1,011 299 25MB
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Archive Fever RELR ;14 ,N AND POSTMODERNISM
A FREUDIAN rid PRESSION
A Sc•res Edged b in C. 741e)r
JACQUES DERRIDA TRANSEATED BY ERIC
UNIVERSETY OF CEIICAu0 PRESS
Chicago ter LoAdon
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Contents
1995 The JK>hns Huirk ms Unroer$ity Nuft
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l'PAI by 1 he
411(liii
All Iillit leu-1%.4
werci ty
tdu ion published P.M')
C.ivicagli
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patrutichi....e or or rnatriarchive, and one would no longer even tin stand how an ancestor can sixak within us, or what SC Ilfee
l_-ter, we ought, perhaps, to formulate the concept and the forin.al law of This niosiariii - Fin the iiilormin t aanw WE' 1i'
-
-
there might he in us
CU SII(`.1 k. w
him 'Jr lier, ill siieak in such
illustraic it while cvliking again one of the most stiiking inori•nts
WiM it
1;1% 11.1. 011, tca kli or licr
iIi
the ¢:, i1 1 11t:aV cay it in Decent
of him. that Yet 11911;11mi has. -
We• ha•c airc.adly cricoinitcrC'd this alternative, voe will return
with Freud, at the end of his lx.)uk, in what he calls his "Nlonologue
to it again: 1\105t raw ;Lily 14) %.vh.,-ti will have been predefined
with Freud," Vile must COTgie ILO the moment at vvhich Yerusbalitii
as the Freudian nr psychoanalytic archive in genCrall
S-124.111S. it) SUISpnli..1 ciecryilling, in particular evetvalukg lic.
uadirlg, of iracrii-rinatioil, of clasuhcation 1ti h1tlI havi: IrCeil fe-
and iLio n t: up ti.) this tm.)iiit, lion) thc• r hi cad of a discrete sentence_
t+iLlrwc unity is [bus pre-
cciv4243 and c.cllt.t•tt:ti oult 4)1 tins
has said
Oine could he IcrnptrcI I o rcv rcI this (ktrcad ns the toribilical cord
right NI treat
of the book. Ever•thing seems to he suspendrd from this umbilical
thi• Naid psyclioanalytic4 Freudian art - hive according to a logic or
cnrd—hy the un1biLica.1 cord of the event which such a book as this
..1 method., a historiography or a hermeneutic independent of Freu-
represents. For in a work un.tirely devoted to nit:Inc)! y and to On:
dian psychoanalysis, indeed anterior evcri to 1 he very name of
archive, a sentence on the Iasi page says the 1 1.1R 11 C, I t say's, irl tilt ftii Lire tense: "Much will depend, of course. on how the very terens
suppuscd? t )r r.atlsc r , Las oti• Hit thc c►lltrary
-
1-'reud, presupposing in another manner I hi: clusuie and I hc i t i cat , ty „1 t hi s 4;1) WILLS Tliis independence Ciill LakC
jeterili iind ,,•ienc• are to he Elainee PM], This icntcnce follmv4:41
.
,
pre- Or ImiS111SyChilariahytii.: 4 With in Virithtlln ;111 C1C ' lick pro,
j•C•U to init'gro.to Jana
fornialiit.e what 2 minute .ago
Fri Ll{^litrl iinpression. This
-
:111 Allusion to MIK h fliiture work," and it a ggrav ated the opening of this Future, enlarging it accordingly, in which tile vet)! possibtirIN
.
"'
called the
Lanni-al: to a INUAllbCf
iliosc %vim arc pariicipating 7u this conference or who share t h is folli:crik, and not only, here and iherc, to the most en -Jim:LH
fruitele-dger remained suspended in the conditiolial:
Profeqsor Freud, 411 this point I find it futile to ask whether, ge-
idr i h.
enigniaric scum:, th.•hich will clarify' ii5e1lperiaps (perhaps,
netically rUlctit rally, psychoanalysis is really a Jewish science; that we shall know, if it is at riff knowable, only when mach
here, lor esst!ntial reasons), the
Cutnre work has ken donc, Much will depend, ut course, on
question of the archive is not, we repeat, a quenlion of Ike past. 11 is not the iitiCSUOIL cif a (7.)m:9A dcaling with I he past that might
how the very iermskwrih a lid c.,rext(e arc to be del led. [100, Lily
In
h.c..7ause nothing should lx
Mire.
emphasid
0111 4.111)i1Sal or out at ;Air tli5pusal,Arn arc/Jim/He (otii rev WM,- arc him . It is „i question of the future, the question fiticaely lie al
rutilte.
ilu• question of Tcspn-usr,
rif a rifinEliSC rind riC
a re-
1 )rairiatic turn, 5Lrol‹v of thearrr, cm4p dr thaw- within coup- de thicifre. In an instant which dislocates the linear order of prtsents,
sponsibility for tornorrow, Thy archive._ 1t Wt want ti.) kn114% whai that will li•vc Dic- ina, we will only know in tillliCS tO r01111:.
a scond coup de. rh6.itre illuminates the llr3t. It is also Litt' thundcr-
Lo Corm!, labut (in 01 •rrhaps ricwcr. A
winch, Lit a flash, LrJ tls llxrc will] ihe memory of the first.
NUL (Oil Lor ow Init in times.
spro.r.al inrs5ii11iit:ity is ;111 work in IlIC concept 401 I ICS it,
we MC
-
Arcliict. and
rrligion, like history, like science it rII, coa ',Try Singulm
experience nr the promisc.
bolt of love at first sight, a (Gliti) Sc limuire 1.11.py• and tiarnicrcncr)
-
never 'kir from Freud
saying this, :91,ics5ialiiicity dots nut trman flaC5)iatliS311. Having cxplamcd niVst. .11 -
this
Cl$CwIlc•ci
diVinetIOn
as establish.cd, 10 La-der if!
and F.:INC Cline-
revs of Afar x, and even if MC Lit treat it enigma -I ir.,
With another light, Orli.' Lief loliper knows what i.l]e beefs, what the fen ce of this theater will have been, the first stroke of trine , the first .4-r.roke. thief/YR', The first pctiod. question or the a rcllitie rtitta.in5 the s:a1114: What crimes first? %VIM efilliCS firlt?
Anti
rFCC (51114. 1 ?
AL IAA' end of the pm:I:ding clia1itcr,1lit: first CeJlep
theiltre in
volving a urucial episude and a "canonical t•xt": Yerushahrii had ''
esrablished the extraorilinals archive sive 'nista ibecl in thy cx.cigiic_
That thr ymisition dicii is more filial, that it 11112(lik5tS the love and
1 k
t 11C TC yea
givcii his rearltirs tltc unique. Lopy gi•cD. hill first of
icturiird, key
arclipalrialth
t4.1 thr
paternal gesture-. pQssibly it confirms and relaunches it
lakith
riarell,
of a son, in no way contradicts the miittition of the
and yet, right on the 501:Multi- nFiLS new Skin," thefigara-
ea
abiane. A scholar addressing a phantom recalls irreci riktls the of thy -drat] father,
ti ve- reminder of a circoincision. the impression left On kris body by
opcliing of Handel. At clic spectral
Lklc archive of ;3 dissymmetrical Ceti t: Mira Wir11013t contract, ora row/mit: covenant Lu Will(11 Sigmund Slieloinuli subscribed befc ire
Horatio," I hive tried to show elsewhere that though the 4:11aA$iCal
ev e rt knowing how Lu Sign. - lunch lcss couillterSign
scholar did nor believe in phantoms and truly would not know
NKr uniless tliirknt
cif
his II:1111r, In
!On
Marcellus implores F loratio: "Thou art Schuller, tprakc to- it,.
how to speak rd therm, Chen kirbiddIng himself' to do so, it is quite
this insc 4161.117 en (thyme, in the
of arehio nornologieal event. under the new {kin (P•a look that
possible 'hat Marcellu$ had anticipated I he coming of ti schular
a 31C.s4 hurii i there
fire p.fure., who, in the future arid 7io as to COnCrive of 1111C
le:ion:au:111 Arcady the words inllemlud to. .r tile licveliorn of a GLA.1 spcaking to hull In Ii IL 1.1 ( Within you") cycli briore he coUld Sibrak,
dare to admii that he knows how to speak rco the phantom, even
to decipher:
claiming that 'his not only neither contradisis 314311- his scholarship but will in truth have conditioned it, at the price of some
Giving us this archive to read, offering it to t..15 in the course of a
still-inconcervable coinplication that Jnay vet prove the other one, that is, d i e i hantam, ELr Ix COI J C.1.1., And perhaps always the 130.k-road
consigns the new skin, WOUIldCd and hleSSed, of
.
"
giving him to understand,
i4.) 11r.;1.1,
in truth to read or
"Go. rcad 111y Rook IliaL I 11.01 16. c ve- rittrn." masterly cle.ciplicrinent, Yerteslialtrii i in turn, than 1.K.P pre
J3 iCA 115
less Ii}
girt
Ilk acts a bit like Jakob, who does not give Sig-
[intik] his, .h.ible brit ruber gives it back to him. Kimmins it to him.
in giving us this ilocuencot to read, this UAW scholar w;1 1.E5 give back to Freud his own compc 'nice, his own rapacity to receive and thus to read the Hebrew arS.Scription. I le wants above All tO maku Intl] C0111ns it. Because FUCtid„ Arid this is thy (IcClared aim
'Eer ushal in i's 4.1cintinstration, ILIUM
ILLVC khoWn„ from a yoUnE, ;Tr,
how to I { - .Ii I file dedication. I le might, in t tias.reiiirricc, to have con •
Ici.sed belonging. thus mak ing his f T•hrew culture puld 5,0 ilkOre
Or
doing
clearly than he did. Yertishalmi recalled all Freud's denials
c)r, this subject, -concerning his own family or ltitnselI (al] emancipated AbriVii.ro.? he clailtietl, all VI rairiiins! and -.Alio retained of Jewish
Like Frciid"s father, the scholar seeks it call
Sigmund She-14m m/, 11;104 01 the COliCILARE by ectablishing, that is to sav, b• restoring. au- covenant, The. scholar repeats, in a way, the sl us e fat the father. He recall s or he repeats the ciret1InCiSiO11,
the f]1 her Call only dcill....1C01.1r5e3 .11) Yfiguri'• the nvoliicrit 111.% 11 After the first, a second ((nip tie Iiitc4jrrr. it 54;1101a .1 Vcal L .1111111, 1A' 1111 Eh` illiCarliteStalik 017 r t►drc
it . II it
One and
an apparently iniirC addresses or rather 'nett-rids to address Professor Freud, in truth Freud's ghost, directly.
'Mt in
flame, would dare to speak to the phantom. A scholar who would
.
phantom, that is, who is in a position 110 l'PC correct, to be proven correct —ancl to have the last word. "F),, ir an d most JSi gL,Ly esteerne.4.1 Professor .Fneticr: so beg An intensely filial and respectful letter, indeed, hut all the more bitter, cutting, MerCileSS in the rciortiadi,une 'would say Miff-
letter.
atroiis in the (11.3 0 . 16101g, if th.c other were nisi dead, and thus inft
cutely inaccessible in his all-powerful vulnerability. These thirty-odd pages are not only to be classed as fiction, which would already br. ;i break with the language that has dominated up Lo (ins point in Ihc book., that is, the dise/mrse of Si.holars hip, the discourie of a historian, of a philologict, of an the history
CA. Kill on
of Judaism, of a biblical scholar, as they nay, cl ng to
speak in all objectivity while basing himself on ancient or new arcl-nycs—and the wealth of these novelties has to do With
the fact that certain of these cl4N.:11111CIUS,
yis ihi r or Li Liccu411)1.e, scern or
1-111parttc.ul:l r
111)1.ii IL(JW
pri ,eatc, tiLy•4: been
El CV,'
hardly
I y inter-
preted, ncwiy translated, newly illiuninated from historical
Or
Iyll ilcFlrtiic:aLviewpoints.
No, this fie:tirin has another originality, which sets the fictionality of the 'Monologue as if or a4n1c: the apostrophe is Addressed to a dead persou, to the.. historialt's ribrcCt b.t collar' spectral subject, the -
vutual.
1..1f a
CH -I11.4:1 ]tae
rChilii:C
sort
of Ora [CRC!. A ill-1 1.11CA .
elfcct. In LIB very Jyc(i1i11, t his apostrophe cm idles 1 he cor-
Iii:s written works i pilbl iC ant I privair writings., clinical, I. [icor criCal, or 21.1t 01110g Ca
ithict1, in5titurional Or no, psycho:Lir:46e and
pus it claims to treat but which it enlarges and of which, in fact, it
cal, scientific or
is hencerorttli a part. At the end ol
(II LT
2 t ight
discusAion with the phan.
TOD Eit I
ir-didaktri,," t he signatory 01 LILL: book and
of the lettel ends by ititcrrogniing the specter Wr will (writ
Or
novelistic"—heetnise slerushalini's entire book
a hoQk by Freud that Ile himself wanted to present as
/)er hint; Aft.w.c..r„ raaJ
tont. according to the intersected rult.'..5 4)i ilsychoanaiysis dikd of (lie Talmud, 'in the spirit of
-
hit
11 a
forisc hcr RurrrUtt, While it n
new ColiCcpt ui trutla, d14 is, kinder the
31;1111C of
514 U iC al truth: .
a 1ruLIl that stliolArS hip, histo•iography, ;Ind perlliips philosophy
FT Ckld
this, Fri t- the innineni, ii•e say the "book - and
have
SOFTYC ciilficulty
chinking through). Freud is thus no longer
ihe "letter" because if the Ictt cr is apparently a part of the book, if
treated as a witness in the third person (rerstis); he finds himself
the "Monologue with Freud" resembles a. l.or chapter of the book,
card (U wrirriol; as a second person. A gesture_ incompatible in prin-
L:131 also
note two other SURICRill al. $ingulaiiricS aboLII its rela-
ciple with the 110111.15 of Cla.55K.:31
ier ar fie di5fol..115,c, in particular
tionship to Clic book WhiCh, itt leas( w_coi ding (U the cdikuriat Con-
will'. those of history or of
verilion of it% bibliographic a.n.-hivization, contains it within itself.
C;1311r IN MAC 011' 10
In Ills ides( place, this fictitious "Monologue
is heterogeneous to
logic.:11 1c1 ter All of a sudden proposes to this second person, ...dm jS
the book. in its status, in its proret, in its Corm; it is thus by pure
at first addressed as "you" arid not he, to speak in len/150f "'We,"
juridical fiction that such a fiction IS, in dreet.. bc_PUJILI ill the Sallie
And as he recognizes thin this. other does not have a true right vi
sign(',( by the "
Wit - 01611i
"
Sa.1111C author,
-
under cighl
and ilia it i
(nonlictionak ntillLC i Elo•tik: nor ril-PbTAIMIC FIEFF
I Lt Cf;lr',') in the bihliographic catalogue whost classical categorws ATV
fOk
at
The beginning of the work_ In the second place, this
postscript of sorts retrospc] ift ;quo si
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-4 MANIA
E:==illilaZZIAIICa T., L
tionall reverie, it is as if the archaeolngist had succeeded in plating the archivist out of work. And Ow tranSlalor loo s of collisc. Yet 111E -.4 - %gone% ;ire Jill:hives, Afrd evequilic kflriws. aidlives do nut 9)cak.
C'h'en anSvivring 111:ichi lie's. OrIlly the'
Lins%ver. And
what is more, in Freud's 5ecriario, these arrhives .urn rlltt to Iii biliu g ua L Elio/ are cht: ❑ 1 5 0.1:1 1eCS alrtady translations u themselves,
ilicY '!'11c; 31, a dcad language and at living WIC, (4Cek u id Gerrnan for exanaph., .4 bit like limoId in his encounter with Uradivn, or at least as dead-and-Forgotten Willa) WI
11 1perrnik them in rtl
(p. 9_”. So these.
5 t 4.MCS,
ILIC:111 language
alkci lieSS Li cad 011c
to he de( i1 ir
;MCI ralLNiarC4i "
"
archives yielding "undreamed-of
(kin aboin the events of the rcinotc past." can hardly hr taken for pure firthj: ..11 discoveries iri c :)-1:.11-cxplajtat.ory, it I..; rPrily insofar as thew' rilready a Ciki: 11 DUNA 5 inn i Li
"
".
Archival toil, And not al all hecause the events they r CL'Ori I (mild without archivization. It is certainly not Wit hotit sigriific.mier
existent arc hivable content in a SimiTIC manner_ Conversely, insofar as it is archivable, an event is always arc)wing: an event is an arCliiVilig act (n en if dint: way nut be a "proper . ' arCllikic and even if thy art:hi...Lc or an cccul, as its iiilcrinctalton, 4.11.WayS [entail!. Olycn. Anil ihis is where the clues-tion of archival 14.-chtinlogy is su signifi E:;1. IA, for it "contlition5 the igl7pYr rtii0.17, 1)C1:131e the division betIp'Vetu printed and printer' (p. it). What i5 the printcd here? Ts it the attliive. or printed content, 'Lc. what is arChpvc& Arid is die puller the e'lictit that I V.VieTS its Iflipriark, that is archived, or the L Strticture 111)4kt prints"? hefof chand we do cwt know. Thcrc is the f414)1 ;HMI there is the :mil, But as Gradiva's sole, or Harold's lor that inatIVI, Of so many others', tOtichcs the ground, the lout, the Icg, the a,, arid the earth below serve together as a .1 InOillentary printing i.lress that will leave C sort of archjYt: cycll as it disappears forever, And this is the trurth of the
that they should beIiti hr id, dead/living, ugly. That stones. which
thy true event of the event, neither material nor event 01 c)I, I r historical: "before. the division: as thc and dcad inav
unglil to lac dead, N114,11.1.1d talk, whirls only the liYirig ought to do..
mingic their steps, and we'll never know for .sure who's who or
nor that this event should
what's what_
ircr (wined in a pal Ocular
w:w herr, where the "Sionr 3 whir in italics,. with -
exclamation
point, and above all in Latin. the dead language living in Ficiid"s own Ivh-brid text. f = ear
it-'etre.r can be written down lo an instant, it is the
the instanianeou5 event a5 overdcterinination, In other ‘vorils. cxreedtlig List iI 1.11ICOIVI al net] caking fur its archivizAtion hccause Already containing the sccds
a its
umill;.1 Al Eve.,
Divided in. ;1 nd of itself. Calling but not neec's5,-1filv ;insWering for its archive. Because one can scarcely' believe that when called upon Witilcs3 iv its singularitv or its originality, to the rigiikal singularity that it an event any more than a living being
;IS Ll
Li
ter
evrr responds in in airsohlti - iy living and infinitely welkadjusted
ritannCi, vcithoUr the leaSi A 17 t 4-5 1 .11.1r1Siin
having an 4ir(Jima I technique overflow the singularity of an i-vent „" (p. i
CYCC
\Vithout :wine answering r»achirie effect, Norric spectrality in the respi)I1Sc and
ti"111h. 41.1.1.;likil k thr
hVing. VI. h i(h
LS
to say that the. rm-
pPr.c.Oem, ilic unique nwiliictit of archivi7.-Ation, "produces as it rcCrirds tilt: event" . IT. 1 7), While nonetheless 'King the' (until(1.1H1 01 its potential ircpC.Tition; it illev•T neutrally consigns a pre .
Right U.11 the ask, Dcrricla says, even if it inake5 no senSe. And; JP?i".19JC_
s Cited
Wor
Virralter_ r.`fixer den Bc.,,grVfdr-r GeschicAre trileses oft brae Pkidrosophy N./ I I rs,re),Iyi. Ccianamcile .15cArrpen. Vol [_ Ed, 14.0[ Tiniciemnii.
Full am ;11. -bill: Siihr Limp!, OM_ Fittleric,
and Iosei f J lriut YL7/1.15h FYI i.
!Via•
Park:
1 4i9). Cmnilie. -S4 1.11P,I1 Arcitriqti
aisri file r 4 1.4.1s/ogre'
temporarne. IPawisr Albin 2 1c1iiclicl, 1994. f)(.-r rida Ja(quc.s.. /Yuri 7
apek.,.ziypAreffte
th.f,9pA; rifigg4.21,:e cpg
- &Aft" de tor: 1.4- 71;)arienwerr ruyftigro•
pin iarophie ,
I itX3,
I 'iris.; (
(1;111P.r ,
iraufor iter."
1994, Pohn,1.140-ear leimaie,
r LS: C ;:111iMC,
Pk; ugel: I X-vint 1.i 11-11.". . I -a Pe-ult..' dr jitlel. P.111%; Nil,' Li it I '0'35. •Ypre'rer.%
Ptizgy K.arnufl Ncw Yrirk: Routledg•,
Afarx.
1994. 'Elam., of Stethr, — - •
Alw X. 1 2 1. iS: Cali[ - c, 1994_ A i jj , 111".rifinge_rmi Thifercoper.
1978. Trans.
i IL agu I
I
Lori. rfre rt irte deffiArtner. ] 'iris: Scull, 1%7.
Freud', Sigmund. The ii.:(impiere 1_este7J of Stgnurnd Freud BY 1.3 1rihrirn 1C1 0.11 .
Elorvard
11,1MS. III I 4:11
,Icif.14.y
Mel V•11,11. .:1.11111f
idge, MA:
1985.
Tfic .tangichti l rfatrurj cif the :r0furiele Piyehological Works vf.SIR In and Fic;(41..h In5. faincs Sii.i41icy.1,01111011; IIogairrii. 1'153 74. ISO 1.1511;1111111, Yr 1 4;{• 1.'n rtar.:; Alrore r: 1rivirrign crud 'Ergo thli -
-
-
-
Ncv. Havc.n; Yale 4.1P. 19 441. I i}rtury clod Pretti) Alernoiy. .198, 2_ New Y'ork: Zha(he)) 1 89. 11. Sc heir k