Archive Fever

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Archive Fever RELR ;14 ,N AND POSTMODERNISM

A FREUDIAN rid PRESSION

A Sc•res Edged b in C. 741e)r

JACQUES DERRIDA TRANSEATED BY ERIC

UNIVERSETY OF CEIICAu0 PRESS

Chicago ter LoAdon

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Contents

1995 The JK>hns Huirk ms Unroer$ity Nuft

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15 a Itxturr junc 5. 1994, al a collixi

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patrutichi....e or or rnatriarchive, and one would no longer even tin stand how an ancestor can sixak within us, or what SC Ilfee

l_-ter, we ought, perhaps, to formulate the concept and the forin.al law of This niosiariii - Fin the iiilormin t aanw WE' 1i'

-

-

there might he in us

CU SII(`.1 k. w

him 'Jr lier, ill siieak in such

illustraic it while cvliking again one of the most stiiking inori•nts

WiM it

1;1% 11.1. 011, tca kli or licr

iIi

the ¢:, i1 1 11t:aV cay it in Decent

of him. that Yet 11911;11mi has. -

We• ha•c airc.adly cricoinitcrC'd this alternative, voe will return

with Freud, at the end of his lx.)uk, in what he calls his "Nlonologue

to it again: 1\105t raw ;Lily 14) %.vh.,-ti will have been predefined

with Freud," Vile must COTgie ILO the moment at vvhich Yerusbalitii

as the Freudian nr psychoanalytic archive in genCrall

S-124.111S. it) SUISpnli..1 ciecryilling, in particular evetvalukg lic.

uadirlg, of iracrii-rinatioil, of clasuhcation 1ti h1tlI havi: IrCeil fe-

and iLio n t: up ti.) this tm.)iiit, lion) thc• r hi cad of a discrete sentence_

t+iLlrwc unity is [bus pre-

cciv4243 and c.cllt.t•tt:ti oult 4)1 tins

has said

Oine could he IcrnptrcI I o rcv rcI this (ktrcad ns the toribilical cord

right NI treat

of the book. Ever•thing seems to he suspendrd from this umbilical

thi• Naid psyclioanalytic4 Freudian art - hive according to a logic or

cnrd—hy the un1biLica.1 cord of the event which such a book as this

..1 method., a historiography or a hermeneutic independent of Freu-

represents. For in a work un.tirely devoted to nit:Inc)! y and to On:

dian psychoanalysis, indeed anterior evcri to 1 he very name of

archive, a sentence on the Iasi page says the 1 1.1R 11 C, I t say's, irl tilt ftii Lire tense: "Much will depend, of course. on how the very terens

suppuscd? t )r r.atlsc r , Las oti• Hit thc c►lltrary

-

1-'reud, presupposing in another manner I hi: clusuie and I hc i t i cat , ty „1 t hi s 4;1) WILLS Tliis independence Ciill LakC

jeterili iind ,,•ienc• are to he Elainee PM], This icntcnce follmv4:41

.

,

pre- Or ImiS111SyChilariahytii.: 4 With in Virithtlln ;111 C1C ' lick pro,

j•C•U to init'gro.to Jana

fornialiit.e what 2 minute .ago

Fri Ll{^litrl iinpression. This

-

:111 Allusion to MIK h fliiture work," and it a ggrav ated the opening of this Future, enlarging it accordingly, in which tile vet)! possibtirIN

.

"'

called the

Lanni-al: to a INUAllbCf

iliosc %vim arc pariicipating 7u this conference or who share t h is folli:crik, and not only, here and iherc, to the most en -Jim:LH

fruitele-dger remained suspended in the conditiolial:

Profeqsor Freud, 411 this point I find it futile to ask whether, ge-

idr i h.

enigniaric scum:, th.•hich will clarify' ii5e1lperiaps (perhaps,

netically rUlctit rally, psychoanalysis is really a Jewish science; that we shall know, if it is at riff knowable, only when mach

here, lor esst!ntial reasons), the

Cutnre work has ken donc, Much will depend, ut course, on

question of the archive is not, we repeat, a quenlion of Ike past. 11 is not the iitiCSUOIL cif a (7.)m:9A dcaling with I he past that might

how the very iermskwrih a lid c.,rext(e arc to be del led. [100, Lily

In

h.c..7ause nothing should lx

Mire.

emphasid

0111 4.111)i1Sal or out at ;Air tli5pusal,Arn arc/Jim/He (otii rev WM,- arc him . It is „i question of the future, the question fiticaely lie al

rutilte.

ilu• question of Tcspn-usr,

rif a rifinEliSC rind riC

a re-

1 )rairiatic turn, 5Lrol‹v of thearrr, cm4p dr thaw- within coup- de thicifre. In an instant which dislocates the linear order of prtsents,

sponsibility for tornorrow, Thy archive._ 1t Wt want ti.) kn114% whai that will li•vc Dic- ina, we will only know in tillliCS tO r01111:.

a scond coup de. rh6.itre illuminates the llr3t. It is also Litt' thundcr-

Lo Corm!, labut (in 01 •rrhaps ricwcr. A

winch, Lit a flash, LrJ tls llxrc will] ihe memory of the first.

NUL (Oil Lor ow Init in times.

spro.r.al inrs5ii11iit:ity is ;111 work in IlIC concept 401 I ICS it,

we MC

-

Arcliict. and

rrligion, like history, like science it rII, coa ',Try Singulm

experience nr the promisc.

bolt of love at first sight, a (Gliti) Sc limuire 1.11.py• and tiarnicrcncr)

-

never 'kir from Freud

saying this, :91,ics5ialiiicity dots nut trman flaC5)iatliS311. Having cxplamcd niVst. .11 -

this

Cl$CwIlc•ci

diVinetIOn

as establish.cd, 10 La-der if!

and F.:INC Cline-

revs of Afar x, and even if MC Lit treat it enigma -I ir.,

With another light, Orli.' Lief loliper knows what i.l]e beefs, what the fen ce of this theater will have been, the first stroke of trine , the first .4-r.roke. thief/YR', The first pctiod. question or the a rcllitie rtitta.in5 the s:a1114: What crimes first? %VIM efilliCS firlt?

Anti

rFCC (51114. 1 ?

AL IAA' end of the pm:I:ding clia1itcr,1lit: first CeJlep

theiltre in

volving a urucial episude and a "canonical t•xt": Yerushahrii had ''

esrablished the extraorilinals archive sive 'nista ibecl in thy cx.cigiic_

That thr ymisition dicii is more filial, that it 11112(lik5tS the love and

1 k

t 11C TC yea

givcii his rearltirs tltc unique. Lopy gi•cD. hill first of

icturiird, key

arclipalrialth

t4.1 thr

paternal gesture-. pQssibly it confirms and relaunches it

lakith

riarell,

of a son, in no way contradicts the miittition of the

and yet, right on the 501:Multi- nFiLS new Skin," thefigara-

ea

abiane. A scholar addressing a phantom recalls irreci riktls the of thy -drat] father,

ti ve- reminder of a circoincision. the impression left On kris body by

opcliing of Handel. At clic spectral

Lklc archive of ;3 dissymmetrical Ceti t: Mira Wir11013t contract, ora row/mit: covenant Lu Will(11 Sigmund Slieloinuli subscribed befc ire

Horatio," I hive tried to show elsewhere that though the 4:11aA$iCal

ev e rt knowing how Lu Sign. - lunch lcss couillterSign

scholar did nor believe in phantoms and truly would not know

NKr uniless tliirknt

cif

his II:1111r, In

!On

Marcellus implores F loratio: "Thou art Schuller, tprakc to- it,.

how to speak rd therm, Chen kirbiddIng himself' to do so, it is quite

this insc 4161.117 en (thyme, in the

of arehio nornologieal event. under the new {kin (P•a look that

possible 'hat Marcellu$ had anticipated I he coming of ti schular

a 31C.s4 hurii i there

fire p.fure., who, in the future arid 7io as to COnCrive of 1111C

le:ion:au:111 Arcady the words inllemlud to. .r tile licveliorn of a GLA.1 spcaking to hull In Ii IL 1.1 ( Within you") cycli briore he coUld Sibrak,

dare to admii that he knows how to speak rco the phantom, even

to decipher:

claiming that 'his not only neither contradisis 314311- his scholarship but will in truth have conditioned it, at the price of some

Giving us this archive to read, offering it to t..15 in the course of a

still-inconcervable coinplication that Jnay vet prove the other one, that is, d i e i hantam, ELr Ix COI J C.1.1., And perhaps always the 130.k-road

consigns the new skin, WOUIldCd and hleSSed, of

.

"

giving him to understand,

i4.) 11r.;1.1,

in truth to read or

"Go. rcad 111y Rook IliaL I 11.01 16. c ve- rittrn." masterly cle.ciplicrinent, Yerteslialtrii i in turn, than 1.K.P pre

J3 iCA 115

less Ii}

girt

Ilk acts a bit like Jakob, who does not give Sig-

[intik] his, .h.ible brit ruber gives it back to him. Kimmins it to him.

in giving us this ilocuencot to read, this UAW scholar w;1 1.E5 give back to Freud his own compc 'nice, his own rapacity to receive and thus to read the Hebrew arS.Scription. I le wants above All tO maku Intl] C0111ns it. Because FUCtid„ Arid this is thy (IcClared aim

'Eer ushal in i's 4.1cintinstration, ILIUM

ILLVC khoWn„ from a yoUnE, ;Tr,

how to I { - .Ii I file dedication. I le might, in t tias.reiiirricc, to have con •

Ici.sed belonging. thus mak ing his f T•hrew culture puld 5,0 ilkOre

Or

doing

clearly than he did. Yertishalmi recalled all Freud's denials

c)r, this subject, -concerning his own family or ltitnselI (al] emancipated AbriVii.ro.? he clailtietl, all VI rairiiins! and -.Alio retained of Jewish

Like Frciid"s father, the scholar seeks it call

Sigmund She-14m m/, 11;104 01 the COliCILARE by ectablishing, that is to sav, b• restoring. au- covenant, The. scholar repeats, in a way, the sl us e fat the father. He recall s or he repeats the ciret1InCiSiO11,

the f]1 her Call only dcill....1C01.1r5e3 .11) Yfiguri'• the nvoliicrit 111.% 11 After the first, a second ((nip tie Iiitc4jrrr. it 54;1101a .1 Vcal L .1111111, 1A' 1111 Eh` illiCarliteStalik 017 r t►drc

it . II it

One and

an apparently iniirC addresses or rather 'nett-rids to address Professor Freud, in truth Freud's ghost, directly.

'Mt in

flame, would dare to speak to the phantom. A scholar who would

.

phantom, that is, who is in a position 110 l'PC correct, to be proven correct —ancl to have the last word. "F),, ir an d most JSi gL,Ly esteerne.4.1 Professor .Fneticr: so beg An intensely filial and respectful letter, indeed, hut all the more bitter, cutting, MerCileSS in the rciortiadi,une 'would say Miff-

letter.

atroiis in the (11.3 0 . 16101g, if th.c other were nisi dead, and thus inft

cutely inaccessible in his all-powerful vulnerability. These thirty-odd pages are not only to be classed as fiction, which would already br. ;i break with the language that has dominated up Lo (ins point in Ihc book., that is, the dise/mrse of Si.holars hip, the discourie of a historian, of a philologict, of an the history

CA. Kill on

of Judaism, of a biblical scholar, as they nay, cl ng to

speak in all objectivity while basing himself on ancient or new arcl-nycs—and the wealth of these novelties has to do With

the fact that certain of these cl4N.:11111CIUS,

yis ihi r or Li Liccu411)1.e, scern or

1-111parttc.ul:l r

111)1.ii IL(JW

pri ,eatc, tiLy•4: been

El CV,'

hardly

I y inter-

preted, ncwiy translated, newly illiuninated from historical

Or

Iyll ilcFlrtiic:aLviewpoints.

No, this fie:tirin has another originality, which sets the fictionality of the 'Monologue as if or a4n1c: the apostrophe is Addressed to a dead persou, to the.. historialt's ribrcCt b.t collar' spectral subject, the -

vutual.

1..1f a

CH -I11.4:1 ]tae

rChilii:C

sort

of Ora [CRC!. A ill-1 1.11CA .

elfcct. In LIB very Jyc(i1i11, t his apostrophe cm idles 1 he cor-

Iii:s written works i pilbl iC ant I privair writings., clinical, I. [icor criCal, or 21.1t 01110g Ca

ithict1, in5titurional Or no, psycho:Lir:46e and

pus it claims to treat but which it enlarges and of which, in fact, it

cal, scientific or

is hencerorttli a part. At the end ol

(II LT

2 t ight

discusAion with the phan.

TOD Eit I

ir-didaktri,," t he signatory 01 LILL: book and

of the lettel ends by ititcrrogniing the specter Wr will (writ

Or

novelistic"—heetnise slerushalini's entire book

a hoQk by Freud that Ile himself wanted to present as

/)er hint; Aft.w.c..r„ raaJ

tont. according to the intersected rult.'..5 4)i ilsychoanaiysis dikd of (lie Talmud, 'in the spirit of

-

hit

11 a

forisc hcr RurrrUtt, While it n

new ColiCcpt ui trutla, d14 is, kinder the

31;1111C of

514 U iC al truth: .

a 1ruLIl that stliolArS hip, histo•iography, ;Ind perlliips philosophy

FT Ckld

this, Fri t- the innineni, ii•e say the "book - and

have

SOFTYC ciilficulty

chinking through). Freud is thus no longer

ihe "letter" because if the Ictt cr is apparently a part of the book, if

treated as a witness in the third person (rerstis); he finds himself

the "Monologue with Freud" resembles a. l.or chapter of the book,

card (U wrirriol; as a second person. A gesture_ incompatible in prin-

L:131 also

note two other SURICRill al. $ingulaiiricS aboLII its rela-

ciple with the 110111.15 of Cla.55K.:31

ier ar fie di5fol..115,c, in particular

tionship to Clic book WhiCh, itt leas( w_coi ding (U the cdikuriat Con-

will'. those of history or of

verilion of it% bibliographic a.n.-hivization, contains it within itself.

C;1311r IN MAC 011' 10

In Ills ides( place, this fictitious "Monologue

is heterogeneous to

logic.:11 1c1 ter All of a sudden proposes to this second person, ...dm jS

the book. in its status, in its proret, in its Corm; it is thus by pure

at first addressed as "you" arid not he, to speak in len/150f "'We,"

juridical fiction that such a fiction IS, in dreet.. bc_PUJILI ill the Sallie

And as he recognizes thin this. other does not have a true right vi

sign(',( by the "

Wit - 01611i

"

Sa.1111C author,

-

under cighl

and ilia it i

(nonlictionak ntillLC i Elo•tik: nor ril-PbTAIMIC FIEFF

I Lt Cf;lr',') in the bihliographic catalogue whost classical categorws ATV

fOk

at

The beginning of the work_ In the second place, this

postscript of sorts retrospc] ift ;quo si

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-4 MANIA

E:==illilaZZIAIICa T., L

tionall reverie, it is as if the archaeolngist had succeeded in plating the archivist out of work. And Ow tranSlalor loo s of collisc. Yet 111E -.4 - %gone% ;ire Jill:hives, Afrd evequilic kflriws. aidlives do nut 9)cak.

C'h'en anSvivring 111:ichi lie's. OrIlly the'

Lins%ver. And

what is more, in Freud's 5ecriario, these arrhives .urn rlltt to Iii biliu g ua L Elio/ are cht: ❑ 1 5 0.1:1 1eCS alrtady translations u themselves,

ilicY '!'11c; 31, a dcad language and at living WIC, (4Cek u id Gerrnan for exanaph., .4 bit like limoId in his encounter with Uradivn, or at least as dead-and-Forgotten Willa) WI

11 1perrnik them in rtl

(p. 9_”. So these.

5 t 4.MCS,

ILIC:111 language

alkci lieSS Li cad 011c

to he de( i1 ir

;MCI ralLNiarC4i "

"

archives yielding "undreamed-of

(kin aboin the events of the rcinotc past." can hardly hr taken for pure firthj: ..11 discoveries iri c :)-1:.11-cxplajtat.ory, it I..; rPrily insofar as thew' rilready a Ciki: 11 DUNA 5 inn i Li

"

".

Archival toil, And not al all hecause the events they r CL'Ori I (mild without archivization. It is certainly not Wit hotit sigriific.mier

existent arc hivable content in a SimiTIC manner_ Conversely, insofar as it is archivable, an event is always arc)wing: an event is an arCliiVilig act (n en if dint: way nut be a "proper . ' arCllikic and even if thy art:hi...Lc or an cccul, as its iiilcrinctalton, 4.11.WayS [entail!. Olycn. Anil ihis is where the clues-tion of archival 14.-chtinlogy is su signifi E:;1. IA, for it "contlition5 the igl7pYr rtii0.17, 1)C1:131e the division betIp'Vetu printed and printer' (p. it). What i5 the printcd here? Ts it the attliive. or printed content, 'Lc. what is arChpvc& Arid is die puller the e'lictit that I V.VieTS its Iflipriark, that is archived, or the L Strticture 111)4kt prints"? hefof chand we do cwt know. Thcrc is the f414)1 ;HMI there is the :mil, But as Gradiva's sole, or Harold's lor that inatIVI, Of so many others', tOtichcs the ground, the lout, the Icg, the a,, arid the earth below serve together as a .1 InOillentary printing i.lress that will leave C sort of archjYt: cycll as it disappears forever, And this is the trurth of the

that they should beIiti hr id, dead/living, ugly. That stones. which

thy true event of the event, neither material nor event 01 c)I, I r historical: "before. the division: as thc and dcad inav

unglil to lac dead, N114,11.1.1d talk, whirls only the liYirig ought to do..

mingic their steps, and we'll never know for .sure who's who or

nor that this event should

what's what_

ircr (wined in a pal Ocular

w:w herr, where the "Sionr 3 whir in italics,. with -

exclamation

point, and above all in Latin. the dead language living in Ficiid"s own Ivh-brid text. f = ear

it-'etre.r can be written down lo an instant, it is the

the instanianeou5 event a5 overdcterinination, In other ‘vorils. cxreedtlig List iI 1.11ICOIVI al net] caking fur its archivizAtion hccause Already containing the sccds

a its

umill;.1 Al Eve.,

Divided in. ;1 nd of itself. Calling but not neec's5,-1filv ;insWering for its archive. Because one can scarcely' believe that when called upon Witilcs3 iv its singularitv or its originality, to the rigiikal singularity that it an event any more than a living being

;IS Ll

Li

ter

evrr responds in in airsohlti - iy living and infinitely welkadjusted

ritannCi, vcithoUr the leaSi A 17 t 4-5 1 .11.1r1Siin

having an 4ir(Jima I technique overflow the singularity of an i-vent „" (p. i

CYCC

\Vithout :wine answering r»achirie effect, Norric spectrality in the respi)I1Sc and

ti"111h. 41.1.1.;likil k thr

hVing. VI. h i(h

LS

to say that the. rm-

pPr.c.Oem, ilic unique nwiliictit of archivi7.-Ation, "produces as it rcCrirds tilt: event" . IT. 1 7), While nonetheless 'King the' (until(1.1H1 01 its potential ircpC.Tition; it illev•T neutrally consigns a pre .

Right U.11 the ask, Dcrricla says, even if it inake5 no senSe. And; JP?i".19JC_

s Cited

Wor

Virralter_ r.`fixer den Bc.,,grVfdr-r GeschicAre trileses oft brae Pkidrosophy N./ I I rs,re),Iyi. Ccianamcile .15cArrpen. Vol [_ Ed, 14.0[ Tiniciemnii.

Full am ;11. -bill: Siihr Limp!, OM_ Fittleric,

and Iosei f J lriut YL7/1.15h FYI i.

!Via•

Park:

1 4i9). Cmnilie. -S4 1.11P,I1 Arcitriqti

aisri file r 4 1.4.1s/ogre'

temporarne. IPawisr Albin 2 1c1iiclicl, 1994. f)(.-r rida Ja(quc.s.. /Yuri 7

apek.,.ziypAreffte

th.f,9pA; rifigg4.21,:e cpg

- &Aft" de tor: 1.4- 71;)arienwerr ruyftigro•

pin iarophie ,

I itX3,

I 'iris.; (

(1;111P.r ,

iraufor iter."

1994, Pohn,1.140-ear leimaie,

r LS: C ;:111iMC,

Pk; ugel: I X-vint 1.i 11-11.". . I -a Pe-ult..' dr jitlel. P.111%; Nil,' Li it I '0'35. •Ypre'rer.%

Ptizgy K.arnufl Ncw Yrirk: Routledg•,

Afarx.

1994. 'Elam., of Stethr, — - •

Alw X. 1 2 1. iS: Cali[ - c, 1994_ A i jj , 111".rifinge_rmi Thifercoper.

1978. Trans.

i IL agu I

I

Lori. rfre rt irte deffiArtner. ] 'iris: Scull, 1%7.

Freud', Sigmund. The ii.:(impiere 1_este7J of Stgnurnd Freud BY 1.3 1rihrirn 1C1 0.11 .

Elorvard

11,1MS. III I 4:11

,Icif.14.y

Mel V•11,11. .:1.11111f

idge, MA:

1985.

Tfic .tangichti l rfatrurj cif the :r0furiele Piyehological Works vf.SIR In and Fic;(41..h In5. faincs Sii.i41icy.1,01111011; IIogairrii. 1'153 74. ISO 1.1511;1111111, Yr 1 4;{• 1.'n rtar.:; Alrore r: 1rivirrign crud 'Ergo thli -

-

-

-

Ncv. Havc.n; Yale 4.1P. 19 441. I i}rtury clod Pretti) Alernoiy. .198, 2_ New Y'ork: Zha(he)) 1 89. 11. Sc heir k