0 −57.0 125.4 33.7 152.0 +1.3 +2.6 +1.5 +6.7 65.0 66.0 −19.5 −18.1 −55.0 117.9 66.4 −10.0 145.7 146.3 152.3 95.5 166.8 161.6 −41.7 −39.8 38.0 +16.8 43.6 30.0 −96.5 −21.5 89.3 38.4 −54.3 +8.0 −1.0 104.0 81.6 34.0 42.0
145.5 −2.4 −43.3 −17.7 +9.5 +9.9 −131.6 −48.6 141.8 45.3 168.7 12.3 13.3 12.4 17.8 76.7 77.8 −9.1 −7.8 −45.8 133.2 79.7 +1.0 160.8 161.5 168.5 108.9 184.3 178.0 −32.1 −30.1 49.6 27.6 55.5 42.2 −81.9 −11.8 103.8 50.6 −45.4 17.9 +8.3 119.0 95.3 47.1 55.1
161.3 +9.7 −33.4 −6.5 21.7 22.3 −125.9 −39.2 157.7 58.1 186.0 24.4 25.4 24.5 30.4 89.3 90.4 +2.3 +3.6 −35.6 149.0 93.7 11.0 177.8 178.4 185.7 123.1 202.0 196.4 −21.4 −19.4 61.6 38.8 67.7 55.8 −73.4 −1.0 120.2 64.1 −35.4 28.5 18.3 134.0 110.0 61.8 69.2
179.8 23.3 −22.3 +6.0 35.2 36.2 −119.1 −28.7 177.5 72.3 204.8 37.9 38.9 38.0 44.0 102.7 104.0 14.9 16.4 −24.2 166.0 109.5 25.5 195.8 196.8 203.8 139.0
151.5 +9.8 −8.3 117.0 +2.9 −77.7 40.0 132.0 174.1 74.2 184.0 189.7 125.5 128.6 137.7 141.6 91.8 135.7 151.5 177.6 117.7 127.4 71.6 +1.5 167 −7.9 76.8 128.0
167.3 21.6 +5.4 131.8 14.0 −70.0 53.2 148.3 190.8 85.8 196.8 202.8 142.0 145.5 153.8 157.6 107.2 150.4 167.8 194.4 133.4 142.8 84.9 12.5 188 +2.8 90.4 142.0
184.6 34.5 20.4 147.8 26.4 −61.3 67.0 166.2 207.6 101.7 211.2 216.9 158.0 161.8 171.6 175.8 123.7 167.7 185.5 213.2 150.0 159.0 99.3 24.8 210 14.1 105.8 155.8
60
100
200
400
760
191.4 31.6 −15.7 14.0 43.9 45.0 −115.0 −21.9 189.9 81.8 216.3 46.6 47.6 46.6 52.8 111.5 112.8 23.0 24.5 −16.9 176.8 119.3 34.5 207.5 208.6 214.7 148.6
206.0 42.3 −6.3 25.0 55.7 57.1 −109.0 −12.9 205.0 93.7 231.5 58.3 59.4 58.3 64.6 122.6 123.8 34.1 35.6 −7.0 190.8 133.0 47.0 222.6 223.8 229.8 161.0
228.2 58.5 +8.0 41.6 73.6 75.3 −99.9 +0.8 229.1 111.8 254.5 76.0 77.1 76.1 82.3 139.5 140.0 50.8 52.4 +8.0
253.3 79.0 24.1 60.0 94.0 96.2 −89.5 16.0 255.5 131.7 279.8 96.2 97.4 96.3 102.2 156.6 156.6 69.8 71.6 25.3
278.0 98.6 40.7 79.6 115.6 118.3 −78.2 32.0 282.5 151.5 306.5 117.6 118.9 117.7 122.5 175.5 174.3 90.0 91.9 42.4
153.4 63.0 245.3 246.7 251.6 181.2
175.8 82.0 269.8 270.5 275.8 202.3
197.7 101.0 295.8 295.5 301.0 224.0
214.3 −9.7 −7.3 74.7 51.3 81.2 70.7 −63.8 +11.0 138.0 79.4 −24.3 39.8 29.6 150.8 126.2 77.8 85.0
226.7 −1.9 +0.1 83.4 58.8 89.8 80.1 −57.7 18.7 149.3 88.8 −17.4 47.3 36.2 161.7 136.7 88.3 95.0
242.0 +8.1 10.5 94.2 69.2 100.0 93.0 −49.3 29.0 164.2 101.6 −8.1 56.8 45.5 176.2 150.0 102.2 108.6
265.8 24.1 26.5 111.3 85.0 116.1 112.3 −36.7 44.2 187.4 120.5 +6.0 71.0 59.0 197.8 172.6 121.8 128.7
291.7 41.6 44.2 129.8 102.6 133.2 133.8 −22.2 61.8 212.7 141.7 22.5 86.8 73.8 211.7 197.5 143.0 151.2
319.5 60.3 63.3 147.9 121.2 150.2 155.5 −6.9 79.8 238.5 163.0 39.1 103.3 88.9 246.5 223.2 165.4 175.0
203.7 49.0 38.2 165.7 39.8 −51.7 82.6 186.0 223.5 119.3 225.0 231.5 177.8 181.7 191.5 195.7 142.1 186.0 204.2 234.2 168.8 177.7 115.4 38.0 235 27.5 122.1 172.8
215.0 58.1 47.5 176.6 48.2 −45.3 92.6 198.3 237.2 130.2 234.5 241.3 190.0 193.7 203.8 208.1 154.7 197.8 216.5 245.9 180.7 189.5 125.8 46.5 251 35.5 132.6 181.7
230.5 70.4 59.3 191.5 59.8 −37.1 106.0 214.5 250.5 145.5 245.8 252.7 206.0 209.8 220.0 224.3 169.5 213.0 232.1 261.8 196.2 204.3 139.9 57.8
254.4 89.8 77.5 214.0 77.3 −24.1 126.0 240.4 272.3 167.7 263.5 270.3 229.6 234.0 244.9 249.7 193.8 236.3 255.3 284.5 220.0 227.4 161.2 74.8
279.8 110.8 97.8 238.3 96.7 −10.1 148.3 267.9 294.6 193.2 281.4 289.5 255.8 260.6 272.2 277.4 219.8 260.0 280.2 310.2 246.8 252.1 185.8 94.0
307.0 132.9 119.0 262.5 116.7 +5.3 171.5 297.8 318.0 217.9 300.0 308.5 282.5 288.0 300.8 306.1 247.3 284.5 305.7 336.0 273.5 278.3 210.6 114.0
46.6 146.4 194.1
63.5 167.6 213.0
82.0 191.0 233.5
101.2 214.5 253.0
Temperature, °C
87.8 39.8 −30.5 115.0 115.6 120.2 68.2 134.3 129.6 −60.9 −59.0 15.4 −4.5 19.3 +5.4 −105.1 −42.0 59.6 13.5 −72.2 −12.0 −19.9 75.3 54.0 7.4 16.0 109.8 −14.0 −34.7 86.8 −19.2 −93.2 14.5 99.0 142.0 52.6 156.0 160.8 94.0 104.3 108.0 61.8 104.0 119.3 142.4 85.8 96.2 44.4 −21.0 127 −29.0 49.3 100.0
Melting point, °C −52.8 −96.7 −85.9 −114.5 −90 −99.8
−109.5 −120.8 −121.1
−118.2 −64.4 5 18.5 55.5 15 30 −154 −118 −103 −37.3 −140.3 −87.5
−77.8 −92 −1 −8.3 −23.2
−51 35.5 28.5
23.5 57.5 80.2 160.5 184 96 122.5 50 111.5 71.5 114 146.5 40.9 58 +5.7 −90 11 −29 45
2-76
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
1-Nitropropane 2-Nitropropane 2-Nitrotoluene 3-Nitrotoluene 4-Nitrotoluene 4-Nitro-1,3-xylene (4-nitro-m-xylene) Nonacosane Nonadecane n-Nonane 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanone Octacosane Octadecane n-Octane n-Octanol (1-octanol) 2-Octanone n-Octyl acrylate iodide (1-Iodooctane) Oleic acid Palmitaldehyde Palmitic acid Palmitonitrile Pelargonic acid Pentachlorobenzene Pentachloroethane Pentachloroethylbenzene Pentachlorophenol Pentacosane Pentadecane 1,3-Pentadiene 1,4-Pentadiene Pentaethylbenzene Pentaethylchlorobenzene n-Pentane iso-Pentane (2-methylbutane) neo-Pentane (2,2-dimethylpropane) 2,3,4-Pentanetriol 1-Pentene α-Phellandrene Phenanthrene Phenethyl alcohol (phenyl cellosolve) 2-Phenetidine Phenol 2-Phenoxyethanol 2-Phenoxyethyl acetate Phenyl acetate Phenylacetic acid Phenylacetonitrile Phenylacetyl chloride Phenyl benzoate 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one Phenyl isocyanate isocyanide Phenylcyclohexane Phenyl dichlorophosphate m-Phenylene diamine (1,3-phenylenediamine) Phenylglyoxal Phenylhydrazine N-Phenyliminodiethanol 1-Phenyl-1,3-pentanedione 2-Phenylphenol 4-Phenylphenol 3-Phenyl-1-propanol Phenyl isothiocyanate Phorone iso-Phorone Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) Phthalic anhydride Phthalide Phthaloyl chloride 2-Picoline Pimelic acid α-Pinene β-Pinene
1
5
10
20
40
C3H7NO2 −9.6 C3H7NO2 −18.8 C7H7NO2 50.0 C7H7NO2 50.2 C7H7NO2 53.7 C8H9NO2 65.6 C29H60 234.2 C19H40 133.2 C9H20 +1.4 C9H20O 59.5 C9H18O 32.1 C28H58 226.5 C18H38 119.6 C8H18 −14.0 C8H18O 54.0 C8H16O 23.6 C11H20O2 58.5 C8H17I 45.8 C18H34O2 176.5 C16H32O 121.6 C16H32O2 153.6 C16H31N 134.3 C9H18O2 108.2 C6HCl5 98.6 C2HCl5 +1.0 C8H5Cl5 96.2 C6HCl5O C25H52 194.2 C15H32 91.6 C5H8 −71.8 C5H8 −83.5 C16H26 86.0 C16H25Cl 90.0 C5H12 −76.6 C5H12 −82.9 C5H12 −102.0 C5H12O3 155.0 C5H10 −80.4 C10H16 20.0 C14H10 118.2 C8H10O2 58.2 C8H11NO 67.0 C6H6O 40.1 C8H10O2 78.0 C10H12O3 82.6 C8H8O2 38.2 C8H8O2 97.0 C8H7N 60.0 C8H7ClO 48.0 C13H10O2 106.8 C10H10O 81.7 C7H5NO 10.6 C7H5N 12.0 C12H16 67.5 C6H5Cl2O2P 66.7
+13.5 +4.1 79.1 81.0 85.0 95.0 269.8 166.3 25.8 86.1 59.0 260.3 152.1 +8.3 76.5 48.4 87.7 74.8 208.5 154.6 188.1 168.3 126.0 129.7 27.2 130.0
25.3 15.8 93.8 96.0 100.5 109.8 286.4 183.5 38.0 99.7 72.3 277.4 169.6 19.2 88.3 60.9 102.0 90.0 223.0 171.8 205.8 185.8 137.4 144.3 39.8 148.0
230.0 121.0 −53.8 −66.2 120.0 123.8 −62.5 −65.8 −85.4 189.3 −63.3 45.7 154.3 85.9 94.7 62.5 106.6 113.5 64.8 127.0 89.0 75.3 141.5 112.2 36.0 37.0 96.5 95.9
248.2 135.4 −45.0 −57.1 135.8 140.7 −50.1 −57.0 −76.7 204.5 −54.5 58.0 173.0 100.0 108.6 73.8 121.2 128.0 78.0 141.3 103.5 89.0 157.8 127.4 48.5 49.7 111.3 110.0
37.9 28.2 109.6 112.8 117.7 125.8 303.6 200.8 51.2 113.8 87.2 295.4 187.5 31.5 101.0 74.3 117.8 105.9 240.0 190.0 223.8 204.2 149.8 160.0 53.9 166.0 192.2 266.1 150.2 −34.8 −47.7 152.4 158.1 −40.2 −47.3 −67.2 220.5 −46.0 72.1 193.7 114.8 123.7 86.0 136.0 144.5 92.3 156.0 119.4 103.6 177.0 143.8 62.5 63.4 126.4 125.9
51.8 41.8 126.3 130.7 136.0 143.3 323.2 220.0 66.0 129.0 103.4 314.2 207.4 45.1 115.2 89.8 135.6 123.8 257.2 210.0 244.4 223.8 163.7 178.5 69.9 186.2 211.2 285.6 167.7 −23.4 −37.0 171.9 178.2 −29.2 −36.5 −56.1 239.6 −34.1 87.8 215.8 130.5 139.9 100.1 152.2 162.3 108.1 173.6 136.3 119.8 197.6 161.3 77.7 78.3 144.0 143.4
C6H8N2 C8H6O2 C6H8N2 C10H15NO2 C11H12O2 C12H10O C12H10O C9H12O C7H5NS C9H14O C9H14O CCl2O C8H4O3 C8H6O2 C8H4Cl2O2 C6H7N C7H12O4 C10H16 C10H16
71.8 145.0 98.0 100.0
131.2 75.0 101.6 179.2 128.5 131.6
74.7 47.2 42.0 38.0 −92.9 96.5 95.5 86.3 −11.1 163.4 −1.0 +4.2
102.4 75.6 68.3 66.7 −77.0 121.3 127.7 118.3 +12.6 196.2 +24.6 30.0
147.0 87.8 115.8 195.8 144.0 146.2 176.2 116.0 89.8 81.5 81.2 −69.3 134.0 144.0 134.2 24.4 212.0 37.3 42.3
163.8 100.7 131.5 213.4 159.9 163.3 193.8 131.2 115.5 95.6 96.8 −60.3 151.7 161.3 151.0 37.4 229.3 51.4 58.1
182.5 115.5 148.2 233.0 178.0 180.3 213.0 147.4 122.5 111.3 114.5 −50.3 172.0 181.0 170.0 51.2 247.0 66.8 71.5
60
100
200
400
760
60.5 50.3 137.6 142.5 147.9 153.8 334.8 232.8 75.5 139.0 113.8 326.8 219.7 53.8 123.8 99.0 145.6 135.4 269.8 222.6 256.0 236.6 172.3 190.1 80.0 199.0 223.4 298.4 178.4 −16.5 −30.0 184.2 191.0 −22.2 −29.6 −49.0 249.8 −27.1 97.6 229.9 141.2 149.8 108.4 163.2 174.0 118.1 184.5 147.7 129.8 210.8 172.6 87.7 88.0 154.2 153.6
72.3 62.0 151.5 156.9 163.0 168.5 350.0 248.0 88.1 151.3 127.4 341.8 236.0 65.7 135.2 111.7 159.1 150.0 286.0 239.5 271.5 251.5 184.4 205.5 93.5 216.0 239.6 314.0 194.0 −6.7 −20.6 200.0 208.0 −12.6 −20.2 −39.1 263.5 −17.7 110.6 249.0 154.0 163.5 121.4 176.5 189.2 131.6 198.2 161.8 143.5 227.8 187.8 100.6 101.0 169.3 168.0
90.2 80.0 173.7 180.3 186.7 191.7 373.2 271.8 107.5 170.5 148.2 364.8 260.6 83.6 152.0 130.4 180.2 173.3 309.8 264.1 298.7 277.1 203.1 227.0 114.0 241.8 261.8 339.0 216.1 +8.0 −6.7 224.1 230.3 +1.9 −5.9 −23.7 284.5 −3.4 130.6 277.1 175.0 184.0 139.0 197.6 211.3 151.2 219.5 184.2 163.8 254.0 211.0 120.8 120.8 191.3 189.8
110.6 99.8 197.7 206.8 212.5 217.5 397.2 299.8 128.2 192.1 171.2 388.9 288.0 104.0 173.8 151.0 204.0 199.3 334.7 292.3 326.0 304.5 227.5 251.6 137.2 269.3 285.0 365.4 242.8 24.7 +8.3 250.2 257.2 18.5 +10.5 −7.1 307.0 +12.8 152.0 308.0 197.5 207.0 160.0 221.0 235.0 173.5 243.0 208.5 186.0 283.5 235.4 142.7 142.3 214.6 213.0
131.6 120.3 222.3 231.9 238.3 244.0 421.8 330.0 150.8 213.5 195.0 412.5 317.0 125.6 195.2 172.9 227.0 225.5 360.0 321.0 353.8 332.0 253.5 276.0 160.5 299.0 309.3 390.3 270.5 42.1 26.1 277.0 285.0 36.1 27.8 +9.5 327.2 30.1 175.0 340.2 219.5 228.0 181.9 245.3 259.7 195.9 265.5 233.5 210.0 314.0 261.0 165.6 165.0 240.0 239.5
194.0 124.2 158.7 245.3 189.8 192.2 225.3 156.8 133.3 121.4 125.6 −44.0 185.3 193.5 182.2 59.9 258.2 76.8 81.2
209.9 136.2 173.5 260.6 204.5 205.9 240.9 170.3 147.7 134.0 140.6 −35.6 202.3 210.0 197.8 71.4 272.0 90.1 94.0
233.0 153.8 195.4 284.5 226.7 227.9 263.2 191.2 169.6 153.5 163.3 −22.3 228.0 234.5 222.0 89.0 294.5 110.2 114.1
259.0 173.5 218.2 311.3 251.2 251.8 285.5 212.8 194.0 175.3 188.7 −7.6 256.8 261.8 248.3 108.4 318.5 132.3 136.1
285.5 193.5 243.5 337.8 276.5 275.0 308.0 235.0 218.5 197.2 215.2 +8.3 284.5 290.0 275.8 128.8 342.1 155.0 158.3
Temperature, °C
Formula
99.8
Melting point, °C −108 −93 −4.1 15.5 51.9 +2 63.8 32 −53.7 −5 −19 61.6 28 −56.8 −15.4 −16 −45.9 14 34 64.0 31 12.5 85.5 −22 188.5 53.3 10
−129.7 −159.7 −16.6
99.5 40.6 11.6 −6.7 76.5 −23.8 70.5 41.5 +7.5 62.8 73 19.5 56.5 164.5 −21.0 28 −104 130.8 73 88.5 −70 103 −55
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-77
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Piperidine Piperonal Propane Propenylbenzene Propionamide Propionic acid anhydride Propionitrile Propiophenone n-Propyl acetate iso-Propyl acetate n-Propyl alcohol (1-propanol) iso-Propyl alcohol (2-propanol) n-Propylamine Propylbenzene Propyl benzoate n-Propyl bromide (1-bromopropane) iso-Propyl bromide (2-bromopropane) n-Propyl n-butyrate isobutyrate iso-Propyl isobutyrate Propyl carbamate n-Propyl chloride (1-chloropropane) iso-Propyl chloride (2-chloropropane) iso-Propyl chloroacetate Propyl chloroglyoxylate Propylene Propylene glycol (1,2-Propanediol) Propylene oxide n-Propyl formate iso-Propyl formate 4,4′-iso-Propylidenebisphenol n-Propyl iodide (1-iodopropane) iso-Propyl iodide (2-iodopropane) n-Propyl levulinate iso-Propyl levulinate Propyl mercaptan (1-propanethiol) 2-iso-Propylnaphthalene iso-Propyl β-naphthyl ketone (2-isobutyronaphthone) 2-iso-Propylphenol 3-iso-Propylphenol 4-iso-Propylphenol Propyl propionate 4-iso-Propylstyrene Propyl isovalerate Pulegone Pyridine Pyrocatechol Pyrocaltechol diacetate (1,2-phenylene diacetate) Pyrogallol Pyrotartaric anhydride Pyruvic acid Quinoline iso-Quinoline Resorcinol Safrole Salicylaldehyde Salicylic acid Sebacic acid Selenophene Skatole Stearaldehyde Stearic acid Stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) Styrene Styrene dibromide [(1,2-dibromoethyl) benzene] Suberic acid Succinic anhydride Succinimide Succinyl chloride α-Terpineol Terpenoline
1
5
10
20
87.0 −128.9 17.5 65.0 4.6 20.6 −35.0 50.0 −26.7 −38.3 −15.0 −26.1 −64.4 6.3 54.6 −53.0 −61.8 −1.6 −6.2 −16.3 52.4 −68.3 −78.8 +3.8 9.7 −131.9 45.5 −75.0 −43.0 −52.0 193.0 −36.0 −43.3 59.7 48.0 −56.0 76.0
−7.0 117.4 −115.4 43.8 91.0 28.0 45.3 −13.6 77.9 −5.4 −17.4 +5.0 −7.0 −46.3 31.3 83.8 −33.4 −42.5 +22.1 +16.8 +5.8 77.6 −50.0 −61.1 28.1 32.3 −120.7 70.8 −57.8 −22.7 −32.7 224.2 −13.5 −22.1 86.3 74.5 −36.3 107.9
+3.9 132.0 −108.5 57.0 105.0 39.7 57.7 −3.0 92.2 +5.0 −7.2 14.7 +2.4 −37.2 43.4 98.0 −23.3 −32.8 34.0 28.3 17.0 90.0 −41.0 −52.0 40.2 43.5 −112.1 83.2 −49.0 −12.6 −22.7 240.8 −2.4 −11.7 99.9 88.0 −26.3 123.4
15.8 148.0 −100.9 71.5 119.0 52.0 70.4 +8.8 107.6 16.0 +4.2 25.3 12.7 −27.1 56.8 114.3 −12.4 −22.0 47.0 40.6 29.0 103.2 −31.0 −42.0 53.9 55.6 −104.7 96.4 −39.3 −1.7 −12.1 255.5 +10.0 0.0 114.0 102.4 −15.4 140.3
29.2 165.7 −92.4 87.7 134.8 65.8 85.6 22.0 124.3 28.8 17.0 36.4 23.8 −16.0 71.6 131.8 −0.3 −10.1 61.5 54.3 42.4 117.7 −19.5 −31.0 68.7 68.8 −96.5 111.2 −28.4 +10.8 −0.2 273.0 23.6 +13.2 130.1 118.1 −3.2 159.0
60
100
200
400
760
37.7 177.0 −87.0 97.8 144.3 74.1 94.5 30.1 135.0 37.0 25.1 43.5 30.5 −9.0 81.1 143.3 +7.5 −2.5 70.3 63.0 51.4 126.5 −12.1 −23.5 78.0 77.2 −91.3 119.9 −21.3 18.8 +7.5 282.9 32.1 21.6 140.6 127.8 +4.6 171.4
49.0 191.7 −79.6 111.7 156.0 85.8 107.2 41.4 149.3 47.8 35.7 52.8 39.5 +0.5 94.0 157.4 18.0 +8.0 82.6 73.9 62.3 138.3 −2.5 −13.7 90.3 88.0 −84.1 132.0 −12.0 29.5 17.8 297.0 43.8 32.8 154.0 141.8 15.3 187.6
66.2 214.3 −68.4 132.0 174.2 102.5 127.8 58.2 170.2 64.0 51.7 66.8 53.0 15.0 113.5 180.1 34.0 23.8 101.0 91.8 80.2 155.8 +12.2 +1.3 108.8 104.7 −73.3 149.7 +2.1 45.3 33.6 317.5 61.8 50.0 175.6 161.6 31.5 211.8
85.7 238.5 −55.6 154.7 194.0 122.0 146.0 77.7 194.2 82.0 69.8 82.0 67.8 31.5 135.7 205.2 52.0 41.5 121.7 112.0 100.0 175.8 29.4 18.1 128.0 123.0 −60.9 168.1 17.8 62.6 50.5 339.0 81.8 69.5 198.0 185.2 49.2 238.5
106.0 263.0 −42.1 179.0 213.0 141.1 167.0 97.1 218.0 101.8 89.0 97.8 82.5 48.5 159.2 231.0 71.0 60.0 142.7 133.9 120.5 195.0 46.4 36.5 148.6 150.0 −47.7 188.2 34.5 81.3 68.3 360.5 102.5 89.5 221.2 208.2 67.4 266.0
Temperature, °C
Formula C5H11N C8H6O3 C3H8 C9H10 C3H7NO C3H6O2 C6H10O3 C3H5N C9H10O C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C3H8O C3H8O C3H9N C9H12 C10H12O2 C3H7Br C3H7Br C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C4H9NO2 C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C5H9ClO2 C5H7ClO3 C3H6 C3H8O2 C3H6O C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C15H16O2 C3H7I C3H7I C8H14O3 C8H14O3 C3H8S C13H14
40
C14H14O C9H12O C9H12O C9H12O C6H12O2 C11H14 C8H16O2 C10H16O C5H5N C6H6O2
133.2 56.6 62.0 67.0 −14.2 34.7 +8.0 58.3 −18.9
165.4 83.8 90.3 94.7 +8.0 62.3 32.8 82.5 +2.5 104.0
181.0 97.0 104.1 108.0 19.4 76.0 45.1 94.0 13.2 118.3
197.7 111.7 119.8 123.4 31.6 91.2 58.0 106.8 24.8 134.0
215.6 127.5 136.2 139.8 45.0 108.0 72.8 121.7 38.0 150.6
227.0 137.7 146.6 149.7 53.8 118.4 82.3 130.2 46.8 161.7
242.3 150.3 160.2 163.3 65.2 132.8 95.0 143.1 57.8 176.0
264.0 170.1 182.0 184.0 82.7 153.9 113.9 162.5 75.0 197.7
288.2 192.6 205.0 206.1 102.0 178.0 135.0 189.8 95.6 221.5
313.0 214.5 228.0 228.2 122.4 202.5 155.9 221.0 115.4 245.5
C10H10O4 C6H6O3 C5H6O3 C3H4O3 C9H7N C9H7N C6H6O2 C10H10O2 C7H6O2 C7H6O3 C10H18O4 C4H4Se C9H9N C18H36O C18H36O2 C18H36O C8H8
98.0 69.7 21.4 59.7 63.5 108.4 63.8 33.0 113.7 183.0 −39.0 95.0 140.0 173.7 150.3 −7.0
129.8 151.7 99.7 45.8 89.6 92.7 138.0 93.0 60.1 136.0 215.7 −16.0 124.2 174.6 209.0 185.6 +18.0
145.7 167.7 114.2 57.9 103.8 107.8 152.1 107.6 73.8 146.2 232.0 −4.0 139.6 192.1 225.0 202.0 30.8
161.8 185.3 130.0 70.8 119.8 123.7 168.0 123.0 88.7 156.8 250.0 +9.1 154.3 210.6 243.4 220.0 44.6
179.8 204.2 147.8 85.3 136.7 141.6 185.3 140.1 105.2 172.2 268.2 24.1 171.9 230.8 263.3 240.4 59.8
191.6 216.3 158.6 94.1 148.1 152.0 195.8 150.3 115.7 182.0 279.8 33.8 183.6 244.2 275.5 252.7 69.5
206.5 232.0 173.8 106.5 163.2 167.6 209.8 165.1 129.4 193.4 294.5 47.0 197.4 260.0 291.0 269.4 82.0
228.7 255.3 196.1 124.7 186.2 190.0 230.8 186.2 150.0 210.0 313.2 66.7 218.8 285.0 316.5 293.5 101.3
253.3 281.5 221.0 144.7 212.3 214.5 253.4 210.0 173.7 230.5 332.8 89.8 242.5 313.8 343.0 320.3 122.5
278.0 309.0 247.4 165.0 237.7 240.5 276.5 233.0 196.5 256.0 352.3 114.3 266.2 342.5 370.0 349.5 145.2
C8H8Br2 C8H14O4 C4H4O3 C4H5NO2 C4H4Cl2O2 C10H18O C10H16
86.0 172.8 92.0 115.0 39.0 52.8 32.3
115.6 205.5 115.0 143.2 65.0 80.4 58.0
129.8 219.5 128.2 157.0 78.0 94.3 70.6
145.2 238.2 145.3 174.0 91.8 109.8 84.8
161.8 254.6 163.0 192.0 107.5 126.0 100.0
172.2 265.4 174.0 203.0 117.2 136.3 109.8
186.3 279.8 189.0 217.4 130.0 150.1 122.7
207.8 300.5 212.0 240.0 149.3 171.2 142.0
230.0 322.8 237.0 263.5 170.0 194.3 163.5
254.0 345.5 261.0 287.5 192.5 217.5 185.0
Melting point, °C −9 37 −187.1 −30.1 79 −22 −45 −91.9 21 −92.5 −127 −85.8 −83 −99.5 −51.6 −109.9 −89.0 −95.2
−122.8 −117 −185 −112.1 −92.9 −98.8 −90 −112
15.5 26 61 −76
−42 105 133 13.6 −15 24.6 110.7 11.2 −7 159 134.5 95 63.5 69.3 58.5 −30.6 142 119.6 125.5 17 35
2-78
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-10
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Continued) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Formula
1,1,1,2-Tetrabromoethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane Tetraisobutylene Tetracosane 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,2,3,5-Tetrachloro-4-ethylbenzene Tetrachloroethylene 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-xylene Tetradecane Tetradecylamine Tetradecyltrimethylsilane Tetraethoxysilane 1,2,3,4-Tetraethylbenzene Tetraethylene glycol Tetraethylene glycol chlorohydrin Tetraethyllead Tetraethylsilane Tetralin 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Tetramethylene dibromide (1,4-dibromobutane) Tetramethyllead Tetramethyltin Tetrapropylene glycol monoisopropyl ether Thioacetic acid (mercaptoacetic acid) Thiodiglycol (2,2′-thiodiethanol) Thiophene Thiophenol (benzenethiol) α-Thujone Thymol Tiglaldehyde Tiglic acid Tiglonitrile Toluene Toluene-2,4-diamine 2-Toluic nitrile (2-tolunitrile) 4-Toluic nitrile (4-tolunitrile) 2-Toluidine 3-Toluidine 4-Toluidine 2-Tolyl isocyanide 4-Tolylhydrazine Tribromoacetaldehyde 1,1,2-Tribromobutane 1,2,2-Tribromobutane 2,2,3-Tribromobutane 1,1,2-Tribromoethane 1,2,3-Tribromopropane Triisobutylamine Triisobutylene 2,4,6-Tritertbutylphenol Trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic anhydride Trichloroacetyl bromide 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene 1,2,3-Trichlorobutane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene Trichlorofluoromethane 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
C2H2Br4 C2H2Br4 C16H32 C24H50 C6H2Cl4 C6H2Cl4 C6H2Cl4 C2Cl4F2 C2H2Cl4 C2H2Cl4 C8H6Cl4 C2Cl4 C6H2Cl4O C8H6Cl4 C14H30 C14H31N C17H38Si C8H20O4Si C14H22 C8H18O5 C8H17ClO4 C8H20Pb C8H20Si C10H12 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C8H18 C4H8Br2 C4H12Pb C4H12Sn C15H32O5 C2H4O2S C4H10O2S C4H4S C6H6S C10H16O C10H14O C5H8O C5H8O2 C5H7N C7H8 C7H10N2 C8H7N C8H7N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C8H7N C7H10N2 C2HBr3O C4H7Br3 C4H7Br3 C4H7Br3 C2H3Br3 C3H5Br3 C12H27N C12H24 C18H30O C2HCl3O2 C4Cl6O3 C2BrCl3O C6H4Cl3N C6H3Cl3 C6H3Cl3 C6H3Cl3 C4H7Cl3 C2H3Cl3 C2H3Cl3 C2HCl3 CCl3F C6H3Cl3O C6H3Cl3O
1
5
10
20
58.0 65.0 63.8 183.8 68.5 58.2
83.3 95.5 93.7 219.6 99.6 89.0
95.7 110.0 108.5 237.6 114.7 104.1
108.5 126.0 124.5 255.3 131.2 121.6
−37.5 −16.3 −3.8 77.0 −20.6 100.0 94.4 76.4 102.6 120.0 16.0 65.7 153.9 110.1 38.4 −1.0 38.0 42.6 40.6 45.0 −17.4
−16.0 +7.4 +20.7 110.0 +2.4 130.3 125.0 106.0 135.8 150.7 40.3 96.2 183.7 141.8 63.6 +23.9 65.3 68.7 65.8 65.0 +3.2
−5.0 19.3 33.0 126.0 13.8 145.3 140.3 120.7 152.0 166.2 52.6 111.6 197.1 156.1 74.8 36.3 79.0 81.8 77.8 74.6 13.5
32.0 −29.0 −51.3 116.6 60.0 42.0 −40.7 18.6 38.3 64.3 −25.0 52.0 −25.5 −26.7 106.5 36.7 42.5 44.0 41.0 42.0 25.2 82.4 18.5 45.0 41.0 38.2 32.6 47.5 32.3 18.0 95.2 51.0 56.2 −7.4 134.0 40.0 38.4
58.8 −6.8 −31.0 147.8 87.7 96.0 −20.8 43.7 65.7 92.8 −1.6 77.8 −2.4 −4.4 137.2 64.0 71.3 69.3 68.0 68.2 51.0 110.0 45.0 73.5 69.0 66.0 58.0 75.8 57.4 44.0 126.1 76.0 85.3 +16.7 157.8 70.0 67.3 63.8 27.2 −32.0 −2.0 −22.8 −67.6 102.1 105.9
72.4 +4.4 −20.6 163.0 101.5 128.0 −10.9 56.0 79.3 107.4 +10.0 90.2 +9.2 +6.4 151.7 77.9 85.8 81.4 82.0 81.8 64.0 123.8 58.0 87.8 83.2 79.8 70.6 90.0 69.8 56.5 142.0 88.2 99.6 29.3 170.0 85.6 81.7 78.0 40.0 −21.9 +8.3 −12.4 −59.0 117.3 120.2
40
60
100
200
400
760
Temperature, °C
+0.5 −52.0 −24.0 −43.8 −84.3 72.0 76.5
Melting point, °C
+6.7 32.1 46.2 143.7 26.3 161.0 156.0 135.6 170.0 183.5 65.8 127.7 212.3 172.6 88.0 50.0 93.8 95.8 91.0 88.0 24.6
123.2 144.0 142.2 276.3 149.2 140.0 146.0 19.8 46.7 60.8 162.1 40.1 179.1 174.2 152.7 189.0 201.5 81.1 145.8 228.0 190.0 102.4 65.3 110.4 111.5 105.8 104.2 36.8
132.0 155.1 152.6 288.4 160.0 152.0 157.7 28.1 56.0 70.0 175.0 49.2 190.0 185.8 164.0 200.2 213.3 90.7 156.7 237.8 200.5 111.7 74.8 121.3 121.8 115.4 114.8 44.5
144.0 170.0 167.5 305.2 175.7 168.0 173.5 38.6 68.0 83.2 191.6 61.3 205.2 200.5 178.5 215.7 227.8 103.6 172.4 250.0 214.7 123.8 88.0 135.3 135.7 128.3 128.1 54.8
161.5 192.5 190.0 330.5 198.0 193.7 196.0 55.0 87.2 102.2 215.3 79.8 227.2 223.0 201.8 239.8 250.0 123.5 196.0 268.4 236.5 142.0 108.0 157.2 155.7 149.9 149.5 70.2
181.0 217.5 214.6 358.0 225.5 220.0 220.5 73.1 108.2 124.0 243.0 100.0 250.4 248.3 226.8 264.6 275.0 146.2 221.4 288.0 258.2 161.8 130.2 181.8 180.0 173.7 172.1 87.4
200.0 243.5 240.0 386.4 254.0 246.0 245.0 92.0 130.5 145.9 270.0 120.8 275.0 273.5 252.5 291.2 300.0 168.5 248.0 307.8 281.5 183.0 153.0 207.2 204.4 197.9 195.9 106.3
87.6 16.6 −9.3 179.8 115.8 165.0 0.0 69.7 93.7 122.6 23.2 103.8 22.1 18.4 167.9 93.0 101.7 95.1 96.7 95.8 78.2 138.6 72.1 103.2 98.6 94.6 84.2 105.8 83.0 70.0 158.0 101.8 114.3 42.1 182.6 101.8 97.2 93.7 55.0 −10.8 21.6 −1.0 −49.7 134.0 135.8
104.0 30.3 +3.5 197.7 131.8 210.0 +12.5 84.2 110.0 139.8 37.0 119.0 36.7 31.8 185.7 110.0 109.5 110.0 113.5 111.5 94.0 154.1 87.8 120.2 116.0 111.8 100.0 122.8 97.8 86.7 177.4 116.3 131.2 57.2 195.8 119.8 114.8 110.8 71.5 +1.6 35.2 +11.9 −39.0 151.5 152.2
115.1 39.2 11.7 209.0 142.0 240.5 20.1 93.9 120.2 149.8 45.8 127.8 46.0 40.3 196.2 120.8 130.0 119.8 123.8 121.5 104.0 165.0 97.5 131.6 127.0 122.2 110.0 134.0 107.3 96.7 188.0 125.9 141.8 66.7 204.5 131.5 125.7 121.8 82.0 9.5 44.0 20.0 −32.3 162.5 163.5
128.7 50.8 22.8 223.3 154.0 285 30.5 106.6 134.0 164.1 57.7 140.5 58.2 51.9 211.5 135.0 145.2 133.0 136.7 133.7 117.7 178.0 110.2 146.0 141.8 136.3 123.5 148.0 119.7 110.0 203.0 137.8 155.2 79.5 214.6 146.0 140.0 136.0 96.2 20.0 55.7 31.4 −23.0 178.0 177.8
149.8 68.8 39.8 245.0
173.8 89.0 58.5 268.3
197.5 110.0 78.0 292.7
−20 −27.5
46.5 125.8 154.2 185.5 75.4 158.0 77.8 69.5 232.8 156.0 167.3 153.0 157.6 154.0 137.8 198.0 130.0 167.8 163.5 157.8 143.5 170.0 138.0 130.2 226.2 155.4 176.2 98.4 229.8 168.2 162.0 157.7 118.0 36.2 73.3 48.0 −9.1 201.5 199.0
64.7 146.7 177.8 209.2 95.5 179.2 99.7 89.5 256.0 180.0 193.0 176.2 180.6 176.9 159.9 219.5 151.6 192.0 188.0 182.2 165.4 195.0 157.8 153.0 250.6 175.2 199.8 120.2 246.4 193.5 187.7 183.0 143.0 54.6 93.0 67.0 +6.8 226.5 222.5
84.4 168.0 201.0 231.8 116.4 198.5 122.0 110.6 280.0 205.2 217.6 199.7 203.3 200.4 183.5 242.0 174.0 216.2 213.8 206.5 188.4 220.0 179.0 179.0 276.3 195.6 223.0 143.0 262.0 218.5 213.0 208.4 169.0 74.1 113.9 86.7 23.7 251.8 246.0
−38.3
51.1 46.5 54.5 139 26.5 −68.7 −36 −19.0 69.5 5.5
11.6 −136 −31.0 −6.2 −24.0 79.5 −102.2
−16.5
51.5 64.5 −95.0 99 −13 29.5 −16.3 −31.5 44.5 65.5
−26 16.5 −22 57 78 52.5 17 63.5 −30.6 −36.7 −73 62 68.5
VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-10
2-79
Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm (Concluded) Pressure, mmHg Compound Name
Tri-2-chlorophenylthiophosphate 1,1,1-Trichloropropane 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane Tricosane Tridecane Tridecanoic acid Triethoxymethylsilane Triethoxyphenylsilane 1,2,4-Triethylbenzene 1,3,4-Triethylbenzene Triethylborine Triethyl camphoronate citrate Triethyleneglycol Triethylheptylsilane Triethyloctylsilane Triethyl orthoformate phosphate Triethylthallium Trifluorophenylsilane Trimethallyl phosphate 2,3,5-Trimethylacetophenone Trimethylamine 2,4,5-Trimethylaniline 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane Trimethyl citrate Trimethyleneglycol (1,3-propanediol) 1,2,4-Trimethyl-5-ethylbenzene 1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-ethylbenzene 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone Trimethyl phosphate 2,4,5-Trimethylstyrene 2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene Trimethylsuccinic anhydride Triphenylmethane Triphenylphosphate Tripropyleneglycol Tripropyleneglycol monobutyl ether Tripropyleneglycol monoisopropyl ether Tritolyl phosphate Undecane Undecanoic acid 10-Undecenoic acid Undecan-2-ol n-Valeric acid iso-Valeric acid γ-Valerolactone Valeronitrile Vanillin Vinyl acetate 2-Vinylanisole 3-Vinylanisole 4-Vinylanisole Vinyl chloride (1-chloroethylene) cyanide (acrylonitrile) fluoride (1-fluoroethylene) Vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethene) 4-Vinylphenetole 2-Xenyl dichlorophosphate 2,4-Xyaldehyde 2-Xylene (2-xylene) 3-Xylene (3-xylene) 4-Xylene (4-xylene) 2,4-Xylidine 2,6-Xylidine
1
5
10
20
217.2
231.2
246.7
261.7
−7.0 33.7 −49.4 206.3 98.3 166.3 +22.8 98.8 74.2 76.0
+4.2 46.0 −40.3 223.0 104.0 181.0 34.6 112.6 88.5 90.2 −148.0 166.0 144.0 158.1 114.6 120.6 40.5 82.1 51.7 +0.8 149.8 122.3 −73.8 109.0 55.9 50.7 47.4 −18.8 160.4 100.6 84.6 80.5 +3.9 −4.3 +6.9 +7.1 46.4 67.8 91.6 79.7 97.4 197.0 249.8 140.5 147.0 127.3 198.0 73.9 149.0 156.3 112.8 79.8 71.3 79.8 30.0 154.0 −18.0 81.0 83.0 85.7 −83.7 −20.3 −132.2 −51.2 105.6 187.0 99.0 32.1 28.3 27.3 93.0 87.0
16.2 59.3 −30.0 242.0 120.2 195.8 47.2 127.2 104.0 105.8 −140.6 183.6 171.1 174.0 130.3 137.7 53.4 97.8 67.7 12.3 169.8 137.5 −65.0 123.7 69.9 64.5 61.0 −7.5 177.2 115.5 99.7 96.0 16.0 +7.5 19.2 19.3 57.6 83.0 107.1 94.8 113.8 206.8 269.7 155.8 161.8 143.7 213.2 85.6 166.0 172.0 127.5 93.1 84.0 95.2 43.3 170.5 −7.0 94.7 97.2 100.0 −75.7 −9.0 −125.4 −41.7 120.3 205.0 114.0 45.1 41.1 40.1 107.6 102.7
29.9 74.0 −18.5 261.3 137.7 212.4 61.7 143.5 121.7 122.6 −131.4 201.8 190.4 191.3 148.0 155.7 67.5 115.7 85.4 25.4 192.0 154.2 −55.2 139.8 85.4 79.8 76.1 +5.2 194.2 131.0 106.0 113.2 29.5 20.7 33.0 32.9 69.8 100.0 124.2 111.8 131.0 215.5 290.3 173.7 179.8 161.4 229.7 104.4 185.6 188.7 143.7 107.8 98.0 101.9 57.8 188.7 +5.3 110.0 112.5 116.0 −66.8 +3.8 −118.0 −31.1 136.3 223.8 129.7 59.5 55.3 54.4 123.8 120.2
60
100
200
400
760
271.5
283.8
302.8
322.0
341.3
38.3 83.6 −11.2 273.8 148.2 222.0 70.4 153.2 132.2 133.4 −125.2 213.5 202.5 201.5 158.2 168.0 76.0 126.3 95.7 33.2 207.0 165.7 −48.8 149.5 95.3 89.5 85.8 13.3 205.5 141.1 126.3 123.8 38.1 29.1 41.8 41.6 77.3 110.0 135.5 122.3 142.2 221.2 305.2 184.6 190.2 173.2 239.8 115.2 197.2 199.5 153.7 116.6 107.3 122.4 66.9 199.8 13.0 119.8 122.3 126.1 −61.1 11.8 −113.0 −24.0 146.4 236.0 139.8 68.8 64.4 63.5 133.7 131.5
50.0 96.1 −1.7 289.8 162.5 236.0 82.7 167.5 146.8 147.7 −116.0 228.6 217.8 214.6 174.0 184.3 88.0 141.6 112.1 44.2 225.7 179.7 −40.3 162.0 108.8 102.8 98.9 24.4 219.6 153.4 140.3 137.9 49.9 40.7 53.8 53.4 87.6 124.0 149.8 136.8 156.5 228.4 322.5 199.0 204.4 187.8 252.2 128.1 212.5 213.5 167.2 128.3 118.9 136.5 78.6 214.5 23.3 132.3 135.3 139.7 −53.2 22.8 −106.2 −15.0 159.8 251.5 152.2 81.3 76.8 75.9 146.8 146.0
67.7 115.6 +13.5 313.5 185.0 255.2 101.0 188.0 168.3 168.3 −101.0 250.8 242.2 235.2 196.0 208.0 106.0 163.7 136.0 60.1 255.0 201.3 −27.0 182.3 129.0 122.7 118.6 41.2 241.3 172.8 160.3 158.4 67.8 58.1 72.0 71.3 102.2 145.0 171.8 157.8 179.8 239.7 349.8 220.2 224.4 209.7 271.8 149.3 237.8 232.8 187.7 146.0 136.2 157.7 97.7 237.3 38.4 151.0 154.0 159.0 −41.3 38.7 −95.4 −1.0 180.0 275.3 172.3 100.2 95.5 94.6 166.4 168.0
87.5 137.0 30.2 339.8 209.4 276.5 121.8 210.5 193.7 193.2 −81.0 276.0 267.5 256.6 221.0 235.0 125.7 187.0 163.5 78.7 288.5 224.3 −12.5 203.7 152.0 145.4 141.0 60.4 264.2 193.8 184.5 183.5 88.2 78.0 92.7 91.8 118.4 167.8 196.1 182.3 205.5 249.8 379.2 244.3 247.0 232.8 292.7 171.9 262.8 254.0 209.8 165.0 155.2 182.3 118.7 260.0 55.5 172.1 175.8 182.0 −28.0 58.3 −84.0 +14.8 202.8 301.5 194.1 121.7 116.7 115.9 188.3 193.7
108.2 158.0 47.6 366.5 234.0 299.0 143.5 233.5 218.0 217.5 −56.2 301.0 294.0 278.3 247.0 262.0 146.0 211.0 192.1 98.3 324.0 247.5 +2.9 234.5 176.1 169.2 164.7 80.9 287.0 214.2 208.1 208.0 109.8 99.2 114.8 113.5 135.0 192.7 221.2 207.0 231.0 259.2 413.5 267.2 269.5 256.6 313.0 195.8 290.0 275.0 232.0 184.4 175.1 207.5 140.8 285.0 72.5 194.0 197.5 204.5 −13.8 78.5 −72.2 31.7 225.0 328.5 215.5 144.4 139.1 138.3 211.5 217.9
Temperature, °C
Formula C18H12Cl3O3 188.2 PS C3H5Cl3 −28.8 C3H5Cl3 +9.0 C2Cl3F3 −68.0 C23H48 170.0 C13H28 59.4 C13H26O2 137.8 C7H18O3Si −1.5 C12H20O3Si 71.0 C12H18 46.0 C12H18 47.9 C6H15B C15H26O6 C12H20O7 107.0 C6H14O4 114.0 C13H30Si 70.0 C14H32Si 73.7 C7H16O3 +5.5 C6H15O4P 39.6 C6H15Tl +9.3 C6H5F3Si −31.0 C12H21PO4 93.7 C11H14O 79.0 C3H9N −97.1 C9H13N 68.4 C9H12 16.8 C9H12 13.6 C9H12 9.6 C7H16 C9H14O7 106.2 C3H8O2 59.4 C11H16 43.7 C11H16 38.8 C8H18 −29.0 C8H18 −36.5 C8H18 −25.8 C8H18 −26.3 C8H16O 14.7 C3H9O4P 26.0 C11H14 48.1 C11H14 37.5 C7H10O3 53.5 C19H16 169.7 C18H15O4P 193.5 C9H20O4 96.0 C13H28O4 101.5 C12H26O4 82.4 C21H21O4P 154.6 C11H24 32.7 C11H22O2 101.4 C11H20O2 114.0 C11H24O 71.1 C5H10O2 42.2 C5H10O2 34.5 C5H8O2 37.5 C5H9N −6.0 C8H8O3 107.0 C4H6O2 −48.0 C9H10O 41.9 C9H10O 43.4 C9H10O 45.2 C2H3Cl −105.6 C3H3N −51.0 C2H3F −149.3 C2H2Cl2 −77.2 C10H12O 64.0 C12H9Cl2PO 138.2 59.0 C9H10O C8H10 −3.8 C8H10 −6.9 C8H10 −8.1 C8H11N 52.6 C8H11N 44.0
40
150.2 138.7 144.0 99.8 104.8 29.2 67.8 37.6 −9.7 131.0 108.0 −81.7 95.9 42.9 38.3 34.7 146.2 87.2 71.2 67.0 −7.1 −15.0 −3.9 −4.1 36.0 53.7 77.0 65.7 82.6 188.4 230.4 125.7 131.6 112.4 184.2 59.7 133.1 142.8 99.0 67.7 59.6 65.8 +18.1 138.4 −28.0 68.0 69.9 72.0 −90.8 −30.7 −138.0 −60.0 91.7 171.1 85.9 +20.2 +16.8 +15.5 79.8 72.6
Melting point, °C
−77.7 −14.7 −35 47.7 −6.2 41
135
−63.0
−117.1 67 −25.5 −44.1 −44.8 −25.0 78.5
−112.3 −107.3 −101.5 −109.2
93.4 49.4
−25.6 29.5 24.5 −34.5 −37.6 81.5
−153.7 −82 −160.5 −122.5 75 −25.2 −47.9 +13.3
2-80
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS UNITS CONVERSIONS
To convert cubic feet to cubic meters, multiply by 0.02832. To convert bars to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 14.504. To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102.
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: °F = 9⁄5°C + 32 To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 0.01934.
TABLE 2-11
Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions of HCl* log10 pmm = A − B/T, (T in K), which, however, agrees only approximately with the table. The table is more nearly correct. Partial pressure of H2O, mmHg, °C
% HCl
A
B
0°
5°
10°
15°
20°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
60°
6 10 14 18 20
8.99156 8.99864 8.97075 8.98014 8.97877
2282 2295 2300 2323 2334
4.18 3.84 3.39 2.87 2.62
6.04 5.52 4.91 4.21 3.83
8.45 7.70 6.95 5.92 5.40
11.7 10.7 9.65 8.26 7.50
15.9 14.6 13.1 11.3 10.3
21.8 20.0 18.0 15.4 14.1
29.1 26.8 24.1 20.6 19.0
39.4 35.5 31.9 27.5 25.1
50.6 47.0 42.1 36.4 33.3
66.2 61.5 55.3 47.9 43.6
86.0 80.0 72.0 62.5 57.0
139 130 116 102 93.5
22 24 26 28 30
9.02708 8.96022 9.01511 8.97611 9.00117
2363 2356 2390 2395 2422
2.33 2.05 1.76 1.50 1.26
3.40 3.04 2.60 2.24 1.90
4.82 4.31 3.71 3.21 2.73
6.75 6.03 5.21 4.54 3.88
9.30 8.30 7.21 6.32 5.41
12.6 11.4 9.95 8.75 7.52
17.1 15.4 13.5 11.8 10.2
22.8 20.4 18.0 15.8 13.7
30.2 27.1 24.0 21.1 18.4
39.8 35.7 31.7 27.9 24.3
52.0 46.7 41.5 36.5 32.0
32 34 36 38 40 42
9.03317 9.07143 9.11815 9.20783 9.33923 9.44953
2453 2487 2526 2579 2647 2709
1.04 0.85 0.68 0.53 0.41 0.31
1.57 1.29 1.03 0.81 0.63 0.48
2.27 1.87 1.50 1.20 0.94 0.72
3.25 2.70 2.19 1.75 1.37 1.06
4.55 3.81 3.10 2.51 2.00 1.56
6.37 5.35 4.41 3.60 2.88 2.30
11.7 9.95 8.33 6.92 5.68 4.60
15.7 13.5 11.4 9.52 7.85 6.45
21.0 18.1 15.4 13.0 10.7 8.90
27.7 24.0 20.4 17.4 14.5 12.1
8.70 7.32 6.08 5.03 4.09 3.28
70°
80°
90°
100° 110°
220 204 185 162 150
333 310 273 248 230
492 463 425 374 345
715 677 625 550 510
960 892 783 729
85.6 77.0 69.0 60.7 53.5
138 124 112 99.0 87.5
211 194 173 154 136
317 290 261 234 207
467 426 387 349 310
670 611 555 499 444
46.5 40.5 34.8 29.6 25.0 21.2
76.5 66.5 57.0 49.1 42.1 35.8
120 104 90.0 77.5 67.3 57.2
184 161 140 120 105 89.2
275 243 212 182 158 135
396 355 311 266 230 195
*Uncertainty, ca. 2 percent for solutions of 15 to 30 percent HCl between 0 and 100°; for solutions of > 30 percent HCl the accuracy is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and ca. 15 percent at the higher temperatures. Below 15 percent HCl, the uncertainty is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and higher strengths to ca. 15 to 20 percent at the lower strengths and perhaps 15 to 20 percent at the higher temperatures and lower strengths. International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 301.
TABLE 2-12
Partial Pressures of HCl over Aqueous Solutions of HCl*
log10 pmm = A − B/T, (T in K), which, however, agrees only approximately with the table. The table is more nearly correct. mmHg, °C
% HCl
A
2 4 6 8 10
11.8037 11.6400 11.2144 11.0406 10.9311
4736 0.0000117 0.000023 0.000044 0.000084 0.000151 0.000275 0.00047 0.00083 0.00140 0.00380 0.0100 0.0245 0.058 0.132 0.280 4471 0.000018 0.000036 .000069 .000131 .00024 .00044 .00077 .00134 .0023 .00385 .0064 .0165 .0405 .095 .21 .46 .93 4202 .000066 .000125 .000234 .000425 .00076 .00131 .00225 .0038 .0062 .0102 .0163 .040 .094 .206 .44 .92 1.78 4042 .000118 .000323 .000583 .00104 .00178 .0031 .00515 .0085 .0136 .022 .0344 .081 .183 .39 .82 1.64 3.10 3908 .00042 .00075 .00134 .00232 .00395 .0067 .0111 .0178 .0282 .045 .069 .157 .35 .73 1.48 2.9 5.4
12 14 16 18 20
10.7900 10.6954 10.6261 10.4957 10.3833
3765 3636 3516 3376 3245
22 24 26 28 30
10.3172 10.2185 10.1303 10.0115 9.8763
3125 .0734 2995 .175 2870 .41 2732 1.0 2593 2.4
.119 .277 .64 1.52 3.57
.187 .43 .98 2.27 5.23
.294 .66 1.47 3.36 7.60
.45 1.00 2.17 4.90 10.6
.68 1.49 3.20 7.05 15.1
1.02 2.17 4.56 9.90 21.0
32 34 36 38 40
9.7523 9.6061 9.5262 9.4670 9.2156
2457 2316 2229 2094 1939
5.7 13.1 29.0 63.0 130
8.3 18.8 41.0 87.0 176
11.8 26.4 56.4 117 233
16.8 36.8 78 158 307
23.5 50.5 105.5 210 399
32.5 68.5 142 277 515
44.5 92 188 360 627
42 44 46
8.9925 1800 253 8.8621 1681 510 940
332 655
430 840
560
709
900
B
0°
.00099 .0024 .0056 .0135 .0316
5°
.00175 .00415 .0095 .0225 .052
10°
.00305 .0071 .016 .037 .084
15°
.0052 .0118 .0265 .060 .132
20°
.0088 .0196 .0428 .095 .205
25°
.0145 .0316 .0685 .148 .32
30°
.0234 .050 .106 .228 .48
35°
.037 .078 .163 .345 .72
40°
45°
50°
60°
70°
80°
90°
100°
110°
.058 .121 .247 .515 1.06
.091 .185 .375 .77 1.55
.136 .275 .55 1.11 2.21
.305 .60 1.17 2.3 4.4
.66 1.25 2.40 4.55 8.5
1.34 2.50 4.66 8.6 15.6
2.65 4.8 8.8 15.7 28.1
5.1 9.0 16.1 28 49
9.3 16.0 28 48 83
1.50 3.14 6.50 13.8 28.6
2.18 4.5 9.2 19.1 39.4
3.14 6.4 12.7 26.4 53
4.42 8.9 17.5 35.7 71
8.6 16.9 32.5 64 124
16.3 31.0 58.5 112 208
29.3 54.5 100 188 340
52 94 169 309 542
90 157 276 493 845
146 253 436 760
60.0 122 246 465 830
81 161 322 598
107 211 416 758
141 273 535 955
238 450 860
390 720
623
970
*Uncertainty, ca. 2 percent for solutions of 15 to 30 percent HCl between 0 and 100°; for solutions of > 30 percent HCl the accuracy is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and ca. 15 percent at the higher temperatures. Below 15 percent HCl, the uncertainty is ca. 5 percent at the lower temperatures and higher strengths to ca. 15 to 20 percent at the lower strengths and perhaps 15 to 20 percent at the higher temperatures and lower strengths. International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 301.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS
Vapor pressures of H3PO4 aqueous: partial pressure of H2O vapor. (Courtesy of Victor Chemical Works, Stauffer Chemical Company; measurements by W. H. Woodstock.)
2-81
FIG. 2-1
TABLE 2-13 g SO2 / 100 g H2O
Partial Pressures of H2O and SO2 over Aqueous Solutions of Sulfur Dioxide* Partial pressures of H2O and SO2, mmHg, °C Temperature, °C 0
10
20
0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
0.02 0.38 1.15 2.10 3.17
0.04 0.66 1.91 3.44 5.13
0.07 1.07 3.03 5.37 7.93
0.25 0.30 0.40 0.50 1.00
4.34 5.57 8.17 10.9 25.8
6.93 8.84 12.8 17.0 39.5
2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
FIG. 2-2 Vapor pressures of H3PO4 aqueous: weight of H2O in saturated air. (Courtesy of Victor Chemical Works, Stauffer Chemical Company; measurements by W. H. Woodstock.)
10.6 13.5 19.4 25.6 58.4
30
40
50
60
90
120
0.12 1.68 4.62 8.07 11.8
0.19 2.53 6.80 11.7 17.0
0.29 3.69 9.71 16.5 23.8
0.43 5.24 13.5 22.7 32.6
1.21 12.9 31.7 52.2 73.7
2.82 27.0 63.9 104 145
15.7 19.8 28.3 37.1 83.7
58.6 93.2 129 165 202
88.5 139 192 245 299
129 202 277 353 430
183 285 389 496 602
275 351 542 735
407 517 796
585 741
818
22.5 28.2 40.1 52.3 117
31.4 39.2 55.3 72.0 159
42.8 53.3 74.7 96.8 212
95.8 118 164 211 454
253 393 535 679 824
342 530 720
453 700
955
*Extracted with permission from J. Chem Eng. Data 8, 1963: 333–336. Copyright 1963 American Chemical Society.
186 229 316 404 856
2-82
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-14 °C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions* Weight percent, H2SO4
10.0 .582E−02 .117E−01 .223E−01 .404E−01 .703E−01 .117 .189 .296 .449 .664
20.0 .534E−02 .107E−01 .205E−01 .373E−01 .649E−01 .109 .175 .275 .417 .617
30.0 .448E−02 .909E−02 .174E−01 .319E−01 .558E−01 .939E−01 .152 .239 .365 .542
40.0 .326E−02 .670E−02 .130E−01 .241E−01 .427E−01 .725E−01 .119 .188 .290 .434
50.0
60.0
.193E−02 .405E−02 .802E−02 .151E−01 .272E−01 .470E−01 .782E−01 .126 .196 .298
.836E−03 .180E−02 .367E−02 .710E−02 .131E−01 .232E−01 .395E−01 .651E−01 .104 .161
75.0
80.0
85.0
.207E−03 .467E−03 .995E−03 .201E−02 .387E−02 .715E−02 .127E−01 .217E−01 .360E−01 .578E−01
70.0
.747E−04 .175E−03 .388E−03 .811E−03 .162E−02 .309E−02 .565E−02 .997E−02 .170E−01 .281E−01
.197E−04 .490E−04 .115E−04 .253E−03 .531E−03 .106E−02 .204E−02 .376E−02 .668E−02 .115E−01
.343E−05 .952E−05 .245E−04 .589E−04 .133E−03 .286E−03 .584E−03 .114E−02 .213E−02 .383E−02
.905E−01 .138 .206 .301 .481 .605 .837 1.138 1.525 2.017
.452E−01 .708E−01 .108 .162 .236 .339 .478 .662 .902 1.212
.192E−01 .312E−01 .493E−01 .760E−01 .115 .170 .246 .350 .489 .673
.666E−02 .112E−01 .183E−01 .291E−01 .451E−01 .682E−01 .101 .147 .208 .291
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.957 1.349 1.863 2.524 3.361 4.404 5.685 7.236 9.093 11.289
.891 1.258 1.740 2.361 3.149 4.132 5.342 6.810 8.571 10.658
.786 1.113 1.544 2.101 2.810 3.697 4.793 6.127 7.731 9.640
.634 .904 1.264 1.732 2.333 3.090 4.031 5.185 6.584 8.259
.441 .638 .903 1.253 1.708 2.289 3.021 3.930 5.045 6.397
.244 .360 .519 .734 1.020 1.392 1.870 2.475 3.233 4.169
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
13.861 16.841 20.264 24.160 28.561 33.494 38.984 45.055 51.726 59.015
13.107 15.951 19.225 22.960 27.188 31.939 37.240 43.116 49.590 56.681
11.887 14.505 17.529 20.992 24.927 29.364 34.334 39.865 45.984 52.715
10.245 12.576 15.287 18.414 21.992 26.056 30.642 35.784 41.514 47.865
8.020 9.948 12.217 14.864 17.929 21.452 25.472 30.030 35.168 40.926
5.312 6.696 8.354 10.322 12.641 15.351 18.496 22.121 26.274 31.003
2.632 3.395 4.331 5.466 6.831 8.458 10.382 12.640 15.269 18.311
1.606 2.101 2.714 3.467 4.381 5.480 6.788 8.333 10.142 12.242
.913 1.220 1.609 2.096 2.699 3.435 4.326 5.395 6.663 8.155
.401 .542 .724 .952 1.237 1.587 2.012 2.525 3.136 3.857
300 66.934 310 75.495 320 84.705 330 94.567 340 105.083 350 116.251
64.407 72.781 81.816 91.518 101.894 112.946
60.081 68.100 76.792 86.172 96.252 107.043
54.868 62.553 70.947 80.077 89.969 100.646
47.346 54.470 62.337 70.988 80.463 90.802
36.360 42.395 49.164 56.721 65.123 74.426
21.808 25.804 30.343 35.473 41.240 47.692
14.665 17.438 20.591 24.153 28.154 32.622
9.897 11.912 14.227 16.867 19.855 23.217
4.701 5.680 6.806 8.093 9.551 11.193
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-14
2-83
Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions (Concluded ) Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
.518E−06 .159E−05 .448E−05 .117E−04 .285E−04 .652E−04 .141E−03 .290E−03 .569E−03 .107E−02
.242E−06 .762E−06 .220E−05 .587E−05 .146E−04 .341E−04 .754E−04 .158E−03 .316E−03 .606E−03
.107E−06 .344E−06 .101E−05 .275E−05 .696E−05 .166E−04 .372E−04 .795E−04 .162E−03 .315E−03
.401E−07 .130E−06 .390E−06 .108E−05 .278E−05 .672E−05 .154E−04 .334E−04 .691E−04 .137E−03
.218E−07 .713E−07 .215E−06 .598E−06 .155E−05 .379E−05 .875E−05 .192E−04 .400E−04 .801E−04
.980E−08 .323E−07 .978E−07 .275E−06 .720E−06 .177E−05 .413E−05 .912E−05 .192E−04 .388E−04
.569E−08 .188E−07 .572E−07 .161E−06 .424E−06 .105E−05 .245E−05 .544E−05 .115E−04 .234E−04
.268E−08 .888E−08 .271E−07 .766E−07 .202E−06 .503E−06 .118E−05 .263E−05 .559E−05 .114E−04
.775E−09 .258E−08 .789E−08 .224E−07 .595E−07 .149E−06 .350E−06 .784E−06 .168E−05 .343E−05
.196E−09 .655E−09 .201E−08 .575E−08 .153E−07 .384E−07 .910E−07 .205E−06 .439E−06 .903E−06
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.194E−02 .338E−02 .571E−02 .938E−02 .150E−01 .233E−01 .354E−01 .526E−01 .766E−01 .110
.112E−02 .198E−02 .341E−02 .569E−02 .923E−02 .146E−01 .225E−01 .340E−01 .502E−01 .729E−01
.590E−03 .107E−02 .186E−02 .315E−02 .519E−02 .832E−02 .130E−01 .199E−01 .298E−01 .438E−01
.261E−03 .479E−03 .851E−03 .146E−02 .245E−02 .399E−02 .633E−02 .983E−02 .149E−01 .222E−01
.154E−03 .285E−03 .511E−03 .886E−03 .149E−02 .245E−02 .393E−02 .614E−02 .941E−02 .141E−01
.752E−04 .141E−03 .254E−03 .445E−03 .757E−03 .125E−02 .202E−02 .319E−02 .492E−02 .744E−02
.455E−04 .855E−04 .155E−03 .278E−03 .467E−03 .776E−03 .126E−02 .199E−02 .309E−02 .469E−02
.223E−04 .420E−04 .766E−04 .135E−03 .232E−03 .387E−03 .629E−03 .999E−03 .155E−02 .236E−02
.674E−05 .128E−04 .233E−04 .414E−04 .711E−04 .119E−03 .194E−03 .309E−03 .482E−03 .735E−03
.178E−05 .339E−05 .623E−05 .111E−04 .191E−04 .321E−04 .526E−04 .840E−04 .131E−03 .201E−03
.631E−01 .894E−01 .125 .171 .232 .310 .409 .534 .689 .880
.325E−01 .467E−01 .660E−01 .918E−01 .126 .170 .227 .300 .391 .505
.208E−01 .300E−01 .427E−01 .598E−01 .825E−01 .112 .151 .200 .263 .341
.110E−01 .161E−01 .230E−01 .325E−01 .451E−01 .618E−01 .835E−01 .111 .147 .192
.698E−02 .102E−01 .147E−01 .208E−01 .290E−01 .398E−01 .540E−01 .723E−01 .957E−01 .125
.352E−02 .516E−02 .743E−02 .105E−01 .147E−01 .202E−01 .274E−01 .366E−01 .485E−01 .634E−01
.110E−02 .161E−02 .232E−02 .329E−02 .460E−02 .633E−02 .858E−02 .115E−01 .152E−01 .199E−01
.300E−03 .442E−03 .638E−03 .906E−03 .127E−02 .174E−02 .237E−02 .317E−02 .420E−02 .548E−02
.248 .316 .400 .502 .624 .770
.162 .208 .264 .331 .413 .511
.820E−01 .105 .133 .167 .208 .256
.257E−01 .328E−01 .415E−01 .520E−01 .646E−01 .795E−01
.708E−02 .905E−02 .114E−01 .143E−01 .178E−01 .218E−01
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
.154 .213 .290 .389 .514 .673 .870 1.112 1.407 1.763
.104 .146 .201 .273 .366 .485 .635 .822 1.052 1.335
300 310 320 330 340 350
2.190 2.696 3.292 3.990 4.801 5.738
1.676 2.088 2.578 3.159 3.843 4.641
1.112 1.394 1.732 2.133 2.608 3.164
.646 .817 1.025 1.274 1.571 1.922
.437 .556 .701 .875 1.083 1.331
2-84
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-15
Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions* Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
.644E−29 .149E−27 .278E−26 .426E−25 .549E−24 .602E−23 .573E−22 .477E−21 .352E−20 .233E−19
.103E−27 .223E−26 .394E−25 .577E−24 .714E−23 .757E−22 .699E−21 .567E−20 .410E−19 .266E−18
.205E−26 .395E−25 .626E−24 .832E−23 .941E−22 .921E−21 .789E−20 .599E−19 .408E−18 .250E−17
.688E−25 .113E−23 .156E−22 .181E−21 .181E−20 .158E−19 .122E−18 .843E−18 .524E−17 .296E−16
.368E−23 .522E−22 .621E−21 .630E−20 .555E−19 .429E−18 .294E−17 .181E−16 .101E−15 .516E−15
.341E−21 .415E−20 .426E−19 .376E−18 .288E−17 .195E−16 .118E−15 .643E−15 .319E−14 .145E−13
.784E−19 .796E−18 .685E−17 .509E−16 .331E−15 .191E−14 .985E−14 .461E−13 .197E−12 .775E−12
.174E−17 .158E−16 .121E−15 .808E−15 .473E−14 .246E−13 .116E−12 .492E−12 .192E−11 .693E−11
.531E−16 .417E−15 .280E−14 .164E−13 .851E−13 .395E−12 .165E−11 .634E−11 .223E−10 .731E−10
.229E−14 .141E−13 .767E−13 .371E−12 .162E−11 .643E−11 .234E−10 .791E−10 .249E−09 .734E−09
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.139E−18 .756E−18 .377E−17 .174E−16 .743E−16 .297E−15 .111E−14 .393E−14 .131E−13 .415E−13
.157E−17 .844E−17 .418E−16 .191E−15 .815E−15 .325E−14 .122E−13 .430E−13 .144E−12 .458E−12
.140E−16 .719E−16 .340E−15 .150E−14 .615E−14 .237E−13 .862E−13 .296E−12 .967E−12 .301E−11
.153E−15 .730E−15 .323E−14 .133E−13 .517E−13 .188E−12 .649E−12 .212E−11 .622E−11 .197E−10
.242E−14 .105E−13 .424E−13 .160E−12 .569E−12 .191E−11 .608E−11 .184E−10 .532E−10 .147E−09
.606E−13 .236E−12 .858E−12 .293E−11 .943E−11 .287E−10 .833E−10 .231E−09 .610E−09 .155E−08
.283E−11 .961E−11 .307E−10 .922E−10 .262E−09 .710E−09 .183E−08 .453E−08 .107E−07 .246E−07
.232E−10 .729E−10 .215E−09 .601E−09 .159E−08 .403E−08 .974E−08 .226E−07 .505E−07 .109E−06
.223E−09 .641E−09 .174E−08 .446E−08 .109E−07 .256E−07 .575E−07 .125E−06 .260E−06 .527E−06
.204E−08 .538E−08 .135E−07 .324E−07 .745E−07 .165E−06 .351E−06 .725E−06 .145E−05 .282E−05
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
.125E−12 .362E−12 .100E−11 .265E−11 .678E−11 .167E−10 .399E−10 .920E−10 .206E−09 .449E−09
.139E−11 .404E−11 .112E−10 .301E−10 .777E−10 .193E−09 .466E−09 .109E−08 .247E−08 .545E−08
.893E−11 .254E−10 .695E−10 .183E−09 .465E−09 .114E−08 .272E−08 .628E−08 .141E−07 .308E−07
.561E−10 .154E−09 .405E−09 .103E−08 .253E−08 .602E−08 .139E−07 .312E−07 .683E−07 .145E−06
.391E−09 .100E−08 .246E−08 .587E−08 .135E−07 .303E−07 .660E−07 .140E−06 .288E−06 .580E−06
.379E−08 .894E−08 .204E−07 .450E−07 .965E−07 .201E−06 .408E−06 .807E−06 .156E−05 .295E−05
.542E−07 .116E−06 .240E−06 .482E−06 .944E−06 .180E−05 .336E−05 .612E−05 .109E−04 .191E−04
.228E−06 .462E−06 .911E−06 .175E−05 .328E−05 .600E−05 .108E−04 .189E−04 .326E−04 .553E−04
.103E−05 .198E−05 .368E−05 .668E−05 .119E−04 .206E−04 .352E−04 .590E−04 .973E−04 .158E−03
.534E−05 .986E−05 .178E−04 .314E−04 .543E−04 .923E−04 .154E−03 .253E−03 .408E−03 .649E−03
300 310 320 330 340 350
.953E−09 .197E−08 .397E−08 .782E−08 .151E−07 .285E−07
.117E−07 .245E−07 .502E−07 .100E−06 .196E−06 .376E−06
.657E−07 .136E−06 .277E−06 .551E−06 .107E−05 .204E−05
.302E−06 .614E−06 .122E−05 .237E−05 .452E−05 .846E−05
.114E−05 .220E−05 .414E−05 .766E−05 .139E−04 .246E−04
.546E−05 .990E−05 .176E−04 .308E−04 .529E−04 .893E−04
.329E−04 .556E−04 .923E−04 .151E−03 .243E−03 .387E−03
.921E−04 .151E−03 .245E−03 .391E−03 .617E−03 .963E−03
.253E−03 .398E−03 .621E−03 .956E−03 .145E−02 .219E−02
.102E−02 .158E−02 .242E−02 .367E−02 .550E−02 .815E−02
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-15
2-85
Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions (Concluded) Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
.671E−13 .345E−12 .159E−11 .664E−11 .254E−10 .897E−10 .294E−09 .904E−09 .261E−08 .712E−08
.216E−12 .107E−11 .475E−11 .192E−10 .709E−10 .242E−09 .771E−09 .230E−08 .643E−08 .171E−07
.677E−12 .326E−11 .141E−10 .557E−10 .201E−09 .669E−09 .207E−08 .602E−08 .165E−07 .426E−07
.240E−11 .114E−10 .482E−10 .186E−09 .655E−09 .214E−08 .647E−08 .184E−07 .492E−07 .124E−06
.500E−11 .234E−10 .986E−10 .376E−09 .131E−08 .424E−08 .127E−07 .357E−07 .946E−07 .237E−06
.124E−10 .578E−10 .241E−09 .911E−09 .315E−08 .101E−07 .299E−07 .833E−07 .218E−06 .541E−06
.224E−10 .104E−09 .433E−09 .163E−08 .562E−08 .179E−07 .528E−07 .146E−06 .381E−06 .940E−06
.502E−10 .232E−09 .961E−09 .360E−08 .123E−07 .391E−07 .115E−06 .316E−06 .820E−06 .201E−05
.182E−09 .839E−09 .346E−08 .129E−07 .440E−07 .139E−06 .405E−06 .111E−05 .286E−05 .698E−05
.755E−09 .347E−08 .142E−07 .528E−07 .179E−06 .560E−06 .163E−05 .444E−05 .114E−04 .276E−04
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.184E−07 .456E−07 .108E−06 .244E−06 .533E−06 .112E−05 .229E−05 .453E−05 .870E−05 .163E−04
.430E−07 .103E−06 .238E−06 .526E−06 .112E−05 .230E−05 .459E−05 .886E−05 .166E−04 .304E−04
.105E−06 .247E−06 .555E−06 .120E−05 .250E−05 .504E−05 .983E−05 .186E−04 .343E−04 .615E−04
.300E−06 .689E−06 .152E−05 .321E−05 .656E−05 .129E−04 .247E−04 .459E−04 .829E−04 .146E−03
.565E−06 .128E−05 .280E−05 .586E−05 .118E−04 .231E−04 .438E−04 .806E−04 .144E−03 .252E−03
.127E−05 .287E−05 .619E−05 .128E−04 .257E−04 .497E−04 .932E−04 .170E−03 .301E−03 .520E−03
.220E−05 .494E−05 .106E−04 .219E−04 .435E−04 .837E−04 .156E−03 .283E−03 .499E−03 .859E−03
.470E−05 .105E−04 .224E−04 .459E−04 .910E−04 .174E−03 .324E−03 .586E−03 .103E−02 .177E−02
.162E−04 .359E−04 .764E−04 .156E−03 .308E−03 .588E−03 .109E−02 .196E−02 .343E−02 .587E−02
.638E−04 .141E−03 .298E−03 .606E−03 .119E−02 .226E−02 .416E−02 .746E−02 .130E−01 .222E−01
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
.297E−04 .528E−04 .919E−04 .157E−03 .261E−03 .428E−03 .690E−03 .109E−02 .170E−02 .261E−02
.543E−04 .946E−04 .161E−03 .269E−03 .441E−03 .708E−03 .112E−02 .174E−02 .266E−02 .401E−02
.108E−03 .185E−03 .309E−03 .508E−03 .819E−03 .130E−02 .202E−02 .309E−02 .466E−02 .694E−02
.251E−03 .422E−03 .694E−03 .112E−02 .178E−02 .276E−02 .423E−02 .638E−02 .948E−02 .139E−01
.429E−03 .714E−03 .117E−02 .187E−02 .293E−02 .453E−02 .688E−02 .103E−01 .152E−01 .221E−01
.878E−03 .145E−02 .235E−02 .373E−02 .582E−02 .891E−02 .134E−01 .200E−01 .293E−01 .423E−01
.144E−02 .237E−02 .383E−02 .605E−02 .939E−02 .143E−01 .215E−01 .319E−01 .465E−01 .670E−01
.296E−02 .486E−02 .781E−02 .123E−01 .191E−01 .291E−01 .437E−01 .646E−01 .943E−01 .136
.981E−02 .161E−01 .258E−01 .405E−01 .627E−01 .955E−01 .143 .212 .309 .444
.370E−01 .603E−01 .965E−01 .152 .234 .356 .532 .786 1.144 1.646
300 310 320 330 340 350
.395E−02 .589E−02 .868E−02 .126E−01 .181E−01 .258E−01
.595E−02 .873E−02 .126E−01 .181E−01 .255E−01 .357E−01
.102E−01 .148E−01 .211E−01 .299E−01 .418E−01 .578E−01
.201E−01 .287E−01 .405E−01 .565E−01 .780E−01 .107
.318E−01 .451E−01 .632E−01 .877E−01 .120 .164
.604E−01 .852E−01 .119 .164 .224 .303
.953E−01 .134 .186 .256 .348 .470
.193 .272 .378 .520 .708 .956
.632 .889 1.236 1.703 2.323 3.142
100.0
2.339 3.289 4.575 6.303 8.603 11.640
2-86
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-16
Sulfuric Acid Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid* Weight percent, H2SO4
°C
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
.576E−21 .634E−20 .588E−19 .468E−18 .324E−17 .197E−16 .107E−15 .526E−15 .235E−14 .960E−14
.843E−20 .874E−19 .769E−18 .584E−17 .389E−16 .229E−15 .121E−14 .581E−14 .254E−13 .102E−12
.141E−18 .131E−17 .104E−16 .721E−16 .441E−15 .241E−14 .119E−13 .535E−13 .221E−12 .844E−12
.344E−17 .276E−16 .193E−15 .119E−14 .649E−14 .320E−13 .144E−12 .592E−12 .225E−11 .798E−11
.109E−15 .769E−15 .474E−14 .259E−13 .127E−12 .562E−12 .228E−11 .851E−11 .295E−10 .956E−10
.438E−14 .273E−13 .149E−12 .725E−12 .317E−11 .126E−10 .462E−10 .156E−09 .492E−09 .145E−08
.249E−12 .135E−11 .649E−11 .278E−10 .108E−09 .380E−09 .124E−08 .373E−08 .105E−07 .279E−07
.200E−11 .101E−10 .447E−10 .178E−09 .643E−09 .212E−08 .646E−08 .183E−07 .485E−07 .121E−06
.161E−10 .743E−10 .305E−09 .113E−08 .379E−08 .117E−07 .334E−07 .888E−07 .222E−06 .522E−06
.121E−09 .490E−09 .179E−08 .594E−08 .181E−07 .513E−07 .135E−06 .336E−06 .786E−06 .175E−05
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.353E−13 .127E−12 .418E−12 .129E−11 .375E−11 .103E−10 .272E−10 .682E−10 .164E−09 .378E−09
.381E−12 .132E−11 .432E−11 .132E−10 .385E−10 .106E−09 .279E−09 .702E−09 .170E−08 .394E−08
.300E−11 .997E−11 .312E−10 .924E−10 .259E−09 .694E−09 .178E−08 .436E−08 .103E−07 .234E−07
.264E−10 .824E−10 .243E−09 .678E−09 .181E−08 .460E−08 .112E−07 .264E−07 .599E−07 .131E−06
.291E−09 .835E−09 .227E−08 .589E−08 .146E−07 .346E−07 .789E−07 .174E−06 .369E−06 .760E−06
.402E−08 .106E−07 .264E−07 .631E−07 .144E−06 .316E−06 .670E−06 .137E−05 .271E−05 .521E−05
.698E−07 .166E−06 .375E−06 .814E−06 .169E−05 .340E−05 .659E−05 .124E−04 .225E−04 .400E−04
.287E−06 .644E−06 .138E−05 .285E−05 .565E−05 .108E−04 .200E−04 .359E−04 .627E−04 .107E−03
.117E−05 .249E−05 .508E−05 .995E−05 .188E−04 .343E−04 .608E−04 .104E−03 .175E−03 .286E−03
.371E−05 .752E−05 .147E−04 .277E−04 .503E−04 .889E−04 .152E−03 .255E−03 .416E−03 .663E−03
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
.842E−09 .181E−08 .376E−08 .758E−08 .148E−07 .283E−07 .526E−07 .954E−07 .169E−06 .294E−06
.883E−08 .191E−07 .401E−07 .817E−07 .162E−06 .312E−06 .588E−06 .108E−05 .194E−05 .342E−05
.514E−07 .109E−06 .226E−06 .455E−06 .889E−06 .170E−05 .316E−05 .577E−05 .103E−04 .180E−04
.278E−06 .573E−06 .115E−05 .224E−05 .427E−05 .793E−05 .144E−04 .257E−04 .450E−04 .771E−04
.152E−05 .295E−05 .559E−05 .103E−04 .186E−04 .329E−04 .569E−04 .965E−04 .161E−03 .263E−03
.975E−05 .178E−04 .316E−04 .549E−04 .935E−04 .156E−03 .255E−03 .411E−03 .650E−03 .101E−02
.691E−04 .117E−03 .193E−03 .311E−03 .494E−03 .770E−03 .118E−02 .178E−02 .265E−02 .389E−02
.177E−03 .288E−03 .459E−03 .717E−03 .110E−02 .166E−02 .247E−02 .362E−02 .524E−02 .750E−02
.457E−03 .715E−03 .110E−02 .166E−02 .245E−02 .358E−02 .516E−02 .733E−02 .103E−01 .143E−01
.104E−02 .159E−02 .239E−02 .354E−02 .515E−02 .740E−02 .105E−01 .147E−01 .203E−01 .278E−01
300 310 320 330 340 350
.500E−06 .834E−06 .137E−05 .220E−05 .349E−05 .544E−05
.591E−05 .100E−04 .167E−04 .273E−04 .440E−04 .698E−04
.309E−04 .522E−04 .865E−04 .141E−03 .227E−03 .360E−03
.130E−03 .215E−03 .352E−03 .565E−03 .895E−03 .140E−02
.424E−03 .672E−03 .105E−02 .162E−02 .246E−02 .369E−02
.156E−02 .236E−02 .352E−02 .519E−02 .757E−02 .109E−01
.563E−02 .805E−02 .114E−01 .159E−01 .221E−01 .303E−01
.106E−01 .148E−01 .205E−01 .281E−01 .382E−01 .516E−01
.196E−01 .266E−01 .359E−01 .480E−01 .636E−01 .836E−01
.376E−01 .504E−01 .670E−01 .883E−01 .116 .150
°C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
.534E−09 .200E−08 .677E−08 .211E−07 .607E−07 .163E−06 .411E−06 .976E−06 .220E−05 .473E−05
.803E−09 .296E−08 .993E−08 .306E−07 .870E−07 .231E−06 .575E−06 .135E−05 .302E−05 .642E−05
.112E−08 .409E−08 .136E−07 .415E−07 .117E−06 .309E−06 .765E−06 .179E−05 .396E−05 .835E−05
.148E−08 .540E−08 .179E−07 .543E−07 .153E−06 .400E−06 .985E−06 .229E−05 .504E−05 .106E−04
.167E−08 .609E−08 .201E−07 .611E−07 .171E−06 .449E−06 .110E−05 .256E−05 .562E−05 .118E−04
.187E−08 .679E−08 .224E−07 .680E−07 .191E−06 .498E−06 .122E−05 .283E−05 .622E−05 .130E−04
.196E−08 .714E−08 .236E−07 .714E−07 .200E−06 .523E−06 .128E−05 .297E−05 .652E−05 .136E−04
.206E−08 .750E−08 .247E−07 .749E−07 .210E−06 .548E−06 .134E−05 .310E−05 .681E−05 .143E−04
.217E−08 .788E−08 .260E−07 .786E−07 .220E−06 .574E−06 .140E−05 .325E−05 .712E−05 .149E−04
.228E−08 .827E−08 .273E−07 .824E−07 .230E−06 .600E−06 .147E−05 .339E−05 .743E−05 .155E−04
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.973E−05 .192E−04 .366E−04 .672E−04 .120E−03 .207E−03 .348E−03 .572E−03 .917E−03 .144E−02
.131E−04 .256E−04 .482E−04 .879E−04 .155E−03 .266E−03 .444E−03 .723E−03 .115E−02 .179E−02
.169E−04 .328E−04 .614E−04 .111E−03 .195E−03 .332E−03 .550E−03 .889E−03 .140E−02 .217E−02
.213E−04 .412E−04 .767E−04 .138E−03 .241E−03 .408E−03 .673E−03 .108E−02 .170E−02 .262E−02
.237E−04 .457E−04 .849E−04 .153E−03 .266E−03 .449E−03 .740E−03 .119E−02 .186E−02 .286E−02
.261E−04 .503E−04 .935E−04 .168E−03 .292E−03 .493E−03 .810E−03 .130E−02 .204E−02 .312E−02
.274E−04 .527E−04 .977E−04 .175E−03 .304E−03 .514E−03 .844E−03 .135E−02 .212E−02 .325E−02
.285E−04 .549E−04 .102E−03 .182E−03 .316E−03 .534E−03 .876E−03 .140E−02 .220E−02 .336E−02
.298E−04 .572E−04 .106E−03 .190E−03 .329E−03 .554E−03 .909E−03 .145E−02 .227E−02 .348E−02
.310E−04 .595E−04 .110E−03 .197E−03 .341E−03 .574E−03 .941E−03 .150E−02 .235E−02 .359E−02
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
.221E−02 .333E−02 .494E−02 .719E−02 .103E−01 .146E−01 .203E−01 .279E−01 .380E−01 .510E−01
.273E−02 .408E−02 .601E−02 .869E−02 .124E−01 .174E−01 .240E−01 .329E−01 .444E−01 .592E−01
.329E−02 .490E−02 .715E−02 .103E−01 .146E−01 .203E−01 .279E−01 .380E−01 .510E−01 .676E−01
.395E−02 .585E−02 .850E−02 .122E−01 .171E−01 .238E−01 .326E−01 .441E−01 .589E−01 .778E−01
.431E−02 .637E−02 .924E−02 .132E−01 .186E−01 .257E−01 .352E−01 .475E−01 .633E−01 .835E−01
.470E−02 .693E−02 .100E−01 .143E−01 .201E−01 .278E−01 .380E−01 .513E−01 .683E−01 .900E−01
.488E−02 .720E−02 .104E−01 .149E−01 .209E−01 .289E−01 .394E−01 .531E−01 .706E−01 .930E−01
.505E−02 .744E−02 .108E−01 .153E−01 .215E−01 .297E−01 .405E−01 .545E−01 .725E−01 .954E−01
.522E−02 .768E−02 .111E−01 .158E−01 .221E−01 .305E−01 .416E−01 .560E−01 .744E−01 .978E−01
.538E−02 .791E−02 .114E−01 .162E−01 .227E−01 .314E−01 .427E−01 .574E−01 .762E−01 .100
300 310 320 330 340 350
.678E−01 .892E−01 .116 .150 .192 .243
.782E−01 .102 .132 .170 .216 .272
.888E−01 .115 .149 .190 .240 .301
.102 .132 .169 .214 .270 .337
.109 .141 .180 .228 .287 .358
.117 .151 .193 .245 .307 .383
.121 .156 .199 .252 .317 .394
.124 .160 .204 .258 .328 .402
.127 .164 .209 .263 .330 .410
.130 .167 .213 .269 .386 .417
Weight percent, H2SO4
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, CA, 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-17
2-87
Total Pressure, bar, of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions* Weight percent, H2SO4
°C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
10.0 .582E−02 .117E−01 .223E−01 .404E−01 .703E−01 .117 .189 .296 .449 .664
20.0 .534E−02 .107E−01 .205E−01 .373E−01 .649E−01 .109 .175 .275 .417 .617
30.0 .448E−02 .909E−02 .174E−01 .319E−01 .558E−01 .939E−01 .152 .239 .365 .542
40.0 .326E−02 .670E−02 .130E−01 .241E−01 .427E−01 .725E−01 .119 .188 .290 .434
50.0 .193E−02 .405E−02 .802E−02 .151E−01 .272E−01 .470E−01 .782E−01 .126 .196 .298
60.0 .836E−03 .180E−02 .367E−02 .710E−02 .131E−01 .232E−01 .395E−01 .651E−01 .104 .161
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
.207E−03 .467E−03 .995E−03 .201E−02 .387E−02 .715E−02 .127E−01 .217E−01 .360E−01 .578E−01
.747E−04 .175E−03 .388E−03 .811E−03 .162E−02 .309E−02 .565E−02 .997E−01 .170E−01 .281E−01
.197E−04 .490E−04 .115E−03 .253E−03 .531E−03 .106E−02 .204E−02 .376E−02 .668E−02 .115E−01
.343E−05 .952E−05 .245E−04 .589E−04 .134E−03 .286E−03 .584E−03 .114E−02 .213E−02 .383E−02
.905E−01 .138 .206 .301 .431 .605 .837 1.138 1.525 2.017
.452E−01 .708E−01 .108 .162 .236 .339 .478 .662 .902 1.212
.192E−01 .312E−01 .493E−01 .760E−01 .115 .170 .246 .350 .489 .673
.666E−02 .112E−01 .183E−01 .291E−01 .451E−01 .683E−01 .101 .147 .209 .292
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.957 1.349 1.863 2.524 3.361 4.404 5.685 7.236 9.093 11.289
.891 1.258 1.740 2.361 3.149 4.132 5.342 6.810 8.571 10.658
.786 1.113 1.544 2.101 2.810 3.697 4.793 6.127 7.731 9.640
.634 .904 1.264 1.732 2.333 3.090 4.031 5.185 6.584 8.259
.441 .638 .903 1.253 1.708 2.289 3.021 3.930 5.045 6.397
.244 .360 .519 .734 1.020 1.392 1.870 2.475 3.233 4.169
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
13.861 16.841 20.264 24.160 28.561 33.494 38.984 45.055 51.726 59.015
13.107 15.951 19.225 22.960 27.188 31.939 37.240 43.116 49.590 56.681
11.887 14.505 17.529 20.992 24.927 29.364 34.334 39.865 45.984 52.715
10.245 12.576 15.287 18.414 21.992 26.056 30.642 35.784 41.514 47.866
8.020 9.948 12.217 14.864 17.929 21.452 25.472 30.030 35.168 40.926
5.312 6.696 8.354 10.322 12.641 15.351 18.496 22.122 26.275 31.004
2.633 3.396 4.331 5.466 6.832 8.459 10.384 12.642 15.272 18.315
1.606 2.101 2.715 3.468 4.382 5.481 6.791 8.337 10.147 12.250
.913 1.221 1.610 2.098 2.701 3.439 4.332 5.402 6.673 8.170
.402 .544 .726 .956 1.242 1.594 2.023 2.540 3.157 3.886
300 310 320 330 340 350
66.934 75.495 84.705 94.567 105.083 116.251
64.407 72.781 81.816 91.518 101.894 112.947
60.081 68.101 76.792 86.172 96.252 107.043
54.869 62.553 70.947 80.078 89.970 100.647
47.347 54.470 62.338 70.990 80.466 90.806
36.361 42.398 49.168 56.727 65.130 74.437
21.814 25.812 30.355 35.489 41.262 47.723
14.675 17.453 20.611 24.182 28.193 32.674
9.916 11.939 14.264 16.916 19.920 23.303
4.740 5.732 6.876 8.185 9.672 11.351
Weight percent, H2SO4 °C
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
98.5
99.0
99.5
100.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
.518E−06 .159E−05 .449E−05 .117E−04 .385E−04 .653E−04 .141E−03 .291E−03 .571E−03 .107E−02
.243E−06 .765E−06 .221E−05 .590E−05 .147E−04 .344E−04 .759E−04 .159E−03 .319E−03 .612E−03
.109E−06 .348E−06 .102E−05 .279E−05 .708E−05 .169E−04 .380E−04 .813E−04 .166E−03 .324E−03
.416E−07 .136E−06 .407E−06 .113E−05 .293E−05 .712E−05 .164E−04 .357E−04 .742E−04 .148E−03
.235E−07 .774E−07 .235E−06 .659E−06 .173E−05 .425E−05 .987E−05 .218E−04 .458E−04 .921E−04
.117E−07 .391E−07 .121E−06 .344E−06 .914E−06 .228E−05 .538E−05 .120E−04 .257E−04 .524E−04
.768E−08 .261E−07 .812E−07 .234E−06 .630E−06 .159E−05 .379E−05 .856E−05 .184E−04 .390E−04
.479E−08 .166E−07 .528E−07 .155E−06 .425E−06 .109E−05 .264E−05 .605E−05 .132E−04 .277E−04
.313E−08 .113E−07 .373E−07 .114E−06 .323E−06 .861E−06 .216E−05 .514E−05 .117E−04 .253E−04
.323E−08 .124E−07 .435E−07 .141E−06 .425E−06 .120E−05 .319E−05 .804E−05 .193E−04 .441E−04
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
.195E−02 .340E−02 .575E−02 .944E−02 .151E−01 .235E−01 .357E−01 .532E−01 .775E−01 .111
.113E−02 .201E−02 .346E−02 .578E−02 .939E−02 .149E−01 .230E−01 .347E−01 .514E−01 .747E−01
.607E−03 .110E−02 .192E−02 .327E−02 .539E−02 .866E−02 .136E−01 .208E−01 .312E−01 .460E−01
.283E−03 .521E−03 .929E−03 .161E−02 .270E−02 .441E−02 .703E−02 .110E−01 .167E−01 .250E−01
.178E−03 .332E−03 .598E−03 .104E−02 .177E−02 .293E−02 .471E−02 .741E−02 .114E−01 .172E−01
.103E−03 .194E−03 .354E−03 .626E−03 .107E−02 .180E−02 .293E−02 .466E−02 .726E−02 .111E−01
.751E−04 .143E−03 .263E−03 .470E−03 .815E−03 .137E−02 .226E−02 .363E−02 .571E−02 .880E−02
.555E−04 .107E−03 .201E−03 .363E−03 .639E−03 .109E−02 .183E−02 .299E−02 .478E−02 .749E−02
.527E−04 .106E−03 .206E−03 .387E−03 .708E−03 .126E−02 .219E−02 .372E−02 .619E−02 .101E−01
.966E−04 .204E−03 .414E−03 .314E−03 .155E−02 .287E−02 .516E−02 .905E−02 .155E−01 .260E−01
.665E−01 .944E−01 .132 .182 .247 .331 .439 .575 .744 .954
.367E−01 .530E−01 .752E−01 .105 .145 .197 .264 .351 .460 .597
.255E−01 .371E−01 .531E−01 .749E−01 .104 .143 .193 .258 .341 .446
.166E−01 .245E−01 .354E−01 .505E−01 .710E−01 .985E−01 .135 .153 .245 .324
.133E−01 .198E−01 .289E−01 .417E−01 .592E−01 .830E−01 .115 .157 .213 .285
.115E−01 .175E−01 .260E−01 .382E−01 .553E−01 .790E−01 .112 .156 .215 .295
.161E−01 .253E−01 .392E−01 .596E−01 .895E−01 .132 .193 .279 .398 .562
.427E−01 .687E−01 .109 .169 .258 .389 .577 .846 1.225 1.751
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290
.156 .216 .295 .396 .525 .688 .881 1.141 1.447 1.817
.107 .150 .207 .282 .379 .503 .660 .856 1.099 1.398
300 310 320 330 340 350
2.261 2.791 3.417 4.153 5.011 6.006
1.761 2.199 2.723 3.347 4.084 4.949
1.211 1.524 1.901 2.353 2.889 3.523
.767 .977 1.234 1.545 1.919 2.366
.578 .742 .944 1.191 1.491 1.852
.425 .553 .713 .911 1.156 1.456
.379 .498 .649 .840 1.078 1.374
.399 .536 .714 .944 1.239 1.614
.785 1.085 1.486 2.018 2.718 3.631
2.476 3.465 4.800 6.586 8.957 12.079
*Vermeulen, Dong, Robinson, Nguyen, and Gmitro, AIChE meeting, Anaheim, Calif., 1982; and private communication from Prof. Theodore Vermeulen, Chemical Engineering Dept., University of California, Berkeley.
2-88
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-18
Partial Pressures of HNO3 and H2O over Aqueous Solutions of HNO3* mmHg Percentages are weight % HNO3 in solution. 20%
°C
25%
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
30% H2O
HNO3
35% H2O
0 5 10 15 20
4.1 5.7 8.0 10.9 15.2
3.8 5.4 7.6 10.3 14.2
3.6 5.0 7.1 9.7 13.2
25 30 35 40 45
20.6 27.6 36.5 47.5 62
19.2 25.7 33.8 44 57.5
17.8 23.8 31.1 41 53
0.09
0.11 .17
40%
HNO3
H2O
45%
HNO3
H2O
3.3 4.6 6.5 8.9 12.0 16.2 21.7 28.3 37.7 48
0.09 .13 .20 .28
0.12 .17 .25 .36 .52
50%
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
3.0 4.2 5.8 8.0 10.8
H2O
0.10 .15
2.6 3.6 5.0 6.9 9.4
0.12 .18 .27
2.1 3.0 4.2 5.8 7.9
14.6 19.5 25.5 33.5 43
.23 .33 .48 .68 .96
12.7 16.9 22.3 29.3 38.0
.39 .56 .80 1.13 1.57
10.7 14.4 19.0 25.0 32.5
49.5 62.5 80 100 126
2.18 2.95 4.05 5.46 7.25
42.5 54 70 88 110
50 55 60 65 70
0.09 .13 .19 .27
80 100 128 162 200
.13 .18 .28 .40 .54
75 94 121 151 187
.25 .35 .51 .71 1.00
69 87 113 140 174
.42 .59 .85 1.18 1.63
63 79 102 127 159
.75 1.04 1.48 2.05 2.80
56 71 90 114 143
1.35 1.83 2.54 3.47 4.65
75 80 85 90 95
.38 .53 .74 1.01 1.37
250 307 378 458 555
.77 1.05 1.44 1.95 2.62
234 287 352 426 517
1.38 1.87 2.53 3.38 4.53
217 267 325 393 478
2.26 3.07 4.15 5.50 7.32
198 243 297 359 436
3.80 5.10 6.83 9.0 11.7
178 218 268 325 394
6.20 8.15 10.7 13.7 17.8
158 195 240 292 355
9.6 12.5 16.3 20.9 26.8
138 170 211 258 315
100 105 110 115 120
1.87 2.50
675 800
3.50 4.65
628 745
6.05 7.90
580 690
530 631 755
15.5 20.0 25.7 32.5
480 573 688 810
23.0 29.2 37.0 46
430 520 625 740
34.2 43.0 54.5 67 84
383 463 560 665 785
°C
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
H2O
0 5 10 15 20
0.14 .21 .31 .45
1.8 2.5 3.5 4.9 6.7
0.19 .28 .41 .59 .84
1.5 2.1 3.0 4.1 5.6
0.41 .60 .86 1.21 1.68
1.3 1.8 2.6 3.5 4.9
0.79 1.12 1.58 2.18 3.00
1.1 1.6 2.2 3.0 4.1
25 30 35 40 45
.66 .93 1.30 1.82 2.50
9.1 12.2 16.1 21.3 28.0
1.21 1.66 2.28 3.10 4.20
7.7 10.3 13.6 18.1 23.7
2.32 3.17 4.26 5.70 7.55
6.6 8.8 11.6 15.5 20.0
4.10 5.50 7.30 9.65 12.6
5.5 7.4 9.8 12.8 16.7
50 55 60 65 70
3.41 4.54 6.15 8.18 10.7
36.3 46 60 76 95
5.68 7.45 9.9 13.0 16.8
31 39 51 64 81
10.0 12.8 16.8 21.7 27.5
26.0 33.0 43.0 54.5 68
16.5 21.0 27.1 34.5 43.3
21.8 27.3 35.3 44.5 56
75 80 85 90 95
13.9 18.0 23.0 29.4 37.3
120 148 182 223 272
21.8 27.5 34.8 43.7 55.0
102 126 156 192 233
35.0 43.5 54.5 67.5 83.5
100 105 110 115 120 125
47 58.5 73 90 110
331 400 485 575 685
69.5 84.5 103 126 156 187
285 345 417 495 590 700
55%
60%
9.7 12.7 16.5
65%
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 304–305.
103 124 152 181 218 260
70%
80% HNO3
90%
100%
H2O
HNO3
H2O
HNO3
2 3 4 6 8
1.2 1.7 2.4
5.5 8 11 15 20
10.5 14 18.5 24.5 32
3.2 4 5.5 7 9.5
27 36 47 62 80
1 1.3 1.8 2.4 3
57 77 102 133 170
11 15 22 30 42
41 52 67 85 106
12 15 20 25 31
103 127 157 192 232
4 5 6.5 8 10
215 262 320 385 460 540 625 720 820
86 106 131 160 195
54.5 67.5 83 103 125
70 86 107 130 158
130 158 192 230 278
38 48 60 73 89
282 338 405 480 570
13 16 20 24 29
238 288 345 410 490 580
152 183 221 262 312 372
192 231 278 330 393 469
330 392 465 545 640
108 129 155 185 219
675 790
35 42
VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-19 Partial Pressures of H2O and HBr over Aqueous Solutions of HBr at 20 to 55°C* mmHg % HBr 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
20 °C HBr
0.09 0.23 0.71 2.2 6.8 21
25 °C H2O
6.2 4.5 3.3 2.4 1.7 1.3
HBr
50 °C H2O
0.0016 0.0022 0.0033 0.0061 0.011 0.023 0.048 0.10 0.13 0.37 1.1 3.2 9.3 27
HBr
8.2 6.1 4.5 3.3 2.4 1.9
1.3 3.2 7.2 17 40 91
H2O
30.2 24.3 19.3 16.0 13.3 10.4
55 °C HBr
2.0 4.6 10.2 23.0 51 115 260
H2O
38 31 25 21 18 14 11.4
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
2-89
TABLE 2-22 Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of CH3COOH* Percentages of weight % acetic acid in the solution mmHg °C
25%
50%
75%
20 25 30 35 40
16.3 22.1 29.6 39.4 51.7
15.7 21.4 28.8 38.3 50.2
15.3 20.8 27.8 36.6 48.1
45 50 55 60 65
67.0 87.2 110 141 178
65.0 85.0 107 138 172
62.0 80.1 102 130 162
70 75 80 85 90
223 277 342 419 510
216 269 331 407 497
203 251 310 376 458
95 100
618 743
602 725
550 666
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
TABLE 2-20 Partial Pressures of HI over Aqueous Solutions of HI at 25°C* mmHg %HI pHI
44 0.00064
46 0.0010
48 0.0022
50 0.0050
52 0.013
54 0.035
56 0.10
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306.
TABLE 2-21 Vapor Pressures of the System: Water-Sulfuric Acid-Nitric Acid For these data reference must be made to the graphs of International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 306–308.
Vapor pressure of aqueous diethylene glycol solutions. (Courtesy of Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.)
FIG. 2-3
2-90 TABLE 2-23
Partial Pressure of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) Liquid mole percent NH3 (liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
15
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
(14.29)
32 40 50 60 70
0.089 0.122 0.178 0.256 0.363
0.083 0.115 0.168 0.242 0.343
0.077 0.106 0.156 0.225 0.320
0.071 0.097 0.143 0.207 0.294
80 90 100 110 120
0.507 0.699 0.951 1.277 1.695
0.479 0.661 0.899 1.209 1.607
0.448 0.618 0.843 1.135 1.510
130 140 150 160 170
2.226 2.893 3.723 4.747 6.000
2.112 2.748 3.540 4.519 5.717
180 190 200 210 220
7.520 9.350 11.538 14.136 17.201
230 240 250
20.796 24.986 29.844
t, °F
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
80
85
90
95
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
0.063 0.087 0.129 0.186 0.266
0.055 0.077 0.113 0.164 0.235
0.047 0.065 0.097 0.142 0.204
0.039 0.054 0.081 0.119 0.172
0.031 0.044 0.066 0.098 0.143
0.025 0.035 0.053 0.079 0.116
0.019 0.027 0.041 0.062 0.093
0.014 0.021 0.032 0.049 0.073
0.011 0.016 0.025 0.038 0.058
0.008 0.012 0.019 0.030 0.045
0.006 0.009 0.014 0.023 0.036
0.004 0.007 0.011 0.018 0.028
0.003 0.005 0.008 0.014 0.022
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.010 0.016
0.002 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.011
0.001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006
0.413 0.571 0.780 1.052 1.402
0.374 0.518 0.710 0.960 1.283
0.332 0.462 0.634 0.861 1.154
0.289 0.403 0.556 0.758 1.021
0.245 0.345 0.479 0.656 0.889
0.205 0.290 0.405 0.559 0.763
0.168 0.240 0.338 0.470 0.647
0.136 0.196 0.279 0.392 0.544
0.109 0.159 0.228 0.324 0.455
0.087 0.128 0.186 0.268 0.380
0.069 0.103 0.152 0.220 0.316
0.055 0.083 0.123 0.181 0.263
0.043 0.066 0.100 0.148 0.217
0.034 0.052 0.079 0.119 0.176
0.025 0.040 0.061 0.092 0.137
0.018 0.028 0.043 0.065 0.099
0.010 0.015 0.024 0.036 0.056
1.988 2.591 3.343 4.273 5.416
1.850 2.415 3.122 4.000 5.079
1.696 2.221 2.879 3.698 4.709
1.532 2.012 2.618 3.374 4.312
1.361 1.796 2.347 3.039 3.902
1.192 1.582 2.078 2.706 3.493
1.030 1.376 1.821 2.387 3.101
0.881 1.186 1.582 2.090 2.736
0.747 1.016 1.367 1.821 2.405
0.632 0.867 1.177 1.584 2.110
0.532 0.738 1.013 1.376 1.851
0.448 0.628 0.870 1.194 1.622
0.376 0.532 0.746 1.033 1.418
0.313 0.448 0.634 0.887 1.229
0.257 0.371 0.529 0.748 1.047
0.202 0.295 0.425 0.607 0.858
0.147 0.216 0.314 0.453 0.647
0.083 0.124 0.183 0.267 0.386
7.174 8.931 11.035 13.538 16.496
6.807 8.488 10.504 12.910 15.758
6.397 7.994 9.916 12.213 14.941
5.947 7.452 9.270 11.449 14.047
5.465 6.873 8.580 10.635 13.095
4.968 6.275 7.869 9.796 12.115
4.472 5.680 7.160 8.962 11.141
3.995 5.107 6.479 8.160 10.205
3.551 4.573 5.842 7.410 9.331
3.148 4.086 5.262 6.725 8.534
2.787 3.650 4.740 6.110 7.817
2.468 3.262 4.275 5.559 7.175
2.184 2.914 3.856 5.061 6.592
1.928 2.598 3.470 4.598 6.045
1.688 2.297 3.098 4.146 5.504
1.451 1.994 2.718 3.675 4.932
1.201 1.669 2.300 3.147 4.277
0.917 1.290 1.802 2.502 3.455
0.555 0.793 1.129 1.600 2.262
19.971 24.029 28.744
19.111 23.037 27.607
18.162 21.943 26.358
17.124 20.748 24.996
16.020 19.479 23.549
14.886 18.179 22.070
13.760 16.889 20.608
12.679 15.654 19.212
11.672 14.506 17.917
10.754 13.463 16.748
9.930 12.530 15.708
9.192 11.696 14.783
8.522 10.938 13.946
7.889 10.221 13.153
7.255 9.496 12.346
6.573 8.703 11.452
5.777 7.759 10.369
4.751 6.508 8.891
3.196 4.520 6.413
(19.1)
75
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63–96 (1998).
TABLE 2-24
Mole Percentages of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 Liquid mole percent NH3 (liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
15
t, °F
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
(14.29)
32 40 50 60 70
100 100 100 100 100
32.046 33.233 34.709 36.172 37.619
14.173 15.064 16.192 17.334 18.489
7.263 7.842 8.588 9.359 10.154
80 90 100 110 120
100 100 100 100 100
39.047 40.455 41.840 43.201 44.537
19.653 20.827 22.007 23.194 24.385
130 140 150 160 170
100 100 100 100 100
45.849 47.136 48.398 49.636 50.849
180 190 200 210 220
100 100 100 100 100
230 240 250
100 100 100
20 (19.1)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
3.959 4.321 4.797 5.299 5.828
2.202 2.427 2.727 3.050 3.396
1.226 1.365 1.554 1.760 1.985
0.679 0.765 0.883 1.015 1.162
0.375 0.428 0.502 0.587 0.683
0.207 0.240 0.287 0.342 0.405
0.116 0.137 0.167 0.203 0.245
0.067 0.080 0.100 0.123 0.152
0.039 0.048 0.061 0.077 0.097
0.024 0.030 0.039 0.050 0.064
0.015 0.019 0.026 0.034 0.044
0.010 0.013 0.017 0.023 0.030
0.007 0.009 0.012 0.016 0.021
0.005 0.006 0.008 0.011 0.015
0.003 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.010
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
10.974 11.816 12.681 13.567 14.475
6.382 6.963 7.571 8.205 8.867
3.765 4.160 4.580 5.027 5.501
2.231 2.497 2.786 3.098 3.434
1.325 1.505 1.703 1.920 2.158
0.791 0.913 1.049 1.201 1.370
0.478 0.561 0.655 0.763 0.884
0.294 0.351 0.418 0.494 0.582
0.186 0.226 0.273 0.328 0.393
0.121 0.149 0.184 0.224 0.273
0.081 0.102 0.127 0.158 0.195
0.056 0.072 0.091 0.114 0.142
0.040 0.051 0.066 0.084 0.106
0.028 0.037 0.048 0.062 0.079
0.020 0.026 0.034 0.044 0.057
0.013 0.017 0.023 0.030 0.039
0.007 0.009 0.012 0.016 0.021
25.580 26.779 27.979 29.182 30.385
15.404 16.353 17.322 18.310 19.317
9.557 10.273 11.017 11.789 12.587
6.002 6.532 7.091 7.680 8.298
3.796 4.184 4.600 5.044 5.517
2.419 2.702 3.010 3.344 3.705
1.558 1.766 1.994 2.246 2.521
1.020 1.173 1.344 1.534 1.746
0.682 0.796 0.925 1.071 1.236
0.467 0.554 0.653 0.767 0.897
0.329 0.396 0.473 0.563 0.668
0.238 0.290 0.352 0.425 0.509
0.177 0.218 0.268 0.327 0.396
0.133 0.166 0.206 0.254 0.312
0.100 0.126 0.158 0.197 0.245
0.073 0.094 0.118 0.149 0.187
0.050 0.064 0.082 0.104 0.132
0.027 0.035 0.045 0.058 0.074
52.038 53.204 54.347 55.468 56.567
31.588 32.792 33.994 35.196 36.395
20.341 21.383 22.442 23.517 24.607
13.413 14.266 15.146 16.052 16.985
8.948 9.628 10.340 11.083 11.858
6.021 6.557 7.124 7.725 8.359
4.094 4.513 4.963 5.445 5.961
2.822 3.151 3.508 3.896 4.316
1.981 2.240 2.526 2.840 3.184
1.421 1.628 1.859 2.116 2.401
1.045 1.212 1.402 1.615 1.854
0.788 0.926 1.083 1.263 1.468
0.609 0.724 0.857 1.011 1.187
0.479 0.576 0.690 0.823 0.977
0.381 0.463 0.561 0.676 0.811
0.302 0.371 0.453 0.552 0.669
0.233 0.288 0.357 0.439 0.539
0.166 0.209 0.261 0.326 0.406
0.094 0.120 0.153 0.195 0.248
57.645 58.702 59.740
37.592 38.787 39.978
25.711 26.830 27.962
17.943 18.927 19.936
12.665 13.503 14.374
9.028 9.732 10.471
6.512 7.098 7.722
4.769 5.258 5.784
3.560 3.970 4.416
2.716 3.064 3.447
2.122 2.421 2.754
1.699 1.960 2.254
1.390 1.621 1.884
1.156 1.363 1.601
0.969 1.155 1.371
0.809 0.975 1.171
0.660 0.806 0.982
0.506 0.629 0.783
0.317 0.406 0.524
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63–96 (1998).
2-91
2-92 TABLE 2-25
Partial Pressures of NH3 over Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) Liquid mole percent NH3 (liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
t, °F (0) (4.74)
10
15
20
25
30
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
(9.5)
(14.29)
(19.1)
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
35
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
(100)
21.480 25.798 32.120 39.581 48.307
43.900 48.431 51.828 57.082 63.243 69.520 76.489 83.933 91.745 100.51
52.368 61.665 75.020 90.486 108.26
55.846 65.731 79.931 96.376 115.29
59.055 69.506 84.523 101.93 121.94
62.277 73.322 89.205 107.63 128.85
32 40 50 60 70
0 0 0 0 0
0.177 0.230 0.316 0.426 0.568
0.468 0.600 0.808 1.074 1.410
0.901 1.143 1.522 2.002 2.603
1.533 1.932 2.552 3.330 4.296
2.456 3.078 4.036 5.228 6.696
3.797 4.730 6.154 7.912 10.056
5.710 7.066 9.117 11.625 14.656
8.358 10.267 13.129 16.593 20.742
11.868 14.467 18.328 22.959 28.456
16.279 19.691 24.721 30.702 37.744
27.206 32.478 40.150 49.149 59.615
33.087 39.307 48.315 58.831 71.008
38.745 45.860 56.128 68.074 81.861
80 90 100 110 120
0 0 0 0 0
0.748 0.973 1.250 1.590 2.001
1.831 2.351 2.987 3.758 4.683
3.348 4.261 5.368 6.700 8.285
5.483 6.926 8.663 10.735 13.184
8.483 10.639 13.213 16.258 19.832
12.645 15.741 19.406 23.709 28.718
18.283 22.582 27.630 33.509 40.300
25.664 31.447 38.185 45.971 54.899
34.922 42.460 51.177 61.177 72.569
45.966 58.428 71.689 55.485 70.073 85.514 66.416 83.375 101.23 78.881 98.461 118.98 92.996 115.45 138.90
84.998 100.96 119.04 139.39 162.15
97.654 115.62 135.93 158.73 184.19
109.19 128.99 151.34 176.40 204.35
119.45 140.93 165.15 192.30 222.57
128.56 151.60 177.57 206.69 239.16
136.88 161.39 189.05 220.07 254.71
144.83 170.82 200.19 233.16 270.03
153.13 180.76 212.01 247.19 286.60
130 140 150 160 170
0 0 0 0 0
2.494 5.784 3.082 7.084 3.774 8.604 4.585 10.371 5.527 12.408
10.158 12.352 14.902 17.844 21.216
16.055 19.395 23.250 27.669 32.700
23.989 28.791 34.295 40.562 47.649
34.503 41.135 48.685 57.222 66.816
48.086 65.064 85.455 56.949 76.558 99.944 66.972 89.472 116.12 78.230 103.89 134.09 90.803 119.90 153.93
180 190 200 210 220
0 0 0 0 0
6.612 7.856 9.270 10.869 12.666
25.053 29.393 34.270 39.721 45.779
38.390 44.786 51.933 59.876 68.655
55.614 77.532 64.514 89.432 74.401 102.58 85.326 117.02 97.335 132.82
230 240 250
0 0 0
14.673 31.727 16.905 36.356 19.371 41.449
14.741 17.395 20.397 23.769 27.538
52.477 78.310 110.47 59.843 88.872 124.78 67.906 100.38 140.28
150.00 168.62 188.70
108.87 126.62 146.35 168.16 192.14
134.49 155.67 179.11 204.93 233.19
161.13 185.77 212.96 242.79 275.37
187.48 215.50 246.33 280.08 316.87
212.44 243.66 277.95 315.46 356.26
235.36 269.56 307.13 348.18 392.85
256.14 293.19 333.87 378.36 426.79
275.20 314.99 358.75 406.62 458.82
293.18 335.72 382.56 433.89 489.95
311.05 356.48 406.60 461.65 521.92
330.54 379.36 433.38 492.95 558.45
587.67 659.12 736.52 820.08 909.98
630.24 708.74 794.38 887.64 989.03
104.77 120.18 137.11 155.62 175.75
137.57 156.99 178.21 201.28 226.25
175.73 199.56 225.47 253.53 283.77
218.35 246.89 277.81 311.15 346.95
263.99 297.40 333.47 372.25 413.74
310.76 349.06 390.30 434.50 481.70
356.75 399.82 446.12 495.68 548.49
400.47 448.16 499.38 554.15 612.50
441.24 493.43 549.49 609.47 673.37
479.30 535.98 596.94 662.22 731.88
515.48 576.75 642.74 713.55 789.23
550.92 616.99 688.31 765.01 847.19
197.54 221.04 246.26
253.17 282.06 312.93
316.23 350.91 387.82
385.23 425.98 469.20
457.98 504.92 554.55
531.89 585.01 641.05
604.55 663.80 726.18
674.39 739.77 808.55
741.21 812.89 888.35
805.90 884.22 966.78
869.79 955.18 1045.3
934.86 1028.0 1126.5
1006.3 1109.2 1218.3
1099.1 1218.7 1348.5
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63–96 (1998).
TABLE 2-26
Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of NH3 (psia) Liquid mole percent NH3 (liquid weight percent NH3)
0
5
10
t, °F
(0)
(4.74)
(9.5)
32 40 50 60 70
0.089 0.122 0.178 0.256 0.363
0.260 0.345 0.483 0.668 0.911
0.545 0.706 0.964 1.299 1.730
0.971 1.240 1.665 2.209 2.898
80 90 100 110 120
0.507 0.699 0.951 1.277 1.695
1.227 1.633 2.149 2.799 3.608
2.279 2.969 3.830 4.893 6.194
130 140 150 160 170
2.226 4.607 7.773 2.893 5.830 9.674 3.723 7.315 11.947 4.747 9.104 14.644 6.000 11.244 17.824
180 190 200 210 220
7.520 9.350 11.538 14.136 17.201
13.786 16.787 20.305 24.407 29.162
21.548 25.883 30.901 36.679 43.296
230 240 250
20.796 34.644 50.838 24.986 40.934 59.393 29.844 48.115 69.056
15
25
30
35
40
45
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
(23.94)
(28.81)
(33.71)
(38.64)
(43.59)
(48.57)
(53.58)
(58.62)
(63.69)
(68.79)
(73.91)
(79.07)
(84.26)
(89.47)
(94.72)
(100)
1.596 2.020 2.680 3.516 4.562
2.512 3.155 4.149 5.392 6.931
3.844 4.795 6.251 8.053 10.260
5.749 7.120 9.198 11.744 14.828
8.389 10.311 13.195 16.691 20.885
11.893 14.502 18.381 23.038 28.572
16.298 19.718 24.762 30.764 37.837
21.494 25.819 32.152 39.630 48.381
27.217 32.494 40.175 49.187 59.673
33.095 39.319 48.334 58.860 71.053
38.751 45.869 56.143 68.097 81.897
43.904 48.434 51.835 57.087 63.254 69.528 76.507 83.946 91.773 100.53
52.371 61.669 75.026 90.496 108.28
55.848 65.734 79.935 96.383 115.30
59.056 69.507 84.526 101.93 121.95
62.277 73.322 89.205 107.63 128.85
3.761 4.832 6.148 7.751 9.688
5.857 7.445 9.373 11.694 14.467
8.815 11.101 13.847 17.119 20.986
12.934 16.144 19.962 24.467 29.739
18.528 22.927 28.109 34.165 41.189
25.869 31.737 38.590 46.530 55.662
35.090 42.700 51.514 61.647 73.216
46.102 58.537 71.776 55.680 70.232 85.642 66.695 83.603 101.42 79.273 98.785 119.25 93.540 115.91 139.28
85.067 101.06 119.19 139.61 162.47
97.709 115.70 136.05 158.91 184.45
109.23 129.06 151.44 176.55 204.57
119.48 140.98 165.23 192.42 222.75
128.59 151.64 177.63 206.78 239.30
136.90 161.42 189.09 220.14 254.81
144.84 170.84 200.21 233.20 270.09
153.13 180.76 212.01 247.19 286.60
12.008 14.767 18.024 21.844 26.295
17.752 21.616 26.129 31.367 37.409
25.521 30.803 36.913 43.936 51.961
35.864 42.931 51.032 60.262 70.718
49.278 66.094 58.531 77.934 69.050 91.292 80.937 106.28 94.297 123.00
86.336 101.13 117.70 136.18 156.67
109.62 127.64 147.72 169.98 194.54
135.12 156.54 180.29 206.51 235.30
161.66 186.51 213.97 244.16 277.22
187.93 216.13 247.20 281.28 318.49
212.82 244.19 278.70 316.49 357.68
235.67 270.01 307.76 349.07 394.08
256.40 293.56 334.40 379.11 427.84
275.40 315.29 359.17 407.23 459.68
293.33 335.94 382.87 434.34 490.60
311.13 356.60 406.78 461.92 522.31
330.54 379.36 433.38 492.95 558.45
31.450 37.387 44.186 51.934 60.720
44.337 61.079 82.499 52.238 71.387 95.708 61.203 82.981 110.45 71.325 95.961 126.82 82.702 110.43 144.93
588.22 659.91 737.65 821.68 912.24
630.24 708.74 794.38 887.64 989.03
(14.29)
20 (19.1)
70.639 95.434 126.49 81.786 109.62 144.26 94.264 125.38 163.83
164.89 186.80 210.77
50
109.24 125.86 144.27 164.58 186.89
141.57 162.10 184.69 209.44 236.46
179.28 204.13 231.31 260.94 293.10
221.50 250.98 283.07 317.88 355.49
266.78 301.05 338.21 378.36 421.56
313.23 352.32 394.57 440.06 488.88
358.94 402.74 449.98 500.74 555.08
402.40 450.76 502.85 558.75 618.54
442.93 495.73 552.59 613.62 678.88
480.75 537.98 599.66 665.90 736.81
516.68 578.42 645.04 716.70 793.51
551.84 618.28 690.11 767.51 850.64
211.30 237.93 266.87
265.85 297.71 332.14
327.90 365.42 405.74
395.98 439.44 485.95
467.91 517.45 570.25
541.08 596.71 655.83
613.07 674.74 740.12
682.28 749.99 821.71
748.46 822.39 900.70
812.47 892.93 978.24
875.57 962.94 1055.7
939.61 1034.5 1135.4
1009.5 1113.7 1224.7
1099.1 1218.7 1348.5
The values in Tables 2-23 to 2-26 were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, Version 7.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002). The primary source for the properties of aqueous ammonia mixtures is R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, “A Helmholtz Free Energy Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture {Water + Ammonia},” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63–96 (1998).
2-93
2-94
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-27 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Carbonate* mmHg %Na2CO3 t, °C
0
5
10
15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
4.5 9.2 17.5 31.8 55.3 92.5 149.5 239.8 355.5 526.0 760.0
4.5 9.0 17.2 31.2 54.2 90.7 146.5 235 348 516 746
8.8 16.8 30.4 53.0 88.7 143.5 230.5 342 506 731
16.3 29.6 57.6 86.5 139.9 225 334 494 715
20
28.8 50.2 84.1 136.1 219 325 482 697
25
27.8 48.4 81.2 131.6 211.5 315 467 676
30
26.4 46.1 77.5 125.7 202.5 301 447 648
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 372.
TABLE 2-28 Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over Aqueous Solutions of Methyl Alcohol* 39.9 °C
Mole fraction CH3OH
PH2O, mmHg
PCH3OH , mmHg
0 14.99 17.85 21.07 27.31 31.06 40.1 47.0 55.8 68.9 86.0 100.0
54.7 39.2 38.5 37.2 35.8 34.9 32.8 31.5 27.3 20.7 10.1 0
0 66.1 75.5 85.2 100.6 108.8 127.7 141.6 158.4 186.6 225.2 260.7
59.4 °C
Mole fraction CH3OH
PH2O, mmHg
PCH3OH , mmHg
0 22.17 27.40 33.24 39.80 47.08 55.5 69.2 78.5 85.9 100.0
145.4 106.9 102.2 96.6 91.7 84.8 76.9 57.8 43.8 30.1 0
0 210.1 240.2 272.1 301.9 335.6 373.7 439.4 486.6 526.9 609.3
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 290.
TABLE 2-29 Conc. g NaOH/ 100 g H2O 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 500 700 1000 2000 4000 8000
Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Hydroxide* mmHg Temperature, °C 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
160
200
250
300
350
4.6 4.4 4.2 3.6 2.9 2.2
17.5 16.9 16.0 13.9 11.3 8.7 6.3 4.4 3.0 2.0 1.3 0.9
55.3 53.2 50.6 44.2 36.6 28.7 20.7 15.5 10.9 7.6 5.2 3.6 1.7
149.5 143.5 137.0 120.5 101.0 81.0 62.5 47.0 34.5 24.5 17.5 12.5 6.3 3.0 1.5
355.5 341.5 325.5 288.5 246.0 202.0 160.5 124.0 94.0 70.5 53.0 38.5 20.5 11.0 6.0 3.5 2.0 0.5 0.1
760.0 730.0 697.0 621.0 537.0 450.0 368.0 294.0 231.0 179.0 138.0 105.0 61.0 35.5 20.5 12.0 7.0 2.0 0.5
1,489 1,430 1,365 1,225 1,070 920 770 635 515 415 330 262 164 102 63 40 25 8 2.7 0.9
4,633 4,450 4,260 3,860 3,460 3,090 2,690 2,340 2,030 1,740 1,490 1,300 915 765 470 340 245 110 50 23 11
11,647 11,200 10,750 9,800 8,950 8,150 7,400 6,750 6,100 5,500 5,000 4,500 3,650 2,980 2,430 1,980 1,620 985 610 380 240 100
29,771 28,600 27,500 25,300 23,300 21,500 19,900 18,400 17,100 15,800 14,700 13,650 11,800 10,300 8,960 7,830 6,870 5,000 3,690 2,750 2,080 1,210 440
64,200 61,800 59,300 54,700 50,800 47,200 44,100 41,200 38,700 36,300 34,200 32,200 28,800 25,900 23,300 21,200 19,200 15,400 12,500 10,300 8,600 6,100 3,300 1,470 150
123,600 118,900 114,100 105,400 98,000 91,600 85,800 80,700 76,000 71,900 68,100 64,600 58,600 53,400 49,000 45,100 41,800 35,000 29,800 25,700 22,400 17,500 11,500 6,800 1,760 120 7
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 370.
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES
2-95
WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES CHART FOR GASES AT HIGH PRESSURES The accompanying figure is useful in determining the water-vapor content of air at high pressure in contact with liquid water.
Water content of air, °C = (°F − 32) × 5⁄ 9. (Landsbaum, Dadds, and Stutzman. Reprinted from vol. 47, January 1955 issue of Ind. Eng. Chem. [p. 192]. Copyright 1955 by the American Chemical Society and reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.)
FIG. 2-4
2-96
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-30 Density (kg/m3) of Saturated Liquid Water from the Triple Point to the Critical Point T, K 273.160* 274 276 278 280 282 284 286 288 290 292 294 296 298 300 302 304 306 308 310 312 314 316 318 320 322 324 326 328 330 332 334 336 338 340 342 344 346 348 350
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
T, K
ρ, kg/m3
999.793 999.843 999.914 999.919 999.862 999.746 999.575 999.352 999.079 998.758 998.392 997.983 997.532 997.042 996.513 995.948 995.346 994.711 994.042 993.342 992.610 991.848 991.056 990.235 989.387 988.512 987.610 986.682 985.728 984.750 983.747 982.721 981.671 980.599 979.503 978.386 977.247 976.086 974.904 973.702
352 354 356 358 360 362 364 366 368 370 372 374 376 378 380 382 384 386 388 390 392 394 396 398 400 402 404 406 408 410 412 414 416 418 420 422 424 426 428 430
972.479 971.235 969.972 968.689 967.386 966.064 964.723 963.363 961.984 960.587 959.171 957.737 956.285 954.815 953.327 951.822 950.298 948.758 947.199 945.624 944.030 942.420 940.793 939.148 937.486 935.807 934.111 932.398 930.668 928.921 927.157 925.375 923.577 921.761 919.929 918.079 916.212 914.328 912.426 910.507
432 434 436 438 440 442 444 446 448 450 452 454 456 458 460 462 464 466 468 470 472 474 476 478 480 482 484 486 488 490 492 494 496 498 500 502 504 506 508 510
908.571 906.617 904.645 902.656 900.649 898.624 896.580 894.519 892.439 890.341 888.225 886.089 883.935 881.761 879.569 877.357 875.125 872.873 870.601 868.310 865.997 863.664 861.310 858.934 856.537 854.118 851.678 849.214 846.728 844.219 841.686 839.130 836.549 833.944 831.313 828.658 825.976 823.269 820.534 817.772
512 514 516 518 520 522 524 526 528 530 532 534 536 538 540 542 544 546 548 550 552 554 556 558 560 562 564 566 568 570 572 574 576 578 580 582 584 586 588 590
814.982 812.164 809.318 806.441 803.535 800.597 797.629 794.628 791.594 788.527 785.425 782.288 779.115 775.905 772.657 769.369 766.042 762.674 759.263 755.808 752.308 748.762 745.169 741.525 737.831 734.084 730.283 726.425 722.508 718.530 714.489 710.382 706.206 701.959 697.638 693.238 688.757 684.190 679.533 674.781
592 594 596 598 600 602 604 606 608 610 612 614 616 618 620 622 624 626 628 630 632 634 636 638 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 647.096†
669.930 664.974 659.907 654.722 649.411 643.97 638.38 632.64 626.74 620.65 614.37 607.88 601.15 594.16 586.88 579.26 571.25 562.81 553.84 544.25 533.92 522.71 510.42 496.82 481.53 473.01 463.67 453.14 440.73 425.05 402.96 357.34 322
*Triple point †Critical point From Wagner, W., and Pruss, A., “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2):387–535, 2002.
DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES TABLE 2-31
2-97
Density (kg/m3) of Mercury from 0 to 350°C* Density, kg /m3
t, °C
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30 40
13595.08 13570.44 13545.87 13521.36 13496.92
13592.61 13567.98 13543.41 13518.91 13494.48
13590.14 13565.52 13540.96 13516.47 13492.04
13587.68 13563.06 13538.51 13514.02 13489.60
13585.21 13560.60 13536.06 13511.58 13487.16
13582.75 13558.14 13533.61 13509.13 13484.72
13580.29 13555.69 13531.16 13506.69 13482.29
13577.82 13553.23 13528.71 13504.25 13479.85
13575.36 13550.78 13526.26 13501.80 13477.41
13572.90 13548.32 13523.81 13499.36 13474.98
50 60 70 80 90
13472.54 13448.22 13423.96 13399.75 13375.59
13470.11 13445.80 13421.54 13397.34 13373.18
13467.67 13443.37 13419.12 13394.92 13370.77
13465.24 13440.94 13416.69 13392.50 13368.36
13462.81 13438.51 13414.27 13390.08 13365.94
13460.38 13436.09 13411.85 13387.67 13363.53
13457.94 13433.66 13409.43 13385.25 13361.12
13455.51 13431.23 13407.01 13382.84 13358.71
13453.08 13428.81 13404.59 13380.42 13356.30
13450.65 13426.39 13402.17 13378.01 13353.89
100 110 120 130 140
13351.5 13327.4 13303.4 13279.4 13255.4
13349.1 13325.0 13301.0 13277.0 13253.0
13346.7 13322.6 13298.6 13274.6 13250.6
13344.3 13320.2 13296.2 13272.2 13248.2
13341.9 13317.8 13293.8 13269.8 13245.8
13339.4 13315.4 13291.4 13267.4 13243.4
13337.0 13313.0 13288.9 13265.0 13241.0
13334.6 13310.6 13286.6 13262.6 13238.7
13332.2 13308.2 13284.2 13260.2 13236.3
13329.8 13305.8 13281.8 13257.8 13233.9
150 160 170 180 190
13231.5 13207.6 13183.7 13159.8 13136.0
13229.1 13205.2 13181.3 13157.4 13133.6
13226.7 13202.8 13178.9 13155.0 13131.2
13224.3 13200.4 13176.5 13152.6 13128.3
13221.9 13198.0 13174.1 13150.3 13126.4
13219.5 13195.6 13171.7 13147.9 13124.0
13217.1 13193.2 13169.4 13145.5 13121.7
13214.7 13190.8 13167.0 13143.1 13119.3
13212.4 13188.5 13164.6 13140.7 13116.9
13210.0 13186.1 13162.2 13138.3 13114.5
200 210 220 230 240
13112.1 13088.3 13064.5 13040.6 13016.8
13109.7 13085.9 13062.1 13038.3 13014.5
13107.4 13083.5 13059.7 13035.9 13012.1
13105.0 13081.1 13057.3 13033.5 13009.7
13102.6 13078.8 13054.9 13031.1 13007.3
13100.2 13076.4 13052.6 13028.7 13004.9
13097.8 13074.0 13050.2 13026.4 13002.5
13095.4 13071.6 13047.8 13024.0 13000.2
13093.1 13069.2 13045.4 13021.6 12997.8
13090.7 13066.8 13043.0 13019.2 12995.4
250 260 270 280 290
12993.0 12969.2 12945.4 12921.5 12897.7
12990.6 12966.8 12943.0 12919.1 12895.3
12988.3 12964.4 12940.6 12916.7 12892.9
12985.9 12962.0 12938.2 12914.4 12890.5
12983.5 12959.7 12935.8 12912.0 12888.1
12981.1 12957.3 12933.4 12909.6 12885.7
12978.7 12954.9 12931.1 12907.2 12883.3
12976.3 12952.5 12928.7 12904.8 12880.9
12974.0 12950.1 12926.3 12902.4 12878.5
12971.6 12947.7 12923.9 12900.0 12876.2
300 310 320 330 340
12873.8 12849.9 12825.9 12801.9 12777.8
12871.4 12847.5 12823.5 12799.5 12775.4
12869.0 12845.1 12821.1 12797.1 12773.0
12866.6 12842.7 12818.7 12794.7 12770.6
12864.2 12840.3 12816.3 12792.3 12768.2
12861.8 12837.9 12813.9 12789.9 12765.8
12859.4 12835.5 12811.5 12787.5 12763.4
12857.0 12833.1 12809.1 12785.1 12761.0
12854.6 12830.7 12806.7 12782.7 12758.6
12852.2 12828.3 12804.3 12780.2 12756.1
350
12753.7
*From “Mercury—Density and Thermal Expansion at Atmospheric Pressure and Temperatures from 0 to 350 °C,” Tables of Standard Handbook Data, Standartov, Moscow, 1978. The density values obtainable from those cited for the specific volume of the saturated liquid in the “Thermodynamic Properties” subsection show minor differences. No attempt was made to adjust either set.
2-98
TABLE 2-32 Cmpd. no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) Name
Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia Anisole Argon Benzamide Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane m-Cresol
Formula C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H3N C7H8O Ar C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C7H8O
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 7440-37-1 55-21-0 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6 108-39-4
44.053 59.067 60.052 102.089 58.079 41.052 26.037 56.063 72.063 53.063 28.960 17.031 108.138 39.948 121.137 78.112 110.177 122.121 103.121 182.218 108.138 136.191 124.203 154.208 159.808 157.008 108.965 94.939 54.090 54.090 58.122 90.121 90.121 74.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 56.106 116.158 134.218 90.187 90.187 54.090 72.106 88.105 69.105 44.010 76.141 28.010 153.823 88.004 70.906 112.557 64.514 119.378 50.488 78.541 78.541 108.138
C1 1.6994 1.016 1.4486 0.86852 1.2332 1.3064 2.4507 1.3261 1.2414 1.0816 2.8963 3.5383 0.77488 3.8469 0.7371 1.0259 0.83573 0.71587 0.8552 0.43743 0.59867 0.60917 0.70797 0.52257 2.1872 0.8226 1.1908 1.6762 1.187 1.2346 1.0677 0.81696 0.81856 0.98279 0.9682 1.0877 1.1591 1.1448 0.67794 0.50812 0.89458 0.89137 1.3409 1.0361 0.88443 0.87533 2.768 1.7968 2.897 0.99835 1.955 2.23 0.8711 1.3 1.0841 1.817 1.087 1.1202 0.9061
C2 0.26167 0.21845 0.25892 0.25187 0.25886 0.22597 0.27448 0.26124 0.25822 0.2293 0.26733 0.25443 0.26114 0.2881 0.25487 0.26666 0.26326 0.24812 0.26785 0.24833 0.22849 0.26925 0.25982 0.25833 0.29527 0.26632 0.25595 0.26141 0.26114 0.27216 0.27188 0.24755 0.24967 0.26830 0.26244 0.26454 0.27085 0.27154 0.2637 0.25238 0.27463 0.27365 0.27892 0.26731 0.25828 0.24331 0.26212 0.28749 0.27532 0.274 0.27884 0.27645 0.26805 0.26019 0.2581 0.25877 0.26832 0.27669 0.28268
C3 466 761 591.95 606 508.2 545.5 308.3 506 615 535 132.45 405.65 645.6 150.86 824 562.05 689 751 699.35 830 720.15 662 718 773 584.15 670.15 503.8 467 452 425 425.12 680 676 563.1 535.9 419.5 435.5 428.6 575.4 660.5 570.1 554 440 537.2 615.7 582.25 304.21 552 132.92 556.35 227.51 417.15 632.35 460.35 536.4 416.25 503.15 489 705.85
C4
Tmin, K
Density at Tmin
Tmax, K
Density at Tmax
0.2913 0.26116 0.2529 0.31172 0.2913 0.28678 0.28752 0.2489 0.30701 0.28939 0.27341 0.2888 0.28234 0.29783 0.28571 0.28394 0.30798 0.2857 0.30523 0.27555 0.23567 0.2632 0.32144 0.27026 0.3295 0.2821 0.29152 0.28402 0.3065 0.28707 0.28688 0.24535 0.22023 0.25488 0.26749 0.2843 0.28116 0.28419 0.29318 0.29373 0.28512 0.2953 0.29661 0.28397 0.248 0.28586 0.2908 0.3226 0.2813 0.287 0.28571 0.2926 0.2799 0.27155 0.2741 0.2833 0.28055 0.27646 0.2707
150.15 353.33 289.81 200.15 178.45 229.32 192.40 185.45 286.15 189.63 59.15 195.41 235.65 83.78 403.00 278.68 258.27 395.45 260.40 321.35 257.85 275.65 243.95 342.20 265.85 242.43 154.55 179.47 136.95 164.25 134.86 220.00 196.15 183.85 158.45 87.80 134.26 167.62 199.65 185.30 157.46 133.02 147.43 176.75 267.95 161.25 216.58 161.11 68.15 250.33 89.56 172.12 227.95 134.80 209.63 175.43 150.35 155.97 285.39
21.499 16.936 17.492 11.643 15.683 20.628 23.692 16.822 14.693 17.265 33.279 43.141 9.668 35.491 8.938 11.422 10.074 8.894 10.011 5.950 9.905 7.065 8.862 6.425 20.109 9.909 15.833 20.640 15.123 14.058 12.620 11.734 11.872 12.035 12.471 14.264 13.894 13.080 8.337 7.026 10.585 10.761 14.901 12.589 11.087 13.047 26.828 19.064 30.180 10.843 21.211 24.242 10.385 17.016 13.702 22.347 13.328 12.855 9.612
466.00 761.00 591.95 606.00 508.20 545.50 308.30 506.00 615.00 535.00 132.45 405.65 645.60 150.86 824.00 562.05 689.00 751.00 699.35 830.00 720.15 662.00 718.00 773.00 584.15 670.15 503.80 467.00 452.00 425.00 425.12 680.00 676.00 563.10 535.90 419.50 435.50 428.60 575.40 660.50 570.10 554.00 440.00 537.20 615.70 582.25 304.21 552.00 132.92 556.35 227.51 417.15 632.35 460.35 536.40 416.25 503.15 489.00 705.85
6.4944 4.6509 5.5948 3.4483 4.7640 5.7813 8.9285 5.0762 4.8075 4.7170 10.8340 13.9070 2.9673 13.3530 2.8921 3.8472 3.1745 2.8852 3.1928 1.7615 2.6201 2.2625 2.7248 2.0229 7.4075 3.0888 4.6525 6.4121 4.5455 4.5363 3.9271 3.3002 3.2786 3.6630 3.6892 4.1117 4.2795 4.2160 2.5709 2.0133 3.2574 3.2573 4.8075 3.8760 3.4243 3.5976 10.5600 6.2500 10.5220 3.6436 7.0112 8.0666 3.2498 4.9963 4.2003 7.0217 4.0511 4.0486 3.2054
2-99
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122
o-Cresol p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine
C7H8O C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8 C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2 C12H10O C6H15N
95-48-7 106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0 110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6 75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1 101-84-8 142-84-7
108.138 108.138 120.192 52.035 56.106 84.159 100.159 98.143 82.144 70.133 68.117 42.080 116.224 156.265 142.282 172.265 158.281 140.266 174.347 138.250 4.032 187.861 187.861 173.835 130.228 147.002 147.002 147.002 98.959 98.959 84.933 112.986 112.986 105.136 73.137 74.122 90.187 66.050 66.050 52.023 101.190 102.175 114.185 90.121 104.148 54.090 45.084 86.175 112.213 112.213 112.213 94.199 46.068 73.094 100.202 194.184 60.170 62.134 78.133 194.184 88.105 170.207 101.190
1.0861 1.1503 0.58711 1.0743 1.3931 0.88998 0.8243 0.86464 0.92997 1.0897 1.1035 1.7411 0.78578 0.46802 0.41084 0.39348 0.38208 0.43981 0.44289 0.46877 5.2115 0.95523 1.0132 1.1136 0.55941 0.74495 0.74404 0.74858 1.1055 1.2591 1.3897 0.9551 0.89833 0.68184 0.85379 0.9554 0.82227 1.4345 1.173 1.9973 0.6181 0.69213 0.64619 0.89368 0.76327 1.1717 1.5436 0.7565 0.55873 0.52953 0.54405 1.1058 1.5693 0.89615 0.72352 0.47977 1.0214 1.4029 1.1096 0.50824 1.1819 0.52133 0.659
0.30624 0.31861 0.25583 0.20948 0.29255 0.27376 0.26545 0.26888 0.27056 0.28356 0.27035 0.28205 0.27882 0.27146 0.25175 0.2492 0.24645 0.25661 0.27636 0.25875 0.315 0.26364 0.26634 0.24834 0.27243 0.26147 0.26112 0.26276 0.26533 0.27698 0.25678 0.27794 0.26142 0.23796 0.25675 0.26847 0.26314 0.25774 0.22856 0.24653 0.25786 0.26974 0.26881 0.26599 0.26742 0.25895 0.27784 0.27305 0.25143 0.24358 0.25026 0.27866 0.2679 0.23478 0.28629 0.25428 0.26351 0.27991 0.25189 0.26885 0.2813 0.26218 0.26428
697.55 704.65 631 400.15 459.93 553.8 650.1 653 560.4 511.7 507 398 664 674.2 617.7 722.1 688 616.6 696 619.85 38.35 628 650.15 611 584.1 683.95 705 684.75 523 561.6 510 560 572 736.6 496.6 466.7 557.15 386.44 445 351.26 523.1 500.05 576 507.8 543 473.2 437.2 500 591.15 606.15 596.15 615 400.1 649.6 537.3 766 402 503.04 729 772 587 766.8 550
0.30587 0.30104 0.28498 0.20724 0.24913 0.28571 0.28495 0.29943 0.28943 0.25142 0.28699 0.29598 0.31067 0.26869 0.28571 0.28571 0.26125 0.29148 0.27668 0.29479 0.28571 0.29825 0.28571 0.27583 0.29932 0.31526 0.30815 0.30788 0.287 0.30492 0.2902 0.24132 0.2868 0.2062 0.27027 0.2814 0.27369 0.28178 0.28571 0.28153 0.271 0.28571 0.28036 0.28571 0.28571 0.27289 0.2572 0.27408 0.27758 0.26809 0.2658 0.31082 0.2882 0.28091 0.27121 0.30722 0.28421 0.2741 0.3311 0.2612 0.3047 0.31033 0.2766
304.19 307.93 177.14 245.25 182.48 279.69 296.60 242.00 169.67 179.28 138.13 145.59 189.64 267.15 243.51 304.55 280.05 206.89 247.56 229.15 18.73 210.15 282.85 220.60 175.30 248.39 256.15 326.14 176.19 237.49 178.01 200.00 172.71 301.15 223.35 156.85 169.20 154.56 215.00 136.95 176.85 187.65 204.81 159.95 226.10 240.91 180.96 145.19 239.66 223.16 184.99 188.44 131.65 212.72 160.00 274.18 122.93 174.88 291.67 413.80 284.95 300.03 210.15
9.575 9.449 7.939 18.520 14.074 9.380 9.469 10.090 11.160 11.906 13.470 18.658 8.905 5.383 5.393 5.181 5.261 5.733 5.005 5.895 42.945 11.799 11.704 15.358 6.607 9.121 9.166 8.518 13.549 13.462 17.974 10.862 11.526 10.390 10.575 11.487 10.470 18.006 17.424 27.399 8.054 8.067 7.680 11.029 8.843 13.767 16.964 9.031 7.342 7.578 7.626 12.413 18.950 13.954 7.874 6.233 12.898 15.556 14.111 5.538 11.838 6.265 7.993
697.55 704.65 631.00 400.15 459.93 553.80 650.10 653.00 560.40 511.70 507.00 398.00 664.00 674.20 617.70 722.10 688.00 616.60 696.00 619.85 38.35 628.00 650.15 611.00 584.10 683.95 705.00 684.75 523.00 561.60 510.00 560.00 572.00 736.60 496.60 466.70 557.15 386.44 445.00 351.26 523.10 500.05 576.00 507.80 543.00 473.20 437.20 500.00 591.15 606.15 596.15 615.00 400.10 649.60 537.30 766.00 402.00 503.04 729.00 772.00 587.00 766.80 550.00
3.5466 3.6104 2.2949 5.1284 4.7619 3.2509 3.1053 3.2157 3.4372 3.8429 4.0817 6.1730 2.8182 1.7241 1.6320 1.5790 1.5503 1.7139 1.6026 1.8117 16.5440 3.6232 3.8042 4.4842 2.0534 2.8491 2.8494 2.8489 4.1665 4.5458 5.4120 3.4364 3.4363 2.8654 3.3254 3.5587 3.1248 5.5657 5.1321 8.6070 2.3970 2.5659 2.4039 3.3598 2.8542 4.5248 5.5557 2.7706 2.2222 2.1739 2.1739 3.9683 5.8578 3.8170 2.5272 1.8868 3.8761 5.0120 4.4051 1.8904 4.2016 1.9884 2.4936
2-100
TABLE 2-32 Cmpd. no. 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Continued) Name
Dodecane Eicosane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Helium-4 Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene 3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C12H26 C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2 C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O He C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12 C6H10 C6H14S C6H10 C6H10
112-40-3 112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4 149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6 928-49-4 111-31-9 693-02-7 764-35-2
170.335 282.547 30.069 46.068 88.105 45.084 106.165 150.175 116.158 116.158 112.213 98.186 28.053 60.098 62.068 43.068 44.053 74.079 144.211 130.228 88.148 100.159 62.134 102.132 88.148 163.506 37.997 96.102 48.060 34.033 30.026 45.041 46.026 68.074 4.003 240.468 114.185 100.202 130.185 116.201 116.201 114.185 114.185 98.186 132.267 96.170 226.441 100.159 86.175 116.158 102.175 102.175 100.159 100.159 84.159 82.144 118.240 82.144 82.144
0.33267 0.18166 1.9122 1.6288 0.8996 1.0936 0.70041 0.48864 0.66085 0.63566 0.61587 0.71751 2.0961 0.7842 1.315 1.3462 1.836 1.1343 0.47428 0.55729 0.8185 0.68162 1.3047 0.7405 0.7908 0.58579 4.2895 1.0146 1.6525 2.1854 1.9415 1.2486 1.938 1.1339 7.2475 0.21897 0.59006 0.61259 0.53066 0.55687 0.57114 0.59268 0.58247 0.66016 0.58622 0.67304 0.23289 0.71899 0.70824 0.62833 0.70093 0.67393 0.67816 0.67666 0.76925 0.78045 0.66372 0.84427 0.76277
C2 0.24664 0.23351 0.27937 0.27469 0.25856 0.22636 0.26162 0.23894 0.25707 0.25613 0.26477 0.26903 0.27657 0.20702 0.25125 0.23289 0.26024 0.26168 0.25028 0.2714 0.26929 0.25152 0.2694 0.25563 0.266 0.24246 0.28587 0.27277 0.27099 0.24725 0.22309 0.20352 0.24225 0.24741 0.41865 0.23642 0.25609 0.26211 0.24729 0.24725 0.25534 0.25663 0.25279 0.26657 0.2726 0.26045 0.23659 0.26531 0.26411 0.25598 0.26776 0.25948 0.25634 0.25578 0.26809 0.26065 0.27345 0.27185 0.25248
C3 658 768 305.32 514 523.3 456.15 617.15 698 655 571 609.15 569.5 282.34 593 720 537 469.15 508.4 674.6 583 489 567 499.15 546 500.23 559.95 144.12 560.09 375.31 317.42 408 771 588 490.15 5.2 736 616.8 540.2 677.3 632.3 608.3 606.6 611.4 537.4 645 547 723 591 507.6 660.2 611.3 585.3 587.61 582.82 504 544 623 516.2 549
C4 0.28571 0.28571 0.29187 0.23178 0.278 0.25522 0.28454 0.28421 0.31103 0.27829 0.28054 0.27733 0.29147 0.20254 0.21868 0.23357 0.2696 0.2791 0.25442 0.29538 0.30621 0.3182 0.27866 0.2795 0.292 0.29509 0.28776 0.28291 0.2442 0.27558 0.28571 0.25178 0.24435 0.2612 0.24096 0.28571 0.28384 0.28141 0.28289 0.31471 0.26487 0.27766 0.29818 0.28571 0.29644 0.28388 0.28571 0.27628 0.27537 0.25304 0.24919 0.26552 0.28365 0.27746 0.28571 0.28571 0.29185 0.2771 0.31611
Tmin, K
Density at Tmin
Tmax, K
Density at Tmax
263.57 309.58 90.35 159.05 189.60 192.15 178.20 238.45 258.15 175.15 161.84 134.71 104.00 284.29 260.15 195.20 160.65 193.55 235.00 180.00 140.00 204.15 125.26 199.25 145.65 167.55 53.48 230.94 129.95 131.35 181.15 275.60 281.45 187.55 2.20 295.13 229.80 182.57 265.83 239.15 230.00 234.15 238.15 154.12 229.92 192.22 291.31 217.15 177.83 269.25 228.55 223.00 217.35 217.50 133.39 170.05 192.62 141.25 183.65
4.521 2.729 21.640 19.410 11.478 17.588 9.041 7.291 8.220 8.491 7.868 9.018 23.326 15.055 18.310 21.450 23.477 14.006 6.563 6.612 9.924 8.975 16.242 9.632 9.847 8.653 44.888 11.374 19.785 29.526 30.945 25.488 26.806 15.702 37.115 3.219 7.600 7.700 7.221 7.502 7.454 7.575 7.551 8.226 6.728 8.492 3.415 8.724 8.747 8.096 8.456 8.518 8.732 8.763 9.581 10.021 7.773 10.230 10.133
658.00 768.00 305.32 514.00 523.30 456.15 617.15 698.00 655.00 571.00 609.15 569.50 282.34 593.00 720.00 537.00 469.15 508.40 674.60 583.00 489.00 567.00 499.15 546.00 500.23 559.95 144.12 560.09 375.31 317.42 408.00 771.00 588.00 490.15 5.20 736.00 616.80 540.20 677.30 632.30 608.30 606.60 611.40 537.40 645.00 547.00 723.00 591.00 507.60 660.20 611.30 585.30 587.61 582.82 504.00 544.00 623.00 516.20 549.00
1.3490 0.7780 6.8447 5.9296 3.4793 4.8312 2.6772 2.0450 2.5707 2.4818 2.3261 2.6670 7.5789 3.7880 5.2338 5.7804 7.0550 4.3347 1.8950 2.0534 3.0395 2.7100 4.8430 2.8968 2.9729 2.4160 15.0050 3.7196 6.0980 8.8388 8.7028 6.1350 8.0000 4.5831 17.3120 0.9262 2.3041 2.3371 2.1459 2.2523 2.2368 2.3095 2.3042 2.4765 2.1505 2.5841 0.9844 2.7100 2.6816 2.4546 2.6178 2.5972 2.6455 2.6455 2.8694 2.9942 2.4272 3.1056 3.0211
2-101
182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244
Hydrazine Hydrogen Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane alpha-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether
H4N2 H2 HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C5H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10 C4H10O C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si C9H10 C5H12O
302-01-2 1333-74-0 10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9 96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5 75-65-0 115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9 98-83-9 1634-04-4
32.045 2.016 80.912 36.461 27.025 20.006 34.081 88.105 59.110 104.061 86.089 16.042 32.042 73.094 74.079 40.064 86.089 31.057 136.148 68.117 72.149 102.132 88.148 70.133 70.133 66.101 88.148 104.214 68.117 102.132 80.589 98.186 114.185 114.185 114.185 84.159 82.144 82.144 115.034 60.095 72.106 76.161 60.052 88.148 100.159 57.051 74.122 86.132 90.187 48.107 100.116 158.238 86.175 102.175 58.122 74.122 56.106 88.105 74.122 90.187 46.144 118.176 88.148
1.0516 5.414 2.832 3.342 1.3413 2.5635 2.7672 0.88575 1.2801 0.84266 0.87025 2.9214 2.3267 0.88268 1.13 1.6085 0.97286 1.39 0.53382 0.84623 0.91991 0.72762 0.80828 0.91619 0.93391 1.1157 0.8363 0.75509 0.94575 0.76983 1.0674 0.73109 0.7013 0.70973 0.72836 0.84758 0.88824 0.9109 0.97608 1.2635 0.93767 1.067 1.525 0.84005 0.71687 1.0228 0.97887 0.86567 0.78912 1.9323 0.7761 0.4416 0.72701 0.71004 1.0631 0.92128 1.1446 0.9147 0.96145 0.87496 1.3052 0.64856 0.928
0.16613 0.34893 0.2832 0.2729 0.18589 0.1766 0.27369 0.25736 0.2828 0.217 0.24383 0.28976 0.27073 0.23568 0.2593 0.26436 0.26267 0.21405 0.23274 0.24625 0.27815 0.25244 0.26783 0.26752 0.27275 0.27671 0.27514 0.27183 0.26008 0.26173 0.26257 0.26971 0.266 0.26544 0.27241 0.27037 0.26914 0.276 0.28209 0.27878 0.25035 0.27102 0.2634 0.27638 0.26453 0.20692 0.27017 0.26836 0.25915 0.28018 0.25068 0.2521 0.26754 0.26981 0.27506 0.25442 0.2724 0.2594 0.26536 0.26862 0.26757 0.25877 0.289
653.15 33.19 363.15 324.65 456.65 461.15 373.53 605 471.85 805 662 190.56 512.5 718 506.55 402.4 536 430.05 693 490 460.4 643 577.2 465 470 492 512.74 593 463.2 554.5 442 572.1 686 614 617 532.7 542 526 483 437.8 535.5 533 487.2 497 574.6 488 464.48 553.4 553.1 469.95 566 694 497.7 546.49 407.8 506.2 417.9 530.6 476.25 565 352.5 654 497.1
0.1898 0.2706 0.28571 0.3217 0.28206 0.3733 0.29015 0.26265 0.2972 0.28571 0.28571 0.28881 0.24713 0.27379 0.2764 0.27987 0.2508 0.2275 0.28147 0.29041 0.28667 0.28571 0.23588 0.28164 0.2578 0.30821 0.27553 0.29127 0.30807 0.26879 0.26569 0.29185 0.28571 0.26016 0.2478 0.28258 0.27874 0.26756 0.22529 0.2744 0.29964 0.29364 0.2806 0.27645 0.28918 0.28571 0.28998 0.28364 0.26512 0.28523 0.29773 0.28532 0.28268 0.29974 0.2758 0.27586 0.28172 0.2774 0.30088 0.30259 0.28799 0.31444 0.286
274.69 13.95 185.15 158.97 259.83 189.79 187.68 227.15 177.95 407.95 288.15 90.69 175.47 301.15 175.15 170.45 196.32 179.69 260.75 159.53 113.25 193.00 155.95 135.58 139.39 160.15 157.48 175.30 183.45 187.35 139.05 146.58 285.15 280.15 269.15 130.73 146.62 115.00 182.55 160.00 186.48 167.23 174.15 150.00 189.15 256.15 127.93 180.15 171.64 150.18 224.95 240.00 119.55 176.00 113.54 298.97 132.81 185.65 133.97 160.17 116.34 249.95 164.55
31.934 38.487 27.985 34.854 27.202 60.203 29.130 11.420 13.561 13.533 11.834 28.180 27.915 13.012 14.475 19.031 12.203 25.378 8.220 11.994 10.764 9.992 10.254 11.332 11.216 12.581 9.758 9.006 11.519 9.764 13.626 9.017 8.209 8.293 8.263 10.491 10.980 11.014 10.789 13.995 12.663 12.671 18.811 9.738 8.862 17.666 11.933 10.460 10.352 21.564 10.176 5.938 9.204 8.445 12.574 10.556 13.507 11.678 12.043 10.689 15.791 8.010 9.710
653.15 33.19 363.15 324.65 456.65 461.15 373.53 605.00 471.85 805.00 662.00 190.56 512.50 718.00 506.55 402.40 536.00 430.05 693.00 490.00 460.40 643.00 577.20 465.00 470.00 492.00 512.74 593.00 463.20 554.50 442.00 572.10 686.00 614.00 617.00 532.70 542.00 526.00 483.00 437.80 535.50 533.00 487.20 497.00 574.60 488.00 464.48 553.40 553.10 469.95 566.00 694.00 497.70 546.49 407.80 506.20 417.90 530.60 476.25 565.00 352.50 654.00 497.10
6.3300 15.5160 10.0000 12.2460 7.2156 14.5160 10.1110 3.4417 4.5265 3.8832 3.5691 10.0820 8.5942 3.7452 4.3579 6.0845 3.7037 6.4938 2.2936 3.4365 3.3072 2.8823 3.0179 3.4248 3.4241 4.0320 3.0395 2.7778 3.6364 2.9413 4.0652 2.7107 2.6365 2.6738 2.6738 3.1349 3.3003 3.3004 3.4602 4.5322 3.7454 3.9370 5.7897 3.0395 2.7100 4.9430 3.6232 3.2258 3.0450 6.8966 3.0960 1.7517 2.7174 2.6316 3.8650 3.6211 4.2019 3.5262 3.6232 3.2572 4.8780 2.5063 3.2111
2-102
TABLE 2-32 Cmpd. no. 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303
Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (mol/dm3) (Concluded) Name
Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl amine
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3H6O C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N2O NO C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C9H14 C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H5N C5H10O2 C3H9N
107-25-5 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 10102-43-9 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9 85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6 79-09-4 107-12-0 109-60-4 107-10-8
58.079 128.171 20.180 75.067 28.013 71.002 61.040 44.013 30.006 268.521 142.239 128.255 158.238 144.255 144.255 126.239 160.320 124.223 254.494 128.212 114.229 144.211 130.228 130.228 128.212 128.212 112.213 146.294 110.197 90.035 31.999 47.998 212.415 86.132 72.149 102.132 88.148 88.148 86.132 86.132 70.133 104.214 104.214 68.117 68.117 178.229 94.111 119.121 148.116 40.064 44.096 60.095 60.095 122.207 58.079 74.079 55.079 102.132 59.110
1.2587 0.6348 7.3718 1.0024 3.2091 2.3736 1.3728 2.781 5.246 0.19199 0.49587 0.46321 0.41582 0.43682 0.41687 0.48661 0.47377 0.52152 0.20448 0.53636 0.5266 0.48251 0.48979 0.50726 0.50006 0.5108 0.55449 0.52577 0.58945 1.0501 3.9143 3.3592 0.25142 0.83871 0.84947 0.73455 0.81754 0.79324 0.90411 0.71811 0.89816 0.65858 0.75345 0.8491 0.92099 0.45554 1.3798 0.63163 0.5393 1.6087 1.3757 1.2457 1.1799 0.61255 1.296 1.0969 1.0224 0.73041 0.9195
0.26433 0.25838 0.3067 0.23655 0.2861 0.2817 0.23793 0.27244 0.3044 0.23337 0.26135 0.25444 0.24284 0.25161 0.24056 0.25722 0.27052 0.25918 0.23474 0.26174 0.25693 0.25196 0.24931 0.25972 0.24851 0.25386 0.25952 0.27234 0.26052 0.215 0.28772 0.29884 0.23837 0.26252 0.26726 0.25636 0.26732 0.25806 0.27207 0.24129 0.26608 0.25367 0.27047 0.2352 0.25419 0.2523 0.31598 0.23373 0.22704 0.26543 0.27453 0.27281 0.2644 0.26769 0.26439 0.25568 0.23452 0.25456 0.23878
C3 437 748.4 44.4 593 126.2 234 588.15 309.57 180.15 758 658 594.6 710.7 670.9 649.5 593.1 681 598.05 747 638.9 568.7 694.26 652.3 629.8 632.7 627.7 566.9 667.3 574 804 154.58 261 708 566.1 469.7 639.16 588.1 561 561.08 560.95 464.8 584.3 598 481.2 519 869 694.25 653 791 394 369.83 536.8 508.3 636 504.4 600.81 564.4 549.73 496.95
C4 0.25819 0.27727 0.2786 0.278 0.2966 0.29529 0.29601 0.2882 0.242 0.28571 0.30736 0.28571 0.30036 0.2498 0.2916 0.28571 0.30284 0.29177 0.28571 0.26348 0.28571 0.26842 0.27824 0.22 0.29942 0.26735 0.28571 0.30063 0.28532 0.28571 0.2924 0.28523 0.28571 0.29444 0.27789 0.25522 0.25348 0.28571 0.30669 0.27996 0.28571 0.28571 0.30583 0.353 0.31077 0.24841 0.32768 0.28571 0.248 0.29895 0.29359 0.23994 0.24653 0.28571 0.29471 0.26857 0.2804 0.27666 0.2461
Tmin, K
Density at Tmin
Tmax, K
Density at Tmax
151.15 333.15 24.56 183.63 63.15 66.46 244.60 182.30 109.50 305.04 255.15 219.66 285.55 268.15 238.15 191.91 253.05 223.15 301.31 246.00 216.38 289.65 257.65 241.55 252.85 255.55 171.45 223.95 193.55 462.65 54.35 80.15 283.07 182.00 143.42 239.15 195.56 200.00 196.29 234.18 108.02 160.75 197.45 167.45 163.83 372.38 314.06 243.15 404.15 136.87 85.47 146.95 185.26 199.00 170.00 252.45 180.26 178.15 188.36
15.691 7.755 61.796 15.556 31.063 26.555 19.632 27.928 44.487 2.889 6.017 6.043 5.759 5.850 6.031 6.372 5.453 6.537 3.042 6.664 6.705 6.311 6.574 6.563 6.648 6.628 7.216 6.099 7.483 16.271 40.770 33.361 3.642 10.534 10.474 9.587 10.061 10.147 10.398 10.102 11.521 9.073 8.858 12.532 12.240 5.985 11.244 9.647 8.222 19.479 16.583 15.206 14.663 7.476 15.929 13.935 16.027 9.794 13.764
437.00 748.40 44.40 593.00 126.20 234.00 588.15 309.57 180.15 758.00 658.00 594.60 710.70 670.90 649.50 593.10 681.00 598.05 747.00 638.90 568.70 694.26 652.30 629.80 632.70 627.70 566.90 667.30 574.00 804.00 154.58 261.00 708.00 566.10 469.70 639.16 588.10 561.00 561.08 560.95 464.80 584.30 598.00 481.20 519.00 869.00 694.25 653.00 791.00 394.00 369.83 536.80 508.30 636.00 504.40 600.81 564.40 549.73 496.95
4.7619 2.4568 24.0360 4.2376 11.2170 8.4260 5.7698 10.2080 17.2340 0.8227 1.8973 1.8210 1.7123 1.7361 1.7329 1.8918 1.7513 2.0122 0.8711 2.0492 2.0500 1.9150 1.9646 1.9531 2.0122 2.0121 2.1366 1.9306 2.2626 4.8842 13.6050 11.2410 1.0550 3.1948 3.1784 2.8653 3.0583 3.0739 3.3231 2.9761 3.3755 2.5962 2.7857 3.6101 3.6232 1.8055 4.3667 2.7024 2.3754 6.0607 5.0111 4.5662 4.4626 2.2883 4.9018 4.2901 4.3595 2.8693 3.8508
304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 344 345 346 347
Propylbenzene Propylene Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl o-Terphenyl [use Eq. (2)] Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water [use Eq. (2)] m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C9H12 C3H6 C4H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
103-65-1 115-07-1 110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
120.192 42.080 88.105 76.161 76.161 76.094 108.095 104.079 104.149 118.088 64.064 146.055 80.063 166.131 230.304 230.304 198.388 72.106 132.202 88.171 114.229 84.140 92.138 133.404 184.361 101.190 59.110 120.192 120.192 114.229 114.229 213.105 227.131 156.308 172.308 86.089 52.075 62.498 161.490 18.015 106.165 106.165 106.165
0.57233 1.4403 0.915 1.093 1.0714 1.0923 0.83228 1.1945 0.7397 0.70284 2.106 1.3587 1.4969 0.42685 0.3448 5.7136 0.27248 1.2543 0.67717 1.1628 0.58988 1.2874 0.8792 0.9062 0.29934 0.7035 1.0116 0.6531 0.60394 0.59059 0.6028 0.48195 0.37378 0.36703 0.33113 0.9591 1.2703 1.5115 0.59595 −13.851 0.68902 0.69962 0.67752
0.25171 0.26852 0.26134 0.27762 0.27214 0.26106 0.25385 0.24128 0.2603 0.22268 0.25842 0.2701 0.19013 0.181 0.25116 −0.003474 0.24007 0.28084 0.27772 0.28954 0.27201 0.28194 0.27136 0.25475 0.2433 0.27386 0.25683 0.27002 0.25956 0.27424 0.27446 0.23093 0.21379 0.24876 0.23676 0.2593 0.26041 0.2707 0.24314 0.64038 0.26086 0.26143 0.25887
638.35 364.85 538 517 536.6 626 683 259 636 806 430.75 318.69 490.85 1113 857 693 540.15 720 631.95 568 579.35 591.75 602 675 535.15 433.25 664.5 649.1 543.8 573.5 846 828 639 703.9 519.13 454 432 543.15 −0.00191 617 630.3 616.2
0.29616 0.28775 0.28 0.29781 0.29481 0.20459 0.23658 0.16693 0.3009 0.28571 0.2895 0.2921 0.4359 0.28571 0.29268 0.28571 0.2912 0.2878 0.28674 0.27341 0.30781 0.29241 0.31 0.28571 0.2872 0.2696 0.26268 0.27713 0.2847 0.2741 0.28571 0.29905 0.28571 0.2762 0.27448 0.297 0.2716 0.24856 1.8211E-06 0.27479 0.27365 0.27596
173.55 87.89 180.25 142.61 159.95 213.15 388.85 186.35 242.54 460.65 197.67 223.15 289.95 700.15 329.35 288.15 279.01 164.65 237.38 176.99 373.96 234.94 178.18 236.50 267.76 158.45 156.08 243.15 229.33 165.78 172.22 398.40 354.00 247.57 288.45 180.35 173.15 119.36 178.35 273.16 225.30 247.98 286.41
7.982 18.070 11.590 12.610 12.716 14.363 10.082 15.635 9.109 10.261 25.298 12.631 24.241 8.546 4.553 4.713 3.889 13.998 7.638 12.408 5.724 13.430 10.487 11.478 4.182 8.284 13.144 7.728 7.689 6.915 7.093 7.083 6.452 4.945 4.859 12.287 15.664 18.481 8.824 55.497 8.648 8.623 8.161
638.35 364.85 538.00 517.00 536.60 626.00 683.00 259.00 636.00 806.00 430.75 318.69 490.85 1113.00 857.00 313.19 693.00 540.15 720.00 631.95 568.00 579.35 591.75 602.00 675.00 535.15 433.25 664.50 649.10 543.80 573.50 846.00 828.00 639.00 703.90 519.13 454.00 432.00 543.15 353.15 617.00 630.30 616.20
2.2738 5.3638 3.5012 3.9370 3.9369 4.1841 3.2786 4.9507 2.8417 3.1563 8.1495 5.0304 7.8730 2.3583 1.3728 4.6256 1.1350 4.4662 2.4383 4.0160 2.1686 4.5662 3.2400 3.5572 1.2300 2.5688 3.9388 2.4187 2.3268 2.1536 2.1963 2.0870 1.7484 1.4750 1.3986 3.6988 4.8781 5.5837 2.4511 54.0012 2.6413 2.6761 2.6172
Except for o-terphenyl and water, liquid density ρ is calculated by C4]
= C1/C2[1 + (1−T/C3)
where ρ is in mol/dm and T is in K. The pressure is equal to the vapor pressure for pressures greater than 1 atm and equal to 1 atm when the vapor pressure is less than 1 atm. Equation (2), used for the limited temperature ranges as noted for o-terphenyl and water, is 3
= C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 For water over the entire temperature range of 273.16 to 647.096 K, use = 17.863 + 58.606τ0.35 − 95.396τ2/3 + 213.89τ − 141.26τ4/3 where τ = 1 − T/647.096.
2-103
All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-104
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM UNITS AND UNITS CONVERSIONS Most densities are given in grams per cubic centimeter. To convert to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43. °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32. Compositions are weight percent unless otherwise stated. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES For more detailed data on densities see International Critical Tables: tabular index, vol. 3, p. 1; abrasives, vol. 2, p. 87; air, moist, vol. 1, p. 71; building stones, vol. 2, p. 52; clays, vol. 2, p. 56; coals, vol. 2, p. 135; compounds, vol. 1, pp. 106, 176, 313, 341; elements, vol. 1, pp. 102, 340; fibers, vol. 2, p. 237; gases and vapors, vol. 3, pp. 3, 345; glass, vol. 2, p. 93; liquids and vitreous solids, vol. 3, p. 22; vol. 1, pp. 102, 340; vol. 2, TABLE 2-33
pp. 456, 463; vol. 3, pp. 20, 35; liquid coolants and saturated vapors are available from WADC-TR-59-598, 1959; plastics are collected in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; solid helium, neon, argon, fluorine, and methane data are given by Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960; temperatures of maximum solubility, vol. 3, p. 107; metals, vol. 2, p. 463; oils, fats, and waxes, vol. 2, p. 201; orthobaric, vol. 3, pp. 202, 228, 237, 244; petroleums, vol. 2, pp. 137, 144; plastics, vol. 2, p. 296; porcelains, vol. 2, pp. 68, 75; refrigerating brines, vol. 2, p. 327; rubber, vol. 2, pp. 255, 259; soaps, vol. 5, p. 447; metallic solid solutions, vol. 2, p. 358; solids, vol. 3, pp. 43, 45; vol. 2, p. 456; vol. 3, p. 21; solutions and mixtures, vol. 3, pp. 17, 51, 95, 104, 107, 111, 125, 130; woods, vol. 2, p. 1. Also see the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., 86th ed., etc.
Aluminum Sulfate [Al2(SO4)3]*
%
d15 4
%
d 15 4
1 2 4 8 12
1.0093 1.0195 1.0404 1.0837 1.1293
16 20 24 26
1.1770 1.2272 1.2803 1.3079
TABLE 2-38 Ammonium Chromate [(NH4)2CrO4]*
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 70. TABLE 2-34 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
20 °C 25 °C %
d15 4
0.9943 0.9954 0.9959 0.9958 0.9955 0.9939 0.993 32 0.889 .9906 .9915 .9919 .9917 .9913 .9895 .988 36 .877 .9834 .9840 .9842 .9837 .9832 .9811 .980 40 .865 0.970 .9701 .9701 .9695 .9686 .9677 .9651 .964 45 .849 .958 .9576 .9571 .9561 .9548 .9534 .9501 .948 50 .832 .947 .9461 .9450 .9435 .9420 .9402 .9362 .934 60 .796 .9353 .9335 .9316 .9296 .9275 .9229 70 .755 .9249 .9226 .9202 .9179 .9155 .9101 80 .711 .9150 .9122 .9094 .9067 .9040 .8980 90 .665 .9101 .9070 .9040 .9012 .8983 .8920 100 .618 *International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 59.
TABLE 2-35 Ammonium Acetate* (CH3COONH4)
TABLE 2-36 Ammonium Bichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7]*
d 4t
3.80 10.52 19.75 28.04
20 13 13.7 19.6
1.0219 1.0627 1.1189 1.1707
TABLE 2-39
Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
25 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
1.0043 1.0088 1.0178 1.0358 1.0539 1.0721 1.0905 1.1090 1.1277 1.1371 1.1862 1.2380
1.0039 1.0082 1.0168 1.0340 1.0515 1.0691 1.0870 1.1051 1.1234 1.1327 1.1810 1.2320
1.0011 1.0051 1.0132 1.0297 1.0464 1.0633 1.0806 1.0982 1.1161 1.1252 1.1727 1.2229
0.9961 1.0000 1.0079 1.0238 1.0400 1.0565 1.0734 1.0907 1.1082 1.1171 1.1640 1.2136
0.9870 .9908 .9985 1.0142 1.0301 1.0462 1.0627 1.0796 1.0968 1.1055 1.1515 1.2006
0.9755 .9793 .9869 1.0024 1.0181 1.0342 1.0506 1.0673 1.0844 1.0931 1.1385 1.1868
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 59.
%
d425
%
d412
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40 45
0.9992 1.0013 1.0055 1.0136 1.0216 1.0294 1.0368 1.0439 1.0507 1.0540 1.0618 1.0691 1.0760
1 2 4 8 12 16 20
1.0051 1.0108 1.0223 1.0463 1.0715 1.0981 1.1263
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 70.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 62. For data at 16 °C for 3(1)52 percent see Atack, Handbook of Chemical Data, p. 33, Reinhold, New York, 1957. TABLE 2-37
°C
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 70.
Ammonia (NH3)*
% −15 °C −10 °C −5 °C
%
TABLE 2-40
Ammonium Sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 35 40 50
1.0061 1.0124 1.0248 1.0495 1.0740 1.0980 1.1215 1.1448 1.1677 1.2072 1.2350 1.2899
1.0041 1.0101 1.0220 1.0456 1.0691 1.0924 1.1154 1.1383 1.1609 1.2800 1.2277 1.2825
0.9980 1.0039 1.0155 1.0387 1.0619 1.0849 1.1077 1.1304 1.1529 1.1919 1.2196 1.2745
0.9777 .9836 .9953 1.0187 1.0421 1.0653 1.0883 1.1111 1.1338 1.1731 1.2011 1.2568
0.9644 .9705 .9826 1.0066 1.0303 1.0539 1.0772 1.1003 1.1232 1.1629 1.1910 1.2466
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 60.
Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
50 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24
1.0033 1.0067 1.0135 1.0266 1.0391 1.0510 1.0625 1.0736
1.0029 1.0062 1.0126 1.0251 1.0370 1.0485 1.0596 1.0705
1.0013 1.0045 1.0107 1.0227 1.0344 1.0457 1.0567 1.0674
0.9987 1.0018 1.0077 1.0195 1.0310 1.0422 1.0532 1.0641
0.9910 .9940 .9999 1.0116 1.0231 1.0343 1.0454 1.0564
0.9749 .9780 .9842 .9963 1.0081 1.0198 1.0312 1.0426
0.9617 .9651 .9718 .9849 .9975 1.0096 1.0213 1.0327
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 60.
TABLE 2-41
Arsenic Acid (H3AsO4)*
%
d 15 4
%
d 15 4
1 2 6 10 16
1.0057 1.0124 1.0398 1.0681 1.1128
20 30 40 50 60 70
1.1447 1.2331 1.3370 1.4602 1.6070 1.7811
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 61.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM TABLE 2-42
Barium Chloride (BaCl2)*
TABLE 2-48
2-105
Chromic Acid (CrO3)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
%
d15 4
%
d 15 4
2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26
1.0181 1.0368 1.0760 1.1178 1.1627 1.2105
1.0159 1.0341 1.0721 1.1128 1.1564 1.2031 1.2531 1.2793
1.0096 1.0275 1.0648 1.1047 1.1478 1.1938 1.2430 1.2688
1.0004 1.0181 1.0551 1.0948 1.1373 1.1828 1.2316 1.2571
0.9890 1.0066 1.0434 1.0827 1.1249 1.1702 1.2186 1.2440
0.9755 .9931 1.0299 1.0692 1.1113 1.1563 1.2045 1.2298
1 2 6 10 16
1.006 1.014 1.045 1.076 1.127
20 26 30 40 50 60
1.163 1.220 1.260 1.371 1.505 1.663
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 75. TABLE 2-43
Cadmium Nitrate [Cd(NO3)2]*
TABLE 2-49
%
d 18 4
%
d 18 4
2 4 8 12 16
1.0154 1.0326 1.0683 1.1061 1.1468
20 25 30 40 50
1.1904 1.2488 1.3124 1.4590 1.6356
d 18 4
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 66.
TABLE 2-44 % −5 °C 2 4 8 12 16 20 25 30 35 40
1.0708 1.1083 1.1471 1.1874
%
Violet
Green
Equilibrium mixture of violet and green
1 2 4 8 12 14
1.0076 1.0166 1.0349 1.0724 1.1114 1.1316
1.0071 1.0157 1.0332 1.0691 1.1065
1.0075 1.0165 1.0347 1.0722 1.1111
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)*
0 °C
Chromium Chloride (CrCl3)*
20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 60 °C 80 °C 100 °C 120 °C† 140°C
1.0171 1.0346 1.0703 1.1072 1.1454 1.1853 1.2376 1.2922
1.0148 1.0316 1.0659 1.1015 1.1386 1.1775 1.2284 1.2816 1.3373 1.3957
1.0120 1.0286 1.0626 1.0978 1.1345 1.1730 1.2236 1.2764 1.3316 1.3895
1.0084 1.0249 1.0586 1.0937 1.1301 1.1684 1.2186 1.2709 1.3255 1.3826
0.9994 1.0158 1.0492 1.0840 1.1202 1.1581 1.2079 1.2597 1.3137 1.3700
0.9881 1.0046 1.0382 1.0730 1.1092 1.1471 1.1965 1.2478 1.3013 1.3571
0.9748 0.9915 1.0257 1.0610 1.0973 1.1352 1.1846 1.2359 1.2893 1.3450
0.9596 0.9765 1.0111 1.0466 1.0835 1.1219
0.9428 0.9601 0.9954 1.0317 1.0691 1.1080
TABLE 2-50
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 72–73. †Corrected to atmospheric pressure. TABLE 2-45 Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]*
Copper Nitrate [Cu(NO3)2]*
%
d 20 4
%
d 20 4
1 2 4 8
1.007 1.015 1.032 1.069
12 16 20 25
1.107 1.147 1.189 1.248
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 67.
TABLE 2-46 Calcium Hypochlorite* (CaOCl2)
TABLE 2-51 (CuSO4)*
Copper Sulfate
TABLE 2-52 Cuprous Chloride (CuCl2)*
%
d15 4
d 425
% total salt
d 15 4
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
0.05 .10 .15
0.99979 1.00044 1.00110
0.99773 .99838 .99904
2 4 6 8 10 12
1.0169 1.0345 1.0520 1.0697 1.0876 1.1060
1 4 8 12 16 18
1.0104 1.0429 1.0887 1.1379
1.0086 1.0401 1.084 1.1308 1.180 1.206
1.0024 1.0332 1.0764 1.1222
1 4 8 12 16 20
1.0095 1.0387 1.0788 1.1208 1.1653 1.2121
1.0072 1.036 1.0754 1.1165 1.1595 1.2052
1.002 1.0305 1.0682 1.107 1.151 1.1953
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 72.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 73. CaOCl2 = 89.15% CaCl2 = 7.31% Ca(ClO3)2 = 0.26% Ca(OH)2 = 2.92% TABLE 2-47
Calcium Nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]*
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 67.
TABLE 2-53
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 66.
Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)*
%
6 °C
18 °C
25 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
2* 4 8 12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 68†
1.0157 1.0316 1.0641 1.0979 1.1330 1.1694 1.2168
1.0137 1.0291 1.0608 1.0937 1.1279 1.1636 1.2106 1.260 1.311 1.365 1.422 1.747
1.0120 1.0272 1.0585 1.0911 1.1250 1.1602 1.2065
1.0105 1.0256 1.0565 1.0887 1.1224 1.1575 1.2032
1.741
1.736
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
1.0086 1.0174 1.0347 1.0703 1.1088 1.1475 1.1870 1.2400 1.2970 1.3605 1.4280
1.0084 1.0168 1.0341 1.0692 1.1071 1.1449 1.1847 1.2380 1.2950 1.3580 1.4235 1.4920 1.5610
1.0068 1.0152 1.0324 1.0669 1.1040 1.1418 1.1820 1.2340 1.2910 1.3530 1.4175 1.4850 1.5510
1.0040 1.0122 1.0292 1.0636 1.1006 1.1386 1.1786 1.2290 1.2850 1.3475 1.4115
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 73–74. †Supercooled tetrahydrate (m.p. 41.4°C).
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
2-106
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-54 Ferric Sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3]* 17.5
% 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 30 40 50 60
TABLE 2-55 [Fe(NO3)3]*
d4
1.0072 1.0157 1.0327 1.0670 1.1028 1.1409 1.1811 1.3073 1.4487 1.6127 1.7983
Ferric Nitrate 18
d4
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 25
1.0065 1.0144 1.0304 1.0636 1.0989 1.1359 1.1748 1.2281
5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 100
1.020 1.040 1.080 1.119 1.159 1.198 1.235 1.258 1.259 1.178 1.089 1.0005
1.017 1.035 1.070 1.101 1.130 1.155
1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
1.0022 1.0058 1.0131 1.0204 1.0277 1.0351 1.0425 1.0499 1.0574 1.0649 1.0725 1.0802 1.0880
26 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100
1.0959 1.1040 1.1122 1.1327 1.1536 1.1749 1.1966 1.2188 1.2416 1.2897 1.3406 1.3931 1.4465
TABLE 2-57 Hydrogen Bromide (HBr)*
TABLE 2-62
18 °C
20 °C
%
d4
d4
d4
%
1.0090 1.0380 1.0790 1.1235 1.1690 1.2150
1.00068 1.00275 1.00645 1.0085 1.0375 1.0785 1.1220 1.1675 1.2135
1.0002 1.0022 1.0062 1.0082
1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 65.0
1.0073 1.0146 1.0295 1.0448 1.0604 1.0764 1.0928 1.1097 1.1272 1.1453 1.1640 1.1832 1.2030 1.2235 1.2446 1.2663 1.3877 1.5305 1.6950 1.7854
1.0068 1.0139 1.0285 1.0435 1.0589 1.0747 1.0910 1.1078 1.1251 1.1430 1.1615 1.1806 1.2003 1.2206 1.2415 1.2630 1.3838 1.5257 1.6892 1.7792
1.0041 1.0111 1.0255 1.0402 1.0552 1.0707 1.0867 1.1032 1.1202 1.1377 1.1557 1.1743 1.1935 1.2134 1.2340 1.2552 1.3736 1.5127 1.6731 1.7613
1 2 4 8 12
TABLE 2-58 Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)* 15
d4
1 2 4 8 12 16 82 90 100
0.998 0.996 0.993 0.984 0.971 0.956 0.752 0.724 0.691
4
10
25
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 55.
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
%
−5 °C
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
1.0048 1.0104 1.0213 1.0321 1.0428 1.0536 1.0645 1.0754 1.0864 1.0975 1.1087 1.1200 1.1314 1.1426 1.1537 1.1648
1.0052 1.0106 1.0213 1.0319 1.0423 1.0528 1.0634 1.0741 1.0849 1.0958 1.1067 1.1177 1.1287 1.1396 1.1505 1.1613
1.0048 1.0100 1.0202 1.0303 1.0403 1.0504 1.0607 1.0711 1.0815 1.0920 1.1025 1.1131 1.1238 1.1344 1.1449 1.1553
1.0032 1.0082 1.0181 1.0279 1.0376 1.0474 1.0574 1.0675 1.0776 1.0878 1.0980 1.1083 1.1187 1.1290 1.1392 1.1493 1.1593 1.1691 1.1789 1.1885 1.1980
0.9970 1.0019 1.0116 1.0211 1.0305 1.0400 1.0497 1.0594 1.0692 1.0790 1.0888 1.0986 1.1085 1.1183 1.1280 1.1376
0.9881 0.9930 1.0026 1.0121 1.0215 1.0310 1.0406 1.0502 1.0598 1.0694 1.0790 1.0886 1.0982 1.1076 1.1169 1.1260
0.9768 0.9819 0.9919 1.0016 1.0111 1.0206 1.0302 1.0398 1.0494 1.0590 1.0685 1.0780 1.0874 1.0967 1.1058 1.1149
0.9636 0.9688 0.9791 0.9892 0.9992 1.0090 1.0188 1.0286 1.0383 1.0479 1.0574 1.0668 1.0761 1.0853 1.0942 1.1030
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
Hydrofluosilic Acid (H2SiF6)* 17.5
d4
17.5
%
1.0080 1.0161 1.0324 1.0661 1.1011
d4
16 20 25 30 34
1.1373 1.1748 1.2235 1.2742 1.3162
*O. Söhnel and P. Novotny, Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Substances, Elsevier, 1985.
TABLE 2-63
Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
2 4 8 12 16 20 25 30
1.0168 1.0338 1.0683 1.1035 1.1395 1.1764 1.2246 1.2754
1.0146 1.0311 1.0646 1.0989 1.1342 1.1706 1.2184 1.2688
1.0084 1.0248 1.0580 1.0921 1.1272 1.1635 1.2111 1.2614
0.9995 1.0159 1.0493 1.0836 1.1188 1.1552 1.2031 1.2535
0.9883 1.0050 1.0388 1.0735 1.1092 1.1460 1.1942 1.2451
0.9753 0.9923 1.0269 1.0622 1.0984 1.1359 1.1847 1.2360
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 71.
TABLE 2-64
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 61. TABLE 2-59
18
d4
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
18
%
15 °C
%
20
d4
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
TABLE 2-56 Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4)* 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0
0
TABLE 2-61 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)*
%
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 68.
%
TABLE 2-60 Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)*
Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
2 4 8 12 16 20 26
1.0210 1.0423 1.0858 1.1309 1.1777 1.2264 1.3032
1.0186 1.0392 1.0816 1.1256 1.1717 1.2198 1.2961
1.0158 1.0362 1.0782 1.1220 1.1679 1.2159 1.2922
1.0123 1.0326 1.0743 1.1179 1.1637 1.2117 1.2879
1.0081 1.0283 1.0700 1.1135 1.1592 1.2072 1.2836
1.0032 1.0234 1.0650 1.1083
0.9916 1.0118 1.0534 1.0968
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 72. TABLE 2-65 Nickel Chloride (NiCl2)* 18
TABLE 2-66 Nickel Nitrate [Ni(NO3)2]* 20
TABLE 2-67 Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4 )* 18
%
d4
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 30
1.0082 1.0179 1.0375 1.0785 1.1217 1.1674 1.2163 1.353
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 30 35
1.0065 1.0150 1.0325 1.0688 1.1070 1.1480 1.191 1.311 1.377
1 2 4 8 12 16 18
1.0091 1.0198 1.0415 1.0852 1.1325 1.1825 1.2090
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 69.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM TABLE 2-68
2-107
Nitric Acid (HNO3)*
0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1 2 3 4
1.0058 1.0117 1.0176 1.0236
1.00572 1.01149 1.01730 1.02315
1.00534 1.01099 1.01668 1.02240
1.00464 1.01018 1.01576 1.02137
1.00364 1.00909 1.01457 1.02008
1.00241 1.00778 1.01318 1.01861
1.0009 1.0061 1.0114 1.0168
0.9973 1.0025 1.0077 1.0129
0.9931 0.9982 1.0033 1.0084
0.9882 0.9932 0.9982 1.0033
0.9767 0.9816 0.9865 0.9915
0.9632 0.9681 0.9730 0.9779
5 6 7 8 9
1.0296 1.0357 1.0418 1.0480 1.0543
1.02904 1.03497 1.0410 1.0471 1.0532
1.02816 1.03397 1.0399 1.0458 1.0518
1.02702 1.03272 1.0385 1.0443 1.0502
1.02563 1.03122 1.0369 1.0427 1.0485
1.02408 1.02958 1.0352 1.0409 1.0466
1.0222 1.0277 1.0333 1.0389 1.0446
1.0182 1.0235 1.0289 1.0344 1.0399
1.0136 1.0188 1.0241 1.0295 1.0349
1.0084 1.0136 1.0188 1.0241 1.0294
0.9965 1.0015 1.0066 1.0117 1.0169
0.9829 0.9879 0.9929 0.9980 1.0032
10 11 12 13 14
1.0606 1.0669 1.0733 1.0797 1.0862
1.0594 1.0656 1.0718 1.0781 1.0845
1.0578 1.0639 1.0700 1.0762 1.0824
1.0561 1.0621 1.0681 1.0742 1.0803
1.0543 1.0602 1.0661 1.0721 1.0781
1.0523 1.0581 1.0640 1.0699 1.0758
1.0503 1.0560 1.0618 1.0676 1.0735
1.0455 1.0511 1.0567 1.0624 1.0681
1.0403 1.0458 1.0513 1.0568 1.0624
1.0347 1.0401 1.0455 1.0509 1.0564
1.0221 1.0273 1.0326 1.0379 1.0432
1.0083 1.0134 1.0186 1.0238 1.0289
15 16 17 18 19
1.0927 1.0992 1.1057 1.1123 1.1189
1.0909 1.0973 1.1038 1.1103 1.1168
1.0887 1.0950 1.1014 1.1078 1.1142
1.0865 1.0927 1.0989 1.1052 1.1115
1.0842 1.0903 1.0964 1.1026 1.1088
1.0818 1.0879 1.0940 1.1001 1.1062
1.0794 1.0854 1.0914 1.0974 1.1034
1.0739 1.0797 1.0855 1.0913 1.0972
1.0680 1.0737 1.0794 1.0851 1.0908
1.0619 1.0675 1.0731 1.0787 1.0843
1.0485 1.0538 1.0592 1.0646 1.0700
1.0341 1.0393 1.0444 1.0496 1.0547
20 21 22 23 24
1.1255 1.1322 1.1389 1.1457 1.1525
1.1234 1.1300 1.1366 1.1433 1.1501
1.1206 1.1271 1.1336 1.1402 1.1469
1.1178 1.1242 1.1306 1.1371 1.1437
1.1150 1.1213 1.1276 1.1340 1.1404
1.1123 1.1185 1.1247 1.1310 1.1374
1.1094 1.1155 1.1217 1.1280 1.1343
1.1031 1.1090 1.1150 1.1210 1.1271
1.0966 1.1024 1.1083 1.1142 1.1201
1.0899 1.0956 1.1013 1.1070 1.1127
1.0754 1.0808 1.0862 1.0917 1.0972
1.0598 1.0650 1.0701 1.0753 1.0805
25 26 27 28 29
1.1594 1.1663 1.1733 1.1803 1.1874
1.1569 1.1638 1.1707 1.1777 1.1847
1.1536 1.1603 1.1670 1.1738 1.1807
1.1503 1.1569 1.1635 1.1702 1.1770
1.1469 1.1534 1.1600 1.1666 1.1733
1.1438 1.1502 1.1566 1.1631 1.1697
1.1406 1.1469 1.1533 1.1597 1.1662
1.1332 1.1394 1.1456 1.1519 1.1582
1.1260 1.1320 1.1381 1.1442 1.1503
1.1185 1.1244 1.1303 1.1362 1.1422
1.1027 1.1083 1.1139 1.1195 1.1251
1.0857 1.0910 1.0963 1.1016 1.1069
30 31 32 33 34
1.1945 1.2016 1.2088 1.2160 1.2233
1.1917 1.1988 1.2059 1.2131 1.2203
1.1876 1.1945 1.2014 1.2084 1.2155
1.1838 1.1906 1.1974 1.2043 1.2113
1.1800 1.1867 1.1934 1.2002 1.2071
1.1763 1.1829 1.1896 1.1963 1.2030
1.1727 1.1792 1.1857 1.1922 1.1988
1.1645 1.1708 1.1772 1.1836 1.1901
1.1564 1.1625 1.1687 1.1749 1.1812
1.1482 1.1542 1.1602 1.1662 1.1723
1.1307 1.1363 1.1419 1.1476 1.1533
1.1122 1.1175 1.1228 1.1281 1.1335
35 36 37 38 39
1.2306 1.2375 1.2444 1.2513 1.2581
1.2275 1.2344 1.2412 1.2479 1.2546
1.2227 1.2294 1.2361 1.2428 1.2494
1.2183 1.2249 1.2315 1.2381 1.2446
1.2140 1.2205 1.2270 1.2335 1.2399
1.2098 1.2163 1.2227 1.2291 1.2354
1.2055 1.2119 1.2182 1.2245 1.2308
1.1966 1.2028 1.2089 1.2150 1.2210
1.1876 1.1936 1.1995 1.2054 1.2112
1.1784 1.1842 1.1899 1.1956 1.2013
1.1591 1.1645 1.1699 1.1752 1.1805
1.1390 1.1440 1.1490 1.1540 1.1589
40 41 42 43 44
1.2649 1.2717 1.2786 1.2854 1.2922
1.2613 1.2680 1.2747 1.2814 1.2880
1.2560 1.2626 1.2692 1.2758 1.2824
1.2511 1.2576 1.2641 1.2706 1.2771
1.2463 1.2527 1.2591 1.2655 1.2719
1.2417 1.2480 1.2543 1.2606 1.2669
1.2370 1.2432 1.2494 1.2556 1.2618
1.2270 1.2330 1.2390 1.2450 1.2510
1.2170 1.2229 1.2287 1.2345 1.2403
1.2069 1.2126 1.2182 1.2238 1.2294
1.1858 1.1911 1.1963 1.2015 1.2067
1.1638 1.1687 1.1735 1.1783 1.1831
45 46 47 48 49
1.2990 1.3058 1.3126 1.3194 1.3263
1.2947 1.3014 1.3080 1.3147 1.3214
1.2890 1.2955 1.3021 1.3087 1.3153
1.2836 1.2901 1.2966 1.3031 1.3096
1.2783 1.2847 1.2911 1.2975 1.3040
1.2732 1.2795 1.2858 1.2921 1.2984
1.2680 1.2742 1.2804 1.2867 1.2929
1.2570 1.2630 1.2690 1.2750 1.2811
1.2461 1.2519 1.2577 1.2635 1.2693
1.2350 1.2406 1.2462 1.2518 1.2575
1.2119 1.2171 1.2223 1.2275 1.2328
1.1879 1.1927 1.1976 1.2024 1.2073
50 51 52 53 54
1.3327 1.3391 1.3454 1.3517 1.3579
1.3277 1.3339 1.3401 1.3462 1.3523
1.3215 1.3277 1.3338 1.3399 1.3459
1.3157 1.3218 1.3278 1.3338 1.3397
1.3100 1.3160 1.3219 1.3278 1.3336
1.3043 1.3102 1.3160 1.3218 1.3275
1.2987 1.3045 1.3102 1.3159 1.3215
1.2867 1.2923 1.2978 1.3033 1.3087
1.2748 1.2802 1.2856 1.2909 1.2961
1.2628 1.2680 1.2731 1.2782 1.2833
1.2377 1.2425 1.2473 1.2521 1.2568
1.2118 1.2163 1.2208 1.2252 1.2296
55 56 57 58 59
1.3640 1.3700 1.3759 1.3818 1.3875
1.3583 1.3642 1.3700 1.3757 1.3813
1.3518 1.3576 1.3634 1.3691 1.3747
1.3455 1.3512 1.3569 1.3625 1.3680
1.3393 1.3449 1.3505 1.3560 1.3614
1.3331 1.3386 1.3441 1.3495 1.3548
1.3270 1.3324 1.3377 1.3430 1.3482
1.3141 1.3194 1.3246 1.3298 1.3348
1.3013 1.3064 1.3114 1.3164 1.3213
1.2883 1.2932 1.2981 1.3029 1.3077
1.2615 1.2661 1.2706 1.2751 1.2795
1.2339 1.2382 1.2424 1.2466 1.2507
60 61 62 63 64
1.3931 1.3986 1.4039 1.4091
1.3868 1.3922 1.3975 1.4027 1.4078
1.3801 1.3855 1.3907 1.3958 1.4007
1.3734 1.3787 1.3838 1.3888 1.3936
1.3667 1.3719 1.3769 1.3818 1.3866
1.3600 1.3651 1.3700 1.3748 1.3795
1.3533 1.3583 1.3632 1.3679 1.3725
1.3398 1.3447 1.3494 1.3540
1.3261 1.3308 1.3354 1.3398
1.3124 1.3169 1.3213 1.3255
1.2839 1.2881 1.2922 1.2962
1.2547 1.2587 1.2625 1.2661
%
2-108
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Nitric Acid (HNO3) (Concluded)
TABLE 2-68 0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
65 66 67 68 69
1.4128 1.4177 1.4224 1.4271 1.4317
1.4055 1.4103 1.4150 1.4196 1.4241
1.3984 1.4031 1.4077 1.4122 1.4166
1.3913 1.3959 1.4004 1.4048 1.4091
1.3841 1.3887 1.3932 1.3976 1.4019
1.3770 1.3814 1.3857 1.3900 1.3942
70 71 72 73 74
1.4362 1.4406 1.4449 1.4491 1.4532
1.4285 1.4328 1.4371 1.4413 1.4454
1.4210 1.4252 1.4294 1.4335 1.4376
1.4134 1.4176 1.4218 1.4258 1.4298
1.4061 1.4102 1.4142 1.4182 1.4221
1.3983 1.4023 1.4063 1.4103 1.4142
75 76 77 78 79
1.4573 1.4613 1.4652 1.4690 1.4727
1.4494 1.4533 1.4572 1.4610 1.4647
1.4415 1.4454 1.4492 1.4529 1.4565
1.4337 1.4375 1.4413 1.4450 1.4486
1.4259 1.4296 1.4333 1.4369 1.4404
1.4180 1.4217 1.4253 1.4288 1.4323
80 81 82 83 84
1.4764 1.4800 1.4835 1.4869 1.4903
1.4683 1.4718 1.4753 1.4787 1.4820
1.4601 1.4636 1.4670 1.4704 1.4737
1.4521 1.4555 1.4589 1.4622 1.4655
1.4439 1.4473 1.4507 1.4540 1.4572
1.4357 1.4391 1.4424 1.4456 1.4487
85 86 87 88 89
1.4936 1.4968 1.4999 1.5029 1.5058
1.4852 1.4883 1.4913 1.4942 1.4970
1.4769 1.4799 1.4829 1.4858 1.4885
1.4686 1.4716 1.4745 1.4773 1.4800
1.4603 1.4633 1.4662 1.4690 1.4716
1.4518 1.4548 1.4577 1.4605 1.4631
90 91 92 93 94
1.5085 1.5111 1.5136 1.5156 1.5177
1.4997 1.5023 1.5048 1.5068 1.5088
1.4911 1.4936 1.4960 1.4979 1.4999
1.4826 1.4850 1.4873 1.4892 1.4912
1.4741 1.4766 1.4789 1.4807 1.4826
1.4656 1.4681 1.4704 1.4722 1.4741
95 96 97 98 99 100
1.5198 1.5220 1.5244 1.5278 1.5327 1.5402
1.5109 1.5130 1.5152 1.5187 1.5235 1.5310
1.5019 1.5040 1.5062 1.5096 1.5144 1.5217
1.4932 1.4952 1.4974 1.5008 1.5056 1.5129
1.4846 1.4867 1.4889 1.4922 1.4969 1.5040
1.4761 1.4781 1.4802 1.4835 1.4881 1.4952
%
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
6%
8%
10%
1.0396
1.0534
1.0674
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 58–59.
TABLE 2-69 15
%
d4
1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
1.0050 1.0109 1.0228 1.0348 1.0471 1.0597 1.0726 1.0589 1.0995 1.1135 1.1279 1.1428 1.1581 1.1738
Perchloric Acid (HClO4)* 20
d4
25
50
TABLE 2-71 15
20
50
Potassium Bicarbonate (KHCO3)*
d4
d4
%
d4
d4
d4
°C
1%
2%
4%
1.0020 1.0070 1.0169 1.0270 1.0372 1.0475
0.9933 0.9986 0.9906 1.0205 1.0320 1.0440 1.0560 1.0680 1.0810 1.0940 1.1070 1.1205 1.1345 1.1490
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
1.1900 1.2067 1.2239 1.2418 1.2603 1.2794 1.2991 1.3521 1.4103 1.4733 1.5389 1.6059 1.6736
1.1851 1.2013 1.2183 1.2359 1.2542 1.2732 1.2927 1.3450 1.4018 1.4636 1.5298 1.5986 1.6680
1.1645 1.1800 1.1960 1.2130 1.2310 1.2490 1.2680 1.3180 1.3730 1.4320 1.4950 1.5620 1.6290
0 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
1.0066 1.0064 1.0058 1.0049 1.0024 0.9990 0.9949 0.9901 0.9786 0.9653
1.0134 1.0132 1.0125 1.0117 1.0092 1.0058 1.0017 0.9969 0.9855 0.9722
1.0270 1.0268 1.0260 1.0252 1.0228 1.0195 1.0154 1.0106 0.9993 0.9860
1.1697
TABLE 2-72 Potassium Bromide (KBr)*
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 54.
TABLE 2-70
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)*
°C
2%
6%
14%
0 10 20 30 40
1.0113 1.0109 1.0092 1.0065 1.0029
1.0339 1.0330 1.0309 1.0279 1.0241
1.0811 1.0792 1.0764 1.0728 1.0685
20%
26%
35%
50%
75%
1.1192 1.1167 1.1567 1.221 1.341 1.1134 1.1529 1.216 1.335 1.579 1.1094 1.1484 1.211 1.329 1.572 1.1048
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 61.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 90.
100%
1.870 1.862
%
d 20 4
1 2 6 12 20 30 40
1.0054 1.0127 1.0426 1.0903 1.1601 1.2593 1.3746
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 87.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM TABLE 2-73
Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3)*
TABLE 2-79
2-109
Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40 45 50
1.0094 1.0189 1.0381 1.0768 1.1160 1.1562 1.1977 1.2405 1.2846 1.3071 1.3646 1.4244 1.4867 1.5517
1.0089 1.0182 1.0369 1.0746 1.1131 1.1530 1.1941 1.2366 1.2804 1.3028 1.3600 1.4195 1.4815 1.5462
1.0072 1.0163 1.0345 1.0715 1.1096 1.1490 1.1898 1.2320 1.2756 1.2979 1.3548 1.4141 1.4759 1.5404
1.0010 1.0098 1.0276 1.0640 1.1013 1.1399 1.1801 1.2219 1.2652 1.2873 1.3440 1.4029 1.4644 1.5285
0.9919 1.0005 1.0180 1.0538 1.0906 1.1290 1.1690 1.2106 1.2538 1.2759 1.3324 1.3913 1.4528 1.5169
0.9803 0.9889 1.0063 1.0418 1.0786 1.1170 1.1570 1.1986 1.2418 1.2640 1.3206 1.3795 1.4408 1.5048
0.9670 0.9756 0.9951 1.0291 1.0663 1.1049 1.1451 1.1869 1.2301 1.2522 1.3089 1.3678 1.4290 1.4928
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24
1.00654 1.01326 1.02677 1.05419 1.08221
1.00615 1.01262 1.02566 1.05226 1.07963
1.00447 1.01075 1.02344 1.04940 1.07620 1.10392 1.13261 1.16233
0.99825 1.00430 1.01652 1.04152 1.06740 1.09432 1.12240 1.15175
0.9890 0.9949 1.0068 1.0313 1.0567 1.0831 1.1106 1.1391
0.9776 0.9834 0.9951 1.0192 1.0442 1.0703 1.0974 1.1256
0.9641 0.9699 0.9816 1.0056 1.0304 1.0562 1.0831 1.1110
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 90. TABLE 2-74 Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4)* 15
TABLE 2-75 (KClO3)*
18
Potassium Chlorate
%
d4
d4
°C
1%
2%
3%
4%
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30
1.0073 1.0155 1.0321 1.0659 1.1009
1.0066 1.0147 1.0311 1.0647 1.0999 1.1366 1.1748 1.2147 1.2566 1.2784
0 10 20 30 40 60 80 100
1.0061 1.0059 1.0045 1.0020 0.9986 0.9895 0.9781 0.9646
1.0124 1.0122 1.0109 1.0085 1.0051 0.9959 0.9845 0.9709
1.0189 1.0187 1.0174 1.0151 1.0116 1.0024 0.9910 0.9774
1.0256 1.0254 1.0241 1.0218 1.0183 1.0091 0.9977 0.9840
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 86.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 92. TABLE 2-76
Potassium Chloride (KCl)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
25 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.0
1.00661 1.01335 1.02690 1.05431 1.08222 1.11068 1.13973
1.00462 1.01103 1.02391 1.05003 1.07679 1.10434 1.13280 1.16226
1.00342 1.00977 1.02255 1.04847 1.07506 1.10245 1.13072 1.15995
0.99847 1.00471 1.01727 1.04278 1.06897 1.09600 1.12399 1.15299 1.18304
0.9894 0.9956 1.0080 1.0333 1.0592 1.0861 1.1138 1.1425 1.1723
0.9780 0.9842 0.9966 1.0219 1.0478 1.0746 1.1024 1.1311 1.1609
0.9646 0.9708 0.9634 1.0888 1.0350 1.0619 1.0897 1.1185 1.1483
%
110 °C
120 °C
130 °C
140°C
3.79 7.45 13.62
0.9733 0.9978 1.0388
0.9663 0.9899 1.0313
0.9583 0.9827 1.0238
0.9502 0.9745 1.0159
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 87. TABLE 2-77 Potassium Chrome Alum [K2Cr2(SO4)4]*
TABLE 2-80 Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)* 20
d 15 4
%
d 15 4
1 2 6 10 14 20 30 40 50
1.007 1.016 1.052 1.089 1.129 1.193 1.315 1.456 1.615
1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 51.7
1.0083 1.0175 1.0359 1.0544 1.0730 1.0918 1.1396 1.1884 1.2387 1.2905 1.3440 1.3991 1.4558 1.5143 1.5355 (sat’d. soln.)
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 86.
TABLE 2-81 (K2SO4)*
Potassium Sulfate 20
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 6 8 10
1.0052 1.0122 1.0264 1.0408 1.0554 1.0703
1 2 4 6 8 10
1.0063 1.0145 1.0310 1.0477 1.0646 1.0817
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 92. TABLE 2-82 Potassium Sulfite (K2SO3)* 15
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 88. TABLE 2-83 Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2)* 20
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26
1.0073 1.0155 1.0322 1.0667 1.1026 1.1402 1.1793 1.2197 1.2404
1 2 4 8 12 18 20 26 28
1.0033 1.0084 1.0186 1.0392 1.0598 1.0807 1.1021 1.1351 1.1462
*International Critical Tables, *International Critical Tables, vol. 3, vol. 3, p. 87. p. 83. TABLE 2-84 Sodium Arsenate (Na3AsO4)* 17
TABLE 2-85 Sodium Bichromate (Na2Cr2O7)* 15
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 8 10 12
1.0097 1.0207 1.0431 1.0892 1.1130 1.1373
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40 45 50
1.006 1.013 1.027 1.056 1.084 1.112 1.140 1.166 1.193 1.207 1.244 1.279 1.312 1.342
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 82.
TABLE 2-78 Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)*
%
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 92.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 89.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 86. TABLE 2-86 Sodium Bromide (NaBr)* 20
TABLE 2-87 Sodium Formate (HCOONa)* 25
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 8 10 12 20 30 40
1.0060 1.0139 1.0298 1.0631 1.0803 1.0981 1.1745 1.2841 1.4138
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40
1.003 1.009 1.022 1.048 1.074 1.100 1.127 1.155 1.184 1.199 1.236 1.274
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 80.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 83.
2-110
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-88
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)*
TABLE 2-92
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1 2 4 8 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 30
1.0109 1.0219 1.0439 1.0878 1.1319 1.1543
1.0103 1.0210 1.0423 1.0850 1.1284 1.1506
1.0086 1.0190 1.0398 1.0816 1.1244 1.1463
1.0058 1.0159 1.0363 1.0775 1.1200 1.1417 1.1636 1.1859 1.2086 1.2552 1.3031 1.3274
1.0022 1.0122 1.0323 1.0732 1.1150 1.1365
0.9929 1.0027 1.0223 1.0625 1.1039 1.1251
0.9814 0.9910 1.0105 1.0503 1.0914 1.1125
0.9683 0.9782 0.9980 1.0380 1.0787 1.0996
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 50
1.0124 1.0244 1.0482 1.0943 1.1399 1.1849 1.2296 1.2741 1.3182 1.3614 1.4030 1.4435 1.4825 1.5210 1.5400
1.01065 1.02198 1.04441 1.08887 1.13327 1.17761 1.22183 1.26582 1.3094 1.3520 1.3933 1.4334 1.4720 1.5102 1.5290
1.0095 1.0207 1.0428 1.0869 1.1309 1.1751 1.2191 1.2629 1.3064 1.3490 1.3900 1.4300 1.4685 1.5065 1.5253
1.0033 1.0139 1.0352 1.0780 1.1210 1.1645 1.2079 1.2512 1.2942 1.3362 1.3768 1.4164 1.4545 1.4922 1.5109
0.9941 1.0045 1.0254 1.0676 1.1101 1.1531 1.1960 1.2388 1.2814 1.3232 1.3634 1.4027 1.4405 1.4781 1.4967
0.9824 0.9929 1.0139 1.0560 1.0983 1.1408 1.1833 1.2259 1.2682 1.3097 1.3498 1.3889 1.4266 1.4641 1.4827
0.9693 0.9797 1.0009 1.0432 1.0855 1.1277 1.1700 1.2124 1.2546 1.2960 1.3360 1.3750 1.4127 1.4503 1.4690
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 82–83. TABLE 2-89
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 79.
Sodium Chlorate (NaClO3)* 18
18
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1.0053 1.0121 1.0258 1.0397 1.0538 1.0681 1.0827 1.0977 1.1131
18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
1.1288 1.1449 1.1614 1.1782 1.1953 1.2128 1.2307 1.2491 1.2680
TABLE 2-93
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 80. TABLE 2-90
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
25 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26
1.00747 1.01509 1.03038 1.06121 1.09244 1.12419 1.15663 1.18999 1.20709
1.00707 1.01442 1.02920 1.05907 1.08946 1.12056 1.15254 1.18557 1.20254
1.00409 1.01112 1.02530 1.05412 1.08365 1.11401 1.14533 1.17776 1.19443
0.99908 1.00593 1.01977 1.04798 1.07699 1.10688 1.13774 1.16971 1.18614
0.9900 0.9967 1.0103 1.0381 1.0667 1.0962 1.1268 1.1584 1.1747
0.9785 0.9852 0.9988 1.0264 1.0549 1.0842 1.1146 1.1463 1.1626
0.9651 0.9719 0.9855 1.0134 1.0420 1.0713 1.1017 1.1331 1.1492
Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40 45
1.0071 1.0144 1.0290 1.0587 1.0891 1.1203 1.1526 1.1860 1.2204 1.2380 1.2834 1.3316
1.0049 1.0117 1.0254 1.0532 1.0819 1.1118 1.1429 1.1752 1.2085 1.2256 1.2701 1.3175 1.3683
0.9986 1.0050 1.0180 1.0447 1.0724 1.1013 1.1314 1.1629 1.1955 1.2122 1.2560 1.3027 1.3528
0.9894 0.9956 1.0082 1.0340 1.0609 1.0892 1.1187 1.1496 1.1816 1.1980 1.2413 1.2875 1.3371
0.9779 0.9840 0.9964 1.0218 1.0481 1.0757 1.1048 1.1351 1.1667 1.1830 1.2258 1.2715 1.3206
0.9644 0.9704 0.9826 1.0078 1.0340 1.0614 1.0901 1.1200 1.1513 1.1674 1.2100 1.2555 1.3044
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 82.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 79. TABLE 2-91 Sodium Chromate (Na2CrO4)*
TABLE 2-94 Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2)*
18
%
d4
%
d4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 26
1.0074 1.0164 1.0344 1.0718 1.1110 1.1518 1.1942 1.2383 1.2611
1 2 4 8 12 16 20
1.0058 1.0125 1.0260 1.0535 1.0816 1.1103 1.1394
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 82.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 86. TABLE 2-95
15
Sodium Silicates* Concentration, % 1
2
4
8
10
14
Na2O/3.9SiO2 Na2O/3.36SiO2 Na2O/2.40SiO2 Na2O/2.44SiO2 Na2O/2.06SiO2 Na2O/1.69SiO2
20
24
30
36
40
45
50
1.445 1.450
1.520
1.594
20
Formula
d4 1.006 1.006 1.007
1.014 1.014 1.016
1.030 1.030 1.034
1.063 1.065 1.071
1.080 1.083 1.090
1.116 1.120 1.130
1.172 1.179
1.211 1.222
1.275 1.290
1.365
1.007 1.007
1.016 1.017
1.035 1.036
1.073 1.077
1.093 1.098
1.134 1.141
1.200 1.210
1.247 1.259
1.309 1.321 1.337
1.387 1.397 1.424
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 85.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM TABLE 2-96
Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24
1.0094 1.0189 1.0381 1.0773 1.1174 1.1585 1.2008 1.2443
1.0073 1.0164 1.0348 1.0724 1.1109 1.1586 1.1915 1.2336
1.0046 1.0135 1.0315 1.0682 1.1062 1.1456 1.1865 1.2292
1.0010 1.0098 1.0276 1.0639 1.1015 1.1406 1.1813 1.2237
0.9919 1.0007 1.0184 1.0544 1.0915 1.1299 1.1696
0.9805 0.9892 1.0068 1.0426 1.0795 1.1176 1.1569
0.9671 0.9758 0.9934 1.0292 1.0661 1.1042
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 81.
TABLE 2-97 Sodium Sulfide (Na2S)*
TABLE 2-98 Sodium Sulfite (Na2SO3)*
TABLE 2-99 Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)*
%
d 18 4
%
d 19 4
%
d 20 4
1 2 4 8 12 16 18
1.0098 1.0211 1.0440 1.0907 1.1388 1.1885 1.2140
1 2 4 8 12 16 18
1.0078 1.0172 1.0363 1.0751 1.1146 1.1549 1.1755
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40
1.0065 1.0148 1.0315 1.0654 1.1003 1.1365 1.1740 1.2128 1.2532 1.2739 1.3273 1.3827
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 81.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 81.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 81. TABLE 2-100 Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate (Na2S2O3⋅5H2O) %
d 19 4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 40 50
1.0052 1.0105 1.0211 1.0423 1.0639 1.0863 1.1087 1.1322 1.1558 1.1676 1.2297 1.2954
TABLE 2-101 Stannic Chloride (SnCl4)*
TABLE 2-102 Stannous Chloride (SnCl2)*
%
d 15 4
%
d 15 4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
1.007 1.015 1.031 1.064 1.099 1.135 1.173 1.212 1.255 1.278 1.337 1.403 1.475 1.555 1.644 1.742 1.851 1.971
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
1.0068 1.0146 1.0306 1.0638 1.0986 1.1353 1.1743 1.2159 1.2603 1.2837 1.3461 1.4145 1.4897 1.5729 1.6656 1.7695 1.8865
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 63.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 63.
2-111
2-112
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-103
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)*
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100°C
1 2 3 4
1.0074 1.0147 1.0219 1.0291
1.0068 1.0138 1.0206 1.0275
1.0060 1.0129 1.0197 1.0264
1.0051 1.0118 1.0184 1.0250
1.0038 1.0104 1.0169 1.0234
1.0022 1.0087 1.0152 1.0216
0.9986 1.0050 1.0113 1.0176
0.9944 1.0006 1.0067 1.0129
0.9895 0.9956 1.0017 1.0078
0.9779 0.9839 0.9900 0.9961
0.9645 0.9705 0.9766 0.9827
5 6 7 8 9
1.0364 1.0437 1.0511 1.0585 1.0660
1.0344 1.0414 1.0485 1.0556 1.0628
1.0332 1.0400 1.0469 1.0539 1.0610
1.0317 1.0385 1.0453 1.0522 1.0591
1.0300 1.0367 1.0434 1.0502 1.0571
1.0281 1.0347 1.0414 1.0481 1.0549
1.0240 1.0305 1.0371 1.0437 1.0503
1.0192 1.0256 1.0321 1.0386 1.0451
1.0140 1.0203 1.0266 1.0330 1.0395
1.0022 1.0084 1.0146 1.0209 1.0273
0.9888 0.9950 1.0013 1.0076 1.0140
10 11 12 13 14
1.0735 1.0810 1.0886 1.0962 1.1039
1.0700 1.0773 1.0846 1.0920 1.0994
1.0681 1.0753 1.0825 1.0898 1.0971
1.0661 1.0731 1.0802 1.0874 1.0947
1.0640 1.0710 1.0780 1.0851 1.0922
1.0617 1.0686 1.0756 1.0826 1.0897
1.0570 1.0637 1.0705 1.0774 1.0844
1.0517 1.0584 1.0651 1.0719 1.0788
1.0460 1.0526 1.0593 1.0661 1.0729
1.0338 1.0403 1.0469 1.0536 1.0603
1.0204 1.0269 1.0335 1.0402 1.0469
15 16 17 18 19
1.1116 1.1194 1.1272 1.1351 1.1430
1.1069 1.1145 1.1221 1.1298 1.1375
1.1045 1.1120 1.1195 1.1271 1.1347
1.1020 1.1094 1.1168 1.1243 1.1318
1.0994 1.1067 1.1141 1.1215 1.1290
1.0968 1.1040 1.1113 1.1187 1.1261
1.0914 1.0985 1.1057 1.1129 1.1202
1.0857 1.0927 1.0998 1.1070 1.1142
1.0798 1.0868 1.0938 1.1009 1.1081
1.0671 1.0740 1.0809 1.0879 1.0950
1.0537 1.0605 1.0674 1.0744 1.0814
20 21 22 23 24
1.1510 1.1590 1.1670 1.1751 1.1832
1.1453 1.1531 1.1609 1.1688 1.1768
1.1424 1.1501 1.1579 1.1657 1.1736
1.1394 1.1471 1.1548 1.1626 1.1704
1.1365 1.1441 1.1517 1.1594 1.1672
1.1335 1.1410 1.1486 1.1563 1.1640
1.1275 1.1349 1.1424 1.1500 1.1576
1.1215 1.1288 1.1362 1.1437 1.1512
1.1153 1.1226 1.1299 1.1373 1.1448
1.1021 1.1093 1.1166 1.1239 1.1313
1.0885 1.0957 1.1029 1.1102 1.1176
25 26 27 28 29
1.1914 1.1996 1.2078 1.2160 1.2243
1.1848 1.1929 1.2010 1.2091 1.2173
1.1816 1.1896 1.1976 1.2057 1.2138
1.1783 1.1862 1.1942 1.2023 1.2104
1.1750 1.1829 1.1909 1.1989 1.2069
1.1718 1.1796 1.1875 1.1955 1.2035
1.1653 1.1730 1.1808 1.1887 1.1966
1.1588 1.1665 1.1742 1.1820 1.1898
1.1523 1.1599 1.1676 1.1753 1.1831
1.1388 1.1463 1.1539 1.1616 1.1693
1.1250 1.1325 1.1400 1.1476 1.1553
30 31 32 33 34
1.2326 1.2409 1.2493 1.2577 1.2661
1.2255 1.2338 1.2421 1.2504 1.2588
1.2220 1.2302 1.2385 1.2468 1.2552
1.2185 1.2267 1.2349 1.2432 1.2515
1.2150 1.2232 1.2314 1.2396 1.2479
1.2115 1.2196 1.2278 1.2360 1.2443
1.2046 1.2126 1.2207 1.2289 1.2371
1.1977 1.2057 1.2137 1.2218 1.2300
1.1909 1.1988 1.2068 1.2148 1.2229
1.1771 1.1849 1.1928 1.2008 1.2088
1.1630 1.1708 1.1787 1.1866 1.1946
35 36 37 38 39
1.2746 1.2831 1.2917 1.3004 1.3091
1.2672 1.2757 1.2843 1.2929 1.3016
1.2636 1.2720 1.2805 1.2891 1.2978
1.2599 1.2684 1.2769 1.2855 1.2941
1.2563 1.2647 1.2732 1.2818 1.2904
1.2526 1.2610 1.2695 1.2780 1.2866
1.2454 1.2538 1.2622 1.2707 1.2793
1.2383 1.2466 1.2550 1.2635 1.2720
1.2311 1.2394 1.2477 1.2561 1.2646
1.2169 1.2251 1.2334 1.2418 1.2503
1.2027 1.2109 1.2192 1.2276 1.2361
40 41 42 43 44
1.3179 1.3268 1.3357 1.3447 1.3538
1.3103 1.3191 1.3280 1.3370 1.3461
1.3065 1.3153 1.3242 1.3332 1.3423
1.3028 1.3116 1.3205 1.3294 1.3384
1.2991 1.3079 1.3167 1.3256 1.3346
1.2953 1.3041 1.3129 1.3218 1.3308
1.2880 1.2967 1.3055 1.3144 1.3234
1.2806 1.2893 1.2981 1.3070 1.3160
1.2732 1.2819 1.2907 1.2996 1.3086
1.2589 1.2675 1.2762 1.2850 1.2939
1.2446 1.2532 1.2619 1.2707 1.2796
45 46 47 48 49
1.3630 1.3724 1.3819 1.3915 1.4012
1.3553 1.3646 1.3740 1.3835 1.3931
1.3515 1.3608 1.3702 1.3797 1.3893
1.3476 1.3569 1.3663 1.3758 1.3854
1.3437 1.3530 1.3624 1.3719 1.3814
1.3399 1.3492 1.3586 1.3680 1.3775
1.3325 1.3417 1.3510 1.3604 1.3699
1.3251 1.3343 1.3435 1.3528 1.3623
1.3177 1.3269 1.3362 1.3455 1.3549
1.3029 1.3120 1.3212 1.3305 1.3399
1.2886 1.2976 1.3067 1.3159 1.3253
50 51 52 53 54
1.4110 1.4209 1.4310 1.4412 1.4515
1.4029 1.4128 1.4228 1.4329 1.4431
1.3990 1.4088 1.4188 1.4289 1.4391
1.3951 1.4049 1.4148 1.4248 1.4350
1.3911 1.4009 1.4109 1.4209 1.4310
1.3872 1.3970 1.4069 1.4169 1.4270
1.3795 1.3893 1.3991 1.4091 1.4191
1.3719 1.3816 1.3914 1.4013 1.4113
1.3644 1.3740 1.3837 1.3936 1.4036
1.3494 1.3590 1.3687 1.3785 1.3884
1.3348 1.3444 1.3540 1.3637 1.3735
55 56 57 58 59
1.4619 1.4724 1.4830 1.4937 1.5045
1.4535 1.4640 1.4746 1.4852 1.4959
1.4494 1.4598 1.4703 1.4809 1.4916
1.4453 1.4557 1.4662 1.4768 1.4875
1.4412 1.4516 1.4621 1.4726 1.4832
1.4372 1.4475 1.4580 1.4685 1.4791
1.4293 1.4396 1.4500 1.4604 1.4709
1.4214 1.4317 1.4420 1.4524 1.4629
1.4137 1.4239 1.4342 1.4446 1.4551
1.3984 1.4085 1.4187 1.4290 1.4393
1.3834 1.3934 1.4035 1.4137 1.4240
60 61 62 63 64
1.5154 1.5264 1.5375 1.5487 1.5600
1.5067 1.5177 1.5287 1.5398 1.5510
1.5024 1.5133 1.5243 1.5354 1.5465
1.4983 1.5091 1.5200 1.5310 1.5421
1.4940 1.5048 1.5157 1.5267 1.5378
1.4898 1.5006 1.5115 1.5225 1.5335
1.4816 1.4923 1.5031 1.5140 1.5250
1.4735 1.4842 1.4950 1.5058 1.5167
1.4656 1.4762 1.4869 1.4977 1.5086
1.4497 1.4602 1.4708 1.4815 1.4923
1.4344 1.4449 1.4554 1.4660 1.4766
%
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS AT 1 ATM TABLE 2-103
2-113
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) (Concluded)
%
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
65 66 67 68 69
1.5714 1.5828 1.5943 1.6059 1.6176
1.5623 1.5736 1.5850 1.5965 1.6081
1.5578 1.5691 1.5805 1.5920 1.6035
1.5533 1.5646 1.5760 1.5874 1.5989
1.5490 1.5602 1.5715 1.5829 1.5944
1.5446 1.5558 1.5671 1.5785 1.5899
1.5361 1.5472 1.5584 1.5697 1.5811
1.5277 1.5388 1.5499 1.5611 1.5724
1.5195 1.5305 1.5416 1.5528 1.5640
1.5031 1.5140 1.5249 1.5359 1.5470
1.4873 1.4981 1.5089 1.5198 1.5307
70 71 72 73 74
1.6293 1.6411 1.6529 1.6648 1.6768
1.6198 1.6315 1.6433 1.6551 1.6670
1.6151 1.6268 1.6385 1.6503 1.6622
1.6105 1.6221 1.6338 1.6456 1.6574
1.6059 1.6175 1.6292 1.6409 1.6526
1.6014 1.6130 1.6246 1.6363 1.6480
1.5925 1.6040 1.6155 1.6271 1.6387
1.5838 1.5952 1.6067 1.6182 1.6297
1.5753 1.5867 1.5981 1.6095 1.6209
1.5582 1.5694 1.5806 1.5919 1.6031
1.5417 1.5527 1.5637 1.5747 1.5857
75 76 77 78 79
1.6888 1.7008 1.7128 1.7247 1.7365
1.6789 1.6908 1.7026 1.7144 1.7261
1.6740 1.6858 1.6976 1.7093 1.7209
1.6692 1.6810 1.6927 1.7043 1.7158
1.6644 1.6761 1.6878 1.6994 1.7108
1.6597 1.6713 1.6829 1.6944 1.7058
1.6503 1.6619 1.6734 1.6847 1.6959
1.6412 1.6526 1.6640 1.6751 1.6862
1.6322 1.6435 1.6547 1.6657 1.6766
1.6142 1.6252 1.6361 1.6469 1.6575
1.5966 1.6074 1.6181 1.6286 1.6390
80 81 82 83 84
1.7482 1.7597 1.7709 1.7815 1.7916
1.7376 1.7489 1.7599 1.7704 1.7804
1.7323 1.7435 1.7544 1.7649 1.7748
1.7272 1.7383 1.7491 1.7594 1.7693
1.7221 1.7331 1.7437 1.7540 1.7639
1.7170 1.7279 1.7385 1.7487 1.7585
1.7069 1.7177 1.7281 1.7382 1.7479
1.6971 1.7077 1.7180 1.7279 1.7375
1.6873 1.6978 1.7080 1.7179 1.7274
1.6680 1.6782 1.6882 1.6979 1.7072
1.6493 1.6594 1.6692 1.6787 1.6878
85 86 87 88 89
1.8009 1.8095 1.8173 1.8243 1.8306
1.7897 1.7983 1.8061 1.8132 1.8195
1.7841 1.7927 1.8006 1.8077 1.8141
1.7786 1.7872 1.7951 1.8022 1.8087
1.7732 1.7818 1.7897 1.7968 1.8033
1.7678 1.7763 1.7842 1.7914 1.7979
1.7571 1.7657 1.7736 1.7809 1.7874
1.7466 1.7552 1.7632 1.7705 1.7770
1.7364 1.7449 1.7529 1.7602 1.7669
1.7161 1.7245 1.7324 1.7397 1.7464
1.6966 1.7050 1.7129 1.7202 1.7269
90 91 92 93 94
1.8361 1.8410 1.8453 1.8490 1.8520
1.8252 1.8302 1.8346 1.8384 1.8415
1.8198 1.8248 1.8293 1.8331 1.8363
1.8144 1.8195 1.8240 1.8279 1.8312
1.8091 1.8142 1.8188 1.8227 1.8260
1.8038 1.8090 1.8136 1.8176 1.8210
1.7933 1.7986 1.8033 1.8074 1.8109
1.7829 1.7883 1.7932 1.7974 1.8011
1.7729 1.7783 1.7832 1.7876 1.7914
1.7525 1.7581 1.7633 1.7681
1.7331 1.7388 1.7439 1.7485
95 96 97 98 99 100
1.8544 1.8560 1.8569 1.8567 1.8551 1.8517
1.8439 1.8457 1.8466 1.8463 1.8445 1.8409
1.8388 1.8406 1.8414 1.8411 1.8393 1.8357
1.8337 1.8355 1.8364 1.8361 1.8342 1.8305
1.8286 1.8305 1.8314 1.8310 1.8292 1.8255
1.8236 1.8255 1.8264 1.8261 1.8242 1.8205
1.8137 1.8157 1.8166 1.8163 1.8145 1.8107
1.8040 1.8060 1.8071 1.8068 1.8050 1.8013
1.7944 1.7965 1.7977 1.7976 1.7958 1.7922
%
d 5.96 4
%
d 13.00 4
d 18.00 4
0.005 .01 .02 .03 .04
1.000 0140 1.000 0576 1.000 1434 1.000 2276 1.000 3104
0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
0.999 810 1.000 185 1.000 912 1.001 623 1.002 326
0.999 028 0.999 400 1.000 119 1.000 820 1.001 512
.05 .06 .07 .08 .09
1.000 3920 1.000 4726 1.000 5523 1.000 6313 1.000 7098
0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
1.003 023 1.003 716 1.005 090 1.006 452 1.007 807
1.002 197 1.002 877 1.004 227 1.005 570 1.006 909
.10 .15 .20 .25 .30
1.000 7880 1.001 1732 1.001 5514 1.001 9254 1.002 2961
1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2
1.009 159 1.010 510 1.011 860 1.013 209 1.014 557
1.008 247 1.009 583 1.010 918 1.012 252 1.013 586
.35 .40 .45 .50
1.002 6639 1.003 0292 1.003 3923 1.003 7534
2.4
1.015 904
1.014 919
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 56–57.
2-114
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-104
Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
2 4 8 12 16
1.0188 1.0381 1.0777 1.1186 1.1609
1.0167 1.0354 1.0738 1.1135 1.1544
1.0102 1.0285 1.0660 1.1046 1.1445
1.0008 1.0187 1.0554 1.0932 1.1320
0.9890 1.0065 1.0422 1.0789 1.1169
0.9751 0.9921 1.0270 1.0629 1.1000
20 30 40 50 60 65
1.2043 1.3288 1.477 1.661 1.891 2.026
1.1965 1.3170 1.462 1.643 1.869 2.002
1.1855 1.3030 1.445 1.623 1.845 1.976
1.1720 1.2868 1.427 1.602 1.822 1.951
1.1560 1.2688 1.406 1.579 1.797 1.924
1.1382 1.2489 1.385 1.555 1.771 1.898
TABLE 2-106 [Zn(NO3)2]*
Zinc Nitrate
TABLE 2-107 (ZnSO4)*
Zinc Sulfate
%
18 °C
%
18 °C
%
20 °C
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1.0154 1.0322 1.0496 1.0675 1.0859 1.1048 1.1244 1.1445
18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
1.1652 1.1865 1.2427 1.3029 1.3678 1.4378 1.5134 1.5944
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1.019 1.0403 1.0620 1.0842 1.1071 1.1308 1.1553 1.1806
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 65.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 65.
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 64. TABLE 2-105
Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2)*
%
0 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
80 °C
100 °C
2 4 8 12 16
1.0192 1.0384 1.0769 1.1159 1.1558
1.0167 1.0350 1.0715 1.1085 1.1468
1.0099 1.0274 1.0624 1.0980 1.1350
1.0003 1.0172 1.0508 1.0853 1.1212
0.9882 1.0044 1.0369 1.0704 1.1055
0.9739 0.9894 1.0211 1.0541 1.0888
20 30 40 50 60 70
1.1970 1.3062 1.4329 1.5860
1.1866 1.2928 1.4173 1.5681 1.749 1.962
1.1736 1.2778 1.4003 1.5495
1.1590 1.2614 1.3824 1.5300
1.1428 1.2438 1.3637 1.5097
1.1255 1.2252 1.3441 1.4892
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 64.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS* UNITS AND UNITS CONVERSIONS
From International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 115–129 unless otherwise stated. All compositions are in weight percent in vacuo. All density values are d4t = g /mL in vacuo.
Unless otherwise noted, densities are given in grams per cubic centimeter. To convert to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43. °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32 TABLE 2-108
*For gasoline and aircraft fuels see Hibbard, NACA Res. Mem. E56I21 (declassified 1958).
Formic Acid (HCOOH)
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
0 1 2 3 4
0.9999 1.0028 1.0059 1.0090 1.0120
0.9991 1.0019 1.0045 1.0072 1.0100
0.9982 1.0019 1.0044 1.0070 1.0093
0.9957 0.9980 1.0004 1.0028 1.0053
25 26 27 28 29
1.0706 1.0733 1.0760 1.0787 1.0813
1.0627 1.0652 1.0678 1.0702 1.0726
1.0609 1.0633 1.0656 1.0681 1.0705
1.0540 1.0564 1.0587 1.0609 1.0632
50 51 52 53 54
1.1349 1.1374 1.1399 1.1424 1.1448
1.1225 1.1248 1.1271 1.1294 1.1318
1.1207 1.1223 1.1244 1.1269 1.1295
1.1098 1.1120 1.1142 1.1164 1.1186
75 76 77 78 79
1.1953 1.1976 1.1999 1.2021 1.2043
1.1794 1.1816 1.1837 1.1859 1.1881
1.1769 1.1785 1.1801 1.1818 1.1837
1.1636 1.1656 1.1676 1.1697 1.1717
5 6 7 8 9
1.0150 1.0179 1.0207 1.0237 1.0266
1.0124 1.0151 1.0177 1.0204 1.0230
1.0115 1.0141 1.0170 1.0196 1.0221
1.0075 1.0101 1.0125 1.0149 1.0173
30 31 32 33 34
1.0839 1.0866 1.0891 1.0916 1.0941
1.0750 1.0774 1.0798 1.0821 1.0844
1.0729 1.0753 1.0777 1.0800 1.0823
1.0654 1.0676 1.0699 1.0721 1.0743
55 56 57 58 59
1.1472 1.1497 1.1523 1.1548 1.1573
1.1341 1.1365 1.1388 1.1411 1.1434
1.1320 1.1342 1.1361 1.1381 1.1401
1.1208 1.1230 1.1253 1.1274 1.1295
80 81 82 83 84
1.2065 1.2088 1.2110 1.2132 1.2154
1.1902 1.1924 1.1944 1.1965 1.1985
1.1806 1.1876 1.1896 1.1914 1.1929
1.1737 1.1758 1.1778 1.1798 1.1817
10 11 12 13 14
1.0295 1.0324 1.0351 1.0379 1.0407
1.0256 1.0281 1.0306 1.0330 1.0355
1.0246 1.0271 1.0296 1.0321 1.0345
1.0197 1.0221 1.0244 1.0267 1.0290
35 36 37 38 39
1.0966 1.0993 1.1018 1.1043 1.1069
1.0867 1.0892 1.0916 1.0940 1.0964
1.0847 1.0871 1.0895 1.0919 1.0940
1.0766 1.0788 1.0810 1.0832 1.0854
60 61 62 63 64
1.1597 1.1621 1.1645 1.1669 1.1694
1.1458 1.1481 1.1504 1.1526 1.1549
1.1424 1.1448 1.1473 1.1493 1.1517
1.1317 1.1338 1.1360 1.1382 1.1403
85 86 87 88 89
1.2176 1.2196 1.2217 1.2237 1.2258
1.2005 1.2025 1.2045 1.2064 1.2084
1.1953 1.1976 1.1994 1.2012 1.2028
1.1837 1.1856 1.1875 1.1893 1.1910
15 16 17 18 19
1.0435 1.0463 1.0491 1.0518 1.0545
1.0380 1.0405 1.0430 1.0455 1.0480
1.0370 1.0393 1.0417 1.0441 1.0464
1.0313 1.0336 1.0358 1.0381 1.0404
40 41 42 43 44
1.1095 1.1122 1.1148 1.1174 1.1199
1.0988 1.1012 1.1036 1.1060 1.1084
1.0963 1.0990 1.1015 1.1038 1.1062
1.0876 1.0898 1.0920 1.0943 1.0965
65 66 67 68 69
1.1718 1.1742 1.1766 1.1790 1.1813
1.1572 1.1595 1.1618 1.1640 1.1663
1.1543 1.1565 1.1584 1.1604 1.1628
1.1425 1.1446 1.1467 1.1489 1.1510
90 91 92 93 94
1.2278 1.2297 1.2316 1.2335 1.2354
1.2102 1.2121 1.2139 1.2157 1.2174
1.2044 1.2059 1.2078 1.2099 1.2117
1.1927 1.1945 1.1961 1.1978 1.1994
20 21 22 23 24
1.0571 1.0598 1.0625 1.0652 1.0679
1.0505 1.0532 1.0556 1.0580 1.0604
1.0488 1.0512 1.0537 1.0561 1.0585
1.0427 1.0451 1.0473 1.0496 1.0518
45 46 47 48 49
1.1224 1.1249 1.1274 1.1299 1.1324
1.1109 1.1133 1.1156 1.1179 1.1202
1.1085 1.1108 1.1130 1.1157 1.1185
1.0987 1.1009 1.1031 1.1053 1.1076
70 71 72 73 74
1.1835 1.1858 1.1882 1.1906 1.1929
1.1685 1.1707 1.1729 1.1751 1.1773
1.1655 1.1677 1.1702 1.1728 1.1752
1.1531 1.1552 1.1573 1.1595 1.1615
95 96 97 98 99
1.2372 1.2390 1.2408 1.2425 1.2441
1.2191 1.2208 1.2224 1.2240 1.2257
1.2140 1.2158 1.2170 1.2183 1.2202
1.2008 1.2022 1.2036 1.2048 1.2061
100
1.2456
1.2273
1.2212
1.2073
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-109
2-115
Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
40 °C
0 1 2 3 4
0.9999 1.0016 1.0033 1.0051 1.0070
0.9997 1.0013 1.0029 1.0044 1.0060
0.9991 1.0006 1.0021 1.0036 1.0051
0.9982 0.9996 1.0012 1.0025 1.0040
0.9971 0.9987 1.0000 1.0013 1.0027
0.9957 0.9971 0.9984 0.9997 1.0011
0.9922 0.9934 0.9946 0.9958 0.9970
50 51 52 53 54
1.0729 1.0738 1.0748 1.0757 1.0765
1.0654 1.0663 1.0671 1.0679 1.0687
1.0613 1.0622 1.0629 1.0637 1.0644
1.0575 1.0582 1.0590 1.0597 1.0604
1.0534 1.0542 1.0549 1.0555 1.0562
1.0492 1.0499 1.0506 1.0512 1.0518
1.0408 1.0414 1.0421 1.0427 1.0432
5 6 7 8 9
1.0088 1.0106 1.0124 1.0142 1.0159
1.0076 1.0092 1.0108 1.0124 1.0140
1.0066 1.0081 1.0096 1.0111 1.0126
1.0055 1.0069 1.0083 1.0097 1.0111
1.0041 1.0055 1.0068 1.0081 1.0094
1.0024 1.0037 1.0050 1.0063 1.0076
0.9982 0.9994 1.0006 1.0018 1.0030
55 56 57 58 59
1.0774 1.0782 1.0790 1.0798 1.0805
1.0694 1.0701 1.0708 1.0715 1.0722
1.0651 1.0658 1.0665 1.0672 1.0678
1.0611 1.0618 1.0624 1.0631 1.0637
1.0568 1.0574 1.0580 1.0586 1.0592
1.0525 1.0531 1.0536 1.0542 1.0547
1.0438 1.0443 1.0448 1.0453 1.0458
10 11 12 13 14
1.0177 1.0194 1.0211 1.0228 1.0245
1.0156 1.0171 1.0187 1.0202 1.0217
1.0141 1.0155 1.0170 1.0184 1.0199
1.0125 1.0139 1.0154 1.0168 1.0182
1.0107 1.0120 1.0133 1.0146 1.0159
1.0089 1.0102 1.0115 1.0127 1.0139
1.0042 1.0054 1.0065 1.0077 1.0088
60 61 62 63 64
1.0813 1.0820 1.0826 1.0833 1.0838
1.0728 1.0734 1.0740 1.0746 1.0752
1.0684 1.0690 1.0696 1.0701 1.0706
1.0642 1.0648 1.0653 1.0658 1.0662
1.0597 1.0602 1.0607 1.0612 1.0616
1.0552 1.0557 1.0562 1.0566 1.0571
1.0462 1.0466 1.0470 1.0473 1.0477
15 16 17 18 19
1.0262 1.0278 1.0295 1.0311 1.0327
1.0232 1.0247 1.0262 1.0276 1.0291
1.0213 1.0227 1.0241 1.0255 1.0269
1.0195 1.0209 1.0223 1.0236 1.0250
1.0172 1.0185 1.0198 1.0210 1.0223
1.0151 1.0163 1.0175 1.0187 1.0198
1.0099 1.0110 1.0121 1.0132 1.0142
65 66 67 68 69
1.0844 1.0850 1.0856 1.0860 1.0865
1.0757 1.0762 1.0767 1.0771 1.0775
1.0711 1.0716 1.0720 1.0725 1.0729
1.0666 1.0671 1.0675 1.0678 1.0682
1.0621 1.0624 1.0628 1.0631 1.0634
1.0575 1.0578 1.0582 1.0585 1.0588
1.0480 1.0483 1.0486 1.0489 1.0491
20 21 22 23 24
1.0343 1.0358 1.0374 1.0389 1.0404
1.0305 1.0319 1.0333 1.0347 1.0361
1.0283 1.0297 1.0310 1.0323 1.0336
1.0263 1.0276 1.0288 1.0301 1.0313
1.0235 1.0248 1.0260 1.0272 1.0283
1.0210 1.0222 1.0233 1.0244 1.0256
1.0153 1.0164 1.0174 1.0185 1.0195
70 71 72 73 74
1.0869 1.0874 1.0877 1.0881 1.0884
1.0779 1.0783 1.0786 1.0789 1.0792
1.0732 1.0736 1.0738 1.0741 1.0743
1.0685 1.0687 1.0690 1.0693 1.0694
1.0637 1.0640 1.0642 1.0644 1.0645
1.0590 1.0592 1.0594 1.0595 1.0596
1.0493 1.0495 1.0496 1.0497 1.0498
25 26 27 28 29
1.0419 1.0434 1.0449 1.0463 1.0477
1.0375 1.0388 1.0401 1.0414 1.0427
1.0349 1.0362 1.0374 1.0386 1.0399
1.0326 1.0338 1.0349 1.0361 1.0372
1.0295 1.0307 1.0318 1.0329 1.0340
1.0267 1.0278 1.0289 1.0299 1.0310
1.0205 1.0215 1.0225 1.0234 1.0244
75 76 77 78 79
1.0887 1.0889 1.0891 1.0893 1.0894
1.0794 1.0796 1.0797 1.0798 1.0798
1.0745 1.0746 1.0747 1.0747 1.0747
1.0696 1.0698 1.0699 1.0700 1.0700
1.0647 1.0648 1.0648 1.0648 1.0648
1.0597 1.0598 1.0598 1.0598 1.0597
1.0499 1.0499 1.0499 1.0498 1.0497
30 31 32 33 34
1.0491 1.0505 1.0519 1.0532 1.0545
1.0440 1.0453 1.0465 1.0477 1.0489
1.0411 1.0423 1.0435 1.0446 1.0458
1.0384 1.0395 1.0406 1.0417 1.0428
1.0350 1.0361 1.0372 1.0382 1.0392
1.0320 1.0330 1.0341 1.0351 1.0361
1.0253 1.0262 1.0272 1.0281 1.0289
80 81 82 83 84
1.0895 1.0895 1.0895 1.0895 1.0893
1.0798 1.0797 1.0796 1.0795 1.0793
1.0747 1.0745 1.0743 1.0741 1.0738
1.0700 1.0699 1.0698 1.0696 1.0693
1.0647 1.0646 1.0644 1.0642 1.0638
1.0596 1.0594 1.0592 1.0589 1.0585
1.0495 1.0493 1.0490 1.0487 1.0483
35 36 37 38 39
1.0558 1.0571 1.0584 1.0596 1.0608
1.0501 1.0513 1.0524 1.0535 1.0546
1.0469 1.0480 1.0491 1.0501 1.0512
1.0438 1.0449 1.0459 1.0469 1.0479
1.0402 1.0412 1.0422 1.0432 1.0441
1.0371 1.0380 1.0390 1.0399 1.0408
1.0298 1.0306 1.0314 1.0322 1.0330
85 86 87 88 89
1.0891 1.0887 1.0883 1.0877 1.0872
1.0790 1.0787 1.0783 1.0778 1.0773
1.0735 1.0731 1.0726 1.0721 1.0715
1.0689 1.0685 1.0680 1.0675 1.0668
1.0635 1.0630 1.0626 1.0620 1.0613
1.0582 1.0576 1.0571 1.0564 1.0557
1.0479 1.0473 1.0467 1.0460 1.0453
40 41 42 43 44
1.0621 1.0633 1.0644 1.0656 1.0667
1.0557 1.0568 1.0578 1.0588 1.0598
1.0522 1.0532 1.0542 1.0551 1.0561
1.0488 1.0498 1.0507 1.0516 1.0525
1.0450 1.0460 1.0469 1.0477 1.0486
1.0416 1.0425 1.0433 1.0441 1.0449
1.0338 1.0346 1.0353 1.0361 1.0368
90 91 92 93 94
1.0865 1.0857 1.0848 1.0838 1.0826
1.0766 1.0758 1.0749 1.0739 1.0727
1.0708 1.0700 1.0690 1.0680 1.0667
1.0661 1.0652 1.0643 1.0632 1.0619
1.0605 1.0597 1.0587 1.0577 1.0564
1.0549 1.0541 1.0530 1.0518 1.0506
1.0445 1.0436 1.0426 1.0414 1.0401
45 46 47 48 49
1.0679 1.0689 1.0699 1.0709 1.0720
1.0608 1.0618 1.0627 1.0636 1.0645
1.0570 1.0579 1.0588 1.0597 1.0605
1.0534 1.0542 1.0551 1.0559 1.0567
1.0495 1.0503 1.0511 1.0518 1.0526
1.0456 1.0464 1.0471 1.0479 1.0486
1.0375 1.0382 1.0389 1.0395 1.0402
95 96 97 98 99
1.0813 1.0798 1.0780 1.0759 1.0730
1.0714
1.0652 1.0632 1.0611 1.0590 1.0567
1.0605 1.0588 1.0570 1.0549 1.0524
1.0551 1.0535 1.0516 1.0495 1.0468
1.0491 1.0473 1.0454 1.0431 1.0407
1.0386 1.0368 1.0348 1.0325 1.0299
100
1.0697
1.0545
1.0498
1.0440
1.0380
1.0271
%
2-116
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-110
TABLE 2-111
Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4)
%
d 17.5 4
%
d 17.5 4
1 2 4
1.0035 1.0070 1.0140
8 10 12
1.0280 1.0350 1.0420
Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH)*
%
0 °C
10 °C
15.56 °C
20 °C
15 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
15.56 °C
20 °C
15 °C
%
0 °C
10 °C
15.56 °C
20 °C
15 °C
0 1 2 3 4
0.9999 0.9981 0.9963 0.9946 0.9930
0.9997 0.9980 0.9962 0.9945 0.9929
0.9990 0.9973 0.9955 0.9938 0.9921
0.9982 0.9965 0.9948 0.9931 0.9914
0.99913 0.99727 0.99543 0.99370 0.99198
35 36 37 38 39
0.9534 0.9520 0.9505 0.9490 0.9475
0.9484 0.9469 0.9453 0.9437 0.9420
0.9456 0.9440 0.9422 0.9405 0.9387
0.9433 0.9416 0.9398 0.9381 0.9363
0.94570 0.94404 0.94237 0.94067 0.93894
70 71 72 73 74
0.8869 0.8847 0.8824 0.8801 0.8778
0.8794 0.8770 0.8747 0.8724 0.8699
0.8748 0.8726 0.8702 0.8678 0.8653
0.8715 0.8690 0.8665 0.8641 0.8616
0.87507 0.87271 0.87033 0.86792 0.86546
5 6 7 8 9
0.9914 0.9899 0.9884 0.9870 0.9856
0.9912 0.9896 0.9881 0.9865 0.9849
0.9904 0.9889 0.9872 0.9857 0.9841
0.9896 0.9880 0.9863 0.9847 0.9831
0.99029 0.98864 0.98701 0.98547 0.98394
40 41 42 43 44
0.9459 0.9443 0.9427 0.9411 0.9395
0.9403 0.9387 0.9370 0.9352 0.9334
0.9369 0.9351 0.9333 0.9315 0.9297
0.9345 0.9327 0.9309 0.9290 0.9272
0.93720 0.93543 0.93365 0.93185 0.93001
75 76 77 78 79
0.8754 0.8729 0.8705 0.8680 0.8657
0.8676 0.8651 0.8626 0.8602 0.8577
0.8629 0.8604 0.8579 0.8554 0.8529
0.8592 0.8567 0.8542 0.8518 0.8494
0.86300 0.86051 0.85801 0.85551 0.85300
10 11 12 13 14
0.9842 0.9829 0.9816 0.9804 0.9792
0.9834 0.9820 0.9805 0.9791 0.9778
0.9826 0.9811 0.9796 0.9781 0.9766
0.9815 0.9799 0.9784 0.9768 0.9754
0.98241 0.98093 0.97945 0.97802 0.97660
45 46 47 48 49
0.9377 0.9360 0.9342 0.9324 0.9306
0.9316 0.9298 0.9279 0.9260 0.9240
0.9279 0.9261 0.9242 0.9223 0.9204
0.9252 0.9234 0.9214 0.9196 0.9176
0.92815 0.92627 0.92436 0.92242 0.92048
80 81 82 83 84
0.8634 0.8610 0.8585 0.8560 0.8535
0.8551 0.8527 0.8501 0.8475 0.8449
0.8503 0.8478 0.8452 0.8426 0.8400
0.8469 0.8446 0.8420 0.8394 0.8366
0.85048 0.84794 0.84536 0.84274 0.84009
15 16 17 18 19
0.9780 0.9769 0.9758 0.9747 0.9736
0.9764 0.9751 0.9739 0.9726 0.9713
0.9752 0.9738 0.9723 0.9709 0.9695
0.9740 0.9725 0.9710 0.9696 0.9681
0.97518 0.97377 0.97237 0.97096 0.96955
50 51 52 53 54
0.9287 0.9269 0.9250 0.9230 0.9211
0.9221 0.9202 0.9182 0.9162 0.9142
0.9185 0.9166 0.9146 0.9126 0.9106
0.9156 0.9135 0.9114 0.9094 0.9073
0.91852 0.91653 0.91451 0.91248 0.91044
85 86 87 88 89
0.8510 0.8483 0.8456 0.8428 0.8400
0.8422 0.8394 0.8367 0.8340 0.8314
0.8374 0.8347 0.8320 0.8294 0.8267
0.8340 0.8314 0.8286 0.8258 0.8230
0.83742 0.83475 0.83207 0.82937 0.82667
20 21 22 23 24
0.9725 0.9714 0.9702 0.9690 0.9678
0.9700 0.9687 0.9673 0.9660 0.9646
0.9680 0.9666 0.9652 0.9638 0.9624
0.9666 0.9651 0.9636 0.9622 0.9607
0.96814 0.96673 0.96533 0.96392 0.96251
55 56 57 58 59
0.9191 0.9172 0.9151 0.9131 0.9111
0.9122 0.9101 0.9080 0.9060 0.9039
0.9086 0.9065 0.9045 0.9024 0.9002
0.9052 0.9032 0.9010 0.8988 0.8968
0.90839 0.90631 0.90421 0.90210 0.89996
90 91 92 93 94
0.8374 0.8347 0.8320 0.8293 0.8266
0.8287 0.8261 0.8234 0.8208 0.8180
0.8239 0.8212 0.8185 0.8157 0.8129
0.8202 0.8174 0.8146 0.8118 0.8090
0.82396 0.82124 0.81849 0.81568 0.81285
25 26 27 28 29
0.9666 0.9654 0.9642 0.9629 0.9616
0.9632 0.9618 0.9604 0.9590 0.9575
0.9609 0.9595 0.9580 0.9565 0.9550
0.9592 0.9576 0.9562 0.9546 0.9531
0.96108 0.95963 0.95817 0.95668 0.95518
60 61 62 63 64
0.9090 0.9068 0.9046 0.9024 0.9002
0.9018 0.8998 0.8977 0.8955 0.8933
0.8980 0.8958 0.8936 0.8913 0.8890
0.8946 0.8924 0.8902 0.8879 0.8856
0.89781 0.89563 0.89341 0.89117 0.88890
95 96 97 98 99
0.8240 0.8212 0.8186 0.8158 0.8130
0.8152 0.8124 0.8096 0.8068 0.8040
0.8101 0.8073 0.8045 0.8016 0.7987
0.8062 0.8034 0.8005 0.7976 0.7948
0.80999 0.80713 0.80428 0.80143 0.79859
30 31 32 33 34
0.9604 0.9590 0.9576 0.9563 0.9549
0.9560 0.9546 0.9531 0.9516 0.9500
0.9535 0.9521 0.9505 0.9489 0.9473
0.9515 0.9499 0.9483 0.9466 0.9450
0.95366 0.95213 0.95056 0.94896 0.94734
65 66 67 68 69
0.8980 0.8958 0.8935 0.8913 0.8891
0.8911 0.8888 0.8865 0.8842 0.8818
0.8867 0.8844 0.8820 0.8797 0.8771
0.8834 0.8811 0.8787 0.8763 0.8738
0.88662 0.88433 0.88203 0.87971 0.87739
100
0.8102
0.8009
0.7959
0.7917
0.79577
*It should be noted that the values for 100 percent do not agree with some data available elsewhere, e.g., American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957. Also, see Atack, Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957. Also, see Tables 2-234 and 2-305 for pure component densities.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-112
2-117
Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH)*
%
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
35 °C
40 °C
%
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
35 °C
40 °C
0 1 2 3 4
0.99973 785 602 426 258
0.99913 725 542 365 195
0.99823 636 453 275 103
0.99708 520 336 157 0.98984
0.99568 379 194 014 0.98839
0.99406 217 031 0.98849 672
0.99225 034 0.98846 663 485
50 51 52 53 54
0.92126 0.91943 723 502 279
0.91776 555 333 110 0.90885
0.91384 160 0.90936 711 485
0.90985 760 534 307 079
0.90580 353 125 0.89896 667
0.90168 0.89940 710 479 248
0.89750 519 288 056 0.88823
5 6 7 8 9
098 0.98946 801 660 524
032 0.98877 729 584 442
0.98938 780 627 478 331
817 656 500 346 193
670 507 347 189 031
501 335 172 009 0.97846
311 142 0.97975 808 641
55 56 57 58 59
055 0.90831 607 381 154
659 433 207 0.89980 752
258 031 0.89803 574 344
0.89850 621 392 162 0.88931
437 206 0.88975 744 512
016 0.88784 552 319 085
589 356 122 0.87888 653
10 11 12 13 14
393 267 145 026 0.97911
304 171 041 0.97914 790
187 047 0.97910 775 643
043 0.97897 753 611 472
0.97875 723 573 424 278
685 527 371 216 063
475 312 150 0.96989 829
60 61 62 63 64
0.89927 698 468 237 006
523 293 062 0.88830 597
113 0.88882 650 417 183
699 446 233 0.87998 763
278 044 0.87809 574 337
0.87851 615 379 142 0.86905
417 180 0.86943 705 466
15 16 17 18 19
800 692 583 473 363
669 552 433 313 191
514 387 259 129 0.96997
334 199 062 0.96923 782
133 0.96990 844 697 547
0.96911 760 607 452 294
670 512 352 189 023
65 66 67 68 69
0.88774 541 308 074 0.87839
364 130 0.87895 660 424
0.87948 713 477 241 004
527 291 054 0.86817 579
100 0.86863 625 387 148
667 429 190 0.85950 710
227 0.85987 747 407 266
20 21 22 23 24
252 139 024 0.96907 787
068 0.96944 818 689 558
864 729 592 453 312
639 495 348 199 048
395 242 087 0.95929 769
134 0.95973 809 643 476
0.95856 687 516 343 168
70 71 72 73 74
602 365 127 0.86888 648
187 0.86949 710 470 229
0.86766 527 287 047 0.85806
340 100 0.85859 618 376
0.85908 667 426 184 0.84941
470 228 0.84986 743 500
025 0.84783 540 297 053
25 26 27 28 29
665 539 406 268 125
424 287 144 0.95996 844
168 020 0.95867 710 548
0.95895 738 576 410 241
607 442 272 098 0.94922
306 133 0.94955 774 590
0.94991 810 625 438 248
75 76 77 78 79
408 168 0.85927 685 442
0.85988 747 505 262 018
564 322 079 0.84835 590
134 0.84891 647 403 158
698 455 211 0.83966 720
257 013 0.83768 523 277
0.83809 564 319 074 0.82827
30 31 32 33 34
0.95977 823 665 502 334
686 524 357 186 011
382 212 038 0.94860 679
067 0.94890 709 525 337
741 557 370 180 0.93986
403 214 021 0.93825 626
055 0.93860 662 461 257
80 81 82 83 84
197 0.84950 702 453 203
0.84772 525 277 028 0.83777
344 096 0.83848 599 348
0.83911 664 415 164 0.82913
473 224 0.82974 724 473
029 0.82780 530 279 027
578 329 079 0.81828 576
35 36 37 38 39
162 0.94986 805 620 431
0.94832 650 464 273 079
494 306 114 0.93919 720
146 0.93952 756 556 353
790 591 390 186 0.92979
425 221 016 0.92808 597
051 0.92843 634 422 208
85 86 87 88 89
0.83951 697 441 181 0.82919
525 271 014 0.82754 492
095 0.82840 583 323 062
660 405 148 0.81888 626
220 0.81965 708 448 186
0.81774 519 262 003 0.80742
322 067 0.80811 552 291
40 41 42 43 44
238 042 0.93842 639 433
0.93882 682 478 271 062
518 314 107 0.92897 685
148 0.92940 729 516 301
770 558 344 128 0.91910
385 170 0.91952 733 513
0.91992 774 554 332 108
90 91 92 93 94
654 386 114 0.81839 561
227 0.81959 688 413 134
0.81797 529 257 0.80983 705
362 094 0.80823 549 272
0.80922 655 384 111 0.79835
478 211 0.79941 669 393
028 0.79761 491 220 0.78947
45 46 47 48 49
226 017 0.92806 593 379
0.92852 640 426 211 0.91995
472 257 041 0.91823 604
085 0.91868 649 429 208
692 472 250 028 0.90805
291 069 0.90845 621 396
0.90884 660 434 207 0.89979
95 96 97 98 99
278 0.80991 698 399 094
0.80852 566 274 0.79975 670
424 138 0.79846 547 243
0.79991 706 415 117 0.78814
555 271 0.78981 684 382
114 0.78831 542 247 0.77946
670 388 100 0.77806 507
100
0.79784
360
0.78934
506
075
641
203
*For data from −78° to 78°C, see p. 2-142, Table 2N-5, American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957. See Tables 2-214 and 2-305 for pure component densities.
2-118
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-113 % alcohol by weight
Densities of Mixtures of C2H5OH and H2O at 20 °C g/mL Tenths of %
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 1 2 3 4
0.99823 636 453 275 103
804 618 435 257 087
785 599 417 240 070
766 581 399 222 053
748 562 381 205 037
729 544 363 188 020
710 525 345 171 003
692 507 327 154 *987
5 6 7 8 9
0.98938 780 627 478 331
922 765 612 463 316
906 749 597 449 301
890 734 582 434 287
874 718 567 419 273
859 703 553 404 258
843 688 538 389 244
827 673 523 374 229
10 11 12 13 14
187 047 0.97910 775 643
172 033 896 761 630
158 019 883 748 617
144 006 869 735 604
130 *992 855 722 591
117 *978 842 709 578
103 *964 828 696 565
089 *951 815 683 552
15 16 17 18 19
514 387 259 129 0.96997
501 374 246 116 984
488 361 233 103 971
475 349 220 089 957
462 336 207 076 944
450 323 194 063 931
438 310 181 050 917
425 297 168 037 904
412 284 155 024 891
20 21 22 23 24
864 729 592 453 312
850 716 578 439 297
837 702 564 425 283
823 688 551 411 269
810 675 537 396 254
796 661 523 382 240
783 647 509 368 225
769 634 495 354 211
756 620 481 340 196
25 26 27 28 29
168 020 0.95867 710 548
153 005 851 694 532
139 *990 836 678 516
124 *975 820 662 499
109 *959 805 646 483
094 *944 789 630 466
080 *929 773 613 450
30 31 32 33 34
382 212 038 0.94860 679
365 195 020 842 660
349 178 003 824 642
332 161 *985 806 624
315 143 *967 788 605
298 126 *950 770 587
35 36 37 38 39
494 306 114 0.93919 720
475 287 095 899 700
456 268 075 879 680
438 249 056 859 660
419 230 036 840 640
40 41 42 43 44
518 314 107 0.92897 685
498 294 086 876 664
478 273 065 855 642
458 253 044 834 621
45 46 47 48 49
472 257 041 0.91823 604
450 236 019 801 582
429 214 *997 780 560
408 193 *976 758 538
Tenths of % 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
50 51 52 53 54
0.91384 160 0.90936 711 485
361 138 914 689 463
339 116 891 666 440
317 093 869 644 417
295 071 846 621 395
272 049 824 598 372
250 026 801 576 349
228 206 183 004 *981 *959 779 756 734 553 531 508 327 304 281
796 642 493 345 201
55 56 57 58 59
258 031 0.89803 574 344
236 008 780 551 321
213 *985 757 528 298
190 *962 734 505 275
167 *939 711 482 252
145 *917 688 459 229
122 *894 665 436 206
099 076 054 *871 *848 *825 643 620 597 413 390 367 183 160 137
075 061 *937 *923 801 788 670 657 539 526
60 61 62 63 64
113 0.88882 650 417 183
090 859 626 393 160
067 836 603 370 136
044 812 580 347 113
021 789 557 323 089
*998 766 533 300 066
*975 743 510 277 042
*951 *928 *905 720 696 673 487 463 440 253 230 206 019 *995 *972
400 272 142 010 877
65 66 67 68 69
0.87948 713 477 241 004
925 689 454 218 *981
901 666 430 194 *957
878 642 406 170 *933
854 619 383 147 *909
831 595 359 123 *885
807 572 336 099 *862
784 760 737 548 524 501 312 288 265 075 052 028 *838 *814 *790
742 606 467 326 182
70 71 72 73 74
0.86766 527 287 047 0.85806
742 503 263 022 781
718 479 239 *998 757
694 455 215 *974 733
671 431 191 *950 709
647 407 167 *926 685
623 383 143 *902 661
599 575 551 339 335 311 119 095 071 *878 *854 *830 636 612 588
065 *914 757 597 433
050 035 *898 *883 742 726 581 565 416 400
75 76 77 78 79
564 322 079 0.84835 590
540 297 055 811 566
515 273 031 787 541
491 249 006 762 517
467 225 *982 738 492
443 200 *958 713 467
419 176 *933 689 443
394 370 346 152 128 103 *909 *884 *860 664 640 615 418 393 369
281 108 *932 752 568
264 091 *914 734 550
247 230 074 056 *896 *878 715 697 531 512
80 81 82 83 84
344 096 0.83848 599 348
319 072 823 574 323
294 047 798 549 297
270 022 773 523 272
245 *997 748 498 247
220 *972 723 473 222
196 *947 698 448 196
171 146 121 *923 *898 *873 674 649 624 423 398 373 171 146 120
400 211 017 820 620
382 192 *997 800 599
363 172 *978 780 579
344 325 153 134 *958 *939 760 740 559 539
85 86 87 88 89
095 0.82840 583 323 062
070 815 557 297 035
044 789 531 271 009
019 763 505 245 *983
*994 738 479 219 *956
*968 712 453 193 *930
*943 686 427 167 *903
*917 *892 *866 660 635 609 401 375 349 140 114 088 *877 *850 *824
437 232 023 812 600
417 212 002 791 579
396 191 *981 770 557
376 170 *960 749 536
356 335 149 129 *939 *918 728 707 515 493
90 91 92 93 94
0.81797 529 257 0.80983 705
770 502 230 955 677
744 475 203 928 649
717 448 175 900 621
690 421 148 872 593
664 394 120 844 565
637 366 093 817 537
386 171 *954 736 516
365 150 *932 714 494
343 128 *910 692 472
322 106 *889 670 450
300 279 085 063 *867 *845 648 626 428 406
95 96 97 98 99
424 138 0.79846 547 243
395 109 816 517 213
367 080 787 487 182
338 051 757 456 151
310 022 727 426 120
281 *993 698 396 089
253 *963 668 365 059
100
0.78934
*Indicates change in the first two decimal places.
8
% alcohol by weight
9
673 655 489 471 310 292 137 120 *971 *954 811 658 508 360 215
610 339 066 789 509
8
583 312 038 761 480
9
556 285 010 733 452
224 195 166 *934 *905 *875 638 608 578 335 305 274 028 *997 *966
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-114 % alcohol by volume at 60°F
Specific Gravity {60°/60 °F [(15.56°/15.56 °C)]} of Mixtures by Volume of C2H5OH and H2O
Tenths of % 0
2-119
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
% alcohol by volume at 60°F
Tenths of % 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4
1.00000 *985 0.99850 835 703 688 559 545 419 405
*970 820 674 531 391
*955 806 659 516 378
*940 791 645 502 364
*925 776 630 488 350
*910 761 616 474 336
*895 747 602 460 323
*880 732 587 446 309
865 717 573 432 296
50 51 52 53 54
0.93426 230 031 0.92830 626
407 387 368 348 328 309 289 270 250 210 190 171 151 131 111 091 071 051 011 *991 *971 *951 *931 *911 *890 *870 *850 810 789 769 749 728 708 688 667 647 605 585 564 544 523 502 482 461 440
5 6 7 8 9
282 150 022 0.98899 779
269 137 009 887 767
255 124 *997 875 755
242 111 *984 863 743
228 098 *972 851 731
215 085 *960 838 720
202 073 *947 826 708
189 060 *935 814 696
176 163 047 035 *923 *911 803 791 684 672
55 56 57 58 59
419 210 0.91999 784 565
398 189 978 762 543
377 168 956 741 521
357 147 935 719 499
336 126 914 697 477
315 105 892 675 455
294 084 871 653 433
10 11 12 13 14
661 544 430 319 210
649 532 419 308 200
637 521 408 297 190
625 509 396 286 179
614 498 385 275 168
602 487 374 264 157
590 475 363 254 147
579 464 352 243 136
567 452 341 232 125
556 441 330 221 115
60 61 62 63 64
344 120 0.90893 664 434
322 097 870 641 411
299 075 847 618 388
277 052 825 595 365
255 030 802 572 341
232 007 779 549 318
210 *984 756 526 295
15 16 17 18 19
104 0.97998 895 794 694
093 988 885 784 684
083 977 875 774 674
072 967 864 764 664
062 956 854 754 654
051 946 844 744 645
040 936 834 734 635
030 925 824 724 625
019 915 814 714 615
009 905 804 704 605
65 66 67 68 69
202 0.89967 729 489 245
179 943 705 465 220
155 920 681 441 196
132 896 657 416 171
108 872 633 392 147
085 848 609 368 122
061 825 585 343 098
038 801 561 319 073
014 *991 777 753 537 513 295 270 048 024
20 21 22 23 24
596 496 395 293 189
586 486 385 283 179
576 476 375 272 168
566 466 365 262 158
556 456 354 252 147
546 446 344 241 137
536 436 334 231 126
526 425 324 221 116
516 415 313 210 105
506 405 303 200 095
70 71 72 73 74
0.88999 751 499 244 0.87987
974 725 474 218 961
950 700 448 193 935
925 675 423 167 910
900 650 397 141 884
875 625 372 116 858
850 600 346 090 832
825 574 321 064 806
801 549 296 039 780
25 26 27 28 29
084 0.96978 870 760 648
073 967 859 749 637
063 957 848 738 625
052 946 837 727 614
042 935 826 715 603
031 924 815 704 591
020 914 804 693 580
010 903 793 682 568
*999 *988 892 881 782 771 671 659 557 546
75 76 77 78 79
728 465 199 0.86929 656
702 439 172 902 629
676 412 145 875 601
650 386 118 847 574
623 359 092 820 546
597 332 065 793 518
571 306 038 766 491
545 518 492 279 252 226 011 *984 *957 738 711 684 463 435 408
30 31 32 33 34
534 418 296 170 041
522 406 284 157 028
511 394 271 144 015
499 382 259 132 002
488 370 246 119 *988
476 358 234 106 *975
464 346 221 093 *962
453 334 209 080 *948
441 429 321 309 196 183 067 054 *935 *921
80 81 82 83 84
380 100 0.85817 531 240
352 072 789 502 211
324 044 760 473 181
296 015 732 444 152
269 *987 703 415 122
241 *959 674 386 093
213 *931 646 357 063
185 157 129 *902 *874 *846 617 588 560 328 299 270 033 004 *974
35 36 37 38 39
0.95908 770 628 482 332
894 756 614 467 317
881 742 599 452 302
867 728 585 437 286
854 714 570 423 271
840 700 556 408 256
826 685 541 393 240
812 671 526 378 225
784 643 497 347 194
85 86 87 88 89
0.84944 642 336 025 0.83707
914 612 305 *994 675
884 581 274 *962 643
854 551 243 *930 610
824 520 212 *899 578
794 490 181 *867 545
764 459 150 *835 513
734 703 673 428 398 367 119 088 056 *803 *771 *739 480 447 415
40 41 42 43 44
178 020 0.94858 693 524
162 004 842 676 507
147 *988 825 660 490
131 *972 809 643 473
115 *956 792 626 455
100 *940 776 609 438
084 *923 759 592 421
068 *907 743 575 403
052 036 *891 *875 726 710 558 541 386 369
90 91 92 93 94
382 049 0.82705 351 0.81984
349 315 282 249 216 183 150 116 083 015 *981 *947 *913 *879 *845 *810 *776 *741 670 635 600 565 529 494 458 423 387 315 279 243 206 170 133 096 059 022 947 909 871 834 796 757 719 681 642
45 46 47 48 49
351 174 0.93993 808 619
334 156 975 789 600
316 138 956 771 581
298 120 938 752 562
281 102 920 733 543
263 084 901 714 523
245 066 883 695 504
228 048 864 676 485
95 96 97 98 99
603 206 0.80792 356 0.79889
564 165 750 311 841
100
389
*Indicates change in first two decimal places.
798 657 512 362 209
210 030 845 657 465
192 011 827 638 446
525 125 707 265 792
486 084 664 219 743
446 042 620 173 693
407 001 577 127 643
367 *960 533 080 593
273 062 849 631 410
252 041 827 610 388
231 020 806 588 366
188 165 143 *962 *939 *916 733 710 687 503 480 457 272 249 225
776 524 270 013 754
327 287 247 *918 *876 *834 489 445 401 033 *985 *937 543 492 441
2-120
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-115 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) %
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C
30 °C
0 1 2 3 4
0.9999 0.9982 0.9967 0.9952 0.9939
0.9991 0.9974 0.9960 0.9944 0.9929
0.9957 0.9940 0.9924 0.9908 0.9893
20 21 22 23 24
0.9789 0.9776 0.9763 0.9748 0.9733
0.9723 0.9705 0.9688 0.9670 0.9651
0.9643 0.9622 0.9602 0.9583 0.9563
40 41 42 43 44
0.9430 0.9411 0.9391 0.9371 0.9352
0.9331 0.9310 0.9290 0.9269 0.9248
0.9226 0.9205 0.9184 0.9164 0.9143
60 61 62 63 64
0.9033 0.9013 0.8994 0.8974 0.8954
0.8922 0.8902 0.8882 0.8861 0.8841
0.8807 0.8786 0.8766 0.8745 0.8724
80 81 82 83 84
0.8634 0.8614 0.8594 0.8574 0.8554
0.8516 0.8496 0.8475 0.8454 0.8434
0.8394 0.8373 0.8352 0.8332 0.8311
5 6 7 8 9
0.9926 0.9914 0.9904 0.9894 0.9883
0.9915 0.9902 0.9890 0.9877 0.9864
0.9877 0.9862 0.9848 0.9834 0.9819
25 26 27 28 29
0.9717 0.9700 0.9682 0.9664 0.9646
0.9633 0.9614 0.9594 0.9576 0.9556
0.9543 0.9522 0.9501 0.9481 0.9460
45 46 47 48 49
0.9332 0.9311 0.9291 0.9272 0.9252
0.9228 0.9207 0.9186 0.9165 0.9145
0.9122 0.9100 0.9079 0.9057 0.9036
65 66 67 68 69
0.8934 0.8913 0.8894 0.8874 0.8854
0.8820 0.8800 0.8779 0.8759 0.8739
0.8703 0.8682 0.8662 0.8641 0.8620
85 86 87 88 89
0.8534 0.8513 0.8492 0.8471 0.8450
0.8413 0.8393 0.8372 0.8351 0.8330
0.8290 0.8269 0.8248 0.8227 0.8206
10 11 12 13 14
0.9874 0.9865 0.9857 0.9849 0.9841
0.9852 0.9840 0.9828 0.9817 0.9806
0.9804 0.9790 0.9775 0.9760 0.9746
30 31 32 33 34
0.9627 0.9608 0.9589 0.9570 0.9550
0.9535 0.9516 0.9495 0.9474 0.9454
0.9439 0.9418 0.9396 0.9375 0.9354
50 51 52 53 54
0.9232 0.9213 0.9192 0.9173 0.9153
0.9124 0.9104 0.9084 0.9064 0.9044
0.9015 0.8994 0.8973 0.8952 0.8931
70 71 72 73 74
0.8835 0.8815 0.8795 0.8776 0.8756
0.8719 0.8700 0.8680 0.8659 0.8639
0.8600 0.8580 0.8559 0.8539 0.8518
90 91 92 93 94
0.8429 0.8408 0.8387 0.8364 0.8342
0.8308 0.8287 0.8266 0.8244 0.8221
0.8185 0.8164 0.8142 0.8120 0.8098
15 16 17 18 19
0.9833 0.9825 0.9817 0.9808 0.9800
0.9793 0.9780 0.9768 0.9752 0.9739
0.9730 0.9714 0.9698 0.9680 0.9661
35 36 37 38 39
0.9530 0.9511 0.9491 0.9471 0.9450
0.9434 0.9413 0.9392 0.9372 0.9351
0.9333 0.9312 0.9289 0.9269 0.9247
55 56 57 58 59
0.9132 0.9112 0.9093 0.9073 0.9053
0.9023 0.9003 0.8983 0.8963 0.8942
0.8911 0.8890 0.8869 0.8849 0.8828
75 76 77 78 79
0.8736 0.8716 0.8695 0.8675 0.8655
0.8618 0.8598 0.8577 0.8556 0.8536
0.8497 0.8477 0.8456 0.8435 0.8414
95 96 97 98 99
0.8320 0.8296 0.8272 0.8248 0.8222
0.8199 0.8176 0.8153 0.8128 0.8104
0.8077 0.8054 0.8031 0.8008 0.7984
100
0.8194
0.8077
0.7958
TABLE 2-116
Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH)
%
0 °C
15 °C*
15 °C*
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C*
20 °C
30 °C
%
0 °C
15 °C*
15 °C*
20 °C
30 °C
0 1 2 3 4
0.9999 0.9980 0.9962 0.9946 0.9930
0.9991 0.9973 0.9956 0.9938 0.9922
0.99913 0.9972 0.9954 0.9936 0.9920
0.9982 0.9962 0.9944 0.9926 0.9909
0.9957 0.9939 0.9921 0.9904 0.9887
35 36 37 38 39
0.9557 0.9536 0.9514 0.9493 0.9472
15 °C*
0.9446 0.9424 0.9401 0.9379 0.9356
0.9419 0.9399 0.9377 0.9355 0.9333
0.9338 0.9315 0.9292 0.9269 0.9246
70 71 72 73 74
0.8761 0.8738 0.8714 0.8691 0.8668
0.8639 0.8615 0.8592 0.8568 0.8545
0.86346 0.8611 0.8588 0.8564 0.8541
0.8584 0.8560 0.8537 0.8513 0.8489
0.8511 0.8487 0.8464 0.8440 0.8416
5 6 7 8 9
0.9916 0.9902 0.9890 0.9878 0.9866
0.9906 0.9892 0.9878 0.9864 0.9851
0.9904 0.9890 0.9875 0.9862 0.9849
0.9893 0.9877 0.9862 0.9847 0.9833
0.9871 0.9855 0.9839 0.9824 0.9809
40 41 42 43 44
0.9450 0.9428 0.9406 0.9384 0.9361
0.93333 0.9311 0.9288 0.9266 0.9243
0.9310 0.9287 0.9264 0.9239 0.9215
0.9224 0.9201 0.9177 0.9154 0.9130
75 76 77 78 79
0.8644 0.8621 0.8598 0.8575 0.8551
0.8521 0.8497 0.8474 0.8450 0.8426
0.8517 0.8493 0.8470 0.8446 0.8422
0.8464 0.8439 0.8415 0.8391 0.8366
0.8392 0.8368 0.8344 0.8321 0.8297
10 11 12 13 14
0.9856 0.9846 0.9838 0.9829 0.9821
0.9838 0.9826 0.9813 0.9802 0.9790
0.98362 0.9824 0.9812 0.9800 0.9788
0.9820 0.9808 0.9797 0.9876 0.9776
0.9794 0.9778 0.9764 0.9750 0.9735
45 46 47 48 49
0.9338 0.9315 0.9292 0.9270 0.9247
0.9220 0.9197 0.9174 0.9150 0.9127
0.9191 0.9165 0.9141 0.9117 0.9093
0.9106 0.9082 0.9059 0.9036 0.9013
80 81 82 83 84
0.8528 0.8503 0.8479 0.8456 0.8432
0.8403 0.8379 0.8355 0.8331 0.8307
0.83979 0.8374 0.8350 0.8326 0.8302
0.8342 0.8317 0.8292 0.8268 0.8243
0.8273 0.8248 0.8224 0.8200 0.8175
15 16 17 18 19
0.9814 0.9806 0.9799 0.9792 0.9784
0.9779 0.9768 0.9756 0.9745 0.9730
0.9777 0.9765 0.9753 0.9741 0.9728
0.9765 0.9754 0.9743 0.9731 0.9717
0.9720 0.9705 0.9690 0.9675 0.9658
50 51 52 53 54
0.9224 0.9201 0.9178 0.9155 0.9132
0.91043 0.9081 0.9058 0.9035 0.9011
0.9069 0.9044 0.9020 0.8996 0.8971
0.8990 0.8966 0.8943 0.8919 0.8895
85 86 87 88 89
0.8408 0.8384 0.8360 0.8336 0.8311
0.8282 0.8259 0.8234 0.8209 0.8184
0.8278 0.8254 0.8229 0.8205 0.8180
0.8219 0.8194 0.8169 0.8145 0.8120
0.8151 0.8127 0.8201 0.8078 0.8053
20 21 22 23 24
0.9777 0.9768 0.9759 0.9749 0.9739
0.9719 0.9704 0.9690 0.9675 0.9660
0.97158 0.9703 0.9689 0.9674 0.9659
0.9703 0.9688 0.9669 0.9651 0.9634
0.9642 0.9624 0.9606 0.9587 0.9569
55 56 57 58 59
0.9109 0.9086 0.9063 0.9040 0.9017
0.8988 0.8964 0.8940 0.8917 0.8893
0.8946 0.8921 0.8896 0.8874 0.8850
0.8871 0.8847 0.8823 0.8800 0.8777
90 91 92 93 94
0.8287 0.8262 0.8237 0.8212 0.8186
0.8161 0.8136 0.8110 0.8085 0.8060
0.81553 0.8130 0.8104 0.8079 0.8052
0.8096 0.8072 0.8047 0.8023 0.7998
0.8029 0.8004 0.7979 0.7954 0.7929
25 26 27 28 29
0.9727 0.9714 0.9699 0.9684 0.9669
0.9643 0.9626 0.9608 0.9590 0.9570
0.9642 0.9624 0.9605 0.9586 0.9568
0.9615 0.9597 0.9577 0.9558 0.9540
0.9549 0.9529 0.9509 0.9488 0.9467
60 61 62 63 64
0.8994 0.8970 0.8947 0.8924 0.8901
0.8829 0.8805 0.8781
0.88690 0.8845 0.8821 0.8798 0.8775
0.8825 0.8800 0.8776 0.8751 0.8727
0.8752 0.8728 0.8704 0.8680 0.8656
95 96 97 98 99
0.8160 0.8133 0.8106 0.8078 0.8048
0.8034 0.8008 0.7981 0.7954 0.7926
0.8026 0.7999 0.7972 0.7945 0.7918
0.7973 0.7949 0.7925 0.7901 0.7877
0.7904 0.7878 0.7852 0.7826 0.7799
30 31 32 33 34
0.9652 0.9634 0.9615 0.9596 0.9577
0.9551
0.95493 0.9530 0.9510 0.9489 0.9468
0.9520 0.9500 0.9481 0.9460 0.9440
0.9446 0.9426 0.9405 0.9383 0.9361
65 66 67 68 69
0.8878 0.8854 0.8831 0.8807 0.8784
0.8757 0.8733 0.8710 0.8686 0.8662
0.8752 0.8728 0.8705 0.8682 0.8658
0.8702 0.8679 0.8656 0.8632 0.8609
0.8631 0.8607 0.8583 0.8559 0.8535
100
0.8016
0.7896
0.78913
0.7854
0.7770
*Two different observers; see International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 120.
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-117
2-121
Glycerol*
Glycerol, % 15 °C
Density 15.5 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
Glycerol, % 15 °C
Density 15.5 °C
20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
Glycerol, % 15 °C
Density 20 °C
25 °C
30 °C
100 99 98 97 96
1.26415 1.26160 1.25900 1.25645 1.25385
1.26381 1.26125 1.25865 1.25610 1.25350
1.26108 1.25850 1.25590 1.25335 1.25080
1.15802 1.25545 1.25290 1.25030 1.24770
1.25495 1.25235 1.24975 1.24710 1.24450
65 64 63 62 61
1.17030 1.16755 1.16480 1.16200 1.15925
1.17000 1.16725 1.16445 1.16170 1.15895
1.16750 1.16475 1.16205 1.15930 1.15655
1.16475 1.16200 1.15925 1.15655 1.15380
1.16195 1.15925 1.15650 1.15375 1.15100
30 29 28 27 26
1.07455 1.07195 1.06935 1.06670 1.06410
1.07435 1.07175 1.06915 1.06655 1.06390
1.07270 1.07010 1.06755 1.06495 1.06240
1.07070 1.06815 1.06560 1.06305 1.06055
1.06855 1.06605 1.06355 1.06105 1.05855
95 94 93 92 91
1.25130 1.24865 1.24600 1.24340 1.24075
1.25095 1.24830 1.24565 1.24305 1.24040
1.24825 1.24560 1.24300 1.24035 1.23770
1.24515 1.24250 1.23985 1.23725 1.23460
1.24190 1.23930 1.23670 1.23410 1.23150
60 59 58 57 56
1.15650 1.15370 1.15095 1.14815 1.14535
1.15615 1.15340 1.15065 1.14785 1.14510
1.15380 1.15105 1.14830 1.14555 1.14280
1.15105 1.14835 1.14560 1.14285 1.14015
1.14830 1.14555 1.14285 1.14010 1.13740
25 24 23 22 21
1.06150 1.05885 1.05625 1.05365 1.05100
1.06130 1.05870 1.05610 1.05350 1.05090
1.05980 1.05720 1.05465 1.05205 1.04950
1.05800 1.05545 1.05290 1.05035 1.04780
1.05605 1.05350 1.05100 1.04850 1.04600
90 89 88 87 86
1.23810 1.23545 1.23280 1.23015 1.22750
1.23775 1.23510 1.23245 1.22980 1.22710
1.23510 1.23245 1.22975 1.22710 1.22445
1.23200 1.22935 1.22665 1.22400 1.22135
1.22890 1.22625 1.22360 1.22095 1.21830
55 54 53 52 51
1.14260 1.13980 1.13705 1.13425 1.13150
1.14230 1.13955 1.13680 1.13400 1.13125
1.14005 1.13730 1.13455 1.13180 1.12905
1.13740 1.13465 1.13195 1.12920 1.12650
1.13470 1.13195 1.12925 1.12650 1.12380
20 19 18 17 16
1.04840 1.04590 1.04335 1.04085 1.03835
1.04825 1.04575 1.04325 1.04075 1.03825
1.04690 1.04440 1.04195 1.03945 1.03695
1.04525 1.04280 1.04035 1.03790 1.03545
1.04350 1.04105 1.03860 1.03615 1.03370
85 84 83 82 81
1.22485 1.22220 1.21955 1.21690 1.21425
1.22445 1.22180 1.21915 1.21650 1.21385
1.22180 1.21915 1.21650 1.21380 1.21115
1.21870 1.21605 1.21340 1.21075 1.20810
1.21565 1.21300 1.21035 1.20770 1.20505
50 49 48 47 46
1.12870 1.12600 1.12325 1.12055 1.11780
1.12845 1.12575 1.12305 1.12030 1.11760
1.12630 1.12360 1.12090 1.11820 1.11550
1.12375 1.12110 1.11840 1.11575 1.11310
1.12110 1.11845 1.11580 1.11320 1.11055
15 14 13 12 11
1.03580 1.03330 1.03080 1.02830 1.02575
1.03570 1.03320 1.03070 1.02820 1.02565
1.03450 1.03200 1.02955 1.02705 1.02455
1.03300 1.03055 1.02805 1.02560 1.02315
1.03130 1.02885 1.02640 1.02395 1.02150
80 79 78 77 76
1.21160 1.20885 1.20610 1.20335 1.20060
1.21120 1.20845 1.20570 1.20300 1.20025
1.20850 1.20575 1.20305 1.20030 1.19760
1.20545 1.20275 1.20005 1.19735 1.19465
1.20240 1.19970 1.19705 1.19435 1.19170
45 44 43 42 41
1.11510 1.11235 1.10960 1.10690 1.10415
1.11490 1.11215 1.10945 1.10670 1.10400
1.11280 1.11010 1.10740 1.10470 1.10200
1.11040 1.10775 1.10510 1.10240 1.09975
1.10795 1.10530 1.10265 1.10005 1.09740
10 9 8 7 6
1.02325 1.02085 1.01840 1.01600 1.01360
1.02315 1.02075 1.01835 1.01590 1.01350
1.02210 1.01970 1.01730 1.01495 1.01255
1.02070 1.01835 1.01600 1.01360 1.01125
1.01905 1.01670 1.01440 1.01205 1.00970
75 74 73 72 71
1.19785 1.19510 1.19235 1.18965 1.18690
1.19750 1.19480 1.19205 1.18930 1.18655
1.19485 1.19215 1.18940 1.18670 1.18395
1.19195 1.18925 1.18650 1.18380 1.18110
1.18900 1.18635 1.18365 1.18100 1.17830
40 39 38 37 36
1.10145 1.09875 1.09605 1.09340 1.09070
1.10130 1.09860 1.09590 1.09320 1.09050
1.09930 1.09665 1.09400 1.09135 1.08865
1.09710 1.09445 1.09180 1.08915 1.08655
1.09475 1.09215 1.08955 1.08690 1.08430
5 4 3 2 1
1.01120 1.00875 1.00635 1.00395 1.00155
1.01110 1.00870 1.00630 1.00385 1.00145
1.01015 1.00780 1.00540 1.00300 1.00060
1.00890 1.00655 1.00415 1.00180 0.99945
1.00735 1.00505 1.00270 1.00035 0.99800
70 69 68 67 66
1.18415 1.18135 1.17860 1.17585 1.17305
1.18385 1.18105 1.17830 1.17555 1.17275
1.18125 1.17850 1.17575 1.17300 1.17025
1.17840 1.17565 1.17295 1.17020 1.16745
1.17565 1.17290 1.17020 1.16745 1.16470
35 34 33 32 31
1.08800 1.08530 1.08265 1.07995 1.07725
1.08780 1.08515 1.08245 1.07975 1.07705
1.08600 1.08335 1.08070 1.07800 1.07535
1.08390 1.08125 1.07860 1.07600 1.07335
1.08165 1.07905 1.07645 1.07380 1.07120
0
0.99913 0.99905 0.99823 0.99708 0.99568
*Bosart and Snoddy, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, (1928): 1378.
TABLE 2-118
Hydrazine (N2H4)*
%
d 15 4
%
d 15 4
1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
1.0002 1.0013 1.0034 1.0077 1.0121 1.0164 1.0207 1.0248 1.0286
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1.0305 1.038 1.044 1.047 1.046 1.040 1.030 1.011
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 55.
15.5 °C
2-122
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-119
Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds*
d, dw, and ds are the density of the solution, pure water, and pure liquid solute, respectively, all in g/mL. ps is the wt % solute. 0.03255 means 2.55 × 10−4. Section A Name
Formula
t, °C
Acetaldehyde Acetamide
C2H4O C2H5NO
Acetone
C3H6O
Acetonitrile Allyl alcohol Benzenepentacarboxylic acid Butyl alcohol (n-)
C2H3N C3H6O C11H6O10 C4H10O
Butyric acid (n-)
C4H8O2
Chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Chloroacetic acid
C2H3ClO2
Citric acid (hydrate)
C6H3O7 + H2O
Dichloroacetic acid
C2H2Cl2O2
Diethylamine hydrochloride Ethylamine hydrochloride
C4H12ClN C2H8ClN
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
Ethyl ether tartrate Formaldehyde Formamide
C4H10O C8H14O6 CH2O CH3NO
Furfural Isoamyl alcohol
C5H4O2 C5H12O
Isobutyl alcohol
C4H10O
Isobutyric acid
C4H8O2
Isovaleric acid Lactic acid Maleic acid
C5H10O2 C3H6O C4H4O4
Malic acid
C4H6O5
Malonic acid Methyl acetate
C3H4O4 C3H6O2
glucoside (α-)
C7H14O6
Nicotine Nitrophenol (p-)
C10H14N2 C6H5NO3
Oxalic acid
C2H2O4
Phenol
C6H6O
Phenylglycolic acid Picoline (α-) (β-)
C8H8O3 C6H7N C6H7N
Propionic acid
C3H6O2
Pyridine Resorcinol Succinic acid
C5H5N C6H6O2 C4H6O4
Tartaric acid (d, l, or dl)
C4H6O6
*From International Critical Tables, vol. 3, pp. 111–114.
18 15 0 4 15 20 25 15 0 25 20 18 25 0 15 30 20 25 18 20 25 21 21 0 15 20 25 15 15 25 20 25 20 15 20 15 18 25 25 25 25 20 25 20 20 0 30 20 15 0 15 17.5 20 25 15 80 25 25 25 18 25 25 18 25 15 17.5 20 30 40 50 60
d = d w + Aps + Bp s2 + Cp3s Range, ps
A
B
0– 30 0– 6 0–100 0–100 0–100 0–100 0–100 0– 16 0– 89 0– 0.6 0– 7.9 0– 10 0– 62 0– 70 0– 78 0– 90 0– 32 0– 86 0– 50 0– 30 0– 97 0– 36 0– 65 0–100 0– 6 0– 5 0– 4.5 0– 95 0– 40 22– 96 0– 8 0– 8 0– 2.5 0– 8 0– 8 0– 9 0– 9 0– 12 0– 5 0– 9 0– 40 0– 40 0– 40 0– 40 0– 20 26– 51 26– 51 0– 60 0– 1.5 0– 4 0– 4 0– 9 0– 4 0– 4 0– 5 0– 65 0– 11 0– 70 0– 60 0– 10 0– 40 0– 60 0– 52 0– 5.5 0– 15 0– 50 0– 50 0– 50 0– 50 0– 50 0– 50
+0.03255 +0.03639 −0.03856 −0.027648 −0.021009 −0.021233 −0.021171 −0.021175 −0.033729 +0.025615 −0.021651 +0.03414 +0.035135 +0.024489 +0.024455 +0.024401 +0.023648 +0.023602 +0.023824 +0.024427 +0.024427 +0.0334 +0.021193 +0.021483 +0.02133 −0.02221 −0.02221 +0.022367 +0.022518 +0.021217 +0.021827 +0.021664 +0.02155 −0.02146 −0.02169 +0.0352 +0.0345 +0.0337 +0.03253 +0.02231 +0.0234 +0.023933 +0.023736 +0.02389 +0.0340 +0.023336 +0.023151 +0.03642 +0.023216 +0.025898 +0.02494 +0.02494 +0.025264 +0.025108 +0.02111 +0.03462 +0.02207 −0.04386 −0.04683 +0.0395 +0.039245 +0.03229 +0.02201 +0.02304 +0.024482 +0.024455 +0.024432 +0.024335 +0.024265 +0.024205 +0.024155
−0.0516 +0.04171 −0.05449 −0.041193 −0.059682 −0.053529 −0.05904 −0.042024 −0.041232 −0.02117 +0.04285 +0.04131 −0.04166 +0.042802 +0.042198 +0.041887 +0.05302 +0.05552 +0.041141 +0.05537 +0.05537 +0.0676 −0.05307 +0.052992 −0.05108 +0.0448 +0.0435 +0.05358 −0.05658 +0.053199 +0.05366 +0.0421 +0.043 +0.056 +0.0438
−0.04282 +0.05186 +0.0575 +0.05957 +0.04175 +0.041066 −0.0574 +0.05996 +0.05975 +0.05454 −0.0455 −0.033185 −0.058 −0.058 −0.031996 −0.031607 −0.04283 −0.0686 +0.0423 −0.051405 −0.0513 −0.04172 −0.0599 −0.05204 +0.05519 +0.04185 +0.04185 +0.041837 +0.04185 +0.04185 +0.04185 +0.04185
C
−0.07588 +0.08272 −0.08624 −0.075327 −0.0856 +0.072984
+0.0611 −0.071291 +0.074366 +0.076549 +0.0722 +0.0717 +0.077534 +0.077534 −0.0747 −0.075248
−0.076005 +0.06542 −0.072529
+0.01544 +0.08978 −0.07687 +0.0441 +0.04254 +0.04208
−0.074167 +0.07361 −0.0828 −0.0819
DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS TABLE 2-119
Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic Compounds (Concluded) d = d w + Aps + Bp s2 + Cp3s (Cont.)
Section A Name
t, °C
Formula
Tetraethyl ammonium chloride Thiourea
C8H20ClN CH4N2S
Trichloroacetic acid
C2HCl3O2
Triethylamine hydrochloride
C6H16ClN
Trimethyl carbinol
C4H10O
Urea
CH4N2O
Urethane Valeric acid (n-)
C3H7NO2 C5H10O2
21 15 12.5 20 25 21 20 25 14.8 18 20 25 20 25
Section B Name
Formula
Butyl alcohol (n-) Butyric acid (n-) Ethyl ether
C4H10O C4H8O2 C4H10O
Isobutyl alcohol
C4H10O
Isobutyric acid Nicotine Picoline (α-) (β-) Pyridine Trimethyl carbinol
C4H8O2 C10H14N2 C6H7N C6H7N C5H5N C4H10O
C3H6O C4H10O
Chloral hydrate
C2H3Cl3O2
Ethyl tartrate
C7H14O6
Furfural
C5H4O2
Pyridine
C5H5N
A
B
C
0–63 0–7 0–61 10–30 0–94 0–54 0–100 0–100 0–12 0–51 0–35 0–10 0–56 0–3
+0.031884 +0.022995 +0.02499 +0.025053 +0.025051 +0.046 −0.02117 −0.021286 +0.023213 +0.022718 +0.022702 +0.022728 +0.021278 +0.0334
+0.056 +0.05374 +0.04153 +0.041387 +0.056119 +0.05558 −0.041908 −0.04176 −0.044802 +0.051552 +0.053712 −0.041817 −0.05245 −0.0427
+0.07122
t, °C
Range, p w
A
B
20 25 25 0 15 26 20 25 25 25 20
0–20 0–38 0– 1.1 0–14 0–16 0–80 0–40 0–30 0–40 0–40 0–20
+0.022103 +0.021854 +0.0234 +0.022437 +0.02224 +0.021808 +0.02199 +0.022715 +0.021925 +0.021157 +0.022287
−0.04113 −0.042314 +0.0336 −0.04285 −0.04129 −0.042358 −0.04331 −0.04393 −0.04352 −0.05536 +0.05275
+0.061038 −0.0869 +0.07957 +0.07887 +0.051216 +0.072573 −0.072285 +0.051379 −0.073437
d = ds + Apw + Bp 2w + Cp 3w
ds
C
+0.061253 +0.07315 +0.0625 −0.062
dt = do + At + Bt2
ps
do
Range, °C
A
B
76.60 80.95 2.00 10.00 5.00 10.00 25.00 4.62 5.69 6.56 9.34 21.20 29.50 40.40
0.9122 0.8614 1.0094 1.0476 1.0150 1.0270 1.0665 1.0125 1.0140 1.0155 1.0055 1.0115 1.0145 1.0182
0–45 0–43 7–80 7–80 15–80 15–80 15–80 22–74 22–74 22–74 11–73 14–73 12–72 9–74
−0.038 −0.037292 −0.042597 −0.047955 −0.032103 −0.032116 −0.03401 −0.03232 −0.03221 −0.03211 −0.03171 −0.03378 −0.03463 −0.03605
−0.0527 −0.0675 −0.054313 −0.054253 −0.052544 −0.062929 −0.0523 −0.05254 −0.05268 −0.05290 −0.053615 −0.05248 −0.05235 −0.05167
Formula
Allyl alcohol Butyl alcohol (n-)
Range, ps
0.8097 0.9534 0.7077 0.8170 0.8055 0.9425 1.0093 0.9404 0.9515 0.9776 0.7856 Section C
Name
2-123
2-124
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
DENSITIES OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS TABLE 2-120
Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids*
Water at 4 °C and normal atmospheric pressure taken as unity. For more detailed data on any material, see the section dealing with the properties of that material.
Sp. gr.
Aver. density lb/ft 3
Sp. gr.
Aver. density lb/ft 3
2.55–2.80 7.7 8.4–8.7 7.4–8.9 8.88
165 481 534 509 554
Timber, Air-dry Apple Ash, black white Birch, sweet, yellow Cedar, white, red
0.66–0.74 0.55 0.64–0.71 0.71–0.72 0.35
44 34 42 44 22
Copper, cast-rolled ore, pyrites German silver Gold, cast-hammered coin (U.S.)
8.8–8.95 4.1–4.3 8.58 19.25–19.35 17.18–17.2
556 262 536 1205 1073
Cherry, wild red Chestnut Cypress Elm, white Fir, Douglas
0.43 0.48 0.45–0.48 0.56 0.48–0.55
27 30 29 35 32
Iridium Iron, gray cast cast, pig wrought spiegeleisen
21.78–22.42 7.03–7.13 7.2 7.6–7.9 7.5
1383 442 450 485 468
balsam Hemlock Hickory Locust Mahogany
0.40 0.45–0.50 0.74–0.80 0.67–0.77 0.56–0.85
25 29 48 45 44
ferro-silicon ore, hematite ore, limonite ore, magnetite slag
6.7–7.3 5.2 3.6–4.0 4.9–5.2 2.5–3.0
437 325 237 315 172
Maple, sugar white Oak, chestnut live red, black
0.68 0.53 0.74 0.87 0.64–0.71
43 33 46 54 42
Lead ore, galena Manganese ore, pyrolusite Mercury
11.34 7.3–7.6 7.42 3.7–4.6 13.6
710 465 475 259 849
white Pine, Norway Oregon red Southern white
0.77 0.55 0.51 0.48 0.61–0.67 0.43
48 34 32 30 38–42 27
8.97 8.9 21.5 10.4–10.6 7.83 7.80 7.70–7.73 7.2–7.5 6.4–7.0 19.22
555 537 1330 656 489 487 481 459 418 1200
Poplar Redwood, California Spruce, white, red Teak, African Indian Walnut, black Willow
0.43 0.42 0.45 0.99 0.66–0.88 0.59 0.42–0.50
27 26 28 62 48 37 28
6.9–7.2 3.9–4.2
440 253
Various Solids Cereals, oats, bulk barley, bulk corn, rye, bulk wheat, bulk Cork
49 50 75 94 112
26 39 45 48 15
0.789 0.796 1.20 1.50 1.80
0.51 0.62 0.73 0.77 0.22–0.26
Various Liquids Alcohol, ethyl (100%) methyl (100%) Acid, muriatic, 40% nitric, 91% sulfuric, 87% Chloroform Ether Lye, soda, 66% Oils, vegetable mineral, lubricants
1.500 0.736 1.70 0.91–0.94 0.88–0.94
95 46 106 58 57
Cotton, flax, hemp Fats Flour, loose pressed Glass, common
1.47–1.50 0.90–0.97 0.40–0.50 0.70–0.80 2.40–2.80
93 58 28 47 162
2.45–2.72 2.90–3.00 3.2–4.7 0.32 0.86–1.02
161 184 247 20 59
54 62.428 59.830 56 8
plate or crown crystal dint Hay and straw, bales Leather
0.861–0.867 1.0 0.9584 0.88–0.92 0.125
Paper Potatoes, piled Rubber, caoutchouc goods Salt, granulated, piled
0.70–1.15 0.67 0.92–0.96 1.0–2.0 0.77
58 44 59 94 48
Saltpeter Starch Sulfur Wool
1.07 1.53 1.93–2.07 1.32
67 96 125 82
Substance Metals, Alloys, Ores Aluminum, cast-hammered bronze Brass, cast-rolled Bronze, 7.9 to 14% Sn phosphor
Monel metal, rolled Nickel Platinum, cast-hammered Silver, cast-hammered Steel, cold-drawn machine tool Tin, cast-hammered cassiterite Tungsten Zinc, cast-rolled blende
Substance
Turpentine Water, 4°C max. density 100°C ice snow, fresh fallen sea water
1.02–1.03
64
Ashlar Masonry Bluestone Granite, syenite, gneiss Limestone Marble Sandstone
2.3–2.6 2.4–2.7 2.1–2.8 2.4–2.8 2.0–2.6
153 159 153 162 143
Rubble Masonry Bluestone Granite, syenite, gneiss Limestone Marble Sandstone
2.2–2.5 2.3–2.6 2.0–2.7 2.3–2.7 1.9–2.5
147 153 147 156 137
*From Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Sp. gr.
Aver. density lb/ft 3
Dry Rubble Masonry Granite, syenite, gneiss Limestone, marble Sandstone, bluestone
1.9–2.3 1.9–2.1 1.8–1.9
130 125 110
Brick Masonry Hard brick Medium brick Soft brick Sand-lime brick
1.8–2.3 1.6–2.0 1.4–1.9 1.4–2.2
128 112 103 112
Concrete Masonry Cement, stone, sand slag, etc. cinder, etc.
2.2–2.4 1.9–2.3 1.5–1.7
144 130 100
0.64–0.72 1.5 0.85–1.00 1.4–1.9 2.08–2.25
40–45 94 53–64 103 94–135
Portland cement Slags, bank slag bank screenings machine slag slag sand
3.1–3.2 1.1–1.2 1.5–1.9 1.5 0.8–0.9
196 67–72 98–117 96 49–55
Earth, etc., Excavated Clay, dry damp plastic and gravel, dry Earth, dry, loose dry, packed moist, loose moist, packed mud, flowing mud, packed Riprap, limestone
1.0 1.76 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.3–1.4
63 110 100 76 95 78 96 108 115 80–85
1.4 1.7 1.4–1.7 1.6–1.9 1.89–2.16
90 105 90–105 100–120 126
1.28 1.44 0.96 1.00 1.12 1.00
80 90 60 65 70 65
2.1–2.8 4.50 2.7–3.2 2.55 2.5–2.6
153 281 184 159 159
Borax Chalk Clay, marl Dolomite Feldspar, orthoclase
1.7–1.8 1.8–2.8 1.8–2.6 2.9 2.5–2.7
109 143 137 181 162
Gneiss Granite Greenstone, trap Gypsum, alabaster Hornblende Limestone Marble Magnesite Phosphate rock, apatite Porphyry
2.7–2.9 2.6–2.7 2.8–3.2 2.3–2.8 3.0 2.1–2.86 2.6–2.86 3.0 3.2 2.6–2.9
175 165 187 159 187 155 170 187 200 172
Substance
Various Building Materials Ashes, cinders Cement, Portland, loose Lime, gypsum, loose Mortar, lime, set Portland cement
Riprap, sandstone Riprap, shale Sand, gravel, dry, loose gravel, dry, packed gravel, wet Excavations in Water Clay River mud Sand or gravel and clay Soil Stone riprap Asbestos Barytes Basait Bauxite Bluestone
Minerals
SOLUBILITIES TABLE 2-120
2-125
Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids (Concluded)
Water at 4°C and normal atmospheric pressure taken as unity. For more detailed data on any material, see the section dealing with the properties of that material.
Substance
Substance
0.37–0.90 2.5–2.8 2.0–2.6 2.7–2.8 2.6–2.9
40 165 143 171 172
Bituminous Substances Asphaltum Coal, anthracite bituminous lignite peat, turf, dry
1.1–1.5 1.4–1.8 1.2–1.5 1.1–1.4 0.65–0.85
81 97 84 78 47
2.6–2.8 2.6–2.7
169 165
1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5
96 107 95 82 92
charcoal, pine charcoal, oak coke Graphite Paraffin
0.28–0.44 0.47–0.57 1.0–1.4 1.64–2.7 0.87–0.91
23 33 75 135 56
Sp. gr.
Minerals (Cont.) Pumice, natural Quartz, flint Sandstone Serpentine Shale, slate Soapstone, talc Syenite Stone, Quarried, Piled Basalt, granite, gneiss Greenstone, hornblende Limestone, marble, quartz Sandstone Shale NOTE:
Aver. density lb/ft3
Sp. gr.
Aver. density lb/ft 3
Substance
Sp. gr.
Aver. density lb/ft3
Bituminous Substances (Cont.) Petroleum refined (kerosene) benzine gasoline Pitch Tar, bituminous
0.87 0.78–0.82 0.73–0.75 0.70–0.75 1.07–1.15 1.20
54 50 46 45 69 75
Coal and Coke, Piled Coal, anthracite bituminous, lignite peat, turf charcoal coke
0.75–0.93 0.64–0.87 0.32–0.42 0.16–0.23 0.37–0.51
47–58 40–54 20–26 10–14 23–32
To convert pounds per cubic foot to kilograms per cubic meter, multiply by 16.02. °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32.
TABLE 2-121
Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a Function of Temperature Element symbol
Temperature, K*
Al
Be†
Cr
Cu
Au
Ir
Fe
Pb
Mo
Ni
Pt
Ag
Zn†
50 100 150 200 250
2736 2732 2726 2719 2710
3650 3640 3630 3620 3610
7160 7155 7150 7145 7140
9019 9009 8992 8973 8951
19,490 19,460 19,420 19,380 19,340
22,600 22,580 22,560 22,540 22,520
7910 7900 7890 7880 7870
11,570 11,520 11,470 11,430 11,380
10,260 10,260 10,250 10,250 10,250
8960 8950 8940 8930 8910
21,570 21,550 21,530 21,500 21,470
10,620 10,600 10,575 10,550 10,520
7280 7260 7230 7200 7170
300 400 500 600 800
2701 2681 2661 2639 2591
3600 3580 3555 3530
7135 7120 7110 7080 7040
8930 8885 8837 8787 8686
19,300 19,210 19,130 19,040 18,860
22,500 22,450 22,410 22,360 22,250
7860 7830 7800 7760 7690
11,330 11,230 11,130 11,010 10,430
10,240 10,220 10,210 10,190 10,160
8900 8860 8820 8780 8690
21,450 21,380 21,330 21,270 21,140
10,490 10,430 10,360 10,300 10,160
7135 7070 7000 6935 6430
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
2365 2305 2255
7000 6945 6890 6760 6700
8568 8458 7920 7750 7600
18,660 18,440 17,230 16,950
22,140 22,030 21,920 21,790 21,660
7650 7620 7520 7420 7320
10,190 9,940
10,120 10,080 10,040 10,000 9,950
8610 8510 8410 8320 7690
21,010 20,870 20,720 20,570 20,400
10,010 9,850 9,170 8,980
6260
21,510
7030
9,900
7450
20,220
2000
7460
NOTE:
Above the horizontal line the condensed phase is solid; below the line, it is liquid. *°R = 9⁄ 5 K. †Polycrystalline form tabulated. Similar tables for an additional 45 elements appear in the Handbook of Heat Transfer, 2d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984.
SOLUBILITIES UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32. To convert cubic centimeters to cubic feet, multiply by 3.532 × 10−5. To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 0.01934.
To convert grams per liter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 6.243 × 10−2. A database containing solubilities originally published in the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Solubility Data Series is now available at no cost online at http://srdata.nist.gov/solubility.
2-126
TABLE 2-122
Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures*
This table shows the grams of anhydrous substance that are soluble in 100 g of water at the temperature in degrees Celsius as indicated; when the name is followed by †, the value is expressed in grams of substance in 100 cm3 of saturated solution. Solid phase gives the hydrated form in equilibrium with the saturated solution. Solid phase
Substance
Formula
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Aluminum chloride sulfate Ammonium aluminum sulfate bicarbonate bromide chloride chloroplatinate chromate chromium sulfate dichromate dihydrogen phosphite hydrogen phosphate iodide magnesium phosphate manganese phosphate nitrate oxalate perchlorate† persulfate sulfate thiocyanate vanadate (meta) Antimonious fluoride sulfide Arsenic oxide Arsenious sulfide
AlCl3 Al2(SO4)3 (NH4)2Al2(SO4)4 NH4HCO3 NH4Br NH4Cl (NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2CrO4 (NH4)2Cr2(SO4)4 (NH4)2Cr2O7 NH4H2PO3 (NH4)2HPO4 NH4I NH4MgPO4 NH4MnPO4 NH4NO3 (NH4)2C2O4 NH4ClO4† (NH4)2S2O8 (NH4)2SO4 NH4CNS NH4VO3 SbF3 Sb2S3 As2O5 As2S3
27 28 29
Barium acetate acetate carbonate
Ba(C2H3O2)2 Ba(C2H3O2)2 BaCO3
3H2O 1H2O
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
chlorate chloride chromate hydroxide iodide iodide nitrate nitrite oxalate
Ba(ClO3)2 BaCl2 BaCrO4 Ba(OH)2 BaI2 BaI2 Ba(NO3)2 Ba(NO2)2 BaC2O4
1H2O 2H2O
3H2O
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
perchlorate sulfate Beryllium sulfate sulfate sulfate Boric acid Boron oxide Bromine Cadmium chloride chloride chloride cyanide hydroxide
Ba(ClO4)2 BaSO4 BeSO4 BeSO4 BeSO4 H3BO3 B2O3 Br2 CdCl2 CdCl2 CdCl2 Cd(CN)2 Cd(OH)2
52 53 54
sulfate Calcium acetate acetate
CdSO4 Ca(C2H3O2)2 Ca(C2H3O2)2
6H2O 18H2O 24H2O
0 °C 31.2 2.1 11.9 60.6 29.4
10 °C 33.5 4.99 15.8 68 33.3 0.7
10.7825°
24II2O 171 6H2O 7H2O 1H2O
154.2 0.023 118.3 2.2 11.56 58.2 70.6 119.8
163.2
3.1 73.0 144
384.7
8H2O 6H2O 2H2O
20 °C 69.8615° 36.4 7.74 21 75.5 37.2
59.5 5.17 × 10−5 at 18° 59
62.1 63 0.00168°
20.34 31.6 0.0002 1.67 170.2 5.0
1H2O
26.95 33.3 0.00028 2.48 185.7 7.0 0.00168°
205.8 1.15 × 10−4
2.0 × 10−4
19014.5° 13115 172.3 0.052 0 192 4.4 20.85 75.4 170 0.48 444.7 0.00017518° 65.8
4H2O 2aH2O 1H2O
2H2O 1H2O
76.48 37.4
40.4 10.94 27 83.2 41.4
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
90 °C
100 °C
46.1 14.88
52.2 20.10
59.2 26.70
66.1
73.0
80.8
89.0 109.796°
91.1 45.8
99.2 50.4
107.8 55.2
116.8 60.2
126 65.6
135.6 71.3
145.6 77.3 1.25
190.5 0.036 0 297.0 8.0 30.58
199.6 0.030
208.9 0.040 0 421.0
218.7 0.016 0.005 499.0
228.8 0.019 0.007 580.0
40.4 47.17 26031° 181.4 241.8 5.9 78.0 207.7 0.84 563.6
81.0
69.5
71.2
1.32
344.0 10.3
39.05
740.0
48.19
88.0 1.78
250.3 871.0 57.01
95.3
103.3
75.1
76.7
3.05 73.0
71 0.002218° 33.80 35.7 0.00037 3.89 203.1 9.2 67.5 0.002218° 289.1 2.4 × 10−4
6H2O 4H2O 2H2O 2.66 1.1 4.22 97.59 90.01
30 °C
3.57 1.5 3.4 125.1
5.04 2.2 3.20
135.1
134.5 1.715°
75 0.0024 at 24.2° 41.70 38.2 0.00046 5.59 219.6 11.6
79
77
74
74
49.61 40.7
43.6
66.81 46.4
49.4
8.22
13.12
231.9 14.2
17.1
358.7
426.3
20.94
75 84.84 52.4
104.9 58.8
101.4
247.3 20.3
261.0 27.0 205.8
271.7 34.2 300
0.0024 at 24.2° 2.85 × 10−4 52 43.78 6.60
495.2
562.3
60.67 46.74 8.72 4.0
62 11.54
14.81 6.2
16.73
84.76 23.75 9.5
83 98 30.38
100 110 40.25 15.7
3.13 132.1
76.00 36.0
76.60 34.7
135.3
136.5
140.4
147.0
2.6 × 10−4 at 25° 33.8
78.54 33.2
83.68 32.7
63.13
60.77
31.1
29.7
33.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Calcium bicarbonate chloride chloride fluoride hydroxide nitrate nitrate nitrate nitrite nitrite oxalate
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCl2 CaCl2 CaF2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO2)2 Ca(NO2)2 CaC2O4
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
sulfate Carbon dioxide, 760 mm ‡ monoxide, 760 mm ‡ Cesium chloride nitrate sulfate Chlorine, 760 mm ‡ Chromic anhydride Cuprio chloride nitrate nitrate sulfate sulfide
CaSO4 CO2 CO CsCl CsNO3 Cs2SO4 Cl2 CrO3 CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 CuSO4 CuS
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
Cuprous chloride Ferric chloride Ferrous chloride chloride nitrate sulfate sulfate Hydrobromic acid, 760 mm Hydrochloric acid, 760 mm Iodine Lead acetate bromide carbonate chloride chromate fluoride nitrate sulfate Magnesium bromide chloride hydroxide nitrate sulfate sulfate sulfate Manganous sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate Mercurous chloride Molybdic oxide Nickel chloride nitrate nitrate sulfate sulfate Nitric oxide, 760 mm Nitrous oxide
CuCl FeCl3 FeCl2 FeCl2 Fe(NO3)2 FeSO4 FeSO4 HBr HCl I2 Pb(C2H3O2)2 PbBr2 PbCO3 PbCl2 PbCrO4 PbF2 Pb(NO3)2 PbSO4 MgBr2 MgCl2 Mg(OH)2 Mg(NO3)2 MgSO4 MgSO4 MgSO4 MnSO4 MnSO4 MnSO4 MnSO4 HgCl MoO3 NiCl2 Ni(NO3)2 Ni(NO3)2 NiSO4 NiSO4 NO N2O
6H2O 2H2O 4H2O 3H2O
16.15 59.5 0.185 102.0
65.0 0.176 115.3
16.60 74.5 0.001618° 0.165 129.3
17.05
17.50
17.95
18.40
102 0.001726° 0.153 152.6
136.8 0.141 195.9 237.5
0.128
0.116
141.7 0.106
147.0 0.094
152.7 0.085
62.07
2H2O
0.1759 0.3346 0.0044 161.4 9.33 167.1 1.46 164.9 70.7 81.8
2H2O 6H2O 3H2O 5H2O
363.6
76.68 6.7 × 10−4 at 13° 0.1928 0.2318 0.0035 174.7 14.9 173.1 0.980 73.76 95.28
14.3
17.4
74.4
81.9 64.5
4H2O
6.8 × 10−4 at 25° 0.1688 0.0028 186.5 23.0 178.7 0.716 77.0 125.1 20.7 3.3 × 10−5 at 18° 1.5225° 91.8
9.5 × 10−4 at 50° 0.2090 0.1257 0.0024 197.3 33.9 184.1 0.562 80.34
14 × 10−4 at 95° 0.2097 0.0973 0.0021 208.0 47.2 189.9 0.451 174.0 83.8
25
159.8 28.5
33.3
77.3
315.1 82.5
73.0
0.0761 0.0018 218.5 64.4 194.9 0.386 182.1 87.44
132.6
151.9
0.2047 0.0576 0.0015 229.7 83.8 199.9 0.324
0.0013 239.5 107.0 205.0 0.274
244.8
0.1966 0.0010 250.0 134.0 210.3 0.219
91.2
99.2
178.8 40
207.8 55
88.7
525.8 100
0.0006 260.1 163.0 214.9 0.125 217.5
71.02 15.65
20.51
83.8 26.5
535.7
210.3
3H2O 0.4554 0.6728
6H2O 6H2O 6H2O 7H2O 6H2O 1H2O 7H2O 5H2O 4H2O 1H2O
38.8 0.0028 91.0 52.8
0.060 48.3 0.0035 94.5 53.5
40.2
67.3 0.04 55.0425° 1.15
63.3 0.056
171.5 59.6 0.078
0.85 0.00011 0.99 7 × 10−6 0.064 56.5 0.0041 96.5 54.5 0.000918°
1.53
1.94
2.36
3.34
4.75
1.20
1.45
1.70
1.98
2.62
3.34
0.068 66 0.0049 99.2
66.55 40.8 53.23
30.9 42.2 60.01 59.5
0.00014 2H2O 6H2O 6H2O 3H2O 7H2O 6H2O
32.9
198 0.029
53.9 79.58
59.5
35.5 44.5
40.8 45.3
62.9 64.5
67.76 66.44
0.0002 0.138 64.2 96.31
48.6
0.264 68.9
75 0.0056 101.6 57.5
0.00984
32 0.00757 0.1705
43.6
130
85
95
104.1
107.5 61.0
115
0.0007 0.476 73.3 122.2
38.8
113.7 66.0
84.74 45.6
68.8
37.3
56.1
120.2 73.0 137.0
50.4
53.5
59.5
64.2 62.9
69.0
74.0 68.3
72.6 58.17
55.0
52.0
48.0
42.5
34.0
0.687 78.3
1.206 82.2
2.055 85.2
163.1 27.22
105.8
165.6 50.9
221.2 82.3
0.1619 0 0 270.5 197.0 220.3 0 206.8 107.9 75.4
105.3 6H2O 7H2O 1H2O
0.077
281.5 358.7
4H2O 2H2O
159
2.106 87.6
169.1
235.1
42.46 0.00618 0.1211
0.00517
0.00440
50.15 0.00376
54.80 0.00324
59.44 0.00267
63.17 0.00199
0.00114
76.7 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62
2-127
*By N. A. Lange; abridged from “Table of Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures” in Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961 (except for NaCl, which is from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th ed., CRC Press, 2005). For tables of the solubility of gases in water at various temperatures, Atack (Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957) gives values at closer temperature intervals, usually 1 or 5 °C, than are tabulated here. For materials marked by ‡, additional data are given in tables subsequent to this one. For the solubility of various hydrocarbons in water at high pressures see J. Chem. Eng. Data, 4, 212 (1959).
2-128
TABLE 2-122
Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures (Continued)
Substance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
Potassium acetate acetate alum bicarbonate bisulfate bitartrate carbonate chlorate chloride chromate dichromate ferricyanide hydroxide hydroxide nitrate nitrite perchlorate permanganate persulfate† sulfate thiocyanate Silver cyanide nitrate sulfate Sodium acetate acetate bicarbonate carbonate carbonate chlorate chloride chromate chromate chromate dichromate dichromate dihydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen arsenate hydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide nitrate nitrite oxalate phosphate, tripyrophosphate sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfite sulfite tetraborate tetraborate vanadate (meta)
Formula KC2H3O2 KC2H3O2 K2SO4⋅Al2(SO4)3 KHCO3 KHSO4 KHC4H4O6 K2CO3 KClO3 KCl K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 K3Fe(CN)6 KOH KOH KNO3 KNO2 KClO4 KMnO4 K2S2O8† K2SO4 KCNS AgCN AgNO3 Ag2SO4 NaC2H3O2 NaC2H3O2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 Na2CO3 NaClO8 NaCl Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 Na2Cr2O7 Na2Cr2O7 NaH2PO4 NaH2PO4 NaH2PO4 Na2HAsO4 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 NaOH NaOH NaOH NaOH NaNO3 NaNO2 Na2C2O4 Na3PO4 Na4P2O7 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2S Na2S Na2S Na2SO3 Na2SO3 Na2B4O7 Na2B4O7 NaVO8
Solid phase 1aH2O aH2O 24H2O
2H2O
2H2O 1H2O
†
3H2O 10H2O 1H2O 10H2O 4H2O
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
216.7
233.9
255.6
3.0 22.4 36.3 0.32 105.5 3.3 27.6 58.2 5 31 97
4.0 27.7
5.9 33.2 51.4 0.53 110.5 7.4 34.0 61.7 12 43 112
0.40 108 5 31.0 60.0 7 36 103
13.3 278.8 0.75 2.83 1.62 7.35 177.0
20.9
122 0.573 36.3 119 6.9 7
170 0.695 40.8 121 8.15 12.5
31.6 298.4 1.80 6.4 4.49 11.11 217.5 2.2 × 10−5 222 0.796 46.5 123.5 9.6 21.5
79 35.65 31.70
89 35.72 50.17
101 35.89 88.7
2H2O
163.0
2H2O 1H2O
57.9
1.05 4.4 2.60 9.22
30 °C 283.8 8.39 39.1 0.90 113.7 10.5 37.0 63.4 20 50 126 45.8 2.6 9.0 7.19 12.97
40 °C
50 °C
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
90 °C
337.3 17.00
350 24.75 60.0
364.8 40.0
380.1 71.0
396.3 109.0
1.83 121.2 19.3 42.6 66.8 34
2.46 126.8 24.5 45.5 68.6 43 66
100 °C
323.3 11.70 45.4 67.3 1.32 116.9 14 40.0 65.2 26 60 63.9 334.9 4.4 12.56 9.89 14.76
140 85.5
110.0
48.3 70.4 52
138
4.6 139.8 38.5 51.1 72.1 61
169
147.5 54.0 73.9 70
202
6.5 16.89
9 22.2
11.8
14.8
18
16.50
18.17
19.75
21.4
22.8
1.22
669 1.30
300 0.888 54.5 126 11.1 38.8 50.5 113 36.09
376 0.979 65.5 129.5 12.7
455 1.08 83 134 14.45
525 1.15 139 139.5 16.4
48.5 126 36.37
140 36.69
46.4 155 37.04
88.7
95.96
104
114.6
177.8
133.1
244.8
146
153
172 37.46
45.8 189 37.93
123.0 316.7
124.8 376.2
1.36 161
38.47
121.6 6.95 155.7 57 56.7 75.6 80 82.6104 178 246 412.8 21.8 24.1 952 1.41 170 45.5 230 38.99 125.9 426.3
12H2O 12H2O 7H2O 2H2O
69.9
85.2
106.5
138.2
15.5 3.6
26.5 7.7
37 20.8
47
158.6 7.3 1.67
179.3 65
190.3
207.3 85
225.3
82.9
88.1
92.4
102.9
246.6
51.8 80.2
102.2 4H2O 3aH2O 1H2O
42 51.5 109
119
129
145
174
104 98.4
114 104.1
124
313
12H2O 10H2O 10H2O 7H2O 9H2O 5aH2O 6H2O 7H2O
73 72.1
80 78.0
1.5 3.16 5.0 19.5
4.1 3.95 9.0 30
88 84.5 3.7 11 6.23 19.4 44
15.42
18.8
22.5
20
26.9
36
13.9
96 91.6 20 9.95 40.8
31 13.50
43 17.45
55 21.83
81 30.04
347 180 163.2 6.33 108 40.26
48.8 28.5
46.7
45.3
43.7
42.5
39.82 36.4
42.69 39.1
28.2 10.5
28.8 20.3
28 10H2O 5H2O 2H2O
1.3
1.6
2.7 15.325°
3.9 30.2
68.4
148 132.6
45.73 43.31
51.40 49.14
24.4
31.5
59.23 57.28
28.3 41
52.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
TABLE 2-122
Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures (Concluded)
Substance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sodium vanadate (meta) Stannous chloride sulfate Strontium acetate acetate chloride chloride nitrate nitrate nitrate sulfate Sulfur dioxide, 760 mm† Thallium sulfate Thorium sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate Zinc chlorate chlorate nitrate nitrate sulfate sulfate sulfate
Formula NaVO3 SnCl2 SnSO4 Sr(C2H3O2)2 Sr(C2H3O2)2 SrCl2 SrCl2 Sr(NO3)2 Sr(NO3)2 Sr(NO3)2 SrSO4 SO2 Tl2SO4 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)2 ZnClO3 ZnClO3 Zn(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 ZnSO4 ZnSO4 ZnSO4
Solid phase
0 °C
10 °C
9H2O 8H2O 6H2O 4H2O 6H2O 4H2O 6H2O 3H2O 7H2O 6H2O 1H2O
36.9 43.5
43.61 42.95 47.7
52.7 40.1 0.0113 22.83 2.70 0.74 1.0 1.50 145.0
30 °C
21.1025° 269.815° 19
83.9 4H2O aH2O 6H2O 2H2O 1H2O 4H2O
20 °C
41.6 52.9
40 °C
0.0114 11.29 4.87 1.38 1.62 1.90
60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
32.97
36.9
38.875°
36.24
36.10
85.9
90.5
90 °C
100 °C
18 39.5 58.7
65.3
64.0 70.5 16.21 3.70 0.98 1.25
50 °C
26.23
88.6 0.0114 7.81 6.16 1.995
37.35 72.4
81.8
83.8
97.2
90.1 5.41 2.998
4.5 9.21 5.22
4.04
2.54
2.45
36.4 130.4
100.8 139
93.8
96
98
100
10.92
12.74
14.61
16.53
18.45
6.64 1.63
1.09
86.6
83.7
80.8
152.5 200.3 118.3
94.78
209.2
223.2
273.1
206.9 41.9
47
54.4 70.1
76.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
2-129
2-130
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-123
Solubility as a Function of Temperature and Henry’s Constant at 25°C for Gases in Water
Name
Formula
A
Acetylene Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Nitrogen Oxygen
C2H2 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 N2 O2
−156.51 −159.854 −171.764 −250.812 −153.027 −105.9768 −125.939 −338.217 −181.587 −171.2542
B 8,160.2 8,741.68 8,296.9 12,695.6 7,965.2 4,259.62 5,528.45 13,282.1 8,632.13 8,391.24
C
D
T range, K
H at 25 °C, atm
21.403 21.6694 23.3376 34.7413 20.5248 14.0094 16.8893 51.9144 24.7981 23.24323
0 −1.10261E-03 0 0 0 0 0 −0.0425831 0 0
274–343 273–353 273–353 275–323 287–346 273–348 273–345 273–523 273–350 273–333
1,330 1,635 58,000 29,400 11,726 142,900 70,800 39,200 84,600 43,400
The constants can be used to calculate solubility by the equation ln x = A + B/T + C ln T + DT, where T is in K and x is the mole fraction of the solute dissolved in water when the solute partial pressure is 1 atm. With the assumption that Henry’s law is valid up to 1 atm, H = 1/x. Values of the constants are from P. G. T. Fogg and W. Gerrard, Solubility of Gases in Liquids, Wiley, 1991, New York, and Solubility Data Series, vol. 1, Helium and Neon, IUPAC, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979. For higher-temperature behavior and an up-to-date reference list, see R. Fernandez-Prini, J. L. Alvarez, and A. H. Harvey, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 32(2):903, 2003. To find H at temperatures other than 25 °C, first find the solubility and then take the reciprocal. TABLE 2-124 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25°C Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H, atm
Rating
Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Octane Nonane
74828 74840 74986 106978 109660 111659 111842
CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C8H18 C9H20
36,600 26,700 37,800 51,100 70,000 274,000 329,000
4 3 3 3 3 3 3
74851 115071
C2H4 C3H6
11,700 11,700
3 4
Olefins Ethylene Propylene Aromatics Benzene Toluene o-Xylene Cumene Phenol
Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H, atm
Rating
74873 75003 108907
CH3Cl C2H5Cl C6H5Cl
556 681 204
? 10 10
67561 64175 71238 71363
CH4O C2H6O C3H8O C4H10O
0.272 0.272 0.507 0.482
4 4 3 3
107131 75183 624920 74931 75081 110861
C3H3N C2H6S C2H6S2 CH4S C2H6S C5H5N
5.54 121 68.1 177 161 0.817
3 3 3 3 3 3
Chlorine Containing
Paraffin Hydrocarbons
71432 108883 95476 98828 108952
C6H6 C7H8 C8H10 C9H12 C6H6O
299 354 272 724 0.0394
10 10 10 9 7
Methyl chloride Chloroethane Chlorobenzene Alcohols Methanol Ethanol 1-Propanol 1-Butanol Miscellaneous Acrylonitrile Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl disulfide Methyl mercaptan Ethyl mercaptan Pyridine
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AIChE, the DIPPR Acetaldehyde 75,070 C2H4O 5.56 3 Environmental Safety Property Data and Estimations Streering Committee and Propanal 123,386 C3H6O 4.36 4 of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as T. N. Rogers, D. A. Zei, R. L. Rowley, W. V. Ketones Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, Methyl ethyl ketone 78,933 C4H8O 2.59 5 DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). Flammability limits are from B. Esters Lewis and G. Von Elbe, Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (1987). Flash point data are from N. I. Sax, Methyl formate 107313 C2H4O2 13.6 3 Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 6th ed, New York: Van Nostrand Ethyl formate 109944 C3H6O2 13.6 3 Reinhold (1984). Autoignition data are from I. Glassman, Combustion, 3d ed, Methyl acetate 79209 C3H6O2 5.04 3 New York: Academic Press (1996). The ratings reflect DIPPR® ESP’s effort to Butyl acetate 123864 C6H12O2 13.6 3 provide a critical evaluation and quality assessment of each data point with 15 being the highest score possible. The rating is not directly correlated with the estimated experimental uncertainty. The ratings reflect DIPPR Project 911’s effort to provide a critical evaluation and quality assessment of each data point, with 10 being the highest score possible. The rating is not directly correlated with the estimated experimental uncertainty. Henry’s constant is a strong nonlinear function of temperature. A single value measured at one temperature, if used for calculation at a different temperature, can lead to serious errors. Procedures for extrapolation of single-point values over the ambient temperature range (4°C < T < 50°C) are presented in Sec. 22, p. 22–49, under “Estimating Henry’s law constants.” Estimation procedures for the larger range (4°C < T < 200°C) are presented in F. L. Smith and A. H. Harvey, “Avoid Common Pitfalls When Using Henry’s Law,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 103(9), 2007. See also Y.-L. Huang, J. D. Olson, and G. E. Keller II, “Steam Stripping for Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, pp. 1759–1768, 1992. (Also see the Supplementary Material, which contains the databank of 404 compounds of environmental interest and other useful property data.). Aldehydes
The H in Tables 2-123 to 2-134 is the proportionality constant in Henry’s law, p = Hx, where x is the mole fraction of the solute in the aqueous liquid phase; p is the partial pressure in atm of the solute in the gas phase; and H is a proportionality constant, generally referred to as Henry’s constant. Values of H often have considerable uncertainty and are strong functions of temperature. To convert values of H at 25°C from atm to atm/(mol/m3), divide by the molar density of water at 25°C, which is 55,342 mol/m3. Henry’s law is valid only for dilute solutions.
Additional values of Henry’s constant can be found in “Environmental Simulation Program”: OLI Systems, Inc., Morris Plains, N.J; “Estimated Henry’s Law Constant,” EPA Online Tools for Site Assessment Calculation (http://www.epa.gov/athens/learn2model/part-two/onsite/ esthenry.htm); “Compilation of Henry’s Law Constants for Inorganic and Organic Species of Potential Importance in Environmental Chemistry,” Rolf Sander, Air Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute of Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; “Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry: Interactions between Gas-Phase Species and Liquid Cloud/Aerosol Particles,” Rolf Sander, Surv. Geophys. 20:1–31, 1999 (http://www.henrys-law.org).
SOLUBILITIES TABLE 2-125 Henry’s Constant H for Various Compounds in Water at 25 °C from Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients
TABLE 2-126
Compound
CAS no.
Formula
H = ∞Pvp, atm
Pentane Hexane Heptane Benzene Toluene o-Xylene Cumene Styrene Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Propanal Acetone Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl n-propyl ketone Formic acid Methyl acetate Ethyl acetate Butyl acetate Chloroethane 1-Chloropropane Chlorobenzene Methanol Ethanol Pyridine Diethyl ether Thiophene
109660 1100543 142825 71432 108883 95476 98,828 100425 50000 75070 123386 67641 78933 107879 64186 79209 141786 123864 75003 74986 108907 67561 64175 110861 60297 110021
C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C6H6 C7H8 C8H10 C9H12 C8H8 CH2O C2H4O C3H6O C3H6O C4H8O C5H10O CH2O2 C3H6O2 C4H8O2 C6H12O2 C2H5Cl C3H7Cl C6H5Cl CH4O C2H6O C5H5N C4H10O C4H4S
63700 84600 120000 309 344 267 613 145 14.3 4.54 5.45 2.13 3.11 4.60 0.0404 6.38 8.01 12.3 626 792 219 0.263 0.293 0.544 48.7 160
2-131
Air*
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10−4 × H†
4.32
4.88
5.49
6.07
6.64
7.20
7.71
8.23
t, °C
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
10−4 × H†
8.70
9.11
9.46
10.1
10.5
10.7
10.8
10.7
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 257. †H is calculated from the absorption coefficients of O2 and N2, taking into consideration the correction for constant argon content.
TABLE 2-127
Ammonia-Water at 10 and 20 °C* 10 °C
Mass fraction NH3 in liquid 0.0 0.00467 0.00495 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Henry’s constant H at 25 °C is the vapor pressure at 25 °C times the infinite dilution activity coefficient, also at 25 °C. Infinite dilution activity coefficients are from Mitchell and Jurs, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 38: 200 (1998). Henry’s constant is a strong nonlinear function of temperature. A single value measured at one temperature, if used for calculation at a different temperature, can lead to serious errors. Procedures for extrapolation of single-point values over the ambient temperature range (4°C < T < 50°C) are presented in Sec. 22, p. 22–49, under “Estimating Henry’s law constants.” Estimation procedures for the larger range (4°C < T < 200°C) are presented in F. L. Smith and A. H. Harvey, “Avoid Common Pitfalls When Using Henry’s Law,” Chem. Eng. Prog., 103(9), 2007. See also Y.-L. Huang, J. D. Olson, and G. E. Keller II, “Steam Stripping for Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water. 2. Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 31, pp. 1759–1768, 1992. (Also see the Supplementary Material, which contains the databank of 404 compounds of environmental interest and other useful property data.)
20 °C
Mass fraction NH3 in vapor
P, kPa 1.23 1.37
0.0 0.1
7.07 20.07 47.37 99.84 184.44 292.15 399.03 486.44 554.33 615.05
P, kPa 2.34
0.84164 0.95438 0.98565 0.99544 0.99848 0.99943 0.99975 0.99988 0.99995 1.0
2.60 11.95 32.34 73.85 150.56 269.50 416.63 560.61 678.61 771.87 857.48
Mass fraction NH3 in vapor 0.0 0.1 0.82096 0.94541 0.98199 0.99393 0.99783 0.99913 0.99960 0.99980 0.99991 1.0
*Selected values from R. Tillner-Roth and D. G. Friend, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 27:63 (1998). This reference lists solubilities for temperatures from −70 to 340°C. Densities, enthalpies, and entropies are listed for both the two-phase and single-phase regions for pressures up to 40 MPa.
TABLE 2-128 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)* Liquid mol fraction CO2 × 103 Total pressure, atm 1 2 10 20 30 36
0 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
25 °C
35 °C
50 °C
75 °C
100 °C
1.445 2.89 12.71 21.23 25.79
0.985 1.946 8.81 15.38 19.80 21.45
0.802 1.587 7.32 13.13 17.49 19.42
0.692 1.374 6.44 11.84 16.22 18.30
0.608 1.207 5.74 10.75 15.05 17.29
0.473 0.943 4.54 8.64 12.80 14.80
0.342 0.683 3.30 6.34 9.10 10.63
0.248 0.495 2.41 4.65 6.78 7.90
0.187 0.373 1.841 3.62 5.35 6.35
*Values selected from G. Houghton, A. M. McLean, and P. D. Ritchie, Chem. Eng. Sci. 6:132–137, 1957.
TABLE 2-129
Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)*
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
10−3 × H
0.92
1.17
1.48
1.82
2.19
2.59
3.04
*International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 261.
2-132
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-130 Partial pressure of Cl2, mmHg
Chlorine (Cl2)
TABLE 2-131 Vol % of ClO2 in gas phase
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter 0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
50 °C
5 10 30 50 100
0.488 0.679 1.221 1.717 2.79
0.451 0.603 1.024 1.354 2.08
0.438 0.575 0.937 1.210 1.773
0.424 0.553 0.873 1.106 1.573
0.412 0.532 0.821 1.025 1.424
0.398 0.512 0.781 0.962 1.313
150 200 250 300 350
3.81 4.78 5.71
2.73 3.35 3.95 4.54 5.13
2.27 2.74 3.19 3.63 4.06
1.966 2.34 2.69 3.03 3.35
1.754 2.05 2.34 2.61 2.86
1.599 1.856 2.09 2.31 2.53
400 450 500 550 600
5.71 6.26 6.85 7.39 7.97
4.48 4.88 5.29 5.71 6.12
3.69 3.98 4.30 4.60 4.91
3.11 3.36 3.61 3.84 4.08
2.74 2.94 3.14 3.33 3.52
650 700 750 800 900
8.52 9.09 9.65 10.21
6.52 6.90 7.29 7.69 8.46
5.21 5.50 5.80 6.08 6.68
4.32 4.54 4.77 4.99 5.44
3.71 3.89 4.07 4.27 4.62
9.27 10.84 13.23 17.07 21.0
7.27 8.42 10.14 13.02 15.84
5.89 6.81 8.05 10.22 12.32
4.97 5.67 6.70 8.38 10.03
18.73 21.7 24.7 27.7 30.8
14.47 16.62 18.84 20.7 23.3
11.70 13.38 15.04 16.75 18.46
1000 1200 1500 2000 2500
Cl2.8H2O2 separates
3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Partial pressure of Cl2, mmHg
Solubility, g of Cl2 per liter 60 °C
70 °C
80 °C
90 °C
100 °C
110 °C
5 10 30 50 100
0.383 0.492 0.743 0.912 1.228
0.369 0.470 0.704 0.863 1.149
0.351 0.447 0.671 0.815 1.085
0.339 0.431 0.642 0.781 1.034
0.326 0.415 0.627 0.747 0.987
0.316 0.402 0.598 0.722 0.950
150 200 250 300 350
1.482 1.706 1.914 2.10 2.28
1.382 1.580 1.764 1.932 2.10
1.294 1.479 1.642 1.793 1.940
1.227 1.396 1.553 1.700 1.831
1.174 1.333 1.480 1.610 1.736
1.137 1.276 1.413 1.542 1.661
400 450 500 550 600
2.47 2.64 2.80 2.97 3.13
2.25 2.41 2.55 2.69 2.83
2.08 2.22 2.35 2.47 2.59
1.965 2.09 2.21 2.32 2.43
1.854 1.972 2.08 2.19 2.29
1.773 1.880 1.986 2.09 2.19
650 700 750 800 900
3.29 3.44 3.59 3.75 4.04
2.97 3.10 3.23 3.37 3.63
2.72 2.84 2.96 3.08 3.30
2.55 2.66 2.76 2.87 3.08
2.41 2.50 2.60 2.69 2.89
2.28 2.37 2.47 2.56 2.74
1000 1200 1500 2000 2500
4.36 4.92 5.76 7.14 8.48
3.88 4.37 5.09 6.26 7.40
3.53 3.95 4.58 5.63 6.61
3.28 3.67 4.23 5.17 6.05
3.07 3.43 3.95 4.78 5.59
2.91 3.25 3.74 4.49 5.25
3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
9.83 11.22 12.54 13.88 15.26
8.52 9.65 10.76 11.91 13.01
7.54 8.53 9.52 10.46 11.42
6.92 7.79 8.65 9.49 10.35
6.38 7.16 7.94 8.72 9.48
5.97 6.72 7.42 8.13 8.84
1 3 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) Weight of ClO2, grams per liter of solution 0 °C
5 °C
10 °C
15 °C
20 °C
30 °C
40 °C
2.00 6.00 10.0 14.0 20.0
1.50 4.7 7.8 10.9 15.5 17.0 18.6 20.3
1.25 3.85 6.30 8.95 12.8 14.0 15.3 16.6 18.0 19.2 20.3
1.00 3.20 5.25 7.35 10.5 11.7 12.8 13.8 14.9 16.0 17.0
0.90 2.70 4.30 6.15 8.80 9.70 10.55 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.2
0.60 1.95 3.20 4.40 6.30 7.00 7.50 8.20 8.80 9.50 10.1
0.46 1.30 2.25 3.20 4.50 5.00 5.45 5.85 6.35 6.80 7.20
Ishi, Chem. Eng. (Japan), 22:153 (1958).
TABLE 2-132
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Weights of HCl per 100 weights of H2O
Partial pressure of HCl, mmHg
78.6 66.7 56.3 47.0 38.9 31.6 25.0 19.05 13.64 8.70 4.17 2.04
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
30 °C
510 130 29.0 5.7 1.0 0.175 0.0316 0.0056 0.00099 0.000118 0.000018
840 233 56.4 11.8 2.27 0.43 0.084 0.016 0.00305 0.000583 0.000069 0.0000117
399 105.5 23.5 4.90 1.00 0.205 0.0428 0.0088 0.00178 0.00024 0.000044
627 188 44.5 9.90 2.17 0.48 0.106 0.0234 0.00515 0.00077 0.000151
Weights of HCl per 100 weights of H2O
50 °C
80 °C
78.6 66.7 56.3 47.0 38.9 31.6 25.0 19.05 13.64 8.70 4.17 2.04
535 141 35.7 8.9 2.21 0.55 0.136 0.0344 0.0064 0.00140
623 188 54.5 15.6 4.66 1.34 0.39 0.095 0.0245
Partial pressure of HCl, mm Hg 110 °C
760 253 83 28 9.3 3.10 0.93 0.280
Enthalpy and phase-equilibrium data for the binary system HCl-H2O are given by Van Nuys, Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 39, 663 (1943).
TABLE 2-133
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
t, °C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10−2 × H
2.68
3.15
3.67
4.23
4.83
5.45
6.09
6.76
t, °C
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
10−2 × H
7.45
8.14
8.84
10.3
11.9
13.5
14.4
14.8
International Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 259.
THERMAL EXPANSION TABLE 2-134
2-133
Partial Vapor Pressure of Sulfur Dioxide over Water, mmHg Temperature, °C
g SO2 / 100 g H2O
0
10
0.01 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
0.02 0.38 1.15 2.10 3.17
0.04 0.66 1.91 3.44 5.13
0.25 0.30 0.40 0.50 1.00
4.34 5.57 8.17 10.9 25.8
6.93 8.84 12.8 17.0 39.5
2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
20 0.07 1.07 3.03 5.37 7.93 10.6 13.5 19.4 25.6 58.4
30
40
50
60
90
120
0.12 1.68 4.62 8.07 11.8
0.19 2.53 6.80 11.7 17.0
0.29 3.69 9.71 16.5 23.8
0.43 5.24 13.5 22.7 32.6
1.21 12.9 31.7 52.2 73.7
2.82 27.0 63.9 104 145
15.7 19.8 28.3 37.1 83.7
58.6 93.2 129 165 202
88.5 139 192 245 299
129 202 277 353 430
183 285 389 496 602
275 351 542 735
407 517 796
585 741
818
22.5 28.2 40.1 52.3 117
31.4 39.2 55.3 72.0 159
42.8 53.3 74.7 96.8 212
95.8 118 164 211 454
253 393 535 679 824
342 530 720
453 700
955
186 229 316 404 856
Condensed from Rabe, A. E. and Harris, J. F., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 8 (3), 333–336, 1963. Copyright © American Chemical Society and reproduced by permission of the copyright owner.
THERMAL EXPANSION UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsection, the following units conversion is applicable:
2, p. 93; metals, vol. 2, p. 459; petroleums, vol. 2, p. 145; porcelains, vol. 2, pp. 70, 78; refractory materials, vol. 2, p. 83; solid insulators, vol. 2, p. 310.
°F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32 THERMAL EXPANSION OF GASES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES The tables given under this subject are reprinted by permission from the Smithsonian Tables. For more detailed data on thermal expansion, see International Critical Tables: tabular index, vol. 3, p. 1; abrasives, vol. 2, p. 87; alloys, vol. 2, p. 463; building stones, vol. 2, p. 54; carbons, vol. 2, p. 303; elements, vol. 1, p. 102; enamels, vol. 2, p. 115; glass, vol.
No tables of the coefficients of thermal expansion of gases are given in this edition. The coefficient at constant pressure, 1/υ(∂υ/∂T)p, for an ideal gas is merely the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. For a real gas or liquid, both it and the coefficient at constant volume, 1/p (∂p/∂T)v, should be calculated either from the equation of state or from tabulated PVT data.
2-134
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-135
Linear Expansion of the Solid Elements*
C is the true expansion coefficient at the given temperature; M is the mean coefficient between given temperatures; where one temperature is given, the true coefficient at that temperature is indicated; α and β are coefficients in formula lt = l0(1 + αt + βt2); l0 is length at 0 °C (unless otherwise indicated, when, if x is the reference temperature, lt = lx[1 + α(t − tx) + β(t − tx)2]; lt is length at t °C). Element
Temp., °C
C × 104
Aluminum Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Bismuth Cadmium Cadmium Carbon, diamond graphite Chromium Cobalt Copper Copper Gold Gold Indium Iodine Iridium Iridium Iron, soft cast wrought steel Lead (99.9)
20 300 20 20 20 0 0 50 50
0.224 0.284 0.136 0.05 0.014 0.54 0.20⊥ 0.012 0.06
20 20 200 20
0.123 0.162 0.170 0.140
40
0.417
20
0.065
40 20 20 20
0.1210 0.118 0.119 0.114
100 280 20
0.291 0.343 0.254
Magnesium Manganese
20
0.233
Molybdenum†
20
0.053
Nickel
20
0.126
Osmium Palladium
40 20
0.066 0.1173
Platinum
20 20
0.0887 0.0893
40 40 0 40 20 20
0.0850 0.0963 0.439 0.0763 0.1846 0.195
Potassium Rhodium Ruthenium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Steel, 36.4Ni Tantalum†
20
0.065
Tellurium Thallium Tin
20 40 20 20 27 20‡ 20‡ 20
0.016 0.302 0.214 0.305 0.0444 0.643 0.125⊥ 0.358
Tungsten† Zinc
Temp. range, °C
M × 104
100 500 20
0.235 0.311 0.080⊥
20 −180, −140 −180, −140
0.103⊥ 0.59 0.117⊥
20, 100
0.068
100 300 17, 100 −191, 17
0.166 0.175 0.143 0.132
−190,
0.837
17
20, 100 20, 200
0, 6,
+ 20 100 100 0 100 100 500 100
0.291 0.300 0.240 0.260 0.228 0.159 0.052 0.049 0.055 0.130
0.83 0.0876
0, 100 −3, +18 0, 100
0.660 0.0249 0.197
0.009
500
0.22
20, 20,
100 100
0.526 0.214⊥
20, 6, 0,
500 121 625
0.086 0.121 0.161
0.0064 0.0040
0,
520
0.142
0.0022
0.0636 0.0679
0.0032 0.0011
−17 260 340 0 100 20
0.622 0.031 0.055 0.059 0.0655 0.272⊥
20 100 −100 100 100
0.154⊥ 0.045 0.656 0.639 0.141⊥
0, 0, 0, 100,
750 750 750 240
0.1158 0.1170 0.1118 0.269
0.0053 0.0053 0.0053 0.011
+ 20,
500
0.2480
0.0096
20, 300 −142, 19 19, +305
0.216 0.0515 0.0501
0.0121 0.0057 0.0014
−190, + 20 + 20, +300 500, 1000
0.1308 0.1236 0.1346
0.0166 0.0066 0.0033
−190, 0, −190, 0, 0,
+100 1000 −100 + 80 1000
0.1152 0.1167 0.0875 0.0890 0.0887
0.00517 0.0022 0.00314 0.00121 0.00132
−75, −112
0.0746
−75, −67 0, 875 20, 500 0, 50 260, 500 340, 500 20, 400
0.0182 0.1827 0.1939 0.72 0.144 0.136 0.0646
8, 0, −140, +20, +20,
β × 106
0.11
50 21
−190, 20, 20, −78, 0,
α × 104
0,
0, 80 1070, 1720
0, 100
−100, 20, 0, −190, 0, 25, 25, 0,
Temp. range, °C
0.00479 0.00295
0.0009
95
0.2033
0.0263
−105, +502 + 0, 400
0.0428 0.354
0.00058 0.010
*Smithsonian Tables. For more complete tabulations see Table 142, Smithsonian Physical Tables, 9th ed., 1954; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 40th ed., pp. 2239–2245. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; Goldsmith, and Waterman, WADC-TR-58-476, 1959; Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, etc. †Molybdenum, 300 to 2500 °C; lt = l300[1 + 5.00 × 10−6(t − 300) + 10.5 × 10−10(t − 300)2] Tantalum, 300 to 2800 °C; lt = l300[1 + 6.60 × 10−6(t − 300) + 5.2 × 10−10(t − 300)2] Tungsten, 300 to 2700 °C; lt = l300[1 + 4.44 × 10−6(t − 300) + 4.5 × 10−10(t − 300)2] Beryllium, 20 to 100 °C; 12.3 × 10−6 per °C. Columbium, 0 to 100 °C; 7.2 × 10−6 per °C. Tantalum, 20 to 100 °C; 6.6 × 10−6 per °C. ‡These values for zinc were taken from Grüneisen and Goens, Z. Physik., 29:141 (1924).
THERMAL EXPANSION TABLE 2-136
2-135
Linear Expansion of Miscellaneous Substances*
The coefficient of cubical expansion may be taken as three times the linear coefficient. In the following table, t is the temperature or range of temperature, and C, the coefficient of expansion. t, °C
Substance Amber Bakelite, bleached Brass: Cast Wire Wire 71.5 Cu + 27.7 Zn + 0.3 Sn + 0.5 Pb 71 Cu + 29 Zn Bronze: 3 Cu + 1 Sn 3 Cu + 1 Sn 3 Cu + 1 Sn 86.3 Cu + 9.7 Sn + 4 Zn 97.6 Cu + hard 2.2 Sn + soft 0.2 P Caoutchouc Caoutchouc Celluloid Constantan Duralumin, 94Al
{
0−30 0−09 20−60
0.50 0.61 0.22
0−100 0−100 0−100
0.1875 0.1930 0.1783–0.193
40 0−100
0.1859 0.1906
16.6−100 16.6−350 16.6−957 40 0−80 0−80
0.1844 0.2116 0.1737 0.1782 0.1713 0.1708
16.7−25.3 20−70 4−29 20−100 20−300 Ebonite 25.3−35.4 Fluorspar, CaF2 0−100 German silver 0−100 Gold-platinum, 2 Au + 1 Pt 0−100 Gold-copper, 2 Au + 1 Cu 0−100 Glass: Tube 0−100 Tube 0−100 Plate 0−100 Crown (mean) 0−100 Crown (mean) 50−60 Flint 50−60 III Jena ther- 16 0−100 mometer normal
}
C × 104
0.657–0.686 0.770 1.00 0.1523 0.23 0.25 0.842 0.1950 0.1836 0.1523 0.1552 0.0833 0.0828 0.0891 0.0897 0.0954 0.0788 0.081
Substance
t, °C
C × 104
Jena thermometer 59III Jena thermometer 59III Gutta percha Ice Iceland spar: Parallel to axis Perpendicular to axis Lead tin (solder) 2 Pb + 1 Sn Limestone Magnalium Manganin Marble Monel metal
0−100 −191–+16 20 −20–−1
0.058 0.424 1.983 0.51
0−80 0−80
0.2631 0.0544
0−100 25−100 12−39 15−100 25−100 25−600 0−16 16−38 38−49
0.2508 0.09 0.238 0.181 0.117 0.14 0.16 1.0662 1.3030 4.7707
40
0.0884
Paraffin Paraffin Paraffin Platinum-iridium, 10 Pt + 1 Ir Platinum-silver, 1 Pt + 2 Ag Porcelain Porcelain Bayeux Quartz: Parallel to axis Parallel to axis Perpend. to axis Quartz glass Quartz glass Quartz glass Rock salt Rubber, hard Rubber, hard Speculum metal Steel, 0.14 C, 34.5 Ni
0−100 20−790 1000−1400
0.1523 0.0413 0.0553
0−80 −190 to + 16 0−80 −190 to + 16 16 to 500 16 to 1000 40 0 −160 0−100 25−100 25−600
0.0797 0.0521 0.1337 −0.0026 0.0057 0.0058 0.4040 0.691 0.300 0.1933 0.037 0.136
Substance
t, °C
Topas: Parallel to lesser horizontal axis 0−100 Parallel to greater horizontal axis 0−100 Parallel to vertical axis 0−100 Tourmaline: Parallel to longitudinal axis 0−100 Parallel to horizontal axis 0−100 Type metal 16.6−254 Vulcanite 0−18 Wedgwood ware 0−100 Wood: Parallel to fiber: Ash 0−100 Beech 2.34 Chestnut 2.34 Elm 2.34 Mahogany 2.34 Maple 2.34 Oak 2.34 Pine 2.34 Walnut 2.34 Across the fiber: Beech 2.34 Chestnut 2.34 Elm 2.34 Mahogany 2.34 Maple 2.34 Oak 2.34 Pine 2.34 Walnut 2.34 Wax white 10−26 Wax white 26−31 Wax white 31−43 Wax white 43−57
C × 104
0.0832 0.0836 0.0472 0.0937 0.0773 0.1952 0.6360 0.0890 0.0951 0.0257 0.0649 0.0565 0.0361 0.0638 0.0492 0.0541 0.0658 0.614 0.325 0.443 0.404 0.484 0.544 0.341 0.484 2.300 3.120 4.860 15.227
*Smithsonian Tables. For a more complete tabulation see Tables 143, 144. Smithsonian Physical Tables. 9th ed., 1954, also reprinted in American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957; Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 40th ed., pp. 2239–2245, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. For data on many solids prior to 1926, see Gruneisen, Handbuch der Physik, vol. 10, pp. 1–52, 1926, translation available as N.A.S.A. RE 2-18-59W, 1959. For eight plastic solids below 300 K, see Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, p. 331, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ, 1959. For 11 other materials to 300 K, see Scott, loc. cit., p. 333. For quartz and silica, see Cook, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 7, 285 (1956).
2-136
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-137
Volume Expansion of Liquids*
TABLE 2-138
If V0 is the volume at 0°, then at t° the expansion formula is Vt = V0(1 + αt + βt2 + γt3). The table gives values of α, β, and γ, and of C, the true coefficient of volume expansion at 20° for some liquids and solutions. The temperature range of the observation is ∆t. Values for the coefficient of volume expansion of liquids can be derived from the tables of specific volumes of the saturated liquid given as a function of temperature later in this section. C = (dV/dt)/V0 C × 103 at 20°
Liquid
Range
α × 103
β × 106
γ × 108
Acetic acid Acetone Alcohol: Amyl Ethyl, 30% by volume Ethyl, 50% by volume Ethyl, 99.3% by volume Ethyl, 500 atm pressure Ethyl, 3000 atm pressure Methyl Benzene Bromine Calcium chloride: 5.8% solution 40.9% solution Carbon disulfide 500 atm pressure 3000 atm pressure Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Ether Glycerin Hydrochloric acid, 33.2% solution Mercury Olive oil Pentane Potassium chloride, 24.3% solution Phenol Petroleum, 0.8467 density Sodium chloride, 20.6% solution Sodium sulfate, 24% solution Sulfuric acid: 10.9% solution 100.0% Turpentine Water
16−107 0−54
1.0630 1.3240
0.12636 3.8090
1.0876 1.071 −0.87983 1.487
−15–80 18−39 0−39
0.9001 0.2928 0.7450
0.6573 10.790 1.85
27−46
1.012
2.20
0−40
0.866
0−40 0−61 11−81 0−59
0.524 1.1342 1.17626 1.06218
18−25 17−24 −34–60 0−50 0−50 0−76 0−63 −15–38
0.07878 0.42383 1.13980 0.940 0.581 1.18384 1.10715 1.51324 0.4853
0−33 0−100 0−33
0.4460 0.18182 0.6821 1.4646
0.215 0.0078 1.1405 3.09319
−0.539 1.6084
16−25 36−157
0.2695 0.8340
2.080 0.10732
0.4446
24−120
0.8994
1.396
0.955
0−29
0.3640
1.237
0.414
11−40
0.3599
1.258
0.410
1.18458 0.902 −11.87 0.730 1.12
1.3635 1.27776 1.87714
0.8741 1.199 0.80648 1.237 −0.30854 1.132
4.2742 0.8571 1.37065
0.250 0.458 1.91225 1.218
0.89881 4.66473 2.35918 0.4895
1.35135 1.236 −1.74328 1.273 4.00512 1.656 0.505
0−30 0.2835 2.580 0−30 0.5758 −0.432 −9−106 0.9003 1.9595 0−33 −0.06427 8.5053
0.455 0.18186 0.721 1.608 0.353 1.090
0.387 0.558 −0.44998 0.973 −6.7900 0.207
*Smithsonian Tables, Table 269. For a detailed discussion of mercury data, see Cook, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 7, 285 (1956). For data on nitrogen and argon, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. Bromoform1 7.7 − 50 °C. Vt = 0.34204[1 + 0.00090411(t − 7.7) + 0.0000006766(t − 7.7)2] 0.34204 is the specific volume of bromoform at 7.7 °C. Glycerin2 −62 to 0 °C. Vt = V0(1 + 4.83 × 10−4t − 0.49 × 10−6t2) 0 − 80 °C. Vt = V0(1 + 4.83 × 10−4t + 0.49 × 10−6t2) 3 Mercury 0 − 300 °C. Vt − V0[1 + 10−8(18,153.8t + 0.7548t2 + 0.001533t2 + 0.00000536t4)] 1 Sherman and Sherman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 50, 1119 (1928). (An obvious error in their equation has been corrected.) 2 Samsoen, Ann. phys., (10) 9, 91 (1928). 3 Harlow, Phil. Mag., (7) 7, 674 (1929).
Volume Expansion of Solids*
If v2 and v1 are the volumes at t2 and t1, respectively, then v2 = v1(1 + C∆t), C being the coefficient of cubical expansion and ∆t the temperature interval. Where only a single temperature is stated, C represents the true coefficient of volume expansion at that temperature. Substance
t or ∆t
C × 104
Antimony Beryl Bismuth Copper† Diamond Emerald Galena Glass, common tube hard Jena, borosilicate 59 III pure silica Gold Ice Iron Lead† Paraffin Platinum Porcelain, Berlin chloride nitrate sulfate Quartz Rock salt Rubber Silver Sodium Stearic acid Sulfur, native Tin Zinc†
0−100 0−100 0−100 0−100 40 40 0−100 0−100 0−100 20−100 0−80 0−100 −20 to −1 0−100 0−100 20 0−100 20 0−100 0−100 20 0−100 50−60 20 0−100 20 33.8−45.4 13.2−50.3 0−100 0−100
0.3167 0.0105 0.3948 0.4998 0.0354 0.0168 0.558 0.276 0.214 0.156 0.0129 0.4411 1.1250 0.3550 0.8399 5.88 0.265 0.0814 1.094 1.967 1.0754 0.3840 1.2120 4.87 0.5831 2.13 8.1 2.23 0.6889 0.8928
*Smithsonian Tables, Table 268. †See additional data below. Aluminum1 100 − 530 °C. V = V0(1 + 2.16 × 10−5t + 0.95 × 10−8t2) 1 Cadmium 130 − 270 °C. V = V0(1 + 8.04 × 10−5t + 5.9 × 10−8t2) 1 Copper 110 − 300 °C. V = V0(1 + 1.62 × 10−5t + 0.20 × 10−8t2) Colophony2 0 − 34 °C. V = V0(1 + 2.21 × 10−4t + 0.31 × 10−6t2) 34 − 150 °C. V = V34[1 + 7.40 × 10−4(t − 34) + 5.91 × 10−6(t − 34)2] 1 Lead 100 − 280 °C. V = V0(1 + 1.60 × 10−5t + 3.2 × 10−8t2) 2 Shellac 0 − 46 °C. V = V0(1 + 2.73 × 10−4t + 0.39 × 10−6t2) 46 − 100 °C. V = V46[1 + 13.10 × 10−4(t − 46) + 0.62 × 10−6(t − 46)2] Silica (vitreous)3 0 − 300 °C. Vt = V0[1 + 10−8(93.6t + 0.7776t2 − 0.003315t2 + 0.000005244t4) Sugar (cane, amorphous)2 0 − 67 °C. Vt = V0(1 + 2.34 × 10−4t + 0.14 × 10−6t2) 67 − 160 °C. Vt = V67[1 + 5.02 × 10−4(t − 67) + 0.43 × 10−6(t − 67)2] Zinc1 120 − 360 °C. Vt = V0(1 + 8.50 × 10−5t + 3.9 × 10−8t2) 1 2 3
Uffelmann, Phil. Mag., (7) 10, 633 (1930). Samsoen, Ann. phys., (10) 9, 83 (1928). Harlow, Phil. Mag., (7) 7, 674 (1929).
JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT
2-137
JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT UNITS CONVERSIONS °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32; °R = 9⁄ 5 K
Joule-Thomson coefficients for substances listed in Table 2-184 are given in tables in the Thermodynamic Properties section. For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: To convert the Joule-Thomson coefficient, µ, in degrees Celsius per atmosphere to degrees Fahrenheit per atmosphere, multiply by 1.8. TABLE 2-139
To convert bars to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 14.504; to convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102.
Additional References Available for the Joule-Thomson Coefficient Temp. range, °C
Pressure range, atm Gas Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Deuterium Dowtherm A Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen
200
38 24, 30
46 45 9, 10 38 24
1, 38 22, 24, 25 30 33 13
6 9, 11 33 9, 10, 13 28, 40 9, 10 26, 34, 44 43 28, 29, 42 45
33 13, 40
34 42, 47
>300
Other references 3, 4, 18 2, 3
31
46 48
13
19
29, 42, 47
29, 47
*See also 14 (generalized chart); 18 (review, to 1919); 20–22; 23 (review, to 1948); 27 (review, to 1905); 32, 36, 41, 50. REFERENCES: 1. Baehr. Z. Elektrochem., 60, 515 (1956). 2. Beattie, J. Math. Phys., 9, 11 (1930). 3. Beattie, Phys. Rev., 35, 643 (1930). 4. Bradley and Hale, Phys. Rev., 29, 258 (1909). 5. Brown and Dean, Bur. Stand. J. Res., 60, 161 (1958). 6. Budenholzer, Sage, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 658 (1937). 7. Burnett, Phys. Rev., 22, 590 (1923). 8. Burnett, Univ. Wisconsin Bull. 9(6), 1926. 9. Charnley, Ph.D. thesis. University of Manchester, 1952. 10. Charnley, Isles, et al., Proc. R. Soc. (London), A217, 133 (1953). 11. Charnley, Rowlinson, et al., Proc. R. Soc. (London), A230, 354 (1955). 12. Dalton, Commun. Phys. Lab. Univ. Leiden, no. 109c, 1909. 13. Deming and Deming, Phys. Rev., 48, 448 (1935). 14. Edmister, Pet. Refiner, 28, 128 (1949). 15. Eucken, Clusius, et al., Z. Tech. Phys., 13, 267 (1932). 16. Eumorfopoulos and Rai, Phil. Mag., 7, 961 (1926). 17. Huang, Lin, et al., Z. Phys., 100, 594 (1936). 18. Hoxton, Phys. Rev., 13, 438 (1919). 19. Ishkin and Kaganev, J. Tech. Phys. U.S.S.R., 26, 2323 (1956). 20. Isles, Ph.D. thesis, Leeds University. 21. Jenkin and Pye, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. (London), A213, 67 (1914); A215, 353 (1915). 22. Johnston, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2362 (1946). 23. Johnston, Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 70, 651 (1948). 24. Johnston, Bezman, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2367 (1946). 25. Johnston, Swanson, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 68, 2373 (1946). 26. Kennedy, Sage, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 718 (1936). 27. Kester, Phys. Rev., 21, 260 (1905). 28. Keyes and Collins, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 18, 328 (1932). 29. Kleinschmidt, Mech. Eng., 45, 165 (1923); 48, 155 (1926). 30. Koeppe, Kältetechnik, 8, 275 (1956). 31. Lindsay and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 817 (1935). 32. Noell, dissertation, Munich, 1914, Forschungsdienst, 184, p. 1, 1916. 33. Palienko, Tr. Inst. Ispol’ z. Gaza, Akad. Nauk Ukr. SSR, no. 4, p. 87, 1956. 34. Pattee and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 26, 511, (1934). 35. Roebuck, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., 60, 537 (1925); 64, 287 (1930). 36. Roebuck, see 49 below, 37. Roebuck and Murrell, Phys. Rev., 55, 240 (1939). 38. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 37, 110 (1931); 43, 60 (1933). 39. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 46, 785 (1934). 40. Roebuck and Osterberg, Phys. Rev., 48, 450 (1935). 41. Roebuck, Murrell, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 64, 400 (1942). 42. Sage, unpublished data, California Institute of Technology, 1959. 43. Sage and Lacy, Ind. Eng. Chem., 27, 1484 (1934). 44. Sage, Kennedy, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 28, 601 (1936). 45. Sage, Webster, et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 29, 658 (1937). 46. Ullock, Gaffert, et al., Trans. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng., 32, 73 (1936). 47. Yang, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 786 (1953). 48. Zelmanov, J. Phys. U.S.S.R., 3, 43 (1940). 49. Roebuck, recalculated data. 50. Michels et al., van der Waals laboratory publications. Gunn, Cheuh, and Prausnitz, Cryogenics, 6, 324 (1966), review equations relating the inversion temperatures and pressures. The ability of various equations of state to relate these was also discussed by Miller, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 585 (1970); and Juris and Wenzel, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 18, 684 (1972). Perhaps the most detailed review is that of Hendricks, Peller, and Baron. NASA Tech. Note D 6807, 1972. TABLE 2-140 Approximate Inversion-Curve Locus in Reduced Coordinates (Tr = T/Tc; Pr = P/Pc)* Pr
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
TrL TrU
0.782 4.984
0.800 4.916
0.818 4.847
0.838 4.777
0.859 4.706
0.880 4.633
0.903 4.550
0.953 4.401
Pr
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
11.79
TrL TrU
1.01 4.23
1.08 4.06
1.16 3.88
1.25 3.68
1.35 3.45
1.50 3.18
1.73 2.86
2.24 2.24
*Calculated from the best three-constant equation recommended by Miller, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 9, 585 (1970). TrL refers to the lower curve, and TrU, to the upper curve.
2-138
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
CRITICAL CONSTANTS ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Other data and estimation techniques for the elements are contained in Gates and Thodos, Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 6 (1960):50–54; and Ohse and von Tippelskirch, High Temperatures—High Pressures, 9 (1977):367–385. For inorganic substances see Mathews, Chem. Rev., TABLE 2-141
72 (1972):71–100; for organics see Kudchaker, Alani, and Zwolinski, Chem. Rev., 68 (1968):659–735; and for fluorocarbons see Advances in Fluorine Chemistry, App. B, Butterworth. Washington, 1963, pp. 173–175. Pages 6–49 and 6–50 of the 84th edition of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics provide an excellent list of references for critical properties.
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
Cmpd.
no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
Vc,
Name Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia Anisole Argon Benzamide Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane
Formula C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H 3N C7H8O Ar C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8
Acentric
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 7440-37-1 55-21-0 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6 108-39-4 95-48-7 106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0
44.053 59.067 60.052 102.089 58.079 41.052 26.037 56.063 72.063 53.063 28.960 17.031 108.138 39.948 121.137 78.112 110.177 122.121 103.121 182.218 108.138 136.191 124.203 154.208 159.808 157.008 108.965 94.939 54.090 54.090 58.122 90.121 90.121 74.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 56.106 116.158 134.218 90.187 90.187 54.090 72.106 88.105 69.105 44.010 76.141 28.010 153.823 88.004 70.906 112.557 64.514 119.378 50.488 78.541 78.541 108.138 108.138 108.138 120.192 52.035 56.106
466 761 591.95 606 508.2 545.5 308.3 506 615 535 132.45 405.65 645.6 150.86 824 562.05 689 751 699.35 830 720.15 662 718 773 584.15 670.15 503.8 467 452 425 425.12 680 676 563.1 535.9 419.5 435.5 428.6 575.4 660.5 570.1 554 440 537.2 615.7 582.25 304.21 552 132.92 556.35 227.51 417.15 632.35 460.35 536.4 416.25 503.15 489 705.85 697.55 704.65 631 400.15 459.93
5.55 6.6 5.786 4 4.701 4.83 6.138 5 5.66 4.48 3.774 11.28 4.25 4.898 5.05 4.895 4.74 4.47 4.215 3.352 4.374 3.11 4.06 3.38 10.3 4.519 6.23 8 4.36 4.32 3.796 5.21 4.02 4.414 4.188 4.02 4.21 4.1 3.09 2.89 3.97 4.06 4.6 4.32 4.06 3.79 7.383 7.9 3.499 4.56 3.745 7.71 4.519 5.27 5.472 6.68 4.58 4.54 4.56 5.01 5.15 3.209 5.98 4.98
0.154 0.215 0.177 0.29 0.209 0.173 0.112 0.197 0.208 0.212 0.09147 0.07247 0.337 0.07459 0.346 0.256 0.315 0.344 0.3132 0.5677 0.382 0.442 0.367 0.497 0.135 0.324 0.215 0.156 0.22 0.221 0.255 0.303 0.305 0.273 0.27 0.241 0.234 0.238 0.389 0.497 0.307 0.307 0.208 0.258 0.293 0.278 0.094 0.16 0.0944 0.276 0.143 0.124 0.308 0.2 0.239 0.143 0.247 0.247 0.312 0.282 0.277 0.434 0.195 0.21
0.221 0.224 0.208 0.23 0.233 0.184 0.268 0.234 0.23 0.214 0.313 0.242 0.267 0.291 0.255 0.268 0.261 0.246 0.227 0.276 0.279 0.25 0.25 0.261 0.286 0.263 0.32 0.321 0.255 0.27 0.274 0.279 0.218 0.258 0.254 0.278 0.272 0.274 0.251 0.262 0.257 0.271 0.262 0.25 0.232 0.218 0.274 0.275 0.299 0.272 0.283 0.276 0.265 0.275 0.293 0.276 0.27 0.276 0.242 0.244 0.244 0.265 0.351 0.273
0.2907 0.4210 0.4665 0.4535 0.3065 0.3379 0.1912 0.3198 0.5383 0.3498 0.2526 0.3502 0.0000 0.5585 0.2103 0.2628 0.6028 0.3662 0.5019 0.3631 0.4332 0.3126 0.4029 0.1290 0.2506 0.2548 0.1922 0.1659 0.1950 0.2002 0.6305 0.7043 0.5883 0.5692 0.1845 0.2019 0.2176 0.4394 0.3941 0.2714 0.2506 0.2470 0.2774 0.6805 0.3714 0.2236 0.1107 0.0482 0.1926 0.1790 0.0688 0.2499 0.1902 0.2219 0.1531 0.2277 0.1986 0.4480 0.4339 0.5072 0.3274 0.2790 0.1847
CRITICAL CONSTANTS TABLE 2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued)
Cmpd.
no. 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
2-139
V c,
Acentric
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc , K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine Dodecane Eicosane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate
C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2 C12H10O C6H15N C12H26 C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2
110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6 75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1 101-84-8 142-84-7 112-40-3 112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4
84.159 100.159 98.143 82.144 70.133 68.117 42.080 116.224 156.265 142.282 172.265 158.281 140.266 174.347 138.250 4.032 187.861 187.861 173.835 130.228 147.002 147.002 147.002 98.959 98.959 84.933 112.986 112.986 105.136 73.137 74.122 90.187 66.050 66.050 52.023 101.190 102.175 114.185 90.121 104.148 54.090 45.084 86.175 112.213 112.213 112.213 94.199 46.068 73.094 100.202 194.184 60.170 62.134 78.133 194.184 88.105 170.207 101.190 170.335 282.547 30.069 46.068 88.105 45.084 106.165 150.175 116.158 116.158 112.213 98.186 28.053 60.098 62.068 43.068 44.053 74.079
553.8 650.1 653 560.4 511.7 507 398 664 674.2 617.7 722.1 688 616.6 696 619.85 38.35 628 650.15 611 584.1 683.95 705 684.75 523 561.6 510 560 572 736.6 496.6 466.7 557.15 386.44 445 351.255 523.1 500.05 576 507.8 543 473.2 437.2 500 591.15 606.15 596.15 615 400.1 649.6 537.3 766 402 503.04 729 772 587 766.8 550 658 768 305.32 514 523.3 456.15 617.15 698 655 571 609.15 569.5 282.34 593 720 537 469.15 508.4
4.08 4.26 4 4.35 4.51 4.8 5.54 3.97 2.6 2.11 2.28 2.308 2.223 2.13 2.37 1.6617 6.03 5.477 7.17 2.46 4.07 4.07 4.07 5.07 5.37 6.08 4.24 4.24 4.27 3.71 3.64 3.96 4.52 4.34 5.784 3.2 2.88 3.02 3.773 3.446 4.87 5.34 3.15 2.938 2.938 2.938 5.36 5.37 4.42 2.91 2.78 3.56 5.53 5.65 2.78 5.208 3.08 3.14 1.82 1.16 4.872 6.137 3.88 5.62 3.609 3.18 3.41 2.95 3.04 3.4 5.041 6.29 8.2 6.85 7.19 4.74
0.308 0.322 0.311 0.291 0.26 0.245 0.162 0.355 0.58 0.617 0.639 0.645 0.584 0.624 0.552 0.060263 0.276 0.2616 0.223 0.487 0.351 0.351 0.351 0.24 0.22 0.185 0.291 0.291 0.349 0.301 0.28 0.318 0.179 0.195 0.123 0.418 0.386 0.416 0.297 0.35 0.221 0.18 0.361 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.252 0.17 0.26199 0.393 0.53 0.258 0.201 0.227 0.529 0.238 0.503 0.402 0.755 1.34 0.1455 0.168 0.286 0.207 0.374 0.489 0.389 0.403 0.43 0.375 0.131 0.264 0.191 0.173 0.140296 0.229
0.273 0.254 0.229 0.272 0.276 0.279 0.271 0.255 0.269 0.254 0.243 0.26 0.253 0.23 0.254 0.314 0.319 0.265 0.315 0.247 0.251 0.244 0.251 0.28 0.253 0.265 0.265 0.259 0.243 0.27 0.263 0.272 0.252 0.229 0.244 0.308 0.267 0.262 0.265 0.267 0.274 0.264 0.274 0.269 0.268 0.273 0.264 0.2744 0.214 0.256 0.231 0.275 0.266 0.212 0.229 0.254 0.243 0.276 0.251 0.243 0.279 0.241 0.255 0.307 0.263 0.268 0.244 0.25 0.258 0.269 0.281 0.337 0.262 0.265 0.25876 0.257
0.2081 0.3690 0.2990 0.2123 0.1949 0.1961 0.1278 0.2641 0.5820 0.4923 0.8126 0.6070 0.4805 0.5874 0.5178 −0.1449 0.1250 0.2067 0.2095 0.4476 0.2790 0.2192 0.2846 0.2339 0.2866 0.1986 0.2529 0.2564 0.9529 0.3039 0.2811 0.2900 0.2751 0.2224 0.2771 0.3883 0.3387 0.4044 0.3277 0.3522 0.2385 0.2999 0.2493 0.2326 0.2324 0.2379 0.2059 0.2002 0.3177 0.2964 0.6568 0.1300 0.1943 0.2806 0.6371 0.2793 0.4389 0.4497 0.5764 0.9069 0.0995 0.6436 0.3664 0.2848 0.3035 0.4771 0.6326 0.4011 0.2455 0.2701 0.0862 0.4724 0.5068 0.2007 0.1974 0.2847
2-140
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued)
Cmpd.
no. 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216
V c,
Acentric
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Helium-4 Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene 3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne Hydrazine Hydrogen Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol
C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O He C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12 C6H10 C6H14S C6H10 C6H10 H4N2 H2 HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O
149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6 928-49-4 111-31-9 693-02-7 764-35-2 302-01-2 1333-74-0 10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9
144.211 130.228 88.148 100.159 62.134 102.132 88.148 163.506 37.997 96.102 48.060 34.033 30.026 45.041 46.026 68.074 4.003 240.468 114.185 100.202 130.185 116.201 116.201 114.185 114.185 98.186 132.267 96.170 226.441 100.159 86.175 116.158 102.175 102.175 100.159 100.159 84.159 82.144 118.240 82.144 82.144 32.045 2.016 80.912 36.461 27.025 20.006 34.081 88.105 59.110 104.061 86.089 16.042 32.042 73.094 74.079 40.064 86.089 31.057 136.148 68.117 72.149 102.132 88.148 70.133 70.133 66.101 88.148 104.214 68.117 102.132 80.589 98.186 114.185 114.185 114.185
674.6 583 489 567 499.15 546 500.23 559.95 144.12 560.09 375.31 317.42 408 771 588 490.15 5.2 736 616.8 540.2 677.3 632.3 608.3 606.6 611.4 537.4 645 547 723 591 507.6 660.2 611.3 585.3 587.61 582.82 504 544 623 516.2 549 653.15 33.19 363.15 324.65 456.65 461.15 373.53 605 471.85 805 662 190.564 512.5 718 506.55 402.4 536 430.05 693 490 460.4 643 577.2 465 470 492 512.74 593 463.2 554.5 442 572.1 686 614 617
2.778 2.46 3.41 3.32 5.49 3.362 3.37 3.33 5.172 4.551 5.028 5.875 6.59 7.8 5.81 5.5 0.2275 1.34 3.16 2.74 3.043 3.085 3.001 2.92 2.94 2.92 2.77 3.21 1.4 3.46 3.025 3.308 3.446 3.311 3.287 3.32 3.21 3.53 3.08 3.62 3.53 14.7 1.313 8.552 8.31 5.39 6.48 8.963 3.7 4.54 5.64 4.79 4.599 8.084 4.98 4.75 5.63 4.25 7.46 3.59 3.83 3.38 3.89 3.93 3.447 3.42 4.38 3.371 3.47 4.2 3.473 4.17 3.48 4 3.79 3.79
0.528 0.487 0.329 0.369 0.207 0.345 0.339 0.414 0.066547 0.269 0.164 0.113 0.115 0.163 0.125 0.218 0.0573 1.11 0.434 0.428 0.466 0.444 0.447 0.433 0.434 0.402 0.465 0.387 1.04 0.369 0.371 0.408 0.382 0.385 0.378 0.378 0.348 0.331 0.412 0.322 0.331 0.158 0.064147 0.1 0.081 0.139 0.069 0.0985 0.292 0.221 0.258 0.28 0.0986 0.117 0.267 0.228 0.164 0.27 0.154 0.436 0.291 0.306 0.347 0.329 0.292 0.292 0.248 0.329 0.36 0.275 0.34 0.246 0.369 0.374 0.374 0.374
0.262 0.247 0.276 0.26 0.274 0.256 0.275 0.296 0.287 0.263 0.264 0.252 0.223 0.198 0.149 0.294 0.302 0.244 0.267 0.261 0.252 0.261 0.265 0.251 0.251 0.263 0.24 0.273 0.243 0.26 0.266 0.246 0.259 0.262 0.254 0.259 0.267 0.258 0.245 0.272 0.256 0.428 0.305 0.283 0.249 0.197 0.117 0.284 0.215 0.256 0.217 0.244 0.286 0.222 0.223 0.257 0.276 0.258 0.321 0.272 0.274 0.27 0.252 0.269 0.26 0.256 0.266 0.26 0.253 0.3 0.256 0.279 0.27 0.262 0.278 0.276
0.8067 0.4944 0.3056 0.3891 0.1878 0.3944 0.3473 0.2691 0.0530 0.2472 0.2200 0.1980 0.2818 0.4124 0.3173 0.2015 −0.3900 0.7697 0.4279 0.3495 0.7564 0.5621 0.5628 0.4076 0.4190 0.3432 0.4226 0.3778 0.7174 0.3872 0.3013 0.7299 0.5586 0.5574 0.3846 0.3801 0.2888 0.2183 0.3681 0.3327 0.2214 0.3143 −0.2160 0.0734 0.1315 0.4099 0.3823 0.0942 0.6141 0.2759 0.9418 0.3318 0.0115 0.5658 0.4351 0.3313 0.2115 0.3423 0.2814 0.4205 0.1874 0.2279 0.5894 0.5939 0.2341 0.2870 0.1370 0.3130 0.3229 0.3081 0.3775 0.2252 0.2361 0.2213 0.6805 0.6790
CRITICAL CONSTANTS TABLE 2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Continued)
Cmpd.
no. 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292
2-141
Vc,
Acentric
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl Isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane alpha-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate
C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C5H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10 C4H10O C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si C9H10 C5H12O C3H6O C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N2O NO C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO
96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5 75-65-0 115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9 98-83-9 1634-04-4 107-25-5 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 10102-43-9 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9
84.159 82.144 82.144 115.034 60.095 72.106 76.161 60.052 88.148 100.159 57.051 74.122 86.132 90.187 48.107 100.116 158.238 86.175 102.175 58.122 74.122 56.106 88.105 74.122 90.187 46.144 118.176 88.148 58.079 128.171 20.180 75.067 28.013 71.002 61.040 44.013 30.006 268.521 142.239 128.255 158.238 144.255 144.255 126.239 160.320 124.223 254.494 128.212 114.229 144.211 130.228 130.228 128.212 128.212 112.213 146.294 110.197 90.035 31.999 47.998 212.415 86.132 72.149 102.132 88.148 88.148 86.132 86.132 70.133 104.214 104.214 68.117 68.117 178.229 94.111 119.121
532.7 542 526 483 437.8 535.5 533 487.2 497 574.6 488 464.48 553.4 553.1 469.95 566 694 497.7 546.49 407.8 506.2 417.9 530.6 476.25 565 352.5 654 497.1 437 748.4 44.4 593 126.2 234 588.15 309.57 180.15 758 658 594.6 710.7 670.9 649.5 593.1 681 598.05 747 638.9 568.7 694.26 652.3 629.8 632.7 627.7 566.9 667.3 574 804 154.58 261 708 566.1 469.7 639.16 588.1 561 561.08 560.95 464.8 584.3 598 481.2 519 869 694.25 653
3.79 4.13 4.13 3.95 4.4 4.15 4.26 6 3.41 3.27 5.48 3.762 3.8 4.021 7.23 3.68 2.54 3.04 3.042 3.64 3.972 4 4.004 3.801 3.97 4.7 3.36 3.287 4.67 4.05 2.653 5.16 3.4 4.461 6.31 7.245 6.48 1.21 2.73 2.29 2.514 2.527 2.541 2.428 2.31 2.61 1.27 2.96 2.49 2.779 2.783 2.749 2.64 2.704 2.663 2.52 2.88 7.02 5.043 5.57 1.48 3.97 3.37 3.63 3.897 3.7 3.694 3.74 3.56 3.536 3.47 4.17 4.03 2.9 6.13 4.06
0.319 0.303 0.303 0.289 0.221 0.267 0.254 0.172 0.329 0.369 0.202 0.276 0.31 0.328 0.145 0.323 0.572 0.368 0.38 0.259 0.275 0.239 0.282 0.276 0.307 0.205 0.399 0.314 0.21 0.407 0.0417 0.236 0.08921 0.11875 0.173 0.0974 0.058 1.26 0.527 0.551 0.584 0.576 0.577 0.524 0.571 0.497 1.19 0.488 0.486 0.523 0.509 0.512 0.497 0.497 0.464 0.518 0.442 0.205 0.0734 0.089 0.969 0.313 0.313 0.35 0.326 0.326 0.301 0.336 0.293 0.385 0.359 0.277 0.276 0.554 0.229 0.37
0.273 0.278 0.286 0.284 0.267 0.249 0.244 0.255 0.272 0.253 0.273 0.269 0.256 0.28718 0.268 0.253 0.252 0.27 0.254 0.278 0.26 0.275 0.256 0.265 0.259 0.329 0.247 0.25 0.27 0.265 0.3 0.247 0.289 0.272 0.223 0.274 0.251 0.242 0.263 0.255 0.248 0.261 0.271 0.258 0.233 0.261 0.243 0.272 0.256 0.252 0.261 0.269 0.249 0.257 0.262 0.235 0.267 0.215 0.288 0.228 0.244 0.264 0.27 0.239 0.258 0.259 0.238 0.269 0.27 0.28 0.251 0.289 0.258 0.222 0.243 0.277
0.2288 0.2318 0.2296 0.2758 0.2314 0.3234 0.2091 0.2556 0.3078 0.3557 0.3007 0.2656 0.3208 0.2461 0.1582 0.2802 0.7913 0.2791 0.3442 0.1835 0.6152 0.1948 0.3466 0.2770 0.2737 0.1314 0.3230 0.2466 0.2416 0.3020 −0.0396 0.3803 0.0377 0.1200 0.3480 0.1409 0.5829 0.8522 0.5117 0.4435 0.7724 0.5841 0.5911 0.4367 0.5260 0.4710 0.8114 0.4636 0.3996 0.7706 0.5697 0.5807 0.4549 0.4406 0.3921 0.4497 0.4233 0.9176 0.0222 0.2119 0.6863 0.3472 0.2515 0.7052 0.5748 0.5549 0.3433 0.3448 0.2372 0.2685 0.3207 0.2899 0.1752 0.4707 0.4435 0.4123
2-142
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-141
Critical Constants and Acentric Factors of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (Concluded)
Cmpd.
no. 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Vc,
Acentric
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
Tc, K
Pc, MPa
m3/kmol
Zc
factor
Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl amine Propylbenzene Propylene Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C3H14 C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H5N C5H10O2 C3H9N C9H12 C3H6 C4H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H 2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6 79-09-4 107-12-0 109-60-4 107-10-8 103-65-1 115-07-1 110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
148.116 40.064 44.096 60.095 60.095 122.207 58.079 74.079 55.079 102.132 59.110 120.192 42.080 88.105 76.161 76.161 76.094 108.095 104.079 104.149 118.088 64.064 146.055 80.063 166.131 230.304 198.388 72.106 132.202 88.171 114.229 84.140 92.138 133.404 184.361 101.190 59.110 120.192 120.192 114.229 114.229 213.105 227.131 156.308 172.308 86.089 52.075 62.498 161.490 18.015 106.165 106.165 106.165
791 394 369.83 536.8 508.3 636 504.4 600.81 564.4 549.73 496.95 638.35 364.85 538 517 536.6 626 683 259 636 806 430.75 318.69 490.85 1113 857 693 540.15 720 631.95 568 579.35 591.75 602 675 535.15 433.25 664.5 649.1 543.8 573.5 846 828 639 703.9 519.13 454 432 543.15 647.096 617 630.3 616.2
4.72 5.25 4.248 5.169 4.765 3.12 4.92 4.668 4.18 3.36 4.74 3.2 4.6 4.02 4.75 4.63 6.1 5.96 3.72 3.84 4.71 7.884 3.76 8.21 3.95 2.99 1.57 5.19 3.65 5.16 2.87 5.69 4.108 4.48 1.68 3.04 4.07 3.454 3.232 2.57 2.82 3.39 3.04 1.95 2.119 3.958 4.86 5.67 3.06 22.064 3.541 3.732 3.511
0.421 0.165 0.2 0.219 0.222 0.437 0.204 0.235 0.229 0.345 0.26 0.44 0.185 0.285 0.254 0.254 0.239 0.291 0.202 0.352 0.317 0.122 0.19852 0.127 0.424 0.731 0.897 0.224 0.408 0.249 0.461 0.219 0.316 0.281 0.826 0.39 0.254 0.414 0.43 0.468 0.455 0.479 0.572 0.685 0.715 0.27 0.205 0.179 0.408 0.0559472 0.375 0.37 0.378
0.302 0.264 0.276 0.254 0.25 0.258 0.239 0.22 0.204 0.254 0.298 0.265 0.281 0.256 0.281 0.264 0.28 0.305 0.349 0.256 0.223 0.269 0.282 0.255 0.181 0.307 0.244 0.259 0.249 0.245 0.28 0.259 0.264 0.252 0.247 0.266 0.287 0.259 0.258 0.266 0.269 0.231 0.253 0.252 0.259 0.248 0.264 0.283 0.276 0.229 0.259 0.264 0.259
0.7025 0.1041 0.1523 0.6209 0.6544 0.3420 0.2559 0.5796 0.3243 0.3889 0.2798 0.3444 0.1376 0.3088 0.2138 0.2318 1.1065 0.4945 0.3858 0.2971 0.9922 0.2454 0.2151 0.4240 1.0591 0.5513 0.6430 0.2254 0.3353 0.1996 0.2450 0.1970 0.2640 0.2591 0.6174 0.3162 0.2062 0.3666 0.3787 0.3035 0.2903 0.8623 0.8972 0.5303 0.6236 0.3513 0.1069 0.1001 0.2815 0.3449 0.3265 0.3101 0.3218
All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for the acentric factor was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
COMPRESSIBILITIES
2-143
COMPRESSIBILITIES physical Properties of Fluid Systems High Accuracy Data. Results can be pasted into a spreadsheet to facilitate calculation of the compressibility factor.
INTRODUCTION The compressibility factor Z can be calculated by using the defining equation Z = PV/(RT), where P is pressure, V is molar volume, R is the gas constant, and T is absolute temperature. Values of P, V, and T for substances listed in Table 2-184 are given in tables in the Thermodynamic Properties section. For the units used in these tables, R is 0.008314472 MPa·dm3/(mol·K). Values at temperatures and pressures other than those in the tables can be generated for many of the substances in Table 2-184 by going to http://webbook. nist.gov and selecting NIST Chemistry WebBook, then Thermo-
TABLE 2-142
UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: °R = 9⁄5 K To convert bars to pounds-force per cubic inch, multiply by 14.504. To convert bars to kilopascals, multiply by 1 × 102.
Composition of Selected Refrigerant Mixtures Composition (mass percent)
Mixture R-410A R-404A R-507A R-407C (Klea 66) R-407A (Klea 60) R-407B (Klea 61)
TABLE 2-143
Tables
R-32
R-125
2-290 2-288 2-296 2-263, 2-264, 2-289 2-143, 2-261 2-144, 2-262
50
50 44 50 25 40 70
23 20 10
R-134a
R-143a
4
52 50
52 40 20
Compressibility Factors for R 407A (Klea 60) Pressure, bar
T, K 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 Zdew Tdew, K
1 0.9691 0.9737 0.9773 0.9803 0.9828 0.9848 0.9866 0.9881 0.9893 0.9904 0.9914 0.9593 234.3
5 0.0163 0.0161 0.4268 0.8932 0.9080 0.9199 0.9298 0.9380 0.9449 0.9509 0.9560 0.8809 273.3
10 0.0325 0.0321 0.0318 0.0316 0.0360 0.8253 0.8495 0.8689 0.8847 0.8980 0.9092 0.8107 295.1
15 0.0487 0.0480 0.0476 0.0473 0.0473 0.0476 0.7518 0.7889 0.8173 0.8401 0.8588 0.7502 309.6
20 0.0648 0.0640 0.0633 0.0630 0.0629 0.0632 0.0641 0.5737 0.7386 0.7752 0.8038 0.6936 320.9
25 0.0809 0.0798 0.0790 0.0785 0.0784 0.0787 0.0797 0.0816 0.6279 0.6993 0.7425 0.6381 330.1
30 0.0970 0.0957 0.0947 0.0940 0.0938 0.0942 0.0952 0.0972 0.1011 0.6016 0.6713 0.5813 337.9
Zdew
Pdew
0.9340 0.9136 0.8895 0.8614 0.8290 0.7916 0.7485 0.6983 0.6386 0.5641 0.4564
2.05 3.08 4.46 6.28 8.60 11.53 15.15 19.58 24.96 31.46 39.42
The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1).
TABLE 2-144
Compressibility Factors for R 407B (Klea 61) Pressure, bar
T, K 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 Zdew Tdew, K
1 0.9703 0.9745 0.9779 0.9808 0.9831 0.9851 0.9868 0.9883 0.9895 0.9906 0.9915 0.9587 230.6
5 0.0180 0.0178 0.8785 0.8961 0.9101 0.9215 0.9310 0.9390 0.9457 0.9515 0.9565 0.8774 269.4
10 0.0359 0.0355 0.0352 0.0351 0.5520 0.8290 0.8522 0.8709 0.8864 0.8993 0.9103 0.8036 291.3
15 0.0538 0.0532 0.0527 0.0526 0.0527 0.0533 0.7569 0.7924 0.8200 0.8422 0.8606 0.7389 305.9
20 0.0716 0.0708 0.0702 0.0699 0.0700 0.0707 0.0721 0.6949 0.7428 0.7784 0.8064 0.6776 317.1
25 0.0894 0.0883 0.0875 0.0872 0.0872 0.0879 0.0895 0.0925 0.6453 0.7042 0.7462 0.6164 326.4
30 0.1071 0.1058 0.1048 0.1043 0.1043 0.1050 0.1067 0.1098 0.1164 0.6108 0.6770 0.5518 334.3
Zdew
Pdew
0.9251 0.9024 0.8757 0.8446 0.8085 0.7666 0.7178 0.6600 0.5890 0.4916
2.40 3.56 5.10 7.10 9.64 12.81 16.71 21.45 27.18 34.12
The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W., McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1).
2-144
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-145
Compressibilities of Liquids*
At the constant temperature T, the compressibility β = (1/V 0)(dV/dP). In general as P increases, β decreases rapidly at first and then slowly; the change of β with T is large at low pressures but very small at pressures above 1000 to 2000 megabars. 1 megabar = 0.987 atm = 106 dynes/cm2 based upon the older usage, 1 bar = 1 dyne/cm2.
Substance
Temp., °C
Pressure, megabars
Acetone Acetone Acetone Acetone Amyl alcohol alcohol, iso. alcohol, iso. alcohol, n alcohol, n alcohol, n alcohol, n Benzene Benzene Benzene Bromine Bromine Butyl alcohol, iso alcohol, iso alcohol, iso alcohol, iso alcohol, iso alcohol, iso Carbon bisulfide bisulfide bisulfide bisulfide tetrachloride tetrachloride Chloroform Chloroform Dichloroethylsulfide Dichloroethylsulfide Ethyl acetate acetate
14 20 20 40 14 20 20 20 20 20 40 17 20 20 20 20 18 20 20 20 20 20 16 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 32 13 20
23 500 1,000 12,000 23 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 12,000 5 200 400 200 400 8 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 21 500 1,000 12,000 200 400 200 400 1,000 2,000 23 200
Compressibility per megabar β × 106
Substance
111 61 52 9 88 84 70 61 46 8 8 89 77 67 56 51 97 81 64 56 46 8 86 57 48 6 86 73 83 70 34 24 103 90
Ethyl acetate alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol bromide bromide bromide bromide bromide chloride chloride chloride chloride ether ether ether ether iodide iodide iodide iodide iodide Gallium Glycerol Hexane Hexane Kerosene Kerosene Kerosene Mercury Mercury Mercury Mercury
Temp., °C
Pressure, megabars
Compressibility per megabar β × 106
Substance
20 14 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 20 20 20 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 22 22 22
400 23 500 1,000 12,000 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 23 500 1,000 12,000 23 500 1,000 12,000 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 300 5 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 300 500 1,000 12,000
75 100 63 54 8 100 82 70 54 8 151 102 66 8 188 84 61 10 81 69 64 50 8 3.97 22 117 91 55 45 8 3.95 3.97 3.91 2.37
Methyl alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol Nitric acid Oils: Almond Castor Linseed Olive Rapeseed Phosphorus trichloride trichloride trichloride trichloride Propyl alcohol (n) alcohol (n) alcohol (n?) alcohol (n?) alcohol (n?) Toluene Toluene Turpentine Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Xylene, meta meta
Temp., °C
Pressure, megabars
Compressibility per megabar β × 106
15 20 20 20 20 20 0
23 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 17
103 95 80 65 54 8 32
15 15 15 15 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 40 40 40 20 20
5 5 5 5
53 46 51 55 59 71 63 47 8 77 67 65 47 7 74 64 74 49 43 41 39 38 33 9 69 60
250 500 1,000 12,000 200 400 500 1,000 12,000 200 400 13 200 400 500 500 1,000 12,000 200 400
* Smithsonian Tables, Table 106. Scott (Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959) gives data for liquid nitrogen (p. 283), oxygen (p. 276), and hydrogen (p. 303). For a convenient index to the high-pressure work of Bridgman, see American Institute of Physics Handbook, p. 2-163, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957.
TABLE 2-146
Compressibilities of Solids
Many data on the compressibility of solids obtained prior to 1926 are contained in Gruneisen, Handbuch der Physik, vol. 10, Springer, Berlin, 1926, pp. 1–52; also available as translation, NASA RE 2-18-59W, 1959. See also Tables 271, 273, 276, 278, and other material in Smithsonian Physical Tables, 9th ed., 1954. For a review of high-pressure work to 1946, see Bridgman, Rev. Mod. Phys., 18, 1 (1946).
LATENT HEATS UNITS CONVERSIONS For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32 To convert calories per gram-mole to British thermal units per
pound-mole, multiply by 1.799; to convert calories per gram to British thermal units per pound, multiply by 1.799. To convert millimeters of mercury to pounds-force per square inch, multiply by 1.934 × 10−2.
LATENT HEATS TABLE 2-147
2-145
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds*
Unless stated otherwise, the values have been taken from the compilations by K. K. Kelley on “Heats of Fusion of Inorganic Compounds,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 393 (1936), and “The Free Energies of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Substances,” U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 383 (1935).
Substance Aluminum Al Al2Br6 Al2Cl6 AlF3·3NaF Al2I6 Al2O3 Antimony Sb SbBr3 SbCl3 SbCl5 Sb4O6 Sb4S6 Argon A Arsenic As AsBr3 AsCl3 AsF5 As4O6 Barium Ba BaBr2 BaCl2 BaF2 Ba(NO3)2 Ba3(PO4)2 BaSO4 Beryllium Be Bismuth Bi BiBr3 BiCl3 Bi2O3 Bi2S5 Boron BBr3 BCl3 BF3 B2H6 B3H10 B5H9 B5H11 B10H14 B2H5Br B3N3H6 Bromine Br2 BrF5 Cadmium Cd CdBr2 CdCl2 CdF2 CdI2 CdO CdSO4 Calcium Ca CaBr2 CaCO3 CaCl2 CaF2 Ca(NO3)2 CaO CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2 CaO·MgO·2SiO2 CaO·SiO2 CaSO4 Carbon C (graphite) CBr4 CCl4 CF4 CH4 C2N2 CNBr CNCl
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,a,b cal/mol
660.0 97.5 192.5 1000 191.0 2045
2,550 5,420 16,960 16,380 7,960 (26,000)
2057 256.4 180.2c
61,020 10,920 26,750c
385.5 3000
15,360
630.5 97 73.4 4 655 546
4,770 3,510 3,030 2,400 (27,000) 11,200
1440
46,670
219 172d 1425
10,360 11,570 17,820
−185.8
1,590
610c
31,000c
122 −52.8 457.2
7,570 4,980 14,300
−189.3 814 31 −16 −80.7 313
290 (6,620) 2,810 2,420 2,800 8,000
704 847 960 1287 595 1730 1350
(1,400)e 6,000 5,370 3,000 (5,980) 18,600 9,700
1280
2,500e
271.3
2,505
224 817 747
2,600 6,800 8,900
−128 −165.5 −119.8 −46.9
480
99.7 −104 −58
7,800
−7.2 −61.3
2,580 1,355
320.9 568 568 1110 387
1,460 (5,000) 5,300 (5,400) 3,660
1000
4,790
851 730 1282 782 1392 561 2707 1550 1392 1512 1297
2,230 4,180 (12,700) 6,100 4,100 5,120 (12,240) 29,400 (18,200) 13,400 6,700
bp at 1 atm, °C
1638
35,670
1420 461 441
18,020 17,350
91.3 12.5 −100.9 −92.4 16 58 67 f 16 50.4
7,300 5,680 4,620 3,685 6,470 7,700 8,500 11,600 6,230 7,670
58.0 40.4
7,420 7,470
765
23,870
967
29,860
796 1559c
25,400 53,820c
1487
36,580
3600 90 −24.0
11,000e 1,050 644
−182.5 −27.8 52 −5
224 1,938u
77 −127.9 −161.4 −21.1
2,240
13
*See also subsection “Thermodynamic Properties.”
Heat of vaporization,a,b cal/mol
7,280 3,110 2,040 5,576u 11,010c 6,300
Substance Carbon (Cont.) CNF CNI CO CO2 COS COCl2 CS2 Cerium Ce Cesium Cs CsBr CsCl CsF CsI CsNO3 Chlorine Cl2 ClF ClF3 Cl2O ClO2 Cl2O7 Chromium Cr CrO2Cl2 Cobalt Co CoCl2 Copper Cu Cu2Br2 Cu2Cl2 CuI Cu2(CN)2 Cu2O CuO Cu2S Fluorine F2 F2 O Gallium Ga Germanium Ge GeH4 Ge2H6 Ge3H8 GeHCl3 GeBr4 GeCl4 Ge(CH3)4 Gold Au Helium He Hydrogen H2 HBr HCl HCN HF (HF)6 HI H2O H22O (= D2O) H2O2 HNO3 H3PO2 H3PO3 H3PO4 H4P2O6 H2 S H2 S 2 H2SO4 H2Se H2SeO4 H2Te Indium In
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,a,b cal/mol
−205.0 −57.5 −138.8
200 1,900 1,129 k
−112.0
1,049 l
775
2,120
28.4
500
642 715
3,600 (2,450)
407
3,250
−101.0
1,531m
1550
3,930
1490 727
3,660 7,390
1083.0
3,110
430
4,890
473 1230 1447 1127
(5,400) (13,400) 2,820 5,500
−223 29.8
bp at 1 atm, °C −72.8 141 −191.5 −78.4c −50.2 8.0
5,780c 13,980c 1,444 6,030 c, r 4,423 k 5,990
690 1300 1300 1251 1280
16,320 35,990 35,690 34,330 35,930
−34.1 −101 11.3 2.0 10.9 79
5,890 6,280 7,100 8,480
2475 117
8,250
959 −165 −109 −105.6 −71 26.1 −49.5 −88
(8,300)
1063.0
3,030
−271.4 −259.2 −86.9 −114.2 −13.2 −83.0
28 575 476 2,009i 1,094
−50.8 0.0 3.8 −2 −47 17.4 74 42.4 55 −85.5 −87.6 10.5
686 1,436 1,501s 2,520c 600 2,310 3,070 2,520 8,300 568t 1,805 2,360
58 −48.9
3,450 1,670
156.4
781
4,878 m
1050
27,170
2595 1355 1490 1336
72,810 16,310 11,920 15,940
−188.2 −144.8 1,336
Heat of vaporization,a,b cal/mol
1,640 2,650
2071 −89.1 31.4 110.6 75g 189 84 44 2966
3,580 5,900 7,550 8,000 8,560 7,030 6,460 81,800
−268.4
22
−252.7 −66.7 −85.0 25.7 33.3 51.2
216 4,210 3,860 6,027i 7,460 5,020
100.0 101.4 158
9,729 h,q 9,945 r,q 10,270
−60.3
4,463 t
−41.3
4,880
−2.2
5,650
2-146
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-147
Substance Iodine I2 ICl(α) ICl(β) IF7 Iron Fe FeCl2 Fe2Cl6 Fe(CO)5 FeO FeS Krypton Kr Lead Pb PbBr2 PbCl2 PbF2 PbI2 PbMoO4 PbO PbS PbSO4 PbWO4 Lithium Li LiBO2 LiBr LiCl LiF LiI LiOH Li2MoO4 LiNO3 Li2SiO3 Li4SiO4 Li2SO4 Li2WO4 Magnesium Mg MgBr2 MgCl2 MgF2 MgO Mg3(PO4)2 MgSiO3 MgSO4 MgZn2 Manganese Mn MnCl2 MnSiO3 MnTiO3 Mercury Hg HgBr2 HgCl2 HgI2 HgSO4 Molybdenum Mo MoF6 MoO3 Neon Ne Nickel Ni NiCl2 Ni(CO)4 Ni2S Ni3S2 Nitrogen N2 NF3 NH3 NH4CNS NH4NO3 N2O NO N2O4 N2O5 NOCl Osmium OsF8 OsO4 (yellow) OsO4 (white) Oxygen O2 O3
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued) mp, °C
Heat of fusion,a,b cal/mol
113.0 17.2 13.9
3,650 2,660 2,270
183 4c
7,460c
1530 677 304 −21 1380 1195
3,560 7,800 20,590 3,250 (7,700) 5,000
2735 1026 319 105
84,600 30,210 12,040 9,000
−157
360e
bp at 1 atm, °C
152.9
Heat of vaporization,a,b cal/mol 10,390
2,310e
327.4 488 498 824 412 1065 890 1114 1087 1123
1,224 4,290 5,650 1,860 5,970 (25,800) 2,820 4,150 9,600 (15,200)
1744 914 954 1293 872
42,060 27,700 29,600 38,300 24,850
1472 1281
51,310 (50,000)
179 845 552 614 847 440 462 705
1,100 (5,570) 2,900 3,200 (2,360) (1,420) 2,480 4,200
1372
32,250
1310 1382 1681 1171
35,420 35,960 50,970 40,770
1177 1249 857 742
7,210 7,430 3,040 (6,700)
650 711 712 1221 2642 1184 1524 1127 589
2,160 8,300 8,100 5,900 18,500 (11,300) 14,700 3,500 (8,270)
1107
1220 650 1274 1404
3,450 7,340 (8,200) (7,960)
2152 1190
557 3,960 4,150 4,500 (1,440)
361 319 304 354
13,980 14,080 14,080 14,260
(6,660) 2,500 (2,500)
(4800) 36 1151
(128,000) 6,000
−38.9 241 277 250 850 2622 17 745 −248.5
1418
32,520 32,690
55,150 29,630
77
−246.0
440e
1455
4,200
2730 987c 42.5
87,300 48,360c 7,000
645 790
(2,980) 5,800 −195.8 −129.0 −33.4
1,336 3,000 5,581n
−88.5 −151.7 30 32.4 −6.4
3,950 3,307 7,040 13,800c 6,140
47.4 130
6,840 9,450
−183.0 −111
1,629 2,880
−210.0
172
−77.7 146 169.6 −90.8 −163.6 −13
1,352n (4,700) 1,460 1,563 550 5,540
56 42
4,060 2,340
−218.9
106
Substance Palladium Pd Phosphorus P4 (yellow) P4 (violet) P4 (black) PCl3 PH3 P4O6 P4O10(α) P4O10(β) POCl3 P2S3 Platinum Pt Potassium K KBO2 KBr KCl KCN KCNS K2CO3 K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 KF KI K2MoO4 KNO3 KOH KPO3 K3PO4 K4P2O7 K2SO4 K2TiO3 K2WO4 Praseodymium Pr Radon Rn Rhenium Re Re2O7 Re2O8 Rubidium Rb RbBr RbCl RbF RbI RbNO3 Selenium Se2 Se6 SeF6 SeO2 SeOCl2 Silicon Si SiCl4 Si2Cl6 Si3Cl8 (SiCl3)2O SiF4 Si2F6 SiF3Cl SiF2Cl2 SiH4 Si2H6 Si3H8 Si4H10 SiH3Br SiH2Br2 SiHCl3 (SiH3)3N (SiH3)2O SiO2 (quartz) SiO2 (cristobalite) Silver Ag AgBr AgCl AgCN AgI AgNO3 Ag2S Ag2SO4 Sodium Na NaBO2
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,a,b cal/mol
1554
4,120
bp at 1 atm, °C
44.2
615
−133.8 23.8 569
270o 3,360 17,080
1.1
3,110
1773.5
4,700
(4400)
63.5 947 742 770 623 179 897 984 398 857 682 922 338 360 817 1340 1092 1074 810 927
574 (5,700) 5,000 6,410 (3,500) 2,250 7,800 6,920 8,770 6,500 4,100 (4,000) 2,840 (2,000) 2,110 8,900 14,000 8,100 (10,600) (4,400)
776
18,920
1383 1407
37,060 38,840
1324
34,690
1327
30,850
932
2,700
−71 (3000) 296 147
15,340 3,800
39.1 677 717 833 638 305
525 3,700 4,400 4,130 2,990 1,340
217
1,220
10
1,010
1427 −67.6 −1
9,470 1,845
−33 −18.5 −138 −144 −185 −132.5 −117 −93.5 −93.8 −70.0 −126.5 −105.6 −144 1470 1700
3,900
960.5 430 455 350 557 209 842 657
2,700 2,180 3,155 2,750 2,250 2,755 3,360 (4,300)
97.7 966
630 8,660
3,400 2,100
280 417c 453c 74.2 −87.7 174 591 358c 105.1 508
Heat of vaporization,a,b cal/mol
12,520 25,600c 33,100 7,280 3,489 o 10,380 20,670 8,380 (107,000)
−61.8
4,010
362.4
18,060
679 1352 1381 1408 1304 753 736 −45.8c 317c 168 2290 56.8 139 211.4 135.6 −94.8c −18.9c −70.1 −31.5 −111.6 −14.3 53.1 100 2.4 70.5 31.8 48.7 −15.4 2230
18,110 37,120 36,920 39,510 35,960 25,490 20,600 6,350c 20,900
6,860 12,340 8,820 6,130c 10,400c 4,460 5,080 2,960 5,110 6,780 8,890 5,650 6,840 6,360 6,850 5,350
2212
60,720
1564
42,520
1506
34,450
914
23,120
LATENT HEATS TABLE 2-147
2-147
Heats of Fusion and Vaporization of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
Substance Sodium (Cont.) NaBr NaCl NaClO3 NaCN NaCNS Na2CO3 NaF NaI Na2MoO4 NaNO3 NaOH aNa2O·aAl2O3·3SiO2 NaPO3 Na4P2O7 Na2S Na2SiO3 Na2Si2O5 Na2SO4 Na2WO4 Strontium Sr SrBr2 SrCl2 SrF2 Sr3(PO4)2 Sulfur S (rhombic) S (monoclinic) S2Cl2 SF6 SO2 SO3(α) SO3(β) SO3(γ) SOBr2 SOCl2 SO2Cl2 Tellurium Te TeCl4 TeF6
mp, °C
Heat of fusion,a,b cal/mol
747 800 255 562 323 854 992 662 687 310 322 1107 988 970 920 1087 884 884 702
6,140 7,220 5,290 (4,400) 4,450 7,000 7,000 5,240 3,600 3,760 2,000 13,150 (5,000) (13,700) (1,200) 10,300 8,460 5,830 5,800
757 643 872 1400 1770
2,190 4,780 4,100 4,260 18,500
112.8 119.2 −75.5 17 32.4 62.2
453
1,769p 2,060 2,890 6,310
3,230
bp at 1 atm, °C
Heat of vaporization,a,b cal/mol
1392 1465
37,950 40,810
1500
37,280
1704
53,260
1378
1384
33,610
444.6
2,200
138 −63.5c −5.0 44.8
8,720 5,600c 5,960p 10,190
139.5 75.4 69.2
9,920 7,600 7,760
1090 392 −38.6c
16,830 6,700c
Substance Thallium Tl TlBr TlCl Tl2CO3 TlI TlNO3 Tl2S Tl2SO4 Tin Sn4 SnBr2 SnBr4 SnCl2 SnCl4 Sn(CH3)4 SnH4 SnI4 Titanium TiBr4 TiCl4 TiO2 Tungsten W WF6 Uranium UF6 Xenon Xe Zinc Zn ZnCl2 Zn(C2H5)2 ZnO ZnS Zirconium ZrBr4 ZrCl4 ZrI4 ZrO2
a
k
b
l
c
m
Values in parentheses are uncertain. For the freezing point or the normal boiling point unless otherwise stated. Sublimation. d Decomposes at about 75 °C; value obtained by extrapolation. e Bichowsky and Rossini, Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances, Reinhold, New York (1936). f Decomposes before the normal boiling point is reached. g Decomposes at about 40 °C; value obtained by extrapolation. h See also pp. 2-304 through 2-307 on steam table. i Giauque and Ruehrwein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 2626. j Giauque and Egan, J. Chem. Phys., 5 (1937): 45.
TABLE 2-148
mp, °C
Alloys 30.5 Pb + 69.5 Sn 36.9 Pb + 63.1 Sn 63.7 Pb + 36.3 Sn 77.8 Pb + 22.2 Sn 1 Pb + 9 Sn 24 Pb + 27.3 Sn + 48.7 Bi 25.8 Pb + 14.7 Sn + 52.4 Bi + 7 Cd Silicates Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) Orthoclase (KAlSi2O8) Microcline (KAlSi3O8) Wollastonite (CaSiO8) Malacolite (Ca8MgSi4O12) Diopside (CaMgSi2O4) Olivine (Mg2SiO4) Fayalite (Fe2SiO4) Spermaceti Wax (bees’)
bp at 1 atm, °C
Heat of vaporization,a,b cal/mol
302.5 460 427 273 440 207 449 632
1,030 5,990 4,260 4,400 3,125 2,290 3,000 5,500
1457 819 807
38,810 23,800 24,420
823
25,030
231.8 232 30 247 −33.2
1,720 (1,700) 3,000 3,050 2,190
2270
68,000
623 113 78.3 −52.3
20,740 8,330 7,320 4,420
−149.8 143.5
(4,300)
38.2 −23 1825
(2,060) 2,240 (11,400)
136
3390 −0.4
(8,400) 1,800
(5900) 17.3
(176,000) 6,350
55.1c
9,990c
−111.5 419.5 283 1975 1645
2715
740 1,595 (5,500)
8,350
−108.0
3,110
907 732 118
27,430 28,710 8,960
357c 311c 431c
25,800c 25,290c 29,030c
4,470 (9,000)
20,800
Kemp and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 79. Brown and Manov, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937): 500. Giauque and Powell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61 (1939): 1970. n Overstreet and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc 59 (1937): 254. o Stephenson and Giauque, J. Chem. Phys., 5 (1937): 149. p Giauque and Stephenson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60 (1938): 1389. q Osborne, Stimson, and Ginnings, Bur. Standards J. Research, 23, 197 (1939): 261. r Miles and Menzies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 1067. s Long and Kemp, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 1829. t Giauque and Blue, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 58 (1936): 831. u Ruehrwein and Giauque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61 (1939): 2940.
Heats of Fusion of Miscellaneous Materials
Material
Heat of fusion,a,b cal/mol
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
183 179 177.5 176.5 236 98.8 75.5
17 15.5 11.6 9.54 28 6.85 8.4
43.9 61.8
100 100 83 100 94 100 130 85 37.0 42.3
2-148
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-149
Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds
The values for the hydrocarbons are from the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards, with some from Parks and Huffman, Ind. Eng. Chem., 23, 1138 (1931). The values for the nonhydrocarbon compounds were recalculated from data in International Critical Tables, vol. 5. Hydrocarbon compounds Paraffins Methane Ethane Propane n-Butane 2-Methylpropane n-Pentane 2-Methylbutane 2,2-Dimethylpropane n-Hexane 2-Methylpentane 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane n-Heptane 2-Methylhexane 3-Ethylpentane 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 3,3-Dimethylpentane 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane n-Octane 2-Methylheptane 3-Methylpentane 4-Methylheptane 2,2-Dimethylhexane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 3,3-Dimethylhexane 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 3-Methyl-3-ethylpentane 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane n-Nonane n-Decane n-Undecane n-Dodecane Eicosane Pentacosane Tritriacontane Aromatics Benzene Methylbenzene (Toluene) Ethylbenzene o-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene n-Propylbenzene Isopropylbenzene 1-Methyl-2-ethylbenzene
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
CH4 C 2 H6 C3 H8 C4H10 C4H10 C5H12 C5H12 C5H12 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C9H20 C10H22 C11H24 C12H26 C20H42 C25H52 C33H68
−182.48 −183.23 −187.65 −138.33 −159.60 −129.723 −159.890 −16.6 −95.320 −153.680 −99.73 −128.41 −90.595 −118.270 −118.593 −123.790 −119.230 −134.46 −24.96 −56.798 −109.04 −120.50 −120.955 −121.18 −91.200 −126.10 −114.960 −90.870 −112.27 −107.365 −100.70 −109.210 +100.69 −53.9 −30.0 −25.9 −9.6 +36.4 +53.3 +71.1
14.03 22.712 19.100 19.167 18.668 27.874 17.076 10.786 36.138 17.407 1.607 2.251 33.513 21.158 22.555 13.982 15.968 16.856 5.250 43.169 21.458 23.795 22.692 24.226 26.903 14.9 23.690 22.657 18.061 19.278 3.204 19.392 14.900 41.2 48.3 34.1 51.3 52.0 53.6 54.0
C6H6 C7H8 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12
+5.533 −94.991 −94.950 −25.187 −47.872 +13.263 −99.500 −96.028 −80.833
30.100 17.171 20.629 30.614 26.045 38.526 16.97 19.22 21.13 Heat of fusion, cal/g
Formula
mp, °C
Acetic acid Acetone Acrylic acid Allo-cinnamic acid Aminobenzoic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Amyl alcohol Anethole Aniline Anthraquinone Apiol Azobenzene Azoxybenzene
C2H4O2 C3H6O C3H4O2 C9H8O2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C5H12O C10H12O C6H5NH2 C14H8O2 C12H14O4 C12H10N2 C12H10N2O
16.7 −95.5 12.3 68 145 179.5 188.5 −78.9 22.5 −6.3 284.8 29.5 67.1 36
46.68 23.42 37.03 27.35 35.48 38.03 36.46 26.65 25.80 27.09 37.48 25.80 28.91 21.62
Benzil Benzoic acid Benzophenone Benzylaniline Bromocamphor Bromochlorbenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Bromoiodobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Bromol hydrate Bromophenol (p-) Bromotoluene (p-)
C14H10O2 C7H8O2 C13H10O C13H13N C10H15BrO C6H4BrCl C6H4BrCl C6H4BrCl C6H4BrI C6H4BrI C6H4BrI C2H3Br3O2 C6H5BrO C7H7Br
95.2 122.45 47.85 32.37 78 −12.6 −21.2 64.6 21 9.3 90.1 46 63.5 28
22.15 33.90 23.53 21.86 41.57 15.41 15.29 23.41 12.18 10.27 16.60 16.90 20.50 20.86
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
Hydrocarbon compounds Aromatics—(Cont.) 1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene Naphthalene Camphene Durene Isodurene Prehnitene p-Cymene n-Butyl benzene tert-Butyl benzene β-Methyl naphthalene Diphenyl Hexamethyl benzene Diphenyl methane Anthracene Phenanthrene Tolane Stilbene Dibenzil Triphenyl methane Alkyl cyclohexanes Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane Alkyl cyclopentanes Cyclopentane Methylcyclopentane Ethylcyclopentane 1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane Monoolefins Ethene (Ethylene) Propene (Propylene) 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene 2-Methylpropene (isobutene) 1-Pentene cis-2-pentene trans-2-pentene 2-Methyl-1-butene 3-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene Acetylenes Acetylene 2-Butyne (dimethylacetylene) Nonhydrocarbon compounds
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C10H8 C10H12 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C11H10 C12H10 C12H18 C13H12 C14H10 C14H10 C14H10 C14H12 C14H14 C19H16
−95.55 −62.350 −25.375 −43.80 −44.720 +80.0 +51 +79.3 −24.0 −7.7 −68.9 −88.5 −58.1 +34.1 +68.6 +165.5 +25.2 +216.5 +96.3 +60 +124 +51.4 +92.1
15.14 25.29 16.64 24.54 18.97 36.0 57 37.4 23.0 20.0 17.1 19.5 14.9 20.1 28.8 30.4 26.4 38.7 25.0 28.7 40.0 30.7 21.1
C6H12 C7H14
+6.67 −126.58
7.569 16.429
C5H10 C6H12 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14
−93.80 −142.445 −138.435 −69.73 −53.85 −117.57 −133.680
2.068 19.68 11.10 3.36 3.87 15.68 17.93
C2H4 C 3 H6 C4 H 8 C 4 H8 C4H8 C4H8 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10
−169.15 −185.25 −185.35 −138.91 −105.55 −140.35 −165.27 −151.363 −140.235 −137.560 −168.500 −133.780
28.547 17.054 16.393 31.135 41.564 25.265 16.82 24.239 26.536 26.879 18.009 25.738
C2 H2 C4H6
−81.5 −132.23
23.04 40.808
Formula
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
Butyl alcohol (n-) (t-) Butyric acid (n-)
C4H10O C4H10O C4H8O2
−89.2 25.4 −5.7
29.93 21.88 30.04
Capric acid (n-) Caprylic acid (n-) Carbazole Carbon tetrachloride Carvoxime (d-) (l-) (dl-) Cetyl alcohol Chloracetic acid (α-) (β-) Chloral alcoholate hydrate Chloroaniline (p-) Chlorobenzoic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Chloronitrobenzene (m-) (p-) Cinnamic acid anhydride Cresol ( p-) Crotonic acid (α-) (cis-) Cyanamide Cyclohexanol
C10H20O2 C8H16O2 C12H9N CCl4 C10H15NO C10H15NO C10H15NO C16H34O C2H3ClO2 C2H3ClO2 C4H7Cl3O2 C2H3Cl3O2 C6H6ClN C7H5ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4ClNO2 C9H8O2 C18H14O3 C7H8O C4H6O2 C4H6O2 CH2N2 C6H12O
31.99 16.3 243 −22.8 71.5 71 91 49.27 61.2 56 9 47.4 71 140.2 154.25 239.7 44.4 83.5 133 48 34.6 72 71.2 44 25.46
38.87 35.40 42.05 41.57 23.29 23.41 24.61 33.80 31.06 35.12 24.03 33.18 37.15 39.30 36.41 49.21 29.38 31.51 36.50 28.14 26.28 25.32 34.90 49.81 4.19
LATENT HEATS TABLE 2-149
2-149
Heats of Fusion of Organic Compounds (Concluded) Heat of fusion, cal/g
Formula
mp, °C
Dibromobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dibromophenol (2, 4-) Dichloroacetic acid Dichlorobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dihydroxybenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Di-iodobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dimethyl tartrate (dl-) (d-) pyrone Dinitrobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dinitrotoluene (2, 4-) Dioxane Diphenyl amine
C6H4Br2 C6H4Br2 C6H4Br2 C6H4Br2O C2H2Cl2O2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H6O2 C6H6O2 C6H6O2 C6H4I2 C6H4I2 C6H4I2 C6H10O6 C6H10O6 C7H8O2 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C7H6N2O4 C4H8O2 C12H11N
1.8 −6.9 86 12 −4(?) −16.7 −24.8 53.13 104.3 109.65 172.3 23.4 34.2 129 87 49 132 116.93 89.7 173.5 70.14 11.0 52.98
12.78 13.38 20.55 13.97 14.21 21.02 20.55 29.67 49.40 46.20 58.77 10.15 11.54 16.20 35.12 21.50 56.14 32.25 24.70 39.99 26.40 34.85 25.23
Elaidic acid Ethyl acetate alcohol Ethylene dibromide Ethyl ether
C18H34O2 C4H8O2 C2H6O C2H4Br2 C4H10O
44.4 83.8 −114.4 10.012 −116.3
52.08 28.43 25.76 13.52 23.54
Formic acid
CH2O2
Glutaric acid Glycerol Glycol, ethylene
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
8.40
58.89
C6H8O4 C3H8O3 C2H6O2
97.5 18.07 −11.5
37.39 47.49 43.26
Hydrazo benzene Hydrocinnamic acid Hydroxyacetanilide
C12H12N2 C9H10O2 C8H9NO2
134 48 91.3
22.89 28.14 33.59
Iodotoluene (p-) Isopropyl alcohol ether
C7H7I C3H8O C6H14O
34 −88.5 −86.8
18.75 21.08 25.79
Lauric acid (n-) Levulinic acid
C12H24O2 C5H8O3
43.22 33
43.72 18.97
Menthol (l-) (α) Methyl alcohol Myristic acid Methyl cinnamate fumarate oxalate phenylpropiolate succinate
C10H20O CH4O C14H28O2 C10H10O2 C6H8O4 C4H6O4 C10H8O2 C6H10O4
43.5 −97.8 53.86 36 102 54.35 18 19.5
18.63 23.7 47.49 26.53 57.93 42.64 22.86 35.72
Formula
mp, °C
Heat of fusion, cal/g
Naphthol (α-) (β-) Naphthylamine (α-) Nitroaniline (o-) (m-) (p-) Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzoic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Nitronaphthalene Nitrophenol (o-)
C10H8O C10H8O C10H9N C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H5NO2 C7H5NO4 C7H5NO4 C7H5NO4 C10H7NO2 C6H5NO3
95.0 120.6 50 71.2 114.0 147.3 5.85 145.8 141.1 239.2 56.7 45.13
38.94 31.30 22.34 27.88 40.97 36.46 22.52 40.06 27.59 52.80 25.44 26.76
Palmitic acid Paraldehyde Pelargic acid (n-) (β-) Pelargonic acid (n-) (α-) Phenol Phenylacetic acid Phenylhydrazine Propyl ether (n)
C16H32O2 C6H12O3 C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C6H6O C8H8O2 C6H8N2 C6H14O
61.82 10.5 12.35 40.92 76.7 19.6 −126.1
39.18 25.02 39.04 30.63 29.03 25.44 36.31 20.66
Quinone
C6H4O2
115.7
40.85
Stearic acid Succinic anhydride Succinonitrile
C18H30O2 C4H4O3 C4H4N2
68.82 119 54.5
47.54 48.74 11.71
Tetrachloroxylene (o-) (p-) Thiophene Thiosinamine Thymol Toluic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Toluidine (p-) Tribromophenol (2, 4, 6-) Trichloroacetic acid Trinitroglycerol Trinitrotoluene (2, 4, 6-) Tristearin
C8H6Cl4 C8H6Cl4 C4H4S C4H8N2S C10H14O C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C7H9N C6H3Br3O C2HCl3O2 C3H5N3O9 C7H5N3O6 C57H110O6
86 95 −39.4 77 51.5 103.7 108.75 179.6 43.3 93 57.5 12.3 80.83 70.8, 54.5
21.02 22.10 14.11 33.45 27.47 35.40 27.59 39.90 39.90 13.38 8.60 23.02 22.34 45.63
Undecylic acid (α-) (n-) (β-) (n-) Urethane
C11H22O2 C11H22O2 C3H7NO2
28.25 48.7
32.20 42.91 40.85
Veratrol
C8H10O2
22.5
27.45
Xylene dibromide (o-) (m-) dichloride (o-) (m-) (p-)
C8H8Br2 C8H8Br2 C8H8Cl2 C8H8Cl2 C8H8Cl2
Nonhydrocarbon compounds
95 77 55 34 100
24.25 21.45 29.03 26.64 32.73
2-150
TABLE 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) Cmpd. no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
Name Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia Anisole Argon Benzamide Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane m-Cresol
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H3N C7H8O Ar C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C7H8O
75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 7440-37-1 55-21-0 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6 108-39-4
44.053 59.067 60.052 102.089 58.079 41.052 26.037 56.063 72.063 53.063 28.960 17.031 108.138 39.948 121.137 78.112 110.177 122.121 103.121 182.218 108.138 136.191 124.203 154.208 159.808 157.008 108.965 94.939 54.090 54.090 58.122 90.121 90.121 74.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 56.106 116.158 134.218 90.187 90.187 54.090 72.106 88.105 69.105 44.010 76.141 28.010 153.823 88.004 70.906 112.557 64.514 119.378 50.488 78.541 78.541 108.138
3.8366 8.107 4.0179 6.352 4.215 4.3511 2.3214 3.8736 4.3756 4.155 0.8474 3.1523 5.8662 0.87308 8.7809 4.5346 6.225 10.19 6.8077 10.523 8.4762 6.228 6.9642 7.635 4 5.552 3.9004 3.169 3.522 3.2632 3.6238 8.9754 9.2247 7.1274 7.9227 3.3774 3.4358 3.3191 5.8276 6.3487 4.9702 4.6432 3.6972 4.6403 6.1947 5.22 2.173 3.496 0.8585 4.3252 1.9311 3.068 5.148 3.524 4.186 2.9745 3.989 3.8871 8.0082
0.40081 0.42 2.6037 0.3986 0.3397 0.34765 0.35938 0.29335 2.2571 0.2733 0.3822 0.3914 0.37127 0.3526 0.1933 0.39053 0.4412 0.478 0.63344 0.87091 0.35251 0.3411 0.44354 0.39182 0.351 0.37694 0.38012 0.3015 0.395 0.3701 0.8337 0.45316 0.42442 0.0483 0.58361 0.5107 0.38004 0.36968 0.38854 0.38222 0.41199 0.399 0.39168 0.3849 1.6524 0.165 0.382 0.2986 0.4921 0.37688 0.94983 0.8458 0.36614 0.3652 0.3584 0.353 0.37956 0.38043 0.45314
C3
C4
−5.0031
2.7069
−4.5116
2.5738
−0.2289
0.2309
0.30877
−0.14162
−0.27365 −0.45568 0.43853
−0.3026
−0.82274
0.39613
0.8966 0.02016 −0.17304
−0.5116 −0.08654 0.05181
−2.8505 0.6692 −0.4339
1.6285 −0.539 0.42213
−0.326
0.2231
−1.0615 −0.9001
0.51894 0.453
Tmin, K
Hv at Tmin × 1E-07
Tmax, K
Hv at Tmax
150.15 353.15 289.81 200.15 178.45 229.32 192.40 185.45 286.15 189.63 59.15 195.41 235.65 83.78 403.00 278.68 258.27 395.45 260.40 321.35 257.85 275.65 243.95 342.20 265.85 242.43 154.55 179.47 136.95 164.25 134.86 220.00 196.15 183.85 158.45 87.80 134.26 167.62 199.65 185.30 157.46 133.02 147.43 176.75 250.00 161.25 216.58 161.11 68.13 250.33 89.56 172.12 227.95 134.80 209.63 175.43 150.35 155.97 285.39
3.2828 6.2386 2.3412 5.4139 3.6390 3.5996 1.6333 3.3881 2.7965 3.6866 0.6759 2.5298 4.9560 0.6561 7.1286 3.4705 5.0597 7.1277 5.3147 7.4895 6.8800 5.1829 5.7930 6.0719 3.2323 4.6875 3.3933 2.7379 3.0540 2.7235 2.8684 7.5185 7.9759 6.3643 6.4607 3.0197 2.9867 2.7630 4.9384 5.5979 4.3505 4.1614 3.1511 3.9797 4.1619 4.7223 1.5202 3.1537 0.6517 3.4528 1.4215 2.2878 4.3707 3.1052 3.5047 2.4520 3.4862 3.3586 6.3326
466.00 761.00 591.95 606.00 508.20 545.50 308.30 506.00 615.00 535.00 132.45 405.65 645.60 150.86 824.00 562.05 689.00 751.00 699.35 830.00 720.15 662.00 718.00 773.00 584.15 670.15 503.80 467.00 452.00 425.00 425.12 680.00 676.00 563.10 535.90 419.50 435.50 428.60 575.40 660.50 570.10 554.00 440.00 537.20 615.70 582.25 304.21 552.00 132.50 556.35 227.51 417.15 632.35 460.35 536.40 416.25 503.15 489.00 705.85
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 915,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-151
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122
o-Cresol p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine
C7H8O C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8 C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2 C12H10O C6H15N
95-48-7 106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0 110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6 75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1 101-84-8 142-84-7
108.138 108.138 120.192 52.035 56.106 84.159 100.159 98.143 82.144 70.133 68.117 42.080 116.224 156.265 142.282 172.265 158.281 140.266 174.347 138.250 4.032 187.861 187.861 173.835 130.228 147.002 147.002 147.002 98.959 98.959 84.933 112.986 112.986 105.136 73.137 74.122 90.187 66.050 66.050 52.023 101.190 102.175 114.185 90.121 104.148 54.090 45.084 86.175 112.213 112.213 112.213 94.199 46.068 73.094 100.202 194.184 60.170 62.134 78.133 194.184 88.105 170.207 101.190
7.1979 8.4942 5.766 3.384 3.334 4.4902 9.1791 5.6772 4.4405 3.8911 3.8107 2.7672 5.6067 7.9073 6.6126 13.107 7.9041 6.6985 8.0617 6.9461 0.1657 5.712 5.37 4.82 5.9616 5.6899 6.2117 5.9765 4.2117 4.5507 4.186 4.774 4.675 10.154 4.6133 4.06 4.7659 3.2312 3.4552 2.8081 5.007 4.6117 5.0256 4.3872 4.7999 3.856 4.09 4.1509 5.0402 5.2852 5.1194 4.9825 2.994 5.9217 4.6533 8.1578 2.8365 3.9022 6.629 7.236 5.051 6.8243 5.428
0.40317 0.50234 0.38939 0.3707 0.3395 0.39881 0.6382 0.37431 0.37479 0.36111 0.3543 0.35588 0.38729 0.4129 0.39797 1.0674 −1.36 0.76944 0.41045 0.42109 0.352 0.5255 0.416 0.3771 0.38833 0.35765 0.42845 0.38559 0.36927 0.34444 0.4092 0.39204 0.36529 0.3403 0.42628 0.3868 0.37987 0.37653 0.3499 0.3364 0.4362 0.4 0.29611 0.56226 0.30724 0.3737 0.42005 0.38383 0.4036 0.41607 0.405 0.3958 0.3505 0.37996 0.37577 0.29346 0.35393 0.37731 0.4084 0.2424 0.3791 0.30877 0.3665
−0.97372 4.0854 −0.79975
−0.60662 −0.024545
0.40491 −2.3871 0.42379
0.4202 0.091361
304.19 307.93 177.14 245.25 182.48 279.69 296.60 242.00 169.67 179.28 138.13 145.59 189.64 267.15 243.51 304.55 280.05 206.89 247.56 229.15 18.73 210.15 282.85 220.60 175.30 248.39 256.15 326.14 176.19 237.49 178.01 200.00 172.71 301.15 223.35 156.85 169.20 154.56 215.00 136.95 176.85 187.65 204.81 159.95 226.10 240.91 180.96 145.19 239.66 223.16 184.99 188.44 131.65 212.72 160.00 274.18 122.93 174.88 291.67 413.80 284.95 300.03 210.15
5.7135 6.3649 5.0717 2.3803 2.8083 3.3920 6.2221 4.7739 3.8791 3.3299 3.4046 2.3532 4.9220 6.4201 5.4168 8.7931 8.2959 5.3524 6.7308 5.7192 0.1309 4.6111 4.2346 4.0709 5.1902 4.8419 5.1191 4.6573 3.6189 3.7657 3.5116 4.0147 4.0997 8.4908 3.5761 3.4651 4.1537 2.6659 2.7427 2.3781 4.1823 3.8207 4.4125 3.7528 4.0557 2.9557 3.2678 3.6388 4.0862 4.3662 4.4043 4.3108 2.6032 5.0931 4.0745 7.1632 2.4928 3.3213 5.3804 6.0070 3.9263 5.8546 4.5500
697.55 704.65 631.00 400.15 459.93 553.80 650.10 653.00 560.40 511.70 507.00 398.00 664.00 674.20 617.70 722.10 688.00 616.60 696.00 619.85 38.35 628.00 650.15 611.00 584.10 683.95 705.00 684.75 523.00 561.60 510.00 560.00 572.00 736.60 496.60 466.70 557.15 386.44 445.00 351.26 523.10 500.05 576.00 507.80 543.00 473.20 437.20 500.00 591.15 606.15 596.15 615.00 400.10 649.60 537.30 766.00 402.00 503.04 729.00 772.00 587.00 766.80 550.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-152
TABLE 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Continued) Cmpd. no. 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181
Name Dodecane Eicosane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Helium-4 Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene 3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C12H26 C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2 C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O He C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12 C6H10 C6H14S C6H10 C6H10
112-40-3 112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4 149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6 928-49-4 111-31-9 693-02-7 764-35-2
170.335 282.547 30.069 46.068 88.105 45.084 106.165 150.175 116.158 116.158 112.213 98.186 28.053 60.098 62.068 43.068 44.053 74.079 144.211 130.228 88.148 100.159 62.134 102.132 88.148 163.506 37.997 96.102 48.060 34.033 30.026 45.041 46.026 68.074 4.003 240.468 114.185 100.202 130.185 116.201 116.201 114.185 114.185 98.186 132.267 96.170 226.441 100.159 86.175 116.158 102.175 102.175 100.159 100.159 84.159 82.144 118.240 82.144 82.144
7.7337 12.86 2.1091 5.5789 4.933 4.275 5.4805 6.7093 7.898 5.6419 5.3832 4.8287 1.8844 5.7521 8.3518 4.94 3.6652 4.5909 11.184 6.2786 4.258 5.2207 3.844 5.3325 5.438 4.9482 0.88757 4.582 2.7617 2.4708 3.076 7.358 2.3195 4.005 0.012504 10.473 5.956 5.0014 11.274 7.0236 9.6433 6.3357 6.1425 4.9437 6.5473 4.8222 10.156 5.6661 4.4544 9.0746 7.035 11.55 5.6231 5.6232 4.1429 4.808 5.8422 4.574 4.911
0.40681 0.50351 0.60646 0.31245 0.3847 0.5857 0.39524 0.33273 0.39445 0.37985 0.41763 0.37804 0.36485 0.34513 0.42625 0.466 0.37878 0.4123 0.86189 0.39513 0.37221 0.34893 0.37534 0.401 0.60624 0.39871 0.34072 0.3717 0.32162 0.37014 0.2954 0.3564 1.9091 0.3995 1.3038 0.4374 0.36474 0.38795 0.86047 −1.3652 0.783 0.42167 0.39802 0.35428 0.40968 0.33858 0.45726 0.38533 0.39002 0.8926 −0.9575 2.2877 0.38207 0.39972 0.49118 0.436 0.38704 0.3698 0.4392
C3
C4
0.32986 −0.55492
−0.42184 0.32799
−0.332
0.169
−0.47845
0.048646
−5.0003
3.2641
−2.6954
1.7098
−0.40661 3.987 −0.27273
−0.012644 −2.2545 0.038495
0.22149
−0.2353
−0.75172 3.1431 −3.6724
0.34378 −1.8066 2.1326
−0.44821
0.32105
Tmin, K
Hv at Tmin × 1E-07
Tmax, K
Hv at Tmax
263.57 309.58 90.35 159.05 189.60 192.15 178.20 238.45 258.15 175.15 161.84 134.71 104.00 284.29 260.15 195.20 160.65 193.55 235.00 180.00 140.00 204.15 125.26 199.25 145.65 167.55 53.48 230.94 129.95 131.35 181.15 275.70 250.00 196.29 2.20 295.13 229.80 182.57 265.83 239.15 230.00 234.15 238.15 154.12 229.92 192.22 291.31 217.15 177.83 269.25 228.55 223.00 217.35 217.50 133.39 170.05 192.62 141.25 183.65
6.2802 9.5933 1.7879 4.9694 4.1490 3.2955 4.7900 5.8382 6.4816 4.9090 4.7318 4.3603 1.5936 4.5918 6.8989 4.0022 3.1271 3.7679 8.2832 5.4262 3.7556 4.4677 3.4489 4.4449 4.4140 4.2942 0.7578 3.7605 2.4089 2.0276 2.5863 6.2844 1.8865 3.2647 0.0097 8.3699 5.0248 4.2619 7.9579 7.6498 6.9638 5.1579 5.0471 4.3208 5.4656 4.1647 8.0225 4.7495 3.7647 6.4783 7.1509 6.5014 4.7135 4.6655 3.6691 4.0831 5.0630 4.0640 4.1067
658.00 768.00 305.32 514.00 523.30 456.15 617.15 698.00 655.00 571.00 609.15 569.50 282.34 593.00 720.00 537.00 469.15 508.40 674.60 583.00 489.00 567.00 499.15 546.00 500.23 559.95 144.12 560.09 375.31 317.42 408.00 771.00 588.00 490.15 5.20 736.00 616.80 540.20 677.30 632.30 608.30 606.60 611.40 537.40 645.00 547.00 723.00 591.00 507.60 660.20 611.30 585.30 587.61 582.82 504.00 544.00 623.00 516.20 549.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-153
182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244
Hydrazine Hydrogen Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl Isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane alpha-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether
H4N2 H2 HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C5H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10 C4H10O C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si C9H10 C5H12O
302-01-2 1333-74-0 10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9 96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5 75-65-0 115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9 98-83-9 1634-04-4
32.045 2.016 80.912 36.461 27.025 20.006 34.081 88.105 59.110 104.061 86.089 16.042 32.042 73.094 74.079 40.064 86.089 31.057 136.148 68.117 72.149 102.132 88.148 70.133 70.133 66.101 88.148 104.214 68.117 102.132 80.589 98.186 114.185 114.185 114.185 84.159 82.144 82.144 115.034 60.095 72.106 76.161 60.052 88.148 100.159 57.051 74.122 86.132 90.187 48.107 100.116 158.238 86.175 102.175 58.122 74.122 56.106 88.105 74.122 90.187 46.144 118.176 88.148
5.9794 0.10127 2.485 2.2093 3.349 13.451 2.5676 4.0385 4.4041 11.767 4.6095 1.0194 5.0451 7.3402 4.492 3.1889 4.68 3.858 6.8504 4.1233 3.7593 7.48 10.178 3.9091 3.9248 3.648 4.5302 5.3416 3.792 5.3781 3.2835 4.7528 6.477 7.8011 7.8995 4.3595 4.3541 4.209 3.6756 3.53 4.622 4.4842 4.103 4.2678 5.4687 4.2967 3.8501 4.7075 4.5052 3.4448 5.468 10.53 4.2522 5.0002 3.188 7.7646 3.2614 5.008 4.2719 4.8253 2.2656 5.8071 3.872
0.9424 0.698 0.39 0.3466 0.2053 13.36 0.37358 0.82698 0.43325 0.37877 0.23331 0.26087 0.33594 0.38974 0.3685 0.37881 0.349 0.404 0.38852 0.426 0.39173 0.3933 1.3211 0.39866 0.36173 0.3863 0.37779 0.3835 0.3565 0.39523 0.33116 0.39437 0.4853 0.4172 0.42479 0.38507 0.36805 0.36779 0.31266 0.376 0.355 0.41151 0.3825 0.37995 0.40583 0.37922 0.36453 0.33601 0.36493 0.37427 0.4472 0.7454 0.3807 0.3781 0.39006 0.56757 0.38073 0.3959 0.43175 0.38087 0.30269 0.37009 0.044
−1.398 −1.817
−23.383
0.8862 1.447
10.785
−2.033
1.4769
−0.14694
0.22154
−1.2234
0.44836
−0.39297
0.047214
0.448
−0.112
274.69 13.95 185.15 158.97 259.83 277.56 187.68 227.15 177.95 407.95 288.15 90.69 175.47 301.15 175.15 170.45 196.32 179.69 260.75 159.53 113.25 193.00 155.95 135.58 139.39 160.15 157.48 175.30 183.45 187.35 139.05 146.58 299.15 280.15 269.15 130.73 146.62 115.00 182.55 160.00 186.48 167.23 174.15 150.00 189.15 256.15 127.93 180.15 171.64 150.18 224.95 240.00 119.55 176.00 113.54 298.97 132.81 185.65 133.97 160.17 116.34 249.95 164.55
4.5238 0.0913 1.8817 1.7498 2.8176 0.7104 1.9782 3.5534 3.5874 9.0033 4.0342 0.8724 4.3825 5.9384 3.8418 2.5882 3.9913 3.1006 5.7026 3.4864 3.3657 6.5004 7.3738 3.4072 3.4558 3.1332 3.9438 4.6699 3.1681 4.5694 2.8974 4.2291 4.9050 6.0500 6.1926 3.9115 3.8769 3.8439 3.1686 2.9751 3.9704 3.8406 3.4644 3.7232 4.6507 3.2402 3.4235 4.1240 3.9340 2.9825 4.3596 8.1106 3.8300 4.3168 2.8070 4.6771 2.8195 4.2231 3.7041 4.2499 2.0069 4.8591 3.6017
653.15 33.19 363.15 324.65 456.65 461.15 373.53 605.00 471.85 805.00 662.00 190.56 512.50 718.00 506.55 402.40 536.00 430.05 693.00 490.00 460.40 643.00 577.20 465.00 470.00 492.00 512.74 593.00 463.20 554.50 442.00 572.10 686.00 614.00 617.00 532.70 542.00 526.00 483.00 437.80 535.50 533.00 487.20 497.00 574.60 488.00 464.48 553.40 553.10 469.95 566.00 694.00 497.70 546.49 407.80 506.20 417.90 530.60 476.25 565.00 352.50 654.00 497.10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-154
TABLE 2-150 Heats of Vaporization of Inorganic and Organic Liquids (J/kmol) (Concluded) Cmpd. no. 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302
Name Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-07
C2
C3H6O C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N 2O NO C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C9H14 C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H5N C5H10O2
107-25-5 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 10102-43-9 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9 85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6 79-09-4 107-12-0 109-60-4
58.079 128.171 20.180 75.067 28.013 71.002 61.040 44.013 30.006 268.521 142.239 128.255 158.238 144.255 144.255 126.239 160.320 124.223 254.494 128.212 114.229 144.211 130.228 130.228 128.212 128.212 112.213 146.294 110.197 90.035 31.999 47.998 212.415 86.132 72.149 102.132 88.148 88.148 86.132 86.132 70.133 104.214 104.214 68.117 68.117 178.229 94.111 119.121 148.116 40.064 44.096 60.095 60.095 122.207 58.079 74.079 55.079 102.132
3.587 7.0911 0.2389 5.1459 0.74905 1.6402 4.7417 2.3215 2.131 11.674 7.3363 6.037 12.38 7.5429 7.9797 5.9054 7.5239 6.3337 10.969 6.7735 5.518 12.23 7.2468 7.6376 6.5363 6.6142 5.4859 6.8907 5.4046 11.473 0.9008 1.8587 9.6741 5.1478 3.9109 7.3197 7.39 11.111 5.174 5.2359 3.5027 5.0573 5.4315 3.954 4.4158 8.3482 7.306 5.5769 6.916 2.9535 2.9209 6.8988 7.2542 5.8866 4.1492 4 4.9348 5.4327
0.3769 0.46468 0.3494 0.33017 0.40406 0.36494 0.3062 0.384 0.4056 0.45865 0.41735 0.38522 0.69869 −1.5966 −1.0341 0.61039 0.3991 0.3975 0.44327 0.40607 0.38467 0.69294 −1.2464 −0.7612 0.38718 0.58562 0.26207 0.40017 0.35299 0.37238 0.4542 0.30416 0.45399 0.37541 0.38681 1.2093 -0.1464 1.8011 0.39422 0.40465 0.3481 0.45827 0.3972 0.3512 0.44347 0.33172 0.4246 0.30346 0.1755 0.41367 0.78237 0.6458 0.79137 0.38533 0.36751 1.3936 0.41873 0.407
C3
−0.317
C4
0.27343
0.097854 4.6489 3.553 −0.54533
−0.35082 −2.7229 −2.1149 0.30683
0.12287 3.6797 2.7875
−0.36132 −2.0665 −1.6033
−0.40512 0.50642
0.22144 −0.43873
−0.4096
0.3183
−1.9114 1.4751 −2.1801
1.1591 −0.9208 1.0641
−0.19672 −0.22568
0.22394 0.16393
−0.77319 −0.5384 −0.66092
0.39246 0.3317 0.34223
−2.9465
1.794
Tmin, K
Hv at Tmin × 1E-07
Tmax, K
151.15 353.43 24.56 183.63 63.15 66.46 244.60 182.30 109.50 305.04 255.15 219.66 285.55 268.15 238.15 191.91 253.05 223.15 301.31 246.00 216.38 289.65 257.65 241.55 252.85 255.55 171.45 223.95 193.55 462.65 54.36 80.15 283.07 182.00 143.42 239.15 195.56 200.00 196.29 234.18 108.02 160.75 197.45 167.45 163.83 372.38 314.06 243.15 404.15 136.87 85.47 146.95 185.26 199.00 170.00 252.45 180.26 178.15
3.0567 5.2691 0.1803 4.5533 0.6024 1.4519 4.0220 1.6502 1.4578 9.2185 5.9779 5.0545 8.7232 8.2411 8.0370 4.9218 6.2506 5.2606 8.7246 5.5600 4.5898 8.4658 7.6793 7.3759 5.3646 5.2076 4.7927 5.8506 4.6743 8.3393 0.7742 1.6625 7.6728 4.4502 3.3968 5.3813 6.7005 6.6655 4.3663 4.2075 3.2232 4.4343 4.6322 3.4025 3.7321 6.9340 5.6577 4.8418 6.1001 2.4755 2.4787 5.8356 5.5370 5.0941 3.5675 3.0922 4.2005 4.6322
437.00 748.40 44.40 593.00 126.20 234.00 588.15 309.57 180.15 758.00 658.00 594.60 710.70 670.90 649.50 593.10 681.00 598.05 747.00 638.90 568.70 694.26 652.30 629.80 632.70 627.70 566.90 667.30 574.00 804.00 154.58 261.00 708.00 566.10 469.70 639.16 588.10 561.00 561.08 560.95 464.80 584.30 598.00 481.20 519.00 869.00 694.25 653.00 791.00 394.00 369.83 536.80 508.30 636.00 504.40 600.81 564.40 549.73
Hv at Tmax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Propyl amine Propylbenzene Propylene Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C3H9N C9H12 C3H6 C4H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
107-10-8 103-65-1 115-07-1 110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
59.110 120.192 42.080 88.105 76.161 76.161 76.094 108.095 104.079 104.149 118.088 64.064 146.055 80.063 166.131 230.304 198.388 72.106 132.202 88.171 114.229 84.140 92.138 133.404 184.361 101.190 59.110 120.192 120.192 114.229 114.229 213.105 227.131 156.308 172.308 86.089 52.075 62.498 161.490 18.015 106.165 106.165 106.165
4.4488 5.8887 2.5216 4.9687 4.2191 4.4782 8.07 6.49 2.4105 5.726 12.018 3.676 2.571 7.337 8.824 8.7165 9.0539 4.3021 6.8086 5.0642 4.9055 4.5854 4.9507 5.0929 8.4339 4.664 3.305 5.9996 5.9254 4.7711 4.991 10.687 10.686 7.2284 8.7274 4.77 3.649 3.4125 4.5659 5.2053 5.4626 5.5395 5.3819
0.39494 0.38534 0.33721 0.4025 0.41161 0.41073 0.295 0.3112 0.37988 0.4055 0.37149 0.4 0.383 0.5647 0.3224 0.44467 0.36972 0.43054 0.38904 0.40678 0.38756 0.37742 0.38013 0.4257 0.3663 0.354 0.35578 0.35709 0.37949 0.383 0.38 0.40074 0.40607 −1.5834 0.3765 0.4 0.4513 0.36278 0.3199 0.37289 0.37788 0.36695
−0.18399
5.0913
0.22377
−3.2171
0.043 −0.212
0.25795
188.36 173.55 87.89 180.25 142.61 159.95 213.15 388.85 186.35 242.54 460.65 197.67 223.15 289.95 298.15 329.35 279.01 164.65 237.38 176.99 373.96 234.94 178.18 236.50 267.76 158.45 156.08 247.79 229.33 165.78 172.22 398.40 354.00 247.57 288.45 180.35 173.15 119.36 178.35 273.16 225.30 247.98 286.41
3.6857 5.2110 2.3177 4.2162 3.6942 3.8723 7.1374 4.9933 1.4873 4.7128 8.7719 2.8753 1.6208 4.4303 8.8240 7.4548 7.2002 3.7610 5.7314 4.4565 3.1691 3.7484 4.3246 4.2130 6.8015 4.1011 2.8216 5.0818 5.0713 4.1561 4.3530 8.3906 8.5455 5.9240 8.9007 4.0619 2.9876 2.9491 3.9520 4.4733 4.6112 4.5859 4.2787
496.95 638.35 364.85 538.00 517.00 536.60 626.00 683.00 259.00 636.00 806.00 430.75 318.69 490.85 298.15 857.00 693.00 540.15 720.00 631.95 568.00 579.35 591.75 602.00 675.00 535.15 433.25 664.50 649.10 543.80 573.50 846.00 828.00 639.00 703.90 519.13 454.00 432.00 543.15 647.10 617.00 630.30 616.20
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 88,240,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
The heat of vaporization Hv is calculated by Hv = C1(1 − Tr) C2+ C3T + C4T + C5T r
2 r
3 r
where Tr = T/Tc, Tc is the critical temperature from Table 2-141, Hv is in J/kmol, and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-155
2-156
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS UNITS CONVERSIONS
To convert kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin to British thermal units per pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 0.2388.
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: °F = 9⁄ 5 °C + 32 °R = 1.8 K
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
To convert calories per gram-kelvin to British thermal units per pound-degree Rankine, multiply by 1.0; to convert calories per mole-kelvin to British thermal units per pound-mole-degree Rankine, multiply by 1.0. TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds* Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
c l c l c l c c c c l c l c c, sillimanite c, disthene c, andalusite c, mullite c c c
4.80 + 0.00322T 7.00 18.74 + 0.01866T 29.5 13.25 + 0.02800T 31.2 76 19.3 50.5 38.63 + 0.04760T − 449200/T 2 142 16.88 + 0.02266T 28.8 22.08 + 0.008971T − 522500/T 2 40.79 + 0.004763T − 992800/T 2 41.81 + 0.005283T − 1211000/T 2 43.96 + 0.001923T − 1086000/T 2 59.65 + 0.0670T 113.2 + 0.0652T 63.5 235
273–931 931–1273 273–370 370–407 273–465 465–504 288–327 288–326 288–326 273–1273 1273–1373 273–464 464–480 273–1973 273–1573 273–1673 273–1573 273–576 273–575 273–373 288–325
1 5 3 5 3 3 ? ? ? 2 ? 3 5 3 3 2 3 5 3 ? ?
c l c c c c c
5.51 + 0.00178T 7.15 17.2 + 0.0293T 10.3 + 0.0511T 19.1 + 0.0171T 22.6 + 0.0162T 24.2 + 0.0132T
273–903 903–1273 273–370 273–346 273–929 273–1198 273–821
2 5 ? ? ? ? ?
g
4.97
c l c c
5.17 + 0.00234T 31.9 8.37 + 0.0486T 25.8
273–1168 286–371 273–548 293–373
5 ? ? ?
c c c c c, α c, β c c c
17.0 + 0.00334T 28.2 37.3 51 17.26 + 0.0131T 30.0 34 39.8 21.35 + 0.0141T
273–1198 273–307 273–307 289–320 273–1083 1083–1255 273–297 285–371 273–1323
? ? ? ? 5 15 ? ? 5
c c c c
4.698 + 0.001555T − 121000/T 2 8.69 + 0.00365T − 313000/T 2 25.4 20.8
273–1173 273–1175 273–373 273–373
1 5 ? ?
Substance Aluminum1 Al AlBr3 AlCl3 AlCl3·6H2O AlF3 AlF3·3aH2O AlF3·3NaF AlI3 Al2O3 Al2O3·SiO2 3Al2O3·2SiO2 4Al2O3·3SiO2 Al2(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3·18H2O Antimony Sb SbBr3 SbCl3 Sb2O3 Sb2O4 Sb2S3 Argon2 A Arsenic As AsCl3 As2O3 As2S3 Barium BaCl2 BaCl2·H2O BaCl2·2H2O Ba(ClO3)2·H2O BaCO3 BaMoO4 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 Beryllium3,4 Be BeO BeO·Al2O3 BeSO4
Additional data are contained in the subsection “Thermodynamic Properties.” Data on water are also contained in that subsection. Additional tables for water are found in Eng. Sci. Data Item 68008, 251 Regent Street, London, England, which contains about 5000 values from 1 to 1000 bar, 0 to 1500 °C.
State†
All
0
*From Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 371, 1934. For a revision see Kelley, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 477, 1948. Data for many elements and compounds are given by Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960, for cryogenic temperatures. Tabulated data for gases can be obtained from many of the references cited in the “Thermodynamic Properties” subsection and other tables in this section. Thinh, Duran, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 50, 98 (January 1971), review previous equation fits and give newer fits for 408 hydrocarbons and related compounds. Later publications include Duran, Thinh, et al., Hydrocarbon Process., 55, 153 (August 1976); Thompson, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 22(4), 431 (1977); and Passut and Danner, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 11, 543 (1972); 13, 193 (1974). † The symbols in this column have the following meaning; c, crystal; l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance Bismuth4 Bi Bi2O3 Bi2S3 Boron B B2O3 BN Bromine Br2 Cadmium Cd CdO CdS CdSO4·8/3H2O Calcium Ca CaCl2 CaCO3 CaF2 CaMg(CO3)2 CaMoO4 CaO Ca(OH)2 CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2 CaO·MgO·2SiO2 CaO·SiO2 CaP2O6 CaSO4 CaSO4·2H2O CaWO4 Carbon5 C CH4 CO6 CO2 CS2 Cerium Ce CeO2 Ce2(MoO4)3 Ce2(SO4)3 Ce2(SO4)3·5H2O Cesium Cs CsBr CsCl CsF CsI Chlorine Cl2 Chromium4 Cr CrCl3 Cr2O3 CrSb CrSb2 Cr2(SO4)3 Cobalt4 Co CoAs2·CoS2 CoSb Co2Sn CoS CoSO4·7H2O
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
c l c c
5.38 + 0.00260T 7.60 23.27 + 0.01105T 30.4
273–544 544–1273 273–777 284–372
3 3 2 ?
c gls gls c
1.54 + 0.00440T 5.14 + 0.0320T 30.4 1.61 + 0.00400T
273–1174 273–513 513–623 273–1173
5 3 3 5
g
9.00
300–2000
5
c l c c c
5.46 + 0.002466T 7.13 9.65 + 0.00208T 12.9 + 0.00090T 51.3
273–594 594–973 273–2086 273–1273 293
1 5 ? ? ?
c c c c c c c c c c, anorthite gls c, diopside gls c, wollastonite c, pseudowollastonite gls c c c c
5.31 + 0.00333T 6.29 + 0.00140T 16.9 + 0.00386T 19.68 + 0.01189T − 307600/T 2 14.7 + 0.00380T 40.1 33 10.00 + 0.00484T − 108000/T 2 21.4 63.13 + 0.01500T − 1537000/T 2 67.41 + 0.01048T − 1874000/T 2 54.46 + 0.005746T − 1500000/T 2 51.68 + 0.009724T − 1308000/T 2 27.95 + 0.002056T − 745600/T 2 25.48 + 0.004132T − 488100/T 2 23.16 + 0.009672T − 487100/T 2 39.5 18.52 + 0.02197T − 156800/T 2 46.8 27.9
273–673 673–873 273–1055 273–1033 273–1651 299–372 273–297 273–1173 276–373 273–1673 273–973 273–1573 273–973 273–1573 273–1673 273–973 287–371 273–1373 282–373 292–322
2 2 ? 3 ? ? ? 2 ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ? 5 ? ?
c, graphite c, diamond g g g l
2.673 + 0.002617T − 116900/T 2 2.162 + 0.003059T − 130300/T 2 5.34 + 0.0115T 6.60 + 0.00120T 10.34 + 0.00274T − 195500/T 2 18.4
273–1373 273–1313 273–1200 273–2500 273–1200 293
2 3 2 1a 1a ?
c c c c c
5.88 + 0.00123T 15.1 96 66.4 131.6
273–908 273–373 273–297 273–373 273–319
? ? ? ? ?
c l g c c c c
1.96 + 0.0182T 8.00 4.97 12.6 + 0.00259T 11.7 + 0.00309T 11.3 + 0.00285T 11.6 + 0.00268T
273–301 302 All 273–909 273–752 273–957 273–894
3 3 0 ? ? ? ?
g
8.28 + 0.00056T
273–2000
1a
c l c c c c c
4.84 + 0.00295T 9.70 23 26.0 + 0.00400T 12.3 + 0.00120T 19.2 + 0.00184T 67.4
273–1823 1823–1923 286–319 273–2263 273–1383 273–949 273–373
5 10 ? ? ? ? ?
c l c c c c c
5.12 + 0.00333T 8.40 32.9 11.7 + 0.00156T 15.83 + 0.00950T 10.6 + 0.00251T 96
273–1763 1763–1873 283–373 273–1464 273–903 273–1373 286–303
5 5 ? ? 2 ? ?
2-157
2-158
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance Copper7 Cu CuAl CuAl2 Cu3Al CuI CuI2 CuO CuO·SiO2·H2O CuS Cu2S CuS·FeS Cu2Sb Cu2Sb Cu2Se Cu3Si CuSO4 CuSO4·H2O CuSO4·3H2O CuSO4·5H2O Fluorine8 F2 Gallium Ga2O3 Ga2(SO4)3 Germanium4 Ge Gold Au AuSb2 Helium9 He Hydrogen10 H H2 HBr HCl HI H 2O H 2S H2S2O7 Indium In Iodine I2 Iridium Ir Iron4 Fe
FeAs2 Fe3C FeCO3 FeO Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Fe2O3·3H2O FeS FeS2 FeSi Fe2SiO4 FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 FeSO4·4H2O FeSO4·7H2O Krypton Kr
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
273–1357 1357–1573 273–733 273–773 273–775 273–675 274–328 273–810 293–323 273–1273 273–376 376–1173 292–321 273–573 273–693 273–383 383–488 273–1135 282 282 282 282
1 3 2 2 2 ? ? 2 ? ? 3 2 ? 2 2 5 5 ? ? ? ? ?
c l c c c c c c c c c, α c, β c c c c, α c, β c c c c c
5.44 + 0.001462T 7.50 9.88 + 0.00500T 16.78 + 0.00366T 19.61 + 0.01054T 12.1 + 0.00286T 20.1 10.87 + 0.003576T − 150600/T 2 29 10.6 + 0.00264T 9.38 + 0.0312T 20.9 24 13.73 + 0.01350T 21.79 + 0.00900T 20.85 20.35 20.3 + 0.00587T 24.1 31.3 49.0 67.2
g
6.50 + 0.00100T
300–3000
5
c c
18.2 + 0.0252T 62.4
273–923 273–373
? ?
273–1336 1336–1573 273–628 628–713
2 5 1 ?
c c l c, α c, βγ
5.61 + 0.00144T 7.00 17.12 + 0.00465T 11.47 + 0.01756T
g
4.97
g g g g g l g g c l
4.97 6.62 + 0.00081T 6.80 + 0.00084T 6.70 + 0.00084T 6.93 + 0.00083T See Tables 2-153 and 2-305 8.22 + 0.00015T + 0.00000134T 2 7.20 + 0.00360T 27 58
All 273–2500 273–2000 273–2000 273–2000
0 2 2 1a 2
300–2500 300–600 281 308
? 8 ? ?
g
9.00
300–2000
5
c
5.50 + 0.00148T
273–1873
1
c, α c, β c, γ c, δ l c c c c c c c c, α c, β c c c c c c c
4.13 + 0.00638T 6.12 + 0.00336T 8.40 10.0 8.15 17.8 25.17 + 0.00223T 22.7 12.62 + 0.001492T − 76200/T 2 24.72 + 0.01604T − 423400/T 2 41.17 + 0.01882T − 979500/T 2 47.8 2.03 + 0.0390T 12.05 + 0.00273T 10.7 + 0.01336T 10.54 + 0.00458T 33.57 + 0.01907T − 879700/T 2 22 66.2 63.6 96
273–1041 1041–1179 1179–1674 1674–1803 1803–1873 283–373 273–1173 293–368 273–1173 273–1097 273–1065 286–373 273–411 411–1468 273–773 273–903 273–1161 293–373 273–373 282 291–319
3 3 5 5 5 ? 10 ? 2 2 2 ? 5 3 ? 2 2 ? ? ? ?
g
4.97
All
0
c
All
0
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance Lanthanum La La2O3 La2(MoO4)3 La2(SO4)3 La2(SO4)3·9H2O Lead4 Pb Pb3(AsO4)2 PbB2O4 PbB4O7 PbBr2 PbCl2 2PbCl2·NH4Cl PbCO3 PbCrO4 PbF2 PbI2 PbMoO4 Pb(NO3)2 PbO PbO2 Pb2P2O7 PbS PbSO4 PbS2O3 PbWO4 Lithium Li LiBr LiBr·H2O LiCl LiCl·H2O LiF LiI LiI·H2O LiI·2H2O LiI·3H2O LiNO3 Magnesium4 Mg MgAg Mg4Al3 MgAu Mg2Au Mg3Au MgCl2 MgCl2·6H2O MgCO3 MgCu2 Mg2Cu MgNi2 MgO MgO·Al2O3 MgO·SiO2 6MgO·MgCl2·8B2O3 Mg(OH)2 Mg3Sb2 Mg2Si MgSO4 MgSO4·H2O MgSO4·6H2O MgSO4·7H2O
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
c c c c c
5.91 + 0.00100T 22.6 + 0.00544T 86 66.9 152
273–1009 273–2273 273–307 273–373 273–319
? ? ? ? ?
c l c c c c l c l c c c c c l c c c c c c c c c
5.77 + 0.00202T 6.8 65.5 26.5 41.4 18.13 + 0.00310T 27.4 15.88 + 0.00835T 27.2 53.1 21.1 29.1 16.5 + 0.00412T 18.66 + 0.00293T 32.3 30.4 36.4 10.33 + 0.00318T 12.7 + 0.00780T 48.3 10.63 + 0.00401T 26.4 29 35
273–600 600–1273 286–370 288–371 289–371 273–761 761–860 273–771 771–851 293 286–320 292–323 273–1091 273–648 648–776 292–322 286–320 273–544 273–? 284–371 273–873 293–372 293–373 273–297
2 5 ? ? ? 2 10 2 10 ? ? ? ? 2 20 ? ? 2 ? ? 3 ? ? ?
c g c c c c c c c c c c l
0.68 + 0.0180T 4.97 11.5 + 0.00302T 22.6 11.0 + 0.00339T 23.6 8.20 + 0.00520T 12.5 + 0.00208T 23.6 32.9 43.2 9.17 + 0.0360T 26.8
273–459 All 273–825 278–318 273–887 279–360 273–1117 273–723 277–359 277–345 277–347 273–523 523–575
10 0 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5 5
c l c c c c c c c c c c c c c c, amphibole c, pyroxene gls c, α c, β c c c c c c c
6.20 + 0.00133T − 67800/T 2 7.4 10.58 + 0.00412T 34.4 + 0.0198T 11.3 + 0.00189T 16.2 + 0.00451T 21.2 + 0.00614T 17.3 + 0.00377T 77.1 16.9 14.96 + 0.00776T 15.5 + 0.00652T 15.87 + 0.00692T 10.86 + 0.001197T − 208700/T 2 28 25.60 + 0.004380T − 674200/T 2 23.35 + 0.008062T − 558800/T 2 23.30 + 0.007734T − 542000/T 2 58.7 + 0.408T 107.2 + 0.2876T 18.2 28.2 + 0.00560T 15.4 + 0.00415T 26.7 33 80 89
273–923 923–1048 273–905 273–736 273–1433 273–1073 273–1103 273–991 292–342 290 273–903 273–843 273–903 273–2073 288–319 273–1373 273–773 273–973 273–538 538–623 292–323 273–1234 273–1343 296–372 282 282 291–319
1 10 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3 ? 2 2 ? 1 1 1 5 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
2-159
2-160
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
c, α c, β c, γ l c c c c c c c c c c
3.76 + 0.00747T 5.06 + 0.00395T 4.80 + 0.00422T 11.0 16.2 + 0.00520T 7.79 + 0.0421T + 0.0000090T 2 7.43 + 0.01038T − 0.00000362T 2 10.33 + 0.0530T − 0.0000257T 2 19.25 + 0.0538T − 0.0000209T 2 1.92 + 0.0471T − 0.0000297T 2 31 10.21 + 0.00656T − 0.00000242T 2 27.5 78
273–1108 1108–1317 1317–1493 1493–1673 273–923 273–773 273–1923 273–1173 273–1773 273–773 291–322 273–1883 293–373 290–319
5 5 5 10 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
l g g c c c c c, α c, β c c c
6.61 4.97 9.00 11.05 + 0.00370T 15.3 + 0.0103T 25 11.4 + 0.00461T 17.4 + 0.004001T 20.2 11.5 10.9 + 0.00365T 31.0
273–630 All 300–2000 273–798 273–553 285–319 273–563 273–403 403–523 278–371 273–853 273–307
1 0 5 ? ? ? ? 3 3 ? ? ?
c c c
5.69 + 0.00188T − 50300/T 2 15.1 + 0.0121T 19.7 + 0.00315T
273–1773 273–1068 273–729
5 ? ?
g
4.97
c, α c, β l c c c c c c c c
4.26 + 0.00640T 6.99 + 0.000905T 8.55 11.3 + 0.00215T 9.25 + 0.00640T 15.8 + 0.00329T 10.0 + 0.00312T 20.78 + 0.0102T 33.4 82 11.00 + 0.00433T
g g c c, α c, β c c c g
6.50 + 0.00100T 6.70 + 0.00630T 22.8 9.80 + 0.0368T 5.0 + 0.0340T 17.8 31.8 51.6 8.05 + 0.000233T − 156300/T 2
300–3000 300–800 274–328 273–457 457–523 273–328 273–293 275–328 300–5000
3 1a ? 5 5 ? ? ? 2
c
5.686 + 0.000875T
273–1877
1
g
8.27 + 0.000258T − 187700/T
300–5000
1
Substance Manganese Mn
MnCl2 MnCO3 MnO Mn2O3 Mn3O4 MnO2 Mn2O3·H2O MnS MnSO4 MnSO4·5H2O Mercury11 Hg Hg2 HgCl HgCl2 Hg(CN)2 HgI HgI2 HgO HgS Hg2SO4 Molybdenum Mo MoO3 MoS2 Neon12 Ne Nickel4 Ni NiO NiS Ni2Si NiSi Ni3Sn NiSO4 NiSO4·6H2O NiTe Nitrogen13 N2 NH3 NH4Br NH4Cl NH4I NH4NO3 (NH4)2SO4 NO Osmium Os Oxygen14 O2 Palladium Pd Phosphorus P PCl3 P4O10 Platinum4 Pt Potassium K
State†
All 273–626 626–1725 1725–1903 273–1273 273–597 273–1582 273–1273 273–904 293–373 291–325 273–700
2
0 2 5 10 ? 3 ? ? 2 ? ? 2
c
5.41 + 0.00184T
273–1822
2
c, yellow c, red l l c g
5.50 0.21 + 0.0180T 6.6 28.7 15.72 + 0.1092T 73.6
273–317 273–472 317–373 284–371 273–631 631–1371
5 10 10 ? 2 3
c
5.92 + 0.00116T
273–1873
1
c l
5.24 + 0.00555T 7.7
273–336 336–373
5 5
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance Potassium—(Cont.) K K2 KAsO3 KBO2 K2B4O7 KBr KCl KClO3 KClO4 2KCl·CuCl2.2H2O 2KCl·PtCl4 2KCl·SnCl4 2KCl·ZnCl2 2KCN·Zn(CN)2 K2CO3 K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 KF K4Fe(CN)6 K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O KH2AsO4 KH2PO4 KHSO4 KMnO4 KNO3 K2O·Al2O3·3SiO2
K4P2O7 K2SO4 K2S2O3 K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O K2SO4·Cr2(SO4)3·24H2O K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O K2SO4·NiSO4·6H2O K2SO4·ZnSO4·6H2O Prometheum Pr Radon Rn Rhenium Re Rhodium Rh Rubidium Rb RbBr RbCl Rb 2CO3 RbF RbI Scandium Sc2O3 Sc2(SO4)3 Selenium Se Silicon Si SiC SiCl4 SiO2
Silver4 Ag
State† g g c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c l c c c c c c c c c l c, orthoclase gls, orthoclase c, microcline gls, microcline c c c c c c c c
Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK) 4.97 9.00 25.3 12.6 + 0.0126T 51.3 11.49 + 0.00360T 10.93 + 0.00376T 25.7 26.3 63 55 54.5 43.4 57.4 29.9 35.9 42.80 + 0.0410T 96.9 10.8 + 0.00284T 80.1 114.5 32 28.3 30 28 6.42 + 0.0530T 28.8 29.5 69.26 + 0.00821T − 2331000/T 2 69.81 + 0.01053 − 2403000/T 2 65.65 + 0.01102T − 1748000/T 2 64.83 + 0.01438T − 1641000/T 2 63.1 33.1 37 352 324 106 107 120
Range of temperature, K All 300–2000 290–372 273–1220 290–372 273–543 273–1043 289–371 287–318 292–323 286–319 292–323 279–319 277–319 296–372 289–371 273–671 671–757 273–1129 273–319 273–310 289–319 290–320 292–324 287–318 273–401 401–611 611–683 273–1373 273–1373 273–1373 273–1373 290–371 287–371 293–373 292–322 292–324 292–323 289–319 293–317
Uncertainty, % 0 5 ? ? ? 2 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 10 5 10 1a 1a 1a 1a ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
c g
4.97
c
6.30 + 0.00053T
273–2273
All
?
c
5.40 + 0.00219T
273–1877
2
c l c c c c c
3.27 + 0.0131T 7.85 11.6 + 0.00255T 11.5 + 0.00249T 28.4 11.3 + 0.00256T 11.6 + 0.00263T
273–312 312–373 273–954 273–987 291–320 273–1048 273–913
2 5 ? ? ? ? ?
c c
21.1 62.0
273–373 273–373
? ?
c l
4.53 + 0.00550T 8.35
273–490 490–570
2 3
c c l c, quartz, α c, quartz, β c, cristobalite, α c, cristobalite, β gls
5.74 + 0.000617T − 101000/T 2 8.89 + 0.00291T − 284000/T 2 32.4 10.87 + 0.008712T − 241200/T 2 10.95 + 0.00550T 3.65 + 0.0240T 17.09 + 0.000454T − 897200/T 2 12.80 + 0.00447T − 302000/T 2
273–1174 273–1629 293–373 273–848 848–1873 273–523 523–1973 273–1973
2 2 ? 1 3a 2a 2 3a
c l
5.60 + 0.00150T 8.2
273–1234 1234–1573
0
1 3
2-161
2-162
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued)
Substance Silver—(Cont.) Ag3Al Ag2Al AgAl12 AgBr AgCl AgCNO AgI AgNO3 Ag3PO4 Ag2S Ag3Sb Ag2Se Sodium15 Na NaBO2 Na2B4O7 Na2B4O7·10H2O NaBr NaCl NaClO3 NaCNO Na2CO3 NaF Na2HPO4·7H2O Na2HPO4·12H2O NaI NaNO3 Na2O·Al2O3·3SiO2 NaPO3 Na4P2O7 Na2SO4 Na2S2O3 Na2S2O3·5H2O Sodium-potassium alloys15 Strontium SrBr2 SrBr2·H2O SrBr2·6H2O SrCl2 SrCl2·H2O SrCl2·2H2O SrCO3 SrI2 SrI2·H2O SrI2·2H2O SrI2·6H2O SrMoO4 Sr(NO3)2 SrSO4 Sulfur16 S S2 S2Cl2 SO2 Tantalum Ta Tellurium Te Thallium Tl
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
273–902 273–903 273–768 273–703 703–836 273–728 728–806 273–353 273–423 273–433 433–482 482–541 293–325 273–448 448–597 273–694 273–406 406–460
2 2 5 6 5 2 5 ? 6 2 5 5 ? 5 5 5 5 5
273–371 371–451 All 273–1239 289–371 292–323 273–543 273–1074 1073–1205 273–528 528–572 273–353 288–371 273–1261 275–307 275–307 273–936 273–583 583–703 273–1373 273–1173 290–319 290–371 289–371 273–307 273–307
1a 2 0 ? ? ? 2 2 3 3 5 ? ? ? ? ? ? 5 10 1 1 ? ? ? ? ?
c c c c l c l c c, α c, α c, β l c c, α c, β c c, α c, β
22.56 + 0.00570T 16.85 + 0.00450T 58.62 + 0.0575T 8.58 + 0.0141T 14.9 9.60 + 0.00929T 14.05 18.7 8.58 + 0.0141T 18.83 + 0.0160T 25.7 30.2 37.5 18.8 21.8 19.53 + 0.0160T 20.2 20.4
c l g c c c c c l c l c c c c c c c l c, albite gls c c c c c l
5.01 + 0.00536T 7.50 4.97 10.4 + 0.0199T 47.9 147 11.74 + 0.00233T 10.79 + 0.00420T 15.9 9.48 + 0.0468T 31.8 13.1 28.9 10.4 + 0.00289T 86.6 133.4 12.5 + 0.00162T 4.56 + 0.0580T 37.2 63.78 + 0.01171T − 1678000/T 2 61.25 + 0.01768T − 1545000/T 2 22.1 60.7 32.8 34.9 86.2
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
18.1 + 0.00311T 28.9 82.1 18.2 + 0.00244T 28.7 38.3 21.8 18.6 + 0.00304T 28.5 39.1 84.9 37 38.3 26.2
273–923 277–370 276–327 273–1143 276–365 277–366 281–371 273–783 276–363 275–336 275–333 273–297 290–320 293–369
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
c, rhombic c, monoclinic g l g
3.63 + 0.00640T 4.38 + 0.00440T 8.58 + 0.00030T 27.5 7.70 + 0.00530T − 0.00000083T 2
273–368 368–392 300–2500 273–332 300–2500
3 3 5 ? 2a
c
5.91 + 0.00099T
273–1173
2
c
5.19 + 0.00250T
273–600
3
c, α c, β
5.32 + 0.00385T 8.12
273–500 500–576
1 1
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS TABLE 2-151
Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
Substance Thallium—(Cont.) Tl TlBr TlCl Thorium Th ThO 2 Th(SO4)2 Tin4 Sn SnAu SnCl2 SnCl4 SnO SnO2 SnPt SnS SnS2 Titanium Ti TiCl4 TiO2 Tungsten W WO3 Uranium U U3O8 Vanadium V Xenon Xe Zinc4 Zn ZnCl2 ZnO ZnS ZnSb ZnSO4 ZnSO4·H2O ZnSO4·6H2O ZnSO4·7H2O Zirconium ZrO2 ZrO2·SiO2 1
State†
Heat capacity at constant pressure (T = K; 0 °C = 273.1 K), cal/(molK)
Range of temperature, K
Uncertainty, %
l c l c l
7.12 12.53 + 0.00100T 16.0 12.56 + 0.00088T 14.2
576–773 273–733 733–800 273–700 700–803
3 10 10 5 10
c c c
6.40 14.6 + 0.00507T 41.2
273–373 273–1273 273–373
? ? ?
c l c c l c c c c c
5.05 + 0.00480T 6.6 11.79 + 0.00233T 16.2 + 0.00926T 38.4 9.40 + 0.00362T 13.94 + 0.00565T − 252000/T 2 11.49 + 0.00190T 12.1 + 0.00165T 20.5 + 0.00400T
273–504 504–1273 273–581 273–520 286–371 273–1273 273–1373 273–1318 273–1153 273–873
2 10 1 ? ? ? ? 1 ? ?
c l c
8.91 + 0.00114T − 433000/T 2 35.7 11.81 + 0.00754T − 41900/T 2
273–713 285–372 273–713
3 ? 3
c c
5.65 + 0.00866 16.0 + 0.00774T
273–2073 273–1550
1 ?
c c
6.64 59.8
273–372 276–314
? ?
c
5.57 + 0.00097T
273–1993
?
g
4.97
c l c c c c c c c c
5.25 + 0.00270T 7.59 + 0.00055T 15.9 + 0.00800T 11.40 + 0.00145T − 182400/T 2 12.81 + 0.00095T − 194600/T 2 11.5 + 0.00313T 28 34.7 80.8 100.2
273–692 692–1122 273–638 273–1573 273–1173 273–810 293–373 282 282 273–307
1 3 ? 1 5 ? ? ? ? ?
c c
11.62 + 0.01046T − 177700/T 2 26.7
273–1673 297–372
5 ?
All
0
See also Table 2-152. Data to 298 K are also given by Scott, Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N.J., 1959. For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957 (Fig. 5), gives data from 400 to 2600°R. 4 See also Table 2-152. 5 For data from 400 to 5500 °R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1975 (Fig. 4). 6 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. 7 For data from 400 to 2350 °R see Stalder, NACA Tech. Note 4141, 1957. 8 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. 9 For liquid and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. 10 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-60-56, 1960. 11 See also Table 2-152; Douglas, Ball, et al., Bur. Stand. J. Res., 46 (1951): 334; Busey and Giaque, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75 (1953): 806; Sheldon, ASME Pap. 49-A-30, 1949. 12 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. 13 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. 14 For solid, liquid, and gas data, see Johnson (ed.), WADD-TR-56-60, 1960. Ozone: For liquid see Brabets and Waterman, J. Chem. Phys., 28 (1958): 1212. 15 For data on liquid Na-K alloys to 1500 °F and for liquid Na to 1460 °F, see Lubarsky and Kaufman, NACA Rep. 1270, 1956. 16 See also Evans and Wagman, Bur. Stand. J. Res. 49 (1952): 141; Gratch, OTS PB 124957, 1950; Guthrie, Scott et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76 (1954): 1488. 2 3
2-163
2-164
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-152
Specific Heat [kJ/(kg·K)] of Selected Elements Temperature, K
Symbol
4
6
8
10
20
40
60
80
100
200
250
300
400
600
800
Al Be Bi Cr Co
0.00026 0.00008 0.00054 0.00016 0.00036
0.00050
0.00088
0.214
0.357
0.00541 0.00050 0.00085
0.0089 0.0014 0.0340 0.0021 0.0048
0.0775
0.00220 0.00029 0.00059
0.00140 0.00028 0.01040 0.00081 0.00121
0.0729 0.0107 0.0404
0.092 0.059 0.110
0.102 0.127 0.184
0.481 0.195 0.109 0.190 0.234
0.797 1.109 0.120 0.382 0.376
0.859 1.537 0.121 0.424 0.406
0.902 1.840 0.122 0.450 0.426
0.949 2.191 0.123 0.501 0.451
1.042 2.605 0.142 0.565 0.509
1.134 2.823 0.136 0.611 0.543
Cu Ge Au Ir Fe
0.00011
0.00024
0.00018
0.00047
0.00048 0.00037 0.00126
0.137 0.108 0.084
0.203 0.153 0.100
0.00061
0.00090
0.0076 0.0129 0.0163 0.0021 0.0039
0.059 0.0619 0.0569
0.00038
0.00086 0.00081 0.00255 0.00032 0.00127
0.0276
0.086
0.154
0.254 0.192 0.109 0.090 0.216
0.357 0.286 0.124 0.122 0.384
0.377 0.305 0.127 0.128 0.422
0.386 0.323 0.129 0.131 0.450
0.396 0.343 0.131 0.133 0.491
0.431 0.364 0.136 0.140 0.555
0.448 0.377 0.141 0.146 0.692
Pb Mg Hg Mo Ni
0.00075 0.00034 0.00417 0.00011 0.00054
0.00242 0.00080 0.01420 0.00019 0.00086
0.00747 0.00155 0.01820 0.00032 0.00121
0.01350 0.00172 0.02250 0.00050 0.00178
0.0531 0.0148 0.0515 0.0029 0.0058
0.0944 0.138 0.0895 0.0236 0.0380
0.108 0.336 0.107 0.061 0.103
0.114 0.513 0.116 0.105 0.173
0.118 0.648 0.121 0.140 0.232
0.125 0.929 0.136 0.223 0.383
0.127 0.985 0.141 0.241 0.416
1.129 1.005 0.139 0.248 0.444
0.132 1.082 0.136 0.261 0.490
0.142 1.177 0.135 0.280 0.590
1.263 0.104 0.292 0.530
Pt Ag Sn Zn
0.00019 0.00016 0.00024 0.00011
0.00028 0.00035 0.00127 0.00029
0.00067 0.00093 0.00423 0.00096
0.00112 0.00186 0.00776 0.00250
0.0077 0.0159 0.0400 0.0269
0.0382 0.0778 0.108 0.123
0.069 0.133 0.149 0.205
0.088 0.166 0.173 0.258
0.101 0.187 0.189 0.295
0.127 0.225 0.214 0.366
0.132 0.232 0.220 0.380
0.134 0.236 0.222 0.389
0.136 0.240 0.245 0.404
0.140 0.251 0.257 0.435
0.146 0.264 0.257 0.479
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)]
2-165
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia [use Eq. (2)] Anisole Argon Benzamide Benzene Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol [use Eq. (2)] 1,3-Butanediol [use Eq. (2)] 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide [use Eq. (2)] Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane
C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H3N C7H8O Ar C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl
75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 7440-37-1 55-21-0 71-43-2 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6
44.053 59.067 60.052 102.089 58.079 41.052 26.037 56.063 72.063 53.063 28.960 17.031 108.138 39.948 121.137 78.112 78.112 110.177 122.121 103.121 182.218 108.138 136.191 124.203 154.208 159.808 157.008 108.965 94.939 54.090 54.090 58.122 90.121 90.121 74.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 56.106 116.158 134.218 90.187 90.187 54.090 72.106 88.105 69.105 44.010 76.141 28.010 153.823 88.004 70.906 112.557 64.514 119.378 50.488 78.541 78.541
115,100 102,300 139,640 36,600 135,600 97,582 −122,020 103,090 55,300 109,900 −214,460 61.289 150,940 134,390 161,440 129,440 162,940 119,780 −5,480 93,383 156,130 −334,997 87,500 100,320 121,770 179,400 121,600 94,364 129,730 135,150 128,860 191,030 55.136 42.152 191,200 426,790 182,050 126,680 112,760 111,850 182,470 232,190 197,890 136,340 65,682 237,700 104,000 −8,304,300 85,600 65.429 −752,700 104,600 63,936 −1,307,500 127,900 124,850 96,910 132,280 69,362
−433 128.7 −320.8 511 −177 −122.2 3,082.7 −247.8 300 −109.75 9,185.1 80,925 93.455 −1,989.4 260.66 −169.5 −344.94 180.34 647.12 242.61 454.49 3,644.21 480 346.89 429.3 −667.11 −9.45 −109.12 −596.54 −311.14 −323.1 −1,675 314,200 324,580 −730.4 −3,694.6 −1,611 −65.47 −104.7 384.52 −13.912 −804.35 −491.54 −300.4 1,329.1 −746.4 174 104,370 −122 28,723 8,966.1 −500.6 46.35 15,338 −345.15 −166.34 −207.9 −153.27 215.01
1.425
C4
C5
0.8985 0.2837 0.34085 −15.895 1.0343 0.35441 −106.12 799.4 0.23602 11.043
0.000689 0.027732
0.41616 −2,651
0.64781 0.85562
−7.77514
1.0701 0.358 0.44032 2.16 0.97007 1.015 12.5 280.19 517.35 2.2998 13.828 11.963 −0.64 0.5214 0.72897 2.7063 1.7219 1.0216 −7.1579 1.829 −433.33 0.5605 −847.39 −30.394 2.2851 −0.1623 −53.974 0.915 0.43209 0.37456 0.50836
0.00591102
−0.0024234 −0.0001523 0.000032 −0.03874 1,413.9 1,449.5 −0.0135 −0.037454 0.002912
4.6121E-05
4.5027E-05
−0.0023017 −0.0012499 0.012755 0.60052 −0.001452 1,959.6 0.034455 0.063483 0.000488
2.008E-06
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
150.15 354.15 289.81 250.00 178.45 229.32 192.40 253.00 286.15 189.63 75.00 203.15 298.15 83.78 403.00 278.68 278.68 258.27 395.45 260.40 321.35 257.85 275.65 243.95 342.20 265.90 293.15 160.00 184.45 136.95 165.00 134.86 220.00 196.15 183.85 158.45 87.80 134.26 167.62 298.15 185.30 157.46 133.02 147.43 176.75 267.95 161.25 220.00 161.11 68.15 250.33 89.56 172.12 227.95 134.80 233.15 175.43 150.35 200.00
0.8221 1.4788 1.2213 1.6435 1.1696 0.8748 0.8021 1.0660 1.4114 1.0183 0.5307 0.7575 1.9978 0.4523 2.6649 1.3251 1.3326 1.6636 2.5042 1.5656 3.0218 1.8905 2.1981 1.8494 2.6868 0.7768 1.4960 0.8818 0.7798 1.1034 1.0333 1.1272 1.5590 0.6251 1.3465 1.3485 1.1015 1.1340 1.0986 2.2649 2.0492 1.6365 1.6003 1.1426 1.4741 1.6902 1.3206 0.7827 0.7577 0.5912 1.2763 0.7810 0.6711 1.3617 0.9800 1.0956 0.7460 1.2073 1.1236
294.00 571.00 391.05 350.00 329.44 354.75 250.00 379.50 375.00 400.00 115.00 401.15 484.20 135.00 563.15 353.24 500.00 442.29 450.00 464.15 640.00 478.60 458.15 472.03 533.37 331.90 495.08 320.00 276.71 290.00 350.00 400.00 670.00 670.00 391.90 372.90 380.00 350.00 274.03 399.26 400.00 390.00 370.00 298.15 300.00 436.42 390.75 290.00 552.00 132.00 388.71 145.10 239.12 360.00 340.00 366.48 373.15 319.67 308.85
1.1097 1.7579 1.5159 2.1545 1.3271 0.9713 0.8853 1.5801 1.6780 1.2271 0.7132 4.1847 2.5153 0.6708 3.0823 1.5040 2.0437 1.9954 2.8572 2.0599 4.4700 2.7617 3.0741 2.6406 3.5075 0.7587 2.0467 1.0453 0.7870 1.2279 1.4148 2.2237 5.2045 5.2437 2.5817 2.7190 1.8103 1.5022 1.2322 2.6537 2.9354 1.9359 1.8844 1.3759 1.6459 2.6031 1.7199 1.6603 1.3125 6.4799 1.6374 0.8007 0.6574 1.8101 1.1632 1.2192 0.9684 1.3523 1.3577
2-166
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)] (Continued)
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116
m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane [use Eq. (2)] 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane
C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8 C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si
108-39-4 95-48-7 106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0 110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6
Mol. wt.
C1
108.138 −246,700 108.138 −185,150 108.138 259,980 120.192 61,723 52.035 65,516 56.106 101,920 84.159 −220,600 100.159 −40,000 98.143 6,110.4 82.144 105,850 70.133 122,530 68.117 125,380 42.080 89,952 116.224 177,560 156.265 150,460 142.282 278,620 172.265 219,840 158.281 4,988,500 140.266 417,440 174.347 314,570 138.250 276,900 4.032 187.861 149,400 187.861 200,560 173.835 202,580 130.228 270,720 147.002 114,880 147.002 93,093 147.002 133,950 98.959 126,340 98.959 179,170 84.933 98,968 112.986 144,560 112.986 111,560 105.136 184,200 73.137 101,330 74.122 44,400 90.187 238,520 66.050 67.155 66.050 82,577 52.023 263,980 101.190 98,434 102.175 163,000 114.185 179,270 90.121 187,790 104.148 199,930 54.090 88,153 45.084 −214,870 86.175 129,450 112.213 134,500 112.213 150,130 112.213 155,560 94.199 171,580 46.068 110,100 73.094 147,900 100.202 146,420 194.184 206,560 60.170 131,810
C2 3,256.8 3,148 −1,112.3 494.81 144.7 −215.81 3,118.3 853 600.94 −60 −403.8 −349.7 −196.63 −179.12 586.63 −197.91 140.41 −52,898 −1,616.5 −160.93 −371.23 −231.8 −491.44 −726.3 −259.83 187.25 183.97 −24.84 −94.63 −444.74 −62.941 −53.605 149.44 286 243.18 1,301 −1,038.4 105,580 109.85 −1,791.1 429.04 −4.5 28.37 −313.41 −191.5 124.16 3,787.2 18.5 8.765 −62.38 −145.26 −256.67 −157.47 −106 59.2 325.75
C3 −7.4202 −8.0367 4.9427 0.063229 0.8103 −9.4216 0.68 1.7344 1.143 0.65237 0.76723 1.0737 0.9968 216.35 5.3948 0.95561 1.5774
C4 0.0060467 0.007254 −0.0054367
0.010687
−0.0010975
−0.37538 −0.004348
0.5946 0.9187 1.3377 0.95427 0.2314 0.48191 0.32 0.93009 0.23265 0.30617
−5.5 4.0587 310.21
0.008763 −0.0044691 −490.54
4.3666 0.62 0.5375 1.1023 0.87664 −13.781 0.608 0.81151 0.8851 1.0932 0.5727 0.51853 0.384 0.604
C5
0.016924
0.00023674
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
285.39 304.20 307.93 177.14 200.08 190.00 279.69 296.60 290.00 169.67 179.28 138.13 150.00 189.64 267.15 243.51 304.75 280.05 206.89 247.56 229.15
2.1895 2.3297 2.2740 1.4937 0.9700 0.9017 1.4836 2.1300 1.8038 1.1525 0.9956 0.9888 0.7514 1.7118 3.0718 2.9409 3.5521 3.5373 2.7541 3.3330 2.7466
400.00 400.00 400.00 425.56 300.08 298.15 400.00 434.00 489.75 356.12 322.40 317.38 298.15 431.95 488.15 460.00 543.15 503.00 443.75 512.35 447.15
2.5578 2.5243 2.5794 2.7229 1.1463 1.0961 2.0323 3.3020 3.0042 1.7072 1.3584 1.2953 0.8932 2.4334 4.3682 4.1478 5.9017 5.0169 3.8250 4.8297 4.2629
210.15 282.85 240.00 175.30 248.39 273.15 326.14 176.19 237.49 180.00 180.00 275.00 301.15 223.35 156.92 181.95 154.56 215.00 200.00 275.00 187.65 204.81 159.95 226.10 240.91 180.96 145.19 239.66 223.16 184.99 188.44 131.65 273.82 90.00 274.16 298.15
1.2695 1.3506 1.0532 2.5450 1.6139 1.6061 1.7711 1.1960 1.2601 0.9518 1.4483 1.5266 2.7033 1.5564 1.4698 1.5703 0.9915 1.0619 0.8042 2.1642 1.8399 2.0763 1.6586 2.0145 1.1806 1.1947 1.4495 1.8321 1.8029 1.6610 1.4355 0.9836 1.4767 1.5664 2.9587 1.3181
381.15 410.00 370.10 450.00 400.00 528.75 513.56 330.45 356.59 320.00 361.25 369.52 541.54 328.60 460.00 322.08 359.98 283.65 250.00 357.05 341.45 410.00 337.45 366.15 300.13 298.15 331.13 392.70 402.94 396.58 360.00 250.00 466.44 380.00 360.00 298.15
1.4743 1.5350 1.1701 3.4704 1.8978 2.5506 2.4829 1.3001 1.3885 1.0265 1.6515 1.6678 3.3908 1.8124 3.3202 1.7579 1.6874 1.1374 0.8912 2.5162 2.3375 2.8126 2.0755 2.4734 1.2542 1.3779 2.0224 2.6309 2.6870 2.6989 1.5340 1.0314 1.8200 2.5613 3.2383 1.3181
2-167
117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177
Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine Dodecane Eicosane Ethane [use Eq. (2)] Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Helium-4 Helium-4 Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane [use Eq. (2)] Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene
C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2 C12H10O C6H15N C12H26 C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2 C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O He He C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12
75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1 101-84-8 142-84-7 112-40-3 112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4 149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 7440-59-7 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6
62.134 146,950 78.133 240,300 194.184 190,020 88.105 956,860 170.207 134,160 101.190 49,120 170.335 508,210 282.547 352,720 30.069 44.009 46.068 102,640 88.105 226,230 45.084 121,700 106.165 154,040 150.175 124,500 116.158 56,359 116.158 82,434 112.213 132,360 98.186 178,520 28.053 247,390 60.098 184,440 62.068 35,540 43.068 46,848 44.053 144,710 74.079 80,000 144.211 207,670 130.228 146,040 88.148 106,250 100.159 229,250 62.134 134,670 102.132 76,330 88.148 103,680 163.506 105,150 37.997 −94,585 37.997 1724,400 96.102 −991,200 48.060 85,663 34.033 74,746 30.026 61,900 45.041 63,400 46.026 78,060 68.074 114,370 4.003 387,220 4.003 410,430 240.468 376,970 114.185 222,360 100.202 61.26 130.185 194,570 116.201 2,416,800 116.201 283,127 114.185 270,730 114.185 265,040 98.186 267,950 132.267 236,870 96.170 46,798 226.441 370,350 100.159 117,700 86.175 172,120 116.158 161,980 102.175 1,638,600 102.175 267,628 100.159 208,250 100.159 235,960 84.159 164,640
−380.06 −595 431.04 −5,559.9 447.67 562.24 −1,368.7 807.32 89,718 −139.63 −624.8 38.993 −142.29 370.6 603.02 422.45 72.74 −518.35 −4,428 −150.2 436.78 205.35 −758.87 223.6 −17.907 458.22 292.15 −404.54 −234.39 400.1 726.3 85.318 7,529.9 −59,924 11,734 −118.56 −132.32 28.3 150.6 71.54 −215.69 −465,570 −464,890 347.82 −105.17 314,410 −23.206 −26,105 −1,037.63 −399.89 −375.68 −1,315.9 −158.01 761.13 231.47 329.52 −183.78 44.116 −17,261 −1,033.06 −107.47 −345.94 −200.37
1.2035 1.013
−0.00084787
9.6124 3.1015 0.2122 918.77 −0.030341 1.472
−1,886 0.0020386
0.80539 0.20992 0.64738 2.3255 40.936 0.37044 −0.18486
−0.0016818 −0.1697
2.8261
−0.003064
0.00026816
1.0493 1.1382 0.59656 −2.6047 0.46693 −139.6 537.85 −40.669 0.55459 0.53772
0.72691 211,800 135,100 0.57895 0.65074 1,824.6 0.88395 110.03 3.44064 1.0601 1.0024 6.5242 0.78982 −0.62882 0.68632 0.88734 0.709 71.721 3.35185 0.2062 0.94278 0.8784
0.0040957 1.1301
−0.0033241
0.047333
−42,494
3212.9
−2,547.9 −0.19172
0.00011968
−0.011994
9.3808E-06
−0.12026
0.000071087
0.00070293
174.88 291.67 423.40 284.95 300.03 277.90 263.57 309.58 92.00 159.05 189.60 192.15 178.20 238.45 258.15 285.50 161.84 134.71 104.00 284.29 260.15 250.00 160.65 254.20 235.00 298.15 298.15 204.15 125.26 298.15 145.65 167.55 58.00 53.48 239.99 140.00 140.00 204.00 292.00 281.45 187.55 2.20 1.80 295.13 229.80 182.57 265.83 239.15 230.00 234.15 238.15 154.12 229.92 200.00 291.31 217.15 177.83 269.25 228.55 223.00 217.35 217.50 133.39
1.1276 1.5293 3.7252 1.5306 2.6847 2.0537 3.6292 6.2299 0.6855 0.8787 1.6068 1.2919 1.5426 2.1287 2.1203 2.2015 1.6109 1.4678 0.7012 1.7168 1.3666 0.9819 0.8303 1.3684 2.6141 2.8266 1.9335 1.9410 1.1467 1.9562 1.6686 1.3255 0.5541 0.5798 1.3675 0.7994 0.6676 0.6767 1.0738 0.9820 0.9949 0.1087 0.1135 5.3005 2.3256 1.9989 2.5087 2.3590 2.2649 2.3522 2.3242 1.8150 2.4229 1.7387 4.9602 1.8926 1.6750 2.2526 1.9821 2.0394 2.0185 2.0532 1.5354
310.48 422.15 466.35 374.47 570.00 407.90 330.00 616.93 290.00 390.00 350.21 289.73 409.35 486.55 466.95 428.25 404.95 301.82 252.70 390.41 493.15 329.00 283.85 374.20 510.10 417.15 326.15 386.55 315.25 410.00 320.00 371.05 98.00 56.00 319.99 240.00 220.00 234.00 493.00 380.00 304.50 4.60 2.10 575.30 381.25 520.00 496.15 448.60 432.90 480.00 490.00 366.79 460.00 372.93 560.01 401.45 460.00 478.85 460.00 585.30 460.00 460.00 336.63
1.1959 1.6965 3.9104 2.2277 3.8933 2.7846 3.9429 9.3154 1.2444 1.6450 1.8796 1.3300 2.3075 3.0482 3.3794 3.0185 2.6798 1.8767 0.9758 1.8226 2.0598 1.1441 0.8693 1.6367 4.7157 3.3719 2.0153 2.4295 1.2007 2.4037 2.0358 2.0109 0.5966 0.5535 1.5018 0.8915 0.7166 0.6852 1.3765 1.0525 1.1609 0.2965 0.2995 7.6869 2.7685 4.0657 4.0065 3.8766 4.7873 3.2303 3.2163 2.4096 3.3131 2.4319 7.1521 2.4999 2.7534 3.4568 3.5197 8.1124 2.7087 2.7632 1.9673
2-168
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)] (Continued)
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236
3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne Hydrazine Hydrogen [use Eq. (2)] Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide [use Eq. (2)] Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane [use Eq. (2)] Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl-1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl Isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane
C6H10 C6H14S C6H10 C6H10 H4N2 H2 HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C5H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10
928-49-4 111-31-9 693-02-7 764-35-2 302-01-2 1333-74-0 10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9 96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5
82.144 118.240 82.144 82.144 32.045 2.016 80.912 36.461 27.025 20.006 34.081 88.105 59.110 104.061 86.089 16.042 32.042 73.094 74.079 40.064 86.089 31.057 136.148 68.117 72.149 102.132 88.148 70.133 70.133 66.101 88.148 104.214 68.117 102.132 80.589 98.186 114.185 114.185 114.185 84.159 82.144 82.144 115.034 60.095 72.106 76.161 60.052 88.148 100.159 57.051 74.122 86.132 90.187 48.107 100.116 158.238 86.175 102.175 58.122
C1 82,795 303,320 93,000 94,860 79,815 66.653 57,720 47,300 95,398 62,520 64.666 127,540 −32,469 157,850 146,290 65.708 105,800 62,600 61,260 79,791 275,500 92,520 125,630 135,370 108,300 74,200 247,870 149,510 151,600 81,919 177,850 198,390 105,200 102,930 47,726 131,340 50,578 118,600 118,170 155,920 53,271 46,457 27,030 85,383 132,300 161,240 130,200 92,919 183,650 149,770 143,440 191,170 211,170 115,300 255,100 226,650 142,220 251,890 172,370
C2 283.4 −1,009 326 254.15 50.929 6,765.9 9.9 90 −197.52 −223.02 49,354 −65.35 1,977.1 −41.619 −58.59 38,883 −362.23 243.4 270.9 89.49 −1,147 37.45 279.75 −133.34 146 417.4 −1,145 −247.63 −266.72 181.01 −171.57 −220.35 191.1 129.1 338.4 −63.1 508.59 447.07 447.99 −490 327.92 346.93 413 199.08 200.87 −288.61 −396 324.43 −79.862 −529.82 −154.07 −331.04 −661.97 −263.23 −938.4 15.421 −47.83 −468.32 −1,783.9
C3 3.3885 0.043379 −123.63 0.3883 0.6297 22.493 0.82867 −7.0145 0.42817 0.3582 −257.95 0.9379
C4
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
0.00005805
300.00 192.62 200.00 300.00 274.69 13.95 185.15 165.00 259.83 189.79 187.68 270.00 177.95 407.95 288.15 90.69 175.47 359.00 253.40 200.00 196.32 179.69 260.75 159.53 113.25 321.50 155.95 135.58 139.39 298.15 157.48 175.30 200.00 277.25 250.00 146.58 300.00 300.00 300.00 130.73 200.00 200.00 250.00 160.00 186.48 167.23 174.15 298.15 189.15 256.15 127.93 180.15 171.64 150.18 224.95 240.00 119.55 176.00 113.54
1.6781 2.1495 1.5820 1.7110 0.9708 0.1262 0.5955 0.6215 0.7029 0.4288 0.6733 1.7031 1.4621 2.1213 1.5915 0.5361 0.7112 1.4998 1.2991 0.9769 1.4930 0.9925 1.9857 1.3035 1.2328 2.0839 1.5254 1.3282 1.3207 1.3589 1.6928 1.8315 1.4342 1.8678 1.3233 1.3955 2.0315 2.5272 2.5257 1.2492 1.1885 1.1584 1.3028 1.1566 1.4905 1.3484 0.9793 1.8965 1.9029 1.0263 1.3560 1.6348 1.5808 0.8939 1.6611 2.9128 1.4706 2.0728 0.9961
354.35 430.00 344.48 357.67 653.15 32.00 206.45 185.00 298.85 292.67 370.00 427.65 320.00 603.75 434.15 190.00 400.00 538.50 373.40 249.94 353.35 266.82 472.65 314.56 310.00 481.50 404.15 304.31 311.71 305.40 343.31 510.00 299.49 415.87 325.00 320.00 441.15 438.15 440.15 366.48 348.64 338.05 350.00 280.50 373.15 339.80 304.90 350.00 389.15 366.00 310.00 440.00 357.91 298.15 373.45 518.15 333.41 372.00 380.00
1.8322 2.7639 2.0530 1.8576 1.3158 1.3122 0.5976 0.6395 0.7105 0.5119 4.9183 2.5114 1.6671 2.8880 1.8837 14.9780 1.1097 1.9367 1.6241 1.0216 1.9084 1.0251 2.5785 1.5662 1.7048 2.7518 3.4411 1.5921 1.5673 1.3720 2.0661 2.8394 1.6243 2.6474 1.5771 1.9435 2.7494 3.1448 3.1535 1.8682 1.6760 1.6374 1.7158 1.3638 1.7511 1.5344 1.2195 2.0647 2.4460 1.3668 1.6540 2.3610 1.8641 0.9052 2.4118 5.1864 2.0842 2.4663 2.0725
−0.002762
478.27
−1,623 0.0086913 614.07
2.568 0.63868 −0.292
0.00151
3.4223 0.91849 0.90847 0.74379 0.76096 0.62516 0.8125
2.1383
−0.0015585
−0.061547 −0.9597 0.78179 1.21
0.0019533
0.60769 1.3499 0.7255 0.98445 2.4216 0.60412 2.413 1.0578 0.739 1.2209 14.759
−0.0021383
−0.047909
2-169
237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299
2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane alpha-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane [use Eq. (2)] 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde
C4H10O C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si C9H10 C5H12O C3H6O C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N 2O NO C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C9H14 C3H6O
75-65-0 115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9 98-83-9 1634-04-4 107-25-5 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 10102-43-9 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9 85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6
74.122 56.106 88.105 74.122 90.187 46.144 118.176 88.148 58.079 128.171 20.180 75.067 28.013 71.002 61.040 44.013 30.006 268.521 142.239 128.255 158.238 144.255 144.255 126.239 160.320 124.223 254.494 128.212 114.229 144.211 130.228 130.228 128.212 128.212 112.213 146.294 110.197 90.035 31.999 47.998 212.415 86.132 72.149 102.132 88.148 88.148 86.132 86.132 70.133 104.214 104.214 68.117 68.117 178.229 94.111 119.121 148.116 40.064 44.096 60.095 60.095 122.207 58.079
−925,460 87,680 71,140 144,110 179,850 113,470 76,822 134,300 73,600 29,800 1,034,100 187,740 281,970 101,400 116,270 67,556 −2,979,600 342,570 136,820 383,080 224,336 10,483,000 329,641 254,490 265,350 253,580 399,430 130,650 224,830 205,260 571,370 319,198 300,400 289,980 509,420 240,040 42,642 175,510 175,430 60,046 346,910 112,050 159,080 145,050 201,200 251,596 194,590 193,020 156,100 188,200 213,760 86,200 68,671 103,370 101,720 60,834 145,400 66,230 62.983 158,760 471,710 201,400 99,306
7,894.9 217.1 335.5 −102.09 −264.1 421.6 94.356 184.7 527.5 −138,770 −497.6 −12,281 −682.11 −135.3 54.373 76,602 762.08 531.29 −1,139.8 49.726 −115,220 −1,046.78 −298.06 −46.22 −366.3 374.64 463.61 −186.63 44.392 −4,849 −1,042.21 −426.2 −417.27 −4,279.1 −33.198 886.67 −381.36 −6,152.3 281.16 219.54 257.78 −270.5 28.344 −651.3 −1,028.49 −263.86 −176.43 −456.94 −140.84 −324.4 256.6 246.66 527.03 317.61 215.89 252.4 98.275 113,630 −635 −4,172.1 −450.6 115.73
−17.661 −0.9153
0.013617 0.002266
0.58113 0.79202 −0.0032 7,154 1.0691 248 3.8912 0.345 −652.59 0.20481 2.7101 0.9813 476.87 3.61823 1.1707 0.79154 1.4881 0.58156 0.95891 0.8956 19.725 3.52943 1.1172 1.2218 21.477 0.67889 −0.69315 0.64623 113.92
0.0009795 −162.55 −2.2182
1.3841 0.0074902
1.8879
−0.85381
0.00056246
−0.021532
−0.044462
3.5028E-05
−0.92382
0.0027963
−0.003163
0.00000238
0.65632 0.99537 0.6372 2.275 3.26306 0.76808 0.5669 2.255 0.63581 0.9472
0.29552 633.21 1.969 14.745 1.7053
−873.46 −0.0144
298.96 132.81 300.00 133.97 160.17 298.15 249.95 164.55 151.15 353.43 24.56 183.63 63.15 117.00 244.60 182.30 109.50 305.04 255.15 219.66 285.55 310.00 238.15 191.91 253.05 223.15 301.31 246.00 216.38 289.65 250.00 241.55 252.86 255.55 171.45 240.00 200.00 462.65 54.36 90.00 283.07 200.00 143.42 239.15 200.14 200.00 196.29 234.18 108.02 160.75 197.45 200.00 200.00 372.39 314.06 243.15 404.15 200.00 85.47 146.95 185.26 199.00 200.00
2.2016 1.0568 1.7179 1.4086 1.5787 1.1347 1.8220 1.5410 1.0152 2.1623 0.3666 1.3242 0.5593 0.7486 1.0382 0.7747 0.6229 5.9409 2.7238 2.6348 3.1855 3.5059 2.8555 2.4041 3.0434 2.4594 5.6511 2.4470 2.2934 2.9326 2.5550 2.7338 2.6406 2.6314 2.1327 2.7118 1.9225 1.3740 0.5365 0.8535 4.6165 1.6361 1.4076 1.8827 1.6198 1.7642 1.7239 1.8279 1.2939 1.8199 1.8664 1.3752 1.1800 2.9963 2.0147 1.3080 2.4741 0.8589 0.8488 1.0797 1.1329 1.7926 1.2245
460.00 343.15 390.00 312.20 368.69 298.15 438.65 328.18 278.65 491.14 40.00 387.22 112.00 175.50 473.15 200.00 150.00 603.05 468.15 325.00 528.75 460.00 649.50 420.02 492.95 423.85 589.86 447.15 460.00 512.85 467.10 452.90 500.00 440.65 394.41 472.19 399.35 603.00 142.00 150.00 543.84 376.15 390.00 458.95 389.15 561.00 375.46 375.14 350.00 385.15 399.79 313.33 329.27 500.00 425.00 489.75 557.65 238.65 360.00 400.00 355.30 431.65 328.75
2.9455 1.4596 2.0198 1.6888 1.9014 1.1347 2.6176 1.9954 1.2507 2.8888 0.6980 1.5536 0.7960 1.0154 1.2949 0.7843 1.9909 8.7663 3.8554 2.9890 5.2498 4.6494 11.7608 3.3583 4.3491 3.6566 8.2276 3.3795 3.4189 4.6358 4.1566 5.7113 3.6660 3.4335 2.8235 3.7573 2.8619 1.8052 0.9066 1.0222 6.6042 2.0901 2.0498 2.9228 2.9227 7.0158 2.0380 2.0661 1.7251 2.2827 2.3546 1.6660 1.4989 3.6688 2.3670 2.3745 2.8615 0.8968 2.6079 2.1980 2.0487 3.2463 1.3735
TABLE 2-153
Heat Capacities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [J/(kmolK)] (Concluded)
2-170
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl amine Propylbenzene Propylene Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C3H6O2 C3H5N C5H10O2 C3H9N C9H12 C3H6 C4H8O2 C3H2S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
79-09-4 107-12-0 109-60-4 107-10-8 103-65-1 115-07-1 110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
74.079 55.079 102.132 59.110 120.192 42.080 88.105 76.161 76.161 76.094 108.095 104.079 104.149 118.088 64.064 146.055 80.063 166.131 230.304 198.388 72.106 132.202 88.171 114.229 84.140 92.138 133.404 184.361 101.190 59.110 120.192 120.192 114.229 114.229 213.105 227.131 156.308 172.308 86.089 52.075 62.498 161.490 18.015 106.165 106.165 106.165
213,660 118,190 83,400 139,530 174,380 114,140 75,700 138,390 167,330 58,080 45,810 829,380 113,340 244,770 85,743 119,500 258,090
−702.7 −120.98 384.1 78 −101.8 −343.72 326.1 −117.11 −319.1 445.2 368.33 −7,331.5 290.2 −236.96 5.7443
1.6605 0.42075
182,900 353,140 171,730 81,760 123,300 43,326 84,864 140,140 103,350 350,180 111,480 136,050 119,450 178,800 95,275 388,620 40,364 133,530 293,980 129,450 136,300 68,720 −10,320 49,516 276,370 133,860 36,500 −35,500
635.09 29.13 −800.47 455.38 −130.1 630.73 91.725 −152.3 159.3 −104.7 368.13 −288 324.54 −128.47 696.7 −1,439.5 664.46 514.64 −114.98 −3,039.5 −106.17 135 322.8 420.35 −2,090.1 7.8754 1,017.5 1,287.2
C4
C5
0.79 1.0905 0.47059 0.8127 19.203 −0.6051 0.63148
0.0013567
0.86116 2.8934
−0.0025015
0.6229 0.13243 0.695 1.0022 0.9913 0.83741 −1.3765 3.2187 0.96936 27.927 0.75175
8.125 0.52265 −2.63 −2.599
0.0021734
−0.061847
4.3042E-05
−0.014116
9.3701E-06
0.00302 0.002426
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
252.45 180.26 274.70 188.36 173.55 87.89 298.15 142.61 159.95 213.15 388.85 186.35 242.54 460.65 197.67 230.15 303.15
1.4209 1.1005 1.8891 1.5422 1.8051 0.9235 1.7293 1.3126 1.3708 1.5297 1.8904 1.3000 1.6749 2.6961 0.8688 1.1950 2.5809
414.32 370.50 404.70 340.00 432.39 225.45 398.15 350.00 340.87 460.75 683.00 253.15 418.31 604.50 350.00 230.15 303.15
2.0756 1.3112 2.3885 1.6605 2.7806 0.9208 2.0554 1.5505 1.5299 2.6321 2.9738 2.0403 2.2816 3.3228 0.8775 1.1950 2.5809
329.35 279.01 164.65 237.38 176.98 375.41 234.94 178.18 236.50 267.76 200.00 156.08 247.79 229.33 165.78 280.00 398.40 354.00 247.57 289.05 259.56 200.00 200.00 178.35 273.16 217.00 247.98 286.41
3.9207 4.2831 1.0721 1.8986 1.1979 2.8011 1.1372 1.3507 1.4102 3.9400 1.8511 1.1525 1.9987 1.9338 1.8285 2.3791 3.0508 3.1571 3.2493 3.9103 1.5939 0.9572 0.5424 1.2449 0.7615 1.6018 1.7314 1.7697
609.15 526.73 339.12 480.77 394.27 426.00 357.31 500.00 300.00 508.62 361.92 276.02 449.27 350.00 520.00 320.00 475.47 475.00 433.42 520.30 389.35 278.25 400.00 363.85 533.15 540.15 417.58 600.00
5.6977 6.0741 1.3546 3.0069 1.6883 3.1202 1.3455 2.3774 1.5114 5.5619 2.4471 1.3208 2.6526 2.3642 3.9095 2.5757 3.5629 3.7798 4.2624 5.5127 2.0892 1.0628 1.1880 2.0246 0.8939 2.9060 2.2269 3.2520
For the 11 substances, ammonia, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, carbon monoxide, 1,1-difluoroethane, ethane, heptane, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and propane, the liquid heat capacity CpL is calculated with Eq. (2) below. For all other compounds, Eq. (1) is used. For benzene, fluorine, and helium, two sets of constants are given for Eq. (1) that cover different temperature ranges, as shown in the table. (1) CpL = C1 + C2T + C3T 2 + C4T 3 + C4T 4 C12 C32t3 C3C4t4 C42t5 (2) CpL = + C2 − 2C1C3t − C1C4t2 − − − t 3 2 5 where t = 1 − Tr, Tr = T/Tc, Tc is the critical temperature from Table 2-141, CpL is in J/(kmolK) and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. For temperatures less than the normal boiling point, the pressure is 1 atm. Above the normal boiling point, the pressure is the vapor pressure. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS TABLE 2-154
Specific Heats of Organic Solids Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Acetic acid Acetone Aminobenzoic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Aniline Anthracene
C2H4O2 C3H6O C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C6H7N C14H10
Anthraquinone Apiol Azobenzene
C14H8O2 C12H14O4 C12H10N2
Benzene
C6H6
Benzoic acid Benzophenone
C7H6O2 C13H10O
Betol
C17H12O3
Bromoiodobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Bromonaphthalene (β-) Bromophenol
C6H4BrI C6H4BrI C6H4BrI C10H7Br C6H5BrO
Camphene Capric acid Caprylic acid Carbon tetrachloride
C10H16 C10H20O2 C8H16O2 CCl4
Cerotic acid Chloral alcoholate hydrate Chloroacetic acid Chlorobenzoic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Chlorobromobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Crotonic acid Cyamelide Cyanamide Cyanuric acid
C27H54O2 C4H7Cl3O2 C2H3Cl3O2 C2H3ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C6H4BrCl C6H4BrCl C6H4BrCl C4H6O2 C3H3N3O3 CH2N2 C3H3N3O3
Dextrin Dextrose
(C6H10O5)x C6H12O6
Dibenzyl Dibromobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dichloroacetic acid Dichlorobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dicyandiamide
C14H14 C6H4Br2 C6H4Br2 C6H4Br2 C2H2Cl2O2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4N4
Temperature, °C −200 to +25 −210 to −80 85 to mp 120 to mp 128 to mp
sp ht, cal/(g°C)
50 100 150 0 to 270 10 28
0.330 + 0.00080t 0.540 + 0.0156t 0.254 + 0.00136t 0.253 + 0.00122t 0.287 + 0.00088t 0.741 0.308 0.350 0.382 0.258 + 0.00069t 0.299 0.330
−250 −225 −200 −150 −100 −50 0 20 to mp −150 −100 −50 0 +20 −150 −100 0 +50 −50 to 0 −75 to −15 −40 to 50 41 32
0.0399 0.0908 0.124 0.170 0.227 0.299 0.375 0.287 + 0.00050t 0.115 0.172 0.220 0.275 0.303 0.129 0.167 0.248 0.308 0.143 + 0.00025t 0.143 0.116 + 0.00032t 0.260 0.263
35 8 −2 −240 −200 −160 −120 −80 −40 15 78 32 60 80 to mp 94 to mp 180 to mp −34 −52 −40 38 to 70 40 20 40
0.380 0.695 0.628 0.013 0.081 0.131 0.162 0.182 0.201 0.387 0.509 0.213 0.363 0.228 + 0.00084t 0.232 + 0.00073t 0.242 + 0.00055t 0.192 0.150 0.150 0.520 + 0.00020t 0.263 0.547 0.318
0 to 90 −250 −200 −100 0 20 28 −36 −25 −50 to +50
0.291 + 0.00096t 0.016 0.077 0.160 0.277 0.300 0.363 0.248 0.134 0.139 + 0.00038t 0.406 0.185 0.186 0.219 + 0.0021t 0.456
−48.5 −52 −50 to +53 0 to 204
2-171
2-172
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA TABLE 2-154
Specific Heats of Organic Solids (Continued) Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105
Compound
Formula
Dihydroxybenzene (o-) (m-) (p-)
C6H6O2 C6H6O2 C6H6O2
Di-iodobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Dimethyl oxalate Dimethylpyrene Dinitrobenzene (o-) (m-) (p-) Diphenyl Diphenylamine Dulcitol
C6H4I2 C6H4I2 C6H4I2 C4H6O4 C7H8O2 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C12H10 C12H11N C6H14O6
Erythritol Ethyl alcohol
C4H10O4 C2H6O (crystalline)
(vitreous)
Temperature, °C
sp. ht., cal/(g°C)
−163 to mp −160 to mp −250 −240 −220 −200 −150 to mp −50 to +15 −52 to −42 −50 to +80 10 to 50 50 −160 to mp −160 to mp 119 to mp 40 26 20
0.278 + 0.00098t 0.269 + 0.00118t 0.025 0.038 0.061 0.081 0.268 + 0.00093t 0.109 + 0.00026t 0.100 + 0.00026t 0.101 + 0.00026t 0.212 + 0.0044t 0.368 0.252 + 0.00083t 0.248 + 0.00077t 0.259 + 0.00057t 0.385 0.337 0.282
60 −190 −180 −160 −140 −130 −190 −180 −175 −170 −190 to −40
0.351 0.232 0.248 0.282 0.318 0.376 0.260 0.296 0.380 0.399 0.366 + 0.00110t
Ethylene glycol
C2H6O2
Formic acid
CH2O2
−22 0
0.387 0.430
Glutaric acid Glycerol
C5H8O4 C3H8O3
20 −265 −260 −250 −220 −200 −100 0
0.299 0.009 0.022 0.047 0.085 0.115 0.217 0.330
Hexachloroethane Hexadecane Hydroxyacetanilide
C2Cl6 C16H34 C8H9NO2
Iodobenzene Isopropyl alcohol
C6H5I C3H8O
Lactose Lauric acid Levoglucosane Levulose
C12H22O11 C12H22O11·H2O C12H24O2 C6H10O5 C6H12O6
Malonic acid Maltose Mannitol Melamine Myristic acid Naphthalene Naphthol (α-) (β-) Naphthylamine (α-) Nitroaniline (o-) (m-) (p-) Nitrobenzoic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Nitronaphthalene
25 41 to mp
0.174 0.495 0.249 + 0.00154t
40 −200 to −160
0.191 0.051 + 0.00165t
20 20 −30 to +40 40 20
0.287 0.299 0.430 + 0.000027t 0.607 0.275
C3H4O4 C12H22O11 C6H14O6 C3H6N6 C14H28O2
20 20 0 to 100 40 0 to 35
0.275 0.320 0.313 + 0.00025t 0.351 0.381 + 0.00545t
C10H8 C10H8O C10H8O C10H9N C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C7H5NO4 C7H5NO4 C7H5NO4 C10H7NO2
−130 to mp 50 to mp 61 to mp 0 to 50 −160 to mp −160 to mp −160 to mp −163 to mp 66 to mp −160 to mp 0 to 55
0.281 + 0.00111t 0.240 + 0.00147t 0.252 + 0.00128t 0.270 + 0.0031t 0.269 + 0.000920t 0.275 + 0.000946t 0.276 + 0.001000t 0.256 + 0.00085t 0.258 + 0.00091t 0.247 + 0.00077t 0.236 + 0.00215t
SPECIFIC HEATS OF PURE COMPOUNDS TABLE 2-154
Specific Heats of Organic Solids (Concluded) Recalculated from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 101–105 Temperature, °C
sp ht, cal/(g°C)
Oxalic acid
C2H2O4 C2H2O4.2H2O
−200 to +50 −200 −100 0 +50 100
0.259 + 0.00076t 0.117 0.239 0.338 0.385 0.416
Palmitic acid
C16H32O2
Phenol Phthalic acid Picric acid
C6H6O C8H6O4 C6H3N3O7
Propionic acid Propyl alcohol (n-)
C3H6O2 C3H8O
Pyrotartaric acid
C6H8O4
−180 −140 −100 −50 0 +20 14 to 26 20 −100 0 +50 100 120 −33 −200 −175 −150 −130 20
0.167 0.208 0.251 0.306 0.382 0.430 0.561 0.232 0.165 0.240 0.263 0.297 0.332 0.726 0.170 0.363 0.471 0.497 0.301
Quinhydrone
C12H10O4
Quinone
C6H4O2
−250 −225 −200 −100 0 −250 −225 −200 −150 to mp
0.017 0.061 0.098 0.191 0.256 0.031 0.082 0.113 0.282 + 0.00083t
Salol Stearic acid Succinic acid Sucrose Sugar (cane)
C13H10O3 C18H36O2 C4H6O4 C12H22O11 C12H22O11
32 15 0 to 160 20 22 to 51
0.289 0.399 0.248 + 0.00153t 0.299 0.301
Tartaric acid Tartaric acid
C4H6O6 C4H6O6·H2O
Tetrachloroethylene Tetryl
C2Cl4 C7H5N5O8
1 Tetryl + 1 picric acid 1 Tetryl + 2 TNT
C13H8N8O15 C21H15N11O20
Thymol Toluic acid (o-) (m-) (p-) Toluidine (p-)
C10H14O C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C7H9N
Trichloroacetic acid Trimethyl carbinol Trinitrotoluene
C2HCl3O2 C4H10O C7H5N3O6
Trinitroxylene
C8H7N3O6
Triphenylmethane
C19H16
36 −150 −100 −50 0 +50 −40 to 0 −100 −50 0 +100 −100 to +100 −100 0 +50 0 to 49 54 to mp 54 to mp 130 to mp 0 20 40 solid −4 −100 −50 0 +100 −185 to +23 20 to 50 0 to 91
0.287 0.112 0.170 0.231 0.308 0.366 0.198 + 0.00018t 0.182 0.199 0.212 0.236 0.253 + 0.00072t 0.172 0.280 0.325 0.315 + 0.0031t 0.277 + 0.00120t 0.239 + 0.00195t 0.271 + 0.00106t 0.337 0.387 0.440 0.459 0.559 0.170 0.253 0.311 0.385 0.241 0.423 0.189 + 0.0027t
Urea
CH4N2O
Compound
Formula
20
0.320
2-173
2-174 TABLE 2-155 Cmpd. no. 1 7 8 14 16 27 29 31 34 37 38 43 59 60 61 64 67 81 88 95 97 98 99 112 120 125 126 134 145 151 156 157 182 183 190 194 197 217 221 231 236
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to a Polynomial Cp [J/(kmol⭈K)] Name
Acetaldehyde Acetylene Acrolein Argon Benzene Bromoethane 1,2-Butadiene Butane 1-Butanol cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene 1-Butyne m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Cyclobutane Cyclohexanone 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,1-Dichloroethane Diethyl ether 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Dimethyl ether 1,4-Dioxane Ethane Ethanol Ethylcyclopentane Ethyl mercaptan Fluoroethane Furan Helium-4 Hydrazine Hydrogen Isopropyl amine Methanol Methyl acetylene Methylcyclopentane Methylethyl ether Methyl mercaptan 2-Methylpropane
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1
C2
C3
C2H4O C2H2 C3H4O Ar C6H6 C2H5Br C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H6 C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C4H8 C6H10O C2H4Br2 C2H4Cl2 C4H10O C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H6 C2H6O C7H14 C2H6S C2H5F C4H4O He H4N2 H2 C3H9N CH4O C3H4 C6H12 C3H8O CH4S C4H10
75-07-0 74-86-2 107-02-8 7440-37-1 71-43-2 74-96-4 590-19-2 106-97-8 71-36-3 590-18-1 624-64-6 107-00-6 108-39-4 95-48-7 106-44-5 287-23-0 108-94-1 557-91-5 75-34-3 60-29-7 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 115-10-6 123-91-1 74-84-0 64-17-5 1640-89-7 75-08-1 353-36-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 302-01-2 1333-74-0 75-31-0 67-56-1 74-99-7 96-37-7 540-67-0 74-93-1 75-28-5
44.053 26.037 56.063 39.948 78.112 108.965 54.090 58.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 54.090 108.138 108.138 108.138 56.106 98.143 187.861 98.959 74.122 66.050 66.050 52.023 46.068 88.105 30.069 46.068 98.186 62.134 48.060 68.074 4.003 32.045 2.016 59.110 32.042 40.064 84.159 60.095 48.107 58.122
29,705 30,800 30,702 20,786 35,978 27,112 27,400 17,330 25,300 39,760 20,908 25,300 29,002 16,192 29,090 31,863 32,182 20,560 19,560 26,040 29,736 27,581 33,851 25,940 28,345 31,742 32,585 34,710 23,014 30,358 40,860 20,786 32,998 64,979 23,590 30,270 30,810 35,465 23,337 31,520 21,380
127.43 −53.08 80.95 0 −101.69 117.99 177.6 458.16 371.2 108.8 324.73 183.2 158.79 469.81 166 37.226 116.87 285.2 249.01 388 72.364 169.88 −20.966 178.46 88.3 26.567 87.4 304.96 271.36 62.839 −160.3 0 −5.2147 −788.17 310.42 84.64 35.8 147.38 309.03 60.1 271.2
−0.21793 0.384 0.191 0 0.939 0 0 −0.816 −0.461 0 −0.411 0 0.635 −0.479 0.616 0.23616 0.547 −0.332 −0.22187 −0.268 0.228 −0.1581 0.17584 −0.186 0.446 0.12927 0.05 −0.084 −0.4427 0.1067 0.87 0 0.21379 5.8287 −0.274 −0.188 0.27 0.242 −0.285 0 −0.092
C4 × 1E 05
−1845.9
C5 × 1E 10
216400
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
50 50 50 100 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
0.3553 0.2911 0.3523 0.2079 0.3324 0.3891 0.3628 0.3820 0.4271 0.4520 0.3612 0.3446 0.3853 0.3849 0.3893 0.3432 0.3939 0.4576 0.4224 0.4477 0.3392 0.3568 0.3324 0.3440 0.3388 0.3339 0.3708 0.4975 0.3548 0.3377 0.3353 0.2079 0.3327 0.3797 0.3843 0.3403 0.3328 0.4344 0.3808 0.3453 0.3471
200 200 200 1,500 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 1,500 200 250 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
0.4647 0.3554 0.5453 0.2079 0.5320 0.5071 0.6292 0.7632 0.8110 0.6152 0.6941 0.6194 0.8616 0.9099 0.8693 0.4876 0.7744 0.6432 0.6049 0.9292 0.5333 0.5523 0.3669 0.5419 0.6385 0.4223 0.5207 0.9234 0.5958 0.4719 0.4360 0.2079 0.4051 0.2834 0.7471 0.3968 0.4877 0.7462 0.7374 0.4354 0.7194
237 238 243 246 247 248 251 253 289 290 294 295 296 304 310 320 321 322 324 331
2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene alpha-Methyl styrene Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitromethane Nitric oxide 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol Propylbenzene Quinone Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene Thiophene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
C4H10O C4H8 C9H10 C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 CH3NO2 NO C5H8 C14H10 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C9H12 C6H4O2 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C4H4S C9H12
75-65-0 115-11-7 98-83-9 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 75-52-5 10102-43-9 627-21-4 85-01-8 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 103-65-1 106-51-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 110-02-1 95-63-6
74.122 56.106 118.176 128.171 20.180 75.067 61.040 30.006 68.117 178.229 40.064 44.096 60.095 120.192 108.095 72.106 132.202 88.171 84.140 120.192
17,080 24,970 37,735 29,120 20,786 33,055 38,782 34,980 24,330 27,700 31,690 26,675 28,800 22,880 29,668 36,970 28,560 41,195 36,765 35,652
381.7 211.8 112.94 82.88 0 89.54 −48.39 −35.32 335.7 210 17.1 147.04 257 538.46 129.07 −12.28 225.1 −88.3 −112.82 323.89
−0.199 0 0.846 0.964 0 0.238 0.413 0.07729 −0.37 1.24 0.282 0 -0.35 -0.546 0.53105 0.444 0.616 0.942 0.862 0.305
−5.7357
0.0014526
50 50 50 50 100 50 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
0.3567 0.3556 0.4550 0.3567 0.2079 0.3813 0.3740 0.3217 0.4019 0.4130 0.3325 0.3403 0.4078 0.4844 0.3745 0.3747 0.4136 0.3914 0.3328 0.5261
200 200 200 200 1,500 200 200 1,500 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
0.8546 0.6733 0.9416 0.8426 0.2079 0.6048 0.4562 0.3586 0.7667 1.1930 0.4639 0.5608 0.6620 1.0873 0.7672 0.5227 0.9822 0.6122 0.4868 1.1263
Constants in this table can be used in the following equation to calculate the ideal gas heat capacity C0p. C0p = C1 + C2T + C3T2 + C4T3 + C5T4 where C0p is in J/(kmol·K) and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-175
2-176
TABLE 2-156 Cmpd. no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmolK)] Name
Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia Anisole Benzamide Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane m-Cresol o-Cresol
Formula C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H3N C7H8O C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C9H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C7H8O C7H8O
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-05
C2 × 1E-05
C3 × 1E-03
C4 × 1E-05
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 55-21-0 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6 108-39-4 95-48-7
44.053 59.067 60.052 102.089 58.079 41.052 26.037 56.063 72.063 53.063 28.960 17.031 108.138 121.137 78.112 110.177 122.121 103.121 182.218 108.138 136.191 124.203 154.208 159.808 157.008 108.965 94.939 54.090 54.090 58.122 90.121 90.121 74.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 56.106 116.158 134.218 90.187 90.187 54.090 72.106 88.105 69.105 44.010 76.141 28.010 153.823 88.004 70.906 112.557 64.514 119.378 50.488 78.541 78.541 108.138 108.138
0.4451 0.342 0.402 0.713 0.5704 0.41914 0.3199 0.48449 0.6059 0.4678 0.28958 0.33427 0.7637 1.9581 0.44767 0.6895 0.77594 0.7186 1.0099 0.84115 0.9521 0.99192 1.0759 0.30113 0.721 0.47191 0.3377 0.575 0.5095 0.7134 1.0478 1.066 0.7454 0.90878 0.64257 0.5765 0.6592 1.1684 1.138 0.92478 0.92367 0.5587 0.89657 1.488 0.6906 0.2937 0.301 0.29108 0.37582 0.92004 0.29142 0.8011 0.4568 0.3942 0.3409 0.621 0.61809 0.7515 0.7988
1.0687 1.294 1.3675 2.222 1.632 0.8876 0.5424 1.2546 1.3703 1.0366 0.0939 0.4898 2.9377 1.7019 2.3085 2.3275 2.6455 2.27 4.4898 3.1428 2.8868 2.9633 4.2105 0.08009 2.064 1.2787 0.715 1.6476 1.705 2.43 2.549 2.575 2.5907 2.5508 2.0618 2.115 2.07 3.769 4.454 2.7795 2.5166 1.6694 2.3731 1.3522 1.9996 0.3454 0.3338 0.08773 0.7054 0.16446 0.09176 2.31 1.2967 0.6573 0.7246 1.843 1.8023 2.09 2.853
1.6141 1.075 1.262 1.6203 1.607 1.5818 1.594 1.3979 1.6475 1.3998 3.012 2.036 1.6051 1.3257 1.4792 1.512 1.7925 1.4669 1.311 1.9539 0.70207 1.5583 1.9041 0.7514 1.6504 1.5957 1.578 1.527 1.5324 1.63 1.8776 1.967 1.6073 1.893 1.6768 1.6299 1.6733 1.956 1.5507 1.6837 1.6109 1.5328 1.9754 1.146 1.5494 1.428 0.896 3.0851 0.5121 1.0764 0.949 2.157 1.5992 0.928 1.723 1.629 1.5438 0.6666 1.4765
0.6135 0.64 0.7003 1.676 0.968 0.5032 0.4325 0.87243 1.0446 0.6536 0.0758 0.2256 2.17 −37.417 1.6836 1.7516 2.2382 1.693 2.8395 2.5743 1.6385 2.2116 4.1785 0.1078 1.687 0.85166 0.4175 0.99 1.337 1.5033 1.875 1.951 1.732 1.852 1.3324 1.2872 1.251 2.818 3.0497 1.5974 1.5641 1.07 1.5866 −678 1.3146 0.264 0.2893 0.084553 0.485 −5083.8 0.1003 2.046 0.859 0.493 0.448 1.2337 1.1893 1.212 2.042
737.8 502 569.7 746.5 731.5 699.8 607.1 633.26 751.49 629.35 1484 882 751.2 41.232 677.66 697.9 835.9 680.77 627.4 850.06 2002.6 719.16 828.81 314.6 765.3 703.87 691.4 677.3 685.6 730.42 833 860.5 712.4 832.13 757.06 739.1 742.2 811.2 708.86 758.68 739.2 656 904.13 6.98 675 588 374.7 1538.2 236.1 2.3486 425 897.6 708.8 399.6 780.5 724 685.93 2214 664.7
200 100 50 200 200 100 200 200 250 200 50 100 300 298.15 200 200 200 200 300 298.15 300 300 200 100 200 200 100 200 200 200 298.15 298.15 200 298.15 250 200 200 300 200 200 200 200 200 298.15 200 50 100 60 100 298 50 200 100 100 150 200 200 200 200
0.4660 0.3448 0.4020 0.7665 0.6049 0.4192 0.3566 0.5467 0.6984 0.5156 0.2896 0.3343 1.1302 1.2745 0.5358 0.7689 0.8126 0.8053 1.8001 1.1198 1.5501 1.4156 1.1481 0.3090 0.7679 0.5089 0.3378 0.6269 0.5756 0.7673 1.2667 1.2679 0.8162 1.1257 0.7571 0.6199 0.7004 1.5358 1.2659 0.9714 0.9763 0.6238 0.9119 1.1533 0.7607 0.2937 0.3100 0.2911 0.4730 0.6106 0.2914 0.8219 0.4569 0.4048 0.3424 0.6674 0.6768 0.8701 0.9158
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500.1 1500.15 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 5000 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
1.2994 1.4997 1.5756 2.5675 1.8820 1.1285 0.7575 1.5620 1.7424 1.3464 0.3496 0.6647 3.0226 3.2501 2.4157 2.6739 2.9712 2.6706 4.9311 3.2880 4.3445 3.2957 4.5557 0.3794 2.4628 1.5121 0.9107 1.9202 1.9555 2.6602 3.0289 3.0311 2.8509 2.8730 2.2898 2.2715 2.2904 3.6724 4.8435 3.1008 2.9615 1.9209 2.6775 2.5905 2.3273 0.6335 0.6148 0.3521 1.0662 1.0465 0.3793 2.5327 1.5112 1.0063 0.9097 2.1126 2.1023 3.2075 3.2163
2-177
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123
p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine Dodecane
C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8 C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2 C12H10O C6H15N C12H26
106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0 110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6 75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1 101-84-8 142-84-7 112-40-3
108.138 120.192 52.035 56.106 84.159 100.159 98.143 82.144 70.133 68.117 42.080 116.224 156.265 142.282 172.265 158.281 140.266 174.347 138.250 4.032 187.861 187.861 173.835 130.228 147.002 147.002 147.002 98.959 98.959 84.933 112.986 112.986 105.136 73.137 74.122 90.187 66.050 66.050 52.023 101.190 102.175 114.185 90.121 104.148 54.090 45.084 86.175 112.213 112.213 112.213 94.199 46.068 73.094 100.202 194.184 60.170 62.134 78.133 194.184 88.105 170.207 101.190 170.335
0.7384 1.081 0.3545 0.44004 0.432 0.9043 0.67384 0.58171 0.416 0.48074 0.338 0.54305 1.9641 1.672 0.24457 1.6984 1.7101 1.931 1.5045 0.3029 0.5927 0.74906 0.391 1.6122 0.7 0.6948 0.6978 0.5521 0.65271 0.3628 0.7145 0.78658 1.208 0.9102 0.8621 0.91273 0.49653 0.51889 0.35489 1.1384 1.093 1.0869 1.1556 1.0113 0.6534 0.5565 0.7772 1.0776 1.1039 1.0991 0.7843 0.5148 0.722 0.85438 1.396 0.61453 0.6037 0.6949 1.174 0.56184 1.0985 1.2114 2.1295
2.908 3.7932 0.5015 2.3074 3.735 2.5771 3.2598 3.1717 3.014 2.5159 1.6894 3.9962 5.1412 5.353 6.546 5.392 5.2089 5.4815 4.3794 0.0975 1.158 1.2725 0.648 4.4777 2.0746 2.0804 2.078 1.205 1.1254 0.6804 1.7344 1.7429 3.066 2.674 2.551 2.41 1.2546 1.2431 0.71002 2.5747 3.683 4.054 1.8305 3.2393 1.6179 1.6384 4.032 4.6718 4.6445 4.6401 1.4364 1.442 1.783 4.5772 4.78 1.7438 1.3747 1.524 5.32 2.7034 4.3412 2.6127 6.633
1.4559 1.7505 1.057 1.6283 1.192 0.7882 1.3955 1.5435 1.4617 1.5803 1.6135 1.3575 1.8989 1.6141 1.0899 1.568 1.7265 1.6085 1.3291 2.515 1.4931 1.981 1.194 1.6831 1.3664 1.3632 1.3635 1.502 1.7376 1.256 1.524 1.7157 2.089 1.719 1.5413 1.6686 1.5394 1.5048 1.5936 0.7384 1.6057 1.7802 0.95919 1.5611 1.7837 1.7341 1.544 1.654 1.6943 1.6679 1.5836 1.6034 1.532 1.5181 2.19 1.3418 1.641 1.6514 2.105 1.5171 1.6222 0.78956 1.7155
2.091 3.0027 0.452 1.5571 1.635 1.3068 2.0209 2.1273 1.8095 1.7454 1.1768 2.5623 4.1278 3.782 4.8642 3.938 3.5935 3.74 2.5557 −0.0275 0.8428 0.9437 0.42 2.918 1.5983 1.594 1.5965 0.8719 0.878 0.4275 1.223 1.2627 2.343 1.7926 1.437 1.652 0.87561 0.76269 0.4622 1.62 2.342 2.9786 0.99605 2.1501 1.0242 1.0899 2.508 3.3397 3.3949 3.3736 0.871 0.7747 1.31 2.974 3.9705 1.0102 0.7988 1.0658 4.1 1.7658 3.6455 1.6903 4.5161
650.42 794.8 396 744.9 530.1 1952.2 677.33 701.62 668.8 718.37 722.8 618.54 862.51 742 424 720.5 782.92 754.75 632.01 368 655.5 845.2 501 781.6 620.16 619.2 619.37 653.5 795.45 548 674.2 765.1 891 794.94 688.9 771.08 694.17 697.51 762 2143 699 791.6 2826.3 689.3 821.4 793.04 649.95 792.5 798.35 781.97 730.65 725.4 762 641.01 900.6 592.09 743.5 722.2 818 700.76 743.62 2394.4 777.5
200 200 100 200 100 200 200 150 100 150 100 300 200 200 298.15 200 298.15 200 298 100 200 200 100 200 200 200 200 200 200 100 150 200 298.15 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 298.15 300 298.15 298.15 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 200 200 200 298.15 200 300 300 200
0.8707 1.1480 0.3648 0.4903 0.4366 0.9648 0.7802 0.5978 0.4165 0.4918 0.3381 1.2644 2.0192 1.7967 2.5232 1.8502 2.2304 2.0434 2.1938 0.3020 0.6442 0.7635 0.3929 1.6841 0.8245 0.8198 0.8228 0.6061 0.6722 0.3637 0.7268 0.8217 1.4197 0.9502 0.9316 0.9567 0.5373 0.5536 0.3681 1.5995 1.5669 1.5102 1.2777 1.4638 0.6721 0.5812 0.9363 1.1535 1.1777 1.1820 0.8155 0.5436 0.7594 1.0550 1.7481 0.7095 0.6298 0.7355 1.6816 0.6403 1.7298 1.5900 2.2442
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500.1 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1000.15 1500 1200 1500 1500
3.2102 4.1808 0.8100 2.3234 3.6516 3.8251 3.4743 3.2132 2.9298 2.5619 1.7213 3.7236 6.0539 6.0932 6.1099 6.2186 5.8745 6.4613 5.2794 0.3425 1.5673 1.7041 0.9599 5.2145 2.5161 2.5161 2.5175 1.5615 1.5743 0.9543 2.1609 2.1894 3.4674 3.0519 2.9244 2.8724 1.5424 1.5510 0.9419 4.1941 4.0535 4.3093 3.0678 3.6669 1.9148 1.8585 4.0353 4.9543 4.9243 4.9275 1.9523 1.6581 2.2596 4.5983 4.4740 2.0944 1.6949 1.9255 4.1139 2.8174 4.5143 4.2484 7.4325
2-178
TABLE 2-156 Cmpd. no. 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmolK)] (Continued ) Name
Eicosane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene 3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan 1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne Hydrazine Hydrogen
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-05
C2 × 1E-05
C3 × 1E-03
C4 × 1E-05
C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2 C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12 C6H10 C6H14S C6H10 C6H10 H4N2 H2
112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4 149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6 928-49-4 111-31-9 693-02-7 764-35-2 302-01-2 1333-74-0
282.547 30.069 46.068 88.105 45.084 106.165 150.175 116.158 116.158 112.213 98.186 28.053 60.098 62.068 43.068 44.053 74.079 144.211 130.228 88.148 100.159 62.134 102.132 88.148 163.506 37.997 96.102 48.060 34.033 30.026 45.041 46.026 68.074 240.468 114.185 100.202 130.185 116.201 116.201 114.185 114.185 98.186 132.267 96.170 226.441 100.159 86.175 116.158 102.175 102.175 100.159 100.159 84.159 82.144 118.240 82.144 82.144 32.045 2.016
3.2481 0.40326 0.492 0.9981 0.594 0.7844 1.0944 1.0455 1.115 1.1059 0.82052 0.3338 0.7286 0.63012 0.343 0.3346 0.537 1.5777 1.634 1.0953 1.24 0.5576 0.937 1.132 0.85105 0.29122 0.62653 0.44373 0.33289 0.3327 0.3822 0.3381 0.3727 2.7878 1.404 1.2015 1.3135 1.2215 1.4569 1.2768 1.2507 1.1851 1.442 1.0712 2.6283 1.232 1.044 1.1622 1.0625 1.2615 1.094 1.1237 1.0434 0.9376 1.2662 0.9129 1.036 0.38711 0.27617
11.09 1.3422 1.4577 2.0931 1.618 3.399 4.1794 2.3148 3.391 4.6306 4.0342 0.9479 1.8436 1.4584 1.427 1.2116 1.886 4.4017 4.5119 3.0032 3.2 1.3617 2.829 2.94 1.0378 0.10132 2.1646 1.3119 0.73989 0.49542 0.93 0.7593 1.6606 9.5247 2.5907 4.001 2.3317 3.991 2.8252 3.381 2.148 3.6362 4.1603 3.0258 8.9733 2.2146 3.523 2.0708 3.521 3.5964 1.807 2.936 3.0749 3.015 3.7294 2.5577 3.009 0.8576 0.0956
1.636 1.6555 1.6628 2.0226 1.812 1.559 0.88375 0.71 1.6705 1.6628 1.567 1.596 1.688 1.673 1.638 1.6084 1.207 1.7494 1.7532 1.7988 1.967 1.5221 1.648 1.827 0.59737 1.453 1.564 1.6422 1.8639 1.8666 1.845 1.1925 1.5112 1.6935 0.8315 1.6766 0.67567 1.58 0.81695 1.3831 0.6912 1.7359 1.6603 1.5273 1.6912 0.84 1.6946 0.68661 1.5835 1.8445 0.689 1.401 1.7459 1.9057 1.6574 1.529 2.116 1.7228 2.466
7.45 0.73223 0.939 1.803 1.078 2.426 −1.609 1.471 2.518 3.299 2.6697 0.551 1.199 0.97296 1.037 0.8241 0.864 3.2378 3.1032 2.1311 2.346 0.8073 2.155 2.055 0.94745 0.094101 1.7278 0.85441 0.46079 0.28075 0.69 0.318 1.3145 6.6651 1.312 2.74 1.824 2.835 1.766 1.888 1.619 2.5048 2.6572 2.0975 6.264 1.219 2.369 1.5355 2.462 2.594 1.474 1.601 2.0728 1.986 2.308 1.737 2.106 0.56635 0.0376
C5 726.27 752.87 744.7 928.05 820 702 1183.1 2061.6 733.6 781.1 715.52 740.8 767.3 773.65 744.7 737.3 496 792.34 809.75 817.35 896 687.5 724.7 852 2122.7 662.91 724.29 738.77 891.16 934.9 850 550 686 744.57 2201 756.4 1846 717.7 2537.2 650.3 1759.3 785.73 759.39 689.62 744.41 2205 761.6 1932.5 715.75 819.17 1772 650.5 793.53 817 757.8 683 902.4 733.53 567.6
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 298 200 200 60 300 300 150 50 100 298.15 298.15 298.15 298.15 200 300 298.15 167 50 200 200 50 50 150 50 200 200 200 200 300 200 298.15 200 150 298.15 200 200 200 200 200 298.15 200 298.15 200 150 298 300 200 200 300 200 250
3.5235 0.4256 0.5224 1.0126 0.6139 0.8912 1.4598 1.5102 1.5583 1.1875 0.9272 0.3338 0.9178 0.7800 0.3480 0.3346 0.5412 2.0279 2.0360 1.3620 1.4479 0.5970 1.3377 1.3538 0.8926 0.2912 0.6914 0.4726 0.3329 0.3327 0.3833 0.3381 0.4376 3.0034 1.4479 1.2828 1.8497 1.3330 1.8136 1.3968 1.2688 1.5434 1.5191 1.1721 2.8312 1.2672 1.1117 1.6107 1.1607 1.5829 1.1815 1.1443 1.3301 1.1909 1.3340 1.0004 1.2215 0.4070 0.2843
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200.15 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1200 1200 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
12.2110 1.4562 1.6576 2.6594 1.8528 3.6147 4.2540 3.6330 3.6213 4.9184 4.1472 1.0987 2.2016 1.8095 1.5178 1.3297 2.1485 5.1201 4.8744 3.2289 3.4234 1.6729 3.0569 3.4535 2.2349 0.3812 2.4736 1.5008 0.9024 0.7113 1.1203 0.9933 1.7940 10.4160 4.2863 4.4283 4.2941 4.5346 4.6604 4.1386 3.8446 4.0836 4.7831 3.5985 9.8182 3.7314 3.8620 3.7636 3.9726 4.0672 3.3207 3.5874 3.4819 3.1889 4.2483 3.0371 3.1894 1.0571 0.3225
2-179
184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246
Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl Isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane alpha-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene
HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C2H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10 C4H10O C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si C9H10 C5H12O C3H6O C10H8
10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9 96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5 75-65-0 115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9 98-83-9 1634-04-4 107-25-5 91-20-3
80.912 36.461 27.025 20.006 34.081 88.105 59.110 104.061 86.089 16.042 32.042 73.094 74.079 40.064 86.089 31.057 136.148 68.117 72.149 102.132 88.148 70.133 70.133 66.101 88.148 104.214 68.117 102.132 80.589 98.186 114.185 114.185 114.185 84.159 82.144 82.144 115.034 60.095 72.106 76.161 60.052 88.148 100.159 57.051 74.122 86.132 90.187 48.107 100.116 158.238 86.175 102.175 58.122 74.122 56.106 88.105 74.122 90.187 46.144 118.176 88.148 58.079 128.171
0.2912 0.29157 0.30125 0.29134 0.33288 0.74694 0.68545 0.49522 0.7251 0.33298 0.39252 0.6116 0.555 0.4478 0.1206 0.41 0.9396 0.671 0.746 1.8458 0.92165 0.87026 0.81924 0.7906 0.82051 1.0785 0.8274 0.894 0.59895 0.9227 0.7959 0.92279 0.92279 0.66456 0.69411 0.6422 0.7283 0.68681 0.784 0.75083 0.506 0.7284 1.227 0.474 0.89232 1.5914 0.99247 0.4146 0.864 1.7483 0.903 0.94326 0.6549 0.7704 0.6125 0.7765 0.92151 0.93775 0.46149 0.78548 0.9779 0.60865 0.6805
0.0953 0.09048 0.3171 0.093252 0.26086 2.4356 2.1876 1.8718 2.089 0.79933 0.879 2.029 1.782 1.0917 2.3766 1.0578 2.559 2.222 3.265 1.743 3.3371 2.5556 2.6038 1.656 3.0869 2.7388 2.1377 2.91 1.1636 4.115 2.596 2.6709 2.6709 3.507 3.0209 3.0711 1.0307 1.9959 2.1032 1.9577 1.219 3.1713 2.195 1.226 2.4765 1.764 2.7275 0.8307 1.811 4.9288 3.801 3.5965 2.4776 2.539 2.066 2.442 2.3943 2.6178 1.2781 3.5969 3.091 1.5965 3.5494
2.142 2.0938 1.6102 2.905 0.9134 1.715 1.5831 1.2958 1.8516 2.0869 1.9165 1.7683 1.26 1.5508 1.0543 1.708 0.825 1.421 1.545 1.22 1.8365 1.7757 1.7593 1.6926 1.3864 1.5885 1.755 1.57 1.565 1.6504 0.6213 0.68784 0.68784 1.5892 1.6903 1.6387 1.5429 1.5534 1.5488 1.6424 1.637 1.352 0.842 2.188 1.696 1.2076 2.003 1.589 0.7543 1.7384 1.602 1.3533 1.587 1.5502 1.545 1.714 1.6936 1.7291 1.4565 1.4342 1.643 1.619 1.4262
0.0157 −0.00107 0.2179 1.95E−03 −0.17979 1.8484 1.3855 1.4852 1.6483 0.41602 0.53654 1.3302 0.853 0.675 1.8186 0.6836 1.36 1.194 1.923 −56.11 2.4645 1.7636 1.7195 1.2167 1.7886 1.9067 1.5149 2.073 0.81581 2.9006 2.288 1.9847 1.9847 2.3526 2.1209 2.1298 0.7811 1.1168 1.1855 1.1949 0.894 1.8948 1.191 0.85983 1.5598 −407.4 1.8974 0.4612 0.8 3.5897 2.453 2.0569 1.575 1.669 1.2057 1.818 1.4896 1.6236 0.79115 2.5336 2.099 0.93783 2.5984
1400 120 626 1.33E+03 949.4 757.75 691.76 569.96 798.43 991.96 896.7 835.5 562 658.2 418.8 735 3000 614.7 666.7 31.2 757.99 807.82 800.93 788.4 613.87 749.6 782 678.3 690.39 779.48 1698.6 1732.4 1732.4 727.13 781.56 750.25 668.94 692.04 693 749.19 743 585.14 2460 1008.2 791.4 10.503 849.64 716.7 2160 788.01 691.6 599.92 706.99 679.3 676 716 797.79 783.23 643.23 651.69 731.191 739.55 650.1
50 50 100 50 100 298.15 200 300 298.15 50 200 300 298 200 298.15 150 300 150 200 300 298.15 200 200 298.15 300 273.15 200 298 200 200 300 300 300 200 200 200 200 200 200 273.16 250 300 298.15 298.15 200 300 273 200 298.15 298.15 200 300 200 200 200 300 298 298.15 200 200 298 300 200
0.2912 0.2914 0.3014 0.2913 0.3329 1.0427 0.7510 0.9790 0.9475 0.3330 0.3980 0.7698 0.8489 0.4882 0.9908 0.4136 1.2586 0.6931 0.8546 1.2793 1.3135 0.9060 0.8559 0.9632 1.3300 1.3173 0.8646 1.3461 0.6380 0.9953 1.5302 1.5099 1.5099 0.7510 0.7464 0.7083 0.7717 0.7396 0.8397 0.9004 0.5888 1.3200 1.4755 0.5195 0.9280 1.1291 1.1377 0.4329 1.1621 2.2567 1.0192 1.5600 0.7218 0.8567 0.6763 1.1242 1.1251 1.1728 0.5141 0.9445 1.3522 0.7748 0.8454
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1200 1200.1 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200.1 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500.15 1200 1200 1500 1200 1500 1500 1200 1200 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500.15 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1200 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
0.3479 0.3406 0.5522 0.3224 0.5143 2.5383 2.4540 2.0517 2.2057 0.8890 1.0533 2.2209 2.0754 1.3293 2.1663 1.2388 3.3569 2.5028 3.3792 3.2262 3.4856 2.8923 2.8709 2.1502 3.1994 3.1687 2.5255 3.0766 1.5593 4.3180 4.1359 4.1467 4.1467 3.5495 3.1496 3.1549 1.5893 2.2931 2.4816 2.3178 1.5109 3.1987 3.6532 1.3595 2.8696 2.9991 2.9952 1.0781 2.8637 5.7177 3.9617 3.7409 2.6656 2.8508 2.2814 2.5276 2.6391 2.9904 1.5253 3.8592 3.4779 1.8871 3.7359
2-180 TABLE 2-156 Cmpd. no. 248 249 250 251 252 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Compounds in the Ideal Gas State Fit to Hyperbolic Functions Cp [J/(kmolK)] (Concluded) Name
Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde Propionic acid Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl amine
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
C1 × 1E-05
C2 × 1E-05
C3 × 1E-03
C4 × 1E-05
C5
Tmin, K
Cp at Tmin × 1E-05
Tmax, K
Cp at Tmax × 1E-05
C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N2O C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C9H14 C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H5N C5H10O2 C3H9N
79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9 85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6 79-09-4 107-12-0 109-60-4 107-10-8
75.067 28.013 71.002 61.040 44.013 268.521 142.239 128.255 158.238 144.255 144.255 126.239 160.320 124.223 254.494 128.212 114.229 144.211 130.228 130.228 128.212 128.212 112.213 146.294 110.197 90.035 31.999 47.998 212.415 86.132 72.149 102.132 88.148 88.148 86.132 86.132 70.133 104.214 104.214 68.117 68.117 178.229 94.111 119.121 148.116 40.064 44.096 60.095 60.095 122.207 58.079 74.079 55.079 102.132 59.110
0.54619 0.29105 0.33284 0.42267 0.29338 3.1062 1.7347 1.5175 0.1266 1.54 1.8197 1.5352 1.7646 1.6289 2.9502 1.6088 1.3554 1.4082 1.3805 1.6383 1.3901 1.4952 1.3599 1.5981 1.2307 0.25751 0.29103 0.33483 2.4679 1.0743 0.8805 2.836 0.906 1.0853 0.90053 0.96896 0.82523 1.1327 1.0974 0.753 0.70737 0.9374 0.434 0.59683 0.7364 0.426 0.5192 0.619 0.73145 1.0563 0.7174 0.6959 0.5357 1.7994 0.76078
1.6492 0.086149 0.49837 1.0842 0.3236 10.575 4.5115 4.915 6.011 4.936 3.5542 4.6844 5.044 3.9708 10.034 4.218 4.431 4.3436 4.459 3.1897 3.806 4.4103 4.1605 4.6063 3.4942 1.1734 0.1004 0.29577 8.4212 2.8363 3.011 1.08 3.062 3.0747 2.7085 2.4907 2.5943 2.947 3.2959 2.0905 2.2229 4.758 2.445 2.5533 2.544 1.1194 1.9245 2.0213 2.0313 4.3397 1.914 1.7778 1.4617 1.753 2.1049
1.4803 1.7016 0.7093 1.4885 1.1238 0.76791 1.712 1.6448 1.0815 1.578 0.81514 1.7288 1.6182 1.8928 0.77107 1.9126 1.6356 1.4662 1.5751 0.81595 1.3717 0.80211 1.7317 1.6295 1.528 2.7969 2.5265 1.5217 1.6865 1.9549 1.6502 2.107 1.6054 1.8672 1.6592 1.4177 1.7291 1.7418 1.6761 1.5307 1.557 1.382 1.152 1.2397 1.0852 1.5772 1.6265 1.6293 1.9375 1.6098 2.0144 1.7098 1.553 1.196 1.7256
1.0635 0.0010347 0.23264 0.68603 0.2177 −4.5661 3.3256 3.47 4.5946 3.588 2.1974 3.2304 3.3857 3.2136 -4.3012 3.278 3.054 2.7687 3.2016 1.9814 2.2573 −2.0958 2.8675 3.0301 2.4617 0.65788 0.09356 0.27151 5.8537 2.0146 1.892 −3.56 2.115 2.2271 1.8012 1.301 1.768 2.0987 1.9486 1.378 1.3125 3.485 1.512 1.5519 0.808 0.7546 1.168 1.2956 1.4815 3.181 1.1708 1.2654 0.91197 −4.12 1.3936
666.94 909.79 372.91 683.57 479.4 912.03 810.96 749.6 418.2 721.11 2508.8 783.67 755.48 855.52 916.73 869 746.4 659.38 718.8 2521.3 660.96 981.95 784.47 756.28 694.81 878.91 1153.8 680.35 743.6 890.44 747.6 283 717.97 825.4 743.96 646.7 778.7 795.78 757.67 672.8 690.78 627.4 507 576.78 573 680.8 723.6 727.4 843.37 729.66 930.6 763.78 678.2 108.2 789.03
200 50 100 200 100 200 200 200 298.15 200 298.15 298.15 200 298.15 200 200 200 298.15 200 298.15 150 200 298.15 200 200 298.15 50 100 200 200 200 298.15 200 298.15 200 200 298.15 298 200 200 200 200 100 298.15 298.15 200 200 200 298.15 300 200 298.15 200 298.15 200
0.6062 0.2911 0.3404 0.4571 0.2948 3.3533 1.8005 1.6257 2.2953 1.6777 2.2720 2.0014 1.8658 1.9693 3.1800 1.6504 1.4529 2.0652 1.5055 2.0428 1.4162 1.5775 1.7723 1.6881 1.3448 0.3201 0.2910 0.3349 2.6586 1.0960 0.9404 1.3824 0.9890 1.3539 0.9591 1.0536 1.0856 1.4202 1.1547 0.8276 0.7700 1.1959 0.4401 1.1054 1.0745 0.4646 0.5632 0.6665 0.8966 1.6392 0.7266 0.8938 0.5832 1.3594 0.7933
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1000.1 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1000.15 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500
1.9237 0.3484 0.8092 1.3280 0.5828 11.6130 5.4439 5.5407 5.5267 5.6606 5.8526 5.2776 5.9082 4.7924 11.0160 4.9286 4.9764 5.0411 5.0965 5.2565 4.6547 4.9067 4.6807 5.3549 4.1604 0.6502 0.3653 0.5928 9.2209 3.2404 3.2927 3.2952 3.4133 3.4701 3.0797 3.0358 2.8897 3.4994 3.6956 2.4754 2.5052 5.0645 2.6045 2.8390 2.6737 1.3376 2.0556 2.2458 2.2760 4.6527 2.1149 2.1248 1.7235 3.2024 2.4353
304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Propylbenzene Propylene Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C9H12 C3H6 C4H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
103-65-1 115-07-1 110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
120.192 42.080 88.105 76.161 76.161 76.094 108.095 104.079 104.149 118.088 64.064 146.055 80.063 166.131 230.304 198.388 72.106 132.202 88.171 114.229 84.140 92.138 133.404 184.361 101.190 59.110 120.192 120.192 114.229 114.229 213.105 227.131 156.308 172.308 86.089 52.075 62.498 161.490 18.015 106.165 106.165 106.165
0.96885 0.43852 0.871 0.73815 0.7474 2.0114 0.6487 0.3681 0.893 0.71806 0.33375 0.35256 0.33408 0.945 2.0719 2.3082 0.46905 0.8145 0.51848 1.1352 0.40399 0.5814 0.66554 2.1496 1.2766 0.7107 1.052 1.0106 1.139 0.982 2.0367 2.154 1.9529 1.859 0.536 0.55978 0.42364 0.84894 0.33363 0.7568 0.8521 0.7512
3.7954 1.506 2.447 1.9529 1.9523 0.8082 2.1227 0.71245 2.1503 2.2669 0.25864 1.227 0.49677 2.526 6.2668 7.8678 2.5314 4.395 2.4535 5.6331 1.627 2.863 1.1257 7.3045 2.5559 1.5051 3.79 3.8314 5.286 5.402 1.8181 2.4432 6.0998 5.869 2.119 1.2141 0.8735 1.1471 0.2679 3.3924 3.2954 3.397
1.5168 1.3988 1.9254 1.5954 1.631 1.8656 1.3491 0.65201 0.772 1.2739 0.9328 0.67938 0.87322 0.829 2.4044 1.6823 1.5998 1.471 1.5018 1.6211 1.4562 1.4406 1.5454 1.6695 0.80937 0.79662 1.4814 1.501 1.594 1.531 1.2089 1.1126 1.7087 1.5718 1.198 1.6102 1.6492 1.38 2.6105 1.496 1.4944 1.4928
2.6618 0.74754 1.888 1.2356 1.2112 −2.4404 1.514 0.46721 0.999 1.7342 0.1088 0.78407 0.28563 0.5 6.345 5.4486 1.7051 3.065 1.6871 3.3829 1.322 1.898 0.97196 4.9998 1.4829 0.84537 2.331 2.395 3.351 3.493 0.79777 0.58651 4.1302 4.326 1.147 0.89079 0.6556 0.9 0.08896 2.247 2.115 2.247
694.3 616.46 821.3 730.5 750.92 279.98 614.8 286.03 2442 537.65 423.7 351.27 393.74 2010 967.71 743.1 740.64 666.4 665.31 681.9 648.81 650.43 717.04 741.02 2231.7 2187.6 667.3 678.3 677.94 639.9 1060.8 950.59 775.4 722.7 510 710.4 739.07 644.61 1169 675.9 675.8 675.1
200 130 298.15 200 200 298.15 200 100 100 300 100 100 100 298.15 298.15 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 298.15 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 298.15 298.15 200 200 100 200 200 298.15 100 200 200 200
1.0927 0.4436 1.1022 0.7825 0.7848 1.0218 0.7711 0.4182 0.8931 1.3370 0.3354 0.3872 0.3408 1.2478 2.4763 2.4864 0.5259 0.9881 0.6147 1.3069 0.4886 0.7016 0.8496 2.3156 1.3278 0.7439 1.1832 1.1354 1.3139 1.2194 2.1054 2.2726 2.0594 2.0232 0.5404 0.5967 0.4457 1.0788 0.3336 0.8759 0.9643 0.8710
1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1000.15 1500 1500 1500 1200 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 2273.15 1500 1500 1500
4.1613 1.6817 2.7484 2.3287 2.3216 2.1175 2.4969 1.0537 3.2416 2.5823 0.5695 1.5397 0.7967 3.4444 6.6947 8.6225 2.5538 4.5348 2.5679 5.5784 1.8098 3.0029 1.6433 8.0251 4.2046 2.4322 4.1983 4.1854 5.3769 5.3754 3.7585 4.3560 6.8342 6.7834 2.3750 1.5590 1.1423 1.8595 0.5276 3.5920 3.5965 3.5923
Constants in this table can be used in the following equation to calculate the ideal gas heat capacity C0p.
2 2 C3/T C5/T C0p = C1 + C2 + C4 sinh(C3/T) cosh(C5/T) where C0p is in J/(kmol·K) and T is in K. All substances are listed by chemical family in Table 2-6 and by formula in Table 2-7. Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007). The number of digits provided for values at Tmin and Tmax was chosen for uniformity of appearance and formatting; these do not represent the uncertainties of the physical quantities, but are the result of calculations from the standard thermophysical property formulations within a fixed format.
2-181
2-182
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-157
Cp/Cv: Ratios of Specific Heats of Gases at 1 atm Pressure*
Compound Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Acetylene
Formula C2H4O C2H4O2 C2H2
Air
Temperature, °C
Ratio of specific heats, (γ) = Cp /Cv
30 136 15 −71 925 17 −78 −118 15 15 −180 0–100
1.14 1.15 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.403 1.408 1.415 1.320 1.670 1.715 1.67
Ammonia Argon
NH3 Ar
Benzene Bromine
C6H6 Br2
90 20–350
1.10 1.32
Carbon dioxide
CO2
disulfide monoxide
CS2 CO
1.299 1.37 1.21 1.402 1.433 1.355 1.15 1.256 1.315
Chlorine Chloroform Cyanogen Cyclohexane
Cl2 CHCl3 (CN)2 C6H12
15 −75 100 15 −180 15 100 15 80
Dichlorodifluormethane
CCl2F2
25
1.139
Ethane
C2H6
100 15 −82 90 35 80 100 15 −91
1.157 1.200 1.28 1.13 1.08 1.086 1.201 1.253 1.345
−180 80 15 −76 −181 20 15 100 65 140 210
1.667 1.066 1.407 1.441 1.607 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.31 1.28 1.24
Ethyl alcohol ether
C2H6O C4H10O
Ethylene
C2H4
Helium Hexane (n-) Hydrogen
He C6H14 H2
bromide chloride
HBr HCl
cyanide
HCN
Compound
Formula
Hydrogen (Cont.) iodide sulfide
HI H2S
Iodine Isobutane
I2 C4H10
Krypton
Kr
Mercury Methane
Hg CH4
Methyl acetate alcohol ether Methylal
C3H6O2 CH4O C2H6O C3H8O2
Neon Nitric oxide
Ne NO
Nitrogen
N2
Nitrous oxide
N2O
Oxygen
O2
Pentane (n-) Phosphorus Potassium
C5H12 P K
Sodium Sulfur dioxide
Na SO2
Xenon
Xe
Temperature, °C
Ratio of specific heats, (γ) = Cp /Cv
20–100 15 −45 −57
1.40 1.332 1.350 1.356
185 15
1.30 1.110
19
1.672
360 600 300 15 −80 −115 15 77 6–30 13 40
1.67 1.113 1.196 1.310 1.339 1.347 1.14 1.237 1.11 1.06 1.09
19 15 −45 −80 15 −181 100 15 −30 −70
1.667 1.400 1.39 1.38 1.402 1.433 1.28 1.303 1.31 1.34
15 −76 −181
1.398 1.405 1.439
86 300 850
1.071 1.17 1.77
750–920 15
1.68 1.290
19
1.678
*For compounds that appear in Table 2-184, values are from E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems” in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http://webbook.nist.gov). Values for other compounds are from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 80–82.
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
2-183
SPECIFIC HEATS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS UNITS CONVERSIONS
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
For this subsection, the following units conversions are applicable: °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32 To convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to British thermal units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.0.
Most of the tables below are from International Critical Tables, vol. 5, pp. 115–116, 122–125.
TABLE 2-158
TABLE 2-165
Acetic Acid (at 38 °C)
Mole % acetic acid Cal/(g⋅°C)
TABLE 2-159
0 1.0
6.98 0.911
30.9 0.73
54.5 0.631
100 0.535
Ammonia Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % NH3
2.4 °C
20.6 °C
41 °C
61 °C
0 10.5 20.9 31.2 41.4
1.01 0.98 0.96 0.956 0.985
1.0 0.995 0.99 1.0
0.995 1.06 1.03
1.0 1.02
TABLE 2-160
TABLE 2-161
100 0.497
5 °C
20 °C
40 °C
5.88 12.3 27.3 45.8 69.6 100
1.02 0.975 0.877 0.776 0.681 0.576
1.0 0.982 0.917 0.811 0.708 0.60
0.995 0.98 0.92 0.83 0.726 0.617
TABLE 2-166
95 0.52
90.5 0.53
82.3 0.56
75.2 0.581
Copper Sulfate
Composition CuSO4 + 50H2O CuSO4 + 200H2O CuSO4 + 400H2O TABLE 2-162
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C) Mole % CH3OH
Aniline (at 20 °C)
Mol % aniline Cal/(g⋅°C)
Methyl Alcohol
Temperature
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
12 to 15 °C 12 to 14 °C 13 to 17 °C
0.848 0.951 0.975
Nitric Acid
% HNO3 by Weight
Specific heat at 20 °C, cal/(g⋅°C)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1.000 0.900 0.810 0.730 0.675 0.650 0.640 0.615 0.575 0.515
Ethyl Alcohol Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % C2H5OH 4.16 11.5 37.0 61.0 100.0 TABLE 2-163
3 °C
23 °C
41 °C
1.05 1.02 0.805 0.67 0.54
1.02 1.03 0.86 0.727 0.577
1.02 1.03 0.875 0.748 0.621
Glycerol Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % C3H5(OH)3
15 °C
32 °C
2.12 4.66 11.5 22.7 43.9 100.0
0.961 0.929 0.851 0.765 0.67 0.555
0.960 0.924 0.841 0.758 0.672 0.576
TABLE 2-164
Hydrochloric Acid Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Mole % HCl 0.0 9.09 16.7 20.0 25.9
0 °C
10 °C
20 °C
40 °C
60 °C
1.00 0.72 0.61 0.58 0.55
0.72 0.605 0.575
0.74 0.631 0.591
0.75 0.645 0.615
0.78 0.67 0.638 0.61
TABLE 2-167
Phosphoric Acid*
%H2PO4
Cp at 21.3 °C cal/(g⋅°C)
%H3PO4
Cp at 21.3 °C cal/(g⋅°C)
2.50 3.80 5.33 8.81 10.27 14.39 16.23 19.99 22.10 24.56 25.98 28.15 29.96 32.09 33.95 36.26 38.10 40.10 42.08 44.11 46.22 48.16 49.79
0.9903 0.9970 0.9669 0.9389 0.9293 0.8958 0.8796 0.8489 0.8300 0.8125 0.8004 0.7856 0.7735 0.7590 0.7432 0.7270 0.7160 0.7024 0.6877 0.6748 0.6607 0.6475 0.6370
50.00 52.19 53.72 56.04 58.06 60.23 62.10 64.14 66.13 68.14 69.97 69.50 71.88 73.71 75.79 77.69 79.54 80.00 82.00 84.00 85.98 88.01 89.72
0.6350 0.6220 0.6113 0.5972 0.5831 0.5704 0.5603 0.5460 0.5349 0.5242 0.5157 0.5160 0.5046 0.4940 0.4847 0.4786 0.4680 0.4686 0.4593 0.4500 0.4419 0.4359 0.4206
*Z. Physik. Chem., A167, 42 (1933).
2-184
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-168
Potassium Chloride
TABLE 2-172
Sodium Chloride
Specific heat, cal/(g°C)
Specific heat, cal/(g°C)
Mole % KCl
6 °C
20 °C
33 °C
40 °C
Mole % NaCl
0.99 3.85 5.66 7.41
0.945 0.828 0.77
0.947 0.831 0.775 0.727
0.947 0.835 0.778
0.947 0.837 0.775
0.249 0.99 2.44 9.09
TABLE 2-169
Potassium Hydroxide (at 19 °C)
Mole % KOH Cal/(g°C)
TABLE 2-170
0 1.0
0.497 0.975
1.64 0.93
TABLE 2-173 4.76 0.814
9.09 0.75
Normal Propyl Alcohol
Mole % NaOH Cal/(g . °C)
TABLE 2-174
5 °C
20 °C
40 °C
1.55 5.03 11.4 23.1 41.2 73.0 100.0
1.03 1.07 1.035 0.877 0.75 0.612 0.534
1.02 1.06 1.032 0.90 0.78 0.645 0.57
1.01 1.03 0.99 0.91 0.815 0.708 0.621
TABLE 2-171 % Na2CO3 by weight 0.000 1.498 2.000 2.901 4.000 5.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 13.790 13.840 20.000 25.000
Sodium Carbonate* Temperature, °C 17.6
30.0
76.6
98.0
0.9992 0.9807
0.9986
1.0098
1.0084
0.9786 0.9597
33 °C
57 °C
0.96 0.91 0.805
0.99 0.97 0.915 0.81
0.97 0.915 0.81
0.923 0.82
0 1.0
0.5 0.985
1.0 0.97
9.09 0.835
16.7 0.80
28.6 0.784
37.5 0.782
Sulfuric Acid*
%H2SO4
Cp at 20 °C, cal/(g°C)
%H2SO4
Cp at 20 °C, cal/(g°C)
0.34 0.68 1.34 2.65 3.50 5.16 9.82 15.36 21.40 22.27 23.22 24.25 25.39 26.63 28.00 29.52 30.34 31.20 33.11
0.9968 0.9937 0.9877 0.9762 0.9688 0.9549 0.9177 0.8767 0.8339 0.8275 0.8205 0.8127 0.8041 0.7945 0.7837 0.7717 0.7647 0.7579 0.7422
35.25 37.69 40.49 43.75 47.57 52.13 57.65 64.47 73.13 77.91 81.33 82.49 84.48 85.48 89.36 91.81 94.82 97.44 100.00
0.7238 .7023 .6770 .6476 .6153 .5801 .5420 .5012 .4628 .4518 .4481 .4467 .4408 .4346 .4016 .3787 .3554 .3404 .3352
*Vinal and Craig, Bur. Standards J. Research, 24, 475 (1940).
0.9594 0.9428
20 °C
Sodium Hydroxide (at 20 °C)
Specific heat, cal/(g°C) Mole % C3H7OH
6 °C
0.9761 0.9392
0.9183 0.9086 0.8924
*J. Chem. Soc. 3062–3079 (1931).
0.9452 0.8881 0.8631
0.8936 0.8615
TABLE 2-175 0.8911
Zinc Sulfate
Composition
Temperature
ZnSO4 + 50H2O ZnSO4 + 200H2O
20 to 52 °C 20 to 52 °C
Specific heat, cal/(g°C) 0.842 0.952
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION
2-185
SPECIFIC HEATS OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS TABLE 2-176 and Solids
Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids
Material
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C) 0.2 (100 °C); 0.274 (1500 °C) 0.186 (100 °C) 0.25 0.22 0.3 to 0.4 About 0.2 0.168 (26 to 76 °C) 0.314 (40 to 892 °C) 0.387 (56 to 1450 °C) 0.204
Alumina Alundum Asbestos Asphalt Bakelite Brickwork Carbon (gas retort) (see under Graphite) Cellulose Cement, Portland Clinker Charcoal (wood) Chrome brick Clay Coal tar oils Coal tars Coke Concrete Cryolite Diamond Fireclay brick Fluorspar Gasoline Glass (crown) (flint) (pyrex) (silicate) wool Granite Graphite Gypsum Kerosene Limestone Litharge Magnesia Magnesite brick Marble Porcelain, fired Berlin Porcelain, green Berlin Porcelain, fired earthenware Porcelain, green earthenware
0.32 0.186 0.242 0.17 0.224 0.26 to 0.37 0.34 (15 to 90 °C) 0.35 (40 °C); 0.45 (200 °C) 0.265 (21 to 400 °C) 0.359 (21 to 800 °C) 0.403 (21 to 1300 °C) 0.156 (70 to 312 °F); 0.219 (72 to 1472 °F) 0.253 (16 to 55 °C) 0.147 0.198 (100 °C); 0.298 (1500 °C) 0.21 (30 °C) 0.53 0.16 to 0.20 0.117 0.20 0.188 to 0.204 (0 to 100 °C) 0.24 to 0.26 (0 to 700 °C) 0.157 0.20 (20 to 100 °C) 0.165 (26 to 76 °C); 0.390 (56 to 1450 °C) 0.259 (16 to 46 °C) 0.47 0.217 0.055 0.234 (100 °C); 0.188 (1500 °C) 0.222 (100 °C); 0.195 (1500 °C) 0.21 (18 °C) 0.189 (60 °C) 0.185 (60 °C) 0.186 (60 °C) 0.181 (60 °C)
TABLE 2-176 Specific Heats of Miscellaneous Liquids and Solids (Concluded) Material
Specific heat, cal/(g⋅°C)
Pyrex glass Pyrites (copper) Pyrites (iron) Pyroxylin plastics Quartz Rubber (vulcanized) Sand Silica Silica brick Silicon carbide brick Silk Steel Stone Stoneware (common) Turpentine Wood (Oak) Woods, miscellaneous Wool Zirconium oxide
TABLE 2-177
0.20 0.131 (30 °C) 0.136 (30 °C) 0.34 to 0.38 0.17 (0 °C); 0.28 (350 °C) 0.415 0.191 0.316 0.202 (100 °C); 0.195 (1500 °C) 0.202 (100 °C) 0.33 0.12 about 0.2 0.188 (60 °C) 0.42 (18 °C) 0.570 0.45 to 0.65 0.325 0.11 (100 °C); 0.179 (1500 °C)
Oils (Animal, Vegetable, Mineral Oils) 15 Cp[cal/(g⋅°C)] = A/d 4 + B(t − 15)
where d = density, g/cm3. °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32; to convert calories per gram-degree Celsius to British thermal units per pound-degree Fahrenheit, multiply by 1.0; to convert grams per cubic centimeter to pounds per cubic foot, multiply by 62.43. Oils
A
Castor Citron Fatty drying nondrying semidrying oils (except castor) Naphthene base Olive Paraffin base Petroleum oils
0.500
PROPERTIES OF FORMATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS UNITS CONVERSIONS °F = 9⁄5 °C + 32; to convert kilocalories per gram-mole to British thermal units per pound-mole, multiply by 1.799 × 10−3.
B
0.0007 (0.438 at 54 °C) 0.440 0.0007 0.450 0.0007 0.445 0.0007 0.450 0.0007 0.405 0.0009 (0.47 at 7 °C) 0.425 0.0009 0.415 0.0009
2-186
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds
The values given in the following table for the heats and free energies of formation of inorganic compounds are derived from (a) Bichowsky and Rossini, “Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances,” Reinhold, New York, 1936; (b) Latimer, “Oxidation States of the Elements and Their Potentials in Aqueous Solution,” PrenticeHall, New York, 1938; (c) the tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the National Bureau of Standards; and (d) the tables of Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of the National Bureau of Standards. The reader is referred to the preceding books and tables for additional details as to methods of calculation, standard states, and so on.
Compound Aluminum Al AlBr3 Al4C3 AlCl3 AlF3 AlI3 AlN Al(NH4)(SO4)2 Al(NH4)(SO4)2·12H2O Al(NO3)3·6H2O Al(NO3)3·9H2O Al2O3 Al(OH)3 Al2O3·SiO2 Al2O3·SiO2 Al2O3·SiO2 3Al2O3·2SiO2 Al2S3 Al2(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3·6H2O Al2(SO4)3·18H2O Antimony Sb SbBr3 SbCl3 SbCl5 SbF3 SbI3 Sb2O3 Sb2O4 Sb2O5 Sb2S3 Arsenic As AsBr3 AsCl3 AsF3 AsH3 AsI3 As2O3 As2O5 As2S3 Barium Ba BaBr2 BaCl2 Ba(ClO3)2 Ba(ClO4)2 Ba(CN)2 Ba(CNO)2 BaCN2 BaCO3 BaCrO4
State† c c aq c c aq, 600 c aq c aq c c c c c c, corundum c c, sillimanite c, disthene c, andalusite c, mullite c c aq c c c c c l c c c, I, orthorhombic c, II, octahedral c c c, black
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 0.00 −123.4 −209.5 −30.8 −163.8 −243.9 −329 −360.8 −72.8 −163.4 −57.7 −561.19 −1419.36 −680.89 −897.59 −399.09 −304.8 −648.7 −642.4 −642.0 −1874 −121.6 −820.99 −893.9 −1268.15 −2120 0.00 −59.9 −91.3 −104.8 −216.6 −22.8 −165.4 −166.6 −213.0 −230.0 −38.2
c c l l g c c c c amorphous
0.00 −45.9 −80.2 −223.76 43.6 −13.6 −154.1 −217.9 −20 −34.76
c c aq, 400 c aq, 300 c aq, 1600 c aq, 800 c c aq c c, witherite c
0.00 −180.38 −185.67 −205.25 −207.92 −176.6 −170.0 −210.2
*For footnotes see end of table.
−48 −212.1 −63.6 −284.2 −342.2
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 0.00 −189.2 −29.0 −209.5 −312.6 −152.5 −50.4 −486.17 −1179.26 −526.32 −376.87 −272.9
−739.53 −759.3 −1103.39
Compound Barium (Cont.) BaF2 BaH2 Ba(HCO3)2 BaI2 Ba(IO3)2 BaMoO4 Ba3N2 Ba(NO2)2 Ba(NO3)2 BaO Ba(OH)2 BaO·SiO2 Ba3(PO4)2 BaPtCl6 BaS BaSO3 BaSO4 BaWO4 Beryllium Be BeBr2
0.00 −77.8
−146.0 −186.6 −196.1 −36.9 0.00 −70.5 −212.27 37.7 −134.8 −183.9 −20 0.00 −183.0 −196.5 −134.4 −155.3 −180.7 −271.4
BeCl2 BeI2 Be3N2 BeO Be(OH)2 BeS BeSO4 Bismuth Bi BiCl3 BiI3 BiO Bi2O3 Bi(OH)3 Bi2S3 Bi2(SO4)3 Boron B BBr3 BCl3 BF3 B2H6 BN B2O3 B(OH)3 B2S3 Bromine Br2 BrCl
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
c aq, 1600 c aq c aq, 400 c aq c c c aq c aq, 600 c c aq, 400 c c c c c c c
−287.9 −284.6 −40.8 −459 −144.6 −155.17 −264.5 −237.50 −370 −90.7 −184.5 −179.05 −236.99 −227.74 −133.0 −225.9 −237.76 −363 −992 −284.9 −111.2 −282.5 −340.2 −402
c c aq c aq c aq c c c c c aq
0.00 −79.4 −142 −112.6 −163.9 −39.4 −112 −134.5 −145.3 −215.6 −56.1 −281
c c aq c aq c c c c c
0.00 −90.5 −101.6 −24 −27 −49.5 −137.1 −171.1 −43.9 −607.1
c l g g g g c c gls c c
0.00 −52.7 −44.6 −94.5 −265.2 7.5 −32.1 −302.0 −297.6 −260.0 −56.6
l g g
0.00 7.47 3.06
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −265.3 −31.5 −414.4 −158.52 −198.35
−150.75 −189.94
−209.02
−313.4 0.00 −127.9 −141.4 −103.4 −122.4 −138.3
−254.8 0.00 −76.4
−43.2 −117.9 −39.1 0.00 −50.9 −90.8 −261.0 19.9 −27.2 −282.9 −280.3 −229.4 0.00 0.931 −0.63
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound Cadmium Cd CdBr2 CdCl2 Cd(CN)2 CdCO3 CdI2 Cd3N2 Cd(NO3)2 CdO Cd(OH)2 CdS CdSO4 Calcium Ca CaBr2 CaC2 CaCl2 CaCN2 Ca(CN)2 CaCO3 CaCO3·MgCO3 CaC2O4 Ca(C2H3O2)2 CaF2 CaH2 CaI2 Ca3N2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2·2H2O Ca(NO3)2·3H2O Ca(NO3)2·4H2O CaO Ca(OH)2 CaO·SiO2 CaS CaSO4 CaSO4·aH2O CaSO4·2H2O CaWO4 Carbon C CO CO2 Cerium Ce CeN Cesium Cs CsBr CsCl
2-187
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
c c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c c c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c c c c aq, 400
0.00 −75.8 −76.6 −92.149 −96.44 36.2 −178.2 −48.40 −47.46 39.8 −115.67 −62.35 −135.0 −34.5 −222.23 −232.635
c c aq, 400 c c aq c c aq c, calcite c, aragonite c c c aq c aq c c aq, 400 c c aq, 400 c c c c c aq, 800 c, II, wollastonite c, I, pseudowollastonite c c, insoluble form c, soluble form α c, soluble form β c c c
0.00 −162.20 −187.19 −14.8 −190.6 −209.15 −85 −43.3 −289.5 −289.54 −558.8 −332.2 −356.3 −364.1 −290.2 −286.5 −46 −128.49 −156.63 −103.2 −224.05 −228.29 −367.95 −439.05 −509.43 −151.7 −235.58 −239.2 −377.9 −376.6 −114.3 −338.73 −336.58 −335.52 −376.13 −479.33 −387
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 0.00 −70.7 −67.6 −81.889 −81.2 −163.2 −43.22 −71.05 −55.28 −113.7 −33.6 −194.65 0.00 −181.86 −16.0 −179.8 −195.36 −54.0 −270.8 −270.57
−311.3 −264.1 −35.7 −157.37 −88.2 −177.38 −293.57 −351.58 −409.32 −144.3 −213.9 −207.9 −357.5 −356.6 −113.1 −311.9 −309.8 −308.8 −425.47
c, graphite c, diamond g g
0.00 0.453 −26.416 −94.052
0.00 0.685 −32.808 −94.260
c c
0.00 −78.2
0.00 −70.8
0.00 −97.64 −91.39 −106.31 −102.01
0.00
c c aq, 500 c aq, 400
−94.86 −101.61
Compound Cesium (Cont.) Cs2CO3 CsF CsH CsHCO3 CsI CsNH2 CsNO3 Cs2O CsOH Cs2S Cs2SO4 Chlorine Cl2 ClF ClO ClO2 ClO3 Cl2O Cl2O7 Chromium Cr CrBr3 Cr3C2 Cr4C CrCl2 CrF2 CrF3 CrI2 CrO3 Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 Cobalt Co CoBr2 Co3C CoCl2 CoCO3 CoF2 CoI2 Co(NO3)2 CoO Co3O4 Co(OH)2 Co(OH)3 CoS Co2S3 CoSO4 Columbium Cb Cb2O5 Copper Cu CuBr CuBr2 CuCl CuCl2
State† c c aq, 400 c c aq, 2000 c aq, 400 c c aq, 400 c c aq, 200 c c aq g g g g g g g c aq c c c aq c c c aq c c aq
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −271.88 −131.67 −140.48 −12 −230.6 −226.6 −83.91 −75.74 −28.2 −121.14 −111.54 −82.1 −100.2 −117.0 −87 −344.86 −340.12 0.00 −25.7 33 24.7 37 18.20 63 0.00 −21.008 −16.378 −103.1 −152 −231 −63.7 −139.3 −268.8
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
−135.98 −7.30 −210.56 −82.61 −96.53 −107.87 −316.66 0.00 29.5 22.40 0.00 −122.7 −21.20 −16.74 −93.8 −102.1
−64.1 −249.3 −626.3
c c aq c c aq, 400 c aq c aq c aq c c c c c c c aq, 400
0.00 −55.0 −73.61 9.49 −76.9 −95.58 −172.39 −172.98 −24.2 −43.15 −102.8 −114.9 −57.5 −196.5 −131.5 −177.0 −22.3 −40.0 −216.6
c c
0.00 −462.96
0.00
0.00 −26.7 −34.0 −42.4 −31.4 −48.83 −64.7
0.00 −23.8
c c c aq c c aq, 400
0.00 −61.96 7.08 −66.6 −75.46 −155.36 −144.2 −37.4 −65.3 −108.9 −142.0 −19.8 −188.9
−33.25 −24.13
2-188
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound Copper (Cont.) CuClO4 Cu(ClO3)2 Cu(ClO4)2 CuI CuI2 Cu3N Cu(NO3)2 CuO Cu2O Cu(OH)2 CuS Cu2S CuSO4 Cu2SO4 Erbium Er Er(OH)3 Fluorine F2 F2O Gallium Ga GaBr3 GaCl3 GaN Ga2O Ga2O3 Germanium Ge Ge3N4 GeO2 Gold Au AuBr AuBr3 AuCl AuCl3 AuI Au2O3 Au(OH)3 Hafnium Hf HfO2 Hydrogen H3AsO3 H3AsO4 HBr HBrO HBrO3 HCl HCN HClO HClO3 HClO4 HC2H3O2 H2C2O4 HCOOH
State† aq aq, 400 aq c c aq c c aq, 200 c c c c c c aq, 800 c aq
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −28.3 −17.8 −4.8 −11.9 17.78 −73.1 −83.6 −38.5 −43.00 −108.9 −11.6 −18.97 −184.7 −200.78 −179.6
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 1.34 15.4 −5.5 −16.66 −8.76 −36.6 −31.9 −38.13 −85.5 −11.69 −20.56 −158.3 −160.19 −152.0
c c
0.00 −326.8
0.00
g g
0.00 5.5
0.00 9.7
Compound Hydrogen (Cont.) H2CO3 HF HI HIO HIO3 HN3 HNO3 HNO3·H2O HNO3·3H2O H2O H2O2 H3PO2 H3PO3 H3PO4 H2S
c c c c c c
0.00 −92.4 −125.4 −26.2 −84.3 −259.9
0.00
c c c
0.00 −15.7 −128.6
0.00
c c c aq c c aq c c c
0.00 −3.4 −14.5 −11.0 −8.3 −28.3 −32.96 0.2 11.0 −100.6
0.00
H2S2 H2SO3 H2SO4 H2Se H2SeO3 H2SeO4
24.47
H2SiO3 H4SiO4 H2Te H2TeO3
4.21 −0.76 18.71
H2TeO4 Indium In InBr3 InCl3
c c
0.00 −271.1
0.00 −258.2
aq c aq g aq, 400 aq aq g aq, 400 g aq, 100 aq, 400 aq aq, 660 l aq, 400 c aq, 300 l aq, 200
−175.6 −214.9 −214.8 −8.66 −28.80 −25.4 −11.51 −22.063 −39.85 31.1 24.2 −28.18 −23.4 −31.4 −116.2 −116.74 −196.7 −194.6 −97.8 −98.0
−153.04 −183.93 −12.72 −24.58 −19.90 5.00 −22.778 −31.330 27.94 26.55 −19.11 −0.25 −10.70 −93.56 −96.8 −165.64 −82.7 −85.1
InI3 InN In2O3 Iodine I2 IBr ICl ICl3 I2O5 Iridium Ir IrCl IrCl2 IrCl3 IrF6 IrO2 Iron Fe FeBr2
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
aq g aq, 200 g aq, 400 aq c aq g g l aq, 400 l l g l l aq, 200 c aq c aq c aq, 400 g aq, 2000 l aq, 200 l aq, 400 g aq c aq c aq, 400 c c g c aq aq
−167.19 −64.2 −75.75 6.27 −13.47 −38 −56.77 −54.8 70.3 −31.99 −41.35 −49.210 −112.91 −252.15 −57.7979 −68.3174 −45.16 −45.80 −145.5 −145.6 −232.2 −232.2 −306.2 −309.32 −4.77 −9.38 −3.6 −146.88 −193.69 −212.03 20.5 18.1 −126.5 −122.4 −130.23 −143.4 −267.8 −340.6 36.9 −145.0 −145.0 −165.6
c c aq c aq c aq c c
0.00 −97.2 −112.9 −128.5 −145.6 −56.5 −67.2 −4.8 −222.47
c g g g c c
0.00 14.88 10.05 4.20 −21.8 −42.5
0.00 4.63 1.24 −1.32 −6.05
c c c c l c
0.00 −20.5 −40.6 −60.5 −130 −40.14
0.00 −16.9 −32.0 −46.5
0.00 −57.15 −78.7
0.00
c, α c aq, 540
−149.0 −64.7 0.365 −12.35 −23.33 −32.25 78.50 −17.57 −19.05 −78.36 −193.70 −54.6351 −56.6899 −28.23 −31.47 −120.0 −204.0 −270.0 −7.85 −128.54 17.0 18.4 −101.36 −247.9 33.1 −115.7
0.00 −97.2 −117.5 −60.5
−69.47
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound Iron (Cont.) FeBr3 Fe3C Fe(CO)5 FeCO3 FeCl2 FeCl3 FeF2 FeI2 FeI3 Fe4N Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 FeO Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 FeO·SiO2 Fe2P FeSi FeS FeS2 FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 FeTiO3 Lanthanum La LaCl3 La3H8 LaN La2O3 LaS2 La2S3 La2(SO4)3 Lead Pb PbBr2 PbCO3 Pb(C2H3O2)2 PbC2O4 PbCl2 PbF2 PbI2 Pb(NO3)2 PbO PbO2 Pb3O4 Pb(OH)2 PbS PbSO4 Lithium Li LiBr LiBrO3 Li2C2 LiCN LiCNO
2-189
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
aq c l c, siderite c aq c aq, 2000 aq, 1200 c aq aq c aq aq, 800 c c c c c c c c c c, pyrites c, marcasite c aq, 400 aq, 400 c, ilmenite
−95.5 5.69 −187.6 −172.4 −81.9 −100.0 −96.4 −128.5 −177.2 −24.2 −47.7 −49.7 −2.55 −118.9 −156.5 −64.62 −198.5 −266.9 −135.9 −197.3 −273.5 −13 −19.0 −22.64 −38.62 −33.0 −221.3 −236.2 −653.3 −295.51
c c aq c c c c c aq
0.00 −253.1 −284.7 −160 −72.0 −539 −148.3 −351.4 −972
c c aq c, cerussite c aq, 400 c c aq c c c aq, 400 c, red c, yellow c c c c c
0.00 −66.24 −56.4 −167.6 −232.6 −234.2 −205.3 −85.68 −82.5 −159.5 −41.77 −106.88 −99.46 −51.72 −50.86 −65.0 −172.4 −123.0 −22.38 −218.5
c c aq, 400 aq c aq aq
0.00 −83.75 −95.40 −77.9 −13.0 −31.4 −101.2
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −76.26 4.24 −154.8 −72.6 −83.0 −96.5 −151.7 −45 −39.5 0.862 −72.8 −81.3 −59.38 −179.1 −242.3 −115.7 −166.3
−23.23 −35.93 −195.5 −196.4 −533.4 −277.06 0.00
Compound Lithium (Cont.) LiC2H3O2 Li2CO3 LiCl LiClO3 LiClO4 LiF LiH LiHCO3 LiI LiIO3 Li3N LiNO3 Li2O Li2O2 LiOH LiOH·H2O Li2O·SiO2 Li2Se Li2SO4 Li2SO4·H2O Magnesium Mg Mg(AsO4)2 MgBr2
−64.6
0.00 −62.06 −54.97 −150.0 −184.40 −75.04 −68.47 −148.1 −41.47 −58.3 −45.53 −43.88 −52.0 −142.2 −102.2 −21.98 −192.9 0.00 −95.28 −65.70 −31.35 −94.12
Mg(CN)2 MgCN2 Mg(C2H3O2)2 MgCO3 MgCl2 MgCl2·H2O MgCl2·2H2O MgCl2·4H2O MgCl2·6H2O MgF2 MgI2 MgMoO4 Mg3N2 Mg(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2·2H2O Mg(NO3)2·6H2O MgO MgO·SiO2 Mg(OH)2 MgS MgSO4 MgTe MgWO4 Manganese Mn MnBr2 Mn3C
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
aq c aq, 1900 c aq, 278 aq aq c aq, 400 c aq, 2000 c aq, 400 aq c c aq, 400 c c aq c aq, 400 c gls c aq c aq, 400 c
−183.9 −289.7 −293.1 −97.63 −106.45 −87.5 −106.3 −145.57 −144.85 −22.9 −231.1 −65.07 −80.09 −121.3 −47.45 −115.350 −115.88 −142.3 −151.9 −159 −116.58 −121.47 −188.92 −374 −84.9 −95.5 −340.23 −347.02 −411.57
c c aq c aq, 400 aq c aq c c aq, 400 c c c c c c aq, 400 c c c aq, 400 c c c c c, ppt. c, brucite c aq c aq, 400 c c
0.00 −731.3 −749 −123.9 −167.33 −39.7 −61 −344.6 −261.7 −153.220 −189.76 −230.970 −305.810 −453.820 −597.240 −263.8 −86.8 −136.79 −329.9 −115.2 −188.770 −209.927 −336.625 −624.48 −143.84 −347.5 −221.90 −223.9 −84.2 −108 −304.94 −325.4 −25 −345.2
c, α c aq c
0.00 −91 −106 1.1
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −160.00 −269.8 −267.58 −102.03 −70.95 −81.4 −136.40 −210.98 −83.03 −102.95 −37.33 −96.95 −138.0 −106.44 −108.29
−105.64 −314.66 −375.07 0.00 −630.14 −156.94 −29.08 −286.38 −241.7 −143.77 −205.93 −267.20 −387.98 −505.45 −132.45 −100.8 −140.66 −160.28 −496.03 −136.17 −326.7 −200.17 −193.3 −277.7 −283.88
0.00 −97.8 1.26
2-190
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound Manganese (Cont.) Mn(C2H3O2)2 MnCO3 MnC2O4 MnCl2 MnF2 MnI2 Mn5N2 Mn(NO3)2 Mn(NO3)2.6H2O MnO MnO2 Mn2O3 Mn3O4 MnO.SiO2 Mn(OH)2 Mn(OH)3 Mn3(PO4)2 MnSe MnS MnSO4 Mn2(SO4)3 Mercury Hg HgBr HgBr2 Hg(C2H3O2)2 HgCl2 HgCl Hg2Cl2 Hg(CN)2 HgC2O4 HgH HgI2 HgI Hg2I2 Hg(NO3)2 Hg2(NO3)2 HgO Hg2O HgS HgSO4 Hg2SO4 Molybdenum Mo Mo2C Mo2N MoO2 MoO3 MoS2 MoS3 Nickel Ni NiBr2 Ni3C Ni(C2H3O2)2 Ni(CN)2 NiCl2
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
c aq c c c aq, 400 aq, 1200 c aq c c aq, 400 c c c c c c c c c c c, green c aq, 400 c aq
−270.3 −282.7 −211 −240.9 −112.0 −128.9 −206.1 −49.8 −76.2 −57.77 −134.9 −148.0 −557.07 −92.04 −124.58 −229.5 −331.65 −301.3 −163.4 −221 −736 −26.3 −47.0 −254.18 −265.2 −635 −657
l g c aq c aq c aq g c c aq, 1110 c g c, red g c aq aq c, red c, yellow ppt. c c, black c c
0.00 23 −40.68 −38.4 −196.3 −192.5 −53.4 −50.3 19 −63.13 62.8 66.25 −159.3 57.1 −25.3 33 −28.88 −56.8 −58.5 −21.6 −20.8 −21.6 −10.7 −166.6 −177.34
c c c c c c c
0.00 4.36 −8.3 −130 −180.39 −56.27 −61.48
c c aq c aq aq c
0.00 −53.4 −72.6 9.2 −249.6 230.9 −75.0
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Compound
State†
Nickel (Cont.) −227.2 −192.5 −102.2 −180.0 −73.3 −46.49 −101.1 −441.2 −86.77 −111.49 −209.9 −306.22 −282.1 −143.1 −190 −27.5 −48.0 −228.41
NiF2 NiI2 Ni(NO3)2 NiO Ni(OH)2 Ni(OH)3 NiS NiSO4 Nitrogen N2 NF3 NH3 NH4Br NH4C2H3O2 NH4CN NH4CNS (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2C2O4
0.00 18 −38.8 −9.74 −139.2 −42.2 −23.25 14
NH4Cl NH4ClO4 (NH4)2CrO4 NH4F NH4I NH4NO3
52.25 −24.0 23 −26.53 −13.09 −15.65 −13.94 −12.80 −8.80 −149.12 0.00 2.91 −118.0 −162.01 −54.19 −57.38 0.00 −60.7 8.88 −190.1 66.3
NH4OH (NH4)2S (NH4)2SO4 N2H4 N2H4·H2O N2H4·H2SO4 N2O NO NO2 N2O4 N2O5 NOBr NOCl Osmium Os OsO4 Oxygen O2 O3 Palladium Pd PdO Phosphorus P P
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
aq, 400 c aq c aq c aq, 200 c c c c c aq, 200
−94.34 −157.5 −171.6 −22.4 −42.0 −101.5 −113.5 −58.4 −129.8 −163.2 −20.4 −216 −231.3
g g g aq, 200 c aq c aq, 400 c aq c aq aq c aq c aq, 400 c aq c aq c aq c aq c aq, 500 aq aq, 400 c aq, 400 l l c g g g g c l g
0.00 −27 −10.96 −19.27 −64.57 −60.27 −148.1 −148.58 −0.7 3.6 −17.8 −12.3 −223.4 −266.3 −260.6 −75.23 −71.20 −69.4 −63.2 −276.9 −271.3 −111.6 −110.2 −48.43 −44.97 −87.40 −80.89 −87.59 −55.21 −281.74 −279.33 12.06 −57.96 −232.2 19.55 21.600 7.96 2.23 −10.0 11.6 12.8
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −74.19 −142.9 −36.2 −64.0 −51.7 −105.6
−187.6 0.00 −3.903 −43.54 −108.26 20.4 4.4 −164.1 −196.2 −48.59 −21.1 −209.3 −84.7 −31.3
−14.50 −215.06 −214.02
24.82 20.719 12.26 23.41 19.26 16.1
c c g
0.00 −93.6 −80.1
0.00 −70.9 −68.1
g g
0.00 33.88
0.00 38.86
c c
0.00 −20.40
0.00
c, white (“yellow”) c, red (“violet”) g
0.00 −4.22 150.35
0.00 −1.80 141.88
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound Phosphorus (Cont.) P2 P4 PBr3 PBr5 PCl3 PCl5 PH3 PI3 P2O5 POCl3 Platinum Pt PtBr4 PtCl2 PtCl4 PtI4 Pt(OH)2 PtS PtS2 Potassium K K3AsO3 K3AsO4 KH2AsO4 KBr KBrO3 KC2H3O2 KCl KClO3 KClO4 KCN KCNO KCNS K2CO3 K2C2O4 K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 KF K3Fe(CN)6 K4Fe(CN)6 KH KHCO3 KI KIO3 KIO4 KMnO4 K2MoO4
2-191
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
g g l c g l g g c c g
33.82 13.2 −45 −60.6 −70.0 −76.8 −91.0 2.21 −10.9 −360.0 −138.4
c c aq c c aq c c c c
0.00 −40.6 −50.7 −34 −62.6 −82.3 −18 −87.5 −20.18 −26.64
c aq aq c c aq, 400 c aq, 1667 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 180 c aq c aq c c aq, 2000 c aq, 500 c aq, 400 aq c aq, 400 aq, 880
0.00 −323.0 −390.3 −271.2 −94.06 −89.19 −81.58 −71.68 −173.80 −177.38 −104.348 −100.164 −93.5 −81.34 −103.8 −101.14 −28.1 −25.3 −99.6 −94.5 −47.0 −41.07 −274.01 −280.90 −319.9 −315.5 −333.4 −328.2 −488.5 −472.1 −134.50 −138.36 −48.4 −34.5 −131.8 −119.9 −10 −229.8 −224.85 −78.88 −73.95 −121.69 −115.18 −98.1 −192.9 −182.5 −364.2
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 24.60 5.89 −65.2 −63.3 −73.2 −1.45 −127.2 0.00
Compound Potassium (Cont.) KNH2 KNO2 KNO3 K2O K2O·Al2O3·SiO2 K2O·Al2O3·SiO2 KOH K3PO3 K3PO4 KH2PO4 K2PtCl4 K2PtCl6
−67.9 −18.55 −24.28
K2Se K2SeO4 K2S
0.00 −355.7 −236.7 −90.8 −92.0 −60.30 −156.73 −97.76 −98.76 −69.30 −72.86 −28.08 −90.85 −44.08
K2SO3 K2SO4 K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3 K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3· 24H2O K2S2O6 Rhenium Re ReF6 Rhodium Rh RhO Rh2O Rh2O3 Rubidium Rb RbBr
−264.04
RbCN Rb2CO3
−293.1
RbCl
−306.3 −440.9 −133.13
−5.3 −207.71 −77.37 −79.76 −101.87 −99.68 −169.1 −168.0 −342.9
RbF RbHCO3 RbI RbNH2 RbNO3 Rb2O Rb2O2 RbOH Ruthenium Ru RuS2 Selenium Se
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
c aq c aq, 400 c c, leucite gls c, adularia c, microcline gls c aq, 400 aq aq c c aq c aq, 9400 c aq aq c aq, 400 c aq c aq, 400 c
−28.25 −86.0 −118.08 −109.79 −86.2 −1379.6 −1368.2 −1784.5 −1784.5 −1747 −102.02 −114.96 −397.5 −478.7 −362.7 −254.7 −242.6 −299.5 −286.1 −74.4 −83.4 −267.1 −121.5 −110.75 −267.7 −269.7 −342.65 −336.48 −1178.38
c c
−2895.44 −418.62
−2455.68
c g
0.00 −274
0.00
c c c c
0.00 −21.7 −22.7 −68.3
0.00
0.00 −95.82 −45.0 −90.54 −25.9 −273.22 −282.61 −105.06 −53.6 −101.06 −133.23 −139.31 −230.01 −225.59 −81.04 −31.2 −74.57 −27.74 −119.22 −110.52 −82.9 −107 −101.3 −115.8
0.00
c c g aq, 500 aq c aq, 220 c g aq, ∞ c aq, 400 c aq, 2000 c g aq, 400 c c aq, 400 c c c aq, 200 c c c, I, hexagonal
−75.9 −94.29 −93.68
−105.0 −443.3 −326.1 −226.5 −263.6 −99.10 −240.0 −111.44 −251.3 −314.62 −310.96 −1068.48
−52.50 −93.38 −263.78 −98.48 −57.9 −100.13 −134.5 −209.07 −40.5 −81.13 −95.05
−106.39
0.00 −46.99
0.00 −44.11
0.00
0.00
2-192
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Compound
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Se2Cl2 SeF6 SeO2 Silicon Si SiBr4 SiC SiCl4 SiF4 SiH4 SiI4 Si3N4 SiO2
Silver Ag AgBr Ag2C2 AgC2H3O2 AgCN Ag2CO3 Ag2C2O4 AgCl AgF AgI AgIO3 AgNO2 AgNO3 Ag2O Ag2S Ag2SO4 Sodium Na Na3AsO3 Na3AsO4 NaBr NaBrO NaBrO3 NaC2H3O2 NaCN NaCNO NaCNS Na2CO3 NaCO2NH2 Na2C2O4 NaCl NaClO3 NaClO4
Compound
State†
Sodium (Cont.)
Selenium (Cont.) c, II, red, monoclinic l g c
0.2 −22.06 −246 −56.33
−13.73 −222
0.00 −93.0 −28 −150.0 −142.5 −370 −14.8 −29.8 −179.25 −202.62
0.00
c l c l g g g c c c, cristobalite, 1600° form c, cristobalite, 1100° form c, quartz c, tridymite
−203.35 −203.23
c c c c aq c c c c c aq, 400 c c c aq c aq, 6500 c c c aq
0.00 −23.90 84.5 −95.9 −91.7 33.8 −119.5 −158.7 −30.11 −48.7 −53.1 −15.14 −42.02 −11.6 −2.9 −29.4 −24.02 −6.95 −5.5 −170.1 −165.8
c aq, 500 c aq, 500 c aq, 400 aq aq, 400 c aq, 400 c aq, 200 c aq c aq, 400 c aq, 1000 c c aq, 600 c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c
0.00 −314.61 −366 −381.97 −86.72 −86.33 −78.9 −68.89 −170.45 −175.450 −22.47 −22.29 −96.3 −91.7 −39.94 −38.23 −269.46 −275.13 −142.17 −313.8 −309.92 −98.321 −97.324 −83.59 −78.42 −101.12
Na2CrO4 Na2Cr2O7 NaF NaH NaHCO3
−27.4 −133.9 −133.0 −360 −9.4
NaIO3 Na2MoO4
−154.74
NaNO2
NaI
NaNO3
−202.46 −190.4 0.00 −23.02 −70.86 38.70 −103.0 −25.98 −47.26 −16.17 −24.08 3.76 9.99 −7.66 −7.81 −2.23 −7.6 −146.8 −139.22 0.00 −341.17 −87.17 −57.59 −152.31 −23.24 −86.00 −39.24 −249.55 −251.36 −283.42 −91.894 −93.92 −62.84
Na2O Na2O2 Na2O·SiO2 Na2O·Al2O3·3SiO2 Na2O·Al2O3·4SiO2 NaOH Na3PO3 Na3PO4 Na2PtCl4 Na2PtCl6 Na2Se Na2SeO4 Na2S Na2SO3 Na2SO4 Na2SO4·10H2O Na2WO4 Strontium Sr SrBr2 Sr(C2H3O2)2 Sr(CN)2 SrCO3 SrCl2 SrF2 Sr(HCO3)2 SrI2 Sr3N2 Sr(NO3)2 SrO SrO·SiO2 SrO2 Sr2O Sr(OH)2 Sr3(PO4)2 SrS
aq, 476 c aq, 800 aq, 1200 c aq, 400 c c aq c aq, ∞ aq, 400 c aq c aq c aq, 400 c c c c, natrolite c c aq, 400 aq, 1000 c aq, 400 aq c aq c aq, 440 c aq, 800 c aq, 400 c aq, 800 c aq, 1100 c c aq c c aq, 400 c aq aq c c aq, 400 c aq c aq, 400 c c aq, 400 c gls c c c aq, 800 c aq c
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
−97.66 −319.8 −323.0 −465.9 −135.94 −135.711 −14 −226.0 −222.1 −69.28 −71.10 −112.300 −364 −358.7 −86.6 −83.1 −111.71 −106.880 −99.45 −119.2 −383.91 −1180 −1366 −101.96 −112.193 −389.1 −457 −471.9 −237.2 −272.1 −280.9 −59.1 −78.1 −254 −261.5 −89.8 −105.17 −261.2 −264.1 −330.50 −330.82 −1033.85 −391 −381.5
−73.29
0.00 −171.0 −187.24 −358.0 −364.4 −59.5 −290.9 −197.84 −209.20 −289.0 −459.1 −136.1 −156.70 −91.4 −233.2 −228.73 −140.8 −364 −153.3 −153.6 −228.7 −239.4 −980 −985 −113.1
−296.58 −431.18 −129.0 −128.29 −9.30 −202.66 −202.87 −74.92 −94.84 −333.18 −71.04 −87.62 −88.84 −90.06 −105.0 −361.49 −90.60 −100.18 −428.74 −216.78
−89.42 −230.30 −101.76 −240.14 −241.58 −302.38 −301.28 −870.52 −345.18 0.00 −182.36 −311.80 −54.50 −271.9 −195.86 −413.76 −157.87 −76.5 −185.70 −133.7 −139.0 −208.27 −881.54
HEATS AND FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Continued )
Compound
State†
Strontium (Cont.) SrSO4 SrWO4 Sulfur S
S2 S6 S8 S2Br2 SCl4 S2Cl2 S2Cl4 SF6 SO SO2 SO3
SO2Cl2 Tantalum Ta TaN Ta2O5 Tellurium Te TeBr4 TeCl4 TeF6 TeO2 Thallium Tl TlBr TlCl TlCl3 TlF TlI TlNO3 Tl2O Tl2O3 TlOH Tl2S Tl2SO4 Thorium Th ThBr4 ThC2 ThCl4 ThI4 Th3N4 ThO2 Th(OH)4 Th(SO4)2
2-193
aq c aq, 400 c
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −120.4 −345.3 −345.0 −393 0.00 −0.071 0.257
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −109.78 −309.30 0.00 0.023 0.072 0.071 43.57 19.36 13.97 12.770
53.25 31.02 27.78 27.090 −4 −13.7 −14.2 −24.1 −262 19.02 −70.94 −94.39 −103.03 −105.09 −105.92 −109.34 −82.04 −89.80
−237 12.75 −71.68 −88.59 −88.28 −88.22 −88.34 −88.98 −74.06 −75.06
c c c
0.00 −51.2 −486.0
0.00 −45.11 −453.7
c c c g c
0.00 −49.3 −77.4 −315 −77.56
0.00
c c aq c aq c aq aq c aq c aq c c c aq c c aq, 800
0.00 −41.5 −28.0 −49.37 −38.4 −82.4 −91.0 −77.6 −31.1 −12.7 −58.2 −48.4 −43.18 −120 −57.44 −53.9 −22 −222.8 −214.1
c c aq c c aq aq c c c, “soluble” c aq
0.00 −281.5 −352.0 −45.1 −335 −392 −292.0 −309.0 −291.6 −336.1 −632 −668.1
−5.90
−57.4 −292 −64.66 0.00 −39.43 −32.34 −44.46 −39.09 −44.25 −73.46 −31.3 −20.09 −36.32 −34.01 −45.54 −45.35 −197.79 −191.62 0.00
SnBr2
SnCl2 SnCl4 SnI2 SnO SnO2 Sn(OH)2 Sn(OH)4 SnS Titanium Ti TiC TiCl4 TiN TiO2 Tungsten W WO2 WO3 WS2 Uranium U UC2 UCl3 UCl4 U3N4 UO2 UO2(NO3)2·6H2O UO3 U3O8 Vanadium V VCl2 VCl3 VCl4 VN V2O2 V2O3 V2O4 V2O5 Zinc Zn ZnSb ZnBr2 Zn(C2H3O2)2 Zn(CN)2 ZnCO3 ZnCl2
−295.31
ZnF2 ZnI2
−322.32 −246.33 −282.3 −280.1
Zn(NO3)2 ZnO ZnO·SiO2 Zn(OH)2 ZnS ZnSO4
−549.2
c, II, tetragonal c, III, “gray,” cubic c aq c aq c aq l aq c aq c c c c c
0.00 0.6 −61.4 −60.0 −94.8 −110.6 −83.6 −81.7 −127.3 −157.6 −38.9 −33.3 −67.7 −138.1 −136.2 −268.9 −18.61
−68.94 −110.4 −124.67
c c l c c, III, rutil amorphous
0.00 −110 −181.4 −80.0 −225.0 −214.1
0.00 −109.2 −165.5 −73.17 −211.9 −201.4
c c c c
0.00 −130.5 −195.7 −84
0.00 −118.3 −177.3
c c c c c c c c c
0.00 −29 −213 −251 −274 −256.6 −756.8 −291.6 −845.1
0.00
c c l l c c c c c
0.00 −147 −187 −165 −41.43 −195 −296 −342 −373
c c c aq, 400 c aq, 400 c c c aq, 400 aq c aq aq, 400 c, hexagonal c c, rhombic c, wurtzite c aq, 400
0.00 −3.6 −77.0 −93.6 −259.4 −269.4 17.06 −192.9 −99.9 −115.44 −192.9 −50.50 −61.6 −134.9 −83.36 −282.6 −153.66 −45.3 −233.4 −252.12
Compound Tin Sn
SnBr4
c, rhombic c, monoclinic l, λ l, λµ equilibrium g g g g l l l l g g g g l c, α c, β c, γ g l
State†
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 0.00 1.1 −55.43 −97.66
−30.95 −60.75 −123.6 −115.95 −226.00
−249.6 −242.2 −617.8
0.00
−35.08 −277 −316 −342 0.00 −3.88 −72.9 −214.4 −173.5 −88.8 −166.6 −49.93 −87.7 −76.19 −44.2 −211.28
2-194
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-178
Heats and Free Energies of Formation of Inorganic Compounds (Concluded)
Compound Zirconium Zr ZrC ZrCl4 ZrN
State† c c c c
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 0.00 −29.8 −268.9 −82.5
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol 0.00 −34.6 −75.9
Compound Zirconium (Cont.) ZrO2 Zr(OH)4 ZrO(OH)2
State† c, monoclinic c c
Heat of formation‡§ ∆H (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −258.5 −411.0 −337
Free energy of formation¶ ∆F (formation) at 25 °C, kcal/mol −244.6 −307.6
† The physical state is indicated as follows: c, crystal (solid); l, liquid; g, gas; gls, glass or solid supercooled liquid; aq, in aqueous solution. A number following the symbol aq applies only to the values of the heats of formation (not to those of free energies of formation); and indicates the number of moles of water per mole of solute; when no number is given, the solution is understood to be dilute. For the free energy of formation of a substance in aqueous solution, the concentration is always that of the hypothetical solution of unit molality. ‡ The increment in heat content, ∆H, is the reaction of forming the given substance from its elements in their standard states. When ∆H is negative, heat is evolved in the process, and, when positive, heat is absorbed. § The heat of solution in water of a given solid, liquid, or gaseous compound is given by the difference in the value for the heat of formation of the given compound in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state and its heat of formation in aqueous solution. The following two examples serve as an illustration of the procedure: (1) For NaCl(c) and NaCl(aq, 400H2O), the values of ∆H(formation) are, respectively, −98.321 and −97.324 kcal/mol. Subtraction of the first value from the second gives ∆H = 0.998 kcal/mol for the reaction of dissolving crystalline sodium chloride in 400 mol of water. When this process occurs at a constant pressure of 1 atm, 0.998 kgcal of energy are absorbed. (2) For HCl(g) and HCl(aq, 400H2O), the values for ∆H(formation) are, respectively, −22.06 and −39.85 kcal/mol. Subtraction of the first from the second gives ∆H = −17.79 kcal/mol for the reaction of dissolving gaseous hydrogen chloride in 400 mol of water. At a constant pressure of 1 atm, 17.79 kcal of energy are evolved in this process. The increment in the free energy, ∆F, is the reaction of forming the given substance in its standard state from its elements in their standard states. The standard states are: for a gas, fugacity (approximately equal to the pressure) of 1 atm; for a pure liquid or solid, the substance at a pressure of 1 atm; for a substance in aqueous solution, the hypothetical solution of unit molality, which has all the properties of the infinitely dilute solution except the property of concentration. ¶ The free energy of solution of a given substance from its normal standard state as a solid, liquid, or gas to the hypothetical one molal state in aqueous solution may be calculated in a manner similar to that described in footnote § for calculating the heat of solution.
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K
2-195
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58
Acetaldehyde Acetamide Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acetylene Acrolein Acrylic acid Acrylonitrile Air Ammonia Anisole Argon Benzamide Benzene Benzenethiol Benzoic acid Benzonitrile Benzophenone Benzyl alcohol Benzyl ethyl ether Benzyl mercaptan Biphenyl Bromine Bromobenzene Bromoethane Bromomethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene Butane 1,2-Butanediol 1,3-Butanediol 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Butyl acetate Butylbenzene Butyl mercaptan sec-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butyne Butyraldehyde Butyric acid Butyronitrile Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorine Chlorobenzene Chloroethane Chloroform Chloromethane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane
C2H4O C2H5NO C2H4O2 C4H6O3 C3H6O C2H3N C2H2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H3N Mixture H3N C7H8O Ar C7H7NO C6H6 C6H6S C7H6O2 C7H5N C13H10O C7H8O C9H12O C7H8S C12H10 Br2 C6H5Br C2H5Br CH3Br C4H6 C4H6 C4H10 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O C4H10O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C6H12O2 C10H14 C4H10S C4H10S C4H6 C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H7N CO2 CS2 CO CCl4 CF4 Cl2 C6H5Cl C2H5Cl CHCl3 CH3Cl C3H7Cl C3H7Cl
75-07-0 60-35-5 64-19-7 108-24-7 67-64-1 75-05-8 74-86-2 107-02-8 79-10-7 107-13-1 132259-10-0 7664-41-7 100-66-3 7440-37-1 55-21-0 71-43-2 108-98-5 65-85-0 100-47-0 119-61-9 100-51-6 539-30-0 100-53-8 92-52-4 7726-95-6 108-86-1 74-96-4 74-83-9 590-19-2 106-99-0 106-97-8 584-03-2 107-88-0 71-36-3 78-92-2 106-98-9 590-18-1 624-64-6 123-86-4 104-51-8 109-79-5 513-53-1 107-00-6 123-72-8 107-92-6 109-74-0 124-38-9 75-15-0 630-08-0 56-23-5 75-73-0 7782-50-5 108-90-7 75-00-3 67-66-3 74-87-3 540-54-5 75-29-6
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas entropy, J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
44.053 59.067 60.052 102.089 58.079 41.052 26.037 56.063 72.063 53.063 28.960 17.031 108.138 39.948 121.137 78.112 110.177 122.121 103.121 182.218 108.138 136.191 124.203 154.208 159.808 157.008 108.965 94.939 54.090 54.090 58.122 90.121 90.121 74.122 74.122 56.106 56.106 56.106 116.158 134.218 90.187 90.187 54.090 72.106 88.105 69.105 44.010 76.141 28.010 153.823 88.004 70.906 112.557 64.514 119.378 50.488 78.541 78.541
−16.64 −23.83 −46.11 −57.25 −21.57 7.404 22.82 −8.18 −35.591 18.37 0 −4.5898 −6.79 0 −10.09 8.288 11.15 −29.41 21.57 5.68 −9.025 −11.5 9.33 17.849 3.091 10.5018 −6.36 −3.77 16.23 10.924 −12.579 −44.58 −43.32 −27.51 −29.29 −0.05 −0.74 −1.1 −48.56 −1.314 −8.78 −9.66 16.52 −20.7 −47.58 3.40578 −39.351 11.69 −11.053 −9.581 −92.21 0 5.109 −11.226 −10.29 −8.196 −13.318 −14.477
−13.33 −15.96 −40.3 −47.34 −15.13 9.1868 21.068 −5.68 −30.6 19.37 0 −1.64 2.27 0 −0.211 12.96 14.76 −21.42 25.78 17.3 −0.254 3.37 16.3 27.63 0.314 13.8532 −2.582 −2.819 19.86 14.972 −1.67 −30.44 −29.18 −15.07 −16.7 7.041 6.536 6.32 −31.26 14.54 1.139 0.512 20.225 −11.63 −36 10.8658 −39.437 6.68 −13.715 −5.354 −87.76 0 9.829 −6.0499 −7.01 −5.844 −5.261 −6.136
2.642 2.722 2.825 3.899 2.954 2.4329 2.0081 2.97 3.15 2.753 1.99 1.9266 3.61 1.54737 3.641 2.693 3.369 3.69 3.21 4.4 3.713 4.39 3.607 3.9367 2.4535 3.24386 2.873 2.458 2.93 2.7889 3.0991 4.065 4.065 3.618 3.566 3.074 3.012 2.965 4.425 4.3949 3.752 3.667 2.9039 3.4365 3.601 3.25432 2.13677 2.379 1.97556 3.0991 2.62 2.22972 3.1403 2.7578 2.956 2.3418 3.1547 3.0594
−1.1045 −1.0741 −0.7866 −1.675 −1.659 −1.19043 −1.257 −1.5468 −1.32717 −1.69 0 −0.31683 −3.6072 0 −3.39877 −3.136 −3.4474 −3.0951 −3.5238 −6.2876 −3.56 −4.83 −4.06 −6.248 −3.01917 −1.285 −0.70542 −2.4617 −2.409 −2.65732 −2.2678 −2.2824 −2.454 −2.446 −2.5408 −2.5339 −2.53 −3.28 −5.5644 −2.9554 −2.949 −2.4647 −2.3035 −2.008 −2.4148 −1.0769 −0.283 −0.2653 0.5286 −2.976 −1.2849 −0.38 −0.67538 −1.867 −1.863
2-196
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued)
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
Mol. wt.
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116
m-Cresol o-Cresol p-Cresol Cumene Cyanogen Cyclobutane Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Cyclohexene Cyclopentane Cyclopentene Cyclopropane Cyclohexyl mercaptan Decanal Decane Decanoic acid 1-Decanol 1-Decene Decyl mercaptan 1-Decyne Deuterium 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane Dibromomethane Dibutyl ether m-Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane Dichloromethane 1,1-Dichloropropane 1,2-Dichloropropane Diethanol amine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Diethyl sulfide 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Difluoroethane Difluoromethane Di-isopropyl amine Di-isopropyl ether Di-isopropyl ketone 1,1-Dimethoxyethane 1,2-Dimethoxypropane Dimethyl acetylene Dimethyl amine 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl ether N,N-Dimethyl formamide 2,3-Dimethylpentane Dimethyl phthalate Dimethylsilane
C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C9H12 C2N2 C4H8 C6H12 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10 C5H10 C5H8 C3H6 C6H12S C10H20O C10H22 C10H20O2 C10H22O C10H20 C10H22S C10H18 D2 C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 CH2Br2 C8H18O C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 CH2Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C4H11NO2 C4H11N C4H10O C4H10S C2H4F2 C2H4F2 CH2F2 C6H15N C6H14O C7H14O C4H10O2 C5H12O2 C4H6 C2H7N C6H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C2H6S2 C2H6O C3H7NO C7H16 C10H10O4 C2H8Si
108-39-4 95-48-7 106-44-5 98-82-8 460-19-5 287-23-0 110-82-7 108-93-0 108-94-1 110-83-8 287-92-3 142-29-0 75-19-4 1569-69-3 112-31-2 124-18-5 334-48-5 112-30-1 872-05-9 143-10-2 764-93-2 7782-39-0 557-91-5 106-93-4 74-95-3 142-96-1 541-73-1 95-50-1 106-46-7 75-34-3 107-06-2 75-09-2 78-99-9 78-87-5 111-42-2 109-89-7 60-29-7 352-93-2 75-37-6 624-72-6 75-10-5 108-18-9 108-20-3 565-80-0 534-15-6 7778-85-0 503-17-3 124-40-3 79-29-8 590-66-9 2207-01-4 6876-23-9 624-92-0 115-10-6 68-12-2 565-59-3 131-11-3 1111-74-6
108.138 108.138 108.138 120.192 52.035 56.106 84.159 100.159 98.143 82.144 70.133 68.117 42.080 116.224 156.265 142.282 172.265 158.281 140.266 174.347 138.250 4.032 187.861 187.861 173.835 130.228 147.002 147.002 147.002 98.959 98.959 84.933 112.986 112.986 105.136 73.137 74.122 90.187 66.050 66.050 52.023 101.190 102.175 114.185 90.121 104.148 54.090 45.084 86.175 112.213 112.213 112.213 94.199 46.068 73.094 100.202 194.184 60.170
Ideal gas enthalpy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
−13.23 −12.857 −12.535 0.4 30.9072 2.85 −12.33 −28.62 −22.61 −0.46 −7.703 3.23 5.33 −9.602 −33.17 −24.946 −59.43 −39.85 −12.21 −21.09 4.1 0 −4.08 −3.89
−4.019 −3.543 −3.166 13.79 29.7598 11.22 3.191 −10.95 −9.028 10.77 3.885 11.05 10.44 4.886 −6.739 3.318 −30.5 −10.02 12.27 6.165 25.16 0 −1.181 −1.054
−33.34 2.57 3.02 2.25 −12.941 −12.979 −9.552 −15.08 −16.28 −40.847 −7.142 −25.21 −8.356 −49.7 −44.77 −45.23 −14.38 −31.92 −31.14 −38.97 −38.42 14.57 −1.845 −17.68 −18.1 −17.2172 −17.9996 −2.42 −18.41 −19.17 −19.41 −60.5 −9.47
−8.827 7.79 8.29 7.67 −7.259 −7.3945 −6.896 −6.52 −8.018 −22.574 7.308 −12.21 1.774 −43.9485 −39.19 −42.4747 6.42 −12.48 −12.37 −23.8 −20.11 18.49 6.839 −0.3125 3.52293 4.12124 3.44761 1.516 −11.28 −8.84 0.5717 −46.7749 −1.925
Ideal gas entropy, J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
3.5604 3.5259 3.5075 3.86 2.41463 2.64396 2.97276 3.277 3.3426 3.10518 2.929 2.91267 2.37378 3.646 5.7912 5.457 5.99 5.971 5.433 6.116 5.263 1.4486 3.276 3.297 2.92964 5.014 3.4353 3.4185 3.3674 3.0501 3.0828 2.7018 3.448 3.548 4.29 3.522 3.423 3.681 2.824 2.88194 2.4658 4.12 3.989 4.27 3.726 4.038 2.833 2.7296 3.6592 3.65012 3.7451 3.70912 3.35291 2.667 3.26 4.1455 6.6 2.9953
−3.52783 −3.528 −3.52256 −4.951 −1.0961 −2.5678 −3.656 −3.4639 −3.299 −3.532 −3.0709 −2.9393 −1.9593 −3.968 −5.959 −6.29422 −5.72 −6.116 −6.1809 −6.6161 −6.1037 −0.24625 −1.16 −1.1769 −4.94691 −2.825 −2.826 −2.802 −1.1104 −1.105 −0.51388 −1.72 −1.707 −2.4105 −2.8003 −2.5035 −2.9607 −0.773662 −0.823 −0.183031 −3.99 −3.70261 −4.095 −2.394 −2.996 −2.4189 −1.6146 −3.84761 −4.8639 −4.87084 −4.86436 −2.0441 −1.3284 −1.78871 −4.46075 −4.4662 −2.569
2-197
117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl terephthalate 1,4-Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dipropyl amine Dodecane Eicosane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl amine Ethylbenzene Ethyl benzoate 2-Ethyl butanoic acid Ethyl butyrate Ethylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane Ethylene Ethylenediamine Ethylene glycol Ethyleneimine Ethylene oxide Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid Ethylhexyl ether Ethylisopropyl ether Ethylisopropyl ketone Ethyl mercaptan Ethyl propionate Ethylpropyl ether Ethyltrichlorosilane Fluorine Fluorobenzene Fluoroethane Fluoromethane Formaldehyde Formamide Formic acid Furan Helium-4 Heptadecane Heptanal Heptane Heptanoic acid 1-Heptanol 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanone 2-Heptanone 1-Heptene Heptyl mercaptan 1-Heptyne Hexadecane Hexanal Hexane Hexanoic acid 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 1-Hexene 3-Hexyne Hexyl mercaptan
C2H6S C2H6OS C10H10O4 C4H8O2 C12H10O C6H15N C12H26 C20H42 C2H6 C2H6O C4H8O2 C2H7N C8H10 C9H10O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C8H16 C7H14 C2H4 C2H8N2 C2H6O2 C2H5N C2H4O C3H6O2 C8H16O2 C8H18O C5H12O C6H12O C2H6S C5H10O2 C5H12O C2H5Cl3Si F2 C6H5F C2H5F CH3F CH2O CH3NO CH2O2 C4H4O He C17H36 C7H14O C7H16 C7H14O2 C7H16O C7H16O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14 C7H16S C7H12 C16H34 C6H12O C6H14 C6H12O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12 C6H10 C6H14S
75-18-3 67-68-5 120-61-6 123-91-1 101-84-8 142-84-7 112-40-3 112-95-8 74-84-0 64-17-5 141-78-6 75-04-7 100-41-4 93-89-0 88-09-5 105-54-4 1678-91-7 1640-89-7 74-85-1 107-15-3 107-21-1 151-56-4 75-21-8 109-94-4 149-57-5 5756-43-4 625-54-7 565-69-5 75-08-1 105-37-3 628-32-0 115-21-9 7782-41-4 462-06-6 353-36-6 593-53-3 50-00-0 75-12-7 64-18-6 110-00-9 7440-59-7 629-78-7 111-71-7 142-82-5 111-14-8 111-70-6 543-49-7 106-35-4 110-43-0 592-76-7 1639-09-4 628-71-7 544-76-3 66-25-1 110-54-3 142-62-1 111-27-3 626-93-7 591-78-6 589-38-8 592-41-6 928-49-4 111-31-9
62.134 78.133 194.184 88.105 170.207 101.190 170.335 282.547 30.069 46.068 88.105 45.084 106.165 150.175 116.158 116.158 112.213 98.186 28.053 60.098 62.068 43.068 44.053 74.079 144.211 130.228 88.148 100.159 62.134 102.132 88.148 163.506 37.997 96.102 48.060 34.033 30.026 45.041 46.026 68.074 4.003 240.468 114.185 100.202 130.185 116.201 116.201 114.185 114.185 98.186 132.267 96.170 226.441 100.159 86.175 116.158 102.175 102.175 100.159 100.159 84.159 82.144 118.240
−3.724 −15.046 −64.4 −31.58 5.2 −11.6 −29.072 −45.646 −8.382 −23.495 −44.45 −4.715 2.992 −32.6 −53.78 −48.55 −17.15 −12.69 5.251 −1.73 −39.22 12.3428 −5.263 −38.83 −55.95 −33.37 −28.58 −28.61 −4.63 −46.36 −27.22 −59.54 0 −11.6566 −26.44 −23.43 −10.86 −19.22 −40.55 −3.48 0 −39.445 −26.94 −18.765 −53.62 −33.68 −35.54 −30.1 −30.0453 −6.289 −14.95 10.3 −37.417 −24.86 −16.694 −51.19 −31.62 −33.46 −27.9826 −27.76 −4.167 10.6 −12.92
0.7302 −8.1441 −47.4 −18.16 17.5 8.68 4.981 11.57 −3.192 −16.785 −32.8 3.616 13.073 −19.05 −35.9 −31.22 3.955 4.48 6.844 10.3 −30.18 17.7987 −1.323 −30.31 −32.5 −9.042 −12.64 −13.3 −0.4814 −31.93 −11.52 −51.01 0 −6.9036 −21.23 −21.04 −10.26 −14.71 −37.78 0.08225 0 9.083 −9.191 0.8165 −33.4 −12.55 −14.25 −12.25 −11.96 9.482 3.622 22.7 8.216 −10.005 −0.006634 −33.8 −13.39 −15.06 −13.0081 −12.6 8.7 19.9 2.759
2.8585 3.0627 5.5 3.0012 4.13 4.29 6.2415 9.3787 2.2912 2.8064 3.597 2.848 3.6063 4.55 4.23 4.417 3.826 3.783 2.192 3.21833 3.04891 2.5062 2.4299 3.282 5.1 5.076 3.8 4.069 2.961 4.025 3.881 4.07 2.02682 3.02629 2.644 2.22734 2.1866 2.4857 2.487 2.6714 1.26044 8.2023 4.6138 4.2798 4.8 4.795 4.74 4.58 4.486 4.252 4.939 4.085 7.8102 4.2214 3.8874 4.41 4.402 4.349 4.17856 4.092 3.863 3.76 4.546
−1.7443 −1.6054 −4.4115 −2.1863 −5.8939 −4.0189 −7.51368 −12.3908 −1.42864 −1.235 −2.061 −1.5874 −4.3448 −4.41 −3.21203 −3.284 −4.87051 −4.2839 −1.323 −1.691 −1.0527 −1.481 −1.218 −1.50696 −4.448 −4.943 −3.103 −3.4863 −1.7366 −2.674 −3.12 −1.671 −2.81451 −1.127 −0.5219 −0.5268 −0.5021 −0.2115 −1.9959 0 −10.5618 −4.136 −4.46473 −3.839 −4.285 −4.282 −4.098 −4.09952 −4.3499 −4.7865 −4.2717 −9.95145 −3.52 −3.8551 −3.23 −3.675 −3.67 −3.49 −3.492 −3.7397 −3.64 −4.1762
2-198
TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Continued)
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237
1-Hexyne 2-Hexyne Hydrazine Hydrogen Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide Isobutyric acid Isopropyl amine Malonic acid Methacrylic acid Methane Methanol N-Methyl acetamide Methyl acetate Methyl acetylene Methyl acrylate Methyl amine Methyl benzoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methylbutane 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene 2-Methyl -1-butene-3-yne Methylbutyl ether Methylbutyl sulfide 3-Methyl-1-butyne Methyl butyrate Methylchlorosilane Methylcyclohexane 1-Methylcyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol Methylcyclopentane 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene Methyldichlorosilane Methylethyl ether Methylethyl ketone Methylethyl sulfide Methyl formate Methylisobutyl ether Methylisobutyl ketone Methyl Isocyanate Methylisopropyl ether Methylisopropyl ketone Methylisopropyl sulfide Methyl mercaptan Methyl methacrylate 2-Methyloctanoic acid 2-Methylpentane Methyl pentyl ether 2-Methylpropane 2-Methyl-2-propanol
C6H10 C6H10 H4N2 H2 HBr HCl CHN HF H2S C4H8O2 C3H9N C3H4O4 C4H6O2 CH4 CH4O C3H7NO C3H6O2 C3H4 C4H6O2 CH5N C8H8O2 C5H8 C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H10 C5H10 C5H6 C5H12O C5H12S C5H8 C5H10O2 CH5ClSi C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C6H12 C6H10 C6H10 CH4Cl2Si C3H8O C4H8O C3H8S C2H4O2 C5H12O C6H12O C2H3NO C4H10O C5H10O C4H10S CH4S C5H8O2 C9H18O2 C6H14 C6H14O C4H10 C4H10O
693-02-7 764-35-2 302-01-2 1333-74-0 10035-10-6 7647-01-0 74-90-8 7664-39-3 7783-06-4 79-31-2 75-31-0 141-82-2 79-41-4 74-82-8 67-56-1 79-16-3 79-20-9 74-99-7 96-33-3 74-89-5 93-58-3 598-25-4 78-78-4 116-53-0 123-51-3 563-46-2 513-35-9 78-80-8 628-28-4 628-29-5 598-23-2 623-42-7 993-00-0 108-87-2 590-67-0 7443-70-1 7443-52-9 96-37-7 693-89-0 1120-62-3 75-54-7 540-67-0 78-93-3 624-89-5 107-31-3 625-44-5 108-10-1 624-83-9 598-53-8 563-80-4 1551-21-9 74-93-1 80-62-6 3004-93-1 107-83-5 628-80-8 75-28-5 75-65-0
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas entropy, J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
82.144 82.144 32.045 2.016 80.912 36.461 27.025 20.006 34.081 88.105 59.110 104.061 86.089 16.042 32.042 73.094 74.079 40.064 86.089 31.057 136.148 68.117 72.149 102.132 88.148 70.133 70.133 66.101 88.148 104.214 68.117 102.132 80.589 98.186 114.185 114.185 114.185 84.159 82.144 82.144 115.034 60.095 72.106 76.161 60.052 88.148 100.159 57.051 74.122 86.132 90.187 48.107 100.116 158.238 86.175 102.175 58.122 74.122
12.37 10.5 9.5353 0 −3.629 −9.231 13.5143 −27.33 −2.063 −48.41 −8.38 −76.68 −36.8 −7.452 −20.094 −24 −41.19 18.49 −33.3 −2.297 −28.79 12.908 −15.37 −49.8 −30.3 −3.53 −4.18 26 −25.81 −10.2 13.8 −45.07 −21.5 −15.48 −33.2 −32.7 −35.26 −10.62 −0.38 0.74 −40.2 −21.64 −23.9 −5.96 −35.24 −26.6 −28.64 −6.24 −25.2 −26.26 −8.96 −2.29 −36 −57.95 −17.455 −27.8 −13.499 −31.24
21.85 19.9 15.917 0 −5.334 −9.53 12.4725 −27.54 −3.344 −36.21 3.192 −67 −28.8 −5.049 −16.232 −13.5 −32.42 19.384 −25.7 3.207 −18.1 19.75 −1.405 −34.99 −14.1 6.668 6.045 30.25 −10.17 2.691 20.72 −30.53 −16.61 2.733 −12.9 −12.68 −15.24 3.63 10.38 11.38 −34.83 −11.71 −14.7 1.147 −29.5 −10.7 −13.51 0.0244 −12.18 −13.93 1.4509 −0.98 −25.4 −31.8 −0.5338 −9.35 −2.144 −17.76
3.694 3.72 2.3861 1.30571 1.98591 1.86786 2.01719 1.7367 2.056 3.412 3.124 3.7 3.5 1.8627 2.3988 3.2 3.198 2.4836 3.66 2.433 4.14 3.2151 3.4374 3.9 3.869 3.395 3.386 2.78 3.901 4.118 3.189 3.988 2.98277 3.433 3.75 3.853 3.853 3.399 3.264 3.305 3.287 3.0881 3.394 3.332 2.852 3.81 4.129 1.955 3.416 3.699 3.59 2.55 4.01 5.533 3.8089 4.32 2.955 3.263
−3.661 −3.64 −0.5342 −0.24182 −0.06904 −0.0286 −0.62329 0.1524 −0.518 −2.0004 −2.1566 −0.7732 −1.93 −0.80262 −0.6382 −1.71 −1.461 −1.8487 −1.9303 −0.97508 −3.772 −3.032 −3.23954 −2.622 −3.062 −3.1159 −3.1088 −2.93 −3.12818 −3.5723 −3.046 −2.686 −1.693 −4.25714 −4.058 −4.0574 −4.0318 −3.6741 −3.534 −3.5464 −1.357 −1.9314 −2.268 −2.354 −0.8924 −3.122 −3.4762 −1.06 −2.5311 −2.877 −2.957 −1.1517 −2.54 −5.056 −3.84915 −3.739 −2.64895 −2.4239
2-199
238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
2-Methyl propene Methyl propionate Methylpropyl ether Methylpropyl sulfide Methylsilane alpha-Methyl styrene Methyl tert-butyl ether Methyl vinyl ether Naphthalene Neon Nitroethane Nitrogen Nitrogen trifluoride Nitromethane Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Nonadecane Nonanal Nonane Nonanoic acid 1-Nonanol 2-Nonanol 1-Nonene Nonyl mercaptan 1-Nonyne Octadecane Octanal Octane Octanoic acid 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Octanone 3-Octanone 1-Octene Octyl mercaptan 1-Octyne Oxalic acid Oxygen Ozone Pentadecane Pentanal Pentane Pentanoic acid 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 1-Pentene 2-Pentyl mercaptan Pentyl mercaptan 1-Pentyne 2-Pentyne Phenanthrene Phenol Phenyl isocyanate Phthalic anhydride Propadiene Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propenylcyclohexene Propionaldehyde Propionic acid
C4H8 C4H8O2 C4H10O C4H10S CH6Si C9H10 C5H12O C3H6O C10H8 Ne C2H5NO2 N2 F3N CH3NO2 N2O NO C19H40 C9H18O C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C9H20O C9H18 C9H20S C9H16 C18H38 C8H16O C8H18 C8H16O2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16 C8H18S C8H14 C2H2O4 O2 O3 C15H32 C5H10O C5H12 C5H10O2 C5H12O C5H12O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10 C5H12S C5H12S C5H8 C5H8 C14H10 C6H6O C7H5NO C8H4O3 C3H4 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C9H14 C3H6O C3H6O2
115-11-7 554-12-1 557-17-5 3877-15-4 992-94-9 98-83-9 1634-04-4 107-25-5 91-20-3 7440-01-9 79-24-3 7727-37-9 7783-54-2 75-52-5 10024-97-2 10102-43-9 629-92-5 124-19-6 111-84-2 112-05-0 143-08-8 628-99-9 124-11-8 1455-21-6 3452-09-3 593-45-3 124-13-0 111-65-9 124-07-2 111-87-5 123-96-6 111-13-7 106-68-3 111-66-0 111-88-6 629-05-0 144-62-7 7782-44-7 10028-15-6 629-62-9 110-62-3 109-66-0 109-52-4 71-41-0 6032-29-7 107-87-9 96-22-0 109-67-1 2084-19-7 110-66-7 627-19-0 627-21-4 85-01-8 108-95-2 103-71-9 85-44-9 463-49-0 74-98-6 71-23-8 67-63-0 13511-13-2 123-38-6 79-09-4
56.106 88.105 74.122 90.187 46.144 118.176 88.148 58.079 128.171 20.180 75.067 28.013 71.002 61.040 44.013 30.006 268.521 142.239 128.255 158.238 144.255 144.255 126.239 160.320 124.223 254.494 128.212 114.229 144.211 130.228 130.228 128.212 128.212 112.213 146.294 110.197 90.035 31.999 47.998 212.415 86.132 72.149 102.132 88.148 88.148 86.132 86.132 70.133 104.214 104.214 68.117 68.117 178.229 94.111 119.121 148.116 40.064 44.096 60.095 60.095 122.207 58.079 74.079
−1.71 −42.75 −23.82 −8.23 −2.91 11.83 −28.32 −10.8 15.058 0 −10.21 0 −13.2089 −7.47 8.205 9.025 −43.579 −31.09 −22.874 −57.73 −37.79 −39.71 −10.35 −19.08 6.17 −41.512 −29.02 −20.875 −55.6 −35.73 −37.62 −32.16 −33.9 −8.194 −17.01 8.23 −72.37 0 14.2671 −35.311 −22.78 −14.676 −49.13 −29.57 −31.37 −25.92 −25.79 −2.162 −11.3 −10.84 14.44 12.89 20.12 −9.6399 −1.454 −37.14 19.05 −10.468 −25.46 −27.21 4.677 −18.63 −47.99
5.808 −31.1 −11.1 1.793 1.853 21.73 −11.7 −4.73 22.408 0 −0.6125 0 −9.06 −0.6934 10.416 8.657 10.74 −7.553 2.498 −31.7 −10.86 −12.61 11.23 5.28 24.34 9.91 −8.377 1.6 −32.5 −11.7 −13.43 −11.38 −12.81 10.57 4.457 23.5 −66.14 0 16.3164 7.426 −10.71 −0.8813 −34.7 −14.23 −15.88 −13.83 −13.44 7.837 1.814 1.94408 21.03 19.45 30.219 −3.2637 4.87212 −30.7001 20.08 −2.439 −15.99 −17.52 20.85 −12.46 −38.5
2.9309 3.596 3.52 3.717 2.565 3.725 3.578 3.08 3.3315 1.46219 3.168 1.915 2.6062 2.751 2.1985 2.106 8.9866 5.3988 5.064 5.59 5.579 5.523 5.041 5.724 4.8699 8.5945 5.0063 4.6723 5.2 5.187 5.132 4.962 4.879 4.637 5.331 4.478 3.433 2.05043 2.38823 7.4181 3.8289 3.4945 4.02 4.01 3.958 3.786 3.7 3.462 4.05 4.154 3.298 3.3084 3.945 3.1481 3.527 3.995 2.439 2.702 3.226 3.175 4.233 3.044 2.949
−2.5242 −2.078 −2.51739 −2.962 −1.999 −4.8214 −3.105 −1.77431 −4.9809 0 −1.25 −0.6432 −0.0820482 −0.0902489 −11.7812 −5.35 −5.68455 −5.061 −5.506 −5.506 −5.5716 −6.006 −5.493 −11.1715 −4.74 −5.07415 −4.448 −4.895 −4.894 −4.6984 −4.711 −4.961 −5.3962 −4.88145 −0.1989 0 −0.142671 −9.34237 −2.91 −3.24494 −2.617 −3.064 −3.058 −2.87956 −2.8804 −3.13037 −3.564 −3.5641 −3.051 −3.0291 −6.8282 −2.921 −3.298 −3.1715 −1.8563 −2.04311 −1.844 −1.834 −5.232 −1.6857 −1.395
2-200 TABLE 2-179
Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Net Enthalpies of Combustion of Inorganic and Organic Compounds at 298.15 K (Concluded)
Cmpd. no.
Name
Formula
CAS no.
301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Propionitrile Propyl acetate Propyl amine Propylbenzene Propylene Propyl formate 2-Propyl mercaptan Propyl mercaptan 1,2-Propylene glycol Quinone Silicon tetrafluoride Styrene Succinic acid Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur trioxide Terephthalic acid o-Terphenyl Tetradecane Tetrahydrofuran 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetrahydrothiophene 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Thiophene Toluene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Tridecane Triethyl amine Trimethyl amine 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Undecane 1-Undecanol Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetylene Vinyl chloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Water m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene
C3H5N C5H10O2 C3H9N C9H12 C3H6 C4H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8O2 C6H4O2 F4Si C8H8 C4H6O4 O2S F6S O3S C8H6O4 C18H14 C14H30 C4H8O C10H12 C4H8S C8H18 C4H4S C7H8 C2H3Cl3 C13H28 C6H15N C3H9N C9H12 C9H12 C8H18 C8H18 C6H3N3O6 C7H5N3O6 C11H24 C11H24O C4H6O2 C4H4 C2H3Cl C2H3Cl3Si H 2O C8H10 C8H10 C8H10
107-12-0 109-60-4 107-10-8 103-65-1 115-07-1 110-74-7 75-33-2 107-03-9 57-55-6 106-51-4 7783-61-1 100-42-5 110-15-6 7446-09-5 2551-62-4 7446-11-9 100-21-0 84-15-1 629-59-4 109-99-9 119-64-2 110-01-0 594-82-1 110-02-1 108-88-3 79-00-5 629-50-5 121-44-8 75-50-3 526-73-8 95-63-6 540-84-1 560-21-4 99-35-4 118-96-7 1120-21-4 112-42-5 108-05-4 689-97-4 75-01-4 75-94-5 7732-18-5 108-38-3 95-47-6 106-42-3
Mol. wt.
Ideal gas enthalpy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas Gibbs energy of formation, J/kmol × 1E-07
Ideal gas entropy, J/(kmolK) × 1E-05
Standard net enthalpy of combustion, J/kmol × 1E-09
55.079 102.132 59.110 120.192 42.080 88.105 76.161 76.161 76.094 108.095 104.079 104.149 118.088 64.064 146.055 80.063 166.131 230.304 198.388 72.106 132.202 88.171 114.229 84.140 92.138 133.404 184.361 101.190 59.110 120.192 120.192 114.229 114.229 213.105 227.131 156.308 172.308 86.089 52.075 62.498 161.490 18.015 106.165 106.165 106.165
5.18 −46.48 −7.05 0.79 2.023 −40.76 −7.59 −6.75 −42.15 −12.29 −161.494 14.74 −82.29 −29.684 −122.047 −39.572 −71.79 27.66 −33.244 −18.418 2.661 −3.376 −22.56 11.544 5.017 −14.2 −31.177 −9.58 −2.431 −0.95 −1.38 −22.401 −21.845 6.24 4.34 −27.043 −41.9 −31.49 30.46 2.845 −48.116 −24.1814 1.732 1.908 1.803
9.74949 −32.04 4.17 13.76 6.264 −29.36 −0.218 0.2583 −30.4 −6.92 −157.27 21.39 −69.73 −30.012 −111.653 −37.095 −59.9 42.3 6.599 −7.969 16.71 4.59 2.239 12.67 12.22 −8.097 5.771 11.41 9.899 12.61 11.71 1.394 1.828 26.79 28.44 4.116 −9.177 −22.79 30.6 4.195 −42.5514 −22.859 11.876 12.2 12.14
2.8614 4.023 3.242 4.0014 2.67 3.678 3.243 3.365 3.52 3.205 2.82651 3.451 4.034 2.481 2.91625 2.5651 4.48 5.263 7.0259 2.9729 3.6964 3.1 3.893 2.784 3.2099 3.371 6.6337 4.054 2.87 3.805 3.961 4.2296 4.2702 4.435 4.607 5.8493 6.363 3.28 2.794 2.7354 3.73966 1.88724 3.5854 3.5383 3.52165
−1.8007 −2.672 −2.165 −4.95415 −1.9262 −2.041 −2.3398 −2.3458 −1.6476 −2.658 0.7055 −4.219 −1.3591 0.924 0.1422 −3.0576 −9.053 −8.73282 −2.325 −5.3575 −2.76549 −5.0639 −2.4352 −3.734 −0.9685 −8.1229 −4.0405 −2.2449 −4.934 −4.9307 −5.06528 −5.06876 −2.6867 −3.2959 −6.9036 −6.726 −1.95 −2.362 −1.178 −1.544 −4.3318 −4.333 −4.333
The compounds are considered to be formed from the elements in their standard states at 298.15 K and 101,325 Pa. These include C (graphite) and S (rhombic). Enthalpy of combustion is the net value for the compound in its standard state at 298.15 K and 101,325 Pa. Products of combustion are taken to be CO2 (gas), H2O (gas), Cl2 (gas), Br2 (gas), I2 (gas), SO2 (gas), N2 (gas), P4O10 (crystalline), SiO2 (crystobalite), and Al2O3 (crystal, alpha).
Values in this table were taken from the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), copyright 2007 AIChE and reproduced with permission of AICHE and of the DIPPR Evaluated Process Design Data Project Steering Committee. Their source should be cited as R. L. Rowley, W. V. Wilding, J. L. Oscarson, Y. Yang, N. A. Zundel, T. E. Daubert, R. P. Danner, DIPPR® Data Compilation of Pure Chemical Properties, Design Institute for Physical Properties, AIChE, New York (2007).
PROPERTIES OF FORMATION AND COMBUSTION REACTIONS TABLE 2-180
2-201
Ideal Gas Sensible Enthalpies, hT - h298 (kJ/kmol), of Combustion Products
Temperature, K
CO
CO2
H
OH
H2
N
NO
NO2
N2
N2O
O
O2
SO2
H2O
200 240 260 280 298.15
−2858 −1692 −1110 −529 0
−3414 −2079 −1383 −665 0
−2040 −1209 −793 −377 0
−2976 −1756 −1150 −546 0
−2774 −1656 −1091 −522 0
−2040 −1209 −793 −378 0
−2951 −1743 −1142 −543 0
−3495 −2104 −1392 −672 0
−2857 −1692 −1110 −528 0
−3553 −2164 −1438 −692 0
−2186 −1285 −840 −398 0
−2868 −1703 −1118 −533 0
−3736 −2258 −1496 −718 0
−3282 −1948 −1279 −609 0
300 320 340 360 380
54 638 1221 1805 2389
69 823 1594 2382 3184
38 454 870 1285 1701
55 654 1251 1847 2442
53 630 1209 1791 2373
38 454 870 1286 1701
55 652 1248 1845 2442
68 816 1571 2347 3130
54 636 1219 1802 2386
72 854 1654 2470 3302
41 478 913 1346 1777
54 643 1234 1828 2425
74 881 1702 2538 3387
62 735 1410 2088 2769
400 420 440 460 480
2975 3563 4153 4643 5335
4003 4835 5683 6544 7416
2117 2532 2948 3364 3779
3035 3627 4219 4810 5401
2959 3544 4131 4715 5298
2117 2533 2949 3364 3780
3040 3638 4240 4844 5450
3927 4735 5557 6392 7239
2971 3557 4143 4731 5320
4149 5010 5884 6771 7670
2207 2635 3063 3490 3918
3025 3629 4236 4847 5463
4250 5126 6015 6917 7831
3452 4139 4829 5523 6222
500 550 600 650 700
5931 7428 8942 10477 12023
8305 10572 12907 15303 17754
4196 5235 6274 7314 8353
5992 7385 8943 10423 11902
5882 6760 8811 10278 11749
4196 5235 6274 7314 8353
6059 7592 9144 10716 12307
8099 10340 12555 14882 17250
5911 7395 8894 10407 11937
8580 10897 13295 15744 18243
4343 5402 6462 7515 8570
6084 7653 9244 10859 12499
8758 11123 13544 16022 18548
6925 8699 10501 12321 14192
750 800 850 900 950
13592 15177 16781 18401 20031
20260 22806 25398 28030 30689
9392 10431 11471 12510 13550
13391 14880 16384 17888 19412
13223 14702 16186 17676 19175
9329 10431 11471 12510 13550
13919 15548 17195 18858 20537
19671 22136 24641 27179 29749
13481 15046 16624 18223 19834
20791 23383 26014 28681 31381
9620 10671 11718 12767 13812
14158 15835 17531 19241 20965
21117 23721 26369 29023 31714
16082 18002 19954 21938 23954
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
21690 25035 28430 31868 35343
33397 38884 44473 50148 55896
14589 16667 18746 20824 22903
20935 24024 27160 30342 33569
20680 23719 26797 29918 33082
14589 16667 18746 20824 22903
22229 25653 29120 32626 36164
32344 37605 42946 48351 53808
21463 24760 28109 31503 34936
34110 39647 45274 50976 56740
14860 16950 19039 21126 23212
22703 26212 29761 33344 36957
34428 39914 45464 51069 56718
26000 30191 34506 38942 43493
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
38850 42385 45945 49526 53126
61705 67569 73480 79431 85419
24982 27060 29139 31217 33296
36839 40151 43502 46889 50310
36290 39541 42835 46169 49541
24982 27060 29139 31218 33296
39729 43319 46929 50557 54201
59309 64846 70414 76007 81624
38405 41904 45429 48978 52548
62557 68420 74320 80254 86216
25296 27381 29464 31547 33630
40599 44266 47958 51673 55413
62404 68123 73870 79642 85436
48151 52908 57758 62693 67706
2000 2100 2200 2300 2400
56744 60376 64021 67683 71324
91439 97488 103562 109660 115779
35375 37453 39532 41610 43689
53762 57243 60752 64285 67841
52951 56397 59876 63387 66928
35375 37454 39534 41614 43695
57859 61530 65212 68904 72606
87259 92911 98577 104257 109947
56137 59742 63361 66995 70640
92203 98212 104240 110284 116344
35713 37796 39878 41962 44045
59175 62961 66769 70600 74453
91250 97081 102929 108792 114669
72790 77941 83153 88421 93741
2500 2600 2700 2800 2900
74985 78673 82369 86074 89786
121917 128073 134246 140433 146636
45768 47846 49925 52004 54082
71419 75017 78633 82267 85918
70498 74096 77720 81369 85043
45777 47860 49945 52033 54124
76316 80034 83759 87491 91229
115648 121357 127075 132799 138530
74296 77963 81639 85323 89015
122417 128501 134596 140701 146814
46130 48216 50303 52391 54481
78328 82224 86141 90079 94036
120559 126462 132376 138302 144238
99108 104520 109973 115464 120990
3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
93504 112185 130989 149895 168890
152852 184109 215622 247354 279283
56161 66554 75947 87340 97733
89584 108119 126939 145991 165246
88740 107555 126874 146660 166876
56218 66769 77532 88614 100111
94973 113768 132671 151662 170730
144267 173020 201859 230756 259692
92715 111306 130027 148850 167763
152935 183636 214453 245348 276299
56574 67079 77675 88386 99222
98013 118165 188705 159572 180749
150184 180057 210145 240427 270893
126549 154768 183552 212764 242313
Converted and usually rounded off from JANAF Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971 (1141 pp.).
2-202
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA
TABLE 2-181 Temperature, K
Ideal Gas Entropies s°, kJ/(kmolK), of Combustion Products CO
CO2
H
OH
H2
N
NO
NO2
N2
N2O
O
O2
SO2
H2O
200 240 260 280 298.15
186.0 191.3 193.7 195.3 197.7
200.0 206.0 208.