King Henry VI, Part I (Webster's Thesaurus Edition)

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KING HENRY VI, PART I Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

King Henry VI, Part I Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com King Henry VI, Part I: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-25344-5

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Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1 PERSONS REPRESENTED ................................................................................................ 3 ACT I ................................................................................................................................ 5 ACT II ............................................................................................................................. 33 ACT III ............................................................................................................................ 57 ACT IV ............................................................................................................................ 81 ACT V ........................................................................................................................... 107 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 135

William Shakespeare

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PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of King Henry VI, Part I by William Shakespeare was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

1 PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

William Shakespeare

PERSONS

3

%REPRESENTED

KING HENRY the Sixth DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, uncle to the King, and Protector DUKE OF BEDFORD, uncle to the King, and Regent of France THOMAS BEAUFORT, Duke of Exeter, great-uncle to the King HENRY BEAUFORT, great-uncle to the King, Bishop of Winchester, and afterwards Cardinal JOHN BEAUFORT, Earl, afterwards Duke, of Somerset RICHARD PLANTAGENET, son of Richard, late Earl of Cambridge, afterwards Duke of York EARL OF WARWICK EARL OF SALISBURY EARL OF SUFFOLK LORD TALBOT, afterwards Earl of Shrewbury JOHN TALBOT, his son EDMUND MORTIMER, Earl of March SIR JOHN FASTOLFE SIR WILLIAM LUCY SIR WILLIAM GLANSDALE SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE Mayor of London WOODVILLE, Lieutenant of the Tower VERNON, of the White-Rose or York faction BASSET, of the Red-Rose or Lancaster faction A LAWYER, MORTIMER'S KEEPERS CHARLES, Dauphin, and afterwards King, of France REIGNIER, Duke of Anjou, and titular King of Naples DUKE OF BURGUNDY DUKE OF ALENCON

Thesaurus afterwards: (adv) afterward, deceased, dead, slow, delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly. subsequently, later, thereafter, later on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early, following, subsequent; (n) punctual; (adv) punctually, promptly; (adj) ahead, existing, alive, initial, termination. faction: (n) crew, cabal, group, band, middle, old, premature. set, party, division, junto, dissension, titular: (adj) nominal, titulary, clan; (n, v) feud. ANTONYMS: (n) honorary, nominative, supposed, in whole, agreement, entirety, peace, name only, ostensible, formal, socalled, insignificantly small; (v) unity. late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh, cognominal. behindhand, backward; (adj) former, uncle: (n) father's younger brother,

elder uncle, father's older brother, father's sister's husband, husband of paternal aunt, maternal uncle, niece, benefactor, EME, helper, kinsman.

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King Henry VI, Part I

BASTARD %OF ORLEANS GOVERNOR OF PARIS MASTER-GUNNER OF ORLEANS and his SON GENERAL of the French forces in Bordeaux A FRENCH SERGEANT A PORTER AN OLD SHEPHERD, father to Joan la Pucelle MARGARET, daughter to Reignier, afterwards married to King Henry COUNTESS OF AUVERGNE JOAN LA PUCELLE, Commonly called Joan of Arc LORDS, WARDERS OF THE TOWER, HERALDS, OFFICERS, SOLDIERS, MESSENGERS, and ATTENDANTS FIENDS appearing to La Pucelle

Thesaurus afterwards: (adv) afterward, subsequently, later, thereafter, later on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) following, subsequent; (n) termination. appearing: (adj) seeming, beseen, emergent, accomplished; (n) coming into court; (prep) liking; (adj, adv) prima facie. called: (adj) named, titled, chosen, known as; (v) nempt, ycleped. daughter: (n) child, son, maiden,

young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin. father: (n) dad, begetter, creator, abba, patriarch, beginner, founder, padre; (n, v) sire; (v) engender, generate. ANTONYMS: (n) disciple, follower. forces: (n) troop, army, troops, rank and file, services, war, Armed Services, enmity. married: (adj) wedded, conjugal, matrimonial, connubial, nuptial,

united, mixed, connected, marrying, attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached, divorced, public.

William Shakespeare

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ACT I

SCENE I WESTMINSTER ABBEY. Dead March. Enter the funeral of KING HENRY THE FIFTH, attended on by the DUKE OF BEDFORD, REGENT OF FRANCE; the DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, PROTECTOR; THE DUKE OF EXETER, the EARL OF WARWICK, the BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, HERALDS, etc.% BEDFORD. Hung be the heavens with black, yield day to night! Comets, importing change of times and states, Brandish your crystal tresses in the sky, And with them scourge the bad revolting stars That have consented unto Henry's death! King Henry the Fifth, too famous to live long! England ne'er lost a king of so much worth. GLOUCESTER. England ne'er had a king until his time. Virtue he had, deserving to command: His brandish'd sword did blind men with his beams: His arms spread wider than a dragon's wings;

Thesaurus deserving: (adj) meritorious, sphere, space, skies, area, vault of admirable, creditable, commendable, heaven. importing: (n) importation, laudable, fit, good, deserved, condign; (v) deserve, worthy of. mercantilism, commercialism, ANTONYMS: (adj) unworthy, commerce. ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not. undeserving, unimpressive. funeral: (n) entombment, interment, revolting: (adj) offensive, loathsome, sepulture, funeral rite, wake, pyre, nasty, foul, detestable, nauseating, observance, funeral sermon, funeral nauseous, horrible, hideous, pile; (adj) sepulchral; (v) bury. repellent; (adj, v) sickening. heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial pleasant, tasty, delicious, edible,

lovable, delightful, appealing, lovely. scourge: (n) curse, blight, affliction, plague, bane, calamity; (v) lash, flagellate, castigate, punish; (n, v) whip. sword: (n) blade, sabre, brand, broadsword, falchion, cutlass, saber, steel, glaive, backsword, cutlas. tresses: (n) locks, mop, head of hair. unto: (prep, v) to, till, up to; (prep) towards, before.

6

King Henry VI, Part I

His sparkling eyes, replete with wrathful fire, More dazzled and drove back his enemies Than mid-day sun fierce bent against their faces. What should I say? his deeds exceed all speech: He ne'er lift up his hand but conquered.% EXETER. We mourn in black: why mourn we not in blood? Henry is dead and never shall revive: Upon a wooden coffin we attend, And death's dishonourable victory We with our stately presence glorify, Like captives bound to a triumphant car. What! shall we curse the planets of mishap That plotted thus our glory's overthrow? Or shall we think the subtle-witted French Conjurers and sorcerers, that afraid of him By magic verses have contriv'd his end? WINCHESTER. He was a king bless'd of the King of kings; Unto the French the dreadful judgment-day So dreadful will not be as was his sight. The battles of the Lord of hosts he fought: The Church's prayers made him so prosperous. GLOUCESTER. The church! where is it? Had not churchmen pray'd, His thread of life had not so soon decay'd: None do you like but an effeminate prince, Whom, like a school-boy, you may over-awe. WINCHESTER. Gloucester, whate'er we like, thou art Protector, And lookest to command the Prince and realm.

Thesaurus dazzled: (adj) confused, dazzle, bewildered, blind, blinder, fascinated, unsighted. dishonourable: (adj) base, disgraceful, shabby, dishonest, sordid, discreditable, ignoble, shameful, crooked, opprobrious, black. effeminate: (adj) womanish, delicate, epicene, sissy, emasculate, tender, ladylike, cissy, easy, voluptuous; (adj, v) feminate. ANTONYMS: (adj) macho, manly, masculine.

hosts: (n) armies, Sabaoth. mourn: (v) bewail, grieve, deplore, cry, bemoan, regret, distress, sad, wail, mourning, weep. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, applaud. plotted: (adj) planned, aforethought, arranged, studied. replete: (adj) fraught, profuse, excessive, inordinate, exuberant, overmuch, satisfied; (v) fill, take, satiate, cloy. ANTONYM: (adj) hungry.

shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave. sparkling: (adj, v) effervescent; (adj) bright, brilliant, radiant, glittery, bubbly, glittering, scintillating, shining, scintillant; (n) sparkle. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, dirty, lifeless, lethargic. wrathful: (adj) furious, irate, wroth, ireful, indignant, incensed, mad, raging, resentful, infuriated, choleric. ANTONYM: (adj) pleased.

William Shakespeare

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Thy wife is proud; she holdeth thee in awe, More than God or religious churchmen may.% GLOUCESTER. Name not religion, for thou lov'st the flesh, And ne'er throughout the year to church thou go'st, Except it be to pray against thy foes. BEDFORD. Cease, cease these jars and rest your minds in peace: Let's to the altar: heralds, wait on us: Instead of gold, we'll offer up our arms; Since arms avail not, now that Henry's dead. Posterity, await for wretched years, When at their mothers' moist eyes babes shall suck, Our isle be made a marish of salt tears, And none but women left to wail the dead. Henry the Fifth, thy ghost I invocate: Prosper this realm, keep it from civil broils, Combat with adverse planets in the heavens! A far more glorious star thy soul will make Than Julius Caesar or bright-[Enter a MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. My honourable lords, health to you all! Sad tidings bring I to you out of France, Of loss, of slaughter, and discomfiture: Guienne, Champagne, Rheims, Orleans, Paris, Guysors, Poictiers, are all quite lost. BEDFORD. What say'st thou, man, before dead Henry's corse? Speak softly; or the loss of those great towns Will make him burst his lead and rise from death.

Thesaurus avail: (n, v) advantage, assist, aid, marish: (n) marsh, morass, swamp, profit, benefit, help; (adj, n) service; sump, wash, swampland, moss, (n) good, assistance, utility; (v) do. quagmire; (adj) fenny. ANTONYMS: (v) useless, hurt, moist: (adj) damp, wet, muggy, hinder, harm; (n) inappropriateness. clammy, dank, damps, dampish, await: (v) anticipate, abide, bide, tarry, soggy, soppy, wettish, moisture. ANTONYMS: (adj) dry, limp, fresh. wait, attend, look, hope, approach, loom, come on. ANTONYM: (v) slaughter: (n, v) murder, butcher, defeat; (n) carnage, butchery, doubt. babes: (n) babies, babe. bloodshed, drubbing, homicide; (v) eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby kill, assassinate, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) preservation, victory; (v) lose, blues, guard, propensity, eyen.

revive. thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage. tidings: (n) intelligence, information, message, report, word, advice, communication, dispute, wind, statement, tiding. wail: (n, v) howl, cry, lament, moan, scream, bellow, whine; (v) ululate, weep, whimper, mewl. ANTONYMS: (v) whimper, laugh.

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King Henry VI, Part I

GLOUCESTER. Is Paris lost? Is Rouen yielded up If Henry were recall'd to life again, These news would cause him once more yield the ghost.% EXETER. How were they lost? What treachery was us'd? MESSENGER. No treachery; but want of men and money. Amongst the soldiers this is muttered, That here you maintain several factions, And whilst a field should be dispatch'd and fought, You are disputing of your generals: One would have lingering wars with little cost; Another would fly swift, but wanteth wings; A third thinks, without expense at all, By guileful fair words peace may be obtain'd. Awake, awake, English nobility! Let not sloth dim your honours new-begot: Cropp'd are the flower-de-luces in your arms; Of England's coat one half is cut away. EXETER. Were our tears wanting to this funeral, These tidings would call forth their flowing tides. BEDFORD. Me they concern; Regent I am of France. Give me my steeled coat. I'll fight for France. Away with these disgraceful wailing robes! Wounds will I lend the French instead of eyes, To weep their intermissive miseries. [Enter to them another MESSENGER.]

Thesaurus disgraceful: (adj) dishonorable, scandalous, shocking, degrading, disreputable, infamous, base, ignominious, outrageous, black, ignoble. ANTONYMS: (adj) admirable, honorable, reputable, exalted, commendable, respectable, noble, glorious. disputing: (adj) opposed; (v) disputant. guileful: (adj) cunning, artful, foxy, deceitful, wily, sly, dodgy, tricky,

steeled: (adj) hardened. insidious, fraudulent, tricksy. ANTONYM: (adj) open. treachery: (n) betrayal, disloyalty, lingering: (adj) long, chronic, infidelity, duplicity, treason, perfidy, extended, dilatory, protracted, falseness, faithlessness, prolonged, residual, lengthy, perfidiousness, guile, dishonesty. inactive, dull; (n) delay. ANTONYM: ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, (adj) quick. faithfulness, fidelity, reliability, sloth: (n) laziness, idleness, indolence, allegiance, goodness. wailing: (n, v) lamentation, lament, lethargy, lazy, acedia, inactivity, moaning; (adj) lamenting, weeping, inaction, inertia, listlessness, slothfulness. ANTONYMS: (n) crying, wailful, howling, sobbing; (adj, n) bawling; (n) cry. energy, liveliness.

William Shakespeare

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MESSENGER. Lords, view these letters full of bad mischance. France is revolted from the English quite, Except some petty towns of no import: The Dauphin Charles is crowned king in Rheims; The Bastard of Orleans with him is join'd; Reignier, Duke of Anjou, doth take his part; The Duke of Alencon flieth to his side.% EXETER. The Dauphin crowned king! all fly to him! O, whither shall we fly from this reproach? GLOUCESTER. We will not fly, but to our enemies' throats. Bedford, if thou be slack, I'll fight it out. BEDFORD. Gloucester, why doubt'st thou of my forwardness? An army have I muster'd in my thoughts, Wherewith already France is overrun. [Enter another MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. My gracious lords, to add to your laments, Wherewith you now bedew King Henry's hearse, I must inform you of a dismal fight Betwixt the stout Lord Talbot and the French. WINCHESTER. What! wherein Talbot overcame? is't so? MESSENGER. O, no; wherein Lord Talbot was o'erthrown: The circumstance I'll tell you more at large. The tenth of August last this dreadful lord,

Thesaurus bedew: (v) dew, dampen, wet, irrigate, irrorate, damp, sponge. crowned: (adj) laureled, fulfilled, browbound, incoronate, successful. dismal: (adj) cheerless, dejected, dreary, gloomy, desolate, disconsolate, depressing, melancholy, black, dim, dull. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, happy, lively, uplifting, sunny, pleasant, light, cheery, strong, soulful, wonderful. overrun: (n, v) overflow; (v) invade,

flood, occupy, infest, deluge, horrified, disgusted, appalled. slack: (adj, v) loose, lax, remiss, slow, inundate, overwhelm, devastate, brim over; (n) excess. ANTONYMS: dull; (adj) indolent, negligent, idle, (adj) clear, tidy; (v) make. flaccid, limp, baggy. ANTONYMS: reproach: (n, v) blame, rebuke, charge, (adj) strict, taut, thorough, brisk, abuse, disgrace, reprimand, diligent, attentive, upright, prompt, invective; (v) accuse, chide, condemn; meticulous; (v) tighten; (n) tautness. (n) condemnation. ANTONYMS: (n, wherein: (adv) in what, in which, v) praise; (v) commend, approve; (n) where. whither: (adv) hither, thither, compliment, commendation, approval. whereunto, whereto, for. revolted: (adj) sickened, sick, shocked,

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King Henry VI, Part I

Retiring %from the siege of Orleans, Having full scarce six thousand in his troop, By three and twenty thousand of the French Was round encompassed and set upon. No leisure had he to enrank his men; He wanted pikes to set before his archers; Instead whereof sharp stakes pluck'd out of hedges They pitched in the ground confusedly, To keep the horsemen off from breaking in. More than three hours the fight continued; Where valiant Talbot above human thought Enacted wonders with his sword and lance: Hundreds he sent to hell, and none durst stand him; Here, there, and every where, enrag'd he slew: The French exclaim'd, the devil was in arms; All the whole army stood agaz'd on him. His soldiers spying his undaunted spirit A Talbot! a Talbot! cried out amain, And rush'd into the bowels of the battle. Here had the conquest fully been seal'd up, If Sir John Fastolfe had not play'd the coward. He, being in the vaward, plac'd behind With purpose to relieve and follow them, Cowardly fled, not having struck one stroke. Hence grew the general wreck and massacre; Enclosed were they with their enemies: A base Walloon, to win the Dauphin's grace, Thrust Talbot with a spear into the back; Whom all France with their chief assembled strength Durst not presume to look once in the face. BEDFORD. Is Talbot slain? then I will slay myself,

Thesaurus bowels: (n) gut, compassion, pity, inside, bowel, viscera, innards, belly, guts, insides, intestines. encompassed: (adj) bounded. pikes: (n) muskellunges, pickerels, family Esocidae. scarce: (adj) rare, insufficient, deficient, infrequent, uncommon, scant, scanty, few, sparse; (adv) just, barely. ANTONYMS: (adj) plentiful, common, adequate, strong, usual, extensive.

slain: (v) slay; (adj) overthrown, mat, sensing, contracting, intelligence. undaunted: (adj, n) bold; (adj) fearless, fallen, dejected, cast down. slay: (n, v) murder, assassinate; (v) brave, intrepid, resolute, dauntless, dispatch, execute, slaughter, destroy, daring, heroic, unabashed, valiant, confident. ANTONYMS: (adj) massacre, put to death, remove, finish, butcher. cowardly, timid, afraid, anxious, spear: (n) harpoon, lance, pike, fizgig, scared. prick, gig, javelin, shaft, halberd; (v) valiant: (adj) brave, courageous, stab, spike. intrepid, fearless, heroic, audacious, spying: (n) detection, spotting, espial, gallant, daring, dauntless, stout, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, catching, discovery, maculation, intelligence activity, signal detection, despicable.

William Shakespeare

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For living idly here in pomp and ease, Whilst such a worthy leader, wanting aid, Unto his dastard foemen is betray'd.% MESSENGER. O no, he lives; but is took prisoner, And Lord Scales with him, and Lord Hungerford: Most of the rest slaughter'd or took likewise. BEDFORD. His ransom there is none but I shall pay: I'll hale the Dauphin headlong from his throne: His crown shall be the ransom of my friend; Four of their lords I'll change for one of ours. Farewell, my masters; to my task will I; Bonfires in France forthwith I am to make To keep our great Saint George's feast withal: Ten thousand soldiers with me I will take, Whose bloody deeds shall make an Europe quake. MESSENGER. So you had need; for Orleans is besieg'd; The English army is grown weak and faint: The Earl of Salisbury craveth supply, And hardly keeps his men from mutiny, Since they, so few, watch such a multitude. EXETER. Remember, lords, your oaths to Henry sworn, Either to quell the Dauphin utterly, Or bring him in obedience to your yoke. BEDFORD. I do remember it, and here take my leave To go about my preparation. [Exit.]

Thesaurus dastard: (adj, n) poltroon; (n) sneak, headlong: (adj, adv) headfirst; (adv) tremble, shudder, shake; (adj, n, v) directly, hastily, precipitately; (adj) shiver; (v) quail, flutter, flicker, craven, chicken, devil, scoundrel, niding; (adj) dastardly, cowardly. rash, hurried, desperate, precipitous, vibrate, fluctuate. forthwith: (adv) directly, immediately, impetuous, sudden, precipitate. quell: (adj, v) appease, pacify, calm; (v) ANTONYMS: (adj) cautiously, at once, now, instantly, straight, overpower, crush, allay, put down, considered; (adv) carefully. presently, straightaway, suppress, conquer, defeat, quash. incontinently; (adj, adv) quickly; (adj) pomp: (n) grandeur, parade, ANTONYMS: (v) prompt, submit, immediate. ostentation, show, ceremony, glory, resist, aggravate, incite. hale: (adj) healthy, whole, sturdy, yoke: (adj, n, v) couple, link; (n, v) pair, luxury, pageantry, magnificence, strong, sane, rugged, robust; (v) drag; state, splendor. ANTONYMS: (n) tie; (adj, n) brace; (v) connect, join, (adj, n) well, hearty, sound. bind, attach; (n) coupling, team. understatement, modesty. ANTONYM: (adj) unwell. quake: (n) earthquake; (n, v) tremor, ANTONYMS: (v) disconnect, disjoin.

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King Henry VI, Part I

GLOUCESTER. I'll to the Tower with all the haste I can, To view the artillery and munition; And then I will proclaim young Henry king. [Exit.] EXETER. To Eltham will I, where the young King is, Being ordain'd his special governor; And for his safety there I'll best devise. [Exit.] WINCHESTER. Each hath his place and function to attend: I am left out; for me nothing remains. But long I will not be Jack out of office: The King from Eltham I intend to steal, And sit at chiefest stern of public weal.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE II. FRANCE. BEFORE ORLEANS [Sound a Flourish. Enter Charles, Alencon, and Reignier, marching with Drum and Soldiers.] CHARLES. Mars his true moving, even as in the heavens So in the earth, to this day is not known: Late did he shine upon the English side; Now we are victors; upon us he smiles. What towns of any moment but we have? At pleasure here we lie near Orleans;

Thesaurus artillery: (n) battery, gun, cannon, ANTONYM: (v) improvise. annunciate. shine: (n, v) light, sheen, flash, glitter, field-artillery, cannonry, persuasion, pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment, sparkle, polish, rub; (v) burnish, voltigeur, dragoon, uhlan, mounted delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, gleam, blaze; (n) radiance. rifles, light horse. haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. stern: (adj) rigid, rigorous, austere, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, hard, strict, grim, solemn, rough; (adj, v) harsh; (n) back; (adj, n) rear. rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, boredom, ache, displeasure, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, patience, forethought, caution. worry, anguish. approving, lenient, funny, genial, intend: (v) destine, design, mean, aim, proclaim: (v) declare, assert, advertise, gentle, kindly, lax, liberal, cheerful, determine, denote, contemplate, broadcast, promulgate, enunciate, flexible. plan, purpose, consider, believe. herald, decree, divulge, notify,

William Shakespeare

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Otherwhiles the famish'd English, like pale ghosts, Faintly besiege us one hour in a month.% ALENCON. They want their porridge and their fat bull beeves Either they must be dieted like mules, And have their provender tied to their mouths, Or piteous they will look, like drowned mice. REIGNIER. Let's raise the siege: why live we idly here? Talbot is taken, whom we wont to fear: Remaineth none but mad-brain'd Salisbury; And he may well in fretting spend his gall, Nor men nor money hath he to make war. CHARLES. Sound, sound alarum! we will rush on them. Now for the honour of the forlorn French! Him I forgive my death that killeth me When he sees me go back one foot or flee. [Exeunt.] [Here alarum; they are beaten back by the English, with great loss. Re-enter CHARLES, ALENCON, and REIGNIER.] CHARLES. Who ever saw the like? what men have I! Dogs! cowards! dastards! I would ne'er have fled, But that they left me 'midst my enemies. REIGNIER. Salisbury is a desperate homicide; He fighteth as one weary of his life. The other lords, like lions wanting food, Do rush upon us as their hungry prey.

Thesaurus alarum: (n) alarm, alert, bell, alarm (n) burgoo, pap, plash, loblolly, cheerless, wretched, abject. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, hopeful, bell, alarm-bell, alerts, beat of drum, podge. provender: (n) provisions, food, cry, sound of trumpet, signaling, fine. fretting: (adj) irritable, dissatisfied, signal of distress. nourishment, pasturage, victuals, besiege: (v) beset, beleaguer, peevish; (n) festering, friction, viands, sustenance, commissariat, cud, eatage; (n, v) nurture. surround, blockade, attack, compass, exulceration. piteous: (adj) miserable, pitiful, re-enter: (v) return, come back. hem in, press, importune, assail, bombard. ANTONYMS: (v) help, pathetic, doleful, lamentable, abject, wont: (adj, n) use, custom, usage; (n) please. compassionate, unfortunate, poor, practice, tradition, cleanliness, forlorn: (adj) hopeless, desolate, paltry, pitiable. assuetude, assuefaction, convention, porridge: (v) oatmeal, hasty pudding, rut; (v) practise. despairing, unhappy, miserable, deserted, disconsolate, downcast, mince pie, oyster, pineapple, mango;

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King Henry VI, Part I

ALENCON. Froissart, a countryman of ours, records, England all Olivers and Rowlands bred During the time Edward the Third did reign. More truly now may this be verified; For none but Samsons and Goliases It sendeth forth to skirmish. One to ten! Lean raw-bon'd rascals! who would e'er suppose They had such courage and audacity? CHARLES. Let's leave this town; for they are hare-brain'd slaves, And hunger will enforce them to be more eager: Of old I know them; rather with their teeth The walls they'll tear down than forsake the siege.% REIGNIER. I think by some odd gimmors or device Their arms are set like clocks, still to strike on; Else ne'er could they hold out so as they do. By my consent, we'll even let them alone. ALENCON. Be it so. [Enter the BASTARD OF ORLEANS.] BASTARD. Where's the Prince Dauphin? I have news for him. CHARLES. Bastard of Orleans, thrice welcome to us. BASTARD. Methinks your looks are sad, your cheer appall'd: Hath the late overthrow wrought this offence? Be not dismay'd, for succour is at hand:

Thesaurus audacity: (n) nerve, audaciousness, rustic, native, churl, compatriot, effrontery, arrogance, temerity, carle, fellow countryman, clown, hick, swain. ANTONYMS: (n) cheek, impertinence, insolence, courage; (n, v) impudence; (adj, n) foreigner, outlander. presumption. ANTONYMS: (n) e'er: (adv) ever, forever. forsake: (v) abandon, ditch, relinquish, cowardice, propriety, decorum, circumspection, courtesy, fear, abdicate, fail, leave, forgo, chuck, disclaim; (n, v) drop; (adj, v) quit. respect, spinelessness, reticence. clocks: (n) alfilaria, alfileria, storksbill, ANTONYM: (v) support. skirmish: (n, v) fight, combat, battle, pin clover, redstem storksbill, pin conflict, scuffle; (n) encounter, brush, grass, filaria, filaree. countryman: (n) peasant, villager, engagement, struggle, confrontation,

dispute. succour: (n, v) succor; (n) consolation, relief, ministration, mercy, assistance, helping, ease, embossment; (v) relieve, further. tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; (adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle. thrice: (adv) three times, thirdly. wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, worked up, formed.

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A holy maid hither with me I bring, Which by a vision sent to her from heaven Ordained is to raise this tedious siege, And drive the English forth the bounds of France. The spirit of deep prophecy she hath, Exceeding the nine sibyls of old Rome: What's past and what's to come she can descry. Speak, shall I call her in? Believe my words, For they are certain and unfallible.% CHARLES. Go, call her in. [Exit BASTARD.] But first, to try her skill, Reignier, stand thou as Dauphin in my place; Question her proudly; let thy looks be stern: By this means shall we sound what skill she hath. [Re-enter the BASTARD OF ORLEANS, with JOAN LA PUCELLE.] REIGNIER. Fair maid, is 't thou wilt do these wondrous feats? PUCELLE. Reignier is 't thou that thinkest to beguile me? Where is the Dauphin? Come, come from behind; I know thee well, though never seen before. Be not amazed, there's nothing hid from me. In private will I talk with thee apart. Stand back, you lords, and give us leave awhile. REIGNIER. She takes upon her bravely at first dash. PUCELLE. Dauphin, I am by birth a shepherd's daughter, My wit untrain'd in any kind of art.

Thesaurus awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; valiantly, boldly, intrepidly, vaticination, prevision, prediction, (adv) briefly. dauntlessly, gallantly, audaciously, prognosis, omen, revelation, beguile: (v) attract, charm, enchant, undauntedly, heroically, doughtily. foreboding. ANTONYMS: (adv) timidly, fearfully, wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, allure, captivate, bluff, entrap, enthrall, lure, fascinate; (n, v) cheat. execrably, nervously. fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, ANTONYMS: (v) protect, irritate, irk, hither: (adv) here, whither, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) bore, advise, guard, annoy, repel. hitherward, thither. flourish, rise, rally. bounds: (n) boundary, border, limit, maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, wondrous: (adj) marvelous, bound, margin, borderline, end, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, miraculous, marvellous, astonishing, bourn, Bourne, brink, edge. maiden, housemaid, handmaid. tremendous, fantastic, phenomenal, ANTONYMS: (n) center, middle. prophecy: (n) oracle, augury, extraordinary, rattling; (adv) bravely: (adv) courageously, fearlessly, prognostication, forecast, wonderfully, marvellously.

16

King Henry VI, Part I

Heaven and our Lady gracious hath it pleased To shine on my contemptible estate: Lo, whilst I waited on my tender lambs And to sun's parching heat display'd my cheeks, God's mother deigned to appear to me, And in a vision full of majesty Will'd me to leave my base vocation, And free my country from calamity: Her aid she promised and assured success: In complete glory she reveal'd herself; And, whereas I was black and swart before, With those clear rays which she infused on me That beauty am I bless'd with which you may see. Ask me what question thou canst possible, And I will answer unpremeditated: My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st, And thou shalt find that I exceed my sex. Resolve on this, thou shalt be fortunate, If thou receive me for thy warlike mate.% CHARLES. Thou hast astonish'd me with thy high terms; Only this proof I 'll of thy valour make, In single combat thou shalt buckle with me, And if thou vanquishest, thy words are true; Otherwise I renounce all confidence. PUCELLE. I am prepared: here is my keen-edg'd sword, Deck'd with five flower-de-luces on each side, The which at Touraine, in Saint Katharine's church-yard, Out of a great deal of old iron I chose forth.

Thesaurus buckle: (n, v) clasp, warp; (v) curve, crumple, distort, fasten; (adj, n) button; (n) screw, hook, fastener; (adj) strap. ANTONYMS: (v) unbuckle, flatten, smooth, straighten. contemptible: (adj) abject, mean, base, pitiful, little, worthless, unworthy, miserable, ignoble, abominable, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) estimable, admired, deserving, worthy, honorable, respectable, respectful, noble, generous,

commendable, good. brunette. infused: (adj) mixed. valour: (n) valor, valiancy, valiance, parching: (adj) torrid, hot, parched. heroism, courage, bravery, renounce: (v) abandon, abdicate, valorousness, prowess, daring, pluck, abjure, relinquish, desert, reject, give spirit. warlike: (adj) military, belligerent, up, disown, deny, quit, forgo. ANTONYMS: (v) acknowledge, bellicose, pugnacious, combative, reassert, assert, continue, retain, aggressive, armigerous, hostile, persist. unfriendly, unpacific, militant. swart: (adj) pitchy, swarthy, dark, ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonizing, fuliginous, black, murky, sooty, friendly. malignant, inky, gloomy; (n)

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CHARLES. Then come, o' God's name; I fear no woman.% PUCELLE. And while I live, I 'll ne'er fly from a man. Here they fight, and Joan La Pucelle overcomes. CHARLES. Stay, stay thy hands; thou art an Amazon, And fightest with the sword of Deborah. PUCELLE. Christ's Mother helps me, else I were too weak. CHARLES. Whoe'er helps thee, 'tis thou that must help me: Impatiently I burn with thy desire; My heart and hands thou hast at once subdued. Excellent Pucelle, if thy name be so, Let me thy servant and not sovereign be: 'Tis the French Dauphin sueth to thee thus. PUCELLE. I must not yield to any rites of love, For my profession's sacred from above: When I have chased all thy foes from hence, Then will I think upon a recompense. CHARLES. Meantime look gracious on thy prostrate thrall. REIGNIER. My lord, methinks, is very long in talk. ALENCON. Doubtless he shrives this woman to her smock; Else ne'er could he so long protract his speech.

Thesaurus gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor. methinks: (adv) meseems. prostrate: (adj, v) prone, exhaust, level, fatigue; (v) fell, overwhelm, overcome, floor, overthrow; (adj)

deject, knock down. ANTONYM: (adj) upright. protract: (v) extend, draw out, delay, lengthen, defer, procrastinate, continue, postpone, elongate, keep up; (adj) produce. ANTONYMS: (v) curtail, shorten, quit. recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse.

ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive; (n) penalty. rites: (n) money, finances, wake, religion. sovereign: (n) ruler, king, lord, emperor; (adj) independent, autonomous, imperial, royal, free, regal; (adj, n) prince. ANTONYMS: (adj) dependent, ineffective, useless. thrall: (n) bondage, slavery, thraldom, helot, serf, enslavement, thralldom, villein, captivity, slave; (v) enslave.

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King Henry VI, Part I

REIGNIER. Shall we disturb him, since he keeps no mean? ALENCON. He may mean more than we poor men do know: These women are shrewd tempters with their tongues.% REIGNIER. My lord, where are you? what devise you on? Shall we give over Orleans, or no? PUCELLE. Why, no, I say; distrustful recreants! Fight till the last gasp; I will be your guard. CHARLES. What she says I'll confirm: we'll fight it out: PUCELLE. Assign'd am I to be the English scourge. This night the siege assuredly I 'll raise: Expect Saint Martin's summer, halcyon days, Since I have entered into these wars. Glory is like a circle in the water, Which never ceaseth to enlarge itself Till by broad spreading it disperse to nought. With Henry's death the English circle ends; Dispersed are the glories it included. Now am I like that proud insulting ship Which Caesar and his fortune bare at once. CHARLES. Was Mahomet inspired with a dove? Thou with an eagle art inspired then. Helen, the mother of great Constantine, Nor yet Saint Philip's daughters, were like thee.

Thesaurus assuredly: (adv) certainly, confidently, diffident, distrust, jealous, leery, shy, positively, securely, indeed, apprehensive, skeptical, scrupulous, disbelieving. ANTONYMS: (adj) definitely, undoubtedly, admittedly, safely, insuredly, decidedly. trusting, trustful, aggressive, assured, disperse: (v) dispel, spread, circulate, believing, faithful, unwary, certain, break up, disband, scatter, dissipate, optimistic. diffuse, dispense, disseminate, break. enlarge: (v) expand, aggrandize, ANTONYMS: (v) gather, collect, augment, dilate, distend, widen, converge, centralize, capture, increase, elaborate, extend, blow up, grow. ANTONYMS: (v) reduce, congregate, garner, concentrate, swarm, crowd, aggravate. shrink, contract, decrease, compress, distrustful: (adj) suspicious, doubtful, condense, diminish, lessen,

minimize, narrow, abridge. halcyon: (adj) calm, peaceful, untroubled, tranquil, happy, quiet, auspicious, prosperous, golden; (v) pacific; (n) alcyon. insulting: (adj) contemptuous, insolent, injurious, offensive, scurrilous, defamatory, opprobrious, rude, disgraceful, disdainful, impolite. ANTONYMS: (adj) courteous, conciliatory, polite, generous, cordial.

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Bright star of Venus, fall'n down on the earth, How may I reverently worship thee enough? ALENCON. Leave off delays, and let us raise the siege.% REIGNIER. Woman, do what thou canst to save our honors; Drive them from Orleans and be immortalized. CHARLES. Presently we 'll try: come, let's away about it: No prophet will I trust, if she prove false. [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. LONDON. BEFORE THE TOWER. [Enter the DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, with his SERVING-MEN in blue coats.] GLOUCESTER. I am come to survey the Tower this day: Since Henry's death, I fear, there is conveyance. Where be these warders that they wait not here? Open the gates; 'tis Gloucester that calls. FIRST WARDER. [Within] Who's there that knocks so imperiously? FIRST SERVING-MAN. It is the noble Duke of Gloucester. SECOND WARDER. [Within] Whoe'er he be, you may not be let in.

Thesaurus calls: (n) securities, puts, bonds, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: preferred stock, common stock. gates: (n) bill Gates. (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, imperiously: (adv) overbearingly, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, arrogantly, commandingly, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady. magisterially, dictatorially, masterfully, haughtily, imperatively, prophet: (n) augur, oracle, vaticinator, authoritatively, domineeringly, seer, predictor, diviner, forecaster, insolently. ANTONYMS: (adv) visionary, foreteller, priest, meekly, feebly. clairvoyant. noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, reverently: (adv) reverentially, piously, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, religiously, devoutly, deferentially,

worshipfully, solemnly, godly, courteously, politely, obsequiously. ANTONYM: (adv) irreverently. worship: (n) adoration, veneration, adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) reverence, respect, honor, revere, adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, dishonor, despise, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, disparagement, contempt, detestation.

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King Henry VI, Part I

FIRST SERVING-MAN. Villains, answer you so the lord protector? FIRST WARDER. [Within] The Lord protect him! so we answer him: We do no otherwise than we are will'd.% GLOUCESTER. Who willed you? or whose will stands but mine? There's none protector of the realm but I. Break up the gates, I 'll be your warrantize: Shall I be flouted thus by dunghill grooms? [GLOUCESTER'S men rush at the Tower Gates, and WOODVILLE the Lieutenant speaks within.] WOODVILLE. What noise is this? what traitors have we here? GLOUCESTER. Lieutenant, is it you whose voice I hear? Open the gates; here's Gloucester that would enter. WOODVILLE. Have patience, noble duke; I may not open; The Cardinal of Winchester forbids: From him I have express commandment That thou nor none of thine shall be let in. GLOUCESTER. Faint-hearted Woodville, prizest him 'fore me? Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate Whom Henry, our late sovereign, ne'er could brook? Thou art no friend to God or to the King. Open the gates, or I 'll shut thee out shortly.

Thesaurus dunghill: (adj) base, craven, jakes, resignation, restraint, composure, sink, recreant, privy; (n) sufferance; (n, v) moderation, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) unsanitariness, laystall, mixen, muckheap, muckhill. impatience, eagerness, intolerance, haughty: (adj) supercilious, arrogant, annoyance. protector: (n) guard, guardian, patron, assuming, contemptuous, proud, lordly, cavalier, vain, contumelious, champion, custodian, conservator, grand; (n) boastful. ANTONYMS: escort, hero, paladin, supporter, (adj) modest, meek, subservient, benefactor. unassuming, considerate, deferential. realm: (n) area, domain, field, country, patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, region, nation, department, arena, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, land, empire, ground.

rush: (n, v) charge, flood, dash, flow, gush, race, run, speed, attack; (adj, n, v) burst; (n) onrush. ANTONYMS: (v) delay, dawdle, linger, wander, amble, hesitate, crawl, trickle; (n) shortage, slowness, unimportance. speaks: (n) talks. stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack. willed: (adj) voluntary, hereditary.

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SERVING-MEN. Open the gates unto the lord protector, Or we 'll burst them open, if that you come not quickly.% [Enter to the PROTECTOR at the Tower Gates WINCHESTER and his Men in tawny coats.] WINCHESTER. How now, ambitious Humphry! what means this? GLOUCESTER. Peel'd priest, dost thou command me to be shut out? WINCHESTER. I do, thou most usurping proditor, And not protector, of the king or realm. GLOUCESTER. Stand back, thou manifest conspirator, Thou that contrivedst to murder our dead lord; Thou that givest whores indulgences to sin: I 'll canvass thee in thy broad cardinal's hat, If thou proceed in this thy insolence. WINCHESTER. Nay, stand thou back; I will not budge a foot: This be Damascus, be thou cursed Cain, To slay thy brother Abel, if thou wilt. GLOUCESTER. I will not slay thee, but I 'll drive thee back: Thy scarlet robes as a child's bearing-cloth I 'll use to carry thee out of this place. WINCHESTER. Do what thou darest; I beard thee to thy face. GLOUCESTER. What! am I dared and bearded to my face?

Thesaurus beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; ANTONYMS: (v) remain, stay. (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers, moustache, canvass: (n, v) campaign, discuss; (n) sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, review; (v) beg, examine, scrutinize, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) view, agitate, inspect, survey, study. ANTONYM: (v) neglect. shaven. bearded: (adj) barbate, awny, cursed: (adj) damned, doomed, whiskered, hairy, aristate, coniform, execrable, cussed, wretched, unlucky, calamiform, gladiate, pilous, accursed, blamed, blasted, confounded; (v) accurst. shagged, echinate. budge: (adj, v) move, go; (v) stir, ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, agitate, change, sway, dislodge, honorable, nice, sweet, kine. bump, rouse, push; (adj) flit. insolence: (n) impertinence,

arrogance, audacity, impudence, effrontery, cheek, assumption, gall, disrespect, haughtiness, crust. ANTONYMS: (n) respect, politeness, meekness, shyness. robes: (n) garb, fine clothes, costume, best clothes. tawny: (n) tan, buff; (adj, n) brown, auburn; (adj) luteous, golden, sallow, russet, chestnut, creamy, moderately black. usurping: (adj) encroaching.

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King Henry VI, Part I

Draw, men, for all this privileged place; Blue coats to tawny coats. Priest, beware your beard; I mean to tug it and to cuff you soundly: Under my feet I stamp thy cardinal's hat: In spite of pope or dignities of church, Here by the cheeks I 'll drag thee up and down.% WINCHESTER. Gloucester, thou wilt answer this before the pope. GLOUCESTER. Winchester goose, I cry, a rope! a rope! Now beat them hence; why do you let them stay? Thee I 'll chase hence, thou wolf in sheep's array. Out, tawny coats! out, scarlet hypocrite! Here Gloucester's men beat out the Cardinal's men, and enter in the hurlyburly the Mayor of London and his Officers. MAYOR. Fie, lords! that you, being supreme magistrates, Thus contumeliously should break the peace! GLOUCESTER. Peace, mayor! thou know'st little of my wrongs: Here's Beaufort, that regards nor God nor king, Hath here distrain'd the Tower to his use. WINCHESTER. Here's Gloucester, a foe to citizens, One that still motions war and never peace, O'ercharging your free purses with large fines, That seeks to overthrow religion, Because he is protector of the realm, And would have armour here out of the Tower, To crown himself king and suppress the prince.

Thesaurus beware: (v) look out, caution, be careful, guard, pay attention, take care, watch out, mind, keep, care, careful. ANTONYMS: (v) risk, disregard, invite. contumeliously: (adv) superciliously, cavalierly, haughtily, disdainfully, scornfully, abusively, overbearingly, bumptiously, reproachfully, offensively, overweeningly. cuff: (n, v) hit, knock, clout, punch, slap, whack, manacle, handcuff; (v)

fall, downfall, destruction; (n, v) box, buffet, beat. goose: (n) goof, fathead, cuckoo, overpower, ruin, overturn; (adj, v) overcome; (v) bring down, demolish. barnacle, fool, jackass, brent, brant, goosecap; (n, v) spur; (v) serpent. ANTONYMS: (v) install, validate, hurly-burly: (n) hubbub, tumult, lose, appoint; (n) victory, beginning. spite: (n) malice, grudge, hatred, uproar, to-do, commotion, haste, bustle, clamor, hassle, storm. malevolence, rancour, venom, rancor, hypocrite: (n) impostor, pretender, maliciousness, ill will, animosity; (n, trickster, fraud, deceiver, fake, cheat, v) pique. ANTONYMS: (v) please; (n) charmer, bigot, whited sepulcher, benevolence, goodwill, love, smoothie. affection, harmony. overthrow: (adj, n, v) defeat, rout; (n)

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GLOUCESTER. I will not answer thee with words, but blows. Here they skirmish again.% MAYOR. Nought rests for me in this tumultuous strife But to make open proclamation: Come, officer; as loud as e'er thou canst: Cry. OFFICER. All manner of men assembled here in arms this day against God's peace and the king's, we charge and command you, in his highness' name, to repair to your several dwelling-places; and not to wear, handle, or use any sword, weapon, or dagger, henceforward, upon pain of death. GLOUCESTER. Cardinal, I 'll be no breaker of the law; But we shall meet, and break our minds at large. WINCHESTER. Gloucester, we will meet; to thy cost, be sure; Thy heart-blood I will have for this day's work. MAYOR. I 'll call for clubs, if you will not away. This Cardinal's more haughty than the devil. GLOUCESTER. Mayor, farewell: thou dost but what thou mayst. WINCHESTER. Abominable Gloucester, guard thy head; For I intend to have it ere long. [Exeunt, severally, GLOUCESTER and WINCHESTER with their SERVINGMEN.]

Thesaurus assembled: (adj) amassed, collected, collective, concentrated, united, gather, assembling, gathered, massed, built, aggregate. breaker: (n) chopper, billow, surf, surge, trainer, circuit breaker, wave, ait, atoll, crusher, switch. clubs: (n) spades. dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade, obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, grapheme, saber, skean. farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave,

valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, salutation, welcome. henceforward: (adv) in future, from now on, from this time on, from this moment on, after this. highness: (n) excellency, altitude, loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur. severally: (adv) separately,

respectively, singly, variously, sundrily, independently, particularly, several, distinctly, apart; (adj, adv) one by one. tumultuous: (adj, n) boisterous, tempestuous; (adj) disorderly, riotous, turbulent, noisy, furious, loud, troubled, disturbed; (adj, v) tumultuary. ANTONYMS: (adj) peaceful, calm.

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King Henry VI, Part I

MAYOR. See the coast clear'd, and then we will depart. Good God, these nobles should such stomachs bear! I myself fight not once in forty year.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. ORLEANS. [Enter, on the walls, a MASTER GUNNER and his BOY.] MASTER GUNNER. Sirrah, thou know'st how Orleans is besieged, And how the English have the suburbs won. BOY. Father, I know; and oft have shot at them, Howe'er unfortunate I miss'd my aim. MASTER GUNNER. But now thou shalt not. Be thou ruled by me: Chief master-gunner am I of this town; Something I must do to procure me grace. The prince's espials have informed me How the English, in the suburbs close intrench'd, Wont through a secret grate of iron bars In yonder tower to overpeer the city, And thence discover how with most advantage They may vex us with shot or with assault. To intercept this inconvenience, A piece of ordnance 'gainst it I have placed; And even these three days have I watch'd, If I could see them.

Thesaurus grate: (v) grind, creak, scrape, abrade, procure: (v) get, obtain, buy, earn, win, gall, gnash, fret, rub, aggravate, gain, have, purchase, induce, derive, provoke; (n) lattice. find. ANTONYM: (v) give. intercept: (v) block, break, check, suburbs: (adj, n) environs; (n) waylay, cease, grab, cut off, stop, outskirts, periphery, outer reaches, prevent, anticipate; (n) interception. outer edge, fringes, entourage, nobles: (n) landed gentry, upper class. borderland; (adj) purlieus, alentours, ordnance: (n) artillery, cannon, neighborhood. thence: (adv) therefore, thus, armament, munitions, arsenal, weapons, heavy weapon, catapult, therefrom, thereof, consequently, bricole, munition, ordinance. then, so, thereafter, thenceforth, orleans: (n) siege of Orleans. since, on account of.

unfortunate: (adj) inauspicious, sad, hapless, bad, inopportune, disastrous, adverse, deplorable, infelicitous, untoward, lamentable. ANTONYMS: (adj) lucky, auspicious, good, opportune, joyous, timely, appropriate, successful, easy, privileged. yonder: (adv) beyond, further, farther, abroad, thither, further away, at that place; (adj) distant, yond, furious, fierce.

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Now do thou watch, for I can stay no longer. If thou spy'st any, run and bring me word; And thou shalt find me at the governor's. [Exit.] BOY. Father, I warrant you; take you no care; I'll never trouble you, if I may spy them. [Exit.] [Enter, on the turrets, the LORDS SALISBURY and TALBOT, SIR WILLIAM GLANSDALE, SIR THOMAS GARGRAVE, and others.] SALISBURY. Talbot, my life, my joy, again return'd! How wert thou handled being prisoner? Or by what means got'st thou to be releas'd? Discourse, I prithee, on this turret's top.% TALBOT. The Duke of Bedford had a prisoner Call'd the brave Lord Ponton de Santrailles; For him was I exchanged and ransomed. But with a baser man of arms by far Once in contempt they would have barter'd me: Which I disdaining scorn'd, and craved death Rather than I would be so vile-esteem'd. In fine, redeem'd I was as I desired. But, O! the treacherous Fastolfe wounds my heart, Whom with my bare fists I would execute, If I now had him brought into my power. SALISBURY. Yet tell'st thou not how thou wert entertain'd.

Thesaurus bare: (adj) naked, austere, bald, stark, bleak, exposed, desolate, plain; (adj, v) empty, vacant; (v) show. ANTONYMS: (adj) cultivated, ornate, concealed, elaborate, adorned, decorated, dressed, clothed, embellished; (v) cover, conceal. brave: (adj, n) bold, hardy; (adj) audacious, fearless, courageous, virile, intrepid, valiant; (adj, v) endure; (v) defy, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) cowardly, frightened, pathetic,

gutless, afraid, cautious, fainthearted, treacherous: (adj) unfaithful, deceitful, meek, mousy, nervous; (v) skip. false, perfidious, dangerous, disloyal, contempt: (n, v) scorn; (v) despise; (n) unreliable, unsafe, Punic, fraudulent, faithless. ANTONYMS: (adj) faithful, disrespect, derision, mockery, disregard, ridicule, shame, slight, loyal, honest, safe, true, genuine, reproach, discourtesy. ANTONYMS: forthright, stable, harmless, (n) approval, admiration, regard, dependable, open. warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, honor, esteem. craved: (adj) coveted. assure, sanction, empower; (n) exchanged: (adj) counterchanged, authority, authorization, security; (v) justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) bartered, substituted. prithee: (v) pray; (int) prythee. break; (v) debar.

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King Henry VI, Part I

TALBOT. With scoffs and scorns and contumelious taunts. In open market-place produced they me, To be a public spectacle to all: Here, said they, is the terror of the French, The scarecrow that affrights our children so. Then broke I from the officers that led me, And with my nails digg'd stones out of the ground To hurl at the beholders of my shame; My grisly countenance made others fly; None durst come near for fear of sudden death. In iron walls they deem'd me not secure; So great fear of my name 'mongst them was spread That they supposed I could rend bars of steel, And spurn in pieces posts of adamant: Wherefore a guard of chosen shot I had, That walk'd about me every minute while; And if I did but stir out of my bed, Ready they were to shoot me to the heart.% [Enter the BOY with a linstock.] SALISBURY. I grieve to hear what torments you endured, But we will be revenged sufficiently. Now it is supper-time in Orleans: Here, through this grate, I count each one, And view the Frenchmen how they fortify: Let us look in; the sight will much delight thee. Sir Thomas Gargrave and Sir William Glansdale, Let me have your express opinions Where is best place to make our battery next.

Thesaurus battery: (n) troop, cell, barrage, army, ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, suite, company, artillery, assault and encourage. grisly: (adj) grim, gruesome, battery, barrage fire, primary cell, squad. forbidding, frightful, macabre, contumelious: (adj) insolent, cavalier, fearful, formidable, eerie, terrific, opprobrious, bumptious, redoubtable, horrendous. reproachful, sarcastic, contemptuous, ANTONYM: (adj) pleasant. hurl: (v) chuck, dash, pitch, throw, assuming, arrogant, snooty, dart, pelt, toss, heave, send; (n, v) intolerant. grieve: (n, v) distress, aggrieve, afflict, fling; (n) casting. ANTONYM: (v) sorrow, annoy; (v) trouble, lament, hold. rend: (v) pull, lacerate, break, divide, deplore, bemoan, fret, bewail.

rive, tear, disrupt, mangle; (n, v) rip, split, slash. scarecrow: (n) hobgoblin, bugaboo, simulacrum, malkin, frump, ogre, jackstraw, shewel, goblin, ragamuffin; (adj) octopus. scoffs: (n) derision, jeering, mocking. spurn: (v) scorn, rebuff, repulse, disdain, reject, refuse, snub, kick, decline, deny; (n, v) slight. ANTONYMS: (v) admire, court, respect.

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GARGRAVE. I think, at the north gate; for there stand lords.% GLANSDALE. And I, here, at the bulwark of the bridge. TALBOT. For aught I see, this city must be famish'd, Or with light skirmishes enfeebled. [Here they shoot. SALISBURY and GARGRAVE fall.] SALISBURY. O Lord, have mercy on us, wretched sinners! GARGRAVE. O Lord, have mercy on me, woful man! TALBOT. What chance is this that suddenly hath cross'd us? Speak, Salisbury: at least, if thou canst speak: How farest thou, mirror of all martial men? One of thy eyes and thy cheek's side struck off! Accursed tower! accursed fatal hand That hath contrived this woful tragedy! In thirteen battles Salisbury o'ercame; Henry the Fifth he first train'd to the wars; Whilst any trump did sound, or drum struck up, His sword did ne'er leave striking in the field. Yet liv'st thou, Salisbury? though thy speech doth fail, One eye thou hast, to look to heaven for grace: The sun with one eye vieweth all the world. Heaven, be thou gracious to none alive, If Salisbury wants mercy at thy hands! Bear hence his body; I will help to bury it, Sir Thomas Gargrave, hast thou any life?

Thesaurus accursed: (adj) execrable, abominable, contrived: (adj) affected, unnatural, detestable, accurst, hateful, damned, false, forced, labored, spurious, damnable, maledict, blasted; (v) feigned, unreal, strained, built, artificially formal. ANTONYM: (adj) atrocious, stranded. aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, sincere. cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; enfeebled: (adj) infirm, enervated, (adj) any. feeble, decrepit, crippled, old, bulwark: (n, v) shield, safeguard, adynamic; (adj, v) sickly, vacillating; guard; (n) rampart, wall, barrier, (v) weak, accessible. martial: (adj) military, warlike, breakwater, bastion, defense, battlement, buffer. ANTONYM: (n) soldierly, bellicose, belligerent, weakness. combative, brave, soldierlike,

armigerous, militant, heroic. ANTONYMS: (adj) civilian, peaceful, unarmed. salisbury: (n) Fort Salisbury , capital of Zimbabwe, Harare. thirteen: (n) long dozen, large integer. trump: (n) trump card, brick; (adj) truepenny, quell, silence, stalemate, checkmate, nonplus; (v) outmaneuver, crossruff, scoop. woful: (adj) sorrowful, lugubrious, woeful, mournful, doleful, pitiable.

28

King Henry VI, Part I

Speak unto Talbot; nay, look up to him. Salisbury, cheer thy spirit with this comfort, Thou shalt not die whiles-He beckons with his hand and smiles on me, As who should say 'When I am dead and gone, Remember to avenge me on the French.' Plantagenet, I will; and like thee, Nero, Play on the lute, beholding the towns burn; Wretched shall France be only in thy name. [Here an alarum, and it thunders and lightens. ] What stir is this? what tumult's in the heavens? Whence cometh this alarum and the noise? [Enter a MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. My lord, my lord, the French have gather'd head: The Dauphin, with one Joan la Pucelle join'd, A holy prophetess new risen up, Is come with a great power to raise the siege.% [Here SALISBURY lifteth himself up and groans.] TALBOT. Hear, hear how dying Salisbury doth groan! It irks his heart he cannot be revenged. Frenchmen, I 'll be a Salisbury to you: Pucelle or puzzel, dolphin or dogfish, Your hearts I 'll stamp out with my horse's heels, And make a quagmire of your mingled brains. Convey me Salisbury into his tent, And then we 'll try what these dastard Frenchmen dare. [Alarum. Exeunt.]

Thesaurus avenge: (v) revenge, punish, retaliate, wreak, vindicate, repay, get even, penalize, requite, vengeance, venge. ANTONYMS: (v) excuse, overlook, tolerate, pardon. beholding: (n) fusion, seeing, visual perception, look. cheer: (v) animate, applaud, amuse, hearten, inspire, lighten; (n, v) comfort, delight, cry; (adj, v) embolden; (n) consolation. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, boo,

uncheerfulness, hiss, pessimism, raspberry; (v) depress, discourage, dissuade, complain, jeer. dolphin: (n) porpoise, blackfish, beluga, mooring dolphin, common blackfish, killer, orca, pile mooring, grampus, mahimahi, common dolphin. hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades. lute: (n) harp, glue, solder, luting, gum, mortar, plaster, stucco, paste, size, wafer.

mingled: (adj) miscellaneous, complex, indiscriminate, heterogeneous, medley, confused, eclectic, motley, different; (v) blended, blent. prophetess: (n) seeress, pythoness, clairvoyant, prophet, oracle, Druidess. quagmire: (n) bog, marsh, morass, swamp, fen, quag, marish, moss, marshland; (adj) mud, slough. ANTONYM: (n) desert. risen: (v) uprise.

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SCENE V. THE SAME.% [Here an alarum again: and TALBOT pursueth the DAUPHIN, and driveth him: then enter JOAN LA PUCELLE, driving Englishmen before her, and exit after them: then re-enter TALBOT.] TALBOT. Where is my strength, my valor, and my force? Our English troops retire, I cannot stay them: A woman clad in armour chaseth them. [Re-enter LA PUCELLE.] Here, here she comes. I 'll have a bout with thee; Devil or devil's dam, I 'll conjure thee: Blood will I draw on thee, thou art a witch, And straightway give thy soul to him thou servest. PUCELLE. Come, come, 'tis only I that must disgrace thee. [Here they fight.] TALBOT. Heavens, can you suffer hell so to prevail? My breast I 'll burst with straining of my courage, And from my shoulders crack my arms asunder, But I will chastise this high-minded strumpet. [They fight again.] PUCELLE. Talbot, farewell; thy hour is not yet come: I must go victual Orleans forthwith. [A short alarum: then enter the town with SOLDIERS.] O'ertake me, if thou canst; I scorn thy strength. Go, go, cheer up thy hungry-starved men;

Thesaurus bout: (n, v) round; (n) attack, spell, attire. ANTONYMS: (adj) undressed, turn, competition, fight, battle, unclothed. conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, fighting, effort, game, fit. chastise: (v) castigate, chasten, correct, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure reprimand, punish, criticize, beat, up, evoke, implore, bring up. scold, chew out, flog; (n, v) scourge. high-minded: (adj) great, noble, ANTONYMS: (v) comfort, bless, generous, lofty, magnanimous, commend, promote, reward, elevated, exalted, upright, chivalrous, encourage. magnificent, honest. clad: (adj) dressed, attired, clothed, straightway: (adv) presently, coated, garbed; (n) cladding; (prep) forthwith, directly, right, anon, gowned; (v) costume, shod, dress, immediately, at once, straightforth,

promptly; (adj) straight, immediate. strumpet: (n) courtesan, punk, harlot, hussy, slut, adulteress, wench, whore, loose woman, advoutress, fornicatress. valor: (n) bravery, courage, heroism, valiancy, daring, spirit, pluck, audacity, boldness; (adj, n) gallantry, prowess. victual: (v) provision, feed, supply, cater, furnish, purvey; (n) pabulum, edible, sustenance, victuals, eatable.

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King Henry VI, Part I

Help %Salisbury to make his testament: This day is ours, as many more shall be. [Exit.] TALBOT. My thoughts are whirled like a potter's wheel; I know not where I am, nor what I do; A witch, by fear, not force, like Hannibal, Drives back our troops and conquers as she lists. So bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives and houses driven away. They call'd us for our fierceness English dogs; Now, like to whelps, we crying run away. [A short alarum.] Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear the lions out of England's coat; Renounce your soil, give sheep in lions' stead: Sheep run not half so treacherous from the wolf, Or horse or oxen from the leopard, As you fly from your oft-subdued slaves. [Alarum. Here another skirmish.] It will not be: retire into your trenches: You all consented unto Salisbury's death, For none would strike a stroke in his revenge. Pucelle is ent'red into Orleans, In spite of us or aught that we could do. O, would I were to die with Salisbury! The shame hereof will make me hide my head. [Exit TALBOT. Alarum; retreat; flourish.]

SCENE VI. THE SAME.

Thesaurus bees: (n) Apoidea, superfamily lions: (n) dogs, order Carnivora, renew: (v) renovate, rejuvenate, Apoidea. leopards, jackals, bears, Felidae, restore, refresh, refurbish, modernize, doves: (n) Columbiformes, order family Felidae, cheetahs, cats, revive, overhaul, reinstate, reiterate, mend. ANTONYMS: (v) reduce, kill. Columbiformes. Carnivora. fierceness: (n) ferocity, violence, noisome: (adj) injurious, bad, fetid, retire: (v) resign, retreat, withdraw, cruelty, force, brutality, rage, mischievous, repugnant, foul, leave, abdicate, ebb, depart, turn in, intensity, strength, vehemence, noxious, repulsive, detrimental, fall back, hit the hay, go to bed. wildness, ferociousness. poisonous, deleterious. ANTONYM: ANTONYMS: (v) remain, enter. ANTONYMS: (n) friendliness, (adj) moral. witch: (n) hag, pythoness, sorceress, oxen: (n) bull, ox, cows, cow, cattle, enchantress, magician, lamia; (v) calmness, meekness. hives: (n) urticaria, rash, efflorescence, Bos Taurus, bullock, kine, milker, charm, bewitch, glamour, hex, jinx. eruption, urtication, skin complaint. beef, dairy cow.

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[Enter, on the walls, LA PUCELLE, CHARLES, REIGNIER, ALENCON, and SOLDIERS.] PUCELLE. Advance our waving colours on the walls; Rescued is Orleans from the English: Thus Joan la Pucelle hath perform'd her word.% CHARLES. Divinest creature, Astraea's daughter, How shall I honour thee for this success? Thy promises are like Adonis' gardens That one day bloom'd and fruitful were the next. France, triumph in thy glorious prophetess! Recover'd is the town of Orleans. More blessed hap did ne'er befall our state. REIGNIER. Why ring not out the bells aloud throughout the town? Dauphin, command the citizens make bonfires And feast and banquet in the open streets, To celebrate the joy that God hath given us. ALENCON. All France will be replete with mirth and joy, When they shall hear how we have play'd the men. CHARLES. 'Tis Joan, not we, by whom the day is won; For which I will divide my crown with her; And all the priests and friars in my realm Shall in procession sing her endless praise. A statelier pyramis to her I 'll rear Than Rhodope's of Memphis ever was;

Thesaurus banquet: (v) junket, revel, regale; (n) party, celebration, carousal, treat, entertainment, spread, dinner, reception. ANTONYM: (n) snack. befall: (v) bechance, become, happen, fall, arise, come about, occur, betide, chance, transpire, pass. blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved,

unhappy, unholy, secular. fruitless, destructive. feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, amusement, happiness, delight, joy, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: starve; (n) snack. (n) gloom, sadness, misery. fruitful: (adj) fertile, copious, procession: (n) march, convoy, profitable, abundant, plentiful, rich, cortege, cavalcade, file, string, fecund, good, fat, productive, pageant, series, sequence, progress, lucrative. ANTONYMS: (adj) column. unproductive, barren, infertile, unfruitful, unprofitable, sterile,

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King Henry VI, Part I

In memory of her when she is dead, Her ashes, in an urn more precious Than the rich-jewel'd coffer of Darius, Transported shall be at high festivals Before the kings and queens of France. No longer on Saint Denis will we cry, But Joan la Pucelle shall be France's saint. Come in, and let us banquet royally After this golden day of victory.% [Flourish. Exeunt.]

Thesaurus ashes: (n) dust, cinders, remains, cinder, clay, earth, embers, clinker; (adj) scoriae, mother, precipitate. banquet: (v) junket, revel, regale; (n) party, celebration, carousal, treat, entertainment, spread, dinner, reception. ANTONYM: (n) snack. coffer: (n) box, chest, case, caisson, casket, trunk, safe, strongbox, treasury, crate, coffers. golden: (adj) aureate, fortunate, gilded, auspicious, gold, gilt, lucky,

memory: (n) memento, reminiscence, advantageous, fair, favorable, favored. ANTONYM: (adj) remembrance, recollection, recall, inauspicious. commemoration, anamnesis, storage, high: (adj, v) elevated; (adj) great, retrospect; (adj, n) posthumous fame; (v) mind. expensive, distinguished, lofty, tall, exalted, heavy, dear; (n) chief; (v) shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bad. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) low; (adj) bequeath, leave. when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) deep, short, sober, reasonable, sad, resonant, lowly, husky, unimportant; then, because, than, since, after; (conj) (n) depression. although, while, if; (prep) during. longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster.

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ACT II

SCENE I. BEFORE ORLEANS.% [Enter a SERGEANT of a band, with two SENTINELS.] SERGEANT. Sirs, take your places and be vigilant: If any noise or soldier you perceive Near to the walls, by some apparent sign Let us have knowledge at the court of guard. FIRST SENTINEL. Sergeant, you shall. [Exit SERGEANT.] Thus are poor servitors, When others sleep upon their quiet beds, Constrain'd to watch in darkness, rain and cold. [Enter TALBOT, BEDFORD, BURGUNDY, and FORCES, with scalingladders, their drums beating a dead march.] TALBOT. Lord Regent, and redoubted Burgundy,

Thesaurus beating: (n) reverse, defeat, whipping, thrashing, battery, flogging, pounding, pulsation, pulse, rout; (adj) pulsing. ANTONYMS: (n) victory, win. darkness: (n) dark, shade, shadow, blindness, gloom, blackness, duskiness, murk, cloud, blackout, dimness. ANTONYMS: (n) brightness, lightness, glow, comprehension, knowledge, day, clearness.

drums: (n) drumming. redoubted: (adj) bold, stalworth, guard: (n) defense, protection, escort, brave, eminent, noted, renowned, bulwark, watchman, custody, fender; reputable, respectable, daring. (n, v) care, shield, cover; (adj, n, v) soldier: (n) warrior, fighter, ward. ANTONYMS: (v) endanger, serviceman, champion, ranker, expose, neglect, reveal; (n) attacker. military personnel, swordsman, noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, janissary. walls: (n) brickwork, buttresses, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, defenses, masonry, ramparts, quietness, sense. fortifications. places: (n) chairs, seating, spaces.

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By whose approach the regions of Artois, Wallon and Picardy are friends to us, This happy night the Frenchmen are secure, Having all day caroused and banqueted: Embrace we then this opportunity, As fitting best to quittance their deceit Contriv'd by art and baleful sorcery.% BEDFORD. Coward of France, how much he wrongs his fame, Despairing of his own arm's fortitude, To join with witches and the help of hell! BURGUNDY. Traitors have never other company. But what 's that Pucelle whom they term so pure? TALBOT. A maid, they say. BEDFORD. A maid! and be so martial! BURGUNDY. Pray God she prove not masculine ere long, If underneath the standard of the French She carry armour as she hath begun. TALBOT. Well, let them practice and converse with spirits: God is our fortress, in whose conquering name Let us resolve to scale their flinty bulwarks. BEDFORD. Ascend, brave Talbot; we will follow thee. TALBOT. Not all together: better far, I guess,

Thesaurus baleful: (adj) baneful, destructive, converse: (n, v) chat, discourse, argue; (v) confer, confabulate, speak; (n) sinister, harmful, pernicious, conversation, colloquy, contrast; (adj, threatening, fatal, hurtful, inauspicious, maleficent, malevolent. n) opposite; (adj) counter. ANTONYMS: (adj) benign, ANTONYMS: (adj, n) equal; (adj) similar, complementary; (n) innocuous, harmless, favorable. bulwarks: (n) breakwater, barrier. similarity. conquering: (adj) triumphant, flinty: (adj) rocky, unyielding, grim, winning, overcoming, glorious, unfeeling, stern, stony, severe, hard, proud, successful; (n) conquest, cruel, obdurate, heartless. fortress: (n) fort, bulwark, fortification, seizure, reverse, subjection, subjugation. castle, stronghold, citadel, alcazar,

tower, presidio, redoubt; (n, v) keep. masculine: (adj, v) male, not female; (adj) manly, manlike, virile, mannish, mankind, bold, manful; (n) gender, he. ANTONYMS: (adj) female, neuter. quittance: (n) payment, absolution, acquittance, remission, indemnity, recompense, repayment, excuse, compensation, receipt; (v) quit. regions: (n) area, region, parts. wrongs: (n) mala.

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That we do make our entrance several ways; That, if it chance the one of us do fail, The other yet may rise against their force.% BEDFORD. Agreed: I 'll to yond corner. BURGUNDY. And I to this. TALBOT. And here will Talbot mount, or make his grave. Now, Salisbury, for thee, and for the right Of English Henry, shall this night appear How much in duty I am bound to both. SENTINEL. Arm! arm! the enemy doth make assault! [Cry: 'St George,' 'A Talbot.'] [The FRENCH leap over the walls in their shirts. Enter, several ways, the BASTARD OF ORLEANS, ALENCON, and REIGNIER, half ready, and half unready.] ALENCON. How now, my lords! what, all unready so? BASTARD. Unready! aye, and glad we 'scap'd so well. REIGNIER. 'Twas time, I trow, to wake and leave our beds, Hearing alarums at our chamber-doors. ALENCON. Of all exploits since first I follow'd arms, Ne'er heard I of a warlike enterprise More venturous or desperate than this.

Thesaurus assault: (n, v) storm, violence, raid, charge, onset, rape, thrust; (v) assail; (n) aggression, rush, offensive. ANTONYMS: (v) defend, protect, resist; (n) defense. enemy: (n) antagonist, opponent, foe, opposition, competitor, enmity, assailant, foeman, hostile, besieger; (adj, n) rival. ANTONYMS: (n) ally, friend, supporter, benefactor, defender, fan. leap: (n, v) bound, spring, bounce,

caper, dive, vault, lunge; (v) dance, untrimmed, sluggish, dilatory, tardy, hop, start; (n) curvet. ANTONYMS: gloomy, awkward, unfeeling, (n, v) plummet; (v) surface, drop, melancholy, not swift. ANTONYM: hesitate; (n) slump. (adj) ready. mount: (n, v) rise, climb, frame; (v) venturous: (adj) daring, adventurous, board, arise, advance, jump, increase; audacious, risky, hazardous, fearless, (n) hill, mountain; (adj, v) ride. bold, foolhardy, rash, reckless, ANTONYMS: (v) drop, decrease, courageous. wane, dismount; (n) valley, hollow. wake: (v) awaken, awake, rouse, stir, trow: (adj) opine, weet, be of opinion, vigil, provoke, arouse, waken, excite; conceive; (v) believe, possess. (n) train, trail. ANTONYMS: (v) nap, unready: (adj) unprepared, unbegun, dissuade, discourage, snooze, stifle.

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King Henry VI, Part I

BASTARD. I think this Talbot be a fiend of hell.% REIGNIER. If not of hell, the heavens, sure, favor him. ALENCON. Here cometh Charles: I marvel how he sped. BASTARD. Tut, holy Joan was his defensive guard. [Enter CHARLES and LA PUCELLE.] CHARLES. Is this thy cunning, thou deceitful dame? Didst thou at first, to flatter us withal, Make us partakers of a little gain, That now our loss might be ten times so much? PUCELLE. Wherefore is Charles impatient with his friend? At all times will you have my power alike? Sleeping or waking must I still prevail, Or will you blame and lay the fault on me? Improvident soldiers! had your watch been good, This sudden mischief never could have fall'n. CHARLES. Duke of Alencon, this was your default, That, being captain of the watch to-night, Did look no better to that weighty charge. ALENCON. Had all your quarters been as safely kept As that whereof I had the government, We had not been thus shamefully surprised.

Thesaurus deceitful: (adj) false, fraudulent, (v) hinder, contradict, dislike, hurt, marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, insincere, crooked, dishonest, untrue, differ, thwart, reject, demean; (n) curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, sly, artful, untrustworthy, unreliable, derogation, disapproval, unkindness. miracle, portent, marl, surprise, treacherous. ANTONYMS: (adj) fiend: (n) monster, devil, fanatic, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare. straightforward, genuine, brute, deuce, incubus, goblin, ogre, shamefully: (adv) ignominiously, trustworthy, truthful, loyal, open, enthusiast, daemon, addict. principled, straight, upright, faithful, ANTONYM: (n) angel. ingloriously, scandalously, flatter: (v) fawn, adulate, wheedle, dependable. infamously, shockingly, favor: (n, v) countenance, aid, grace, cajole, soap, kowtow, blandish, discreditably, basely, outrageously; support, benefit, boon; (adj, n) grovel, butter up; (n, v) court; (n) (adv, v) dishonorably, foully, nastily. kindness; (n) advantage; (v) befriend, caress. ANTONYMS: (v) insult, ANTONYMS: (adv) commendably, encourage, patronize. ANTONYMS: disparage, criticize, discourage. compassionately, nobly.

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BASTARD. Mine was secure.% REIGNIER. And so was mine, my lord. CHARLES. And, for myself, most part of all this night, Within her quarter and mine own precinct I was employ'd in passing to and fro, About relieving of the sentinels: Then how or which way should they first break in? PUCELLE. Question, my lords, no further of the case, How or which way: 'tis sure they found some place But weakly guarded, where the breach was made. And now there rests no other shift but this; To gather our soldiers, scatter'd and dispersed, And lay new platforms to endamage them. [Alarum. Enter an ENGLISH SOLDIER, crying 'A Talbot! a Talbot!' They fly, leaving their clothes behind.] SOLDIER. I 'll be so bold to take what they have left. The cry of Talbot serves me for a sword; For I have loaden me with many spoils, Using no other weapon but his name. [Exit.]

SCENE II. ORLEANS. WITHIN THE TOWN.

Thesaurus bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless, spirited, heroic, daring, courageous, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, modest, afraid, meek, shy, light, courteous, discreet, faint, fearful, abashed. clothes: (n) apparel, clothing, dress, garb, wardrobe, vestment, garment, cloth, thing, gown, wear. endamage: (adj) damnify; (v) injure, indamage.

gather: (n, v) fold, tuck; (v) convene, garner, congregate, compile, assemble, accumulate, collect, meet, flock. ANTONYMS: (v) disperse, scatter, spread, distribute, disband, decrease, part, smooth. guarded: (adj) wary, careful, chary, circumspect, cagey, vigilant, watchful, conditional, discreet, gingerly, conservative. ANTONYMS: (adj) frank, careless, trusting, reckless, open, unwary, natural.

platforms: (n) chopine, chopines. relieving: (adj) pertinent, comforting, applicable; (n) encouragement. weakly: (adj) feeble, infirm, weak; (adv) frailly, badly, softly, lightly, infirmly, effeminately, slightly; (adj, adv) sickly. ANTONYMS: (adv) strongly, confidently, powerfully, firmly, well, competently, convincingly, wholeheartedly, admirably, persuasively, interestingly.

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King Henry VI, Part I

[Enter TALBOT, BEDFORD, BURGUNDY, a CAPTAIN, and others.] BEDFORD. The day begins to break, and night is fled, Whose pitchy mantle over-veil'd the earth. Here sound retreat, and cease our hot pursuit.% [Retreat sounded.] TALBOT. Bring forth the body of old Salisbury, And here advance it in the market-place, The middle centre of this cursed town. Now have I paid my vow unto his soul; For every drop of blood was drawn from him There hath at least five Frenchmen died to-night. And that hereafter ages may behold What ruin happen'd in revenge of him, Within their chiefest temple I 'll erect A tomb, wherein his corpse shall be interr'd; Upon the which, that every one may read, Shall be engraved the sack of Orleans, The treacherous manner of his mournful death And what a terror he had been to France. But, lords, in all our bloody massacre, I muse we met not with the Dauphin's grace, His new-come champion, virtuous Joan of Arc, Nor any of his false confederates. BEDFORD. 'Tis thought, Lord Talbot, when the fight began, Rous'd on the sudden from their drowsy beds, They did amongst the troops of armed men Leap o'er the walls for refuge in the field.

Thesaurus drowsy: (adj, n) sleepy; (adj) lazy, afterwards; (n) afterlife, futurity, time o'er: (adv) on, upon, across. pitchy: (adj) tarry, dusky, dark, comatose, somnolent, slow, lethargic, to come, great beyond, future life. mournful: (adj) sad, miserable, sluggish, dull, indolent, soporific, fuliginous, jet, murky, obscure, pitch listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, melancholy, funereal, dolorous, dark, dark, inky, black, achromatic. virtuous: (adj) upright, pure, awake, lively, vigorous, vivacious, pensive, gloomy, lugubrious, lamentable; (adj, n) plaintive. refreshed. righteous, good, moral, just, engraved: (adj) carved, inscribed, ANTONYMS: (adj) joyful, happy, honorable, honest, respectable, decent, pious. ANTONYMS: (adj) etched, sculptured, chased, cut in, emotionless. graphic, graven; (prep) insculptured; muse: (v) meditate, ponder, deliberate, bad, sinful, corrupt, impure, (v) fixed, imprinted. consider, cogitate, reflect, brood, unethical, decadent, degenerate, hereafter: (adv) thereafter, from now ruminate, speculate, think, mull. irreverent. ANTONYM: (v) wander. on, hence, henceforth, hereinafter,

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BURGUNDY. Myself, as far as I could well discern For smoke and dusky vapors of the night, Am sure I scared the Dauphin and his trull, When arm in arm they both came swiftly running, Like to a pair of loving turtle-doves That could not live asunder day or night. After that things are set in order here, We'll follow them with all the power we have.% [Enter a MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. All hail, my lords! Which of this princely train Call ye the warlike Talbot, for his acts So much applauded through the realm of France? TALBOT. Here is the Talbot: who would speak with him? MESSENGER. The virtuous lady, Countess of Auvergne, With modesty admiring thy renown, By me entreats, great lord, thou wouldst vouchsafe To visit her poor castle where she lies, That she may boast she hath beheld the man Whose glory fills the world with loud report. BURGUNDY. Is it even so? Nay, then I see our wars Will turn into a peaceful comic sport, When ladies crave to be encount'red with. You may not, my lord, despise her gentle suit. TALBOT. Ne'er trust me then; for when a world of men

Thesaurus asunder: (adj, v) separate; (adv) aside, despise: (v) disdain, loathe, applaud, summon, accost, fall, cheer, in two; (adj, adv) in Twain; (adj) loose, depreciate, abhor, dislike, detest, salute; (n, v) call; (n) greeting. distant, adrift, aloof; (v) discrete, far slight, hate; (n, v) contemn; (n) ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, criticize. between, free. ANTONYM: (adv) contempt, deride. ANTONYMS: (v) princely: (adj, v) August, grand, great, lordly, dignified, stately; (adj) together. respect, love, adore, appreciate, beheld: (adj) visual. cherish, like, praise, accept. generous, munificent, majestic, came: (v) arrive, come. dusky: (adj) dark, cloudy, gloomy, magnificent, gorgeous. ANTONYM: crave: (v) covet, ask, want, beseech, black, swarthy, dull, murky, obscure, (adj) ungenerous. implore, wish, long, entreat, desire, dingy, sooty, somber. ANTONYMS: vapors: (n) megrims, mist, blues, blue fancy, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) (adj) light, bright, sunny, radiant, devils, fog, depression, dislike, spurn, loathe, hate, detest, clear. hypochondriasis, pessimism, spleen, hail: (v) address, cry, acclaim, grant. brume, horrors.

40

King Henry VI, Part I

Could not prevail with all their oratory, Yet hath a woman's kindness over-ruled: And therefore tell her I return great thanks, And in submission will attend on her. Will not your honors bear me company? BEDFORD. No, truly; it is more than manners will: And I have heard it said, unbidden guests Are often welcomest when they are gone.% TALBOT. Well then, alone, since there 's no remedy, I mean to prove this lady's courtesy. Come hither, Captain. [Whispers] You perceive my mind? CAPTAIN. I do, my lord, and mean accordingly. [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. AUVERGNE. THE COUNTESS'S CASTLE. [Enter the COUNTESS and her PORTER.] COUNTESS. Porter, remember what I gave in charge; And when you have done so, bring the keys to me. PORTER. Madam, I will. [Exit.] COUNTESS. The plot is laid: if all things fall out right,

Thesaurus heard: (n) hearing. honors: (n) formality. kindness: (n) generosity, clemency, compassion, grace, good will, graciousness, humanity, goodness, affection; (adj, n) courtesy, gentleness. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, spite, nastiness, callousness, cruelty, unfriendliness, maliciousness, thoughtlessness, sourness, severity, disservice. manners: (n) conduct, etiquette,

vanquish; (adj) preponderate. propriety, behavior, deportment, ANTONYM: (v) lose. manner, courtesy, custom, decorum, submission: (n) compliance, good manners, usage. ANTONYM: (n) vulgarity. obedience, acquiescence, bid, offer, perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, deference, entry, presentation, conformity; (adj, n) resignation, discover, see, grasp, find, know, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) surrender. ANTONYMS: (n) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, defiance, divergence, disobedience. unbidden: (adj) unbid, uninvited, observe, ignore. prevail: (n, v) triumph, control, spontaneous, voluntary, willing, govern; (v) dominate, overcome, unwanted. outweigh, obtain, persist, carry,

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I shall as famous be by this exploit As Scythian Tomyris by Cyrus' death. Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight, And his achievements of no less account: Fain would mine eyes be witness with mine ears, To give their censure of these rare reports.% [Enter MESSENGER and TALBOT.] MESSENGER. Madam, According as your ladyship desired, By message craved, so is Lord Talbot come. COUNTESS. And he is welcome. What! is this the man? MESSENGER. Madam, it is. COUNTESS. Is this the scourge of France? Is this the Talbot, so much fear'd abroad That with his name the mothers still their babes? I see report is fabulous and false: I thought I should have seen some Hercules, A second Hector, for his grim aspect, And large proportion of his strong-knit limbs. Alas, this is a child, a silly dwarf! It cannot be this weak and writhled shrimp Should strike such terror to his enemies. TALBOT. Madam, I have been bold to trouble you; But since your ladyship is not at leisure, I 'll sort some other time to visit you.

Thesaurus censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand, v) chosen; (v) consenting. fabulous: (adj) mythical, legendary, reproach, attack, animadversion, abuse; (n) accusation, condemnation; fabled, mythological, wonderful, (v) carp, condemn, berate. marvelous, spectacular, fab, terrific, ANTONYMS: (v) approve, amazing, imaginary. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, prosaic, routine, commend, allow, endorse, laud, permit, sanction; (n) approval, ordinary, factual, common, blessing, commendation; (n, v) humdrum, dire, unimpressive, compliment. abysmal. desired: (adj) coveted, desirable, grim: (adj) austere, glum, cheerless, favorite, wanted, welcome, needed, dour, ghastly, dreary, forbidding, beloved, required, most wanted; (adj, dark, dire, hard, dismal.

ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, bright, funny, kindly, hospitable, pleasant, promising, simple, wonderful. ladyship: (n) madam. rumor: (n) hearsay, talk, news; (n, v) gossip, fame, buzz, bruit, noise, rumour; (v) repute, reputation. ANTONYM: (n) truth. strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend.

42

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COUNTESS. What means he now? Go ask him whither he goes.% MESSENGER. Stay, my Lord Talbot; for my lady craves To know the cause of your abrupt departure. TALBOT. Marry, for that she's in a wrong belief, I go to certify her Talbot's here. [Re-enter PORTER with keys.] COUNTESS. If thou be he, then art thou prisoner. TALBOT. Prisoner! to whom? COUNTESS. To me, blood-thirsty lord; And for that cause I train'd thee to my house. Long time thy shadow hath been thrall to me, For in my gallery thy picture hangs: But now the substance shall endure the like, And I will chain these legs and arms of thine, That hast by tyranny these many years Wasted our country, slain our citizens, And sent our sons and husbands captivate. TALBOT. Ha, ha, ha! COUNTESS. Laughest thou, wretch? Thy mirth shall turn to moan. TALBOT. I laugh to see your ladyship so fond

Thesaurus abrupt: (adj) sudden, brusque, sharp, precipitous, steep, instantaneous, unexpected, swift, instant, hasty; (n) bold. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, gradual, rambling, gracious, courteous, polite, anticipated, kind, calm, protracted, deliberate. captivate: (adj, v) attract, charm, fascinate; (v) bewitch, enchant, take, lure, hypnotize; (n, v) allure, tempt, entice. ANTONYMS: (v) repulse, disillusion, offend, bore, annoy.

certify: (v) attest, assure, endorse, compliment; (n) praise. accredit, bear witness, affirm, ensure, tyranny: (adj, n) dictatorship, confirm, declare, guarantee; (n, v) autocracy; (n) absolutism, despotism, warrant. ANTONYMS: (v) oppression, cruelty, monocracy, counteract, decertify, deny, totalitarianism, authoritarianism, invalidate, reject, cancel. autarchy, Caesarism. ANTONYMS: legs: (v) pegs, trotters, pins; (n) (n) democracy, liberty. wretch: (n) victim, villain, scoundrel, patience, pedestal, stamina. moan: (n, v) grumble, gripe, whine, reprobate, reptile, miscreant, martyr, lament, cry, howl; (v) bewail, object of compassion, poor devil, complain, mourn; (n) complaint, prey, wreak. lamentation. ANTONYMS: (v)

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To think that you have aught but Talbot's shadow Whereon to practice your severity.% COUNTESS. Why, art not thou the man? TALBOT. I am indeed. COUNTESS. Then have I substance too. TALBOT. No, no, I am but shadow of myself: You are deceived, my substance is not here; For what you see is but the smallest part And least proportion of humanity: I tell you, madam, were the whole frame here, It is of such a spacious lofty pitch, Your roof were not sufficient to contain 't. COUNTESS. This is a riddling merchant for the nonce; He will be here, and yet he is not here: How can these contrarieties agree? TALBOT. That will I show you presently. [Winds his horn. Drums strike up: a peal of ordnance. Enter SOLDIERS.] How say you, madam? are you now persuaded That Talbot is but shadow of himself? These are his substance, sinews, arms and strength, With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities and subverts your towns, And in a moment makes them desolate.

Thesaurus deceived: (adj) mistaken, misguided. lowly, base, modest, deferential, insurgent, stubborn, unruly, desolate: (adj, v) desert, forlorn; (adj) malcontent. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble. bare, barren, alone, bleak, deserted, madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, docile, conventional, obedient, cheerless, disconsolate; (v) devastate, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel conformist, content, conforming, destroy. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, keeper, madames, signora, female, cooperative, loyal, meek, submissive, inhabited, happy, sheltered, mobbed, bawd. obliging. overcrowded, ecstatic, hopeful; (v) peal: (n) ding, noise, clang, dingdong, spacious: (adj) broad, extensive, large, blast; (v) chime, knell, toll, echo; (adj, wide, ample, commodious, vast, create, construct, build. lofty: (adj, v) high, elevated; (adj) n) swell; (n, v) bang. capacious, comprehensive, open, rebellious: (adj) insubordinate, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) cramped, exalted, eminent, arrogant, grand, tall, haughty, great, distinguished, mutinous, disaffected, defiant, narrow, airless, overcrowded. majestic. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, disobedient, contrary, contumacious,

44

King Henry VI, Part I

COUNTESS. Victorious Talbot! pardon my abuse: I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited, And more than may be gather'd by thy shape. Let my presumption not provoke thy wrath; For I am sorry that with reverence I did not entertain thee as thou art.% TALBOT. Be not dismay'd, fair lady; nor misconstrue The mind of Talbot, as you did mistake The outward composition of his body. What you have done hath not offended me; Nor other satisfaction do I crave, But only, with your patience, that we may Taste of your wine and see what cates you have; For soldiers' stomachs always serve them well. COUNTESS. With all my heart, and think me honored To feast so great a warrior in my house. [Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. LONDON. THE TEMPLE-GARDEN. [Enter the EARLS OF SOMERSET, SUFFOLK, and WARWICK; RICHARD PLANTAGENET, VERNON, and another LAWYER.] PLANTAGENET. Great lords and gentlemen, what means this silence? Dare no man answer in a case of truth?

Thesaurus cates: (v) dainty, delicacy, viands; (n) resentful, injured. ANTONYMS: (adj) acates. indifferent, proud, unconcerned. entertain: (v) amuse, delight, bear, outward: (adj) external, apparent, cherish, beguile, admit, extrinsic, outer, superficial, surface, accommodate, harbor, hold, distract; outside, ostensible, foreign, outdoor; (n, v) interest. ANTONYMS: (v) (adv) out. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) disregard, ignore, banish, forget, tire, inward; (adj) inner, internal, deep. presumption: (n) effrontery, displease. gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs. confidence, assurance, premise, offended: (adj) angry, affronted, arrogance, guess, conjecture, surmise, aggrieved, pained, wronged, insolence, impertinence, belief. ANTONYM: (n) respect. annoyed, insulted, shocked, vexed,

provoke: (n, v) excite; (v) defy, offend, enrage, anger, irritate, arouse, kindle, inflame, invite, get. ANTONYMS: (v) please, soothe, mollify, deter, inhibit, dampen, arbitrate, allay, defuse, discourage, douse. warrior: (n) fighter, combatant, champion, brave, gerrard, guerilla, centurion, irregular, insurgent, guerrilla, militant.

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SUFFOLK. Within the Temple-hall we were too loud; The garden here is more convenient.% PLANTAGENET. Then say at once if I maintain'd the truth; Or else was wrangling Somerset in the error? SUFFOLK. Faith, I have been a truant in the law, And never yet could frame my will to it; And therefore frame the law unto my will. SOMERSET. Judge you, my Lord of Warwick, then, between us. WARWICK. Between two hawks, which flies the higher pitch; Between two dogs, which hath the deeper mouth; Between two blades, which bears the better temper: Between two horses, which doth bear him best; Between two girls, which hath the merriest eye; I have perhaps some shallow spirit of judgment: But in these nice sharp quillets of the law, Good faith, I am no wiser than a daw. PLANTAGENET. Tut, tut, here is a mannerly forbearance: The truth appears so naked on my side That any purblind eye may find it out. SOMERSET. And on my side it is so well apparell'd, So clear, so shining and so evident, That it will glimmer through a blind man's eye.

Thesaurus bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, common, vulgar, impolite. purblind: (adj) obtuse, opaque, dim, order Carnivora. glimmer: (adj, n, v) flicker, twinkle; (n, dumb, myopic, nearsighted, dense, v) gleam, shimmer, flash, sparkle, dull, blinding, visually impaired; (v) beam, glow, shine; (v) blink; (n) shortsighted. shallow: (adj) superficial, low, cursory, gleaming. hawks: (n) Falconiformes, caracaras, petty, little, sketchy, flimsy, frivolous, order Falconiformes, harriers. simple, surface, perfunctory. mannerly: (adj) civil, polite, genteel, ANTONYMS: (adj) bottomless, urbane, decent, decorous, refined, profound, intense, pensive, serious, courtly, gentlemanly; (adv) kindly, inner, weighty. sortly. ANTONYMS: (adj) rude, shining: (adj, v) brilliant; (adj) lustrous,

radiant, glossy, luminous, glorious, glowing; (adj, n) lucid, resplendent, clear; (v) shine. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, pale, blemished. truant: (n) deserter, hooky player, nonattender, fugitive, wrongdoer, idler, absentee, absenter, offender; (v) shirk; (adj) AWOL. wrangling: (n) quarrel, bickering, controversy, polemics, discussion, haggle, haggling, dispute, strife, altercation, jangle.

46

King Henry VI, Part I

PLANTAGENET. Since you are tongue-tied and so loath to speak, In dumb significants proclaim your thoughts: Let him that is a true-born gentleman And stands upon the honor of his birth, If he suppose that I have pleaded truth, From off this brier pluck a white rose with me.% SOMERSET. Let him that is no coward nor no flatterer, But dare maintain the party of the truth, Pluck a red rose from off this thorn with me. WARWICK. I love no colours, and without all colour Of base insinuating flattery I pluck this white rose with Plantagenet. SUFFOLK. I pluck this red rose with young Somerset, And say withal I think he held the right. VERNON. Stay, lords and gentlemen, and pluck no more, Till you conclude that he, upon whose side The fewest roses are cropp'd from the tree Shall yield the other in the right opinion. SOMERSET. Good Master Vernon, it is well objected: If I have fewest, I subscribe in silence. PLANTAGENET. And I. VERNON. Then for the truth and plainness of the case,

Thesaurus brier: (n) briar, thorn, eglantine, Erica insinuating: (adj) crafty, insinuative, arborea, Smilax rotundifolia, flora, oily, ingratiating, having serpents, nettle, sprig, vegetation; (adj) beard, insinuant, sly, snaky, giving hints, thistle. snide, subtle. honor: (n, v) respect, reputation, glory, loath: (adj) unwilling, disinclined, fame, reward; (n) award, accolade, reluctant, loth, indisposed, backward, reverence; (v) celebrate; (adj, n, v) hesitant, antipathetic, antipathetical, worship, grace. ANTONYMS: (n, v) loathe, shy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) dishonor, disgrace; (n) shame, eager, willing, disposed, keen. humiliation, wickedness, contempt, plainness: (n) perspicuity, clearness, insult; (v) break, ignore, disrespect, homeliness, austerity, simplicity, discredit. lucidity, perspicuousness, directness,

bareness, drabness, chasteness. ANTONYMS: (n) warmth, splendor. thorn: (n) barb, prickle, bramble, spike, point, brier, pricker, needle, sticker, fang; (adj, n) sting. tongue-tied: (adj) mute, speechless, silent, incoherent, inarticulate. withal: (adv) nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, even so, all the same, nonetheless, with; (adj) likewise; (n) sufficiency, adequacy, enough.

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I pluck this pale and maiden blossom here, Giving my verdict on the white rose side.% SOMERSET. Prick not your finger as you pluck it off, Lest bleeding, you do paint the white rose red, And fall on my side so, against your will. VERNON. If I, my lord, for my opinion bleed, Opinion shall be surgeon to my hurt And keep me on the side where still I am. SOMERSET. Well, well, come on: who else? LAWYER. Unless my study and my books be false, The argument you held was wrong in you; [To SOMERSET.] In sign whereof I pluck a white rose too. PLANTAGENET. Now, Somerset, where is your argument? SOMERSET. Here in my scabbard, meditating that Shall dye your white rose in a bloody red. PLANTAGENET. Meantime your cheeks do counterfeit our roses; For pale they look with fear, as witnessing The truth on our side. SOMERSET. No, Plantagenet, 'Tis not for fear but anger that thy cheeks

Thesaurus bleeding: (adj) bloody, gory, blasted; literature, accountancy. (n) haemorrhage, bloodletting, cheeks: (n) Gemini, twins, couple, runout, cupping, leeches, posterior, pair, deuce, two, duet. venesection, phlebotomy; (v) bleed. counterfeit: (adj, n, v) sham; (n, v) blossom: (adj, n, v) flower, blow; (n, v) copy, duplicate; (adj, v) mock, falsify; bud; (n) blooming, heyday, (adj) false, artificial, assumed; (adj, n) efflorescence; (v) prosper, flourish, imitation; (v) forge, ape. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, real, thrive, progress, unfold. ANTONYMS: (v) wither, deteriorate, authentic, true, actual; (n) original. struggle, shrivel, shrink, fade, die; (n) maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) withering. books: (n) notebook, account, ledger, first, initiatory, unmarried.

meditating: (n) conception. pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge. scabbard: (n) case, vagina, casing, pod, covering, cover, pouch, pocket, fob. surgeon: (n) doctor, sawbones, doc, reed, operating surgeon, medicine, neurosurgeon, plastic surgeon, medico, lister, general practitioner.

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Blush for pure shame to counterfeit our roses, And yet thy tongue will not confess thy error.% PLANTAGENET. Hath not thy rose a canker, Somerset? SOMERSET. Hath not thy rose a thorn, Plantagenet? PLANTAGENET. Ay, sharp and piercing, to maintain his truth; Whiles thy consuming canker eats his falsehood. SOMERSET. Well, I 'll find friends to wear my bleeding roses, That shall maintain what I have said is true, Where false Plantagenet dare not be seen. PLANTAGENET. Now, by this maiden blossom in my hand, I scorn thee and thy fashion, peevish boy. SUFFOLK. Turn not thy scorns this way, Plantagenet. PLANTAGENET. Proud Pole, I will, and scorn both him and thee. SUFFOLK. I'll turn my part thereof into thy throat. SOMERSET. Away, away, good William de la Pole! We grace the yeoman by conversing with him. WARWICK. Now, by God's will, thou wrong'st him, Somerset; His grandfather was Lionel Duke of Clarence, Third son to the third Edward King of England: Spring crestless yeomen from so deep a root?

Thesaurus canker: (n) cancer, corruption, blight; falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, ANTONYMS: (adj) quiet, dull, soft, (v) corrode, erode; (adj, n) rot; (adj, v) deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, hot. pollute, vitiate; (adj) contaminate, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, scorn: (v) despise, contemn, reject; (n, poison, taint. ANTONYMS: (v) help, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, v) ridicule, neglect, disregard, deride, slight; (n) contempt, derision, protect. honesty, reality. consuming: (adj) blazing, peevish: (adj) fretful, fractious, mockery. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect, praise; (v) appreciate, revere, value, overwhelming, burning, absorbing, morose, testy, irascible, moody, corrosive; (v) grating, searching, approve, admire, accept; (n) captious, petulant, cross, grinding, racking; (n) consumption, cantankerous, touchy. admiration, commendation, humility. piercing: (adj, n) sharp, cutting; (adj, v) yeoman: (n) beefeater, gaffer, chap, wasting. eats: (n) grub, chuck, food, meat, meal, keen, penetrating, biting, bitter, cultivator, fellow, freeholder, blade, diet, nurture, eat, dinner, board, feed. harsh, shrill; (adj) high, raw, loud. good man, swain, wight, woodcutter.

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PLANTAGENET. He bears him on the place's privilege, Or durst not, for his craven heart, say thus.% SOMERSET. By Him that made me, I'll maintain my words On any plot of ground in Christendom. Was not thy father, Richard Earl of Cambridge, For treason executed in our late king's days? And, by his treason, stand'st not thou attainted, Corrupted, and exempt from ancient gentry? His trespass yet lives guilty in thy blood; And, till thou be restored, thou art a yeoman. PLANTAGENET. My father was attached, not attainted, Condemn'd to die for treason, but no traitor; And that I'll prove on better men than Somerset, Were growing time once ripen'd to my will. For your partaker Pole and you yourself, I'll note you in my book of memory, To scourge you for this apprehension: Look to it well and say you are well warn'd. SOMERSET. Ay, thou shalt find us ready for thee still; And know us by these colors for thy foes, For these my friends in spite of thee shall wear. PLANTAGENET. And, by my soul, this pale and angry rose, As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate, Will I for ever and my faction wear, Until it wither with me to my grave, Or flourish to the height of my degree.

Thesaurus cognizance: (n, v) cognition, acquaintance; (n) sense, consciousness, ken, notice, jurisdiction, note, observation, recognition; (v) knowledge. colors: (n) flag, colours, paints, banner, color, colour, ensign, pigment, tint, dye, paint. craven: (n) coward, poltroon, chicken; (adj, n) recreant, apostate, renegade; (adj) base, gutless, yellow, spineless, fearful. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave,

prodition. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, fearless, courageous, daring, heroic, strong. faithfulness, fidelity. executed: (adj) finished, fulfilled, trespass: (adj, v) offend; (n, v) sin, breach; (n) offense, invasion, complete. partaker: (n) participant, sharer, infringement, encroachment; (v) contributor, associate, accomplice, encroach, infringe, intrude, invade. wither: (v) shrink, wilt, contract, partner, participator, companion, party, pooler, contestant. shrivel, languish, droop, dry, waste, treason: (n) treachery, perfidy, high wane, atrophy, decay. ANTONYMS: (v) swell, strengthen, grow, blossom, treason, sabotage, lese majesty, traitorousness, subversiveness, flourish. duplicity; (adj, n) disloyalty, sedition,

50

King Henry VI, Part I

SUFFOLK. Go forward, and be chok'd with thy ambition! And so farewell until I meet thee next. [Exit.] SOMERSET. Have with thee, Pole. Farewell, ambitious Richard. [Exit.] PLANTAGENET. How I am braved and must perforce endure it! WARWICK. This blot that they object against your house Shall be wiped out in the next parliament Call'd for the truce of Winchester and Gloucester; And if thou be not then created York, I will not live to be accounted Warwick. Meantime, in signal of my love to thee, Against proud Somerset and William Pole, Will I upon thy party wear this rose: And here I prophesy: this brawl to-day, Grown to this faction in the Temple-garden, Shall send between the red rose and the white A thousand souls to death and deadly night.% PLANTAGENET. Good Master Vernon, I am bound to you, That you on my behalf would pluck a flower. VERNON. In your behalf still will I wear the same. LAWYER. And so will I.

Thesaurus blot: (n, v) spot, blemish, smudge, mark, slur, taint, shame; (v) tarnish, blob; (n) blotch; (adj, n) fault. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, grace, soak, wet, beautify, improve, enhance. brawl: (n, v) fight, quarrel, affray, clash, dispute; (adj, n, v) row; (adj, n) disturbance, tumult; (n) altercation, strife; (v) bicker. deadly: (adj, adv) deathly; (adj) baneful, lethal, fatal, destructive,

perforce: (n) on compulsion; (adv) mortal, pernicious, virulent, toxic; (adv) lifelessly, lethally. needs. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, prophesy: (n, v) presage; (v) uplifting, readable, mild, healthy, prognosticate, foretell, augur, healthful, benign, innocuous, foreshow, forecast, portend, exciting. foreshadow, forebode, bode, endure: (adj, n, v) continue, support; anticipate. (n, v) bear, suffer, stand, be; (v) truce: (n, v) respite; (n) peace, breather, accept, undergo, allow, stay, tolerate. reprieve, ceasefire agreement, ANTONYMS: (v) perish, die, break, agreement, pact, accord; (v) rest, fall, discontinue, crumble, end, enjoy, pause, lull. ANTONYMS: (n) resign, quit, collapse. disagreement, fight, war.

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PLANTAGENET. Thanks, gentle sir. Come, let us four to dinner: I dare say This quarrel will drink blood another day.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE V. THE TOWER OF LONDON. [Enter MORTIMER, brought in a chair, and JAILERS.] MORTIMER. Kind keepers of my weak decaying age, Let dying Mortimer here rest himself. Even like a man new haled from the rack, So fare my limbs with long imprisonment; And these gray locks, the pursuivants of death, Nestor-like aged in an age of care, Argue the end of Edmund Mortimer. These eyes, like lamps whose wasting oil is spent, Wax dim, as drawing to their exigent; Weak shoulders, overborne with burdening grief, And pithless arms, like to a wither'd vine That droops his sapless branches to the ground: Yet are these feet, whose strengthless stay is numb, Unable to support this lump of clay, Swift-winged with desire to get a grave, As witting I no other comfort have. But tell me, keeper, will my nephew come? FIRST JAILER. Richard Plantagenet, my lord, will come:

Thesaurus decaying: (adj) rotten, decayed, pithless: (v) marrowless, sinewless; (adj) feeble, lustless, spineless. rotting, stale, decadent, stinking, decomposed, smelly, shabby, seedy; quarrel: (adj, n, v) dispute; (n, v) fight, (n) fading. ANTONYM: (adj) pristine. feud, brawl, row, altercation, argue, fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, conflict, squabble; (n) dissension, difference. ANTONYMS: (n) table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop. agreement, reconciliation, locks: (n) hair, tresses, head of hair. acceptance, concord, consensus; (v) nephew: (n) aunt, grandnephew, agree. sapless: (adj) feeble, infirm, weakly, brother's son, niece, cousin, uncle, kinsman. dry, decrepit, weak, faint, thirsty, flat; overborne: (v) overwhelmed. (v) juiceless, strengthless.

strengthless: (v) sapless; (adj) powerless, feeble. wasting: (n) homicide, atrophy, slaughter, slaying, cachexia, assassination, cachexy, amyotrophy, carnage; (adj) consuming, consumptive. witting: (adj) knowing, aware, cognizant, intentional, deliberate, voluntary, intentionally conceived, cognisant, willful, intended, express. ANTONYM: (adj) unwitting.

52

King Henry VI, Part I

We sent unto the Temple, unto his chamber; And answer was return'd that he will come.% MORTIMER. Enough: my soul shall then be satisfied. Poor gentleman! his wrong doth equal mine. Since Henry Monmouth first began to reign, Before whose glory I was great in arms, This loathsome sequestration have I had; And even since then hath Richard been obscured, Deprived of honour and inheritance. But now the arbitrator of despairs, Just Death, kind umpire of men's miseries, With sweet enlargement doth dismiss me hence: I would his troubles likewise were expired, That so he might recover what was lost. [Enter RICHARD PLANTAGENET.] FIRST JAILER. My lord, your loving nephew now is come. MORTIMER. Richard Plantagenet, my friend, is he come? PLANTAGENET. Aye, noble uncle, thus ignobly used, Your nephew, late despised Richard, comes. MORTIMER. Direct mine arms I may embrace his neck, And in his bosom spend my latter gasp: O, tell me when my lips do touch his cheeks, That I may kindly give one fainting kiss. And now declare, sweet stem from York's great stock, Why didst thou say of late thou wert despised?

Thesaurus arbitrator: (n) arbiter, mediator, unloved, reviled, opprobrious. fainting: (n) swoon, syncope, referee, umpire, judge, moderator, adjudicator, peacemaker, deliquium, lipothymy, prostration, intermediary, third party, negotiator. stupor; (adj) lipothymic. ANTONYM: (n) fighter. ignobly: (adv) currishly, scurrilously, bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, meanly, unnobly. thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; loathsome: (adj) foul, hideous, (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. distasteful, disgusting, hateful, ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority. abominable, revolting, execrable, despised: (adj) scorned, despicable, loathly, nauseous, horrible. ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, nice, hated, abject, disparaged, mean, attaching disgrace, unpopular, noble, inoffensive, pleasant,

admirable, good, attractive. sequestration: (n) separation, confiscation, requisition, damages, deodand, escheat, seclusion, retreat, withdrawal, separatism, privacy. ANTONYM: (n) restoration. troubles: (n) dilemma, evils, harms, ills. umpire: (n, v) judge; (n) arbitrator, arbiter, mediator, ump, justice, moderator, intermediary; (v) arbitrate, adjudicate, mediate.

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PLANTAGENET. First, lean thine aged back against mine arm; And, in that case, I'll tell thee my disease. This day, in argument upon a case, Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me; Among which terms he used his lavish tongue And did upbraid me with my father's death: Which obloquy set bars before my tongue, Else with the like I had requited him. Therefore, good uncle, for my father's sake, In honor of a true Plantagenet And for alliance sake, declare the cause My father, Earl of Cambridge, lost his head.% MORTIMER. That cause, fair nephew, that imprison'd me And hath detain'd me all my flowering youth Within a loathsome dungeon, there to pine, Was cursed instrument of his decease. PLANTAGENET. Discover more at large what cause that was, For I am ignorant and cannot guess. MORTIMER. I will, if that my fading breath permit, And death approach not ere my tale be done. Henry the Fourth, grandfather to this king, Deposed his nephew Richard, Edward's son, The first-begotten and the lawful heir Of Edward king, the third of that descent; During whose reign the Percies of the north, Finding his usurpation most unjust, Endeavour'd my advancement to the throne.

Thesaurus decease: (v) go, die, perish, pass, pass away, exit, expire; (n) demise, passing, departure, expiration. ANTONYMS: (n) nascency; (v) survive. dungeon: (n, v) keep; (n) prison, cell, jail, penitentiary, fastness, oubliette, Bastille, bridewell, detention, house of correction. fading: (n) attenuation, bleaching, discoloration, disappearance, evaporation, colour fading, decay;

(adj) disappearing, paling, tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, weakening, decaying. ANTONYMS: recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, (adj) thriving, increasing, growing. relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact. flowering: (adj) blooming, abloom, upbraid: (v) rebuke, censure, blame, efflorescent, flourishing; (n) bloom, scold, chide, reprimand, condemn, berate, objurgate, rate; (n, v) revile. blossom, flower, anthesis, usurpation: (n) encroachment, inflorescence, efflorescence, florescence. appropriation, seizure, accroachment, obloquy: (n) libel, censure, aspersion, gaining control, coup d'etat, blame, defamation, disgrace, infamy, presumption; (adj, n) violation; (adj) overpowering, overwhelming; (v) disparagement, shame, vilification; (adj, n) odium. deposition.

54

King Henry VI, Part I

The reason moved these warlike lords to this Was, for that--young King Richard thus removed, Leaving no heir begotten of his body-I was the next by birth and parentage; For by my mother I derived am From Lionel Duke of Clarence, third son To King Edward the Third; whereas he From John of Gaunt doth bring his pedigree, Being but fourth of that heroic line. But mark: as in this haughty great attempt They labored to plant the rightful heir, I lost my liberty and they their lives. Long after this, when Henry the Fifth, Succeeding his father Bolingbroke, did reign, Thy father, Earl of Cambridge, then derived From famous Edmund Langley, Duke of York, Marrying my sister that thy mother was, Again in pity of my hard distress. Levied an army, weening to redeem And have install'd me in the diadem: But, as the rest, so fell that noble earl And was beheaded. Thus the Mortimers, In whom the title rested, were suppress'd.% PLANTAGENET. Of which, my lord, your honor is the last. MORTIMER. True; and thou seest that I no issue have, And that my fainting words do warrant death: Thou art my heir; the rest I wish thee gather: But yet be wary in thy studious care.

Thesaurus begotten: (adj) generated, biological, create. beheaded: (adj) headless. derived: (adj) secondary, calculated, variant, resulting, resultant, plagiaristic, imitative, derivate, deliberate, copied, calculable. heroic: (adj) courageous, brave, fearless, chivalrous, dauntless, valiant, grand, intrepid, gallant, impressive, heroical. ANTONYMS: (adj) fearful, normal, despicable,

studious: (adj) scholarly, bookish, lowly. labored: (adj) elaborate, strained, academic, assiduous, erudite, laborious, heavy, arduous, hard, diligent, learned, careful, deliberate; (adj, v) thoughtful, reflective. artificial, laboured, awkward, unnatural, studied. ANTONYM: (adj) ANTONYM: (adj) negligent. wary: (adj) cautious, vigilant, careful, easy. rested: (adj) comfortable. guarded, circumspect, suspicious, rightful: (adj) right, lawful, just, shy, alert, chary, attentive, leery. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwary, careless, justifiable, proper, legal, equitable, licit, real, genuine, true. trusting, reckless, heedless, foolish, ANTONYMS: (adj) wrongful, illegal, unsuspecting, thoughtless, oblivious, unlawful, fake. forgetful, eager.

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PLANTAGENET. Thy grave admonishments prevail with me: But yet, methinks, my father's execution Was nothing less than bloody tyranny.% MORTIMER. With silence, nephew, be thou politic: Strong-fixed is the house of Lancaster, And like a mountain not to be removed. But now thy uncle is removing hence; As princes do their courts, when they are cloy'd With long continuance in a settled place. PLANTAGENET. O, uncle, would some part of my young years Might but redeem the passage of your age! MORTIMER. Thou dost then wrong me, as that slaughterer doth Which giveth many wounds when one will kill. Mourn not, except thou sorrow for my good; Only give order for my funeral: And so farewell, and fair be all thy hopes, And prosperous be thy life in peace and war! [Dies.] PLANTAGENET. And peace, no war, befall thy parting soul! In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage, And like a hermit overpass'd thy days. Well, I will lock his counsel in my breast; And what I do imagine let that rest. Keepers, convey him hence; and I myself Will see his burial better than his life. [Exeunt JAILERS, bearing out the body of MORTIMER.]

Thesaurus burial: (v) bury, funebrial; (n) solitaire, loner, caveman, cave man. slaughterer: (n) butcher, murderer, parting: (n) adieu, division, leave, sepulture, entombment, burying, knacker, bungler, killer, assassin, inhumation, funeral, concealment, departure, disunion, goodbye, blunderer, bumbler, fumbler, sepulcher, hiding, committal. leaving, segregation, dying, rupture; botcher, slayer. continuance: (n) duration, abidance, (adj) valedictory. ANTONYMS: (n) sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, existence, endurance, protraction, joining, meeting, connection, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, adjournment, resumption, Reunion. redeem: (v) recover, deliver, atone, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. prolongation, time, standing, perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n) ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, recoup, expiate, ransom, reclaim, discontinuation, destruction. save, free, extricate, refund. happiness, peace, hopefulness, hermit: (n) anchorite, ascetic, solitary, ANTONYMS: (v) hock, pawn, lose. cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice. anchoret, eremite, monk, troglodyte, removing: (adj) departing.

56

King Henry VI, Part I

Here %dies the dusky torch of Mortimer, Choked with ambition of the meaner sort: And for those wrongs, those bitter injuries, Which Somerset hath offer'd to my house, I doubt not but with honour to redress; And therefore haste I to the parliament, Either to be restored to my blood, Or make my ill the advantage of my good. [Exit.]

Thesaurus ambition: (n) aim, hope, goal, drive, ambitiousness, wish, dream, purpose, target, objective, intention. ANTONYMS: (n) satisfaction, contentment, sloth, laziness, lethargy. bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid; (adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle.

doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect. query, dispute; (n) disbelief, restored: (adj) new, healthy, misgiving, incertitude, apprehension, comfortable, convalescent. uncertainty; (adj, n) skepticism; (v) therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence, suspect. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, accordingly, as a result, thus, for that reason; (conj) since, because, then, confidence, conclusiveness, belief, certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept, ergo. torch: (n) brand, light, flambeau, believe, consider, swallow. honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, burner, great mullein, blowlamp, homage, celebrity, accolade, Verbascum Thapsus, flannel mullein, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, common mullein, blowtorch; (v) celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, burn.

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ACT III

SCENE I. LONDON. THE PARLIAMENT-HOUSE.% [Flourish. Enter KING, EXETER, GLOUCESTER, WARWICK, SOMERSET, and SUFFOLK; the BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, RICHARD PLANTAGENET, and others. GLOUCESTER offers to put up a bill; WINCHESTER snatches it, tears it.] WINCHESTER. Comest thou with deep premeditated lines, With written pamphlets studiously devised, Humphrey of Gloucester? If thou canst accuse, Or aught intend'st to lay unto my charge. Do it without invention, suddenly; As I with sudden and extemporal speech Purpose to answer what thou canst object. GLOUCESTER. Presumptuous priest! this place commands my patience, Or thou shouldst find thou hast dishonor'd me. Think not, although in writing I preferr'd The manner of thy vile outrageous crimes,

Thesaurus commands: (n) orders, instructions, appealing, commendable, admirable. assiduously, busily, earnestly, premeditated: (adj) intentional, carefully, eagerly, bookishly; (adj, information, guidelines. extemporal: (adj) extemporaneous. adv) designedly; (adj) knowingly, planned, designed, conscious, others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, calculated, studied, intended, purposely, wittingly. prearranged; (v) prepense; (adj, v) vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission. outrageous: (adj) inordinate, atrocious, aforethought, premeditate. (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, ANTONYMS: (adj) accidental, ridiculous, monstrous, offensive, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, gross, excessive, extravagant, absurd, ingenuous, spontaneous, unconscionable; (adj, v) furious. unintentional, unpremeditated, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, ANTONYMS: (adj) acceptable, automatic, casual. honorable, good, delightful, snatches: (n) grasp, gain, catch. reasonable, normal, credible, good, admirable, noble. studiously: (adv) industriously, honorable, lovely, complimentary,

58

King Henry VI, Part I

That therefore I have forged, or am not able Verbatim to rehearse the method of my pen: No, prelate; such is thy audacious wickedness, Thy lewd, pestiferous and dissentious pranks, As very infants prattle of thy pride. Thou art a most pernicious usurer, Froward by nature, enemy to peace; Lascivious, wanton, more than well beseems A man of thy profession and degree; And for thy treachery, what's more manifest In that thou laid'st a trap to take my life, As well at London-bridge as at the Tower. Beside, I fear me, if thy thoughts are sifted The king, thy sovereign, is not quite exempt From envious malice of thy swelling heart.% WINCHESTER. Gloucester, I do defy thee. Lords, vouchsafe To give me hearing what I shall reply. If I were covetous, ambitious, or perverse, As he will have me, how am I so poor? Or how haps it I seek not to advance Or raise myself, but keep my wonted calling? And for dissension, who preferreth peace More than I do?--except I be provoked. No, my good lords, it is not that offends; It is not that that hath incensed the duke: It is, because no one should sway but he; No one but he should be about the king; And that engenders thunder in his breast, And makes him roar these accusations forth. But he shall know I am as good--

Thesaurus covetous: (adj) avid, envious, greedy, grasping, acquisitive, miserly, hungry, jealous; (adj, n) desirous; (adj, v) sordid, mercenary. ANTONYMS: (adj) giving, benevolent, sharing. dissension: (n) dispute, disagreement, conflict, contention, dissonance, faction, friction, misunderstanding, division; (n, v) difference, variance. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, accord, harmony, consent, comity. dissentious: (adj) factious, contentious,

discordant, divisive, incendiary, insubordinate, quarrelsome, dissensious. lewd: (adj) indecent, dirty, bawdy, filthy, abandoned, carnal, lustful, impure, debauched; (adj, v) lecherous, dissolute. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, refined, chaste, clean. pestiferous: (adj) annoying, pernicious, contagious, noisome, harmful, vexing, vexatious, destructive, irritating, bothersome,

pesky. prattle: (n, v) gossip, babble, chat, gab, jabber, chitchat; (adj, n, v) chatter, prate, palaver; (v) cackle, clack. prelate: (n) primate, clergyman, high priest, archpriest, hierarch, reverend, archbishop, minister, diocesan, usher, reverence. wonted: (adj, n) habitual, ordinary, usual, familiar; (adj) everyday, general, conventional, routine; (n) accustomed, common, regular.

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GLOUCESTER. As good! Thou bastard of my grandfather! WINCHESTER. Aye, lordly sir; for what are you, I pray, But one imperious in another's throne? GLOUCESTER. Am I not protector, saucy priest? WINCHESTER. And am not I a prelate of the church? GLOUCESTER. Yes, as an outlaw in a castle keeps And useth it to patronage his theft.% WINCHESTER. Unreverent Gloster! GLOUCESTER. Thou art reverent Touching thy spiritual function, not thy life. WINCHESTER. Rome shall remedy this. WARWICK. Roam thither, then. SOMERSET. My lord, it were your duty to forbear. WARWICK. Ay, see the bishop be not overborne. SOMERSET. Methinks my lord should be religious, And know the office that belongs to such.

Thesaurus forbear: (v) refrain, desist, help, saucy: (adj, n) pert; (adj) bold, domineering, disdainful, arrogant, imperious, lofty. ANTONYM: (adj) tolerate, abide, eschew, endure, impudent, audacious, insolent, fresh, relinquish; (n) predecessor, humble. forward, impertinent, flippant, rude, outlaw: (v) forbid, disallow, proscribe; brazen. ANTONYM: (adj) respectful. progenitor, forebear. imperious: (adj) haughty, (n) felon, criminal, bandit, desperado, thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that domineering, authoritative, arbitrary, fugitive, lawbreaker; (n, v) exile; (adj, point, in that respect, at that place, in v) banish. ANTONYMS: (v) legalize, that location; (adj) further, ulterior, imperative, masterful, dictatorial, commanding, lordly, magisterial, permit, approve. remoter, succeeding, more distant. despotic. ANTONYM: (adj) patronage: (n) condescension, aegis, throne: (v) enthrone; (n) can, stool, subservient. clientele, favor, trade, backing, place, fecal matter, potty, chair, lordly: (adj, v) dignified, proud, noble; assistance, countenance, auspices, cathedra, lavatory, crapper, pot. (adj) haughty, grand, August, aid, championship.

60

King Henry VI, Part I

WARWICK. Methinks his lordship should be humbler; It fitteth not a prelate so to plead.% SOMERSET. Yes, when his holy state is touch'd so near. WARWICK. State holy or unhallow'd, what of that? Is not his grace protector to the king? PLANTAGENET. [Aside] Plantagenet, I see, must hold his tongue, Lest it be said, 'Speak, sirrah, when you should: Must your bold verdict enter talk with lords?' Else would I have a fling at Winchester. KING. Uncles of Gloucester and of Winchester, The special watchmen of our English weal, I would prevail, if prayers might prevail, To join your hearts in love and amity. O, what a scandal is it to our crown, That two such noble peers as ye should jar! Believe me, lords, my tender years can tell Civil dissension is a viperous worm That gnaws the bowels of the commonwealth. [A noise within, 'Down with the tawny-coats!' What tumult's this? WARWICK. An uproar, I dare warrant, Begun through malice of the bishop's men. [A noise again, 'Stones! stones!' Enter MAYOR.]

Thesaurus again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also, often, once again, once more. fling: (n, v) toss, throw, pitch, slam, hurl; (v) chuck, shoot, dash, rush, discard; (n) crack. ANTONYM: (v) collect. lordship: (n) ownership, supremacy, domain, dominance, manor, worship, authority, power, dynasty, grandeeship, headship. malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity,

tumult; (n) din, noise, turmoil, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, commotion, disorder, confusion; (adj, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, n) row; (n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n) benevolence, affection, goodness. calm, peace, serenity, order. tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v) verdict: (n) finding, decision, affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, judgment, conclusion, determination, soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, decree, resolution, ruling, sentence, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) judgement, finding of fact. ANTONYM: (n) request. hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, viperous: (adj) venomous, poisonous, cold, experienced; (v) withdraw. viperish, malignant, dangerous, uproar: (adj, n, v) hubbub, disturbance, hostile.

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MAYOR. O, my good lords, and virtuous Henry, Pity the city of London, pity us! The bishop and the Duke of Gloucester's men, Forbidden late to carry any weapon, Have fill'd their pockets full of pebble stones, And banding themselves in contrary parts Do pelt so fast at one another's pate That many have their giddy brains knock'd out: Our windows are broke down in every street, And we for fear compell'd to shut our shops.% [Enter SERVING-MEN, in skirmish, with bloody pates.] KING. We charge you, on allegiance to ourself, To hold your slaughtering hands and keep the peace. Pray, uncle Gloucester, mitigate this strife. FIRST SERVING-MAN. Nay, if we be forbidden stones, we 'll fall to it with our teeth. SECOND SERVING-MAN. Do what ye dare, we are as resolute. [Skirmish again.] GLOUCESTER. You of my household, leave this peevish broil And set this unaccustom'd fight aside. THIRD SERVING-MAN. My lord, we know your grace to be a man Just and upright; and, for your royal birth, Inferior to none but to his Majesty: And ere that we will suffer such a prince, So kind a father of the commonweal,

Thesaurus banding: (n) stripe, ring, circle, strip, moderate, soften. ANTONYMS: (v) ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, uncertain, strapping, neckband, adornment, increase, intensify, aggravate. uncommitted, timid, fickle, feeble, banded structure, banding treatment, pebble: (n) boulder, crystal, flint, rock, indecisive, flexible, flippant, hesitant, lace, binding. scree, cobblestone, calculus, crag, undecided. giddy: (adj, v) flighty; (adj) dizzy, faint, granite, pebblestone; (adj) quartz. stones: (n) shingle, grit. pelt: (n) hide, skin, fell, coat; (v) strife: (n) discord, disagreement, silly, changeable, vertiginous, featherbrained, light, fickle, pepper, bombard, hurry, beat, hit, dissension, conflict, competition, capricious; (adv) careless. feud, fight; (adj, n, v) dispute, debate; batter, pour. ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, dull. resolute: (adj, n) constant, firm, fixed, (n, v) controversy; (adj, n) quarrel. mitigate: (n, v) alleviate, palliate, steady; (adj, v) determined; (adj) ANTONYMS: (n) accord, appease; (adj, n, v) assuage, allay; (v) inflexible, brave, adamant, dogged, cooperation, calm, peace. lessen, relieve, abate, lighten; (adj, v) unbending, courageous.

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To be disgraced by an inkhorn mate, We and our wives and children all will fight, And have our bodies slaughter'd by thy foes.% FIRST SERVING-MAN. Aye, and the very parings of our nails Shall pitch a field when we are dead. [Begin again.] GLOUCESTER. Stay, stay, I say! And if you love me, as you say you do, Let me persuade you to forbear awhile. KING. O, how this discord doth afflict my soul! Can you, my Lord of Winchester, behold My sighs and tears and will not once relent? Who should be pitiful, if you be not? Or who should study to prefer a peace, If holy churchmen take delight in broils? WARWICK. Yield, my lord protector; yield, Winchester; Except you mean with obstinate repulse To slay your sovereign and destroy the realm. You see what mischief and what murder too Hath been enacted through your enmity; Then be at peace, except ye thirst for blood. WINCHESTER. He shall submit, or I will never yield. GLOUCESTER. Compassion on the king commands me stoop;

Thesaurus afflict: (n, v) pain, distress; (v) trouble, concord; (v) match. disgraced: (adj) shamed, dishonored, grieve, torment, hurt, strike, aggrieve, smite, bother, disturb. abashed, ashamed, damaged, ANTONYMS: (v) aid, comfort, dishonest, humiliated, mortified, encourage, help, soothe. disfigured. bodies: (n) people, public. obstinate: (adj) obdurate, inflexible, discord: (n, v) conflict, clash; (n) intractable, determined, inveterate, disagreement, variance, division, disobedient, willful, stubborn, difference, dissension, dissonance, contrary, wayward, dogged. strife, split, contention. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (adj) flexible, (n) agreement, harmony, unity, amenable, irresolute, cooperative, accord, concordance, consent, silence, easygoing, docile, biddable,

agreeable, accommodating, malleable, gentle. parings: (n) residue. pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, miserable, distressing, mean, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, impressive. wives: (n) woman.

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Or I would see his heart out, ere the priest Should ever get that privilege of me.% WARWICK. Behold, my Lord of Winchester, the duke Hath banish'd moody discontented fury, As by his smoothed brows it doth appear: Why look you still so stem and tragical? GLOUCESTER. Here, Winchester, I offer thee my hand. KING. Fie, uncle Beaufort! I have heard you preach That malice was a great and grievous sin; And will not you maintain the thing you teach, But prove a chief offender in the same? WARWICK. Sweet king! the bishop hath a kindly gird. For shame, my lord of Winchester, relent! What, shall a child instruct you what to do? WINCHESTER. Well, Duke of Gloucester, I will yield to thee; Love for thy love and hand for hand I give. GLOUCESTER. [Aside] Aye, but, I fear me, with a hollow heart.-See here, my friends and loving countrymen; This token serveth for a flag of truce Betwixt ourselves and all our followers: So help me God, as I dissemble not!

Thesaurus brows: (n) brow. expose, reveal. discontented: (adj, v) querulous, grievous: (adj) bitter, dolorous, complaining; (adj) disaffected, dreadful, deplorable, sad, tough, disgruntled, malcontent, unsatisfied, pitiful, atrocious, regrettable, sorrowful, sorry. ANTONYM: (adj) dissatisfied, displeased, miserable, put out, ungratified. ANTONYMS: successful. (adj) pleased, satisfied, happy, instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, content. advise, enlighten, direct, drill, dissemble: (v) feign, assume, conceal, inform, command, indoctrinate, disguise, camouflage, dissimulate, tutor. moody: (adj) gloomy, dark, irritable, act, hide, sham, pretend, mask. ANTONYMS: (v) show, demonstrate, morose, capricious, glum, grumpy,

fickle, petulant, dour, sullen. ANTONYMS: (adj) equable, happy, reliable, stable, calm. offender: (n) delinquent, malefactor, criminal, convict, felon, crook, wrongdoer, malfeasant, perpetrator, outlaw, villain. smoothed: (adj) round, smoothened, curved. ANTONYM: (adj) sharp. tragical: (v) ruinous, disastrous, calamitous; (n) sadder; (adj) tragedious, like tragedy, sad.

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WINCHESTER. [Aside] So help me God, as I intend it not! KING. O loving uncle, kind Duke of Gloucester, How joyful am I made by this contract! Away, my masters! trouble us no more; But join in friendship, as your lords have done.% FIRST SERVING-MAN. Content: I'll to the surgeon's. SECOND SERVING-MAN. And so will I. THIRD SERVING-MAN. And I will see what physic the tavern affords. [Exeunt SERVING-MEN, MAYOR, etc.] WARWICK. Accept this scroll, most gracious sovereign; Which in the right of Richard Plantagenet. We do exhibit to your majesty. GLOUCESTER. Well urged, my Lord of Warwick: for, sweet prince, An if your Grace mark every circumstance, You have great reason to do Richard right: Especially for those occasions At Eltham place I told your majesty. KING. And those occasions, uncle, were of force; Therefore, my loving lords, our pleasure is That Richard be restored to his blood.

Thesaurus exhibit: (adj, n, v) display; (v) evince, kind, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) evidence, expose, demonstrate, tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, disclose, flaunt, announce, present, show, produce. ANTONYMS: (v) uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, hide, cover; (n) concealment, hiding. rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, joyful: (adj) gay, glad, elated, cheerful, disapproving, callous. majesty: (adj, n) grandeur, splendor, gleeful, cheery, delighted, joyous, nobility; (n) dignity, loftiness, jolly, blissful, blithe. ANTONYMS: (adj) miserable, sorrowful, unhappy, magnificence, stateliness, greatness, despairing, unpleasant, staid, sorry, king, royalty, highness. ANTONYMS: (n) austerity, disappointed, depressed, heavy. loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, simplicity.

masters: (n) Edgar lee Masters. physic: (n) medicine, aperient, cathartic, medication, healing, medicament, drug; (n, v) cure, doctor, remedy; (v) heal. scroll: (n, v) roll, list, roller, record; (n) curlicue, curl, archive, helix, book, whorl; (v) role. tavern: (n) hotel, saloon, bar, inn, pub, public house, pothouse, taphouse, cabaret, khan, hostelry.

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WARWICK. Let Richard be restored to his blood; So shall his father's wrongs be recompensed.% WINCHESTER. As will the rest, so willeth Winchester. KING. If Richard will be true, not that alone But all the whole inheritance I give That doth belong unto the house of York, From whence you spring by lineal descent. PLANTAGENET. Thy humble servant vows obedience And humble service till the point of death. KING. Stoop then and set your knee against my foot; And, in reguerdon of that duty done, I girt thee with the valiant sword of York: Rise, Richard, like a true Plantagenet, And rise created princely Duke of York. PLANTAGENET. And so thrive Richard as thy foes may fall! And as my duty springs, so perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty! ALL. Welcome, high prince, the mighty Duke of York! SOMERSET. [Aside] Perish, base prince, ignoble Duke of York! GLOUCESTER. Now will it best avail your majesty

Thesaurus girt: (n, v) girth, girdle; (v) gird, hereditary, straight, directly, racial, guerdon, remuneration, reward. begird, encircle, environ; (n) band, thrive: (adj, v) prosper; (v) flourish, extended senses, exact. belt, zone, cingle; (adj) braced. mighty: (adj) immense, huge, grand, grow, advance, blossom, succeed, grudge: (v) begrudge, covet; (n, v) intense, high, big, forcible, strong, increase, bloom, get ahead, boom; spite; (n) malice, anger, umbrage, large, great; (adj, adv) powerful. (adj) luxuriate. ANTONYMS: (v) resentment, rancor, gall, pique, feud. ANTONYMS: (adj) puny, tiny, weak, deteriorate, fail, languish, struggle, ignoble: (adj) contemptible, abject, insignificant. decrease. perish: (v) expire, pass away, decease, whence: (adv) wherefrom, hence, base, dishonorable, disgraceful, beggarly, mean, humble, degraded, go, fade, decay, depart, fall, pass, because, for, why, wherefore, how, ruin, annihilate. ANTONYMS: (v) despicable, caddish. ANTONYMS: then, then thence so, how comes it, (adj) honorable, glorious. survive, live, appear. how happens it. lineal: (adj, v) linear; (adj) ancestral, reguerdon: (n) recompense, meed,

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To cross the seas and to be crown'd in France: The presence of a king engenders love Amongst his subjects and his loyal friends, As it disanimates his enemies.% KING. When Gloucester says the word, King Henry goes; For friendly counsel cuts off many foes. GLOUCESTER. Your ships already are in readiness. [Sennet. Flourish. Exeunt all but EXETER.] EXETER. Aye, we may march in England or in France, Not seeing what is likely to ensue. This late dissension grown betwixt the peers Burns under feigned ashes of forged love, And will at last break out into a flame; As fest'red members rot but by degree, Till bones and flesh and sinews fall away, So will this base and envious discord breed. And now I fear that fatal prophecy Which in the time of Henry named the fifth Was in the mouth of every sucking babe; That Henry born at Monmouth should win all And Henry born at Windsor lose all: Which is so plain, that Exeter doth wish His days may finish ere that hapless time. [Exit.]

SCENE II. FRANCE. BEFORE ROUEN.

Thesaurus betwixt: (n) midst; (prep) among, pretended. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYM: (adj) real. amid; (adv) atwixt. hapless: (adj) unlucky, poor, wretched, sincere, genuine, natural, cuts: (n) film waste. wholehearted, heartfelt, real. luckless, miserable, sad, unhappy, illenvious: (adj) covetous, invidious, flourish: (n, v) display; (v) thrive, fated, inauspicious, jinxed, untoward. ANTONYM: (adj) fortunate. jaundiced, malicious, begrudge, prosper, boast, wave, brag, wield, boom, grow; (adj, v) bloom; (adv, v) readiness: (n) facility, ease, expedition, greedy, resentful, grudging, green, shake. ANTONYMS: (v) decline, begrudging, enviable. ANTONYMS: preparation, promptness, knack, (adj) fulfilled, satisfied, undesirous, struggle, deteriorate, wilt, pine, fade, dexterity, eagerness, quickness, fitness; (adj, n) alacrity. ANTONYMS: contented. flounder, decrease, dwindle. feigned: (adj) false, affected, assumed, forged: (adj) false, bogus, phony, fake, (n) reluctance, delay. dummy, unnatural, fictitious; (adj, v) sham, fabricated, mock, spurious, sucking: (n) suck, intake, uptake, sham, counterfeit, spurious, mock, ben trovato, imitative, bad. aspiration, ingestion, consumption.

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[Enter LA PUCELLE disguised, with four SOLDIERS with sacks upon their backs.] PUCELLE. These are the city gates, the gates of Rouen, Through which our policy must make a breach: Take heed, be wary how you place your words; Talk like the vulgar sort of market men That come to gather money for their corn. If we have entrance, as I hope we shall, And that we find the slothful watch but weak, I 'll by a sign give notice to our friends, That Charles the Dauphin may encounter them.% FIRST SOLDIER. Our sacks shall be a mean to sack the city, And we be lords and rulers over Rouen; Therefore we 'll knock. [Knocks.] WATCH. [Within] Qui est la? PUCELLE. Paysans, pauvres gens de France; Poor market folks that come to sell their corn. WATCH. Enter, go in; the market bell is rung. PUCELLE. Now, Rouen, I 'll shake thy bulwarks to the ground. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus disguised: (adj) cloaked, concealed, heed: (n, v) consideration, concern, slothful: (adj) indolent, idle, sluggish, regard, mind, attention, notice; (n) masked, secret, hidden, veiled, in slack, inactive, slow, otiose, faineant, disguise, incognito, blind; (adj, v) caution, advertence, advertency; (v) inert, listless; (adj, v) remiss. private; (n) groggy. ANTONYMS: attend, hear. ANTONYMS: (n, v) ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, lively, (adj) recognizable, unmasked, disregard; (n) inattentiveness. industrious. rung: (n) rundle, grade, degree, stage, vulgar: (adj) rude, coarse, plebeian, uncovered, uncloaked, revealed, open, obvious. stair, spoke, stave, crosspiece, tread, nasty, common, foul, indecent, gross, folks: (n) people, folk, tribe, relations, step; (adj) ringed. unrefined; (adj, n) low, vile. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, household, house, relatives, relative, sack: (v) plunder, dismiss, ransack, despoil, rob; (n, v) bag, discharge, kindred, lineage, kin. sophisticated, tasteful, polite, gens: (n) name, epithet, figure, family fire; (n) pocket, sac, pouch. aesthetic, muted, fashionable, decent, ANTONYMS: (v) hire, detain. line, folk. artistic, pleasant, clean.

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[Enter CHARLES, the BASTARD OF ORLEANS, ALENCON, REIGNIER, and forces.] CHARLES. Saint Denis bless this happy stratagem! And once again we 'll sleep secure in Rouen.% BASTARD. Here enter'd Pucelle and her practisants; Now she is there, how will she specify Here is the best and safest passage in? REIGNIER. By thrusting out a torch from yonder tower; Which, once discern'd, shows that her meaning is, No way to that, for weakness, which she enter'd. [Enter LA PUCELLE, on the top, thrusting out a torch burning.] PUCELLE. Behold, this is the happy wedding torch That joineth Rouen unto her countrymen, But burning fatal to the Talbotites! [Exit.] BASTARD. See, noble Charles, the beacon of our friend; The burning torch in yonder turret stands. CHARLES. Now shine it like a comet of revenge, A prophet to the fall of all our foes! REIGNIER. Defer no time, delays have dangerous ends; Enter, and cry, 'The Dauphin!' presently, And then do execution on the watch.

Thesaurus beacon: (n, v) guide; (n) cairn, flare, achievement, enforcement, pharos, lighthouse, signal, light, implementation, effect, action, watchtower, beacon light, buoy, sign. carrying out, executing, discharge, bless: (v) consecrate, celebrate, death penalty, capital punishment. ANTONYM: (n) omission. sanctify, anoint, eulogize, sign, praise, keep, grant, glorify; (n) fatal: (adj) deadly, pestilent, lethal, blessing. ANTONYMS: (v) curse, disastrous, destructive, dangerous, condemn, disapprove, damn, deathly, fateful, murderous, critical; (adj, v) mortal. ANTONYMS: (adj) disallow, deny. comet: (n) Ariel, iris, Dendrocometes, harmless, nourishing, healthful, celestial body. benign, uncritical, mild. execution: (n) accomplishment, thrusting: (n) thrust, push, jab, poke,

jabbing, stab, driving force, scoke, sack, punch, Phytolacca Americana. turret: (adj) steeple, spire, campanile, obelisk, pillar, monument, minaret, column; (n) gun turret, gun enclosure, garret. wedding: (adj) bridal, marital, matrimonial; (n) matrimony, nuptials, marriage ceremony, wedding ceremony, wedlock, remarriage, espousal; (adj, n) nuptial.

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[Alarum. Exeunt.] [An alarum. Enter TALBOT in an excursion.] TALBOT. France, thou shalt rue this treason with thy tears, If Talbot but survive thy treachery. Pucelle, that witch, that damned sorceress, Hath wrought this hellish mischief unawares, That hardly we escaped the pride of France. [Exit.] [An alarum: excursions.] [BEDFORD, brought in sick in a chair. Enter TALBOT and BURGUNDY without: within LA PUCELLE, CHARLES, BASTARD, ALENCON, and REIGNIER, on the walls.] PUCELLE. Good morrow, gallants! want ye corn for bread? I think the Duke of Burgundy will fast Before he 'll buy again at such a rate: 'Twas full of darnel: do you like the taste? BURGUNDY. Scoff on, vile fiend and shameless courtezan! I trust ere long to choke thee with thine own, And make thee curse the harvest of that corn.% CHARLES. Your Grace may starve perhaps before that time. BEDFORD. O, let no words, but deeds, revenge this treason! PUCELLE. What will you do, good graybeard? break a lance, And run a tilt at death within a chair?

Thesaurus choke: (v) asphyxiate, block, stifle, bellarmine, jug, gaffer, seer, artemisia impudent, unblushing; (adj, v) graceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) back up, clog up, gag, suffocate, foul, absinthium, antique, boss, cardinal strangle, smother, obstruct. bellarmine, codger. restrained, abashed, ashamed, ANTONYMS: (v) free, open, release, hellish: (adj, v) diabolic, satanic; (adj) discreet, prudish, apologetic. starve: (v) fast, crave, lust, hunger, unblock. infernal, diabolical, fiendish, darnel: (n) tare, bearded darnel, cheat, demonic, beastly, wicked, unholy, thirst, perish, be hungry, deprive, benumb; (adj, v) pinch; (adj) gripe. Lolium, chess, cheater, cockle, genus detestable; (v) mephistophelian. morrow: (n) morning, future, mean ANTONYMS: (v) feed, eat. Lolium, beguiler, cheating. deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, tilt: (n, v) slant, slope, lean, list, rock, solar day, day. shameless: (adj) bold, immodest, careen, sway; (v) pitch, tip, cant, conduct, background, events, lurch. ANTONYMS: (n, v) surrender; happenings, performance, activities. profligate, depraved, audacious, graybeard: (n) greybeard, old man, (n) agreement; (v) yield. blatant, barefaced, unscrupulous,

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TALBOT. Foul fiend of France, and hag of all despite, Encompass'd with thy lustful paramours! Becomes it thee to taunt his valiant age, And twit with cowardice a man half dead? Damsel, I 'll have a bout with you again, Or else let Talbot perish with this shame.% PUCELLE. Are ye so hot? yet, Pucelle, hold thy peace; If Talbot do but thunder, rain will follow. [The English party whisper together in council. ] God speed the parliament! who shall be the speaker? TALBOT. Dare ye come forth and meet us in the field? PUCELLE. Belike your lordship takes us then for fools, To try if that our own be ours or no. TALBOT. I speak not to that railing Hecate, But unto thee, Alencon, and the rest; Will ye, like soldiers, come and fight it out? ALENCON. Signior, no. TALBOT. Signior, hang! base muleters of France! Like peasant foot-boys do they keep the walls, And dare not take up arms like gentlemen. PUCELLE. Away, captains! let 's get us from the walls; For Talbot means no goodness by his looks.

Thesaurus cowardice: (n) dastardliness, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) countryman, clown, cottar, cotter, explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, poltroonery, pusillanimity, fear, hind, provincial, rustic, muzjik. railing: (n) balustrade, rail, barrier, spirit, cravenness, timidity, fulminate. twit: (v) tease, rally, tantalize, flout, fearfulness, base fear, cowardship. guardrail, banister, fence, pale, ANTONYMS: (n) nerve, bravery, paling, breastwork, handrail; (adj, n) rag, chaff; (n, v) scoff; (n) jeer, gibe, daring, determination. invective. mock, barrack. lustful: (adj, v) lascivious, lewd, taunt: (n, v) ridicule, gibe, flout, insult, whisper: (n, v) murmur, hum, libidinous, wanton; (adj) licentious, mock, deride, sneer, twit, quip; (n) mumble, suggestion, hint, inkling; (v) scoff; (v) bait. ANTONYMS: (n, v) breathe, hiss; (n) rustle, trace, breath. prurient, lickerish, concupiscent, passionate, lusty; (adj, n, v) lecherous. respect, compliment; (v) applaud, ANTONYM: (n) information. ANTONYM: (adj) restrained. comfort. peasant: (n) farmer, churl, bucolic, thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar,

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God be wi' you, my lord! we came but to tell you That we are here.% [Exeunt from the walls.] TALBOT. And there will we be too, ere it be long, Or else reproach be Talbot's greatest fame! Vow, Burgundy, by honor of thy house, Prick'd on by public wrongs sustain'd in France, Either to get the town again or die: And I, as sure as English Henry lives, And as his father here was conqueror, As sure as in this late-betrayed town Great Coeur-de-lion's heart was buried, So sure I swear to get the town or die. BURGUNDY. My vows are equal partners with thy vows. TALBOT. But, ere we go, regard this dying prince, The valiant Duke of Bedford. Come, my lord, We will bestow you in some better place, Fitter for sickness and for crazy age. BEDFORD. Lord Talbot, do not so dishonor me: Here will I sit before the walls of Rouen, And will be partner of your weal or woe. BURGUNDY. Courageous Bedford, let us now persuade you. BEDFORD. Not to be gone from hence; for once I read That stout Pendragon in his litter sick

Thesaurus bestow: (v) give, confer, grant, impart, contribute, donate, apply, award; (adj, v) accord, allow, present. ANTONYMS: (v) deprive, refuse, withhold, retrieve, withdraw. dishonor: (n, v) shame, discredit, degrade, affront, abuse, taint; (v) defile, violate; (n) disrepute, infamy, degradation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect; (n) laurels, reverence, esteem, admiration, worthiness; (v) revere, dignify, credit, reward, award.

litter: (adj, n) brood, jumble; (n) bedding, stretcher, waste, refuse, junk, trash, mess; (n, v) clutter; (adj) disarray. ANTONYMS: (v) clean; (n) space. partners: (n) associates, team. sickness: (n, v) disease, indisposition, malady, disorder, distemper, ailment; (n) complaint, qualm, nausea, disgust, queasiness. stout: (adj, n) sturdy, stocky, hearty; (adj) hardy, strong, robust, obese,

husky, bold, corpulent, fleshy. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, slim, flimsy, cowardly, slight, skinny, fragile, weak. swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, avow, depone, depose, aver. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, deny, compliment. weal: (n) wale, wheal, welt, prosperity, happiness, good, wealth, riches, welfare, injury, trauma.

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Came to the field and vanquished his foes. Methinks I should revive the soldiers' hearts, Because I ever found them as myself.% TALBOT. Undaunted spirit in a dying breast! Then be it so: heavens keep old Bedford safe! And now no more ado, brave Burgundy, But gather we our forces out of hand And set upon our boasting enemy. [Exeunt all but BEDFORD and ATTENDANTS.] [An alarum: excursions. Enter SIR JOHN FASTOLFE and a CAPTAIN.] CAPTAIN. Whither away, Sir John Fastolfe, in such haste? FASTOLFE. Whither away! to save myself by flight: We are like to have the overthrow again. CAPTAIN. What! Will you fly, and leave Lord Talbot? FASTOLFE. Aye, All the Talbots in the world, to save my life. [Exit.] CAPTAIN. Cowardly knight! ill fortune follow thee! [Exit.] [Retreat: excursions. LA PUCELLE, ALENCON, and CHARLES fly.] BEDFORD. Now, quiet soul, depart when heaven please, For I have seen our enemies' overthrow.

Thesaurus boasting: (n) bluster, bravado, rodomontade, swagger, braggadocio, ostentation, show; (v) brag; (adj) swaggering, vaporing, strutting. depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge, return. dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund,

revive: (v) refresh, invigorate, quicken, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, renew, renovate, restore, resuscitate, opening, aborning, developing, animate, awake, repair, recreate. ANTONYMS: (v) demoralize, kill, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth. slay, stagnate, abandon, die, drain. fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at. vanquished: (adj) beaten, design. knight: (n) horseman, horse, chevalier, overwhelmed, routed, overcome, banneret, warrior, steed, knighthood, overpowered, overthrown, defeated, rider, heroin, h; (v) dub. crushed, tried, tired out, practiced.

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What is the trust or strength of foolish man? They that of late were daring with their scoffs Are glad and fain by flight to save themselves.% [BEDFORD dies, and is carried in by two in his chair.] [An alarum. Re-enter TALBOT, BURGUNDY, and the rest.] TALBOT. Lost, and recover'd in a day again! This is a double honor, Burgundy: Yet heavens have glory for this victory! BURGUNDY. Warlike and martial Talbot, Burgundy Enshrines thee in his heart, and there erects Thy noble deeds as valor's monuments. TALBOT. Thanks, gentle duke. But where is Pucelle now? I think her old familiar is asleep: Now where 's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks? What, all amort? Rouen hangs her head for grief That such a valiant company are fled. Now will we take some order in the town, Placing therein some expert officers; And then depart to Paris to the king, For there young Henry with his nobles lie. BURGUNDY. What Lord Talbot pleaseth Burgundy. TALBOT. But yet, before we go, let 's not forget The noble Duke of Bedford late deceased, But see his exequies fulfill'd in Rouen: A braver soldier never couched lance,

Thesaurus amort: (adj) dejected. carried: (adj) conveyed, imported. couched: (adj) understood, unspoken, contained. daring: (adj, n) bold, courageous, adventurous; (adj) audacious, venturesome, intrepid; (n) bravery, audacity, boldness, courage, adventurousness. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, timidity; (adj) timid, cautious, dull, afraid, chicken, fearful, unadventurous, wimpy.

duke: (n) lord, prince, hand, nobleman, fist, chief; (v) pass, box, deliver. exequies: (n) last rites. fain: (adj) willing, prepared, ready, favorable, heart and soul, prone; (adv) gladly, lief, readily, willingly; (v) optative. foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible,

shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, rational, mature, judicious. glory: (n) celebrity, brightness, honor, distinction, glorification, eclat, dignity; (n, v) halo, pride; (v) exult, boast. ANTONYMS: (v) blasphemy, lament, profanity; (n) dishonor, disrepute, ugliness, blame, criticism. therein: (adv) in this, in there.

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A gentler heart did never sway in court; But kings and mightiest potentates must die, For that's the end of human misery.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE PLAINS NEAR ROUEN. [Enter CHARLES, the BASTARD OF ORLEANS, ALENCON, LA PUCELLE, and FORCES.] PUCELLE. Dismay not, princes, at this accident, Nor grieve that Rouen is so recovered: Care is no cure, but rather corrosive, For things that are not to be remedied. Let frantic Talbot triumph for a while And like a peacock sweep along his tail; We 'll pull his plumes and take away his train, If Dauphin and the rest will be but ruled. CHARLES. We have been guided by thee hitherto, And of thy cunning had no diffidence: One sudden foil shall never breed distrust BASTARD. Search out thy wit for secret policies, And we will make thee famous through the world. ALENCON. We'll set thy statue in some holy place,

Thesaurus cunning: (adj) crafty, canny, adroit, ANTONYMS: (n) confidence, faith, maniac. ANTONYMS: (adj) mellow, wily, sly, shrewd, tricky, artful; (n) trustingness, certainty, belief, composed. optimism; (v) believe, entrust, guided: (adj) conducted, directed, led. craftiness, craft, cleverness. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, honest, peacock: (v) strut, swagger, pose; (n) depend, confide. foil: (n, v) thwart, defeat, balk; (v) stupid, unimaginative, gullible, iris, tortoise shell, peafowl, bird of ingenuous, straightforward, candid, baffle, bilk, cross, elude, avert, Juno, tulip, spectrum, peacock sincere; (n) frankness, prevent; (n) contrast, blade. butterfly, chameleon. ANTONYMS: (v) advance, further, sway: (n, v) command, rule, control, straightforwardness. distrust: (n, v) mistrust, discredit; (n) rock, stagger, roll; (v) oscillate, reel, permit, promote. frantic: (adj) desperate, crazy, excited, lurch, shake; (n) reign. ANTONYMS: suspicion, misgiving, disbelief, uncertainty, hesitation; (v) suspect, distraught, frenetic, distracted; (adj, (v) stay, dissuade, discourage. disbelieve, question; (adj) distrustful. v) frenzied, furious, wild, raging; (n)

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And have thee reverenced like a blessed saint. Employ thee then, sweet virgin, for our good.% PUCELLE. Then thus it must be; this doth Joan devise: By fair persuasions mix'd with sugar'd words We will entice the Duke of Burgundy To leave the Talbot and to follow us. CHARLES. Aye, marry, sweeting, if we could do that, France were no place for Henry's warriors; Nor should that nation boast it so with us, But be extirped from our provinces. ALENCON. For ever should they be expulsed from France, And not have tide of an earldom here. PUCELLE. Your honours shall perceive how I will work To bring this matter to the wished end. [Drum sounds afar off.] Hark! by the sound of drum you may perceive Their powers are marching unto Paris-ward. [Here sound an English march. Enter, and pass over at a distance, TALBOT and his forces. There goes the TALBOT, with his colors spread, And all the troops of English after him.] [French march. ENTER THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY and FORCES.] Now in the rearward comes the duke and his: Fortune in favor makes him lag behind. Summon a parley; we will talk with him. [Trumpets sound a parley.]

Thesaurus afar: (adv) off, away, far away, distantly, beyond, Afar off, in the distance, by far, apart; (adj) outlying, far. ANTONYMS: (adv) close, nearby, near; (prep) within. boast: (v) bluster, brag, blow, crow, gasconade, show off, rodomontade, exult; (n, v) vaunt, pride; (n) arrogance. ANTONYMS: (n) deprecation; (v) downplay, lack. earldom: (n) rank, county, domain, demesne, count.

entice: (n, v) lure, attract, seduce, tempt; (v) cajole, bait, draw, charm, coax, allure, captivate. ANTONYMS: (v) dissuade, repulse, discourage, force. honours: (n) first, honors, degree, academic degree. marching: (n) walking, mar, drill; (adj) ongoing, moving. parley: (v) negotiate, converse, confer, consult; (n, v) talk, treat; (n) conversation, interview, colloquy,

meeting, consultation. provinces: (n) distance. rearward: (adj, adv) back; (adj, n) rear; (adv) astern, backwards, abaft, aback, after, rearwards, aft; (n) backside; (adj) reverse. reverenced: (adj) revered, reverend, sacred, sublime, venerated, August, inspiring awe, emeritus, empyreal, empyrean, profoundly honored. sweeting: (n) sweetening treatment, Sweeting treatment.

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CHARLES. A parley with the Duke of Burgundy! BURGUNDY. Who craves a parley with the Burgundy? PUCELLE. The princely Charles of France, thy countryman.% BURGUNDY. What say'st thou, Charles? for I am marching hence. CHARLES. Speak, Pucelle, and enchant him with thy words. PUCELLE. Brave Burgundy, undoubted hope of France! Stay, let thy humble handmaid speak to thee. BURGUNDY. Speak on; but be not over-tedious. PUCELLE. Look on thy country, look on fertile France, And see the cities and the towns defaced By wasting ruin of the cruel foe. As looks the mother on her lowly babe When death doth close his tender dying eyes, See, see the pining malady of France; Behold the wounds, the most unnatural wounds, Which thou thyself hast given her woful breast. O, turn thy edged sword another way; Strike those that hurt, and hurt not those that help. One drop of blood drawn from thy country's bosom Should grieve thee more than streams of foreign gore: Return thee therefore with a flood of tears, And wash away thy country's stained spots.

Thesaurus edged: (adj) cutting, sharp, bordered, ancille, minister, biddy. languishing, languid, marcid, amorously pensive, dull, eager; (n) pointed, bounded, keen, penetrating, lowly: (adj) base, lower, low, inferior, baseborn; (adv) meekly, meanly, sharper, stinging, unkind, bleak. pinning, hankering, craving, desire. enchant: (n, v) charm, conjure; (v) spots: (n) damp, drifter, floater, modestly, poorly, softly, humbly. ANTONYMS: (adj) noble, privileged, floating policy, muscae volitantes, delight, captivate, bewitch, attract, fascinate, allure, beguile, capture, high, aristocratic, refined, exalted, Musca volitans. enrapture. ANTONYMS: (v) undoubted: (adj) unquestionable, comfortable. malady: (n, v) illness, ailment, disenchant, repulse, repel, disgust, undisputed, indisputable, bother, disappoint, annoy, displease. indisposition, distemper; (adj, n, v) undeniable, sure, positive, true, handmaid: (n) handmaiden, servant, disorder; (adj, n) complaint, infirmity; unquestioned, indubitable, definite, (n) sickness, condition, trouble, ill. subordinateness, subsidiarity, unchallenged. pining: (adj, n) longing; (adj) maidservant, maid, housemaid,

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BURGUNDY. Either she hath bewitch'd me with her words, Or nature makes me suddenly relent.% PUCELLE. Besides, all French and France exclaims on thee, Doubting thy birth and lawful progeny. Who join'st thou with but with a lordly nation That will not trust thee but for profit's sake? When Talbot hath set footing once in France, And fashion'd thee that instrument of ill, Who then but English Henry will be lord, And thou be thrust out like a fugitive? Call we to mind, and mark but this for proof, Was not the Duke of Orleans thy foe? And was he not in England prisoner? But when they heard he was thine enemy, They set him free without his ransom paid, In spite of Burgundy and all his friends. See, then, thou fight'st against thy countrymen And join'st with them will be thy slaughtermen. Come, come, return; return, thou wandering lord; Charles and the rest will take thee in their arms. BURGUNDY. I am vanquished; these haughty words of hers Have batt'red me like roaring cannon-shot, And made me almost yield upon my knees. Forgive me, country, and sweet countrymen, And, lords, accept this hearty kind embrace: My forces and my power of men are yours: So, farewell, Talbot; I 'll no longer trust thee.

Thesaurus footing: (n) foothold, base, bottom, expedient, appliance, gear; (n, v) foundation, status, rank, foot, implement. lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, pedestal, situation, relation, root. ANTONYM: (n) top. constitutional, true, right, justifiable, hearty: (adj) heartfelt, healthy, genial, licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) sturdy, cheering, fervent, wholehearted, lusty, enthusiastic, unlawful, prohibited, convivial; (adj, n) well. ANTONYMS: unconstitutional. (adj) unhealthy, frail, old, weak, ransom: (v) redeem, repair, extricate; (n, v) rescue, blackmail, repurchase; sluggish, unwholesome, meager. instrument: (n) channel, deed, tool, (n) deliverance, ransom money, pawn, apparatus, agency, document, assessment, benevolence, excise.

roaring: (n) bellowing, roar, bellow, thunder; (adj) booming, prosperous, thriving, flourishing, deafening, noisy, boisterous. thrust: (n, v) poke, stab, jab, drive, shove, force, punch, boost, cast, dig; (v) ram. ANTONYM: (n) inertia. wandering: (adj) itinerant, nomadic, erratic, rambling, errant, migratory; (adj, v) stray, vagrant, vagabond, unsettled; (n) peregrination. ANTONYM: (adj) resident.

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PUCELLE. [Aside] Done like a Frenchman: turn and turn again! CHARLES. Welcome, brave duke; thy friendship makes us fresh.% BASTARD. And doth beget new courage in our breasts. ALENCON. Pucelle hath bravely play'd her part in this, And doth deserve a coronet of gold. CHARLES. Now let us on, my lords, and join our powers, And seek how we may prejudice the foe. [Exeunt.] SCENE IV. PARIS. THE PALACE. [Enter the KING, GLOUCESTER, BISHOP of WINCHESTER, YORK, SUFFOLK, SOMERSET, WARWICK, EXETER: VERNON, BASSET, and others. To them with his Soldiers, TALBOT.] TALBOT. My gracious Prince, and honourable peers, Hearing of your arrival in this realm, I have awhile given truce unto my wars, To do my duty to my sovereign: In sign whereof, this arm, that hath reclaim'd To your obedience fifty fortresses, Twelve cities and seven walled towns of strength, Beside five hundred prisoners of esteem,

Thesaurus arrival: (n) advent, accession, entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment, coming, comer, entry, reaching. ANTONYMS: (n) exit, leaving, disappearance, conclusion. beget: (v) father, engender, generate, get, produce, procreate, create, sire, cause, breed, bring about. ANTONYMS: (v) extinguish, destroy. breasts: (n) chest, booby. coronet: (n) corona, chaplet, tiara, snood, necklace, circlet, wreath,

diadem, cap of maintenance, laurel, docility, loyalty, allegiance. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, ribbon. deserve: (v) rate, warrant, gain, earn, defiance, naughtiness, resistance, to deserve, demand, justify, bear; (n, divergence, chaos, wildness. v) reward; (n) richly deserve, worth. prejudice: (n, v) harm, hurt, damage; honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, (v) influence, predispose, injure; (n) venerable, glorious, honorable, disadvantage, partiality, distinguished, above-board, good, preconceived notion, discrimination, preconception. ANTONYMS: (n) worthy, right, noble. obedience: (n) meekness, submission, tolerance, fairness, impartiality, justice, broadmindedness; (v) deference, obeisance, acquiescence, subordination, bow, observance, enhance.

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Lets fall his sword before your highness' feet, And with submissive loyalty of heart Ascribes the glory of his conquest got First to my God and next unto your grace. [Kneels.] KING. Is this the Lord Talbot, uncle Gloucester, That hath so long been resident in France? GLOUCESTER. Yes, if it please your majesty, my liege.% KING. Welcome, brave captain and victorious lord! When I was young, as yet I am not old. I do remember how my father said A stouter champion never handled sword. Long since we were resolved of your truth, Your faithful service and your toil in war; Yet never have you tasted our reward, Or been reguerdon'd with so much as thanks. Because till now we never saw your face: Therefore, stand up: and for these good deserts, We here create you Earl of Shrewsbury; And in our coronation take your place. [Sennet. Flourish. Exeunt all but VERNON and BASSET.] VERNON. Now, sir, to you, that were so hot at sea, Disgracing of these colors that I wear In honor of my noble Lord of York:-Dar'st thou maintain the former words thou spakest?

Thesaurus conquest: (n) defeat, triumph, conquering, achievement, reduction, coup, rout, overthrow, subjection, mastery, success. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, defeat, loss, victory. coronation: (n) accession, enthronement, induction, initiation, crowning, enthronization, investiture, installation, enthronisation. resolved: (adj, v) resolute, firm, certain; (adj) fixed, definite, set, decided,

drudgery, grind, labour, travail; (v) conclusive, intent, solved, positive. ANTONYMS: (adj) undecided, plod; (n) effort, exertion. ANTONYMS: (n) pastime, flexible, irresolute, unconfirmed, entertainment, fun, relaxation; (v) uncertain. submissive: (adj) obedient, passive, laze, neglect. victorious: (adj) triumphant, meek, dutiful, obsequious, docile, compliant, resigned, subject, lowly, successful, winning, jubilant, victor, servile. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, fortunate, lifted up; (adj, v) resistant, disobedient, defiant, triumphal, exultant, triumphing, on top. ANTONYMS: (adj) beaten, obstinate, rebellious, wild, intractable, proactive; (adv) bossily. unsuccessful, failing, losing, toil: (n, v) labor, work, drudge, sweat, sorrowful.

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BASSET. Yes, sir; as well as you dare patronage The envious barking of your saucy tongue Against my lord the Duke of Somerset.% VERNON. Sirrah, thy lord I honor as he is. BASSET. Why, what is he? as good a man as York. VERNON. Hark ye; not so: in witness, take ye that. [Strikes him.] BASSET. Villain, thou know'st the law of arms is such That whoso draws a sword, 'tis present death, Or else this blow should broach thy dearest blood. But I 'll unto his majesty, and crave I may have liberty to venge this wrong; When thou shalt see I 'll meet thee to thy cost. VERNON. Well, miscreant, I 'll be there as soon as you; And, after, meet you sooner than you would. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed. barking: (adj) latrant; (n) abay, latration. broach: (v) bring up, mention, raise, suggest, tap, open; (n, v) propose, utter; (n) advance, drift, propound. ANTONYMS: (v) close, suppress. dare: (n, v) venture; (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, risk, resist, make

bold; (n) adventure, daring, defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) avoid, flee, pass, refrain, retreat, obey. dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; (adj) precious, intimate, sweet. liberty: (adj, n) freedom, franchise; (n) license, leave, independence, autonomy, emancipation, latitude, permission, scope, release. ANTONYMS: (n) slavery, domination, constraint, suppression,

dependence. miscreant: (n) rascal, villain, scoundrel, reprobate, wretch, rogue, infidel, scapegrace; (adj) degenerate, nefarious, vicious. sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior. venge: (n) vengeance; (v) avenge, revenge. whoso: (pron) whosoever.

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ACT IV

SCENE I. PARIS. A HALL OF STATE.% [Enter the KING, GLOUCESTER, BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, YORK, SUFFOLK, SOMERSET, WARWICK, TALBOT, EXETER, the GOVERNOR OF PARIS, and others.] GLOUCESTER. Lord bishop, set the crown upon his head. WINCHESTER. God save King Henry, of that name the sixth! GLOUCESTER. Now, Governor of Paris, take your oath, That you elect no other king but him; Esteem none friends but such as are his friends, And none your foes but such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state: This shall ye do, so help you righteous God! [Enter SIR JOHN FASTOLFE.]

Thesaurus bishop: (n) pontiff, primate, chessman, prelate, minister, metropolitan, Martin, lord; (v) wassail, flip, punch. crown: (n, v) top, cover; (v) cap, complete; (n) apex, pinnacle, crest, summit, peak, kingdom, acme. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom; (v) dishonor, dethrone, begin, commence, start, depose. elect: (n, v) pick; (adj, v) select, designate; (v) appoint, resolve, determine, take, prefer, nominate;

(adj, n) chosen; (adj) choice. unrighteous, bad, corrupt, unethical, ANTONYMS: (v) abjure, appoint, unjust, wrong, poor. save: (v) rescue, hoard, conserve, keep, oust, waver. none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, maintain, preserve, free, protect, zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, liberate; (adv, conj, n, prep) except; any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever. (adj, v) economize. ANTONYMS: (v) paris: (n) genus Paris, French capital, waste, squander, use, abandon, City of Light, capital of France. endanger, capture, asphyxiate, righteous: (adj) fair, right, good, aggravate, destroy. moral, virtuous, honest, just, correct, sixth: (n) common fraction, interval, honorable; (adj, n) pious, godly. musical interval, simple fraction. ANTONYMS: (adj) immoral, wicked,

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FASTOLFE. My gracious sovereign, as I rode from Calais, To haste unto your coronation, A letter was deliver'd to my hands, Writ to your Grace from the Duke of Burgundy.% TALBOT. Shame to the Duke of Burgundy and thee! I vow'd, base knight, when I did meet thee next, To tear the garter from thy craven's leg, [Plucking it off.] Which I have done, because unworthily Thou wast installed in that high degree. Pardon me, princely Henry, and the rest: This dastard, at the battle of Patay, When but in all I was six thousand strong And that the French were almost ten to one, Before we met or that a stroke was given, Like to a trusty squire did run away: In which assault we lost twelve hundred men; Myself and divers gentlemen beside Were there surprised and taken prisoners. Then judge, great lords, if I have done amiss; Or whether that such cowards ought to wear This ornament of knighthood, yea or no. GLOUCESTER. To say the truth, this fact was infamous And ill beseeming any common man, Much more a knight, a captain, and a leader. TALBOT. When first this order was ordain'd, my lords, Knights of the garter were of noble birth,

Thesaurus divers: (adj, v) sundry, various, v) garnish, dress. ANTONYM: (v) separate; (adj) several, many, diverse, strip. miscellaneous, not a few, varied; (v) ought: (n, v) need; (v) had better, diversified; (n) diver. should, have, possessed, owned, garter: (n) cestus, halter, running knot, owed, behoove; (n) aught, zero, duty. squire: (n, v) escort; (n) landlord, surcingle, noose, knot, lasso, suspender, star, wreath, crown. gallant, attendant, beau, gentleman, knighthood: (n) chivalry, knight, esquire, landowner, landholder, armiger; (v) attend. nobility, aristocracy. ornament: (n) decoration, adornment, stroke: (adj, n) blow; (n, v) touch, embellishment, decor; (v) beautify, caress, mark, buffet, lick, pat; (n) beat, decorate, deck, embellish, adorn; (n, hit, knock, bang.

surprised: (adj) amazed, dumbfounded, shocked, astounded, stunned, taken aback, bewildered, startled, surprise, aghast, to be astonished. ANTONYM: (adj) unsurprised. trusty: (adj) trustworthy, honest, faithful, dependable, responsible, constant, loyal, true, authentic, solid, sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) untrustworthy, inconstant, corrupt, disloyal.

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Valiant and virtuous, full of haughty courage, Such as were grown to credit by the wars; Not fearing death, nor shrinking for distress, But always resolute in most extremes. He then that is not furnish'd in this sort Doth but usurp the sacred name of knight, Profaning this most honorable order, And should, if I were worthy to be judge, Be quite degraded, like a hedge-born swain That doth presume to boast of gentle blood.% KING. Stain to thy countrymen, thou hear'st thy doom! Be packing, therefore, thou that wast a knight; Henceforth we banish thee, on pain of death. [Exit FASTOLFE.] And now, my lord protector, view the letter Sent from our uncle Duke of Burgundy. GLOUCESTER. What means his grace, that he hath changed his style? No more but, plain and bluntly, 'To the King!' Hath he forgot he is his sovereign? Or doth this churlish superscription Pretend some alteration in good will? What's here? [Reads] 'I have, upon especial cause, Moved with compassion of my country's wreck, Together with the pitiful complaints Of such as your oppression feeds upon, Forsaken your pernicious faction, And join'd with Charles, the rightful King of France.' O monstrous treachery! can this be so, That in alliance, amity and oaths, There should be found such false dissembling guile? KING. What! doth my uncle Burgundy revolt? GLOUCESTER. He doth, my lord, and is become your foe.

Thesaurus amity: (n) friendship, concord, companionship, benevolence, peace, harmony, friendliness, brotherhood, fellowship, sympathy, camaraderie. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, discord, antagonism, war, animosity. dissembling: (adj) dissimulating, insincere; (n) pretense, deception, pretence, deceit, chicanery, feigning, hypocrisy, misrepresentation, pretending. feeds: (n) feeding.

guile: (n) fraud, cunning, craft, duplicity, deception, trickery, deceitfulness, wiliness, craftiness, artifice, slyness. ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, straightforwardness, candor, frankness. honorable: (adj) good, estimable, exalted, respectable, fair, decent, reputable, ethical, honor; (adj, v) great, noble. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, disgraceful, corrupt, degenerate, immoral, humiliating,

dishonest, unethical, decadent, bad, deceitful. superscription: (n) inscription, address, direction, superscript, aim, order, command, endorsement, guidance, image, management. usurp: (v) arrogate, seize, appropriate, take over, commandeer, capture, borrow, confiscate, take, grab; (adj) violate. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relinquish.

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King Henry VI, Part I

KING. Is that the worst this letter doth contain? GLOUCESTER. It is the worst, and all, my lord, he writes.% KING. Why, then, Lord Talbot there shall talk with him, And give him chastisement for this abuse. How say you, my lord? are you not content? TALBOT. Content, my liege! yes; but that I am prevented, I should have begg'd I might have been employ'd. KING. Then gather strength, and march unto him straight: Let him perceive how ill we brook his treason. And what offence it is to flout his friends. TALBOT. I go, my lord, in heart desiring still You may behold confusion of your foes. [Exit.] [Enter VERNON and BASSET.] VERNON. Grant me the combat, gracious sovereign. BASSET. And me, my lord, grant me the combat too. YORK. This is my servant: hear him, noble prince. SOMERSET. And this is mine: sweet Henry, favor him.

Thesaurus behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, ignore, overlook. brook: (v) endure, abide, stomach, stand, tolerate, digest, suffer, support, undergo; (n, v) creek; (n) stream. ANTONYMS: (v) spurn, resist, reject, prohibit. chastisement: (n) castigation, rebuke, discipline, punishment, penalty,

reprimand, chastening, reproval, penalization, lashing, scolding. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, reward. combat: (n, v) fight, clash, encounter, conflict, war; (n) contest, action, brawl, fighting, fray, hostility. ANTONYMS: (n) peace; (v) cooperate, agree, pacify, surrender, compromise, favor. desiring: (adj) envious, insatiable, desirous, eager; (adv) fleshly.

flout: (n, v) deride, jeer, gibe, taunt, scoff, mock, sneer; (v) defy, scorn, jest, scout. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, notice. liege: (n) feudatory, liegeman, vassal, lord, liege Lord, subject, Luik; (adj) loyal, staunch, true, steady. servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress.

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KING. Be patient, lords, and give them leave to speak. Say, gentlemen, what makes you thus exclaim? And wherefore crave you combat? or with whom? VERNON. With him, my lord; for he hath done me wrong.% BASSET. And I with him; for he hath done me wrong. KING. What is that wrong whereof you both complain? First let me know, and then I'll answer you. BASSET. Crossing the sea from England into France, This fellow here, with envious carping tongue, Upbraided me about the rose I wear; Saying, the sanguine colour of the leaves Did represent my master's blushing cheeks, When stubbornly he did repugn the truth About a certain question in the law Argued betwixt the Duke of York and him; With other vile and ignominious terms: In confutation of which rude reproach, And in defence of my lord's worthiness, I crave the benefit of law of arms. VERNON. And that is my petition, noble lord: For though he seem with forged quaint conceit To set a gloss upon his bold intent, Yet know, my lord, I was provoked by him; And he first took exceptions at this badge,

Thesaurus blushing: (adj) rosy, coy, blushful, flushed, red, shy, bashful, overmodest, ruddy; (adv) blushingly, ablush. ANTONYM: (adj) pale. carping: (adj, v) captious, critical, censorious; (adj) hypercritical, picky, irritable, querulous; (n) faultfinding, criticism, cavil, censoriousness. confutation: (n) disproof, contradiction, refutation, falsification, confutement, negation, denial, reproof, chiding, conviction; (v) pick

apart an argument. gainsay, contend, contest, dispute, ignominious: (adj) dishonorable, withstand, resist, grapple, shameful, disreputable, infamous, challenged, reluctate. sanguine: (adj) hopeful, optimistic, base, discreditable, dishonourable, inglorious, black, despicable, bloody, rubicund, confident, crimson, degrading. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, buoyant, sanguineous; (adj, n) red, florid. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, glorious. master's: (n) postgraduate degree. pessimistic, gloomy, doubtful. petition: (n, v) appeal, request, desire, wherefore: (adv, conj) therefore; (adv, claim; (v) ask, beg, crave, apply; (n) n) why; (n) reason, proof; (adv) application, entreaty, invocation. accordingly, consequently, so, repugn: (v) challenge, oppose, wherefor, hence, whence; (conj) then.

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Pronouncing that the paleness of this flower Bewray'd the faintness of my master's heart.% YORK. Will not this malice, Somerset, be left? SOMERSET. Your private grudge, my Lord of York, will out, Though ne'er so cunningly you smother it. KING. Good Lord, what madness rules in brainsick men, When for so slight and frivolous a cause Such factious emulations shall arise! Good cousins both, of York and Somerset, Quiet yourselves, I pray, and be at peace. YORK. Let this dissension first be tried by fight, And then your highness shall command a peace. SOMERSET. The quarrel toucheth none but us alone; Betwixt ourselves let us decide it then. YORK. There is my pledge; accept it, Somerset. VERNON. Nay, let it rest where it began at first. BASSET. Confirm it so, mine honorable lord. GLOUCESTER. Confirm it so! Confounded be your strife! And perish ye, with your audacious prate! Presumptuous vassals, are you not ashamed With this immodest clamorous outrage

Thesaurus began: (v) Gan. contumacious, mutinous, willful, barefaced, impudent, indecent, brainsick: (adj) crazy, dizzy, argumentative, contentious, presumptuous, coarse, impure, demagogical. ANTONYMS: (adj) thoughtless, mad, giddy, unhinged, unabashed, lewd, indelicate. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, disturbed, unbalanced, sick, muzzy, harmonious, agreeing, cooperative. faintness: (n) weakness, debility, distracted. restrained, ashamed. clamorous: (adj) noisy, blatant, loud, paleness: (adj, n) pallor; (n) pallidness, indistinctness, languor, fuzziness, boisterous, insistent, exigent, urgent, blurriness, fogginess, dullness, wanness, whiteness, achromasia, obstreperous, strident; (adj, v) ambiguity, lassitude, infirmity. blondness, lividity, luridness, ANTONYMS: (n) acuteness, strength, lividness, fairness, pale. ANTONYM: clamant, importunate. ANTONYM: (adj) tranquil. (n) strength. harshness, clearness, loudness, factious: (adj) rebellious, seditious, yourselves: (pron) themselves, myself, clarity. immodest: (adj) shameless, bold, divisive, quarrelsome, turbulent, herself.

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To trouble and disturb the king and us? And you, my lords, methinks you do not well To bear with their perverse objections; Much less to take occasion from their mouths To raise a mutiny betwixt yourselves: Let me persuade you take a better course.% EXETER. It grieves his highness: good my lords, be friends. KING. Come hither, you that would be combatants: Henceforth I charge you, as you love our favor, Quite to forget this quarrel and the cause. And you, my lords, remember where we are: In France, amongst a fickle wavering nation; If they perceive dissension in our looks And that within ourselves we disagree, How will their grudging stomachs be provoked To willful disobedience, and rebel! Beside, what infamy will there arise When foreign princes shall be certified That for a toy, a thing of no regard, King Henry's peers and chief nobility Destroy'd themselves and lost the realm of France O, think upon the conquest of my father, My tender years; and let us not forgo That for a trifle that was bought with blood! Let me be umpire in this doubtful strife. I see no reason, if I wear this rose, [Putting on a red rose.] That any one should therefore be suspicious I more incline to Somerset than York:

Thesaurus fickle: (adj, v) erratic, skittish; (adj) volatile, capricious, mercurial, mobile, variable, inconsistent, shifting, giddy, inconstant. ANTONYMS: (adj) untiring, stable, unchanging, consistent, constant, dependable, predictable, placid, loyal, faithful. grudging: (adj) envious, niggardly, unwilling, begrudging, sparing, cheap, scanty, parsimonious, tightfisted, miserly, mean.

ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, expansive, willing. infamy: (n) dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, notoriety, shame, opprobrium, reproach, stain, discredit, baseness; (adj, n) pollution. ANTONYMS: (n) fame, virtue, honor, obscurity, pride. wavering: (adj, v) vacillating; (n) fluctuation, hesitation, vacillation; (adj) irresolute, indecisive, undecided, hesitant, uncertain,

variable, changeable. ANTONYMS: (adj) decided, constant, resolute, stable, decisive; (n) resolution, stability. willful: (adj) perverse, headstrong, voluntary, intentional, obstinate, deliberate, wayward, stubborn, disobedient, premeditated, wilful. ANTONYMS: (adj) involuntary, yielding, willing, unwilling, docile, casual, biddable, justifiable, amenable, agreeable, unintentional.

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Both are my kinsmen, and I love them both: As well they may upbraid me with my crown, Because, forsooth, the king of Scots is crown'd. But your discretions better can persuade Than I am able to instruct or teach; And, therefore, as we hither came in peace, So let us still continue peace and love. Cousin of York, we institute your grace To be our Regent in these parts of France: And, good my Lord of Somerset, unite Your troops of horsemen with his bands of foot; And, like true subjects, sons of your progenitors, Go cheerfully together and digest Your angry choler on your enemies. Ourself, my lord protector and the rest After some respite will return to Calais; From thence to England; where I hope ere long To be presented, by your victories, With Charles, Alencon, and that traitorous rout.% [Flourish. Exeunt all but YORK, WARWICK, EXETER and VERNON.] WARWICK. My Lord of York, I promise you, the king Prettily, methought, did play the orator. YORK. And so he did; but yet I like it not, In that he wears the badge of Somerset. WARWICK. Tush, that was but his fancy, blame him not; I dare presume, sweet prince, he thought no harm.

Thesaurus badge: (n) sign, emblem, insignia, medal, token, plaque, symbol, logo, indication, identification, characteristic. bands: (n) cords, stripes. choler: (n) anger, bile, resentment, rage, madness, dander, spleen, petulance, indignation, irritability, ire. forsooth: (adv) really, actually, certainly, indeed, in truth, truly, by right; (adj) in fact, joking apart; (int)

promise: (n, v) covenant, guarantee, quotha. kinsmen: (n) kin, kindred, family, contract, vow, bargain; (v) augur, assure; (n) engagement, assurance, kinsfolk, people, affinity. orator: (n) elocutionist, speechmaker, plight, word. speaker, lecturer, Cicero, speechifier, respite: (n, v) pause, rest, lull; (n) demagog, demagogue, eulogist; (v) repose, intermission, recess, break, oratrix, oratress. remission, relief, cessation, presume: (v) dare, consider, believe, interruption. traitorous: (adj) faithless, treacherous, think, infer, guess, expect, esteem, conclude, suppose, conjecture. false, treasonable, perfidious, ANTONYMS: (v) appreciate, despair, unfaithful, treasonous, untrue, speculate. renegade, traitor, insidious.

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YORK. An if I wist he did,--but let it rest; Other affairs must now be managed.% [Exeunt all but EXETER.] EXETER. Well didst thou, Richard, to suppress thy voice; For, had the passions of thy heart burst out, I fear we should have seen decipher'd there More rancorous spite, more furious raging broils, Than yet can be imagined or supposed. But howsoe'er, no simple man that sees This jarring discord of nobility, This shouldering of each other in the court, This factious bandying of their favorites, But that it doth presage some ill event. Tis much when scepters are in children's hands; But more when envy breeds unkind division; There comes the ruin, there begins confusion. [Exit.]

SCENE II. BEFORE BORDEAUX. [Enter TALBOT, with trump and drum.] TALBOT. Go to the gates of Bordeaux, trumpeter: Summon their general unto the wall. [Trumpet sounds. Enter GENERAL and others, aloft.] English John Talbot, Captains, calls you forth, Servant in arms to Harry King of England;

Thesaurus jarring: (adj, n) harsh, dissonant, inconsistent; (adj) rough, inharmonious, strident, grating, jolting, raucous, cacophonous, bumpy. ANTONYMS: (adj) soft, usual. presage: (v) foretell, foreshadow, indicate, portend, augur, prognosticate, predict; (n, v) forebode; (n) foreboding, portent, sign. raging: (adj) hot, angry, fierce, irate,

wild, infuriated, enraged, vehement, crush, strangle, oppress. heated; (adj, n) mad, rabid. ANTONYMS: (v) encourage, ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, mild, stimulate, incite, expose, declare, contained. resist, confess, divulge, surrender, rancorous: (adj) malicious, vindictive, advertise, acknowledge. unkind: (adj) cruel, harsh, unfeeling, malevolent, venomous, spiteful, resentful, hostile, virulent, malign, inconsiderate, pitiless, heartless, vengeful, vicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) inhuman, hard, thoughtless, brutal, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, kind, harmonious, loving, willing. shouldering: (n) assumption. considerate, pleasant, friendly, suppress: (v) subdue, silence, quell, thoughtful, tactful, mild, gentle, check, stifle, restrain, subjugate, curb, generous, flattering, compassionate.

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And thus he would: Open your city-gates, Be humble to us; call my sovereign yours, And do him homage as obedient subjects; And I 'll withdraw me and my bloody power: But, if you frown upon this proffer'd peace, You tempt the fury of my three attendants, Lean famine, quartering steel, and climbing fire; Who in a moment even with the earth Shall lay your stately and air-braving towers, If you forsake the offer of their love.% GENERAL. Thou ominous and fearful owl of death, Our nation's terror and their bloody scourge! The period of thy tyranny approacheth. On us thou canst not enter but by death; For, I protest, we are well fortified And strong enough to issue out and fight: If thou retire, the Dauphin, well appointed, Stands with the snares of war to tangle thee: On either hand thee there are squadrons pitch'd To wall thee from the liberty of flight; And no way canst thou turn thee for redress, But death doth front thee with apparent spoil, And pale destruction meets thee in the face. Ten thousand French have ta'en the sacrament To rive their dangerous artillery Upon no Christian soul but English Talbot. Lo, there thou stand'st, a breathing valiant man, Of an invincible unconquer'd spirit! This is the latest glory of thy praise That I, thy enemy, due thee withal; For ere the glass, that now begins to run,

Thesaurus homage: (n) allegiance, obeisance, fealty, accolade, honor, loyalty, worship, veneration, deference, devotion, compliment. invincible: (adj) insurmountable, unbeatable, insuperable, impregnable, irresistible, unconquerable, unyielding, unquenchable, proof against, impassable, invulnerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) defenseless, powerless, weak, feeble.

obedient: (adj) submissive, compliant, divide, maul, wedge, rift, crack, tear. tangle: (v) entangle, embroil, enmesh, good, conformable, tame, acquiescent, dutiful, meek, biddable, embrangle, ruffle, mat; (n) maze, amenable, subservient. ANTONYMS: confusion; (n, v) jumble, muddle, (adj) defiant, assertive, rebellious, knot. ANTONYMS: (n) order, line, peace; (v) unravel, undo, untangle, crooked, intractable, naughty, wild, resistant. straighten. quartering: (n) housing, lodging, tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, quarter, quartered, quarters, coat of decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, arms, blazonry, blazon, arms, seduce, fascinate, attempt. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, quartation, division. rive: (v) rip, rend, split, pull, burst, repel.

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Finish the process of his sandy hour, These eyes, that see thee now well colored, Shall see thee wither'd, bloody, pale, and dead.% [Drum afar off.] Hark! hark! the Dauphin's drum, a warning bell, Sings heavy music to thy timorous soul; And mine shall ring thy dire departure out. [Exeunt GENERAL, etc.] TALBOT. He fables not; I hear the enemy: Out, some light horsemen, and peruse their wings. O, negligent and heedless discipline! How are we park'd and bounded in a pale, A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs! If we be English deer, be then in blood; Not rascal-like, to fall down with a pinch, But rather, moody-mad and desperate stags, Turn on the bloody hounds with heads of steel And make the cowards stand aloof at bay: Sell every man his life as dear as mine, And they shall find dear deer of us, my friends. God and Saint George, Talbot and England's right, Prosper our colors in this dangerous fight! [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. PLAINS IN GASCONY.

Thesaurus aloof: (adj) distant, reserved, cool, ANTONYMS: (adj) unbounded, standoffish, unconcerned, indifferent, unconfined, unlimited, free. hark: (v) harken, hear, hearken, heed, unfriendly, frigid, arrogant, cold; (adv) afar. ANTONYMS: (adj) listen in; (n) look here, look you, look. heedless: (adj) careless, reckless, friendly, involved, approachable, sociable, outgoing, open, inattentive, neglectful, negligent, enthusiastic, relaxed, communicative, thoughtless, rash, regardless, unwary, indifferent; (adj, v) wanton. affable, respectful. bounded: (adj) restricted, limited, ANTONYMS: (adj) heedful, attentive, delimited, encircled, enclosed, mindful, conscientious, prudent, confined, leap, spring, bordered, careful, cautious. kennel: (n) doghouse, ditch, gully, circumscribed, constrained.

fosse, dike, drain, culvert, sewer, gutter, hutch, trough. peruse: (v) examine, look through, inspect, study, leaf, flip, flick, learn, review, to read, browse. ANTONYM: (v) skim. timorous: (adj, v) fearful, shy; (adj, adv, v) cowardly; (adj) afraid, nervous, diffident, bashful, apprehensive, anxious, craven, coy. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, fearless. yelping: (n) cry, wapping.

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[Enter a MESSENGER that meets YORK. Enter YORK with trumpet and many soldiers.] YORK. Are not the speedy scouts return'd again, That dogg'd the mighty army of the Dauphin? MESSENGER. They are return'd, my lord, and give it out That he is march'd to Bordeaux with his power, To fight with Talbot: as he march'd along, By your espials were discovered Two mightier troops than that the Dauphin led, Which join'd with him and made their march for Bordeaux.% YORK. A plague upon that villain Somerset, That thus delays my promised supply Of horsemen, that were levied for this siege! Renowned Talbot doth expect my aid, And I am lowted by a traitor villain, And cannot help the noble chevalier: God comfort him in this necessity! If he miscarry, farewell wars in France. [Enter SIR WILLIAM LUCY.] LUCY. Thou princely leader of our English strength, Never so needful on the earth of France, Spur to the rescue of the noble Talbot, Who now is girdled with a waist of iron, And hemm'd about with grim destruction. To Bordeaux, warlike Duke! to Bordeaux, York! Else, farewell, Talbot, France, and England's honor.

Thesaurus miscarry: (v) fail, founder, abort, fall, flop, break down, go wrong, backfire, fall through, miss, lose. needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar. plague: (v) molest, harass, afflict, hassle, annoy, badger, pester, disturb, beleaguer; (n, v) worry; (adj, n, v) bother. ANTONYM: (v) comfort.

speedy: (adj, v) rapid, prompt, fleet, proclaim, promulgate, show off, swift; (adj) fast, agile, ready, blare. villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, immediate, cursory, hurried, brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, plodding. crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. traitor: (n) betrayer, conspirator, ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero. waist: (n) waistline, shank, middle, Judas, renegade, rat, quisling, deserter, cheat, collaborationist; (adj) belly, isthmus, hourglass, undersurface; (adj) stricture, middle insurgent, mutineer. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalist, patriot. constriction, neck, wasp. trumpet: (n) horn, cornet, bugle, clarion, trump, brass, trombone; (v)

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YORK. O God, that Somerset, who in proud heart Doth stop my cornets, were in Talbot's place! So should we save a valiant gentleman By forfeiting a traitor and a coward. Mad ire and wrathful fury makes me weep, That thus we die, while remiss traitors sleep.% LUCY. O, send some succor to the distress'd lord! YORK. He dies; we lose; I break my warlike word; We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get; All 'long of this vile traitor Somerset. LUCY. Then God take mercy on brave Talbot's soul; And on his son young John, who two hours since I met in travel toward his warlike father! This seven years did not Talbot see his son; And now they meet where both their lives are done. YORK. Alas, what joy shall noble Talbot have, To bid his young son welcome to his grave? Away! vexation almost stops my breath, That sunder'd friends greet in the hour of death. Lucy, farewell: no more my fortune can, But curse the cause I cannot aid the man. Maine, Blois, Poictiers, and Tours, are won away, 'Long all of Somerset and his delay. [Exit, with his SOLDIERS.] LUCY. Thus, while the vulture of sedition

Thesaurus curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) anathema, blasphemy, malediction, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) swear, ban, damn, vituperate. ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, benediction, making; (v) communicate. greet: (n, v) receive; (v) address, acknowledge, hail, welcome, cry, salute, bid, weep, meet, recognize. lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence, earnest living.

remiss: (adj) neglectful, careless, aid, assistance, succour, ease; (v) assist, relieve; (n) ministration, inattentive, delinquent, lazy, lax, consolation. ANTONYM: (n) distress. derelict, heedless, backward, slow, laggard. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) vexation: (adj, n) annoyance, nuisance; diligent; (v) careful, painstaking; (adj) (n) irritation, worry, aggravation, prompt. displeasure, chagrin, chafe, anger, sedition: (n, v) rebellion, insurrection, frustration, botheration. mutiny; (n) disloyalty, fomentation, vulture: (n) predator, marauder, ghoul; (adj) tyrant, despot, harpy, disobedience, treason, instigation, violation, unrest, uprising. inquisitor, precisian, oppressor, ANTONYM: (n) loyalty. martinet, extortioner. succor: (n, v) relief, support, comfort,

94

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Feeds in the bosom of such great commanders, Sleeping neglection doth betray to loss The conquest of our scarce cold conqueror, That ever living man of memory, Henry the Fifth: whiles they each other cross, Lives, honors, lands and all hurry to loss. [Exit.]

SCENE IV. OTHER PLAINS IN GASCONY.% [Enter SOMERSET, with his army; a Captain of TALBOT'S with him.] SOMERSET. It is too late; I cannot send them now: This expedition was by York and Talbot Too rashly plotted: all our general force Might with a sally of the very town Be buckled with: the over-daring Talbot Hath sullied all his gloss of former honor By this unheedful, desperate, wild adventure: York set him on to fight and die in shame, That, Talbot dead, great York might bear the name. CAPTAIN. Here is Sir William Lucy, who with me Set from our o'er-match'd forces forth for aid. [Enter SIR WILLIAM LUCY.] SOMERSET. How now, Sir William! whither were you sent?

Thesaurus betray: (v) deceive, bewray, sell, grass, procrastination, slowing. gloss: (adj, n, v) polish; (n, v) glaze, dupe, reveal, mislead, disclose, accuse, befool, bamboozle. comment, burnish, veneer, shine, ANTONYMS: (v) protect, undeceive, color; (v) annotate; (n) brightness, annotation, finish. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, defend, withhold. buckled: (v) wreathy, frizzly, crepe; overemphasize, exaggerate. (adj) warped, misshapen, malformed, rashly: (adj, adv) hastily, headlong; (adv) thoughtlessly, recklessly, distorted, askew, deformed. expedition: (n) dispatch, travel, impetuously, imprudently, celerity, speed, haste, readiness, carelessly, indiscreetly, headily, quest, tour; (n, v) campaign, journey, heedlessly, wildly. ANTONYMS: crusade. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, (adv) thoughtfully, prudently, late,

pensively, sensibly, responsibly, cautiously, deliberately, patiently. sally: (n) foray, quip, sortie, crack, joke, wisecrack, coupe de main, attack, onset, jaunt, excursion. sullied: (adj) foul, soiled, tainted, stained, besmirched, unclean, filthy, spotted, sordid, flyblown, dim. ANTONYMS: (adj) untarnished, clean. unheedful: (adj) negligent. whiles: (n) while.

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LUCY. Whither, my lord? from bought and sold Lord Talbot; Who, ring'd about with bold adversity, Cries out for noble York and Somerset, To beat assailing death from his weak legions; And whiles the honorable captain there Drops bloody sweat from his war-wearied limbs, And, in advantage lingering, looks for rescue, You, his false hopes, the trust of England's honor, Keep off aloof with worthless emulation. Let not your private discord keep away The levied succors that should lend him aid, While he, renowned noble gentleman, Yield up his life unto a world of odds. Orleans the Bastard, Charles, Burgundy, Alencon, Reignier, compass him about, And Talbot perisheth by your default.% SOMERSET. York set him on; York should have sent him aid. LUCY. And York as fast upon your grace exclaims; Swearing that you withhold his levied host, Collected for this expedition. SOMERSET. York lies; he might have sent and had the horse: I owe him little duty, and less love; And take foul scorn to fawn on him by sending. LUCY. The fraud of England, not the force of France, Hath now entrapp'd the noble-minded Talbot:

Thesaurus assailing: (v) assail; (n) attack; (adj) bestow, contribute, borrow, bring, add, confer; (n) lending. aggressive, assailant, offensive. compass: (n) scope, range, room, renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious; extent, area, circumference, reach; (n, (adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, v) round, grasp, circle; (v) get. eminent, distinguished, great, ANTONYM: (v) lose. notorious, well-known. fawn: (v) crawl, creep, grovel, cringe, ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, cower, crouch, bootlick, kowtow, anonymous, undistinguished. blandish, flatter; (n) deer. sold: (adj) depleted, interested; (v) to ANTONYMS: (v) insult, despise, market. succors: (n) reenforcements, supplies, ignore, domineer. lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart, reinforcements.

withhold: (v) reserve, keep, suppress, deny, retain, hold, detain, restrain, abstain, check; (adj, v) stint. ANTONYMS: (v) transmit, release, show, lavish, add. worthless: (adj, v) futile, vain; (adj) vile, idle, empty, trifling, void, trivial, cheap, miserable, null. ANTONYMS: (adj) precious, useful, worthwhile, priceless, meaningful, helpful, invaluable, deserving, valid, worthy, substantial.

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Never to England shall he bear his life; But dies, betray'd to fortune by your strife.% SOMERSET. Come, go; I will dispatch the horsemen straight: Within six hours they will be at his aid. LUCY. Too late comes rescue; he is ta'en or slain; For fly he could not, if he would have fled; And fly would Talbot never, though he might. SOMERSET. If he be dead, brave Talbot, then adieu! LUCY. His fame lives in the world, his shame in you. [Exeunt.]

SCENE V. THE ENGLISH CAMP NEAR BORDEAUX. [Enter TALBOT and JOHN his son.] TALBOT. O young John Talbot! I did send for thee To tutor thee in stratagems of war, That Talbot's name might be in thee revived When sapless age and weak unable limbs Should bring thy father to his drooping chair. But, O malignant and ill-boding stars! Now thou art come unto a feast of death, A terrible and unavoided danger: Therefore, dear boy, mount on my swiftest horse;

Thesaurus adieu: (int, n) farewell; (n) vale, malignant: (adj) malevolent, limp, flaccid, cernuous, flagging, languid, floppy, lax, tired; (n) droop. malicious, evil, malefic, fatal, spiteful, valediction, goodbye, leave, cheerio, adios, bye, so long, parting; (int) bon ANTONYMS: (adj) taut, firm. virulent, sinister, mischievous, voyage. ANTONYM: (n) greeting. fame: (n, v) credit, celebrity, report, pernicious, venomous. dispatch: (n, v) speed, rush; (n) reputation, renown, cry; (n) send: (v) pass, deliver, forward, consignment, expedition, celerity, distinction, bruit, honor, prestige, convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, quickness; (v) send, accelerate, buzz. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM: (v) deliver, quicken, slay. ANTONYMS: obscurity, anonymity, ignominy, keep. (n) receiving, receipt, dawdling, tutor: (n) teacher, instructor, mentor, dishonor, commonness, oblivion, delay, loitering, silence; (v) keep, trainer, master, guardian; (v) instruct, criticism. ill-boding: (adj) ominous, start, begin, hold, retain. school, educate, train, teach. drooping: (adj) flabby, pendulous, inauspicious, direful, threatening.

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And I'll direct thee how thou shalt escape By sudden flight: come, dally not, be gone.% JOHN. Is my name Talbot? and am I your son? And shall I fly? O, if you love my mother, Dishonor not her honorable name, To make a bastard and a slave of me! The world will say, he is not Talbot's blood, That basely fled when noble Talbot stood. TALBOT. Fly, to revenge my death, if I be slain. JOHN. He that flies so will ne'er return again. TALBOT. If we both stay, we both are sure to die. JOHN. Then let me stay; and, father, do you fly; Your loss is great, so your regard should be; My worth unknown, no loss is known in me. Upon my death the French can little boast; In yours they will, in you all hopes are lost. Flight cannot stain the honor you have won; But mine it will, that no exploit have done; You fled for vantage, every one will swear; But, if I bow, they 'll say it was for fear. There is no hope that ever I will stay, If the first hour I shrink and run away. Here on my knee I beg mortality, Rather than life preserved with infamy.

Thesaurus basely: (adv) vilely, bottomly, revenge: (n) retribution, vengeance, sordidly, shamefully, foully, reprisal, retaliation, repayment, grudge, punishment; (v) retaliate, menially, lowly, depravedly, villainously, badly, poorly. repay, requite, vindicate. dally: (v) flirt, act, linger, trifle, toy, shrink: (adj, v) recoil; (n, v) flinch, wince; (v) contract, shorten, lessen, coquette, hesitate, play, dawdle, waste time, lag. ANTONYMS: (v) diminish, cower, reduce, quail, decrease. ANTONYMS: (v) increase, hurry, rush, hasten, lead. exploit: (n, v) act, achievement, feat, enlarge, grow, stretch, swell, bloom, action; (n) accomplishment, rise, inflate. adventure, effort; (v) exercise, apply, slave: (n) servant, bondman, thrall, use, employ. ANTONYM: (v) waste. bondsman, bondwoman, captive,

vassal; (n, v) labor; (v) drudge, work; (adj, n) inferior. ANTONYMS: (adj) free; (v) slack. stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt, defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean. vantage: (n) superiority, preference, start, handicap, expediency, expedience, advantageousness, odds, asset, tax advantage, head start. ANTONYM: (n) disadvantage.

98

King Henry VI, Part I

TALBOT. Shall all thy mother's hopes lie in one tomb? JOHN. Aye, rather than I 'll shame my mother's womb.% TALBOT. Upon my blessing, I command thee go. JOHN. To fight I will, but not to fly the foe. TALBOT. Part of thy father may be saved in thee. JOHN. No part of him but will be shame in me. TALBOT. Thou never hadst renown, nor canst not lose it. JOHN. Yes, your renowned name: shall flight abuse it? TALBOT. Thy father's charge shall clear thee from that stain. JOHN. You cannot witness for me, being slain. If death be so apparent, then both fly. TALBOT. And leave my followers here to fight and die; My age was never tainted with such shame. JOHN. And shall my youth be guilty of such blame? No more can I be sever'd from your side, Than can yourself yourself in twain divide:

Thesaurus blessing: (n) benediction, approval, tomb: (n) sepulchre, sepulcher, crypt, distinction, eminence, notoriety, mercy, felicity, benison, benefit, luck, kudos, name, popularity, prestige, pit, sepulture, vault, monument, prominence, honor. ANTONYMS: (n) entomb, mausoleum; (n, v) bury; (v) advantage, boon, bless, godsend. ANTONYMS: (n) curse, misfortune, infamy, commonness; (adj) inter. twain: (n) pair, brace, dyad, deuce, disaster, condemnation, adversity, anonymity. saved: (adj) protected, economized, desecration, refusal, veto, twosome, duo, straddle, bitstock, disadvantage. rescued, blessed. coupling, braces, yoke. followers: (n) adherents, people, tainted: (adj, v) rotten, rancid, bad, witness: (n, v) testimony, attest, evidence; (n) bystander, eyewitness, entourage, claque, faithful, disciples, musty, reasty, vitiated; (adj) rank, onlooker, observer; (v) observe, supporters, multitude, attendants, contaminated, faulty, putrid, dirty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unadulterated, notice, see, view. ANTONYMS: (v) support, suite. renown: (n, v) fame; (n) glory, unchanged, untarnished, clean. deny, participate, refute.

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Stay, go, do what you will, the like do I; For live I will not, if my father die.% TALBOT. Then here I take my leave of thee, fair son, Born to eclipse thy life this afternoon. Come, side by side together live and die; And soul with soul from France to heaven fly. [Exeunt.]

SCENE VI. A FIELD OF BATTLE. [Alarum: excursions, wherein TALBOT'S SON is hemmed about, and TALBOT rescues him.] TALBOT. Saint George and victory; fight, soldiers, fight: The regent hath with Talbot broke his word, And left us to the rage of France his sword. Where is John Talbot? Pause, and take thy breath; I gave thee life and rescued thee from death. JOHN. O, twice my father, twice am I thy son! The life thou gavest me first was lost and done, Till with thy warlike sword, despite of fate, To my determined time thou gavest new date. TALBOT. When from the Dauphin's crest thy sword struck fire, It warm'd thy father's heart with proud desire Of bold-faced victory. Then leaden age,

Thesaurus crest: (n, v) crown, top, peak, climax; (n) summit, brow, cockscomb, acme, pinnacle, zenith; (v) cap. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom, nadir, trough. eclipse: (v) darken, overshadow, cloud, shade, outdo, surpass, dim, transcend, outshine, outweigh; (n) disappearance. ANTONYMS: (n) rise; (v) fail, brighten, clear, disclose. heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian

Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery. leaden: (adj) heavy, gray, sluggish, grey, inert, torpid, grave, languid, drab, burdensome, livid. ANTONYM: (adj) bright. pause: (n, v) halt, interruption, adjournment, delay, respite, stop; (adj, n, v) rest; (n) intermission, gap; (adj, v) discontinue; (v) hesitate. ANTONYMS: (n) decisiveness, continuation, start; (v) proceed.

rage: (adj, n, v) fume, bluster; (adj, n) wrath, indignation, frenzy, mania; (n) passion, anger, craze, exasperation; (n, v) storm. ANTONYMS: (n) gentleness, composure, calm, equanimity, pleasure, serenity. regent: (n) trustee, experrection, protector, viceregent, vizier, vicar, superintendent, curator, governor, viceroy; (adj) regnant. rescued: (adj) saved, protected.

100

King Henry VI, Part I

Quicken'd %with youthful spleen and warlike rage, Beat down Alencon, Orleans, Burgundy, And from the pride of Gallia rescued thee. The ireful bastard Orleans, that drew blood From thee, my boy, and had the maidenhood Of thy first fight, I soon encountered, And interchanging blows I quickly shed Some of his bastard blood; and in disgrace Bespoke him thus; 'Contaminated base And misbegotten blood I spill of thine, Mean and right poor, for that pure blood of mine, Which thou didst force from Talbot, my brave boy:' Here, purposing the Bastard to destroy, Came in strong rescue. Speak, thy father's care, Art thou not weary, John? how dost thou fare? Wilt thou yet leave the battle, boy, and fly, Now thou art seal'd the son of chivalry? Fly, to revenge my death when I am dead: The help of one stands me in little stead. O, too much folly is it, well I wot, To hazard all our lives in one small boat! If I to-day die not with Frenchmen's rage, To-morrow I shall die with mickle age: By me they nothing gain an if I stay; 'Tis but the short'ning of my life one day: In thee thy mother dies, our household's name, My death's revenge, thy youth, and England's fame: All these and more we hazard by thy stay; All these are saved if thou wilt fly away. JOHN. The sword of Orleans hath not made me smart; These words of yours draw life-blood from my heart:

Thesaurus hazard: (n, v) chance, venture, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, illegitimate, spurious, bastardly, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) endanger, peril, adventure, bet, deformed, fake, fraudulent, wager; (n) danger, fortune, jeopardy, inauthentic, bogus; (v) miscreated, jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) accident. ANTONYMS: (n) safety, misshapen. energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, security; (v) protect. spill: (n, v) overflow, fall, drop, flow, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, ireful: (adj) irate, angry, heated, stream; (v) shed, empty, upset, pour, enliven, energize, activate, rally. yours: (adj) own. acrimonious, greatly incensed, slop, cast. spleen: (n) spite, anger, resentment, youthful: (adj) immature, fresh, green, incensed, irascible. mickle: (n) muckle, lot, batch, deluge, rage, lien, malice, bitterness, rancour, juvenile, vernal, adolescent, childish, huff, grudge, rancor. ANTONYM: (n) new, tender, sappy, beardless. flood, numerous, much, great, hoi ANTONYMS: (adj) adult, mature, polloi, hole, marihuana. affection. misbegotten: (adj, prep) misbegot; (adj) weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, experienced, sophisticated, late.

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On that advantage, bought with such a shame, To save a paltry life and slay bright fame, Before young Talbot from old Talbot fly, The coward horse that bears me fall and die! And like me to the peasant boys of France, To be shame's scorn and subject of mischance! Surely, by all the glory you have won, An if I fly, I am not Talbot's son; Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot; If son to Talbot, die at Talbot's foot.% TALBOT. Then follow thou thy desperate sire of Crete, Thou Icarus; thy life to me is sweet: If thou wilt fight, fight by thy father's side; And, commendable proved, let 's die in pride. [Exeunt.]

SCENE VII. ANOTHER PART OF THE FIELD. [Alarum: excursions. Enter old TALBOT led by a SERVANT.] TALBOT. Where is my other life? mine own is gone; O, where's young Talbot? where is valiant John? Triumphant death, smear'd with captivity, Young Talbot's valor makes me smile at thee: When he perceived me shrink and on my knee, His bloody sword he brandish'd over me, And, like a hungry lion, did commence Rough deeds of rage and stern impatience;

Thesaurus bought: (n) crook, hook. commendable: (adj, n) praiseworthy; (adj) admirable, creditable, good, worthy, deserving, meritorious, applaudable; (adv) praiseworthily, laudably, admirably. ANTONYMS: (adj) unworthy, despicable, contemptible, disgraceful, rotten, lamentable, poor. coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, dastard, milksop, weakling, milquetoast; (adj) gutless,

chickenhearted, pusillanimous, spectacle. chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) paltry: (adj, n) mean; (adj) daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave. contemptible, measly, trifling, abject, hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, insignificant, inconsiderable, puny, little, trivial, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, desirous, meager, starveling; (v) generous, substantial, plentiful, starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, enormous, important, profound. satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, perceived: (adj) sensed, apparent, moderate, healthy, disinterested. supposed, professed, ostensible. lion: (adj, n) celebrity, hero; (adj) sire: (v) generate, engender, beget, worthy, great card, tiger; (n) Leo, cat, procreate, mother, get, make; (n) king of beasts, curiosity, luminary, forefather, ancestor, patriarch, pater.

102

King Henry VI, Part I

But when my angry guardant stood alone, Tendering my ruin and assail'd of none, Dizzy-ey'd fury and great rage of heart Suddenly made him from my side to start Into the clustering battle of the French; And in that sea of blood my boy did drench His over-mounting spirit, and there died, My Icarus, my blossom, in his pride.% SERVANT. O my dear lord, lo where your son is borne! [Enter SOLDIERS, with the body of young TALBOT.] TALBOT. Thou antic Death, which laugh'st us here to scorn, Anon, from thy insulting tyranny, Coupled in bonds of perpetuity, Two Talbots, winged through the lither sky, In thy despite shall 'scape mortality. O thou, whose wounds become hard-favor'd death, Speak to thy father ere thou yield thy breath! Brave death by speaking, whether he will or no; Imagine him a Frenchman and thy foe. Poor boy! he smiles, methinks, as who should say, Had death been French, then death had died to-day. Come, come and lay him in his father's arms: My spirit can no longer bear these harms. Soldiers, adieu! I have what I would have, Now my old arms are young John Talbot's grave. [Dies.] [Enter CHARLES, ALENCON, BURGUNDY, BASTARD, LA PUCELLE, and FORCES.]

Thesaurus antic: (n, v) clown; (n) prank, jest, lark, fury: (n) anger, exasperation, force, (n) making, success, triumph, rise, romp, joke, trick, jester; (adj) resentment, delirium, furor, frenzy, preservation. indignation, craze; (adj, n) wrath, winged: (adj) swift, rapid, speedy, ludicrous, fantastical, fantastic. blood: (n) birth, gore, nature, origin, ferocity. ANTONYMS: (n) quick, flying, alate, sublime, lofty, kindred, lineage, descent, family, composure, calmness, mildness, alated, aligerous, composed. beau, pedigree; (adj) juice. yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow, calm, pleasure, serenity. borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, ruin: (n) devastation, desolation; (adj, give; (v) surrender, concede, submit, n) downfall; (v) break, consume, give up, grant, cede; (n) output. soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited. clustering: (n) bunch, clusterization, demolish, destroy; (n, v) doom, ANTONYMS: (v) persevere, survive, clunk, Pleiades, tussock, tuft, swad; ravage, destruction, damage. stand, withstand, repel, reject, (v) classification, analysis, division, ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, enhance, prevent, withhold, acquire, oppose, save, restore, improve; (n, v) respect; digestion. veto.

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CHARLES. Had York and Somerset brought rescue in, We should have found a bloody day of this.% BASTARD. How the young whelp of Talbot's, raging-wood, Did flesh his puny sword in Frenchmen's blood! PUCELLE. Once I encounter'd him, and thus I said: 'Thou maiden youth, be vanquish'd by a maid.' But, with a proud majestical high scorn, He answer'd thus: 'Young Talbot was not born To be the pillage of a giglot wench:' So, rushing in the bowels of the French, He left me proudly, as unworthy fight. BURGUNDY. Doubtless he would have made a noble knight: See, where he lies inhearsed in the arms Of the most bloody nurser of his harms! BASTARD. Hew them to pieces, hack their bones asunder, Whose life was England's glory, Gallia's wonder. CHARLES. O, no, forbear! for that which we have fled During the life, let us not wrong it dead. [Enter SIR WILLIAM LUCY, attended; HERALD of the French preceding.] LUCY. Herald, conduct me to the Dauphin's tent, To know who hath obtain'd the glory of the day. CHARLES. On what submissive message art thou sent?

Thesaurus attended: (adj) attent, fraught, tended depredation, despoliation, to. devastation. giglot: (n) fiddle, gig. proudly: (adv) haughtily, arrogantly, hack: (v) chop, cut down, rip, gash, superciliously, boastfully, vainly, mutilate, fell; (adj, v) chop up; (n) splendidly, stately, loftily, snootily, hacker, drudge, nag, incision. disdainfully, conceitedly. harms: (n) ills. ANTONYMS: (adv) humbly, majestical: (adj) stately, exalted, modestly. puny: (adj) weak, petty, feeble, frail, elevated. pieces: (n) debris, trash. tiny, small, minute, measly, runty, pillage: (n, v) loot, ransack, spoil, rape; paltry, trivial. ANTONYMS: (adj) (v) despoil, harry, rob, rifle; (n) muscular, brawny, strong,

significant, fit, huge, enormous, robust, considerable. unworthy: (adj) undeserving, base, disgraceful, ignoble, low, contemptible, despicable, ugly, unmerited, unseemly, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserving, valuable, honorable, estimable, reputable. whelp: (n, v) pup; (n) chrysalis, tadpole, nestling, larva, cur, chicken, hound, tendril; (v) lay, bear.

104

King Henry VI, Part I

LUCY. Submission, Dauphin! 'tis a mere French word; We English warriors wot not what it means. I come to know what prisoners thou hast ta'en, And to survey the bodies of the dead.% CHARLES. For prisoners ask'st thou? hell our prison is. But tell me whom thou seek'st. LUCY. But where's the great Alcides of the field, Valiant Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, Created for his rare success in arms, Great Earl of Washford, Waterford, and Valence; Lord Talbot of Goodrig and Urchinfield, Lord Strange of Blackmere, Lord Verdun of Alton, Lord Cromwell of Wingfield, Lord Furnival of Sheffield, The thrice-victorious Lord of Falconbridge; Knight of the noble order of Saint George, Worthy Saint Michael, and the Golden Fleece; Great marshal to Henry the Sixth Of all his wars within the realm of France? PUCELLE. Here's a silly stately style indeed! The Turk, that two and fifty kingdoms hath, Writes not so tedious a style as this. Him that thou magnifiest with all these titles Stinking and fly-blown lies here at our feet. LUCY. Is Talbot slain, the Frenchman's only scourge, Your kingdom's terror and black Nemesis? O, were mine eye-balls into bullets turn'd,

Thesaurus marshal: (v) dispose, rally, mobilize, preposterous, unreasonable; (adj, n) lifeless; (adj, v) monotonous, arid, fool; (n) imbecile. ANTONYMS: (adj) dry. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, guide, group, muster, order, collect, organize, arrange; (n) Marshall. mature, wise, rational, clever, varied, easy, readable, lively, ANTONYMS: (v) disturb, advisable, profound, reasonable, entertaining, enthralling, brisk, demobilize, disband, dismiss, responsible, significant. concise, exotic, pleasant. stately: (adj) solemn, imposing, terror: (n, v) alarm, scare; (adj, n) disperse. mere: (adj, n) entire; (adj) bare, simple, elegant; (adj, v) noble, dignified, dread, awe; (n) fear, dismay, pure; (n) loch, tarn, boundary, grand, proud, great; (adj, adv) regal, consternation, horror, panic, absolute; (n, v) downright; (adv) majestic, royal. ANTONYMS: (adj) apprehension, scourge. merely; (adj, v) clear. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, security, boisterous, humble, modest, lowly. silly: (adj) ridiculous, absurd, childish, tedious: (adj) tiresome, boring, dreary, delight, calm, confidence. fatuous, irrational, frivolous, idiotic, slow, heavy, humdrum, irksome,

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That I in rage might shoot them at your faces! O, that I could but can these dead to life! It were enough to fright the realm of France: Were but his picture left amongst you here, It would amaze the proudest of you all. Give me their bodies, that I may bear them hence And give them burial as beseems their worth.% PUCELLE. I think this upstart is old Talbot's ghost, He speaks with such a proud commanding spirit, For God's sake, let him have 'em; to keep them here, They would but stink, and putrify the air. CHARLES. Go, take their bodies hence. LUCY. I 'll bear them hence; but from their ashes shall be rear'd A phoenix that shall make all France afeard. CHARLES. So we be rid of them, do with 'em what thou wilt. And now to Paris, in this conquering vein: All will be ours, now bloody Talbot's slain. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus afeard: (adj) afraid. shoot: (v) discharge, flash, drive, dart, unassertive, indecisive, amaze: (adj, v) astonish, surprise; (v) dash, send, photograph; (n) scion, unimpressive, insignificant, branch; (n, v) sprout, hunt. dumbfound, baffle, astound, stagger, subservient. fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, ANTONYM: (v) trickle. puzzle, dazzle, discombobulate, alarm; (adj) astonished. ANTONYM: affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, stink: (adj, n, v) stench; (n, v) smell, (v) expect. horror, consternation, apprehension. odor; (n) malodour, fetor, malodor, commanding: (adj) imperative, ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, niff, odour, foetor; (v) fume, Pong. upstart: (n) mushroom, nouveau riche, imperious, peremptory, bossy, courage, confidence, security. phoenix: (n) perfection, capital of imposing, ascendant, compelling, skipjack, climber, arriviste, social magnificent; (adj, n) grand, Arizona, chimera, genus phoenix, climber, unknown, smart aleck, sleep; impressive; (adv) commandingly. (adj) parvenue, cockhorse. hydra, ideal, jewel, Minotaur, ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, monster.

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ACT V

SCENE I. LONDON. THE PALACE.% [Sennet. Enter KING, GLOUCESTER, and EXETER.] KING. Have you perused the letters from the pope, The emperor, and the Earl of Armagnac? GLOUCESTER. I have, my lord: and their intent is this: They humbly sue unto your excellence To have a godly peace concluded of Between the realms of England and of France. KING. How doth your grace affect their motion? GLOUCESTER. Well, my good lord; and as the only means To stop effusion of our Christian blood And stablish quietness on every side.

Thesaurus affect: (v) move, impress, pretend, act, religious, pious, divine, devotional, strike, fake, feign, stir, dispose; (n) reverent, pure; (adv) piously, sentiment; (n, v) regard. righteously, devoutly. ANTONYM: effusion: (n) effluence, eruption, (adj) earthly. outpour, efflux, outburst, exudation, humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly, extrusion, exhalation, emanation, modestly, submissively, low, shyly, emission, flow. lowlily, naturally, regretfully, emperor: (n) sovereign, ruler, remorsefully, repentantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly, monarch, imperator, mikado, king, Saturnia pavonia, crowned head, haughtily, pompously, emperors, protector, saturniid. ostentatiously, unrepentantly, godly: (adj, adv) holy, saintly; (adj) affluently, brashly, pretentiously.

intent: (n) idea, intention, design, spirit, meaning, import, goal, purpose; (adj, n) attentive; (adj) absorbed, engrossed. quietness: (n) quiet, serenity, calm, calmness, peacefulness, repose, hush, composure, quietude, silence, stillness. ANTONYMS: (n) volume, disturbance, loudness, bustle, wildness, turbulence, noise, turmoil, brashness, boldness, movement. stablish: (adj) settle; (v) ascertain.

108

King Henry VI, Part I

KING. Aye, marry, uncle; for I always thought It was both impious and unnatural That such immanity and bloody strife Should reign among professors of one faith.% GLOUCESTER. Beside, my lord, the sooner to effect And surer bind this knot of amity, The Earl of Armagnac, near knit to Charles, A man of great authority in France, Proffers his only daughter to your grace In marriage, with a large and sumptuous dowry. KING. Marriage, uncle! alas, my years are young! And fitter is my study and my books Than wanton dalliance with a paramour. Yet call the ambassadors; and, as you please, So let them have their answers every one: I shall be well content with any choice Tends to God's glory and my country's weal. [Enter WINCHESTER AMBASSADORS.]

in

Cardinal's

habit,

a

LEGATE

and

two

EXETER. What! is my Lord of Winchester install'd And call'd unto a cardinal's degree? Then I perceive that will be verified Henry the Fifth did sometime prophesy, 'If once he come to be a cardinal, He'll make his cap co-equal with the crown.' KING. My lords ambassadors, your several suits

Thesaurus ambassadors: (n) ambassador. dalliance: (n) delay, play, flirt, flirting, billing and cooing, coquetry, petting, holdup, hanky-panky, necking, love affair. dowry: (n) dot, inheritance, gift, alimony, dowery, portion, jointure, grant, share, endowment, heritage. fitter: (n) adjuster, machinist, sartor, cutter, mounter, erector; (adj) suitable, healthier. immanity: (adj) truculence, ruffianism,

inhumanity. luxurious, opulent, splendid, impious: (adj) godless, ungodly, gorgeous, deluxe, costly, lush, lavish, disrespectful, profane, unholy, sinful, grand, plush. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhallowed, wicked, iniquitous, unadorned, humble, ascetic, meager, irreligious, irreverent. ANTONYMS: scanty, impoverished. (adj) reverent, devout, restrained, wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, good. licentious, unchaste, lewd, knit: (adj, v) tie, lace; (v) plait, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, intertwine, bind, join, pucker, fasten, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: interlace; (adj) stitch, knitted. (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, professors: (n) faculty. decent, clean, careful, observant, sumptuous: (adj) magnificent, justifiable, involuntary.

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Have been consider'd and debated on. Your purpose is both good and reasonable; And therefore are we certainly resolved To draw conditions of a friendly peace; Which by my Lord of Winchester we mean Shall be transported presently to France.% GLOUCESTER. And for the proffer of my lord your master, I have inform'd his highness so at large, As liking of the lady's virtuous gifts, Her beauty and the value of her dower, He doth intend she shall be England's Queen. KING. In argument and proof of which contract, Bear her this jewel, pledge of my affection. And so, my lord protector, see them guarded And safely brought to Dover; where inshipp'd, Commit them to the fortune of the sea. [Exeunt all but WINCHESTER and LEGATE.] WINCHESTER. Stay my lord legate: you shall first receive The sum of money which I promised Should be deliver'd to his holiness For clothing me in these grave ornaments. LEGATE. I will attend upon your lordship's leisure. WINCHESTER. [Aside] Now Winchester will not submit, I trow, Or be inferior to the proudest peer.

Thesaurus clothing: (n) attire, threads, outfit, gear, dress, cloth, duds, habit, wear; (n, v) apparel, vesture. jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant. legate: (n) envoy, delegate, emissary, deputy, minister, representative, messenger, internuncio, consul, nuncio, ambassador. liking: (n, v) inclination; (n) fancy,

appetite, taste, fondness, predilection, affection, partiality, admiration, approval, appreciation. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, aversion, hatred, indifference, detachment, dissatisfaction, antipathy. ornaments: (n) stuff, trim, ornamentation, equipments, dress, disposition, custom, curios, condition, clothing, gaudery. pledge: (n, v) bond, gage, wager, engage, promise, plight, guarantee,

bet, contract; (n) assurance; (v) covenant. ANTONYM: (v) redeem. proffer: (n, v) bid; (v) give, present, advance, extend, propose, provide, submit; (n) overture, proposition, suggestion. ANTONYM: (v) refuse. transported: (adj) ecstatic, rapt, elated, inspirited, spellbound, exultant, puffed up, proud, delighted, elate; (adv) on cloud nine. ANTONYM: (adj) dejected.

110

King Henry VI, Part I

Humphrey of Gloucester, thou shalt well perceive That neither in birth or for authority, The bishop will be overborne by thee: I 'll either make thee stoop and bend thy knee, Or sack this country with a mutiny.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE II. FRANCE. PLAINS IN ANJOU. [Enter CHARLES, BURGUNDY, ALENCON, BASTARD, REIGNIER, LA PUCELLE, and FORCES.] CHARLES. These news, my lords, may cheer our drooping spirits: 'Tis said the stout Parisians do revolt And turn again unto the warlike French. ALENCON. Then march to Paris, royal Charles of France, And keep not back your powers in dalliance. PUCELLE. Peace be amongst them, if they turn to us; Else, ruin combat with their palaces! [Enter SCOUT.] SCOUT. Success unto our valiant general, And happiness to his accomplices! CHARLES. What tidings send our scouts? I prithee, speak.

Thesaurus amongst: (prep) amid, between, parturition. ANTONYMS: (n) death, amidst, surrounded by, in the midst bereavement, ending, finale, finish, of, in the middle of, along with, with; passing, end, decease, conclusion, (v) inter. demise. bend: (n, v) bow, turn, arch, arc, crook, happiness: (n) delight, merriment, twist, elbow; (adj, n, v) curve; (v) ecstasy, welfare, gladness, luck, stoop, crouch; (adj, v) flex. cheerfulness, blessedness, bliss, ANTONYMS: (n, v) square; (v) align, felicity, contentment. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, despair, grief, misery, unbend, leave. birth: (n) beginning, genesis, ancestry, dissatisfaction, seriousness, dullness, descent, extraction, start, onset, discontent, dejection, gloominess, parentage, origin; (v) delivery; (n, v) displeasure.

neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother. powers: (n) authority, capacity, strength, administration. speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v) converse, say, deliver, articulate, recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n) language. stoop: (v) crouch, bend, deign, condescend, descend, squat, couch, cringe, lean, lower oneself; (n) porch. ANTONYM: (v) straighten.

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SCOUT. The English army, that divided was Into two parties, is now conjoin'd in one, And means to give you battle presently.% CHARLES. Somewhat too sudden, sirs, the warning is; But we will presently provide for them. BURGUNDY. I trust the ghost of Talbot is not there: Now he is gone, my lord, you need not fear. PUCELLE. Of all base passions, fear is most accursed. Command the conquest, Charles, it shall be thine, Let Henry fret and all the world repine. CHARLES. Then on, my lords; and France be fortunate! [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. BEFORE ANGIERS. [Alarum. Excursions. Enter LA PUCELLE.] PUCELLE. The regent conquers, and the Frenchmen fly. Now help, ye charming spells and periapts; And ye choice spirits that admonish me, And give me signs of future accidents. [Thunder] You speedy helpers, that are substitutes Under the lordly monarch of the north,

Thesaurus admonish: (v) rebuke, chide, tzar, Danaus Plexippus; (adj) prince. disadvantaged, disastrous, presently: (adv) instantly, directly, remonstrate, remind, reproach, scold, unfavorable, underprivileged, reprimand, reprove, expostulate, inauspicious, unenviable, currently, before long, shortly, soon, censure, caution. ANTONYMS: (v) unsatisfactory. now, at present, readily, just, fret: (n, v) gall, irritate, trouble, worry; actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, praise, approve, commend, (v) agitate, chafe, rub, fray, upset, compliment, flatter, laud, reward, now, formerly. annoy; (n) anxiety. repine: (v) kick, grumble, regret, extol. fortunate: (adj) favorable, lucky, ghost: (n, v) apparition, specter; (n) quetch, murmur, brood, mourn, languish, whine, lament; (n) sink. auspicious, advantageous, favored, shade, spirit, demon, soul, spook, happy, prosperous, fortuitous, well, spectre, goblin, appearance, monster. sirs: (n) gentlemen, messieurs. successful; (adj, n) blessed. monarch: (n) sovereign, lord, emperor, ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, ruler, czar, despot, autocrat, tsar,

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Appear %and aid me in this enterprise. [Enter FIENDS.] This speedy and quick appearance argues proof Of your accustom'd diligence to me. Now, ye familiar spirits, that are cull'd Out of the powerful regions under earth, Help me this once, that France may get the field. [They walk and speak not.] O, hold me not with silence over-long! Where I was wont to feed you with my blood, I 'll lop a member off and give it you In earnest of a further benefit, So you do condescend to help me now. [They hang their heads.] No hope to have redress? My body shall Pay recompense, if you will grant my suit. [They shake their heads.] Cannot my body nor blood-sacrifice Entreat you to your wonted furtherance? Then take my soul, my body, soul and all, Before that England give the French the foil. [They depart.] See, they forsake me! Now the time is come That France must vail her lofty-plumed crest, And let her head fall into England's lap. My ancient incantations are too weak, And hell too strong for me to buckle with: Now, France, thy glory droopeth to the dust. [Exit.] [Excursions. Re-enter LA PUCELLE fighting hand to hand with YORK: LA PUCELLE is taken. The French fly.]

Thesaurus condescend: (adj, v) deign, vouchsafe; solemn, heartfelt, diligent, studious, shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, (v) stoop, patronize, patronise, sincere, intense, ardent, staid; (n) wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, guarantee. ANTONYMS: (adj) v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. descend, lower, interact, decline, ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady. bow, agree. flippant, halfhearted, uncertain, diligence: (n) assiduity, industry, insincere, unimportant, nonchalant, spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, attention, application, assiduousness, lethargic, apathetic, unenthusiastic, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, concentration, activity, perseverance, indifferent, frivolous. redress: (n, v) cure, correct, good humor; (v) wine. carefulness, sedulity, industriousness. ANTONYMS: (n) recompense, help; (v) compensate, vail: (n) vale; (v) bounty, help, Easter indemnify, expiate, rectify, atone; (n) offering, oblation, Christmas box, carelessness, indolence, feebleness, slackness, negligence, sloth. indemnification, amends. alms, dole, donative, largess, Peter earnest: (adj, v) devout; (adj) eager, ANTONYM: (v) wrong. Pence.

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YORK. Damsel of France, I think I have you fast: Unchain your spirits now with spelling charms, And try if they can gain your liberty. A goodly prize, fit for the devil's grace! See, how the ugly witch doth bend her brows, As if with Circe she would change my shape! PUCELLE. Chang'd to a worser shape thou canst not be.% YORK. O, Charles the Dauphin is a proper man; No shape but his can please your dainty eye. PUCELLE. A plaguing mischief light on Charles and thee! And may ye both be suddenly surprised By bloody hands, in sleeping on your beds! YORK. Fell banning hag; enchantress, hold thy tongue! PUCELLE. I prithee, give me leave to curse awhile. YORK. Curse, miscreant, when thou comest to the stake. [Exeunt.] [Alarum. Enter SUFFOLK, with MARGARET in his hand.] SUFFOLK. Be what thou wilt, thou art my prisoner. [Gazes on her.] O fairest beauty, do not fear nor fly! For I will touch thee but with reverent hands; I kiss these fingers for eternal peace,

Thesaurus banning: (n) ban, prohibition, forbidding, prohibiting, inhibition, interdiction, bachelor of arts in nursing, ineligibility, disqualification, forbiddance. dainty: (adj, v) nice; (adj, n, v) delicacy; (adj) fastidious, savory, tasteful, squeamish, particular, mincing, refined; (adj, n) tidbit; (n) luxury. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, vulgar, rough, inelegant, harsh, gross, awkward, accepting, heavy, careless,

thick. obedience, beneficence, help. enchantress: (n) siren, Delilah, fairy, plaguing: (adj) galling. witch, occultist, woman, lamia, sibyl, reverent: (adj, v) pious, devout, religious; (adj) respectful, holy, vamp, hag, sorceress. goodly: (adv) benignly, kindly, deferential, godly, reverential, worshipful, pietistic; (v) devotional. strongly, rightly, graciously, virtuously, soundly, uprightly; (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj) blasphemous, sizable, handsome, respectable. disrespectful, impious, irreverent. mischief: (adj, n) evil, hurt, harm; (n) spelling: (n) misspelling, spell, damage, ill, detriment, disadvantage, orthograph. devilry, caper, devilment, maleficence. ANTONYMS: (n)

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And lay them gently on thy tender side. Who art thou? say, that I may honor thee.% MARGARET. Margaret my name, and daughter to a king, The King of Naples, whosoe'er thou art. SUFFOLK. An earl I am, and Suffolk am I call'd. Be not offended, nature's miracle, Thou art allotted to be ta'en by me. So doth the swan her downy cygnets save, Keeping them prisoner underneath her wings. Yet, if this servile usage once offend, Go and be free again as Suffolk's friend. [She is going.] O, stay! I have no power to let her pass; My hand would free her, but my heart says no. As plays the sun upon the glassy streams, Twinkling another counterfeited beam, So seems this gorgeous beauty to mine eyes. Fain would I woo her, yet I dare not speak: I'll call for pen and ink, and write my mind. Fie, de la Pole! disable not thyself; Hast not a tongue? is she not here? Wilt thou be daunted at a woman's sight? Aye, beauty's princely majesty is such, Confounds the tongue and makes the senses rough. MARGARET. Say, Earl of Suffolk,--if thy name be so-What ransom must I pay before I pass? For I perceive I am thy prisoner.

Thesaurus allotted: (adj) agreed, chosen, fixed, downy: (adj) flossy, fuzzy, soft, hairy, gorgeous: (adj) luxurious, gaudy, selected. fleecy, silken, nappy, furry, attractive, brilliant, wonderful, daunted: (adj) downcast, dispirited, downlike; (v) flocculent, flaccid. glorious, gay, florid, palatial, dressy; (adj, v) rich. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, discouraged, frightened, intimidated, ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, hard. earl: (n) baron, jarl, peer, thane, disheartened, dismayed, afraid, unattractive, detestable, shabby. servile: (adj) abject, obsequious, base, abashed, bashful, discomposed. viscount, banneret, chief, lord. disable: (adj, v) disqualify; (v) glassy: (adj, v) glossy; (adj) clear, fawning, ignoble, sordid, subservient, incapacitate, cripple, disenable, glazed, smooth, flat, crystalline, dead, cringing, slavish; (adj, n) mean, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) bossy, assertive. paralyze, weaken, hamstring, switch dull, hyaline, transparent; (v) glabrous. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, swan: (v) rove, roam, wander, stray, off, restrain, disarm, unfit. ANTONYMS: (v) strengthen, aid, aver, drift, avow, assert; (n) cygnet, bumpy, dull, expressive, murky, assist, help, rehabilitate, activate. rough. whooper, cushat.

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SUFFOLK. How canst thou tell she will deny thy suit, Before thou make a trial of her love? MARGARET. Why speak'st thou not? what ransom must I pay? SUFFOLK. She's beautiful and therefore to be woo'd; She is a woman, therefore to be won.% MARGARET. Wilt thou accept of ransom? yea, or no. SUFFOLK. Fond man, remember that thou hast a wife; Then how can Margaret be thy paramour? MARGARET. I were best leave him, for he will not hear. SUFFOLK. There all is marr'd; there lies a cooling card. MARGARET. He talks at random; sure, the man is mad. SUFFOLK. And yet a dispensation may be had. MARGARET. And yet I would that you would answer me. SUFFOLK. I'll win this Lady Margaret. For whom? Why, for my king; tush, that 's a wooden thing! MARGARET. He talks of wood: it is some carpenter.

Thesaurus carpenter: (n) woodman, woodsman, woodworker, Joseph; (v) build. cooling: (n) freezing, refrigeration, cooler, mechanism, quenching, temperature reduction, coolant system, cooling system; (adj) caller, refrigerant, allaying heat. deny: (v) controvert, rebuff, contradict, disavow, gainsay, reject, oppose, refuse, disown, abnegate, renounce. ANTONYMS: (v) affirm, claim, acknowledge, declare, maintain,

agree, spoil, accept, accede, allow, argue. dispensation: (n) allotment, release, disposal, assignment, division, freedom, distribution, exemption, license, allocation, apportionment. ANTONYM: (n) prohibition. paramour: (n) love, courtesan, doxy, mistress, lover, beau, sweetheart, favorite, odalisque; (adj) gallant, leman. random: (adj) accidental, aimless,

patchy, irregular, fortuitous, arbitrary, casual, indiscriminate, incidental; (n) chance, accident. ANTONYMS: (adj) systematic, nonrandom, regular, predictable, ordered, logical, exact, discerning, methodical, organized, deliberate. tush: (n) buttocks, backside, posterior, quarter, place, poop, John, pot, prat, piece of ass, puke.

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SUFFOLK. Yet so my fancy may be satisfied, And peace established between these realms. But there remains a scruple in that too; For though her father be the King of Naples, Duke of Anjou and Maine, yet is he poor, And our nobility will scorn the match.% MARGARET. Hear ye, captain, are you not at leisure? SUFFOLK. It shall be so, disdain they ne'er so much: Henry is youthful and will quickly yield. Madam, I have a secret to reveal. MARGARET. What though I be enthrall'd? he seems a knight, And will not any way dishonor me. SUFFOLK. Lady, vouchsafe to listen what I say. MARGARET. Perhaps I shall be rescued by the French; And then I need not crave his courtesy. SUFFOLK. Sweet madam, give me hearing in a cause-MARGARET. Tush! women have been captivate ere now. SUFFOLK. Lady, wherefore talk you so? MARGARET. I cry you mercy, 'tis but Quid for Quo.

Thesaurus disdain: (n, v) despise, contemn, ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, hide, harshness, unkindness, severity, slight, ridicule; (n) contempt, mercilessness, ruthlessness, cover, suppress, withhold. scruple: (adj, v) hesitate, demur, pause; derision, arrogance, haughtiness, impatience, inhumanity. pride; (v) scoff, disparage. nobility: (n) aristocracy, greatness, (n) hesitation, qualm, misgiving, ANTONYMS: (n) humility, distrust, objection; (n, v) mistrust; (v) dignity, lord, noblesse, admiration, reverence, worship, magnanimousness, baronage, gentry, falter, question. approval, regard; (v) approve, nobleman; (adj) generosity; (adj, n) vouchsafe: (v) grant, condescend, magnanimity. ANTONYM: (n) admire, praise, accept, participate. allow, confer, stoop, give, please, mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, baseness. bestow; (n, v) accord; (adv) have the favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, reveal: (v) divulge, expose, disclose, goodness, will you. grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) women: (n) sex, gentle sex. impart, betray, detect, convey, quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, exhibit, display, discover, express.

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SUFFOLK. Say, gentle princess, would you not suppose Your bondage happy, to be made a queen? MARGARET. To be a queen in bondage is more vile Than is a slave in base servility; For princes should be free.% SUFFOLK. And so shall you, If happy England's royal king be free. MARGARET. Why, what concerns his freedom unto me? SUFFOLK. I'll undertake to make thee Henry's queen, To put a golden scepter in thy hand And set a precious crown upon thy head, If thou wilt condescend to be my-MARGARET. What? SUFFOLK. His love. MARGARET. I am unworthy to be Henry's wife. SUFFOLK. No, gentle madam; I unworthy am To woo so fair a dame to be his wife, And have no portion in the choice myself. How say you, madam, are ye so content? MARGARET. An if my father please, I am content.

Thesaurus bondage: (n) thrall, thraldom, thralldom, slavery, captivity, enslavement, duress, restraint, yoke, vassalage; (adj, n) villenage. ANTONYMS: (n) independence, emancipation, freedom. concerns: (n) dealings, affairs. dame: (n) lady, female, queen, girl, gentlewoman, wench, skirt, matron, madam, ma'am, woman. portion: (n, v) division, lot, allot, dividend, divide; (n) piece, parcel,

fragment, component, section; (adj, n) constituent. ANTONYM: (n) whole. precious: (adj, n) beloved; (adj) valuable, costly, cherished, invaluable, expensive, golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite; (n) darling. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap, hated, shabby. princess: (n) queen, duchess, begum, czarina, maharani, monarch, archduchess, lady, patrician, maharanee, mopsey.

queen: (n) king, lady, sovereign, monarch, dame, pansy, queer, faggot, princess, fairy, czarina. scepter: (n) staff, verge, regalia, wand, sceptre, bauble, sovereignty, stick, reign, brink, power. undertake: (v) attempt, take on, try, covenant, guarantee, accept, tackle, contract, take, begin, engage. ANTONYMS: (v) forego, abstain, forget, relinquish.

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SUFFOLK. Then call our captain and our colors forth. And, madam, at your father's castle walls We'll crave a parley, to confer with him. [A parley sounded. Enter REIGNIER on the walls.] See, Reignier, see, thy daughter prisoner! REIGNIER. To whom? SUFFOLK. To me.% REIGNIER. Suffolk, what remedy? I am a soldier, and unapt to weep, Or to exclaim on fortune's fickleness. SUFFOLK. Yes, there is remedy enough, my lord: Consent, and for thy honor give consent, Thy daughter shall be wedded to my king; Whom I with pain have woo'd and won thereto; And this her easy-held imprisonment Hath gain'd thy daughter princely liberty. REIGNIER. Speaks Suffolk as he thinks? SUFFOLK. Fair Margaret knows That Suffolk doth not flatter, face, or feign. REIGNIER. Upon thy princely warrant, I descend To give thee answer of thy just demand. [Exit from the walls.]

Thesaurus confer: (v) give, accord, award, afford, fickleness: (n) faithlessness, levity, relieve, correct; (n) drug. ANTONYM: (n) poison. grant, discuss, converse, consult, volatility, instability, capriciousness, show; (n, v) talk; (adj, v) present. changeableness, falseness, flightiness; sounded: (adj) measured, oral. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, deny, (n, v) caprice; (v) fancy, legerete. unapt: (adj) improper, inept, unfit, ANTONYMS: (n) fidelity, loyalty, dishonor, retrieve, take. inappropriate, unseemly, undue, exclaim: (v) call out, call, shout, cry predictability. unsuitable, irrelevant, not apt. out, ejaculate, clamor, outcry, scream, prisoner: (n) captive, hostage, jailbird, wedded: (adj, v) marital, connubial, matrimonial, conjugal, wed; (adj) shout out, speak, vociferate. accused, con, gaolbird, criminal, feign: (v) dissemble, simulate, affect, nuptial, bridal. ANTONYMS: (adj) detainee, inmate, defendant, pretend, assume, dissimulate, unfortunate. unmarried, unattached. counterfeit, act, sham, fabricate; (adj, remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, v) deceive. medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend,

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SUFFOLK. And here I will expect thy coming.% [Trumpets sound. Enter REIGNIER, below.] REIGNIER. Welcome, brave earl, into our territories: Command in Anjou what your honor pleases. SUFFOLK. Thanks, Reignier, happy for so sweet a child, Fit to be made companion with a king: What answer makes your grace unto my suit? REIGNIER. Since thou dost deign to woo her little worth To be the princely bride of such a lord; Upon condition I may quietly Enjoy mine own, the country Maine and Anjou, Free from oppression or the stroke of war, My daughter shall be Henry's, if he please. SUFFOLK. That is her ransom; I deliver her; And those two counties I will undertake Your Grace shall well and quietly enjoy. REIGNIER. And I again, in Henry's royal name, As deputy unto that gracious king, Give thee her hand, for sign of plighted faith. SUFFOLK. Reignier of France, I give thee kingly thanks, Because this is in traffic of a king. [Aside] And yet, methinks, I could be well content

Thesaurus bride: (n) fiance, Bridget, Brigid, saint stoop to, allow, fall, come from. kingly: (adj, adv) stately; (adj) August, Brigid, saint Bridget, honeymooner, deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save, noble, regal, imperial, sovereign, majestic, royal; (adv) royally, prioress, newlywed, participant, rescue, abandon, send, pronounce, wife, bridegroom. ANTONYMS: (n) hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter. majestically, regally. ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine, oppression: (n, v) hardship, grievance; bridegroom, groom. companion: (adj, n) associate; (n) (n) injustice, despotism, weight, imprison, hold, oppress, enslave, stress, doldrums; (adj, n) abuse, colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, restrain, retain, collect, withhold, partner, fellow, comrade, assistant, shackle. tyranny, dictatorship, autocracy. brother. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, deputy: (n) surrogate, agent, delegate, ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, ease, stranger, adversary. alternate, ambassador, vicar, freedom, liberty. deign: (v) lower oneself, vouchsafe, plighted: (adj) intended, engaged. representative, attorney, assistant; (adj, n) substitute, replacement. stoop, descend, lower, grant, move,

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To be mine own attorney in this case. I 'll over then to England with this news, And make this marriage to be solemnized. So, farewell, Reignier; set this diamond safe In golden palaces, as it becomes.% REIGNIER. I do embrace thee as I would embrace The Christian prince, King Henry, were he here. MARGARET. Farewell, my lord: good wishes, praise and prayers. Shall Suffolk ever have of Margaret. [Going.] SUFFOLK. Farewell, sweet madam: but hark you, Margaret; No princely commendations to my king? MARGARET. Such commendations as becomes a maid, A virgin and his servant, say to him. SUFFOLK. Words sweetly placed and modestly directed. But, madam, I must trouble you again; No loving token to his majesty? MARGARET. Yes, my good lord, a pure unspotted heart, Never yet taint with love, I send the king. SUFFOLK. And this withal. [Kisses her.]

Thesaurus attorney: (n) advocate, counsel, counselor, agent, legal representative, barrister, counsellor, solicitor, factor, prosecutor, ambulance chaser. modestly: (adv) unassumingly, demurely, humbly, reservedly, retiringly, unpretentiously, diffidently, soberly, timidly, meekly, moderately. ANTONYMS: (adv) ostentatiously, arrogantly, immodestly, elaborately, boldly, radically, proudly, brashly,

clean; (n) perfection, cleanliness; (adv) boastfully, brazenly, excessively. sweetly: (adv) pleasantly, sweet, cheerfully. token: (n) memento, souvenir, note, mildly, melodically, melodiously, softly, syrupily, beautifully, keepsake, sign, relic, stamp, signal, indication; (adj) nominal; (n, v) trace. pleasingly, dulcetly, fairly. ANTONYMS: (adv) discordantly, ANTONYM: (adj) great. horribly, sharply, harshly, unkindly. unspotted: (adj) unblemished, taint: (n, v) blemish, disgrace, corrupt, unstained, unsoiled, stainless, pure, spot, blot; (adj, v) defile, sully, blameless, immaculate, undefaced, pollute, contaminate; (n) pollution, undeformed, spotless, untarnished. contamination. ANTONYMS: (v) wishes: (n) desires, requirements, enhance, right, respect, disinfect, requests, needs, will.

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MARGARET. That for thyself: I will not so presume To send such peevish tokens to a king.% [Exeunt REIGNIER and MARGARET.] SUFFOLK. O, wert thou for myself! But, Suffolk, stay; Thou mayst not wander in that labyrinth; There Minotaurs and ugly treasons lurk. Solicit Henry with her wondrous praise: Bethink thee on her virtues that surmount, And natural graces that extinguish art; Repeat their semblance often on the seas, That, when thou comest to kneel at Henry's feet, Thou mayst bereave him of his wits with wonder. [Exit.]

SCENE IV. CAMP OF THE DUKE OF YORK IN ANJOU. [Enter YORK, WARWICK, and others.] YORK. Bring forth that sorceress condemn'd to burn. [Enter LA PUCELLE, guarded, and a SHEPHERD.] SHEPHERD. Ah, Joan, this kills thy father's heart outright! Have I sought every country far and near, And now it is my chance to find thee out, Must I behold thy timeless cruel death? Ah, Joan, sweet daughter Joan, I 'll die with thee!

Thesaurus bereave: (v) strip, deprive of, divest, rob, despoil, oust, lose, abridge, seize, confiscate, debar. extinguish: (v) destroy, exterminate, eradicate, douse, annihilate, consume, wipe out, end, suppress, quash; (adj, v) allay. ANTONYMS: (v) ignite, build, create, encourage, inflame, sustain, protect. kneel: (v) genuflect, cringe, stoop, bob, cry for quarter, dip, duck, humble oneself; (n) kneeling, knee,

movement. dateless, immortal, inopportune, semblance: (adj, n) color; (n) interminable, undying, ageless, resemblance, appearance, look, perpetual, endless, deathless. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, aspect, air, image, similarity, pretense, guise, pretext. ANTONYM: mortal, modern. (n) difference. tokens: (n) decorations, discriminating sorceress: (n) sorcerer, witch, marks, indications, indicia, insignia, magician, enchanter, warlock, signs, appearances, badges. wits: (n) intellect, mind, wit, brains, wizard, lamia, necromancer. sought: (adj) required, quest, seeking, common sense, presence, popular. percipience, observation, mother wit, timeless: (adj) eternal, everlasting, right mind, judgment.

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PUCELLE. Decrepit miser! base ignoble wretch! I am descended of a gentler blood: Thou art no father nor no friend of mine.% SHEPHERD. Out, out! My lords, as please you, 'tis not so; I did beget her, all the parish knows. Her mother liveth yet, can testify She was the first fruit of my bachelorship. WARWICK. Graceless! wilt thou deny thy parentage? YORK. This argues what her kind of life hath been, Wicked and vile; and so her death concludes. SHEPHERD. Fie, Joan, that thou wilt be so obstacle! God knows thou art a collop of my flesh; And for thy sake have I shed many a tear: Deny me not, I prithee, gentle Joan. PUCELLE. Peasant, avaunt! You have suborn'd this man, Of purpose to obscure my noble birth. SHEPHERD. 'Tis true, I gave a noble to the priest The morn that I was wedded to her mother. Kneel down and take my blessing, good my girl. Wilt thou not stoop? Now cursed be the time Of thy nativity! I would the milk Thy mother gave thee when thou suck'dst her breast, Had been a little ratsbane for thy sake!

Thesaurus argues: (v) argue. avaunt: (n, v) vaunt, boast; (v) melt away, go, vanish, disappear, dissolve, fade, pass. bachelorship: (n) bachelorhood, celibacy, single, singleness, spinsterhood, unmarried. collop: (n) chunk, scale, cutlet, slice, steak, Colp, tucket. concludes: (adj) ended, concluded. descended: (v) extraught. miser: (n) stinginess, curmudgeon,

hunks, muckworm, niggard, origin, descent, ancestry, lineage, skinflint, cheapskate, parsimony, stock, birth, pedigree, kinship, moneygrubber, Jew, miserliness. bloodline. morn: (n) dawn, daybreak, forenoon, ratsbane: (n) marsh gas, raticide, rat period, prime, aurora, a, amount of poison. sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, time, break of dawn, break of day, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) break of the day. nativity: (n) birth, horoscope, object, account, design, purpose, saki. shed: (v) discard, drop, moult, scatter, nascency, delivery, genesis, cradle, nascence, birthing, origin, childbirth, exuviate, molt, cast off, dismiss; (n) births. ANTONYM: (n) death. shack, hut, cabin. ANTONYMS: (v) parentage: (n) family, extraction, keep, cover; (adj) persistent.

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Or else, when thou didst keep my lambs a-field, I wish some ravenous wolf had eaten thee! Dost thou deny thy father, cursed drab? O, burn her, burn her! hanging is too good. [Exit.] YORK. Take her away; for she hath lived too long, To fill the world with vicious qualities.% PUCELLE. First, let me tell you whom you have condemn'd: Not me begotten of a shepherd swain, But issued from the progeny of kings; Virtuous and holy; chosen from above, By inspiration of celestial grace, To work exceeding miracles on earth. I never had to do with wicked spirits: But you, that are polluted with your lusts, Stain'd with the guiltless blood of innocents, Corrupt and tainted with a thousand vices, Because you want the grace that others have, You judge it straight a thing impossible To compass wonders but by help of devils. No, misconceived! Joan of Arc hath been A virgin from her tender infancy, Chaste and immaculate in very thought; Whose maiden blood, thus rigorously effused, Will cry for vengeance at the gates of heaven. YORK. Aye, aye: away with her to execution! WARWICK. And hark ye, sirs; because she is a maid,

Thesaurus celestial: (adj) ethereal, divine, (adj) moderate. erroneous, deformed. polluted: (adj) dirty, contaminated, rigorously: (adv) severely, strictly, supernal, angelic, holy, sacred, astronomical, unworldly, foul, defiled, filthy, unclean, profane, stringently, carefully, harshly, superlunary, from on high; (n) stained, soiled, tainted, nasty. exactly, austerely, closely, narrowly, heaven. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, hygienic. stiffly, gravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) mundane, secular, terrestrial, mortal. progeny: (n) posterity, child, children, leniently, lightheartedly, negligently. eaten: (v) eat. family, lineage, successor, seed; (n, v) vengeance: (n) retribution, reprisal, guiltless: (adj) innocent, clean, issue, breed, brood, generation. retaliation, requital, avengement, ravenous: (adj) hungry, greedy, avid, irreproachable, clear, faultless, wrath, vendetta, spite, revengeance; (n, v) avenge, resentment. unsullied, stainless, pure, inculpable, famished, gluttonous, voracious, ANTONYMS: (n) forgiveness, immaculate, spotless. rapacious, insatiable, edacious, misconceived: (adj) inaccurate, covetous, predatory. ANTONYM: acceptance.

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Spare for no faggots, let there be enow: Place barrels of pitch upon the fatal stake, That so her torture may be shortened.% PUCELLE. Will nothing turn your unrelenting hearts? Then, Joan, discover thine infirmity, That warranteth by law to be thy privilege. I am with child, ye bloody homicides: Murder not then the fruit within my womb, Although ye hale me to a violent death. YORK. Now heaven forfend! the holy maid with child! WARWICK. The greatest miracle that e'er ye wrought: Is all your strict preciseness come to this? YORK. She and the Dauphin have been juggling: I did imagine what would be her refuge. WARWICK. Well, go to; we'll have no bastards live; Especially since Charles must father it. PUCELLE. You are deceived; my child is none of his: It was Alencon that enjoy'd my love. YORK. Alencon! that notorious Machiavel! It dies, an if it had a thousand lives. PUCELLE. O, give me leave, I have deluded you:

Thesaurus deluded: (adj) besotted, mistaken. errant. ANTONYMS: (adj) excruciate. ANTONYMS: (n) relief, forfend: (v) prevent, avert, rule out, anonymous, reputable, famous. alleviation, content, ecstasy, joy, pleasure; (v) relieve, alleviate. preclude, obviate, forbid, fend, deter, preciseness: (n) accuracy, precision, prohibit. exactitude, meticulousness, fidelity, unrelenting: (adj, n) harsh, hard, miracle: (adj, n) wonder, prodigy; (n) severe; (adj) stern, relentless, clearcutness, nicety, correctness, phenomenon, mystery, wonderwork, rigor, carefulness, care. implacable, austere, cruel, grim, refuge: (n) sanctuary, asylum, safety, surprise, sensation, event, theurgy, unforgiving, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) feeble, inexorable, astonishment, amazement. retreat, cover, harborage, haven, notorious: (adj, v) notable; (adj) shelter, harbor; (n, v) recourse, resort. sympathetic, temporary, merciful, torture: (n, v) pain, distress, agonize, known, infamous, illustrious, compassionate, finite, gentle. afflict; (n) agony, anguish, suffering, disreputable, flagrant, egregious, prominent, celebrated, noted; (adj, n) excruciation, grief; (v) rack,

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'Twas neither Charles nor yet the duke I named, But Reignier, king of Naples, that prevail'd.% WARWICK. A married man! that's most intolerable. YORK. Why, here's a girl! I think she knows not well There were so many, whom she may accuse. WARWICK. It's sign she hath been liberal and free. YORK. And yet, forsooth, she is a virgin pure. Strumpet, thy words condemn thy brat and thee: Use no entreaty, for it is in vain. PUCELLE. Then lead me hence; with whom I leave my curse: May never glorious sun reflex his beams Upon the country where you make abode: But darkness and the gloomy shade of death Environ you, till mischief and despair Drive you to break your necks or hang yourselves! [Exit, guarded.] YORK. Break thou in pieces and consume to ashes, Thou foul accursed minister of hell! [Enter CARDINAL BEAUFORT, Bishop of Winchester, attended.] CARDINAL. Lord regent, I do greet your excellence With letters of commission from the king. For know, my lords, the states of Christendom, Moved with remorse of these outrageous broils,

Thesaurus accuse: (v) charge, incriminate, arraign, denounce, defame, criminate, indict, fault, betray, condemn, inculpate. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, exculpate, exonerate, praise, support, clear. brat: (n) imp, bairn, rogue, urchin, scamp, kid, monkey, whippersnapper, scalawag, pickaninny, jackanapes. entreaty: (n) plea, prayer, request, petition, adjuration, supplication,

suit, demand, desire, invocation; (v) shamelessness. till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, solicitation. reflex: (adj) involuntary, instinctive, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, unconscious, catoptric; (v) reflection, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to. reflexion, resilient; (n) reaction, vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, burping, eructation, physiological fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, reaction. ANTONYMS: (adj) ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. voluntary, deliberate. remorse: (n) penitence, contrition, ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, repentance, regret, guilt, penance, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, sorrow, grief, qualm, ruefulness, humble, useful, responsible, compassion. ANTONYM: (n) worthwhile, effective.

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Have earnestly implored a general peace Betwixt our nation and the aspiring French; And here at hand the Dauphin and his train Approacheth, to confer about some matter.% YORK. Is all our travail turn'd to this effect? After the slaughter of so many peers, So many captains, gentlemen and soldiers, That in this quarrel have been overthrown, And sold their bodies for their country's benefit, Shall we at last conclude effeminate peace? Have we not lost most part of all the towns, By treason, falsehood, and by treachery, Our great progenitors had conquered? O, Warwick, Warwick! I foresee with grief The utter loss of all the realm of France. WARWICK. Be patient, York: if we conclude a peace, It shall be with such strict and severe covenants As little shall the Frenchmen gain thereby. [Enter CHARLES, ALENCON, BASTARD, REIGNIER, and others.] CHARLES. Since, lords of England, it is thus agreed That peaceful truce shall be proclaim'd in France, We come to be informed by yourselves What the conditions of that league must be. YORK. Speak, Winchester; for boiling choler chokes The hollow passage of my poison'd voice, By sight of these our baleful enemies.

Thesaurus aspiring: (adj) aspirant, wishful, enterprising, envious, desirous, coming; (v) aspire, vaulting. ANTONYM: (adj) desperate. boiling: (adj) hot, ebullient, heated, burning, scalding, torrid, humid; (adj, v) effervescent; (v) seethe, effervesce; (n) ebullience. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, happy, frozen, cooled, cool, collected, calm, fresh, airy. earnestly: (adj, adv) seriously; (adv) eagerly, intently, zealously, solemnly,

ardently, fervently, heartily, gravely, warmly, passionately. ANTONYMS: (adv) indifferently, insincerely, unconcernedly, jokingly. foresee: (v) expect, forecast, anticipate, envisage, previse, foreknow, prophesy, provide, foresaw, predict, see. hollow: (adj, n) blank; (n) cavity, depression, cave, dell; (adj) empty, false; (adj, n, v) concave; (n, v) excavate, dent, scoop. ANTONYMS:

(adj) convex, sincere, true, full, meaningful, cramped, valid; (n) hump, bump, hill, lump. passage: (n, v) course, journey; (n) gangway, corridor, hall, channel, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct. ANTONYMS: (n) rejection, room. progenitors: (n) lineage. thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby. travail: (n, v) labor, toil, labour, grind, childbirth, confinement; (v) drudge, moil; (n) effort, sweat, exertion.

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CARDINAL. Charles, and the rest, it is enacted thus: That, in regard King Henry gives consent, Of mere compassion and of lenity, To ease your country of distressful war, And suffer you to breathe in fruitful peace, You shall become true liegemen to his crown: And, Charles, upon condition thou wilt swear To pay him tribute and submit thyself, Thou shalt be placed as viceroy under him, And still enjoy the regal dignity.% ALENCON. Must he be then as shadow of himself? Adorn his temples with a coronet, And yet, in substance and authority, Retain but privilege of a private man? This proffer is absurd and reasonless. CHARLES. 'Tis known already that I am possess'd With more than half the Gallian territories, And therein reverenced for their lawful king: Shall I, for lucre of the rest unvanquish'd, Detract so much from that prerogative, As to be call'd but viceroy of the whole? No, lord ambassador, I 'll rather keep That which I have than, coveting for more, Be cast from possibility of all. YORK. Insulting Charles! hast thou by secret means Used intercession to obtain a league, And, now the matter grows to compromise,

Thesaurus compassion: (adj, n) clemency, disastrous, dreary, grievous, kindness; (n) mercy, charity, lamentable, sad, sorrowful, sorry, sympathy, commiseration, remorse, unfortunate, unhappy. intercession: (n) intervention, tenderness, forgiveness, feeling, grace. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, interference, arbitration, disregard, unconcern, severity, interposition, invocation, prayer, nastiness, harshness, supplication, intermediation, incomprehension, malevolence, atonement, agency, protest. lucre: (n) pelf, earnings, gelt, profit, coldness, roughness, inhumanity. coveting: (n) longing, envy; (adj) kale, dough, advantage, mammon, envious. dividend, return, income. distressful: (adj) calamitous, dismal, reasonless: (adj) causeless,

unreasonable, irrational, mindless, insensate, senseless, fallacious, fatuous, gratuitous, inane, insensible. regal: (adj) noble, imperial, grand, purple, royal, dignified, kingly, August, imposing, stately, magnificent. ANTONYMS: (adj) undignified, modest, poor. temples: (n) brow. viceroy: (n) vicereine, satrap, exarch, nymphalid, nymphalid butterfly, regent, delegate.

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Stand'st thou aloof upon comparison? Either accept the title thou usurp'st, Of benefit proceeding from our king And not of any challenge of desert, Or we will plague thee with incessant wars.% REIGNIER. My lord, you do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract: If once it be neglected, ten to one We shall not find like opportunity. ALENCON. To say the truth, it is your policy To save your subjects from such massacre And ruthless slaughters as are daily seen, By our proceeding in hostility; And therefore take this compact of a truce, Although you break it when your pleasure serves. WARWICK. How say'st thou, Charles? shall our condition stand? CHARLES. It shall; Only reserv'd, you claim no interest In any of our towns of garrison. YORK. Then swear allegiance to his majesty, As thou art knight, never to disobey Nor be rebellious to the crown of England Thou, nor thy nobles, to the crown of England. So, now dismiss your army when ye please; Hang up your ensigns, let your drums be still, For here we entertain a solemn peace.

Thesaurus cavil: (v) carp, split hairs, equivocate, frequent. ANTONYMS: (adj) quarrel, protest, repudiate, nitpick, intermittent, occasional, sporadic, knock, reproach; (adj) refine; (n) broken, finite. proceeding: (n) matter, transaction, censoriousness. garrison: (n) fortification, fortress, affair, procedure, lawsuit, stronghold, troops, presidio, defense, proceedings; (v) deed, act; (n, v) base, citadel, soldiery; (n, v) defend; measure; (adv, n) happening; (adj, adv, (v) send. v) going on. incessant: (adj) endless, continual, ruthless: (adj) merciless, inhuman, everlasting, eternal, constant, remorseless, heartless, cruel, continuous, perpetual, unremitting, ferocious, unsparing, relentless, interminable, persistent; (adj, v) inexorable, harsh, grim.

ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, charitable, gentle, compassionate, principled, unmotivated, tolerant. solemn: (adj, n, v) serious; (adj, v) sober, important, sedate, devout, formal, demure; (adj) heavy, dignified, sacred; (adj, n) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, cheerful, unceremonious, funny, playful, flippant, relaxed.

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[Exeunt.]

SCENE V. LONDON. THE ROYAL PALACE.% [Enter SUFFOLK in conference with the KING, GLOUCESTER and EXETER.] KING. Your wondrous rare description, noble earl, Of beauteous Margaret hath astonish'd me. Her virtues graced with external gifts Do breed love's settled passions in my heart: And like as rigor of tempestuous gusts Provokes the mightiest hulk against the tide, So am I driven by breath of her renown, Either to suffer shipwreck or arrive Where I may have fruition of her love. SUFFOLK. Tush, my good lord, this superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise; The chief perfections of that lovely dame, Had I sufficient skill to utter them, Would make a volume of enticing lines, Able to ravish any dull conceit: And, which is more, she is not so divine, So full-replete with choice of all delights, But with as humble lowliness of mind She is content to be at your command; Command, I mean, of virtuous intents, To love and honor Henry as her lord.

Thesaurus beauteous: (adj) pretty, lovely, fair, principal part, main part. lowliness: (n) humility, humbleness, comely, good-looking, handsome, stunning. meekness, weakness, lowlihood, enticing: (adj, v) alluring; (adj) resignation. ravish: (v) charm, enrapture, rape, tempting, attractive, beguiling, inviting, seductive, engaging, violate, delight, captivate, defile, fetching, appealing, fascinating, deflower, force, transport, enchant. enthralling. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYM: (v) disenchant. unappealing, unattractive, revolting. rigor: (n) harshness, austerity, hulk: (n) giant, colossus, wreck, grimness, exactness, cruelty, carcass, heavyweight, monster; (adj) hardness, asperity, inclemency, hull, bole, skeleton greater part, hardship, precision, strictness.

ANTONYMS: (n) laxness, flexibility. shipwreck: (n, v) ruin; (adj, v) sink; (v) defeat, scuttle, destroy, fail; (n) hulk, accident, wreckage, wrack, ruination. tempestuous: (adj, n) rough, boisterous, severe; (adj) raging, furious, wild, angry, windy, fierce, gusty; (adj, v) turbulent. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, moderate, relaxed.

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KING. And otherwise will Henry ne'er presume. Therefore, my lord protector, give consent That Margaret may be England's royal queen.% GLOUCESTER. So should I give consent to flatter sin. You know, my lord, your highness is betroth'd Unto another lady of esteem: How shall we then dispense with that contract, And not deface your honor with reproach? SUFFOLK. As doth a ruler with unlawful oaths; Or one that, at a triumph having vow'd To try his strength, forsaketh yet the lists By reason of his adversary's odds: A poor earl's daughter is unequal odds, And therefore may be broke without offense. GLOUCESTER. Why, what, I pray, is Margaret more than that? Her father is no better than an earl, Although in glorious titles he excel. SUFFOLK. Yes, my lord, her father is a king, The King of Naples and Jerusalem; And of such great authority in France, As his alliance will confirm our peace, And keep the Frenchmen in allegiance. GLOUCESTER. And so the Earl of Armagnac may do, Because he is near kinsman unto Charles.

Thesaurus deface: (adj, v) blemish, mutilate, pass, eclipse, beat, transcend, lead, mangle, maim; (v) damage, spoil, outshine; (adj, v) better. ANTONYMS: (v) flunk, trail. destroy, ruin, injure, mar, scar. ANTONYMS: (v) beautify, restore, kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, conserve, deck, decorate, embellish, kindred, kinswoman, description, fix, freshen, mend, repair, enhance. forefather, countryman, detail, dispense: (v) allot, deal, administer, consanguinity; (v) confederate. assign, deal out, apportion, dole out, offense: (n, v) crime, fault; (n) insult, give, issue, diffuse, furnish. misdemeanor, offence, aggression, ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, receive, attack, infringement, transgression, withhold. delinquency, misdemeanour. excel: (v) top, surpass, cap, outdo, ANTONYMS: (n) defense, virtue,

praise. ruler: (adj, n) governor, rule; (n) lord, potentate, monarch, leader, dynast, prince, dictator, head; (adj) regent. unequal: (adj) different, unlike, uneven, rough, lopsided, unfair, inadequate, disparate, disproportionate, unbalanced, unsymmetrical. ANTONYMS: (adj) equal, even, fair, identical, similar, same, level, constant, balanced, like, corresponding.

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EXETER. Beside, his wealth doth warrant a liberal dower, Where Reignier sooner will receive than give.% SUFFOLK. A dower, my lords! disgrace not so your king, That he should be so abject, base and poor, To choose for wealth and not for perfect love. Henry is able to enrich his queen, And not to seek a queen to make him rich: So worthless peasants bargain for their wives, As market-men for oxen, sheep, or horse. Marriage is a matter of more worth Than to be dealt in by attorneyship; Not whom we will; but whom his grace affects, Must be companion of his nuptial bed: And therefore, lords, since he affects her most, It most of all these reasons bindeth us, In our opinions she should be preferr'd. For what is wedlock forced but a hell, An age of discord and continual strife? Whereas the contrary bringeth bliss, And is a pattern of celestial peace. Whom should we match with Henry, being a king, But Margaret, that is daughter to a king? Her peerless feature, joined with her birth, Approves her fit for none but for a king; Her valiant courage and undaunted spirit, More than in women commonly is seen, Will answer our hope in issue of a king; For Henry, son unto a conqueror, Is likely to beget more conquerors, If with a lady of so high resolve

Thesaurus abject: (adj) contemptible, pitiful, low, dower: (n) dowry, dowery, connubial, hymeneal, conjugal, wedding, married; (n) matrimony. wretched, despicable, sordid, base, inheritance, jointure, endowment, mean, vile; (n) ignominious, dirty. heritage, patrimony; (v) to bar dower, peerless: (adj) matchless, nonpareil, ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, endue, bestow, contribute. unique, unmatched, unrivaled, one enrich: (v) decorate, adorn, fertilize, hopeful, magnificent, esteemed, and only, inimitable, supreme, proud, dignified, commendable, beautify, ornament, develop, fatten, superlative, unequaled, unmatchable. endow, better, cultivate; (n) ANTONYM: (adj) vulnerable. noble, exalted, worthy, happy. bargain: (adj, n, v) cheap; (n, v) enrichment. ANTONYMS: (v) reasons: (n) proof. covenant, deal; (n) agreement, treaty, impoverish, cheapen, degenerate, wedlock: (n, v) marriage, matrimony; arrangement, buy, chaffer; (v) (n) union, wedding, polygyny, reduce, deplete, deteriorate. nuptial: (adj, n) bridal, marriage; (adj) exchange, stipulate, agree. bigamy, intermarriage, exogamy, ANTONYM: (adj) inflated. marital, matrimonial, spousal, endogamy, polyandry, misalliance.

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As is fair Margaret he be link'd in love. Then yield, my lords; and here conclude with me That Margaret shall be queen, and none but she.% KING. Whether it be through force of your report, My noble Lord of Suffolk, or for that My tender youth was never yet attaint With any passion of inflaming love, I cannot tell; but this I am assured, I feel such sharp dissension in my breast, Such fierce alarums both of hope and fear, As I am sick with working of my thoughts. Take, therefore, shipping; post, my lord, to France; Agree to any covenants, and procure That Lady Margaret do vouchsafe to come To cross the seas to England, and be crown'd King Henry's faithful and anointed queen: For your expenses and sufficient charge, Among the people gather up a tenth. Be gone, I say; for till you do return, I rest perplexed with a thousand cares. And you, good uncle, banish all offense: If you do censure me by what you were, Not what you are, I know it will excuse This sudden execution of my will. And so, conduct me where, from company, I may revolve and ruminate my grief. [Exit.] GLOUCESTER. Aye, grief, I fear me, both at first and last. [Exeunt GLOUCESTER and EXETER.]

Thesaurus anointed: (adj) hallowed, divine, revolve: (v) consider, meditate, unfaithful, unrealistic, faithless, greasy; (v) anoint. perfidious, backstabbing, cheating, deliberate, ponder, circle, banish: (v) dispel, expel, displace, inexact, loose. contemplate, return, circulate, orbit, inflaming: (adj) burning, consuming, rotate; (n, v) gyrate. relegate, oust, expatriate, eject, dismiss, transport, cast out; (adj, v) ruminate: (v) cogitate, contemplate, inflammatory, excessively hot, exile. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, exciting, fiery; (n) arousal. muse, ponder, reflect, consider, mull, perplexed: (adj) confused, puzzled, embrace, adopt, invite, include. deliberate, speculate, brood, think. faithful: (adj, n) accurate, correct, shipping: (n) transport, forwarding, baffled, confounded, doubtful, exact, true; (adj) close, unfailing, distracted, disconcerted; (adj, v) sending, transportation, shipment, dependable, devoted, sound, devout; intricate, complicated, lost, involved. navigation, carriage, conveyance, (adj, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj) unperplexed, dispatch, freightage, ferry. unreliable, false, inaccurate, assured, clear, knowing.

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SUFFOLK. Thus %Suffolk hath prevail'd; and thus he goes, As did the youthful Paris once to Greece, With hope to find the like event in love, But prosper better than the Troyan did. Margaret shall now be queen, and rule the king; But I will rule both her, the king and realm. [Exit.]

Thesaurus event: (n) effect, case, consequence, occurrence, incident, result, contingency, product, fact, happening, circumstance. ANTONYM: (n) insignificancy. hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence. king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief,

crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, collapse, decrease, dwindle, decline. majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) rule: (n, v) control, order, govern, queen. decree, influence, line, dominion, once: (adv, n) formerly; (adv) before, regulate, reign; (n) law, ordinance. ANTONYMS: (v) request; (n) option. ever, previously, one time, at one time, already, erst; (adj, adv) thus: (adv) then, so, consequently, erstwhile; (adj) former; (n) whilom. hence, thence, accordingly, as a ANTONYM: (adv) future. result, ergo, thusly, for that reason, prosper: (v) advance, flower, thrive, as. grow, bloom, succeed, boom, get ahead, get on; (adj) luxuriate; (n, v) fare. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate,

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GLOSSARY abel: (n) Niels Henrik Abel abject: (adj) contemptible, pitiful, low, wretched, despicable, sordid, base, mean, vile; (n) ignominious, dirty. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, hopeful, magnificent, esteemed, proud, dignified, commendable, noble, exalted, worthy, happy able: (adj) dexterous, competent, clever, ingenious, accomplished, gifted, effective, fit, expert; (adj, n) talented, efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) incapable, incompetent, weak, untrained, inept, delicate, feeble, infirm, clumsy, ineffective, ineffectual above: (adv, prep) beyond, aloft, on, in excess of; (adv) up, supra, on top; (adj) preceding, former; (adj, prep) past; (prep) surpassing. ANTONYMS: (prep) beneath, under, deficient, underneath; (adj) inferior, following abrupt: (adj) sudden, brusque, sharp, precipitous, steep, instantaneous, unexpected, swift, instant, hasty; (n) bold. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, gradual, rambling, gracious, courteous, polite, anticipated, kind, calm, protracted, deliberate absurd: (adj) ridiculous, foolish, unreasonable, irrational, meaningless, inept, senseless, nonsensical, illogical, ludicrous; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) rational, reasonable, logical, wise, weighty, sound, consistent, serious, plausible, credible, acceptable abuse: (n, v) affront, insult, outrage, reproach, harm, wrong; (v) mistreat, injure, violate; (adj, v) maltreat, profane. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect; (v) compliment, protect, nurture, laud, honor, help, flatter; (n) compliments, kindness, flattery accept: (v) acknowledge, take, admit, recognize, yield, abide, accede,

acquiesce, adopt, believe, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, reject, deny, snub, renounce, oppose, resist, disbelieve, dispute, repudiate, quibble according: (adj) pursuant, consonant, equal, agreeable, harmonious, conformable, consistent, corresponding, respondent; (adv) correspondingly, accordingly accordingly: (adv) therefore, thus, so, then, ergo, as a result, correspondingly, according, appropriately, as a consequence, properly. ANTONYM: (adv) unsuitable accursed: (adj) execrable, abominable, detestable, accurst, hateful, damned, damnable, maledict, blasted; (v) atrocious, stranded accuse: (v) charge, incriminate, arraign, denounce, defame, criminate, indict, fault, betray, condemn, inculpate. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, exculpate, exonerate, praise, support, clear adieu: (int, n) farewell; (n) vale, valediction, goodbye, leave, cheerio, adios, bye, so long, parting; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYM: (n) greeting admiring: (adj) admire, admiringly, loving, respectful, glowing, affectionate, amatory, appreciative, enthusiastic, flattering, approving. ANTONYMS: (adj) defamatory, critical, disdainful, disapproving, disrespectful, uncomplimentary admonish: (v) rebuke, chide, remonstrate, remind, reproach, scold, reprimand, reprove, expostulate, censure, caution. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, approve, commend, compliment, flatter, laud, reward, extol adonis: (n) daemon, genus Adonis; (adj) Antionous, narcissus, Hebe, Venus, Apollo, peri, Cupid,

Hyperion, the Graces advance: (v) accelerate, proceed, encourage, lend; (adv, v) further; (adj, v) promote; (n, v) rise, approach, raise, offer; (n) improvement. ANTONYMS: (v) recede, demote, regress, delay, retard, prevent, reverse; (n) deterioration, recession; (n, v) decrease, downgrade advancement: (n, v) advance; (n) promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth, development, cultivation, progression, improvement, progress, elevation. ANTONYMS: (n) reverse, downgrade, retreat, demotion advantage: (n) privilege, behalf, profit, good, preponderance, account, lead, virtue, expediency, perk; (n, v) boot. ANTONYMS: (n, v) disadvantage; (n) drawback, difficulty, detriment, hindrance, minus, restriction, obstacle, loss, inferiority, inconvenience adverse: (adj) unfavorable, contrary, untoward, hostile, harmful, adversary, repugnant, counter, pernicious, noisome; (adj, n) opposite. ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful, fortunate, aiding, beneficial, positive, advantageous, agreeable, desirable, pleasant, harmless afar: (adv) off, away, far away, distantly, beyond, Afar off, in the distance, by far, apart; (adj) outlying, far. ANTONYMS: (adv) close, nearby, near; (prep) within afeard: (adj) afraid affairs: (n) dealings, concern, circumstances, transaction, occupation, duty, matters, matter, personal business, gear, finances affect: (v) move, impress, pretend, act, strike, fake, feign, stir, dispose; (n) sentiment; (n, v) regard afflict: (n, v) pain, distress; (v)

136 trouble, grieve, torment, hurt, strike, aggrieve, smite, bother, disturb. ANTONYMS: (v) aid, comfort, encourage, help, soothe afraid: (adj) fearful, timid, shy, apprehensive, anxious, worried, scared, frightened, nervous, terrified; (adj, adv) cowardly. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, venturesome, calm, confident, cool, courageous, eager, unafraid, valiant, bold, carefree afterwards: (adv) afterward, subsequently, later, thereafter, later on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) following, subsequent; (n) termination again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also, often, once again, once more against: (adj, adv) counter; (prep) toward, versus, from; (pref) by; (v) oppose; (adv, prep) on; (n) opposition; (adj) unwilling, repugnant; (adv) athwart. ANTONYMS: (prep) for; (adj) eager aged: (adj) senile, elderly, older, hoary, ripe, venerable, ancient, senior, decrepit, antique, antiquated. ANTONYMS: (adj) youthful, new, fresh, green, unripe, unseasoned, smooth ages: (n) time out of mind, time immemorial, coon's age, blue moon, month of Sundays agree: (v) admit, acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, concord, bargain, suit, accede, harmonize, fit; (n, v) coincide. ANTONYMS: (v) oppose, differ, argue, refuse, object, refute, conflict, fight, dispute, decline, contend alarum: (n) alarm, alert, bell, alarm bell, alarm-bell, alerts, beat of drum, cry, sound of trumpet, signaling, signal of distress alas: (adv) unluckily, regrettably, sadly, unhappily, sorry to say; (n) oh; (int) lackaday. ANTONYM: (adv) luckily alcides: (n) Heracles, Herakles, Hercules allegiance: (n) adherence, dedication, devotion, faith, troth, faithfulness, commitment, fidelity, homage, constancy, fealty. ANTONYMS: (n) sedition, treason, betrayal, disobedience, enmity, treachery, indifference alliance: (n) connection, confederacy, combination, affinity, association, union, merger, organization, society,

King Henry VI, Part I affiliation, coalition. ANTONYMS: (n) nonalignment, antagonism, divergence, discord, hostility, animosity allotted: (adj) agreed, chosen, fixed, selected almost: (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) nearly, all but, near, nigh; (adv, prep) just about, approximately; (adv) just, mostly, virtually, most. ANTONYMS: (adv) surely, exactly, definitely, certainly alone: (adj) forlorn, individual, lonely, lonesome; (adj, adv) only, apart; (adv) solely, entirely, exclusively, separately, individually. ANTONYMS: (adj) overshadowed, ordinary, mobbed, equaled, crowded, accompanied, common, grouped, surpassed; (adv) jointly; (n) foe along: (adv) ahead, alongside, forwards, forth, throughout, lengthwise, onward, before; (prep) beside, from; (n) at. ANTONYMS: (adv) across, separate, apart, far aloof: (adj) distant, reserved, cool, standoffish, unconcerned, indifferent, unfriendly, frigid, arrogant, cold; (adv) afar. ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, involved, approachable, sociable, outgoing, open, enthusiastic, relaxed, communicative, affable, respectful aloud: (adv) loud, out loud, strong, out, audibly, hard, forte. ANTONYMS: (adv) softly, inaudibly, quietly already: (adv) beforehand, previously, before, formerly, even now, just now, at present, once, heretofore, yet, in advance altar: (n) shrine, Communion table, sanctuary, table, structure, sanctum sanctorum, sacristy, construction, examination hall, holy of Holies alteration: (n) adjustment, change, revision, shift, changeover, conversion, modification, variation, reversal, metamorphosis, amendment. ANTONYMS: (n) fixity, preservation although: (adv, prep) notwithstanding; (prep) in spite of, even though, however; (adv, conj) though; (conj) whereas; (adv) even, tho, when, anyway, tho' always: (adv) continuously, whenever, permanently, ever, usually, eternally, unceasingly; (adj) perpetual, still, eternal; (adj, adv)

without exception. ANTONYMS: (adv) erratically, intermittently, temporarily amaze: (adj, v) astonish, surprise; (v) dumbfound, baffle, astound, stagger, puzzle, dazzle, discombobulate, alarm; (adj) astonished. ANTONYM: (v) expect amazed: (adj) astounded, astonished, stunned, dumbfounded, flabbergasted, shocked, staggered, bewildered, surprised, thunderstruck, aghast ambassador: (n) emissary, minister, messenger, envoy, agent, delegate, representative, embassador, herald, ambassadress, deputy ambassadors: (n) ambassador ambition: (n) aim, hope, goal, drive, ambitiousness, wish, dream, purpose, target, objective, intention. ANTONYMS: (n) satisfaction, contentment, sloth, laziness, lethargy ambitious: (adj) eager, difficult, energetic, competitive, desirous, grandiose, enterprising, pushy, challenging; (adj, v) aspiring, vaulting. ANTONYMS: (adj) fulfilled, undemanding, unambitious, slothful, simple, satisfied, lazy, humble, facile, easy, content amity: (n) friendship, concord, companionship, benevolence, peace, harmony, friendliness, brotherhood, fellowship, sympathy, camaraderie. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, discord, antagonism, war, animosity among: (prep) between, amidst, mid, in, amongst, in the middle of, inter, in the midst of, with, within, middle. ANTONYM: (prep) outside amongst: (prep) amid, between, amidst, surrounded by, in the midst of, in the middle of, along with, with; (v) inter amort: (adj) dejected ancient: (adj) old, obsolete, antiquated, former, past, archaic, antique, primitive, bygone, hoary; (adj, n) elder. ANTONYMS: (adj) contemporary, young, recent, fresh, new, present, youthful, current anger: (n) fury, rage, displeasure, resentment, indignation; (v) incense, offend, irritate, exasperate; (adj) angry; (n, v) wrath. ANTONYMS: (v) placate, pacify, tickle; (n) pleasure, composure, glee, affection, serenity, goodwill, forbearance; (n, v) calm

William Shakespeare angry: (adj) anger, furious, provoked, incensed, vehement, fierce, irate, raging, maddened, shirty, indignation. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, gentle, joyful, content, euphoric, mild, happy, resigned, joyous, gleeful, quiet anointed: (adj) hallowed, divine, greasy; (v) anoint another: (adj) second, more, alternative, additional, new, further, fresh, extra; (adj, v) other; (adj, pron) some other; (n) the other. ANTONYMS: (n, pron) same answer: (n, v) respond, retort; (v) counter, serve, resolve, acknowledge, correspond; (n) solution, defence, return, reaction. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) ask, differ, fail, ignore; (n) request, problem, invitation, poison answers: (n) replies; (adj) answering antic: (n, v) clown; (n) prank, jest, lark, romp, joke, trick, jester; (adj) ludicrous, fantastical, fantastic apparent: (adj, adv) visible; (adj) discernible, patent, plain, open, obvious, ostensible, clear, definite, evident, perceptible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unclear, real, obscure, mysterious, hidden, ambiguous, unlikely, questionable, uncertain, imperceptible, doubtful appear: (v) occur, seem, sound, come out, turn up, show, emerge, break, arrive, feel, arise. ANTONYMS: (v) vanish, hide, stop, sink, recede, go, depart appearance: (n) look, face, shape, show, apparition, advent, form, image, surface, impression; (adj, n) semblance. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, vanishing appearing: (adj) seeming, beseen, emergent, accomplished; (n) coming into court; (prep) liking; (adj, adv) prima facie appears: (n) appearing applauded: (adj) famous, highly praised, commended approach: (n) access, entry, means, advent, coming, entrance, arrival; (n, v) advance; (v) accost, address; (adv, v) near. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, withdrawal, leaving, distancing; (v) end, withdraw, finish, distance, depart, conclude, close arbitrator: (n) arbiter, mediator, referee, umpire, judge, moderator, adjudicator, peacemaker, intermediary, third party, negotiator. ANTONYM: (n) fighter

argues: (v) argue argument: (n) proof, debate, matter, controversy, hassle, independent variable, contention, difference, justification, discussion, fight. ANTONYMS: (n) harmony, concord, accord, consensus, accusation, defense armed: (n) arms, arming; (adj, v) armed to the teeth; (adj) equipped, military, fitted, aggressive, prepared, violent, forcible, weaponed. ANTONYMS: (adj) unarmed, unprotected, armless, unprepared, peaceful armour: (n) armature, buckler, armour plate, cataphract arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed army: (n) troop, host, armed forces, battery, swarm, navy, multitude, force, flock; (adj, n) military; (adj) array arrival: (n) advent, accession, entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment, coming, comer, entry, reaching. ANTONYMS: (n) exit, leaving, disappearance, conclusion artillery: (n) battery, gun, cannon, field-artillery, cannonry, persuasion, voltigeur, dragoon, uhlan, mounted rifles, light horse ashes: (n) dust, cinders, remains, cinder, clay, earth, embers, clinker; (adj) scoriae, mother, precipitate aside: (adv) apart, away, beside, alongside, in reserve, off, abreast; (adj, adv) by; (n) digression, divagation, parenthesis. ANTONYMS: (adv) erectly, uprightly, vertically aspiring: (adj) aspirant, wishful, enterprising, envious, desirous, coming; (v) aspire, vaulting. ANTONYM: (adj) desperate assailing: (v) assail; (n) attack; (adj) aggressive, assailant, offensive assault: (n, v) storm, violence, raid, charge, onset, rape, thrust; (v) assail; (n) aggression, rush, offensive. ANTONYMS: (v) defend, protect, resist; (n) defense assembled: (adj) amassed, collected, collective, concentrated, united, gather, assembling, gathered, massed, built, aggregate assured: (adj, v) certain, sure; (adj) confident, guaranteed, positive, definite, assertive, confirmed,

137 convinced, reliable, safe. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncertain, doubtful, unsure, troubled, timid, questionable, hesitant, confused, halting, unlikely assuredly: (adv) certainly, confidently, positively, securely, indeed, definitely, undoubtedly, admittedly, safely, insuredly, decidedly asunder: (adj, v) separate; (adv) aside, in two; (adj, adv) in Twain; (adj) loose, distant, adrift, aloof; (v) discrete, far between, free. ANTONYM: (adv) together attached: (adj) affectionate, committed, affiliated, associated, devoted, fond, loving, loyal, near, added; (n) attachment. ANTONYMS: (adj) separate, unmarried, unattached, vagile, free, distant attend: (n, v) tend, escort, nurse, conduct; (v) assist, serve, minister, aid, look, partake, follow. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, leave, ignore, disregard, desert, abandon attendants: (n) entourage, followers, retinue, tendance, persons present, suite attended: (adj) attent, fraught, tended to attorney: (n) advocate, counsel, counselor, agent, legal representative, barrister, counsellor, solicitor, factor, prosecutor, ambulance chaser audacious: (adj) brash, arrogant, barefaced, bold, daring, impudent, intrepid, brave, shameless, enterprising, insolent. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, timid, cautious, polite, reserved, meek, humble, fearful, discreet, respectful audacity: (n) nerve, audaciousness, effrontery, arrogance, temerity, cheek, impertinence, insolence, courage; (n, v) impudence; (adj, n) presumption. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, propriety, decorum, circumspection, courtesy, fear, respect, spinelessness, reticence aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; (adj) any august: (adj, v) grand, stately, lordly, dignified, proud, great; (adj) majestic, royal, regal, superb; (n) Aug. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble, undignified, pedestrian, lowly, ignoble, modest, disreputable authority: (n) ascendancy, sanction,

138 warrant, administration, authorization, professional, judge, hold, domination, dominance; (adj, n) rule. ANTONYMS: (n) novice, neophyte, weakness, apprentice, servility, servitude, refusal, powerlessness, insecurity, inferiority, indecisiveness avail: (n, v) advantage, assist, aid, profit, benefit, help; (adj, n) service; (n) good, assistance, utility; (v) do. ANTONYMS: (v) useless, hurt, hinder, harm; (n) inappropriateness avaunt: (n, v) vaunt, boast; (v) melt away, go, vanish, disappear, dissolve, fade, pass avenge: (v) revenge, punish, retaliate, wreak, vindicate, repay, get even, penalize, requite, vengeance, venge. ANTONYMS: (v) excuse, overlook, tolerate, pardon await: (v) anticipate, abide, bide, tarry, wait, attend, look, hope, approach, loom, come on. ANTONYM: (v) doubt awake: (v) wake, awaken, realize, waken; (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, keen, intelligent; (adj, v) broad awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconscious, sleeping, comatose, sleepy, relaxed; (v) deaden, lull, sleep away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj, adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv) aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth; (adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near, close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly, discontinuously, in awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; (adv) briefly babes: (n) babies, babe bachelorship: (n) bachelorhood, celibacy, single, singleness, spinsterhood, unmarried badge: (n) sign, emblem, insignia, medal, token, plaque, symbol, logo, indication, identification, characteristic baleful: (adj) baneful, destructive, sinister, harmful, pernicious, threatening, fatal, hurtful, inauspicious, maleficent, malevolent. ANTONYMS: (adj) benign, innocuous, harmless, favorable band: (n) cluster, set, party, swathe, lace, knot, collar, circle, strip, zone, company. ANTONYMS: (v) disperse, divide, scatter, disband banding: (n) stripe, ring, circle, strip, strapping, neckband, adornment,

King Henry VI, Part I banded structure, banding treatment, lace, binding bands: (n) cords, stripes banish: (v) dispel, expel, displace, relegate, oust, expatriate, eject, dismiss, transport, cast out; (adj, v) exile. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, embrace, adopt, invite, include banning: (n) ban, prohibition, forbidding, prohibiting, inhibition, interdiction, bachelor of arts in nursing, ineligibility, disqualification, forbiddance banquet: (v) junket, revel, regale; (n) party, celebration, carousal, treat, entertainment, spread, dinner, reception. ANTONYM: (n) snack bare: (adj) naked, austere, bald, stark, bleak, exposed, desolate, plain; (adj, v) empty, vacant; (v) show. ANTONYMS: (adj) cultivated, ornate, concealed, elaborate, adorned, decorated, dressed, clothed, embellished; (v) cover, conceal bargain: (adj, n, v) cheap; (n, v) covenant, deal; (n) agreement, treaty, arrangement, buy, chaffer; (v) exchange, stipulate, agree. ANTONYM: (adj) inflated barking: (adj) latrant; (n) abay, latration bars: (n) grinding media, gymnastics, parallel bars base: (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, low, vile, ignoble, bad, contemptible; (n) foundation; (n, v) ground; (v) found. ANTONYMS: (n) top, summit, frill, ceiling, apex; (adj) noble, honest, good, principled, grand, pleasant basely: (adv) vilely, bottomly, sordidly, shamefully, foully, menially, lowly, depravedly, villainously, badly, poorly basset: (n) basset hound, hound; (v) crop out, appear bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake; (adj) spurious, phony, misbegotten, bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n) whoreson, love child, illegitimate child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered battery: (n) troop, cell, barrage, army, suite, company, artillery, assault and battery, barrage fire, primary cell, squad battle: (n, v) fight, struggle, combat, contest, war, conflict, clash, brawl; (v) wrestle; (n) fighting, warfare. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, agreement, truce, concord, armistice, accord, surrender

beacon: (n, v) guide; (n) cairn, flare, pharos, lighthouse, signal, light, watchtower, beacon light, buoy, sign bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers, moustache, sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) shaven bearded: (adj) barbate, awny, whiskered, hairy, aristate, coniform, calamiform, gladiate, pilous, shagged, echinate bearing: (n, v) demeanor; (n) manner, direction, deportment, conduct, attitude, aspect, approach, appearance, respect, air. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, irrelevance; (adj) nonbearing bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, order Carnivora beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap, knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce, pulsate, bat; (n) round. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, help, divide, cede, aid, separate, surrender; (adj) invigorated, energized; (n) caress, pat beaten: (adj) overpowered, routed, conquered, overcome, prostrate, frothy, trounced, worsted; (v) beat, lose, fail. ANTONYMS: (adj) heartened, uplifted, triumphant, encouraged, loose beating: (n) reverse, defeat, whipping, thrashing, battery, flogging, pounding, pulsation, pulse, rout; (adj) pulsing. ANTONYMS: (n) victory, win beauteous: (adj) pretty, lovely, fair, comely, good-looking, handsome, stunning beautiful: (adj) attractive, goodlooking, bright, neat, beauteous, pleasant, picturesque, fine, pretty, lovely; (n) beauty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unattractive, homely, grotesque, plain, repulsive, awkward, ordinary, dull beauty: (n) attractiveness, beaut, charm, pulchritude, loveliness, exquisiteness, grace, grandeur, looker, good looks; (adj) beautiful. ANTONYMS: (n) hag, plainness, shortcoming, flaw, witch, dog, disadvantage, detraction, repulsiveness, eyesore,

William Shakespeare awkwardness become: (v) grow, suit, be, match, come about, arise, get, sit, to become, fall; (adj) becoming. ANTONYMS: (v) halt, stay, lower, stop, reduce, clash becomes: (v) become bedew: (v) dew, dampen, wet, irrigate, irrorate, damp, sponge bees: (n) Apoidea, superfamily Apoidea befall: (v) bechance, become, happen, fall, arise, come about, occur, betide, chance, transpire, pass before: (adv) ahead, ago, in front, previously, already, forth; (adv, prep) fore, afore; (adj) preceding, prior; (adj, adv) earlier. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) later, behind, afterward, after; (adv) subsequently, ahead; (adj) subsequent began: (v) Gan beget: (v) father, engender, generate, get, produce, procreate, create, sire, cause, breed, bring about. ANTONYMS: (v) extinguish, destroy begotten: (adj) generated, biological, create beguile: (v) attract, charm, enchant, allure, captivate, bluff, entrap, enthrall, lure, fascinate; (n, v) cheat. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, irritate, irk, bore, advise, guard, annoy, repel begun: (adj) present behalf: (n) sake, part, interest, behoof, defense, lieu, good, stead, score, service, side beheaded: (adj) headless beheld: (adj) visual behind: (adj, n) back, rear; (adj, adv) backward, late; (adv) backwards, later, aback, beyond; (n) backside, can; (prep) abaft. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early; (adv) fore; (adj) prompt behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, ignore, overlook beholding: (n) fusion, seeing, visual perception, look believe: (n) belief, believing; (v) assume, conceive, consider, reckon, guess, accredit, to believe, understand; (n, v) trust. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, doubt, question, suspect, reject, discredit, deny, despair bell: (n, v) chime; (n) gong, Alexander Graham Bell, ring,

doorbell, handbell, tocsin, alarum, Alexander Bell, buzz, angelus bells: (n) addition, approval, matrimony, marriage, approbation, wedding belong: (v) appertain, pertain, lie, go, belong to, attach, dwell, consist, come, rank, stand. ANTONYMS: (v) separate, disagree, disassociate, leave, quit, differ below: (adv, prep) under, underneath; (adj) low; (adj, adv) after; (adv) down, infra, downstairs, at a lower place, downwards, down below; (prep) less than. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over; (prep) more; (adv) upstairs bend: (n, v) bow, turn, arch, arc, crook, twist, elbow; (adj, n, v) curve; (v) stoop, crouch; (adj, v) flex. ANTONYMS: (n, v) square; (v) align, unbend, leave benefit: (n, v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help, gain, favor; (n) good, assistance, service, interest. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, drawback, ill, detriment, hindrance; (n, v) harm; (v) hinder, hurt, injure, impair, disfavor bent: (adj) curved, arched, deformed, crooked; (n) propensity, inclination, fancy, leaning, flair, gift, curvature. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, inability, aversion; (adj) undetermined, undecided, uncurved, uncaring, rigid, unbent bereave: (v) strip, deprive of, divest, rob, despoil, oust, lose, abridge, seize, confiscate, debar besiege: (v) beset, beleaguer, surround, blockade, attack, compass, hem in, press, importune, assail, bombard. ANTONYMS: (v) help, please best: (adj, n) supreme, most, elite; (adj) superior, great, leading, choice, superlative; (v) beat, outdo; (adj, n, v) top. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) worst; (v) lose, surrender; (adj) minimum, lowest, least, inferior, incorrect, fewest; (n) loser; (adv) insincerely bestow: (v) give, confer, grant, impart, contribute, donate, apply, award; (adj, v) accord, allow, present. ANTONYMS: (v) deprive, refuse, withhold, retrieve, withdraw betray: (v) deceive, bewray, sell, grass, dupe, reveal, mislead, disclose, accuse, befool, bamboozle. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, undeceive, hide, defend, withhold better: (adj, v) improve, mend; (adj,

139 adv, v) best; (v) recover, ameliorate, emend, reform, advance, enhance, surpass; (n) bettor. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) worse; (adj, n) inferior; (v) worsen, deteriorate; (adj) lesser, lower, tinier, ill, unhealthy, smaller, sicker betwixt: (n) midst; (prep) among, amid; (adv) atwixt beware: (v) look out, caution, be careful, guard, pay attention, take care, watch out, mind, keep, care, careful. ANTONYMS: (v) risk, disregard, invite bill: (n, v) placard; (n) beak, card, advertisement, poster, invoice, receipt, act, bank note, check; (v) advertise. ANTONYM: (n) credit bind: (adj, v) attach, fix, fasten, affix; (n) band; (v) bandage, lace, fetter, bundle, truss, combine. ANTONYMS: (v) untie, unbind, free, unfasten, unravel, permit, loosen, loose, let; (n, v) release; (n) pleasure birth: (n) beginning, genesis, ancestry, descent, extraction, start, onset, parentage, origin; (v) delivery; (n, v) parturition. ANTONYMS: (n) death, bereavement, ending, finale, finish, passing, end, decease, conclusion, demise bishop: (n) pontiff, primate, chessman, prelate, minister, metropolitan, Martin, lord; (v) wassail, flip, punch bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid; (adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle black: (adj) sable, dark, ebony, colored, bleak, dirty, evil, nigger, darkie, unclean; (adj, n) blackamoor. ANTONYMS: (v) whiten; (adj) spotless, snowy, saintly, pale, optimistic, merry, light, angelic, ivory, bright blame: (v) arraign, chide; (n, v) reprimand, censure, attack, charge, reproach, rap, rebuke, fault; (n) onus. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise; (v) absolve, exonerate, commend, clear, acquit; (n) vindication, exoneration, honor, absolution, glory bleeding: (adj) bloody, gory, blasted; (n) haemorrhage, bloodletting, runout, cupping, leeches, venesection, phlebotomy; (v) bleed

140 bless: (v) consecrate, celebrate, sanctify, anoint, eulogize, sign, praise, keep, grant, glorify; (n) blessing. ANTONYMS: (v) curse, condemn, disapprove, damn, disallow, deny blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved, unhappy, unholy, secular blessing: (n) benediction, approval, mercy, felicity, benison, benefit, luck, advantage, boon, bless, godsend. ANTONYMS: (n) curse, misfortune, disaster, condemnation, adversity, desecration, refusal, veto, disadvantage blind: (n) curtain, shutter, veil, drape, awning, trick; (v) bedazzle, dazzle, daze; (adj) sightless; (adj, v) obscure. ANTONYMS: (adj) sighted, uncovered, understanding, sharp, seeing, revealed, quick, perceptive, open, controlled, cautious blood: (n) birth, gore, nature, origin, kindred, lineage, descent, family, beau, pedigree; (adj) juice bloody: (adj) brutal, bleeding, ruddy, bloodthirsty, sanguineous, sanguine, savage, bloodstained, damned, raw; (adv) damn. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, soft blossom: (adj, n, v) flower, blow; (n, v) bud; (n) blooming, heyday, efflorescence; (v) prosper, flourish, thrive, progress, unfold. ANTONYMS: (v) wither, deteriorate, struggle, shrivel, shrink, fade, die; (n) withering blot: (n, v) spot, blemish, smudge, mark, slur, taint, shame; (v) tarnish, blob; (n) blotch; (adj, n) fault. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, grace, soak, wet, beautify, improve, enhance blow: (n) beat, knock, shock, wallop, gust, jolt; (adj, n, v) gasp, puff; (n, v) blast, slap; (v) squander. ANTONYMS: (n, v) calm; (v) save, conserve, store, stillness, inhale, come, arrive; (n) luck, comfort, caress blue: (adj) depressed, down, gloomy, low, spicy, livid, naughty, sapphire, sad, downhearted, downcast. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, happy, joyous, refined, moral, decent, upbeat, joyful, gay, cheerful, cheery bluntly: (adv) frankly, directly, rudely, bluffly, coarsely,

King Henry VI, Part I forthrightly, candidly, curtly, brusquely, gruffly, openly. ANTONYMS: (adv) deceitfully, hesitantly, indirectly, guardedly, politely blush: (n, v) glow, color; (v) redden, crimson; (n) red, bloom, rosiness, ruddiness, redness; (adj) bashful; (adv) blushingly. ANTONYMS: (v) blanch, pale, blench; (n) paleness blushing: (adj) rosy, coy, blushful, flushed, red, shy, bashful, overmodest, ruddy; (adv) blushingly, ablush. ANTONYM: (adj) pale boast: (v) bluster, brag, blow, crow, gasconade, show off, rodomontade, exult; (n, v) vaunt, pride; (n) arrogance. ANTONYMS: (n) deprecation; (v) downplay, lack boasting: (n) bluster, bravado, rodomontade, swagger, braggadocio, ostentation, show; (v) brag; (adj) swaggering, vaporing, strutting bodies: (n) people, public body: (n) cadaver, corpse, organization, cluster, set, carcass, figure, consistency, aggregate, association; (adj, n) mass. ANTONYMS: (n) handful, mind, minority, soul, few boiling: (adj) hot, ebullient, heated, burning, scalding, torrid, humid; (adj, v) effervescent; (v) seethe, effervesce; (n) ebullience. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, happy, frozen, cooled, cool, collected, calm, fresh, airy bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless, spirited, heroic, daring, courageous, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, modest, afraid, meek, shy, light, courteous, discreet, faint, fearful, abashed bolingbroke: (n) Henry Bolingbroke bondage: (n) thrall, thraldom, thralldom, slavery, captivity, enslavement, duress, restraint, yoke, vassalage; (adj, n) villenage. ANTONYMS: (n) independence, emancipation, freedom bonds: (n) securities, stock, stocks, handcuffs, irons, chains, servitude, common stock, confinement, preferred stock bones: (n) bone, frame, corpse, dry bones, framework, maraca, physician, finger cymbals, tymbal, wreck, timbrel book: (v) order, reserve, inscribe,

apply, write; (n) account book, pamphlet, journal, volume; (n, v) list, record. ANTONYMS: (v) free, exonerate books: (n) notebook, account, ledger, literature, accountancy bordeaux: (n) Bordeaux mixture, Bordeaux wine born: (adj) native, natural, congenital, inbred, inborn, innate, inherent, untutored; (v) be born, to be born, arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned, unborn, acquired, trained borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority bought: (n) crook, hook bound: (n, v) leap, jump, border, bounce, limit, edge, vault, recoil; (n) boundary, barrier, compass. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, amble, crawl, limp, permit; (adj) permitted, released, unbound, allowed, unlikely bounded: (adj) restricted, limited, delimited, encircled, enclosed, confined, leap, spring, bordered, circumscribed, constrained. ANTONYMS: (adj) unbounded, unconfined, unlimited, free bounds: (n) boundary, border, limit, bound, margin, borderline, end, bourn, Bourne, brink, edge. ANTONYMS: (n) center, middle bout: (n, v) round; (n) attack, spell, turn, competition, fight, battle, fighting, effort, game, fit bowels: (n) gut, compassion, pity, inside, bowel, viscera, innards, belly, guts, insides, intestines brains: (n) cleverness, intellect, intelligence, sense, mind, wisdom, pate, wit, wits, reason; (adj, n) head. ANTONYM: (n) stupidity brainsick: (adj) crazy, dizzy, thoughtless, mad, giddy, unhinged, disturbed, unbalanced, sick, muzzy, distracted branches: (n) branch, brushwood brat: (n) imp, bairn, rogue, urchin, scamp, kid, monkey, whippersnapper, scalawag, pickaninny, jackanapes brave: (adj, n) bold, hardy; (adj) audacious, fearless, courageous, virile, intrepid, valiant; (adj, v) endure; (v) defy, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) cowardly, frightened, pathetic,

William Shakespeare gutless, afraid, cautious, fainthearted, meek, mousy, nervous; (v) skip bravely: (adv) courageously, fearlessly, valiantly, boldly, intrepidly, dauntlessly, gallantly, audaciously, undauntedly, heroically, doughtily. ANTONYMS: (adv) timidly, fearfully, execrably, nervously brawl: (n, v) fight, quarrel, affray, clash, dispute; (adj, n, v) row; (adj, n) disturbance, tumult; (n) altercation, strife; (v) bicker breach: (n, v) break, rupture, fissure, split; (n) rift, opening, trespass, crack, infringement; (v) contravene, violate. ANTONYMS: (n) bridge, connection, upholding, adherence, accord, mend; (v) obey, observe, seal, uphold, honor break: (n, v) crack, fracture, breach, burst, rupture, stop, pause; (n) interruption, respite, suspension; (v) infringe. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, honor, lose, make, observe, resume, stay, strengthen; (n, v) mend; (n) continuation, misfortune breaker: (n) chopper, billow, surf, surge, trainer, circuit breaker, wave, ait, atoll, crusher, switch breaking: (n) breakage, breach, violation, infringement, contravention, smash, rift, scutching, shift, intermission; (v) deaden breast: (n) boob, udder, tit, titty, chest, knocker, mammilla, bust, pap, heart; (n, v) front breasts: (n) chest, booby breath: (n) wind, air, inspiration, puff, soul, aspiration, respite, airflow; (v) breathe, respire; (adj, n) whisper breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale breathing: (adj) animate, live, living, respiratory, alive, above ground; (v) breathe, respire; (n) respiration, instant, moment. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, breathless, dead breed: (n) variety, race, kind, ancestry, sort, order, species; (v) engender, multiply, beget, bear. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, eradicate, ignore, kill, neglect, quell bride: (n) fiance, Bridget, Brigid, saint Brigid, saint Bridget, honeymooner, prioress, newlywed, participant,

wife, bridegroom. ANTONYMS: (n) bridegroom, groom bridge: (n, v) span, stretch; (n) pontoon, tie, nosepiece, footbridge, crossing; (v) bridge over, connect, link, traverse. ANTONYMS: (n) split, separation, chasm, break, division; (v) unlink, detach, disjoin brier: (n) briar, thorn, eglantine, Erica arborea, Smilax rotundifolia, flora, nettle, sprig, vegetation; (adj) beard, thistle bright: (adj) alive, vivid, intelligent, apt, shining, brilliant, lustrous, luminous, light, beaming, shiny. ANTONYMS: (adj) cloudy, stupid, gloomy, dim, unintelligent, dreary, dark, overcast, shadowy, thick, leaden bring: (v) convey, get, take, bear, carry, put, conduct, return, reduce, set, bring in. ANTONYMS: (v) drop, free, leave, lose, remove, avoid broach: (v) bring up, mention, raise, suggest, tap, open; (n, v) propose, utter; (n) advance, drift, propound. ANTONYMS: (v) close, suppress broad: (adj) wide, sweeping, comprehensive, vast, general, extensive, large, ample, free, big; (n) female. ANTONYMS: (adj) specific, thin, restricted, polite, minor, limited, exclusive, dogmatic, decent, cultured, confined broke: (adj) bankrupt, poor, insolvent, impecunious, penniless, impoverished, skint, bust, destitute, strapped, ruined. ANTONYMS: (adj) solvent, wealthy, affluent brook: (v) endure, abide, stomach, stand, tolerate, digest, suffer, support, undergo; (n, v) creek; (n) stream. ANTONYMS: (v) spurn, resist, reject, prohibit brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, associate, counterpart, crony, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) enemy, opposer, opponent brows: (n) brow buckle: (n, v) clasp, warp; (v) curve, crumple, distort, fasten; (adj, n) button; (n) screw, hook, fastener; (adj) strap. ANTONYMS: (v) unbuckle, flatten, smooth, straighten buckled: (v) wreathy, frizzly, crepe; (adj) warped, misshapen, malformed, distorted, askew, deformed budge: (adj, v) move, go; (v) stir, agitate, change, sway, dislodge, bump, rouse, push; (adj) flit.

141 ANTONYMS: (v) remain, stay bull: (n) rot, ox, hogwash, absurdity, bear, buck, guff, shit, male; (n, v) bullshit; (adj, n) blunder. ANTONYMS: (n) truth, bear bulwark: (n, v) shield, safeguard, guard; (n) rampart, wall, barrier, breakwater, bastion, defense, battlement, buffer. ANTONYM: (n) weakness bulwarks: (n) breakwater, barrier burgundy: (adj, n) red; (n) Chablis, burgundy wine, Bourgogne; (adj) crimson, dark red, maroon, reddish purple, ruby, scarlet burial: (v) bury, funebrial; (n) sepulture, entombment, burying, inhumation, funeral, concealment, sepulcher, hiding, committal burn: (adj, v) glow; (n, v) bite, fire, sunburn; (v) sting, scorch, incinerate, blaze, flare, ignite, cremate. ANTONYMS: (v) smother, give, subdue, help, quench, repay, stifle, extinguish, wet burning: (adj) blazing, ablaze, boiling, afire, flaming, hot; (n) combustion, firing; (adj, n) passionate, zealous, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, trivial, cool, out, painless, quenched, soothing, unimportant, apathetic, insignificant, unconcerned burst: (adj, n, v) crack; (adj, v) split, blow up, explode, splinter, detonate; (n, v) rupture, blast; (adj, n) flash; (v) break out, belch. ANTONYMS: (v) attach, join, connect, fasten, trickle bury: (v) inter, overwhelm, lay to rest, hide, mask, secrete, conceal, cloak, entomb, suppress; (n) burial. ANTONYMS: (v) exhume, unearth, uncover, dig, disclose, distract, expose, ignore, reveal, air, remember caesar: (n) dictator, Gaius Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar, king call: (n, v) appeal, shout, bellow, name, yell, howl, request, appoint; (v) bid, summon; (n) call option. ANTONYMS: (v) whisper, mutter, cancel, listen, stop, suppose, murmur; (n) dismissal, give, grant, silence called: (adj) named, titled, chosen, known as; (v) nempt, ycleped calls: (n) securities, puts, bonds, preferred stock, common stock cambridge: (n) Cambridge university came: (v) arrive, come camp: (n) faction, encampment, base, barracks, cantonment, laager, side;

142 (v) pitch, tent, camp out; (adj) campy canker: (n) cancer, corruption, blight; (v) corrode, erode; (adj, n) rot; (adj, v) pollute, vitiate; (adj) contaminate, poison, taint. ANTONYMS: (v) help, protect canvass: (n, v) campaign, discuss; (n) review; (v) beg, examine, scrutinize, view, agitate, inspect, survey, study. ANTONYM: (v) neglect captain: (n) head, master, leader, guide, commodore, commander, boss, skipper, chieftain; (v) govern, manage. ANTONYM: (n) minion captivate: (adj, v) attract, charm, fascinate; (v) bewitch, enchant, take, lure, hypnotize; (n, v) allure, tempt, entice. ANTONYMS: (v) repulse, disillusion, offend, bore, annoy card: (n) calling card, board, bill of fare, ticket, label, postal, identity card, menu, notice, placard, visiting card cardinal: (adj) capital, fundamental, central, main, key, chief, primal; (adj, n) paramount, essential, vital, radical. ANTONYMS: (adj) secondary, inessential, insignificant, minor, ordinal, unimportant care: (adj, n, v) anxiety; (n, v) attention, charge, worry; (n) caution, bother, concern, apprehension, aid, custody; (v) attend. ANTONYMS: (n) carelessness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, rashness, negligence, vagueness, unconcern; (n, v) disregard, dislike; (v) loathe, abhor carpenter: (n) woodman, woodsman, woodworker, Joseph; (v) build carping: (adj, v) captious, critical, censorious; (adj) hypercritical, picky, irritable, querulous; (n) faultfinding, criticism, cavil, censoriousness carried: (adj) conveyed, imported carry: (v) convey, bring, take, conduct, acquit, behave, accept, transport, comport, hold, pack. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, lose, censor, fail, hold, conceal case: (n) example, box, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, affair, briefcase, business; (adj, n) eccentric cast: (n, v) throw, stamp, form, fling, shape, figure; (v) shed, pitch, chuck; (n) casting, appearance. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, receive, subtract, reject, take, gather, catch, retain, keep castle: (n) fortification, stronghold,

King Henry VI, Part I castling, fort, palace, mansion, tower, house; (n, v) fortress, citadel, keep. ANTONYMS: (n) shack, cottage cates: (v) dainty, delicacy, viands; (n) acates cause: (n) case, action, account; (n, v) occasion, allow; (v) breed, do, induce, beget, motivate, provoke. ANTONYMS: (n) effect, result, outcome; (v) foil, deter, forestall, prevent, stop, halt, quell, retard cavil: (v) carp, split hairs, equivocate, quarrel, protest, repudiate, nitpick, knock, reproach; (adj) refine; (n) censoriousness cease: (n, v) end, finish, stop; (v) quit, terminate, break, break off, close, conclude, discontinue, abstain. ANTONYMS: (v) begin, start, commence, persist, stay celebrate: (v) extol, keep, praise, acclaim, laud, honor, fete, solemnize, applaud, honour, triumph. ANTONYMS: (v) overlook, mourn, forget, disregard, condemn celestial: (adj) ethereal, divine, supernal, angelic, holy, sacred, astronomical, unworldly, superlunary, from on high; (n) heaven. ANTONYMS: (adj) mundane, secular, terrestrial, mortal censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand, reproach, attack, animadversion, abuse; (n) accusation, condemnation; (v) carp, condemn, berate. ANTONYMS: (v) approve, commend, allow, endorse, laud, permit, sanction; (n) approval, blessing, commendation; (n, v) compliment centre: (n) core, middle, navel, midpoint, heart, waist, hub, centering; (v) concentrate, focus, centralize certain: (adj) definite, sure, assured, absolute, reliable, indisputable, dependable, unquestionable, undeniable, unavoidable, unequivocal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsure, doubtful, questionable, hesitant, debatable, erratic, faulty, indistinct, vague, doubting, undecided certainly: (adv) assuredly, definitely, positively, clearly, necessarily, undoubtedly, actually, securely, confidently, absolutely; (adj, adv) really. ANTONYMS: (adv) doubtfully, possibly, equivocally, perhaps

certify: (v) attest, assure, endorse, accredit, bear witness, affirm, ensure, confirm, declare, guarantee; (n, v) warrant. ANTONYMS: (v) counteract, decertify, deny, invalidate, reject, cancel chain: (n) network, rope, cable, band, catena, range; (adj, n, v) tether; (v) bind, fetter; (adj, v) tie; (n, v) handcuff. ANTONYMS: (v) emancipate, liberate, unchain, detach chair: (n, v) chairman; (n) bench, president, chairperson, throne, couch, armchair, electric chair, chairwoman; (v) moderate, lead challenge: (n, v) defy, dare, brave; (n) defiance, protest, contest; (v) dispute, ask, provoke, impeach, demur. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, answer, avoid, prove, accept, bolster, stifle, correspond; (n) yield, pushover, acquiesce champagne: (v) chain lightning, cocktail; (n) sparkling wine, blonde champion: (n) partisan, backer, hero, fighter, champ, warrior, victor, defender; (adj, n) ace; (n, v) support; (v) defend. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, counter; (n) loser, detractor, attacker, opponent; (adj) worst, poorest, lousy chance: (n, v) hazard, adventure, risk, venture, bet; (n) fortune, probability, opportunity; (adj) accidental; (adj, n) contingency; (v) befall. ANTONYMS: (adj) intentional, deliberate, designed, arranged, planned, foreseeable; (n, v) plan; (n) predictability, misfortune, certainty; (v) protect change: (n, v) shift, barter, twist, cash; (v) alter, alternate, adapt, convert; (n) alteration, modification, variation. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, maintain, idle, hold, establish, standardize; (n) stability, bills, constancy, preservation, uniformity changed: (adj) transformed, varied, switched, change, transform, converted, distorted, affected, changeling, disguised, inverse. ANTONYM: (adj) unchanged charge: (n, v) blame, care, burden, commission, command, attack, bill, load, tax; (n) accusation; (v) bid. ANTONYMS: (v) request, discharge, plead, beg, compensate, aid, credit, calm; (n, v) retreat, absolve, unload charles: (n) Jacques Charles, prince Charles, Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles, Charles river

William Shakespeare charming: (adj) beautiful, lovely, captivating, winning, attractive, enchanting, delightful, pleasing, nice, magic, cute. ANTONYMS: (adj) repellent, unpleasant, unappealing, repulsive, charmless, disgusting, gross, irritating, offensive, uninteresting, annoying chase: (v) pursue, trail, follow, track, stalk, expel, banish, go after; (n, v) hunt, search; (n) game. ANTONYMS: (v) escape, lead, find, precede chastise: (v) castigate, chasten, correct, reprimand, punish, criticize, beat, scold, chew out, flog; (n, v) scourge. ANTONYMS: (v) comfort, bless, commend, promote, reward, encourage chastisement: (n) castigation, rebuke, discipline, punishment, penalty, reprimand, chastening, reproval, penalization, lashing, scolding. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, reward cheeks: (n) Gemini, twins, couple, posterior, pair, deuce, two, duet cheer: (v) animate, applaud, amuse, hearten, inspire, lighten; (n, v) comfort, delight, cry; (adj, v) embolden; (n) consolation. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, boo, uncheerfulness, hiss, pessimism, raspberry; (v) depress, discourage, dissuade, complain, jeer cheerfully: (adj, adv) gladly; (adv, v) happily; (adv) merrily, readily, brightly, jovially, cheerily, genially, chirpily, lively, blithely. ANTONYMS: (adv) bleakly, dismally, grimly, sullenly, unhappily, somberly, sadly, grudgingly, gloomily, dourly, forlornly chief: (adj, n) principal, head, cardinal, capital, arch, essential, paramount; (n) administrator, boss, executive, leader. ANTONYMS: (adj) associate, secondary, junior, smallest, inessential, unimportant, least, trivial; (n) subordinate, underling, inferior child: (n) baby, babe, bairn, infant, kid, toddler, tot, girl, brat, juvenile, minor. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, parent children: (n) child, offspring, descendant, family, seed, boy, babies, descendants, birth, relatives, people choice: (n) vote, alternative, selection, option, preference, pick, pleasure,

volition; (adj, n) favorite, election; (adj) excellent. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, fair, poor, worst, ordinary, inappropriate; (n) coercion, dearth, restriction, dislike choke: (v) asphyxiate, block, stifle, back up, clog up, gag, suffocate, foul, strangle, smother, obstruct. ANTONYMS: (v) free, open, release, unblock choler: (n) anger, bile, resentment, rage, madness, dander, spleen, petulance, indignation, irritability, ire choose: (v) adopt, elect, select, pick, prefer, take, appoint, assign, decide, excerpt; (n) picking. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, waver, decline, forgo, spurn, dislike, elect chose: (v) choose, opt, decide; (n) thing chosen: (adj, n) elect; (adj) preferred, select, favored, named; (adj, v) designate, desired, designated; (n) deary, ducky, dearie. ANTONYMS: (adj) ignored, involuntary christian: (adj) Catholic, scriptural, pietist, monotheistic, divine, evangelical, Christianly, moral, theist; (n) Christianity, devotee church: (n) cathedral, abbey, chapel, meetinghouse, denomination, minster, place of worship, kirk, Fane, Christian church, Christianity churlish: (adj) rude, rough, impolite, loutish, gruff, curt, abrupt, brusque, blunt, brutish, discourteous. ANTONYMS: (adj) agreeable, civil, courteous, nice, polite circle: (n) association, field, range, beat, set; (n, v) ring, band, compass, turn, whirl; (v) encircle circumstance: (n) affair, incident, matter, event, occasion, chance, accident, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact citizens: (n) people, population, inhabitants, populace, public, commonwealth, country, the general public, the public, the populace city: (adj) municipal, urban, civic, public; (n) borough, the City, burgh, village, metropolis, municipality, state. ANTONYMS: (adj) suburban, country, private civil: (adj) courteous, civic, gracious, affable, obliging, municipal, mannerly, public, civilised, courtly, domestic. ANTONYMS: (adj) abrupt, impolite, critical, unrefined, sidereal, uncivil, unkind, barbaric, discourteous, private

143 clad: (adj) dressed, attired, clothed, coated, garbed; (n) cladding; (prep) gowned; (v) costume, shod, dress, attire. ANTONYMS: (adj) undressed, unclothed claim: (n, v) call, charge, need, requisition; (n) allegation, privilege; (v) assert, exact, ask, want, arrogate. ANTONYMS: (v) disclaim, forfeit, waive, question, lose, grant, refute, request; (n) denial, disclaimer, response clamorous: (adj) noisy, blatant, loud, boisterous, insistent, exigent, urgent, obstreperous, strident; (adj, v) clamant, importunate. ANTONYM: (adj) tranquil clarence: (n) whisky, Victoria, phaeton, mail phaeton, landau, drag, coach, chariot, brougham, break, barouche clear: (adj) clean, certain, distinct; (adj, v) acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, empty; (adj, n) open; (v) exculpate. ANTONYMS: (adj) opaque, cloudy, incomprehensible, uncertain, dark, hazy, vague, fuzzy, obscure, confused, puzzling climbing: (n) climb, ascension, mounting, mountain climbing, mountaineering, rock climbing, acclivity; (v) ascending, uprise, arise; (adj) scandent clocks: (n) alfilaria, alfileria, storksbill, pin clover, redstem storksbill, pin grass, filaria, filaree close: (n, v) end, stop, finish; (adj, adv, prep) nearby; (adj, adv) adjacent, tight; (adj, v) compact, approximate; (adj) accurate; (adv, prep) by; (n) conclusion. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) open; (n, v) start; (adj) distant, airy, loose, fresh, far, inaccurate, unfamiliar; (v) begin, unlock clothes: (n) apparel, clothing, dress, garb, wardrobe, vestment, garment, cloth, thing, gown, wear clothing: (n) attire, threads, outfit, gear, dress, cloth, duds, habit, wear; (n, v) apparel, vesture clubs: (n) spades clustering: (n) bunch, clusterization, clunk, Pleiades, tussock, tuft, swad; (v) classification, analysis, division, digestion coast: (n) shore, bank, seaside, beach, seashore, waterside, brink; (n, v) slide, glide; (adj) coastal; (v) drift. ANTONYMS: (v) bump, lurch, struggle; (n) inland, Midlands coat: (v) cloak, blanket; (n, v) sheath,

144 plaster; (n) coating, fur, film, crust, jacket, layer, bark. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, expose coffer: (n) box, chest, case, caisson, casket, trunk, safe, strongbox, treasury, crate, coffers coffin: (n) casket, sarcophagus, chest, cask, hearse, urn, carriage, automobile, catafalque; (v) to drive a nail in one's coffin, bury cognizance: (n, v) cognition, acquaintance; (n) sense, consciousness, ken, notice, jurisdiction, note, observation, recognition; (v) knowledge cold: (n) chilliness, chill; (adj) chilly, frigid, distant, indifferent, aloof, callous, icy, apathetic, impassive. ANTONYMS: (adj) warm, friendly, hot, prepared, burning, affectionate, loving, soporific, fervid; (n) heat, warmth collop: (n) chunk, scale, cutlet, slice, steak, Colp, tucket colors: (n) flag, colours, paints, banner, color, colour, ensign, pigment, tint, dye, paint colour: (n) coloration, coloring, colors, semblance, vividness, pretext, pretence, colouring, guise; (v) redden, discolor. ANTONYMS: (n) colorlessness; (v) discolor colours: (n) banner, ensign, emblem, colour, colouring, standard, flag, color, tone combat: (n, v) fight, clash, encounter, conflict, war; (n) contest, action, brawl, fighting, fray, hostility. ANTONYMS: (n) peace; (v) cooperate, agree, pacify, surrender, compromise, favor comet: (n) Ariel, iris, Dendrocometes, celestial body comfort: (n, v) ease, allay, support, aid, alleviate; (n) consolation, relief, amenity, assistance; (adj, n, v) assuage; (v) cheer. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, aggravation, agony; (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, afflict, aggravate, bother, burden, disappoint comic: (n) clown, joker, buffoon, zany; (adj) comical, amusing, laughable, humorous, burlesque, funny, absurd. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, serious coming: (n) advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return; (adj, n) approaching; (adj) forthcoming, imminent, future, impending; (adj, v) instant. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, leaving, departing;

King Henry VI, Part I (adj) distant, retreating, past command: (n, v) order, charge, call, control, decree; (n) instruction, bidding, direction, behest; (v) direct, commission. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, follow, contradict, countermand, revoke, recall, oppose; (n) beg, plead, plea commanding: (adj) imperative, imperious, peremptory, bossy, imposing, ascendant, compelling, magnificent; (adj, n) grand, impressive; (adv) commandingly. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, unassertive, indecisive, unimpressive, insignificant, subservient commands: (n) orders, instructions, information, guidelines commendable: (adj, n) praiseworthy; (adj) admirable, creditable, good, worthy, deserving, meritorious, applaudable; (adv) praiseworthily, laudably, admirably. ANTONYMS: (adj) unworthy, despicable, contemptible, disgraceful, rotten, lamentable, poor commission: (n) mission, job, delegation, mandate, appointment, work; (n, v) warrant, assign; (v) accredit, designate, entrust. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, retract; (n) salary common: (adj) coarse, mutual, vulgar, mean, mediocre, ignoble, plebeian, base; (adj, n) cheap, habitual; (adj, n, v) usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, specific, unique, extraordinary, exclusive, aristocratic, infrequent, refined commonly: (adv) ordinarily, usually, generally, customarily, normally, habitually, regularly, plebeianly, currently, popularly, publicly. ANTONYMS: (adv) unusually, uncommonly, seldom, narrowly, tastefully, specifically compact: (n) arrangement, covenant, bargain; (adj, v) close, condense; (v) compress; (n, v) contract; (adj) dense, solid, thick, compendious. ANTONYMS: (adj) loose, sprawling, sparse, bulky, large, cumbersome, long, lengthy, unwieldy; (v) expand, loosen companion: (adj, n) associate; (n) colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, partner, fellow, comrade, assistant, brother. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, adversary company: (adj, n) society, business;

(n) band, association, collection, cohort, brigade, troop, club, partnership; (v) accompany. ANTONYMS: (n) isolation, enmity, host, hostess, absence compass: (n) scope, range, room, extent, area, circumference, reach; (n, v) round, grasp, circle; (v) get. ANTONYM: (v) lose compassion: (adj, n) clemency, kindness; (n) mercy, charity, sympathy, commiseration, remorse, tenderness, forgiveness, feeling, grace. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, disregard, unconcern, severity, nastiness, harshness, incomprehension, malevolence, coldness, roughness, inhumanity complete: (adj, v) perfect, consummate; (adj, n) absolute, stark; (v) achieve, finish, accomplish, execute; (adj, n, v) close; (adj) whole, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfinished, partial, abridged, sketchy, shortened, lacking, qualified, narrow, missing; (v) neglect, start composition: (n) texture, construction, constitution, alloy, amalgam, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, combination concern: (adj, n, v) worry; (n, v) interest, care, affect, regard, trouble, bother; (n) affair, attention, matter, anxiety. ANTONYMS: (n) reassurance, negligence, unresponsiveness, calmness, coldness, detachment, pleasure, confidence, recklessness, serenity, thoughtlessness concerns: (n) dealings, affairs conclude: (n, v) complete; (v) finish, gather, end, settle, resolve, terminate, determine, accomplish, cease, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) start, begin, commence, open, unsettle, prolong, wait, hesitate, introduce, delay, postpone concluded: (adj, adv) finished, done, completed, ended; (adj) over, closed, terminated, accomplished, all over, consummate, set concludes: (adj) ended, concluded condemn: (v) censure, reproach, castigate, attaint, deplore, sentence, excoriate, upbraid, knock, doom, criticize. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, approve, commend, free, pardon, absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, release, support condescend: (adj, v) deign, vouchsafe; (v) stoop, patronize,

William Shakespeare patronise, descend, lower, interact, decline, bow, agree condition: (n) position, status, provision, standing, clause, circumstances, term, predicament, rank; (n, v) aspect; (v) provide. ANTONYMS: (v) disqualify; (n) option conditions: (n) climate, environment, situation, circumstances, setting, surroundings, terms, provisions, ambiance, background, bound conduct: (v) bring, direct, carry, show; (n, v) act, administration, manage, administer, carriage, bearing; (adj, v) acquit. ANTONYMS: (v) mismanage, leave, follow confer: (v) give, accord, award, afford, grant, discuss, converse, consult, show; (n, v) talk; (adj, v) present. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, deny, dishonor, retrieve, take conference: (n) meeting, colloquy, council, interview, consultation, negotiation, talk, discussion, congress, sitting, session confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor confidence: (n) assurance, certainty, certitude, belief, faith, hope, nerve, credit, conviction, reliance, expectation. ANTONYMS: (n) insecurity, doubt, nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity, hopelessness, aimlessness, embarrassment confirm: (v) corroborate, verify, approve, validate, bear out, prove, clinch, assert, demonstrate, authenticate; (adj, v) establish. ANTONYMS: (v) contradict, deny, weaken, cancel, void, veto, undermine, repudiate, question, open, negate confounded: (adj) bemused, accursed, execrable, baffled, cursed, befuddled, confused, puzzled, aghast, perplexed; (adj, v) abashed confusion: (n) commotion, chaos, disarray, bedlam, pandemonium, disorder, disturbance, distraction, clutter, tumult, agitation. ANTONYMS: (n) clarity, understanding, tidiness, systematization, enlightenment, peace, organization, lucidity,

neatness, space, calm confutation: (n) disproof, contradiction, refutation, falsification, confutement, negation, denial, reproof, chiding, conviction; (v) pick apart an argument conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure up, evoke, implore, bring up conquered: (adj) overcome, vanquished, overwhelmed, crushed, subdued, profligate, routed, overthrown, done for, under enemy control, baffled. ANTONYMS: (adj) victorious, liberated conquering: (adj) triumphant, winning, overcoming, glorious, proud, successful; (n) conquest, seizure, reverse, subjection, subjugation conquest: (n) defeat, triumph, conquering, achievement, reduction, coup, rout, overthrow, subjection, mastery, success. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, defeat, loss, victory consent: (adj, n, v) accord; (n, v) acquiescence, agreement; (v) concur, approve, agree, acquiesce, accept; (n) consensus, approval; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, reject, protest, object, differ, oppose; (n, v) veto; (n) refusal, opposition, dissent, disagreement consume: (v) exhaust, absorb, dissipate, use, squander, fritter, expend, eat, swallow, burn; (adj, v) waste. ANTONYMS: (v) save, abstain, conserve, make, store, accumulate, produce, manufacture, hoard, gather, fast consuming: (adj) blazing, overwhelming, burning, absorbing, corrosive; (v) grating, searching, grinding, racking; (n) consumption, wasting contain: (v) comprehend, include, accommodate, curb, restrict, carry, bear, admit, restrain, embrace, take. ANTONYMS: (v) express, vent, release, omit, lack, except, encourage, eliminate, unleash, broaden, free contaminated: (adj) dirty, infected, unclean, foul, polluted, soiled; (adj, v) poisoned; (v) tainted, tabid, leprous, mangy. ANTONYMS: (adj) hygienic, uncontaminated, harmless, healthy contempt: (n, v) scorn; (v) despise; (n) disrespect, derision, mockery, disregard, ridicule, shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy. ANTONYMS:

145 (n) approval, admiration, regard, honor, esteem contemptible: (adj) abject, mean, base, pitiful, little, worthless, unworthy, miserable, ignoble, abominable, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) estimable, admired, deserving, worthy, honorable, respectable, respectful, noble, generous, commendable, good content: (n) meaning, matter, capacity, contents, subject; (n, v) contentment; (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice; (adj) happy. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discontent; (adj) tormented, unhappy, dissatisfied, rebellious, discontented, troubled; (adj, v) upset; (n) unhappiness, sadness; (v) trouble continual: (adj, adv) constant; (adj) ceaseless, incessant, endless, continuous, frequent, everlasting, uninterrupted, perpetual, unrelenting, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) sporadic, temporary, occasional, finite, inconstant, infrequent, ending, ceasing, halting, rare, acute continuance: (n) duration, abidance, existence, endurance, protraction, adjournment, resumption, prolongation, time, standing, perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n) discontinuation, destruction continue: (v) remain, keep, sustain, carry on, endure, persevere, bide, proceed, maintain; (adj, v) prolong; (n, v) hold. ANTONYMS: (v) end, cease, discontinue, halt, renounce, hesitate, complete, fail, desist, finish, neglect contrary: (adj, n) contradictory, reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting, unfavorable, perverse, cross, disobedient, alien, different, obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) similar, harmonious, helpful, obliging, compatible, complaisant, concordant, parallel, agreeable, cooperative, favorable contrived: (adj) affected, unnatural, false, forced, labored, spurious, feigned, unreal, strained, built, artificially formal. ANTONYM: (adj) sincere contumelious: (adj) insolent, cavalier, opprobrious, bumptious, reproachful, sarcastic, contemptuous, assuming, arrogant, snooty, intolerant contumeliously: (adv) superciliously,

146 cavalierly, haughtily, disdainfully, scornfully, abusively, overbearingly, bumptiously, reproachfully, offensively, overweeningly convenient: (adj) comfortable, commodious, handy, appropriate, expedient, timely, fit, useful, nearby, opportune; (adj, n) advantageous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwieldy, fixed, useless, distant, troublesome, unsuited, remote, unsuitable, unadaptable, unuseful, inappropriate converse: (n, v) chat, discourse, argue; (v) confer, confabulate, speak; (n) conversation, colloquy, contrast; (adj, n) opposite; (adj) counter. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) equal; (adj) similar, complementary; (n) similarity convey: (v) communicate, channel, bring, conduct, transfer, fetch, express, transmit, bear, transport, take. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, maintain, withhold, retain, refrain, hold, absorb, receive cooling: (n) freezing, refrigeration, cooler, mechanism, quenching, temperature reduction, coolant system, cooling system; (adj) caller, refrigerant, allaying heat corn: (n) clavus, cereals, Zea Mays, callus, wheat, Indian corn, callosity, grain; (v) feed, keep; (adj, n) commonplace corner: (n) bend, angle, nook, dilemma, recess, hole, coign, predicament, niche; (n, v) turn; (adj) angular. ANTONYMS: (v) free; (n) solution coronation: (n) accession, enthronement, induction, initiation, crowning, enthronization, investiture, installation, enthronisation coronet: (n) corona, chaplet, tiara, snood, necklace, circlet, wreath, diadem, cap of maintenance, laurel, ribbon corpse: (n) carcass, body, carcase, dead person, stiff, dead body, remains, corse, clay, dry bones; (adj) lich cost: (n, v) price; (n) charge, amount, expense, toll, expenditure, payment, disbursement, worth, damage, fee couched: (adj) understood, unspoken, contained council: (n) assembly, congress, convocation, convention, consultation, synod, meeting, legislature, diet, committee,

King Henry VI, Part I chamber counsel: (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, warn; (n, v) caution, advocate; (n) barrister, advisement, consultation, admonition. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, trick, deceive, conceal, oppose; (n) warning count: (v) compute, weigh, consider, estimate, matter; (n, v) calculate, tally, number, total; (n) calculation, computation. ANTONYMS: (v) guess, except, estimate, disregard, dismiss, abandon, ignore, subtract countenance: (n) aspect, expression, brow, complexion; (n, v) face, sanction, support, favor; (v) allow, tolerate, uphold. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, oppose, discourage, disapprove, prohibit counterfeit: (adj, n, v) sham; (n, v) copy, duplicate; (adj, v) mock, falsify; (adj) false, artificial, assumed; (adj, n) imitation; (v) forge, ape. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, real, authentic, true, actual; (n) original countess: (n) count, noblewoman, peeress, noble country: (n) nation, home, land, place, area, territory, commonwealth, soil, kingdom, realm; (adj) rustic. ANTONYMS: (adj) urban, metropolitan; (adj, n) city; (n) metropolis countryman: (n) peasant, villager, rustic, native, churl, compatriot, carle, fellow countryman, clown, hick, swain. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, outlander courage: (n) audacity, fortitude, boldness, nerve, spirit, backbone, valor, heroism, gallantry, mettle, chivalry. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, faintheartedness, weakness, wimpiness, yellowness course: (n, v) stream, flow; (n) bearing, route, career, track, path, road, channel; (adj, n) current; (v) chase. ANTONYM: (v) trickle court: (n) forum, bar, close, field, tribunal, passage, judicatory, judge; (v) romance, attract; (n, v) invite. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, reject, ignore, spurn, disregard, discourage courtesy: (adj, n) civility, complaisance; (n) propriety, chivalry, comity, politeness, gallantry, decency, attention, breeding, etiquette. ANTONYMS: (n) rudeness, discourtesy, unkindness, informality,

impoliteness, disservice, brusqueness, incivility, vulgarity, crudeness, neglect courts: (n) judges coveting: (n) longing, envy; (adj) envious covetous: (adj) avid, envious, greedy, grasping, acquisitive, miserly, hungry, jealous; (adj, n) desirous; (adj, v) sordid, mercenary. ANTONYMS: (adj) giving, benevolent, sharing coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, dastard, milksop, weakling, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, chickenhearted, pusillanimous, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave cowardice: (n) dastardliness, poltroonery, pusillanimity, fear, spirit, cravenness, timidity, fearfulness, base fear, cowardship. ANTONYMS: (n) nerve, bravery, daring, determination crack: (n, v) chink, fracture, split, fissure, crevice, burst, snap, breach, clap, check; (n) cleft. ANTONYMS: (n, v) mend; (v) set, misunderstand, misinterpret, fix, compose; (adj) mediocre, lowly, inferior, deficient crave: (v) covet, ask, want, beseech, implore, wish, long, entreat, desire, fancy, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) dislike, spurn, loathe, hate, detest, grant craved: (adj) coveted craven: (n) coward, poltroon, chicken; (adj, n) recreant, apostate, renegade; (adj) base, gutless, yellow, spineless, fearful. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, fearless, courageous, daring, heroic, strong crazy: (adj) wild, mad, brainsick, absurd, eccentric, silly, wacky, cracked, crazed, demented; (adj, n) madcap. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, sane, rational, indifferent, stable, reasonable, realistic, balanced, levelheaded, cool, calm create: (v) cause, make, bring about, produce, constitute, form, establish, generate, build, beget, institute. ANTONYMS: (v) terminate, ruin, demolish, end, disband created: (adj) create, composed, shaped, produced, wrought, legendary, mythical, fictitious, bent, romantic, fashioned creature: (n) being, brute, animal, tool, individual, person, body, entity, human, puppet, somebody credit: (n) credence, recognition,

William Shakespeare belief, commendation, appreciation, advance, fame; (v) accredit; (n, v) reputation; (adj, n) worth, merit. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discredit; (n) cash, blame, fault, disrepute, disgrace, withdrawal; (v) disbelieve, question, mistrust, distrust crest: (n, v) crown, top, peak, climax; (n) summit, brow, cockscomb, acme, pinnacle, zenith; (v) cap. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom, nadir, trough cromwell: (n) Oliver Cromwell cross: (adj) crabby, angry, grumpy, grouchy, cantankerous; (v) intersect, cover, thwart, baffle; (adj, v) traverse; (n) crisscross. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, cheerful, happy; (v) uncross, assist, separate, remain, help, stay, unmix, aid crown: (n, v) top, cover; (v) cap, complete; (n) apex, pinnacle, crest, summit, peak, kingdom, acme. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom; (v) dishonor, dethrone, begin, commence, start, depose crowned: (adj) laureled, fulfilled, browbound, incoronate, successful cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian crying: (adj, v) exigent, instant, pressing, urgent; (adj) insistent, clamant, imperative, blatant; (n) weeping; (v) weep; (adj, n) sniveling crystal: (adj) clear, bright, translucent, pebble, crag, stone; (n) watch glass, quartz, gem, vitrite; (adj, n) rock. ANTONYMS: (adj) foggy, murky cuff: (n, v) hit, knock, clout, punch, slap, whack, manacle, handcuff; (v) box, buffet, beat cunning: (adj) crafty, canny, adroit, wily, sly, shrewd, tricky, artful; (n) craftiness, craft, cleverness. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, honest, stupid, unimaginative, gullible, ingenuous, straightforward, candid, sincere; (n) frankness, straightforwardness cunningly: (adv) craftily, artfully, cleverly, ingeniously, trickily, shrewdly, astutely, insidiously, smartly, foxily, slipperily. ANTONYMS: (adv) ineptly, openly cure: (n, v) correct, medicine, help; (n) antidote, salve, therapy, treatment;

(v) treat, pickle, preserve, restore. ANTONYMS: (n) poison; (v) injure, hurt, harm, wound, damage, exacerbate curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) anathema, blasphemy, malediction, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) swear, ban, damn, vituperate. ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, benediction, making; (v) communicate cursed: (adj) damned, doomed, execrable, cussed, wretched, unlucky, accursed, blamed, blasted, confounded; (v) accurst. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, honorable, nice, sweet, kine cuts: (n) film waste dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade, obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, grapheme, saber, skean daily: (adj, n) journal; (adj, adv) every day; (adj, v) diurnal; (adj) everyday, regular; (n) tabloid, gazette, paper, dailies; (adv) each day, day by day. ANTONYMS: (adj) nightly, intermittent, sporadic dainty: (adj, v) nice; (adj, n, v) delicacy; (adj) fastidious, savory, tasteful, squeamish, particular, mincing, refined; (adj, n) tidbit; (n) luxury. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, vulgar, rough, inelegant, harsh, gross, awkward, accepting, heavy, careless, thick dalliance: (n) delay, play, flirt, flirting, billing and cooing, coquetry, petting, holdup, hanky-panky, necking, love affair dally: (v) flirt, act, linger, trifle, toy, coquette, hesitate, play, dawdle, waste time, lag. ANTONYMS: (v) hurry, rush, hasten, lead dame: (n) lady, female, queen, girl, gentlewoman, wench, skirt, matron, madam, ma'am, woman damned: (adj) accursed, doomed, blasted, condemned, damn, cussed, wretched, infernal, hateful, goddamned; (adv) damnably. ANTONYM: (adj) saved dangerous: (adj, n) critical; (adj) severe, serious, grave, adventurous, unhealthy, precarious, hazardous, perilous, threatening, chancy. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, secure, protected, unhazardous, slight, weak, harmless, friendly, favorable, calm, pleasant dare: (n, v) venture; (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, risk, resist, make bold; (n) adventure, daring,

147 defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) avoid, flee, pass, refrain, retreat, obey daring: (adj, n) bold, courageous, adventurous; (adj) audacious, venturesome, intrepid; (n) bravery, audacity, boldness, courage, adventurousness. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, timidity; (adj) timid, cautious, dull, afraid, chicken, fearful, unadventurous, wimpy darkness: (n) dark, shade, shadow, blindness, gloom, blackness, duskiness, murk, cloud, blackout, dimness. ANTONYMS: (n) brightness, lightness, glow, comprehension, knowledge, day, clearness darnel: (n) tare, bearded darnel, cheat, Lolium, chess, cheater, cockle, genus Lolium, beguiler, cheating dash: (adj, n, v) rush; (n, v) touch, sprint, strike, splash, jog; (v) dart, break; (n) tinge, beat; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (v) dawdle, inspirit, languish, saunter, encourage, linger; (n) stagnation, languor, listlessness, mass, dullness dastard: (adj, n) poltroon; (n) sneak, craven, chicken, devil, scoundrel, niding; (adj) dastardly, cowardly date: (n) appointment, engagement, period, meeting, epoch, assignation, dating, day of the month; (n, v) escort; (v) register, determine daughter: (n) child, son, maiden, young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin daunted: (adj) downcast, dispirited, discouraged, frightened, intimidated, disheartened, dismayed, afraid, abashed, bashful, discomposed dauphin: (n) crown prince days: (n) period, life, time, age, existence, generation, years, being, era, living, lifetime dazzled: (adj) confused, dazzle, bewildered, blind, blinder, fascinated, unsighted dead: (adj) lifeless, defunct, cold, inanimate, idle, gone, fallen, numb, deceased, vapid; (adv) right. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) living; (adj) alive, animate, live, spirited, responsive, working, partial, operative; (adv) partly, partially deadly: (adj, adv) deathly; (adj) baneful, lethal, fatal, destructive, mortal, pernicious, virulent, toxic; (adv) lifelessly, lethally. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting,

148 uplifting, readable, mild, healthy, healthful, benign, innocuous, exciting deal: (v) administer, allot, conduct, truck, distribute, apportion; (n, v) buy, trade, contract; (n) agreement, arrangement. ANTONYMS: (n) purchase; (v) misdirect, receive, neglect, mishandle, mismanage, take, ignore, hold, gather, disregard dear: (adj, adv) close, near; (adj, n) darling; (adj) costly, expensive, lovely, precious, affectionate, adorable, cherished; (n) love. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, inexpensive, valueless, despised, modest, loathed, hateful, distant; (n) rival, foe, enemy dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; (adj) precious, intimate, sweet death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit, fate, mortality, departure, cessation, decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus. ANTONYMS: (n) existence, delivery, living, nascency, being, survival, life, beginning decaying: (adj) rotten, decayed, rotting, stale, decadent, stinking, decomposed, smelly, shabby, seedy; (n) fading. ANTONYM: (adj) pristine decease: (v) go, die, perish, pass, pass away, exit, expire; (n) demise, passing, departure, expiration. ANTONYMS: (n) nascency; (v) survive deceitful: (adj) false, fraudulent, insincere, crooked, dishonest, untrue, sly, artful, untrustworthy, unreliable, treacherous. ANTONYMS: (adj) straightforward, genuine, trustworthy, truthful, loyal, open, principled, straight, upright, faithful, dependable deceived: (adj) mistaken, misguided decide: (v) choose, adjudicate, resolve, conclude, settle, try, judge, arbitrate, decree, arrange; (adj, v) determine. ANTONYMS: (v) waver, postpone, waffle, vacillate, defer, fluctuate, balk, ponder, open, speculate, change declare: (v) advertise, assert, allege, attest, aver, admit, acknowledge, proclaim, avow; (n, v) affirm, say. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, revoke, suppress, retract, repress, disclaim, withhold, request, refute, block deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities

King Henry VI, Part I deep: (adj) thick, profound, strong, rich, broad, sound, absorbed, wide, abstruse, dark; (adj, v) intense. ANTONYMS: (adj) superficial, high, weak, soft, light, open, frivolous, lightweight, narrow, straightforward, simple deer: (n) caribou, buck, fawn, stag, reynard, brocket, cervid, ruminant, roe, roebuck, hart deface: (adj, v) blemish, mutilate, mangle, maim; (v) damage, spoil, destroy, ruin, injure, mar, scar. ANTONYMS: (v) beautify, restore, conserve, deck, decorate, embellish, fix, freshen, mend, repair, enhance default: (n, v) omission, oversight; (n) deficit, delinquency, defalcation, lack, want, neglect, fault; (v) laches, fail. ANTONYMS: (v) satisfy; (n) satisfaction defence: (n) advocacy, safeguard, defense, defend, defensive, alibi, umbrella, vindication, fort, bastion, denial. ANTONYM: (n) prosecution defensive: (n) defence, defense, security; (adj) preventive, apologetic, safeguarding, protecting, defending, vindicatory, suspicious, excusatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) offensive, aggressive, receptive defy: (n, v) dare; (v) brave, resist, ignore, confront, revolt, oppose, withstand, disobey, contradict; (n) defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, acquiesce, surrender, yield, comply, accept degraded: (adj) debased, low, ignoble, debauched, depraved, abject, sordid, dishonored, corrupted, contemptible, base. ANTONYM: (adj) good degree: (n) extent, level, condition, title, rank, academic degree, place, caliber, status, stair; (adj, n) order deign: (v) lower oneself, vouchsafe, stoop, descend, lower, grant, move, stoop to, allow, fall, come from delight: (n) joy, pleasure, amusement, rejoicing, gladness; (v) ravish, amuse, please, captivate, transport, enrapture. ANTONYMS: (n) misery, dismay, dissatisfaction, sadness, nuisance, discontent; (v) depress, displease, sadden, irk; (n, v) bore deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save, rescue, abandon, send, pronounce, hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter. ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine, imprison, hold, oppress, enslave, restrain, retain, collect, withhold, shackle

deluded: (adj) besotted, mistaken deny: (v) controvert, rebuff, contradict, disavow, gainsay, reject, oppose, refuse, disown, abnegate, renounce. ANTONYMS: (v) affirm, claim, acknowledge, declare, maintain, agree, spoil, accept, accede, allow, argue depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge, return departure: (n, v) decease, demise; (n) exit, leave, deviation, divergence, depart, parting, aberration, passing, takeoff. ANTONYMS: (n) appearance, conformity, greeting, ingress, influx, homecoming, regularity, entrance, birth, coming, advance deputy: (n) surrogate, agent, delegate, alternate, ambassador, vicar, representative, attorney, assistant; (adj, n) substitute, replacement derived: (adj) secondary, calculated, variant, resulting, resultant, plagiaristic, imitative, derivate, deliberate, copied, calculable descended: (v) extraught descent: (adj, n) ancestry; (n) decline, birth, fall, declivity, declination, declension, drop, pedigree, blood, derivation. ANTONYMS: (n) improvement, rise, hike, upgrade, elevation, boost, ascension, gradient description: (n) account, type, picture, depiction, explanation, brand, delineation, story, recital, report; (adj, n) kind deserve: (v) rate, warrant, gain, earn, to deserve, demand, justify, bear; (n, v) reward; (n) richly deserve, worth deserving: (adj) meritorious, admirable, creditable, commendable, laudable, fit, good, deserved, condign; (v) deserve, worthy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) unworthy, undeserving, unimpressive desire: (n) ambition, aspiration, craving, dream; (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) fancy, wish, aim; (v) want, aspire, seek. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) aversion, reality, revulsion, apathy; (v) spurn, abhor, answer, command, insist desired: (adj) coveted, desirable, favorite, wanted, welcome, needed, beloved, required, most wanted;

William Shakespeare (adj, v) chosen; (v) consenting desiring: (adj) envious, insatiable, desirous, eager; (adv) fleshly desolate: (adj, v) desert, forlorn; (adj) bare, barren, alone, bleak, deserted, cheerless, disconsolate; (v) devastate, destroy. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, inhabited, happy, sheltered, mobbed, overcrowded, ecstatic, hopeful; (v) create, construct, build desperate: (adj) despairing, dire, critical, abject, dangerous, in despair, grave, awful, despondent, drastic; (adj, v) forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) hopeful, optimistic, rational, promising, minor, cautious, casual, careful, trivial, secure, satisfied despise: (v) disdain, loathe, depreciate, abhor, dislike, detest, slight, hate; (n, v) contemn; (n) contempt, deride. ANTONYMS: (v) respect, love, adore, appreciate, cherish, like, praise, accept despised: (adj) scorned, despicable, hated, abject, disparaged, mean, attaching disgrace, unpopular, unloved, reviled, opprobrious despite: (conj) although, albeit; (n) contempt, scorn, ill will, malice, disdain; (adv) though; (prep) in spite of, notwithstanding, regardless of destroy: (v) demolish, blight, despoil, subvert, dismantle, devour, wreck, devastate; (adj, v) desolate, abolish; (n, v) murder. ANTONYMS: (v) preserve, create, make, construct, protect, repair, restore, uphold, sustain, submit, revive destruction: (n, v) defeat; (n) death, ruin, collapse, demolition, devastation, downfall, abolition, damage, desolation, end. ANTONYMS: (n) preservation, protection, creation, reparation, formation, conservation, restoration, building, help, making, order determined: (adj) constant, definite, decided, stubborn, certain, inflexible, decisive, determinate, ambitious, set; (adj, v) resolved. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncertain, irresolute, unmotivated, feeble, indecisive, waffling, undetermined, undecided, wavering, vacillating, fickle devil: (n) fiend, demon, ghost, monster, Lucifer, Satan, Beelzebub, deuce, daemon; (v) torment, rag. ANTONYM: (n) angel

devise: (v) contrive, conceive, invent, plan, create, concoct, design, arrange, frame, formulate, excogitate diamond: (n) lozenge, infield, square, rhombus, rectangle, ball field, carbonado, baseball diamond; (adj) brilliant, jewel, bijou dignity: (n) degree, prestige, glory, decorum, face, distinction, honor, majesty, eminence, solemnity; (adj, n) decency. ANTONYMS: (n) lowliness, indecency, impropriety, simplicity, cheerfulness, austerity diligence: (n) assiduity, industry, attention, application, assiduousness, concentration, activity, perseverance, carefulness, sedulity, industriousness. ANTONYMS: (n) carelessness, indolence, feebleness, slackness, negligence, sloth dinner: (n) banquet, lunch, dinner party, meal, party, beanfeast, spread; (v) tiffin, dejeuner, bever; (adj) dinnerly dire: (adj) awful, desperate, direful, dreadful, appalling, forbidding, terrible, formidable, awesome, shocking, calamitous. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, fortuitous, unimportant, trivial, propitious, insignificant, fortunate, harmless, favorable, modest, praiseworthy direct: (v) aim, address, charge, dictate, head; (n, v) channel, command, control; (adj, adv) straight; (adj, v) level; (adj) immediate. ANTONYMS: (adj) roundabout, circuitous, oblique, sideways, unplanned, devious, dishonest; (v) request, follow, divert, get disable: (adj, v) disqualify; (v) incapacitate, cripple, disenable, paralyze, weaken, hamstring, switch off, restrain, disarm, unfit. ANTONYMS: (v) strengthen, aid, assist, help, rehabilitate, activate discontented: (adj, v) querulous, complaining; (adj) disaffected, disgruntled, malcontent, unsatisfied, dissatisfied, displeased, miserable, put out, ungratified. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, satisfied, happy, content discord: (n, v) conflict, clash; (n) disagreement, variance, division, difference, dissension, dissonance, strife, split, contention. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, harmony, unity, accord,

149 concordance, consent, silence, concord; (v) match discover: (v) discern, disclose, ascertain, find, perceive, catch, expose, hear, determine, sense, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) overlook, ignore, disregard, confuse, conceal, lose disdain: (n, v) despise, contemn, slight, ridicule; (n) contempt, derision, arrogance, haughtiness, pride; (v) scoff, disparage. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, admiration, reverence, worship, approval, regard; (v) approve, admire, praise, accept, participate disgrace: (adj, n, v) dishonor; (n, v) discredit, shame, stain, blemish, blot, slur, reproach; (v) degrade, debase; (n) degradation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect, esteem, credit; (v) glorify, dignify, praise; (n) merit, grace, pride, rise, worthiness disgraced: (adj) shamed, dishonored, abashed, ashamed, damaged, dishonest, humiliated, mortified, disfigured disgraceful: (adj) dishonorable, scandalous, shocking, degrading, disreputable, infamous, base, ignominious, outrageous, black, ignoble. ANTONYMS: (adj) admirable, honorable, reputable, exalted, commendable, respectable, noble, glorious disguised: (adj) cloaked, concealed, masked, secret, hidden, veiled, in disguise, incognito, blind; (adj, v) private; (n) groggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) recognizable, unmasked, uncovered, uncloaked, revealed, open, obvious dishonor: (n, v) shame, discredit, degrade, affront, abuse, taint; (v) defile, violate; (n) disrepute, infamy, degradation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect; (n) laurels, reverence, esteem, admiration, worthiness; (v) revere, dignify, credit, reward, award dishonourable: (adj) base, disgraceful, shabby, dishonest, sordid, discreditable, ignoble, shameful, crooked, opprobrious, black dismal: (adj) cheerless, dejected, dreary, gloomy, desolate, disconsolate, depressing, melancholy, black, dim, dull. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, happy, lively, uplifting, sunny, pleasant, light, cheery, strong, soulful,

150 wonderful dismiss: (v) cashier, disband, cast, discard, brush aside, can, bounce, cast off, cease, dispatch; (n, v) drop. ANTONYMS: (v) employ, welcome, signal, remember, recall, mobilize, maintain, keep, hold, engage, contract disobedience: (n) contumacy, intractableness, rebelliousness, breach, recalcitrance, rebellion, refusal, noncompliance, mutiny, contravention, defiance. ANTONYMS: (n) compliance, meekness, conformity, devotion, order, fulfillment, loyalty dispatch: (n, v) speed, rush; (n) consignment, expedition, celerity, quickness; (v) send, accelerate, deliver, quicken, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) receiving, receipt, dawdling, delay, loitering, silence; (v) keep, start, begin, hold, retain dispensation: (n) allotment, release, disposal, assignment, division, freedom, distribution, exemption, license, allocation, apportionment. ANTONYM: (n) prohibition dispense: (v) allot, deal, administer, assign, deal out, apportion, dole out, give, issue, diffuse, furnish. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, receive, withhold disperse: (v) dispel, spread, circulate, break up, disband, scatter, dissipate, diffuse, dispense, disseminate, break. ANTONYMS: (v) gather, collect, converge, centralize, capture, congregate, garner, concentrate, swarm, crowd, aggravate disputing: (adj) opposed; (v) disputant dissemble: (v) feign, assume, conceal, disguise, camouflage, dissimulate, act, hide, sham, pretend, mask. ANTONYMS: (v) show, demonstrate, expose, reveal dissembling: (adj) dissimulating, insincere; (n) pretense, deception, pretence, deceit, chicanery, feigning, hypocrisy, misrepresentation, pretending dissension: (n) dispute, disagreement, conflict, contention, dissonance, faction, friction, misunderstanding, division; (n, v) difference, variance. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, accord, harmony, consent, comity dissentious: (adj) factious, contentious, discordant, divisive, incendiary, insubordinate,

King Henry VI, Part I quarrelsome, dissensious distance: (n, v) remove; (n) space, way, gap, aloofness, interval, altitude, measure, mileage; (adj, n) length; (v) dissociate. ANTONYMS: (v) associate, attach, involve; (n) proximity, nearness, intimacy, closeness, warmth, bias, lovingness distressful: (adj) calamitous, dismal, disastrous, dreary, grievous, lamentable, sad, sorrowful, sorry, unfortunate, unhappy distrust: (n, v) mistrust, discredit; (n) suspicion, misgiving, disbelief, uncertainty, hesitation; (v) suspect, disbelieve, question; (adj) distrustful. ANTONYMS: (n) confidence, faith, trustingness, certainty, belief, optimism; (v) believe, entrust, depend, confide distrustful: (adj) suspicious, doubtful, diffident, distrust, jealous, leery, shy, apprehensive, skeptical, scrupulous, disbelieving. ANTONYMS: (adj) trusting, trustful, aggressive, assured, believing, faithful, unwary, certain, optimistic disturb: (v) trouble, disorder, disconcert, distress, perturb, disquiet, distract, discompose, disrupt, upset, concern. ANTONYMS: (v) calm, please, soothe, smooth, order, reassure, sort, settle, respect, quiet, organize divers: (adj, v) sundry, various, separate; (adj) several, many, diverse, miscellaneous, not a few, varied; (v) diversified; (n) diver divide: (n, v) cut, part, distribute, share, split; (v) dissociate, dismember, separate, dispense, disconnect, detach. ANTONYMS: (v) unite, join, connect, combine, multiply, lump, link, keep, hold, gather, disarrange divided: (adj) cleft, detached, distributed, forked, shared, separated, separate, disjointed, branched, pronged, disunited dogs: (n) foxes, Canidae, Carnivora, cats, family Canidae, forceps, order Carnivora, bears; (adj) dogging dolphin: (n) porpoise, blackfish, beluga, mooring dolphin, common blackfish, killer, orca, pile mooring, grampus, mahimahi, common dolphin done: (adj, adv) finished, ended; (adj) complete, completed, over, made, gone, accomplished, concluded, through, cooked. ANTONYMS: (adj)

unsettled, disapproved, incomplete, rare, raw, rejected, uncooked, undone, unfulfilled, unsanctioned double: (adj, n) twin; (adj) dual, duple, twofold; (v) fold, bend, geminate; (adj, v) reduplicate; (n) substitute, mate, image. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) single; (v) decrease, divide, halve; (adj) multivalent, univalent, lone doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question, query, dispute; (n) disbelief, misgiving, incertitude, apprehension, uncertainty; (adj, n) skepticism; (v) suspect. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, belief, certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept, believe, consider, swallow doubtful: (adj) dubious, debatable, distrustful, questionable, queer, suspicious, tentative, disputable, diffident, unsettled, unsure. ANTONYMS: (adj) trusting, convinced, reliable, confident, persuaded, provable, sure, hopeful, promising, likely, indubitable dover: (n) dove, capital of Delaware doves: (n) Columbiformes, order Columbiformes dower: (n) dowry, dowery, inheritance, jointure, endowment, heritage, patrimony; (v) to bar dower, endue, bestow, contribute downy: (adj) flossy, fuzzy, soft, hairy, fleecy, silken, nappy, furry, downlike; (v) flocculent, flaccid. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, hard dowry: (n) dot, inheritance, gift, alimony, dowery, portion, jointure, grant, share, endowment, heritage drag: (v) attract, draw, lug, cart, heave, tow; (n, v) pull, puff; (adv, v) trail; (n) bother; (adj) dragging. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure; (v) hasten, hurry, shove, speed, rush, propel, fly draw: (n, v) drag, pull, delineate, tie, design, puff; (v) depict, describe, derive, bring; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, deposit, shove, shorten, thrust, cut, curtail, contract, alienate; (n) repulsion, win drawing: (n) draft, delineation, picture, plan, cartoon, depiction, draught, draw, draftsmanship, painting, image drawn: (adj) careworn, worn, drew, pinched, gaunt, taut, tired, cadaverous, thin, tense, withdraw. ANTONYMS: (adj) rested, robust, refreshed, hale, fresh, vigorous,

William Shakespeare carefree dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming, atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair drew: (n) move, John Drew drink: (n, v) beverage, draught, swallow; (n) alcohol, brew, potion, intoxicant; (v) booze, carouse, bib, swig. ANTONYMS: (v) regurgitate, sip, abstain drive: (n, v) ride, push, force, crusade, urge, thrust, campaign, cause; (v) compel, chase, actuate. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, inertia, lethargy, walk, indifference; (v) discourage, repress, stop, prevent, inhibit, dissuade driven: (v) drive, impel, operate, propel; (adj) impelled, compulsive, motivated, involuntary, dynamic, successful; (n) drove driving: (adj) energetic, impulsive, enterprising, pushing, vigorous; (n) drive, travel, drove, direction, motoring, push. ANTONYMS: (adj) lethargic, weak, light drooping: (adj) flabby, pendulous, limp, flaccid, cernuous, flagging, languid, floppy, lax, tired; (n) droop. ANTONYMS: (adj) taut, firm drop: (n, v) decline, dribble, deposit, decrease, jump, ebb; (adj, n, v) collapse; (v) droop, sink, cast, drip. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase; (v) lift, pour, sharpen, raise, recuperate; (n) growth, mass, lot, upswing, elevation drove: (adj, n) flock, swarm, shoal; (n) horde, crowd, covey, mob, throng, multitude; (adj) bevy, driven drowned: (adj) prostrate, sunken; (v) drenched, drent drowsy: (adj, n) sleepy; (adj) lazy, comatose, somnolent, slow, lethargic, sluggish, dull, indolent, soporific, listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, awake, lively, vigorous, vivacious, refreshed drum: (adj, n) barrel; (n) cask, tympan, cylinder, timbrel, tambour, tambourine; (v) beat, roll, bone up, ram drums: (n) drumming duke: (n) lord, prince, hand, nobleman, fist, chief; (v) pass, box, deliver dull: (adj) dreary, dense, sluggish,

dismal, slack, torpid; (adj, v) blunt, stupid; (v) deaden, dampen; (adj, n) cold. ANTONYMS: (adj) lively, sharp, stimulating, exciting, lustrous, interesting, exhilarating, varied, glossy, glittery, luminous dumb: (adj) mute, speechless, dense, dim, silent, dull, slow, stupid, inarticulate, foolish, obtuse. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, communicative, intelligent, loquacious, sharp, smart, speaking, brilliant, talkative dungeon: (n, v) keep; (n) prison, cell, jail, penitentiary, fastness, oubliette, Bastille, bridewell, detention, house of correction dunghill: (adj) base, craven, jakes, sink, recreant, privy; (n) unsanitariness, laystall, mixen, muckheap, muckhill during: (prep) within, on, by, of, for, pending, inside; (adv) whilst, while; (adj) throughout; (n) at. ANTONYM: (prep) out dusky: (adj) dark, cloudy, gloomy, black, swarthy, dull, murky, obscure, dingy, sooty, somber. ANTONYMS: (adj) light, bright, sunny, radiant, clear duty: (n) function, commitment, obligation, chore, assignment, office, dues, job, responsibility, must; (n, v) charge. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, option dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth each: (adv) apiece, either, individually; (adj) every, various, singular; (adj, det) any; (n) anyone, an, anybody, everyone eagle: (n) bird of Jove, colors, double eagle, oriflamme, oriflamb, raptor, labarum, emblem, flag, dibs, streamer earl: (n) baron, jarl, peer, thane, viscount, banneret, chief, lord earldom: (n) rank, county, domain, demesne, count earnest: (adj, v) devout; (adj) eager, solemn, heartfelt, diligent, studious, sincere, intense, ardent, staid; (n) guarantee. ANTONYMS: (adj) flippant, halfhearted, uncertain, insincere, unimportant, nonchalant, lethargic, apathetic, unenthusiastic, indifferent, frivolous

151 earnestly: (adj, adv) seriously; (adv) eagerly, intently, zealously, solemnly, ardently, fervently, heartily, gravely, warmly, passionately. ANTONYMS: (adv) indifferently, insincerely, unconcernedly, jokingly earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, creation, ball, country ease: (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay; (n) convenience, rest, leisure, relief, satisfaction; (adj, v) facilitate; (n, v) relax. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, formality, awkwardness, worry, toil, problem, pain, maladroitness; (v) aggravate, worsen, impede eaten: (v) eat eats: (n) grub, chuck, food, meat, meal, diet, nurture, eat, dinner, board, feed eclipse: (v) darken, overshadow, cloud, shade, outdo, surpass, dim, transcend, outshine, outweigh; (n) disappearance. ANTONYMS: (n) rise; (v) fail, brighten, clear, disclose edged: (adj) cutting, sharp, bordered, pointed, bounded, keen, penetrating, sharper, stinging, unkind, bleak edward: (n) prince Edward, Black Prince e'er: (adv) ever, forever effeminate: (adj) womanish, delicate, epicene, sissy, emasculate, tender, ladylike, cissy, easy, voluptuous; (adj, v) feminate. ANTONYMS: (adj) macho, manly, masculine effusion: (n) effluence, eruption, outpour, efflux, outburst, exudation, extrusion, exhalation, emanation, emission, flow either: (adj) whatever; (adv) too, also, neither, besides, likewise; (n) or; (det) any; (conj) other elect: (n, v) pick; (adj, v) select, designate; (v) appoint, resolve, determine, take, prefer, nominate; (adj, n) chosen; (adj) choice. ANTONYMS: (v) abjure, appoint, oust, waver else: (adv) besides, yet, to boot, in addition, moreover; (pron) another; (n) or; (adj) different, other, further, additional embrace: (v) comprise, adopt, comprehend, contain, admit, espouse, include; (n, v) clasp, hug, grip, bosom. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, exclude, spurn, shun, renounce, release, loose, disbelieve

152 emperor: (n) sovereign, ruler, monarch, imperator, mikado, king, Saturnia pavonia, crowned head, emperors, protector, saturniid enchant: (n, v) charm, conjure; (v) delight, captivate, bewitch, attract, fascinate, allure, beguile, capture, enrapture. ANTONYMS: (v) disenchant, repulse, repel, disgust, bother, disappoint, annoy, displease enchantress: (n) siren, Delilah, fairy, witch, occultist, woman, lamia, sibyl, vamp, hag, sorceress encompassed: (adj) bounded encounter: (n) collision, conflict, battle, action, confrontation, brush; (n, v) combat, contest, rencounter; (v) confront, face. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, surrender, evade, avoid, yield; (n) shunning, avoidance, withdrawal endamage: (adj) damnify; (v) injure, indamage endless: (adj) constant, perpetual, interminable, continuous, ceaseless, eternal, uninterrupted, everlasting, incessant, vast, unrelenting. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, restricted, limited, intermittent, ending, finishing, sporadic, mortal, inconstant, few, slight endure: (adj, n, v) continue, support; (n, v) bear, suffer, stand, be; (v) accept, undergo, allow, stay, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) perish, die, break, fall, discontinue, crumble, end, enjoy, resign, quit, collapse enemy: (n) antagonist, opponent, foe, opposition, competitor, enmity, assailant, foeman, hostile, besieger; (adj, n) rival. ANTONYMS: (n) ally, friend, supporter, benefactor, defender, fan enfeebled: (adj) infirm, enervated, feeble, decrepit, crippled, old, adynamic; (adj, v) sickly, vacillating; (v) weak, accessible enforce: (v) compel, constrain, carry out, implement, impose, execute, apply, drive, dispense, effect; (n, v) force. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relax, neglect, forget, exempt, disregard, abandon england: (n) Britain, British, UK, United Kingdom, Albion, British Empire english: (n) English language, Englishwoman, Britain, Englishman, side, the English, English people; (adj) Anglican; (v) Anglify engraved: (adj) carved, inscribed,

King Henry VI, Part I etched, sculptured, chased, cut in, graphic, graven; (prep) insculptured; (v) fixed, imprinted enjoy: (v) hold, have, relish, bask, appreciate, own, rejoice, revel, love, experience; (adj, v) like. ANTONYMS: (v) need, suffer, loathe, lack, hate, detest, despise, want enlarge: (v) expand, aggrandize, augment, dilate, distend, widen, increase, elaborate, extend, blow up, grow. ANTONYMS: (v) reduce, shrink, contract, decrease, compress, condense, diminish, lessen, minimize, narrow, abridge enlargement: (n) magnification, amplification, expansion, increase, dilation, addition, development, distension, distention, growth, extension. ANTONYMS: (n) contraction, decrease, lessening, shrinkage, deterioration, drop, erosion enough: (adj) ample, adequate, competent, decent; (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fill; (adv) rather, amply, adequately; (adv, n) plenty. ANTONYMS: (adj) insufficient, deficient, wanting, scant; (adv) insufficiently, inadequately; (n) insufficiency, deficiency, inadequacy, shortage enrich: (v) decorate, adorn, fertilize, beautify, ornament, develop, fatten, endow, better, cultivate; (n) enrichment. ANTONYMS: (v) impoverish, cheapen, degenerate, reduce, deplete, deteriorate enter: (v) enroll, embark, chronicle, book, record, input, arrive, come, pierce, register, penetrate. ANTONYMS: (v) depart, exit, delete, stop, refrain, erase, egress, abstain, cancel, exclude, disembark entertain: (v) amuse, delight, bear, cherish, beguile, admit, accommodate, harbor, hold, distract; (n, v) interest. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore, banish, forget, tire, displease entice: (n, v) lure, attract, seduce, tempt; (v) cajole, bait, draw, charm, coax, allure, captivate. ANTONYMS: (v) dissuade, repulse, discourage, force enticing: (adj, v) alluring; (adj) tempting, attractive, beguiling, inviting, seductive, engaging, fetching, appealing, fascinating, enthralling. ANTONYMS: (adj) unappealing, unattractive, revolting

entrance: (v) enchant, charm, captivate, bewitch, enrapture; (n) access, entry, admittance, threshold, arrival, door. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, egress, egression, exiting, exclusion, retirement; (v) bore, repel, repulse entreaty: (n) plea, prayer, request, petition, adjuration, supplication, suit, demand, desire, invocation; (v) solicitation envious: (adj) covetous, invidious, jaundiced, malicious, begrudge, greedy, resentful, grudging, green, begrudging, enviable. ANTONYMS: (adj) fulfilled, satisfied, undesirous, contented envy: (v) begrudge, want; (n) enviousness, desire, heartburning, resentment, envies, heartburn, jealousy, hatred; (adj) jealous. ANTONYM: (n) generosity equal: (v) compare, equalize, equate; (adj, v) agree, correspond, even, equivalent; (adj) comparable; (n) compeer; (adj, n, v) rival, parallel. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, repressive, uneven, disproportionate, inconsistent, unlike, dissimilar, discriminating, diverse; (v) differ, disproportion error: (n) blunder, fault, mistake, delusion, lapse, oversight, miss, guilt, crime, defect; (adj, n) wrong. ANTONYMS: (n) correctness, fact, accuracy escaped: (adj) at large, at liberty, loose, on the loose, runaway, easy, wild; (n) freer; (v) escaping especial: (adj) extraordinary, special, specific, chief, individual, distinct, distinctive, characteristic, appropriate, peculiar, express. ANTONYMS: (adj) general, normal, common, unexceptional, usual established: (adj, v) conventional, regular, set, settled; (adj) accepted, firm, fixed, decided, standard, secure, confirmed. ANTONYMS: (adj) debatable, unestablished, unconventional, unusual, unknown, rare, new, innovative, changing, temporary, unorthodox eternal: (adj) constant, perpetual, ceaseless, everlasting, lasting, continual, aeonian, immortal, boundless, deathless, enduring. ANTONYMS: (adj) mortal, finite, brief, ephemeral, fleeting, terminable, ending, fragile, inconstant europe: (n) Io, Europa, EC, Eleusine

William Shakespeare indica, goose grass, silverweed, wild strawberry, wild hop, starry saxifrage, star saxifrage, east Asia event: (n) effect, case, consequence, occurrence, incident, result, contingency, product, fact, happening, circumstance. ANTONYM: (n) insignificancy ever: (adj, adv) always, continually; (adj) constantly, still, forever; (adv) never, e'er, before, once, perpetually; (n) Evers. ANTONYM: (adv) erratically every: (adj) each, total, whole, any, thorough; (n) everybody, everyone, everything; (adv) apiece, either; (pron) every one exceed: (v) beat, pass, surpass, transcend, outdo, surmount, cap, outshine, overrun, top, outweigh. ANTONYMS: (v) follow, fail, trail, make exceeding: (prep) beyond, more than, greater than; (adj) excessive, transcendent, extraordinary, exceptional, prodigious, surpassing, Olympian; (v) exceed excel: (v) top, surpass, cap, outdo, pass, eclipse, beat, transcend, lead, outshine; (adj, v) better. ANTONYMS: (v) flunk, trail except: (adj, conj, prep) save; (v) exclude, demur, omit, elide; (adv, conj, prep) but; (adv, prep) besides; (prep) excepting, excluding, aside from; (conj, n) without. ANTONYMS: (prep) including; (v) receive, admit exchanged: (adj) counterchanged, bartered, substituted exclaim: (v) call out, call, shout, cry out, ejaculate, clamor, outcry, scream, shout out, speak, vociferate excursion: (n) expedition, jaunt, outing, digression, drive, tour, airing, voyage, deviation, stroll; (n, v) journey executed: (adj) finished, fulfilled, complete execution: (n) accomplishment, achievement, enforcement, implementation, effect, action, carrying out, executing, discharge, death penalty, capital punishment. ANTONYM: (n) omission exempt: (v) absolve, discharge, dispense, forgive, relieve, justify, except; (adj, v) free; (adj) immune, at liberty, released. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) nonexempt; (adj) liable, taxable, bound; (v) enforce, blame, include exequies: (n) last rites

exhibit: (adj, n, v) display; (v) evince, evidence, expose, demonstrate, disclose, flaunt, announce, present, show, produce. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, cover; (n) concealment, hiding exit: (n) departure, door, egress, outlet, going, gate, way out; (v) leave, go, go out, die. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, entry, entrance, greeting; (v) arrive, come expect: (v) assume, anticipate, demand, understand, hope, think, suppose, calculate, await, abide, conceive. ANTONYMS: (v) fear, despair expedition: (n) dispatch, travel, celerity, speed, haste, readiness, quest, tour; (n, v) campaign, journey, crusade. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, procrastination, slowing expense: (n) disbursement, expenditure, price, outlay, amount, toll, fee, payment, costs; (n, v) charge, detriment. ANTONYM: (n) income expenses: (n) expenditure, expense, charge, costs, fee, spending, disbursement, overheads, payment, outlay, upkeep expert: (adj, n) adept, proficient, professional; (adj) skillful, adroit, dexterous, able, experienced, clever, deft; (n, v) critic. ANTONYMS: (adj) unskilled, inept, untrained, inferior, inexperienced, immature, unschooled; (n) beginner, novice, tyro, apprentice exploit: (n, v) act, achievement, feat, action; (n) accomplishment, adventure, effort; (v) exercise, apply, use, employ. ANTONYM: (v) waste express: (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial; (n, v) declare; (v) demonstrate, convey, articulate, display, mean. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, retain; (adj) vague, slow, unexpressed, roundabout, unsaid, uncertain, indirect; (n) local extemporal: (adj) extemporaneous external: (adj, n, prep) exterior; (adj) outside, extrinsic, extraneous, outward, outlying, foreign, peripheral, superficial, formal, objective. ANTONYMS: (adj) inner, internal, domestic, inmost, inside, indoor, outgoing, inward, intrinsic, deep, relevant extinguish: (v) destroy, exterminate, eradicate, douse, annihilate, consume, wipe out, end, suppress, quash; (adj, v) allay. ANTONYMS: (v) ignite, build, create, encourage,

153 inflame, sustain, protect eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen fabulous: (adj) mythical, legendary, fabled, mythological, wonderful, marvelous, spectacular, fab, terrific, amazing, imaginary. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, prosaic, routine, ordinary, factual, common, humdrum, dire, unimpressive, abysmal face: (adj, n, v) front; (v) confront, audacity; (n, v) look, aspect, top; (n) side, expression, countenance, exterior, facade. ANTONYMS: (n, v) back; (n) timidity, nobody, underside, shyness, rear; (v) evade, elude, hide, withdraw, submit fact: (n) event, detail, truth, particular, reality, point, thing, occurrence, experience, actuality; (n, v) deed. ANTONYMS: (n) guesswork, fallacy, conjecture, report, falsehood, fiction, concept, fabrication, fantasy, illusion, lie faction: (n) crew, cabal, group, band, set, party, division, junto, dissension, clan; (n, v) feud. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, agreement, entirety, peace, unity factious: (adj) rebellious, seditious, divisive, quarrelsome, turbulent, contumacious, mutinous, willful, argumentative, contentious, demagogical. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonious, agreeing, cooperative fading: (n) attenuation, bleaching, discoloration, disappearance, evaporation, colour fading, decay; (adj) disappearing, paling, weakening, decaying. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, increasing, growing fain: (adj) willing, prepared, ready, favorable, heart and soul, prone; (adv) gladly, lief, readily, willingly; (v) optative fainting: (n) swoon, syncope, deliquium, lipothymy, prostration, stupor; (adj) lipothymic faintness: (n) weakness, debility, indistinctness, languor, fuzziness, blurriness, fogginess, dullness, ambiguity, lassitude, infirmity. ANTONYMS: (n) acuteness, strength, harshness, clearness, loudness, clarity fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet, reasonable, dispassionate, average, fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj, adv) clean; (n) blonde. ANTONYMS: (adj) biased, unjust, exceptional, dark, partial,

154 mismatched, unwarranted, foul, imbalanced, prejudiced, poor faith: (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, creed, assurance, cult, expectation, dependence. ANTONYMS: (n) disbelief, distrust, dubiosity, skepticism, despair, uncertainty, doubt, independence faithful: (adj, n) accurate, correct, exact, true; (adj) close, unfailing, dependable, devoted, sound, devout; (adj, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) unreliable, false, inaccurate, unfaithful, unrealistic, faithless, perfidious, backstabbing, cheating, inexact, loose fall: (n, v) decline, dip, rain, decrease, plunge, dive; (n) downfall, descent, autumn; (v) descend, sink. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase, win, climb, triumph; (n) ascent, improvement, rising; (v) ascend, advance, conquer, elevate false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, dishonest, erroneous, sham, assumed, artificial, fictitious, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, honesty, reality fame: (n, v) credit, celebrity, report, reputation, renown, cry; (n) distinction, bruit, honor, prestige, buzz. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, obscurity, anonymity, ignominy, dishonor, commonness, oblivion, criticism familiar: (adj) conversant, everyday, usual, ordinary, commonplace; (adj, n) customary, common, intimate, habitual, accustomed; (n) companion. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfamiliar, strange, foreign, unaccustomed, new, unknown, ignorant, formal, shy, rare, distant famine: (n) scarcity, shortage, privation, deficiency, deficit, starvation, drought, hunger, poverty, penury, failure. ANTONYMS: (n) abundance, plenty, glut, feast, bounty, excess famous: (adj) celebrated, splendid, distinguished, renowned, illustrious, famed, capital, prominent, well-known, fine,

King Henry VI, Part I stunning. ANTONYMS: (adj) infamous, ordinary, anonymous, insignificant, obscure, inglorious, undistinguished fancy: (n, v) desire, fantasy, caprice, dream, wish, daydream; (v) imagine, consider; (adj, v) conceive; (n) conception, conceit. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, certainty, actuality, conviction; (adj) unadorned, common; (v) hate, demonstrate, detest, disapprove, test fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, salutation, welcome fashion: (n) mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way; (n, v) cut, construct, style; (v) contrive, make. ANTONYM: (v) destroy fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v) gorge, eat fatal: (adj) deadly, pestilent, lethal, disastrous, destructive, dangerous, deathly, fateful, murderous, critical; (adj, v) mortal. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmless, nourishing, healthful, benign, uncritical, mild father: (n) dad, begetter, creator, abba, patriarch, beginner, founder, padre; (n, v) sire; (v) engender, generate. ANTONYMS: (n) disciple, follower fault: (adj, n, v) deficiency; (n) error, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, blunder; (adj, n) failing, blemish; (n, v) blame, crime. ANTONYMS: (n) strength, virtue, capability, innocence, perfection, credit, ease; (v) praise, absolve favor: (n, v) countenance, aid, grace, support, benefit, boon; (adj, n) kindness; (n) advantage; (v) befriend, encourage, patronize. ANTONYMS: (v) hinder, contradict, dislike, hurt, differ, thwart, reject, demean; (n) derogation, disapproval, unkindness fawn: (v) crawl, creep, grovel, cringe, cower, crouch, bootlick, kowtow, blandish, flatter; (n) deer.

ANTONYMS: (v) insult, despise, ignore, domineer fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright, consternation, care, anguish; (n, v) apprehension, doubt, concern, reverence. ANTONYMS: (n) fearlessness, reassurance, confidence, courage, valor, calm, boldness, security, equanimity, peace; (v) brave fearful: (adj, n) afraid; (adj, v) dreadful, cowardly; (adj) terrible, apprehensive, awful, timid, anxious, craven, frightful, eerie. ANTONYMS: (adj) rational, calm, confident, bold, unimpressed, charming, fearless, courageous, reassuring, unafraid, wonderful feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, starve; (n) snack feature: (n) article, aspect, detail, character, characteristic, peculiarity, lineament, facet, appearance, quality; (n, v) mark. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore feed: (v) eat, dine, browse, encourage, board, diet, nourish, fatten; (n, v) nurture, provender; (n) aliment. ANTONYMS: (v) thwart, crave, desire, sap feeds: (n) feeding feel: (v) experience, finger, handle, consider, find; (n, v) sense, sound; (n) feeling, texture, atmosphere, air. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, doubt, question, mistrust, ignore, disregard, disbelieve, challenge feet: (v) legs, pegs, pins, trotters; (n) foots, ft, fete, meter, rescue feign: (v) dissemble, simulate, affect, pretend, assume, dissimulate, counterfeit, act, sham, fabricate; (adj, v) deceive feigned: (adj) false, affected, assumed, dummy, unnatural, fictitious; (adj, v) sham, counterfeit, spurious, mock, pretended. ANTONYMS: (adj) sincere, genuine, natural, wholehearted, heartfelt, real fell: (v) cut, chop, bring down, drop, cut down; (adj) barbarous, cruel; (adj, v) prostrate, floor, knock down; (n) skin. ANTONYMS: (v) construct, erect, raise, build fellow: (adj, n) comrade, associate; (n) boy, equal, brother, peer, chap, colleague, compeer, buddy; (adj, n, v) concomitant. ANTONYMS: (n) female, woman, girl, foe, enemy,

William Shakespeare antagonist, competitor fertile: (adj) productive, fat, fecund, abundant, fruitful, exuberant, copious, affluent, bountiful, generous; (adj, v) creative. ANTONYMS: (adj) sterile, unproductive, barren, fruitless, arid, impotent, withering fickle: (adj, v) erratic, skittish; (adj) volatile, capricious, mercurial, mobile, variable, inconsistent, shifting, giddy, inconstant. ANTONYMS: (adj) untiring, stable, unchanging, consistent, constant, dependable, predictable, placid, loyal, faithful fickleness: (n) faithlessness, levity, volatility, instability, capriciousness, changeableness, falseness, flightiness; (n, v) caprice; (v) fancy, legerete. ANTONYMS: (n) fidelity, loyalty, predictability field: (n) area, battlefield, ground, place, domain, discipline, range, realm, battleground, section, compass fiend: (n) monster, devil, fanatic, brute, deuce, incubus, goblin, ogre, enthusiast, daemon, addict. ANTONYM: (n) angel fierce: (adj) bitter, acute, cruel, ferocious, brutal, grim, nasty, intense, ardent; (adj, v) savage, furious. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, mild, calm, quiet, tame, docile, weak, peaceful, pleasant fierceness: (n) ferocity, violence, cruelty, force, brutality, rage, intensity, strength, vehemence, wildness, ferociousness. ANTONYMS: (n) friendliness, calmness, meekness fifth: (n) interval, twenty percent, common fraction, fifth part; (adv) fifthly; (v) decimate fifty: (adj, n) l; (n) half a hundred, fifty dollar bill, cubic decimeter, cubic decimetre fight: (n, v) battle, dispute, contest, quarrel, engagement, feud, squabble, argue, struggle, clash; (adj, n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) withdrawal, retreat; (n) fear, surrender, agreement; (v) compromise, favor, submit fighting: (adj) belligerent, militant; (n) fight, contest, combat, action, affray, strife, engagement, war; (n, v) conflict. ANTONYMS: (adj) peaceful, meek; (n) calm, withdrawal, retreat, friendliness, agreement, peace, surrender

fill: (v) block, clog, stuff, line, charge, execute, accomplish, complete, brim, fulfill; (n) crowd. ANTONYMS: (v) empty, free, deplete, unpack, unload, notch, deflate, desert find: (v) catch, detect, encounter, come across, feel, attain, ascertain; (n) detection, disclosure, search, discovery. ANTONYMS: (v) misplace, search, fail; (n) loss fine: (adj) delicate, dainty, agreeable, nice, thin, elegant, capital, excellent, brave; (n) penalty; (v) punish. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, thick, wide, coarse, unsatisfactory, substantial, wretched, unpleasant, unimpressive, dark, cloudy finger: (v) feel, handle, touch, thumb, indicate, point; (n) digit, dactyl, forefinger, pointer; (n, v) hand. ANTONYM: (v) clear finish: (n, v) close, complete, consummate; (v) achieve, execute, discontinue, cease, accomplish, determine; (n) conclusion, death. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, opening, inception, middle, creation; (v) begin, continue, sustain, save, renew, conserve fitter: (n) adjuster, machinist, sartor, cutter, mounter, erector; (adj) suitable, healthier fitting: (n) adaptation, adjustment, appointment; (adj) apt, appropriate, applicable, felicitous, just, decorous, becoming, suitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) improper, wrong, incompatible, inconvenient, undue, unfit, unsatisfactory, unseemly, unsuitable five: (n) fives, quintuplet, quint, Phoebe, basketball team, fin, squad, ace, digit; (adj, n) v; (adj) quinary flag: (adj, v) decline, fade, drop, fail; (n) banner, ensign, colors, colours; (v) sag; (n, v) sign; (adj, n, v) languish. ANTONYMS: (v) increase, rise, rally, strengthen flatter: (v) fawn, adulate, wheedle, cajole, soap, kowtow, blandish, grovel, butter up; (n, v) court; (n) caress. ANTONYMS: (v) insult, disparage, criticize, discourage flesh: (adj) carnality, concupiscence; (n) mortality, beef, form, figure, frame, person, mankind, humanity, meat flight: (adj, n) herd, flying, bevy, drove; (n) escape, run, exodus, evasion, elopement, departure; (n, v) avolation fling: (n, v) toss, throw, pitch, slam,

155 hurl; (v) chuck, shoot, dash, rush, discard; (n) crack. ANTONYM: (v) collect flinty: (adj) rocky, unyielding, grim, unfeeling, stern, stony, severe, hard, cruel, obdurate, heartless flood: (n, v) flow, torrent, pour, stream, glut, rush, gush; (v) drench, inundate, drown; (n, prep) tide. ANTONYMS: (n) drought, shortage, slump, deficit; (v) disperse, dry flourish: (n, v) display; (v) thrive, prosper, boast, wave, brag, wield, boom, grow; (adj, v) bloom; (adv, v) shake. ANTONYMS: (v) decline, struggle, deteriorate, wilt, pine, fade, flounder, decrease, dwindle flout: (n, v) deride, jeer, gibe, taunt, scoff, mock, sneer; (v) defy, scorn, jest, scout. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, notice flower: (n, v) blossom, blow; (v) effloresce, flourish; (adj, n) prime; (n) efflorescence, elite, cream, bouquet, floret, florescence. ANTONYMS: (n) residue; (v) wither flowering: (adj) blooming, abloom, efflorescent, flourishing; (n) bloom, blossom, flower, anthesis, inflorescence, efflorescence, florescence flowing: (adj) fluent, running, graceful, smooth, fluid, soft, liquid; (n) current, flux, flow; (adj, v) loose. ANTONYMS: (adj) secure, ugly, still, stilted, jerky, harsh, halting foil: (n, v) thwart, defeat, balk; (v) baffle, bilk, cross, elude, avert, prevent; (n) contrast, blade. ANTONYMS: (v) advance, further, permit, promote folks: (n) people, folk, tribe, relations, household, house, relatives, relative, kindred, lineage, kin follow: (v) chase, adopt, adhere, succeed, accompany, abide by, comprehend, ensue, track; (adj, v) catch, grasp. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, lead, head, disobey, deny, ignore, misunderstand, predate, exceed, defy, break followers: (n) adherents, people, entourage, claque, faithful, disciples, supporters, multitude, attendants, support, suite folly: (n) fatuity, foolishness, silliness, tomfoolery, nonsense, stupidity, craziness, density, freak; (adj, n) irrationality, trifling. ANTONYM: (n) sense fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous,

156 delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, rational, mature, judicious foot: (n) base, feet, foundation, footing, pes, paw, basis, leg, measure; (v) hoof, pay. ANTONYMS: (v) owe; (n) head footing: (n) foothold, base, bottom, foundation, status, rank, foot, pedestal, situation, relation, root. ANTONYM: (n) top forbear: (v) refrain, desist, help, tolerate, abide, eschew, endure, relinquish; (n) predecessor, progenitor, forebear forbidden: (adj) banned, taboo, illegal, prohibited, contraband, illicit, verboten, proscribed, outlawed, illegitimate; (adj, adv) offlimits. ANTONYMS: (adj) allowed, permitted, permissible, legal, open force: (n, v) drive, squeeze, pressure, thrust; (n) energy, strength, agency; (v) coerce, push, press, compel. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, ineffectiveness, inertia, apathy, moderation; (v) request, wheedle, pull, push, restrain, prevent forced: (adj) compelled, bound, constrained, artificial, involuntary, unnatural, forcible, farfetched, strained, obligatory, labored. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary, natural, genuine, willing, optional forces: (n) troop, army, troops, rank and file, services, war, Armed Services, enmity fore: (adv) ahead, before; (adj, adv) forward; (n) bow, head, forefront, stem; (adj, n) front; (adj) anterior, foremost, frontal. ANTONYMS: (adv) aft, behind, rear; (adj) back foreign: (adj) extraneous, extrinsic, alien, exterior, external, exotic, strange, oversea, adventitious, unfamiliar, stranger. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, domestic, internal, relevant, national, natural foresee: (v) expect, forecast, anticipate, envisage, previse, foreknow, prophesy, provide, foresaw, predict, see forfend: (v) prevent, avert, rule out, preclude, obviate, forbid, fend,

King Henry VI, Part I deter, prohibit forged: (adj) false, bogus, phony, fake, sham, fabricated, mock, spurious, ben trovato, imitative, bad. ANTONYM: (adj) real forget: (v) leave, miss, blank out, bury, to forget, overlook, neglect, ignore, fail, unlearn, abandon. ANTONYMS: (v) mind, attend forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, castigate forlorn: (adj) hopeless, desolate, despairing, unhappy, miserable, deserted, disconsolate, downcast, cheerless, wretched, abject. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, hopeful, fine former: (adj) previous, antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, prior, foregoing, original, deceased, past; (adv) formerly. ANTONYMS: (adj) future, last, next, current, following, present, subsequent, later; (n) latter forsake: (v) abandon, ditch, relinquish, abdicate, fail, leave, forgo, chuck, disclaim; (n, v) drop; (adj, v) quit. ANTONYM: (v) support forsaken: (adj) deserted, abandoned, lonely, forlorn, derelict, desert, empty, solitary, friendless; (adj, v) jilted; (v) crossed in love. ANTONYM: (adj) unforsaken forsooth: (adv) really, actually, certainly, indeed, in truth, truly, by right; (adj) in fact, joking apart; (int) quotha forth: (adv) away, along, onward, ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under way forthwith: (adv) directly, immediately, at once, now, instantly, straight, presently, straightaway, incontinently; (adj, adv) quickly; (adj) immediate fortress: (n) fort, bulwark, fortification, castle, stronghold, citadel, alcazar, tower, presidio, redoubt; (n, v) keep fortunate: (adj) favorable, lucky, auspicious, advantageous, favored, happy, prosperous, fortuitous, well, successful; (adj, n) blessed. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, disadvantaged, disastrous, unfavorable, underprivileged, inauspicious, unenviable, unsatisfactory

fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) design forty: (adj, n) XL; (n) two score, forties; (adj) twoscore forward: (adj, prep) bold; (adj, adv) onward; (adj) audacious; (adj, n, v) promote; (v) expedite, dispatch; (adv) fore, along, ahead; (adv, n, v) further; (adj, adv, n) early. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) backward; (adj) posterior, timid, reverse, abashed, late, formal; (adv) behind, rearward, back, aft foul: (adj, v) nasty, base, corrupt, coarse; (adj) filthy, disgusting, evil, unclean, putrid; (n, v) defile, soil. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) clean, pure; (adj) pleasant, fair, inoffensive, humane, attractive, honest, pleasing, fragrant; (v) unclog found: (v) erect, build, base, form, construct, constitute, appoint, institute, set up, create, ground. ANTONYMS: (v) abolish, disband; (adj) lost four: (n) quaternary, foursome, tetrad, quaternion, quadruplet, square, quarter, quad, air, age of man; (adj, n) IV fourth: (adv) fourthly; (n) interval, third, after part, common fraction, fourth part, quartern, second; (adj) quaternary frame: (n, v) construct, design, fabricate, make, fashion, border, build, forge; (v) draft, erect, contrive france: (n) Frances, Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault, regional operations in Germany, Anatole France frantic: (adj) desperate, crazy, excited, distraught, frenetic, distracted; (adj, v) frenzied, furious, wild, raging; (n) maniac. ANTONYMS: (adj) mellow, composed fraud: (n, v) deceit; (n) duplicity, counterfeit, fake, dishonesty, deception, sham, falsehood, swindle, trickery, trick. ANTONYMS: (n) fairness, integrity, original, genuine, truthfulness free: (adj, v) exempt, liberate, discharge; (adj, adv, v) loose; (v) excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, ease; (adj, n) frank; (adj) liberal. ANTONYMS: (adj) restricted, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, confined, tangled, compelled, dependent; (v)

William Shakespeare confine freedom: (adj, n) franchise, immunity; (n) deliverance, autonomy, release, discharge, emancipation, escape, liberty, right; (adj) frankness. ANTONYMS: (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, suppression, dependence, restraint, capture, chance, conformity, inclusion french: (adj) Gallic, Frankish, Gallican, Gallian; (v) to take French leave; (n) Frenchman, romance language, French people, Daniel Chester French, profanity, the French frenchman: (n) French person, Gaul, frog, Norman, Parisian, Frenchwoman, savoyard, Breton, Angevine, Angevin, monsieur fresh: (adj) clean, bracing, novel, bright, recent, original, airy, bold, pure, green; (adj, v) brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) stale, decayed, hot, tired, worn, rotten, off, musty, muggy, humid, exhausted fret: (n, v) gall, irritate, trouble, worry; (v) agitate, chafe, rub, fray, upset, annoy; (n) anxiety fretting: (adj) irritable, dissatisfied, peevish; (n) festering, friction, exulceration friend: (adj, n) associate, comrade, companion, fellow, ally; (n) acquaintance, colleague, boyfriend, crony, brother, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, rival, nemesis, adversary, antagonist friendly: (adj, n) favorable; (adj) amiable, affectionate, decent, goodnatured, kind, convivial, companionable, benevolent, amicable; (adj, adv) comradely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfriendly, distant, disagreeable, aggressive, aloof, formal, frosty, belligerent, curt, reserved, impersonal friends: (n) circle, associates, connections, links, support group, acquaintances friendship: (n) association, familiarity, affection, companionship, friendliness, intimacy, company, attachment, relationship; (n, v) amity, concord. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, animosity, antagonism, conflict, formality, rivalry, hatred, detachment, distance, isolation fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, horror, consternation, apprehension.

ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, courage, confidence, security frivolous: (adj) empty, foolish, dizzy, petty, idle, light, flighty, unimportant, flippant, trivial, superficial. ANTONYMS: (adj) important, solemn, worthwhile, vital, weighty, staid, significant, sensible, responsible, crucial, heavy front: (v) confront, look; (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, facade, forehead, frontage; (adj, n) head; (n, v) disguise; (adj) fore. ANTONYMS: (adj, n, v) back; (adj, n) end; (adj) posterior; (v) follow frown: (adj, v) lower; (adj, n) scowl; (n, v) pout, grimace, glower, glare; (adj) black looks, gloam, glout; (v) sulk, gnash. ANTONYM: (v) approve fruit: (n) crop, outgrowth, product, fruitage, progeny, acorn, production, yield, aftermath; (n, v) result; (v) return fruitful: (adj) fertile, copious, profitable, abundant, plentiful, rich, fecund, good, fat, productive, lucrative. ANTONYMS: (adj) unproductive, barren, infertile, unfruitful, unprofitable, sterile, fruitless, destructive fruition: (n) enjoyment, pleasure, gratification, delight, accomplishment, realization, realisation, consummation, success, completion, achievement full: (adj, n) complete, absolute, entire; (adj) abundant, flush, broad, extensive, ample, total, enough; (adj, adv, n) crowded. ANTONYMS: (adj) lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, thin, deserted, partial, restricted, weak; (v) wane fully: (adv) thoroughly, entirely, perfectly, totally, absolutely, all, downright, enough, richly; (adv, v) abundantly, adequately. ANTONYMS: (adv) superficially, incompletely, meagerly, partly, poorly, nearly, slightly, insufficiently, hardly; (adj) half, semi function: (n) position, office, service, role, place, agency, application; (n, v) work, exercise; (v) run, serve. ANTONYMS: (v) stop; (n) uselessness funeral: (n) entombment, interment, sepulture, funeral rite, wake, pyre, observance, funeral sermon, funeral pile; (adj) sepulchral; (v) bury furious: (adj, v) fierce, violent,

157 vehement, wild, rampant; (adj) frantic, enraged, ferocious, boisterous, raging, frenzied. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, mild, gentle, pleased, mellow, quiet, slow further: (adj, adv) farther, more; (v) advance, encourage, foster, forward; (adj) extra, additional; (n, v) promote; (adv) again, also. ANTONYMS: (v) impede, thwart, discourage, damage, regress, deteriorate, prevent, hinder; (adj) near fury: (n) anger, exasperation, force, resentment, delirium, furor, frenzy, indignation, craze; (adj, n) wrath, ferocity. ANTONYMS: (n) composure, calmness, mildness, calm, pleasure, serenity future: (adj) unborn, prospective, coming, intended, to come, potential, impending, approaching; (n) hereafter, fate, time to come. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, earlier, near, nearby gain: (n, v) profit, benefit, win, catch, advance; (v) derive, earn, get, attain, reach; (n) earnings. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, deficit, disadvantage, setback; (n, v) decrease; (v) reduce, scatter, collapse gallery: (n) balcony, veranda, drift, audience, art gallery, circle, picture gallery, porch, terrace, verandah, corridor gallia: (n) Gaul garden: (v) farm, cultivate, tend; (n) field, bed, plantation, orchard, grove, grounds, park; (adj) gardenly garrison: (n) fortification, fortress, stronghold, troops, presidio, defense, base, citadel, soldiery; (n, v) defend; (v) send garter: (n) cestus, halter, running knot, surcingle, noose, knot, lasso, suspender, star, wreath, crown gasp: (n, v) pant; (v) puff, blow, breathe, sigh, heave, wheeze, breathe heavily, gag; (n) inhalation, breath gate: (n) door, mouth, entry, doorway, port, exit, goal, barrier, approach, inlet, threshold gates: (n) bill Gates gather: (n, v) fold, tuck; (v) convene, garner, congregate, compile, assemble, accumulate, collect, meet, flock. ANTONYMS: (v) disperse, scatter, spread, distribute, disband, decrease, part, smooth gaunt: (adj) lean, thin, cadaverous, desolate, bleak, dreary, meager,

158 bony, angular, lanky, sullen. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, rounded, obese gave: (v) deliver, allow, allot, provide, furnish, impart, administer; (n) gives general: (adj, v) common, frequent; (adj) comprehensive, national, universal, ecumenical, current, commonplace, public; (n) chief, commander. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) particular; (adj) narrow, individual, restricted, specialist, detailed, personal, localized, local, precise, limited gens: (n) name, epithet, figure, family line, folk gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep, sheer gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male, patrician, sir, adult male, esquire, sahib, gentlemen; (adj) gentilhomme, gentlemanly gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs gently: (adv) tenderly, slowly, mildly, soft, slow, kindly, delicately, softly, lightly, meekly, quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sharply, fiercely, forcefully, harshly, abruptly, violently, severely, roughly, intensely, meanly, heavily george: (n) Christian martyr, saint George, St George ghost: (n, v) apparition, specter; (n) shade, spirit, demon, soul, spook, spectre, goblin, appearance, monster giddy: (adj, v) flighty; (adj) dizzy, faint, silly, changeable, vertiginous, featherbrained, light, fickle, capricious; (adv) careless. ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, dull giglot: (n) fiddle, gig girl: (n) damsel, gal, lady, young woman, maid, lass, fille, wench, daughter, bride, virgin. ANTONYMS: (n) son, boy girt: (n, v) girth, girdle; (v) gird, begird, encircle, environ; (n) band, belt, zone, cingle; (adj) braced give: (v) extend, commit, donate, endow, contribute, dispense, deliver, convey, grant; (adj, v) bestow, accord. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, take, withhold, retain, receive, keep, get, hide, conceal, starve, withstand given: (adj) apt, disposed, prone,

King Henry VI, Part I specified, liable, inclined, granted, fixed, conditional; (n) assumption, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) taken, unwilling gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay, blithe, delighted, festive, content, delightful, genial, bright, willing. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, apologetic, dismayed, unwilling, disappointed, sorry glass: (n) bottle, drink, goblet, cup, drinking glass, spectacles, glasses, field glass, bowl; (v) glaze; (adj, n) ice glassy: (adj, v) glossy; (adj) clear, glazed, smooth, flat, crystalline, dead, dull, hyaline, transparent; (v) glabrous. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, bumpy, dull, expressive, murky, rough glimmer: (adj, n, v) flicker, twinkle; (n, v) gleam, shimmer, flash, sparkle, beam, glow, shine; (v) blink; (n) gleaming gloomy: (adj) black, desolate, dejected, cheerless, depressing, dismal, downcast, disconsolate, melancholy, funereal, downhearted. ANTONYMS: (adj) encouraging, cheery, cheerful, bright, hopeful, light, promising, uplifting, joyful, sunny, clear glorious: (adj) distinguished, beautiful, bright, celebrated, brilliant, eminent, magnificent, super, great, splendid; (adj, v) illustrious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sorrowful, despicable, horrible, shameful, lowly glory: (n) celebrity, brightness, honor, distinction, glorification, eclat, dignity; (n, v) halo, pride; (v) exult, boast. ANTONYMS: (v) blasphemy, lament, profanity; (n) dishonor, disrepute, ugliness, blame, criticism gloss: (adj, n, v) polish; (n, v) glaze, comment, burnish, veneer, shine, color; (v) annotate; (n) brightness, annotation, finish. ANTONYMS: (v) overemphasize, exaggerate godly: (adj, adv) holy, saintly; (adj) religious, pious, divine, devotional, reverent, pure; (adv) piously, righteously, devoutly. ANTONYM: (adj) earthly gold: (n) Au, money, riches, wealth, bullion, treasure, yellow, amber; (adj) aureate, gilt, golden golden: (adj) aureate, fortunate, gilded, auspicious, gold, gilt, lucky,

advantageous, fair, favorable, favored. ANTONYM: (adj) inauspicious gone: (adj, prep) past; (adj) deceased, bygone, departed, desperate, lost, late; (adj, v) exhausted, extinct; (adj, adv) absent, away. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, remaining, found, alive goodly: (adv) benignly, kindly, strongly, rightly, graciously, virtuously, soundly, uprightly; (adj) sizable, handsome, respectable goodness: (adj, n) generosity, kindness, gentleness; (n) good, excellence, benefit, virtue, worth, morality; (adj) favor, beneficence. ANTONYMS: (n) evil, wickedness, badness, corruptness, bad, immorality, corruption goose: (n) goof, fathead, cuckoo, barnacle, fool, jackass, brent, brant, goosecap; (n, v) spur; (v) serpent gorgeous: (adj) luxurious, gaudy, attractive, brilliant, wonderful, glorious, gay, florid, palatial, dressy; (adj, v) rich. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, unattractive, detestable, shabby governor: (n) chief, manager, regulator, administrator, lord, superintendent, ruler, controller, leader, president, protector grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, embellish, beautify, decorate, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, demean gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor grandfather: (n) gramps, grandad, grandpapa, grandpa, grandsire, granddaddy, ancestor, father's father, paternal grandfather, father, forefather grant: (adj, v) bestow, allow, confer; (n, v) award, gift, boon; (v) concede, afford, admit, acknowledge; (adj, n, v) present. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, reject, refuse, maintain, prohibit, disagree, retrieve, take, withhold, withdraw grate: (v) grind, creak, scrape, abrade,

William Shakespeare gall, gnash, fret, rub, aggravate, provoke; (n) lattice grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v) engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, minor, insignificant, favorable gray: (adj) dull, dim, bleak, gloomy, pale, grizzled, hoary, leaden, old, overcast; (n) grizzle. ANTONYMS: (adj) sunny, cheerful, clear, youthful graybeard: (n) greybeard, old man, bellarmine, jug, gaffer, seer, artemisia absinthium, antique, boss, cardinal bellarmine, codger great: (adj) eminent, gigantic, big, distinguished, large, extensive, extreme, grand, chief, ample, massive. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, insignificant, tiny, mild, poor, minor, useless, ordinary, slight, weak, unknown greatest: (adj) top, superlative, biggest, utmost, largest, extreme, first; (adj, n) maximum, most; (adj, v) paramount, supreme. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, secondary greet: (n, v) receive; (v) address, acknowledge, hail, welcome, cry, salute, bid, weep, meet, recognize grew: (v) become, develop; (adj) grown grief: (adj, n, v) affliction; (n) dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, wound, chagrin, concern; (n, v) regret; (adj) sore. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, happiness, comfort, content, peace grieve: (n, v) distress, aggrieve, afflict, sorrow, annoy; (v) trouble, lament, deplore, bemoan, fret, bewail. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, encourage grievous: (adj) bitter, dolorous, dreadful, deplorable, sad, tough, pitiful, atrocious, regrettable, sorrowful, sorry. ANTONYM: (adj) successful grim: (adj) austere, glum, cheerless, dour, ghastly, dreary, forbidding, dark, dire, hard, dismal. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, bright, funny, kindly, hospitable, pleasant, promising, simple, wonderful grisly: (adj) grim, gruesome, forbidding, frightful, macabre, fearful, formidable, eerie, terrific, redoubtable, horrendous. ANTONYM: (adj) pleasant

ground: (n, v) base, land, floor; (v) found, establish; (adj, n, v) bottom; (n) earth, reason, field, soil, dirt. ANTONYMS: (n) sea, figure; (v) launch, top growing: (n) development, growth; (adj, adv) increasing; (adj) flourishing, thriving, blossoming, expanding, swelling, progressive; (adj, n) developing; (v) grow. ANTONYMS: (adj) dwindling, decreasing, downward; (n) nondevelopment grown: (adj) mature, big, growed, grown-up, developed, ripe, grownup, fully grown, full-grown, growth, become. ANTONYM: (adj) unripe grudge: (v) begrudge, covet; (n, v) spite; (n) malice, anger, umbrage, resentment, rancor, gall, pique, feud grudging: (adj) envious, niggardly, unwilling, begrudging, sparing, cheap, scanty, parsimonious, tightfisted, miserly, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, expansive, willing guard: (n) defense, protection, escort, bulwark, watchman, custody, fender; (n, v) care, shield, cover; (adj, n, v) ward. ANTONYMS: (v) endanger, expose, neglect, reveal; (n) attacker guarded: (adj) wary, careful, chary, circumspect, cagey, vigilant, watchful, conditional, discreet, gingerly, conservative. ANTONYMS: (adj) frank, careless, trusting, reckless, open, unwary, natural guess: (n, v) surmise, estimate, forecast; (v) suppose, deem, reckon, divine, believe, foretell; (n) assumption, supposition guided: (adj) conducted, directed, led guile: (n) fraud, cunning, craft, duplicity, deception, trickery, deceitfulness, wiliness, craftiness, artifice, slyness. ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, straightforwardness, candor, frankness guileful: (adj) cunning, artful, foxy, deceitful, wily, sly, dodgy, tricky, insidious, fraudulent, tricksy. ANTONYM: (adj) open guiltless: (adj) innocent, clean, irreproachable, clear, faultless, unsullied, stainless, pure, inculpable, immaculate, spotless guilty: (adj) culpable, faulty, wicked, hangdog, criminal, chargeable, sinful, blameworthy; (n) guilt,

159 culprit; (adj, v) condemned. ANTONYMS: (adj) blameless, aggressive, proud gunner: (n) bombardier, cannoneer, artillerist, man, matross, serviceman, marksman, machine gunner, soldier habit: (n) clothing, practice, dress, garb, attire, convention, character, ritual, addiction, clothes; (n, v) use. ANTONYM: (n) innovation hack: (v) chop, cut down, rip, gash, mutilate, fell; (adj, v) chop up; (n) hacker, drudge, nag, incision hail: (v) address, cry, acclaim, applaud, summon, accost, fall, cheer, salute; (n, v) call; (n) greeting. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, criticize halcyon: (adj) calm, peaceful, untroubled, tranquil, happy, quiet, auspicious, prosperous, golden; (v) pacific; (n) alcyon hale: (adj) healthy, whole, sturdy, strong, sane, rugged, robust; (v) drag; (adj, n) well, hearty, sound. ANTONYM: (adj) unwell half: (adj) moiety, part, short, defective; (n) semi, mediety, halve, division, piece, first half; (adv) partly. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) all; (adj) fully, complete hall: (n) mansion, vestibule, lobby, foyer, auditorium, court, entrance hall, anteroom, concourse; (n, v) corridor, passage hand: (v) give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, consign; (n) deal, worker, aid, applause. ANTONYMS: (n) boss, foot; (v) take handle: (n, v) conduct, administer; (v) feel, wield, deal, treat, touch, control, manipulate, direct; (n) clutch. ANTONYMS: (n) blade, head; (v) mishandle, bungle, conceal, crumble, avoid handmaid: (n) handmaiden, servant, subordinateness, subsidiarity, maidservant, maid, housemaid, ancille, minister, biddy hands: (n) custody, keeping, personnel, safekeeping, hold, shift, workforce, men, manpower, guardianship, full complement hang: (adj, n, v) suspend; (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, fall, hover, append, string up; (n, v) delay; (adj) hung hanging: (n) execution, curtain, arras, wall hanging; (adj) suspended, pendent, pendant, pendulous, hung, pending; (n, v) suspension hapless: (adj) unlucky, poor, wretched, luckless, miserable, sad,

160 unhappy, ill-fated, inauspicious, jinxed, untoward. ANTONYM: (adj) fortunate happiness: (n) delight, merriment, ecstasy, welfare, gladness, luck, cheerfulness, blessedness, bliss, felicity, contentment. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, despair, grief, misery, dissatisfaction, seriousness, dullness, discontent, dejection, gloominess, displeasure happy: (adj) felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, pleasant, glad, carefree; (adj, n) auspicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sad, depressed, dejected, sorrowful, miserable, unlucky, sorry, reluctant, irritable, unfortunately, gloomy hard: (adj, n) austere, rough; (adj, v) grave, severe, acute; (adj) bad, difficult, strong, callous, cruel, tough. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, kind, soggy, tender, merciful, yielding, simple; (adv) lightly, gently, lackadaisically; (adj, adv) flexible hardly: (adj, adv) barely, scarcely; (adv) severely, harshly, roughly, badly, toughly, laboriously, arduously, cruelly, heavily. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, fully, well, easily hark: (v) harken, hear, hearken, heed, listen in; (n) look here, look you, look harm: (adj, n, v) damage, hurt; (adj, n) evil, detriment, injury; (n, v) abuse, wound, blemish, disadvantage; (n) bruise; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) benefit, respect, help; (n) reparation, service; (v) enable, spoil, protect, defend, repair harms: (n) ills harry: (v) plague, badger, disturb, afflict, bother, hassle, maraud, pester, devastate; (adj, v) molest, worry harvest: (n, v) fruit; (v) gain, glean, gather, amass, get, reap, pick; (n) ingathering, profit, produce haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, patience, forethought, caution haughty: (adj) supercilious, arrogant, assuming, contemptuous, proud, lordly, cavalier, vain, contumelious, grand; (n) boastful. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, meek, subservient,

King Henry VI, Part I unassuming, considerate, deferential having: (n) estate, possession, acceptance, enjoyment hawks: (n) Falconiformes, caracaras, order Falconiformes, harriers hazard: (n, v) chance, venture, endanger, peril, adventure, bet, wager; (n) danger, fortune, jeopardy, accident. ANTONYMS: (n) safety, security; (v) protect head: (n) captain, boss, froth, foam, crown, chieftain; (n, v) point, lead; (adj, n, v) front; (v) capital, direct. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) subordinate; (n) end, beginning, foot, mouth, rear, tail, body, underling, base; (adj) minor headlong: (adj, adv) headfirst; (adv) directly, hastily, precipitately; (adj) rash, hurried, desperate, precipitous, impetuous, sudden, precipitate. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautiously, considered; (adv) carefully heads: (n) conspectus, contents, prospectus, syllabus, synopsis, public, textbook, people, outlines, head stick health: (n) condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form, hygiene, sanitation, salubrity, shape; (adj) sanitary hear: (int, v) attend; (v) find out, discover, understand, apprehend, hark, learn, try, examine, listen; (adj) heard heard: (n) hearing hearing: (n) audition, ear, auditory sense, trial, consultation, reach, auscultation, inquiry; (n, v) earshot, sound; (adj, n) audience heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n) spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel, crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n) body, surface hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades hearty: (adj) heartfelt, healthy, genial, sturdy, cheering, fervent, wholehearted, lusty, enthusiastic, convivial; (adj, n) well. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhealthy, frail, old, weak, sluggish, unwholesome, meager heat: (adj, n) fever, excitement, passion; (v) bake, burn; (n) warmth, fervor, summer, estrus; (n, v) fire; (adj) flush. ANTONYMS: (n) cold, chill, coldness, anestrus, apathy, coolness, dryness, indifference heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian

Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial sphere, space, skies, area, vault of heaven heavy: (adj, n) dull; (adj) deep, fat, dense, grave, dark, full, gross, thick, bulky; (adj, adv) hard. ANTONYMS: (adj) slim, easy, thin, slight, skinny, puny, gentle, insubstantial, animated, nimble, entertaining hector: (adj, v) domineer; (v) browbeat, bluster, bullyrag, tyrannize, swagger, ballyrag; (adj) hectic, Amazon, dictate; (n) Captain Bobadil. ANTONYM: (v) encourage heed: (n, v) consideration, concern, regard, mind, attention, notice; (n) caution, advertence, advertency; (v) attend, hear. ANTONYMS: (n, v) disregard; (n) inattentiveness heedless: (adj) careless, reckless, inattentive, neglectful, negligent, thoughtless, rash, regardless, unwary, indifferent; (adj, v) wanton. ANTONYMS: (adj) heedful, attentive, mindful, conscientious, prudent, careful, cautious height: (n) apex, crest, altitude, pinnacle, peak, top, culmination, level, zenith, summit, climax. ANTONYMS: (n) shortness, nadir, depth, trough, deepness, base, dip heir: (n) beneficiary, successor, offspring, inheritor, heiress, receiver, progeny, heritor, descendant, scion, issue. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, donor held: (adj) absorbed, confined, kept, apprehended, seized, supposed, reputed, tenable, thought, trapped; (v) detain hell: (n) blaze, Hades, underworld, perdition, inferno, pandemonium, netherworld, Abaddon, Gehenna, purgatory, trial. ANTONYM: (n) paradise hellish: (adj, v) diabolic, satanic; (adj) infernal, diabolical, fiendish, demonic, beastly, wicked, unholy, detestable; (v) mephistophelian help: (n, v) assist, assistance, support, benefit, favor, avail, cure, assistant; (v) facilitate, ease, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (n) hindrance, detriment, interference, damage, disadvantage, disservice, manager; (v) worsen, aggravate, halt, hurt hence: (adv) consequently, for that reason, therefore, thereby, away,

William Shakespeare thus, for, then, because, henceforth, as a result henceforward: (adv) in future, from now on, from this time on, from this moment on, after this henry: (n) physicist, scag, smack, William Henry, horse, diacetylmorphine, Patrick Henry, Joseph Henry herald: (n) forerunner, courier, messenger; (v) declare, foretell, announce, bode, proclaim, introduce, foreshadow; (n, v) augur. ANTONYMS: (v) follow; (n) successor herd: (n, v) crowd; (adj) bevy, many; (adj, n, v) swarm; (n) drove, gang, crew, collection, covey, multitude, mob hereafter: (adv) thereafter, from now on, hence, henceforth, hereinafter, afterwards; (n) afterlife, futurity, time to come, great beyond, future life hermit: (n) anchorite, ascetic, solitary, anchoret, eremite, monk, troglodyte, solitaire, loner, caveman, cave man heroic: (adj) courageous, brave, fearless, chivalrous, dauntless, valiant, grand, intrepid, gallant, impressive, heroical. ANTONYMS: (adj) fearful, normal, despicable, lowly hide: (n, v) cover, disguise, shelter, veil; (adj, v) obscure; (n) fur, fell, coat; (v) bury, mask; (adj, n, v) darken. ANTONYMS: (v) show, expose, express, divulge, unearth, amplify, advertise, clarify high: (adj, v) elevated; (adj) great, expensive, distinguished, lofty, tall, exalted, heavy, dear; (n) chief; (v) bad. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) low; (adj) deep, short, sober, reasonable, sad, resonant, lowly, husky, unimportant; (n) depression higher: (adj) greater, upper, major, senior, over, more, better, advanced, bigger; (prep) above, upon. ANTONYMS: (adj) basic, junior, lower high-minded: (adj) great, noble, generous, lofty, magnanimous, elevated, exalted, upright, chivalrous, magnificent, honest highness: (n) excellency, altitude, loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur himself: (pron) herself, themselves, yourself, itself; (adj) myself; (n) yourselves

hither: (adv) here, whither, hitherward, thither hives: (n) urticaria, rash, efflorescence, eruption, urtication, skin complaint hold: (n, v) keep, grip, grasp, entertain; (v) endure, detain, adhere, bear, have, contain, comprise. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, disagree, lose, free, deny, remove, lack; (n) separation, repulsion hollow: (adj, n) blank; (n) cavity, depression, cave, dell; (adj) empty, false; (adj, n, v) concave; (n, v) excavate, dent, scoop. ANTONYMS: (adj) convex, sincere, true, full, meaningful, cramped, valid; (n) hump, bump, hill, lump holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, unholy homage: (n) allegiance, obeisance, fealty, accolade, honor, loyalty, worship, veneration, deference, devotion, compliment honor: (n, v) respect, reputation, glory, fame, reward; (n) award, accolade, reverence; (v) celebrate; (adj, n, v) worship, grace. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor, disgrace; (n) shame, humiliation, wickedness, contempt, insult; (v) break, ignore, disrespect, discredit honorable: (adj) good, estimable, exalted, respectable, fair, decent, reputable, ethical, honor; (adj, v) great, noble. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, disgraceful, corrupt, degenerate, immoral, humiliating, dishonest, unethical, decadent, bad, deceitful honors: (n) formality honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, venerable, glorious, honorable, distinguished, aboveboard, good, worthy, right, noble honours: (n) first, honors, degree, academic degree hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence

161 horn: (n) car horn, antler, klaxon, cornet, French horn, ivory, foghorn, cornu, alarm, trumpet, arm horse: (n, v) mount; (n) buck, heroin, junk, charger, knight, pony, rider, trestle, eohippus, dog horses: (n) stock, equidae, domestic animals, cattle, extinct animals, asses, pigs, sheep, family equidae, farm animals, force hosts: (n) armies, Sabaoth hour: (n) clock, o'clock, hours, time, hr, term, nonce, moment, occasion, dawn, dusk hours: (n) period, duty period; (adv) o'clock house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n) home; (v) accommodate; (n) dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v) lodge. ANTONYM: (adj) public household: (adj, n) house, home; (adj) domestic; (adj, v) ordinary, common; (n) folk, stock, clan, menage; (v) everyday, usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfamiliar, public hulk: (n) giant, colossus, wreck, carcass, heavyweight, monster; (adj) hull, bole, skeleton greater part, principal part, main part human: (n) person, man, human being, homo, gay, party; (adj, adv) fleshly; (adj) humane, earthly, corporeal, worldly. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonhuman, otherworldly, heavenly, immortal humble: (v) demean, humiliate, mortify; (n, v) disgrace, debase; (adj, n, v) abase; (adj) base, lowly, unassuming, docile, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) impressive, arrogant, haughty, imposing, conceited, pompous, snooty, overbearing, presumptuous, proud, exalted humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly, modestly, submissively, low, shyly, lowlily, naturally, regretfully, remorsefully, repentantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly, haughtily, pompously, ostentatiously, unrepentantly, affluently, brashly, pretentiously hundred: (adj) a hundred, one hundred, many; (adj, n) c; (n) cent, centred, riding, lathe, soke, tithing, carbon hunger: (n, v) thirst, want, wish, itch; (n) craving, appetite, eagerness, famine; (v) crave, ache; (adj) hungry. ANTONYMS: (n) moderation,

162 aversion, dislike, apathy hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, desirous, meager, starveling; (v) starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, moderate, healthy, disinterested hurl: (v) chuck, dash, pitch, throw, dart, pelt, toss, heave, send; (n, v) fling; (n) casting. ANTONYM: (v) hold hurly-burly: (n) hubbub, tumult, uproar, to-do, commotion, haste, bustle, clamor, hassle, storm hurry: (n) haste; (n, v) bustle, hasten, dispatch, flurry, rush; (v) scurry, dash, accelerate, expedite, run. ANTONYMS: (n) slowness, calmness, patience, unimportance; (v) dawdle, delay, linger, crawl, amble; (intj) wait hurt: (adj, n, v) damage, detriment; (adj, n) evil; (n, v) wound, pain, ache, distress; (n) disadvantage, lesion; (v) afflict; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhurt, unaffected, healed; (v) encourage, please, protect, repair, defend; (n, v) help; (n) reparation, pleasure hypocrite: (n) impostor, pretender, trickster, fraud, deceiver, fake, cheat, charmer, bigot, whited sepulcher, smoothie icarus: (n) balloonist, aeronaut, aerial navigator; (adj) Don Quixote idly: (adj, adv) foolishly; (adv) vainly, vaguely, listlessly, forgetfully, distractedly; (adj) thoughtlessly. ANTONYM: (adv) energetically ignoble: (adj) contemptible, abject, base, dishonorable, disgraceful, beggarly, mean, humble, degraded, despicable, caddish. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, glorious ignobly: (adv) currishly, scurrilously, meanly, unnobly ignominious: (adj) dishonorable, shameful, disreputable, infamous, base, discreditable, dishonourable, inglorious, black, despicable, degrading. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, glorious ignorant: (adj) unconscious, unwitting, rude, illiterate, uneducated, blind, dull, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, innocent. ANTONYMS: (adj) conscious, versed, cultured, educated, informed, wary, literate, aware, polite ill-boding: (adj) ominous, inauspicious, direful, threatening

King Henry VI, Part I imagine: (v) believe, conjecture, fancy, conceive, daydream, assume, guess, consider, fantasize; (conj, v) suppose; (n, v) dream imagined: (adj) fanciful, notional, unreal, fancied, fictitious, nonexistent, unseen, hypothetical, feigned, dubious, doubtful immaculate: (adj) clear, clean, flawless, faultless, pure, spotless, perfect, blameless, neat, guiltless, impeccable. ANTONYMS: (adj) blameworthy, blemished, damaged, flawed, grubby, soiled, tainted, untidy, messy, imperfect immanity: (adj) truculence, ruffianism, inhumanity immodest: (adj) shameless, bold, barefaced, impudent, indecent, presumptuous, coarse, impure, unabashed, lewd, indelicate. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, restrained, ashamed impatient: (adj) eager, anxious, petulant, fidgety, vexed, keen, edgy, quick, avid, irritable, fretful. ANTONYMS: (adj) patient, enduring, unenthusiastic, calm, happy, relaxed, slow imperious: (adj) haughty, domineering, authoritative, arbitrary, imperative, masterful, dictatorial, commanding, lordly, magisterial, despotic. ANTONYM: (adj) subservient imperiously: (adv) overbearingly, arrogantly, commandingly, magisterially, dictatorially, masterfully, haughtily, imperatively, authoritatively, domineeringly, insolently. ANTONYMS: (adv) meekly, feebly impious: (adj) godless, ungodly, disrespectful, profane, unholy, sinful, unhallowed, wicked, iniquitous, irreligious, irreverent. ANTONYMS: (adj) reverent, devout, restrained, good importing: (n) importation, mercantilism, commercialism, commerce incensed: (adj) angry, exasperated, enraged, indignant, irate, infuriated, irritated, mad, livid, angered, aggravated. ANTONYM: (adj) pleased incessant: (adj) endless, continual, everlasting, eternal, constant, continuous, perpetual, unremitting, interminable, persistent; (adj, v) frequent. ANTONYMS: (adj) intermittent, occasional, sporadic,

broken, finite incline: (v) cant, dispose, bend; (n, v) slope, bias, dip, tilt; (n) ascent, gradient, grade, inclination. ANTONYMS: (v) indispose, level; (n) hollow, descent indeed: (adv) certainly, exactly, in reality, surely, of course, assuredly, as a matter of fact, admittedly; (adj, adv) really, much; (n) yes. ANTONYMS: (adv) possibly, doubtfully infamy: (n) dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, notoriety, shame, opprobrium, reproach, stain, discredit, baseness; (adj, n) pollution. ANTONYMS: (n) fame, virtue, honor, obscurity, pride infants: (n) brood inferior: (adj) secondary, bad, humble, poor, junior, petty, lesser, cheap, base, feeble, vulgar. ANTONYMS: (adj) better, choice, excellent, premium, adscript, perfect, higher, quality, senior; (adj, n) superscript; (n) boss inflaming: (adj) burning, consuming, inflammatory, excessively hot, exciting, fiery; (n) arousal inform: (v) acquaint, impart, advise, enlighten, announce, tell, familiarize, explain, advertise, apprise, warn informed: (adj) cognizant, educated, conscious, knowledgeable, familiar, apprised, wise, conversant, experienced, sensible; (adv) abreast. ANTONYMS: (adj) uninformed, unconcerned infused: (adj) mixed inheritance: (adj, n) heritage; (n) heredity, heirloom, birthright, bequest, legacy, dowry, estate, appanage, heirship; (v) descent insinuating: (adj) crafty, insinuative, oily, ingratiating, having serpents, insinuant, sly, snaky, giving hints, snide, subtle insolence: (n) impertinence, arrogance, audacity, impudence, effrontery, cheek, assumption, gall, disrespect, haughtiness, crust. ANTONYMS: (n) respect, politeness, meekness, shyness inspiration: (n) afflatus, encouragement, idea, incentive, revelation, breath, inhalation, notion; (n, v) illumination, infusion; (adj, n) genius inspired: (adj) ingenious, adopted, elysian, creative, imaginative, elected, inventive, unearthly,

William Shakespeare brilliant, stimulated, enthusiastic. ANTONYMS: (adj) bland, unimaginative, abysmal, mediocre instead: (adv) instead of, alternatively, as an alternative, in place of, more willingly, to compensate for, sooner, preferably, otherwise, on the other hand; (n) lieu institute: (adj, v) establish, found, enact; (v) build, constitute, form, appoint, fix, initiate, begin, create instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, inform, command, indoctrinate, tutor instrument: (n) channel, deed, tool, pawn, apparatus, agency, document, expedient, appliance, gear; (n, v) implement insulting: (adj) contemptuous, insolent, injurious, offensive, scurrilous, defamatory, opprobrious, rude, disgraceful, disdainful, impolite. ANTONYMS: (adj) courteous, conciliatory, polite, generous, cordial intend: (v) destine, design, mean, aim, determine, denote, contemplate, plan, purpose, consider, believe. ANTONYM: (v) improvise intent: (n) idea, intention, design, spirit, meaning, import, goal, purpose; (adj, n) attentive; (adj) absorbed, engrossed intercept: (v) block, break, check, waylay, cease, grab, cut off, stop, prevent, anticipate; (n) interception intercession: (n) intervention, interference, arbitration, interposition, invocation, prayer, supplication, intermediation, atonement, agency, protest intolerable: (adj) unbearable, insupportable, painful, obnoxious, detestable, inexcusable, deplorable, undesirable, hard, excruciating, difficult. ANTONYMS: (adj) bearable, tolerable, acceptable, reasonable, nice, understandable, lovable, excusable, inoffensive, manageable invention: (n) fabrication, conception, fiction, imagination, creation, discovery, device, innovation, excogitation, artifice; (n, v) forgery. ANTONYM: (n) truth invincible: (adj) insurmountable, unbeatable, insuperable, impregnable, irresistible, unconquerable, unyielding,

unquenchable, proof against, impassable, invulnerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) defenseless, powerless, weak, feeble ireful: (adj) irate, angry, heated, acrimonious, greatly incensed, incensed, irascible iron: (v) firm, flatten; (n) Fe, chain, cast iron, irons; (adj) hard, adamant, steel, harsh, tenacious isle: (n) islet, ait, reef, eyot, wight, aisle, ile, coral reef, coral Island, breaker, atoll issue: (v) emanate, arise, emerge; (n) aftermath, progeny, consequence, effect; (n, v) egress, release, exit, result. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, trickle, withhold; (n) resolution issued: (adj) executed, done jack: (n) flag, jackass, mariner, fellow, jackfruit, sailor, jackscrew, socket, blue Peter, amberfish, crevalle jack jarring: (adj, n) harsh, dissonant, inconsistent; (adj) rough, inharmonious, strident, grating, jolting, raucous, cacophonous, bumpy. ANTONYMS: (adj) soft, usual jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant john: (n) can, bathroom, convenience, customer, privy, loo, lav, lavatory, Saint John the Apostle, Saint John; (adj, n) toilet join: (v) unite, connect, associate, combine, graft, assemble, attach, affiliate, meet, get together; (n, v) link. ANTONYMS: (v) separate, secede, detach, undo, disjoin, exclude, leave, disconnect, diverge, refrain, untie joined: (adj) coupled, united, allied, connected, joint, associated, linked, amalgamated, concerted, incorporated; (n) joining. ANTONYMS: (adj) disjointed, rival joyful: (adj) gay, glad, elated, cheerful, gleeful, cheery, delighted, joyous, jolly, blissful, blithe. ANTONYMS: (adj) miserable, sorrowful, unhappy, despairing, unpleasant, staid, sorry, disappointed, depressed, heavy judge: (v) consider, think, evaluate, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, guess; (n) arbitrator, arbiter; (n, v) umpire. ANTONYM: (v) doubt keep: (n, v) hold; (v) preserve, retain, defend, guard, maintain, continue, have, save, confine, observe.

163 ANTONYMS: (v) lose, neglect, entrust, return, let, discontinue, reimburse, allow, stop, destroy, break keeper: (n) curator, guardian, guard, warden, janitor, jailer, gaoler, warder, caretaker, sentry, conservator kennel: (n) doghouse, ditch, gully, fosse, dike, drain, culvert, sewer, gutter, hutch, trough kind: (n) sort, form, class, variety, breed; (adj, n) helpful, good, humane, friendly, gentle; (adj) generous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unkind, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, callous, disagreeable kindly: (adj) kind, amiable, genial, charitable; (adv) sympathetically, benevolently, tenderly; (adj, n) benign, gentle, sympathetic, benevolent. ANTONYMS: (adv) harshly, nastily, callously, cruelly, sharply, disagreeably, grumpily, malevolently; (adj) upsetting, unfeeling, sour kindness: (n) generosity, clemency, compassion, grace, good will, graciousness, humanity, goodness, affection; (adj, n) courtesy, gentleness. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, spite, nastiness, callousness, cruelty, unfriendliness, maliciousness, thoughtlessness, sourness, severity, disservice king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) queen kingly: (adj, adv) stately; (adj) August, noble, regal, imperial, sovereign, majestic, royal; (adv) royally, majestically, regally kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, consanguinity; (v) confederate kinsmen: (n) kin, kindred, family, kinsfolk, people, affinity kiss: (n, v) caress, brush, embrace, touch; (n) osculation, salute, lip, Kiss of peace, kiss hands; (v) osculate, love knee: (n) bracket, articulation, joint, kneel, knee joint, genu, articulatio genus, scythe, zigzag, sickle, bend kneel: (v) genuflect, cringe, stoop, bob, cry for quarter, dip, duck, humble oneself; (n) kneeling, knee, movement knight: (n) horseman, horse,

164 chevalier, banneret, warrior, steed, knighthood, rider, heroin, h; (v) dub knighthood: (n) chivalry, knight, nobility, aristocracy knit: (adj, v) tie, lace; (v) plait, intertwine, bind, join, pucker, fasten, interlace; (adj) stitch, knitted knock: (n, v) hit, blow, bang, bump, tap, strike, whack, bash, punch, cuff; (n) crash. ANTONYMS: (n) improvement, boost; (v) encourage, bolster, approve knot: (n) bow, cluster, lump, gang, joint; (v) entangle, knit, bind; (n, v) tie, loop, tangle. ANTONYMS: (v) unravel, undo, unknot, disentangle knowledge: (n) information, comprehension, science, lore, understanding, intelligence, grasp, erudition, acquaintance; (n, v) cognition; (adj, n) art. ANTONYMS: (n) foolishness, inexperience known: (adj) familiar, knew, conscious, certain, famous, know, eminent, plain, accepted, published, acknowledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) unknown, secret, unidentified, unfamiliar labored: (adj) elaborate, strained, laborious, heavy, arduous, hard, artificial, laboured, awkward, unnatural, studied. ANTONYM: (adj) easy lady: (n) gentlewoman, Mrs, duchess, countess, spouse, madam, ma'am, milady, matron, woman; (v) squaw. ANTONYM: (n) Lord ladyship: (n) madam laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, situated, arranged, determined, dictated, hardened, ordered lancaster: (n) house of Lancaster, Lancastrian line lands: (n) park, estate, kingdom large: (adj) ample, generous, considerable, broad, handsome, high, bulky, heavy, capacious, roomy; (adj, n) extensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, narrow, microscopic, compact, tiny, thin, short, slim, paltry late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh, behindhand, backward; (adj) former, deceased, dead, slow, delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early, punctual; (adv) punctually, promptly; (adj) ahead, existing, alive, initial, middle, old, premature latest: (adj) last, fresh, modern, new, current, hot, ultimate,

King Henry VI, Part I contemporary, newest, stylish; (adj, n) vogue. ANTONYM: (adj) first latter: (adj) later, last, terminal, recent, posterior, final, following, the latter, past, other, eventual. ANTONYMS: (adj) prior, earlier laugh: (n, v) joke, giggle, chortle, titter, snicker; (v) smile; (n) jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle. ANTONYM: (v) weep lavish: (v) dissipate; (adj) exuberant, generous, copious, prodigal, ample, abundant, bountiful, excessive, improvident; (adj, v) profuse. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, scant, economical, impoverished, frugal, unadorned, plain; (v) stint, skimp, begrudge, economize lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, constitutional, true, right, justifiable, licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlawful, prohibited, unconstitutional lawyer: (n) counsel, barrister, attorney, jurist, counsellor, counselor, conveyancer, ambulance chaser, adviser, trial lawyer, pleader lead: (n, v) guide; (v) conduct, direct, contribute, go, control, conduce, govern, chair, bring; (n) clue. ANTONYMS: (v) follow, trail, descend; (n) disadvantage, inferiority leaden: (adj) heavy, gray, sluggish, grey, inert, torpid, grave, languid, drab, burdensome, livid. ANTONYM: (adj) bright leader: (n) chief, guide, head, captain, boss, director, commander, chieftain, conductor, administrator, lead. ANTONYMS: (n) straggler, laggard, supporter, underdog, inferior league: (n) alliance, federation, coalition, association, class, confederation, combination, union, connection, society; (v) combine lean: (adj, v) gaunt; (adj) emaciated, thin, bony, lank; (n, v) bend, tilt, slant, list, careen; (n) inclination. ANTONYMS: (adj) plump, rich, chubby, greasy, stout; (v) straighten, repel leap: (n, v) bound, spring, bounce, caper, dive, vault, lunge; (v) dance, hop, start; (n) curvet. ANTONYMS: (n, v) plummet; (v) surface, drop, hesitate; (n) slump least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest, minimal, littlest, lowest, insignificant, minutest, negligible;

(adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj) maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most leave: (v) depart, go, abandon, desert, lead; (adj, v) forsake, quit; (n) furlough, permission, holiday; (n, v) escape. ANTONYMS: (v) enter, arrive, stay, remain, come, approach, change, reposition, disinherit, occupy, participate leaving: (n) leave, exit, desertion, going, going away, farewell, departing, abandonment, withdrawal, boarding; (v) depart. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, greeting, Reunion; (adj) incoming left: (adj) gone, absent, port, odd, remaining, larboard, gauche, sinister; (n) left hand, left wing, mitt. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n) right; (adj) remaining, center, starboard, present legate: (n) envoy, delegate, emissary, deputy, minister, representative, messenger, internuncio, consul, nuncio, ambassador legs: (v) pegs, trotters, pins; (n) patience, pedestal, stamina leisure: (n) idleness, convenience, vacation, inactivity, rest, repose, relaxation, recreation, pastime, opportunity; (adj) idle. ANTONYM: (n) work lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart, bestow, contribute, borrow, bring, add, confer; (n) lending less: (adj) inferior, wanting, minor, secondary, subordinate, deficient, minus, few; (adj, adv) lesser, lower; (adv) below. ANTONYMS: (adj) additional; (prep) plus letter: (n) epistle, mail, character, communication, alphabetic character, dispatch, note, message, memorandum, type, memo letters: (n) erudition, literature, correspondence, lore, script, scholarship, post, print, mail, letter, polite literature lewd: (adj) indecent, dirty, bawdy, filthy, abandoned, carnal, lustful, impure, debauched; (adj, v) lecherous, dissolute. ANTONYMS: (adj) decent, refined, chaste, clean liberal: (adj) bountiful, handsome, benevolent, large, abundant, big, kind, broad, charitable, tolerant; (adj, n) free. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) conservative; (adj) totalitarian, oppressive, intolerant, reactionary, proactive, miserly, rigid, insufficient, stingy, tightfisted

William Shakespeare liberty: (adj, n) freedom, franchise; (n) license, leave, independence, autonomy, emancipation, latitude, permission, scope, release. ANTONYMS: (n) slavery, domination, constraint, suppression, dependence liege: (n) feudatory, liegeman, vassal, lord, liege Lord, subject, Luik; (adj) loyal, staunch, true, steady lies: (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, lying, deceit, defamation, denigration, dishonesty, slander, libel, treachery. ANTONYM: (n) truth lieutenant: (n) captain, assistant, vicegerent, help, helper, first lieutenant, commodore, chancellor, commander, levetenant, delegate life: (adj, n) animation; (n) energy, spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm, being, biography, existence, exuberance, live. ANTONYMS: (n) death, apathy, extinction, nonexistence, lifelessness lift: (n, v) raise, rise, elevator, boost, heave, hike, airlift, advance; (v) elevate, erect, filch. ANTONYMS: (v) lower, descend, drop, hinder, put, return, impose; (n, v) knock light: (adj) fair, facile, faint; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) fire, glow, flame; (v) kindle, inflame, ignite; (n) illumination. ANTONYMS: (adj) heavy, fattening, nauseating, testing, stale; (n) darkness, shade, gloom, night; (v) extinguish, darken likely: (adj) believable, probable, plausible, expected, potential, conceivable, apt, prospective, verisimilar; (adv) possibly, maybe. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) unlikely; (adj) improbable, implausible, slight, unwilling, unusual, unbelievable likewise: (adv) besides, in addition, furthermore, alike, moreover, further, too, similarly; (adj, adv) as well, equally; (adj) even liking: (n, v) inclination; (n) fancy, appetite, taste, fondness, predilection, affection, partiality, admiration, approval, appreciation. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, aversion, hatred, indifference, detachment, dissatisfaction, antipathy lineal: (adj, v) linear; (adj) ancestral, hereditary, straight, directly, racial, extended senses, exact lingering: (adj) long, chronic, extended, dilatory, protracted, prolonged, residual, lengthy, inactive, dull; (n) delay.

ANTONYM: (adj) quick lion: (adj, n) celebrity, hero; (adj) worthy, great card, tiger; (n) Leo, cat, king of beasts, curiosity, luminary, spectacle lions: (n) dogs, order Carnivora, leopards, jackals, bears, Felidae, family Felidae, cheetahs, cats, Carnivora lips: (n) lip, inlet, logical inference per second, chops, porch, portal, portico, propylon, snout, door, orifice listen: (v) hear, heed, hearken, attend, harken, list, listening, eavesdrop, mind, concentrate, pay attention litter: (adj, n) brood, jumble; (n) bedding, stretcher, waste, refuse, junk, trash, mess; (n, v) clutter; (adj) disarray. ANTONYMS: (v) clean; (n) space little: (adj, adv) small; (adj) diminutive, insignificant, short, tiny, some, brief, petty, minute, exiguous; (adv) rather. ANTONYMS: (adj) enormous, large, important, huge, high, giant, older, old, tall; (adv) frequently, well live: (adj) alive, living; (adj, v) reside, active, dwell, stay; (n, v) subsist; (v) exist, be, abide, endure. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, inactive, silent, dummy, blank, recorded; (v) die, perish, expire lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence, earnest living living: (adj) alive, live, extant, animated, active, fresh, animate, quick; (n) livelihood, life, being. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate; (n) death, leisure loath: (adj) unwilling, disinclined, reluctant, loth, indisposed, backward, hesitant, antipathetic, antipathetical, loathe, shy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) eager, willing, disposed, keen loathsome: (adj) foul, hideous, distasteful, disgusting, hateful, abominable, revolting, execrable, loathly, nauseous, horrible. ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, nice, noble, inoffensive, pleasant, admirable, good, attractive lock: (n, v) bar, hug; (v) close, latch, fasten, engage, hold; (adj, n) hair; (n) curl, padlock, hook. ANTONYMS: (v) open, undo, disengage, flex; (n) key; (adv) partially, partly locks: (n) hair, tresses, head of hair lofty: (adj, v) high, elevated; (adj) exalted, eminent, arrogant, grand,

165 tall, haughty, great, distinguished, majestic. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, lowly, base, modest, deferential, humble london: (n) British capital, jack London, John Griffith Chaney, Greater London, capital of the united kingdom long: (v) yearn, desire, hanker, languish, ache, wish; (adj, n) extensive; (n, v) hunger; (adj) extended, lengthy; (n) length. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, brief, concise longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster look: (n, v) gaze, aspect, figure; (adj, v) seem; (v) appear, expect; (n) appearance, expression, view, glance, guise. ANTONYMS: (v) back, study; (n) perusal looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion, fashion, costume, garb lord: (n) chief, king, noble, sir, duke, master, God, seignior, nobility, Mister, potentate. ANTONYM: (n) lady lordly: (adj, v) dignified, proud, noble; (adj) haughty, grand, August, domineering, disdainful, arrogant, imperious, lofty. ANTONYM: (adj) humble lordship: (n) ownership, supremacy, domain, dominance, manor, worship, authority, power, dynasty, grandeeship, headship lose: (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, miss, sacrifice, fall behind, fail, to lose, forget, clear, hurt. ANTONYMS: (v) find, secure, recover, earn, obtain, acquire, get, win, beat, keep, succeed loss: (adj, n) detriment, damage, injury, harm; (n) defeat, deprivation, deficit, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement. ANTONYMS: (n) retrieval, appearance, victory, recovery, gaining, income, gain, accumulation, win, benefit, fortune lost: (adj, v) forlorn, extinct, gone, missing, helpless; (adj) hopeless, bewildered, forgotten, disoriented, broken; (n) loss. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, found, existing, won, saved, aware loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful, gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low,

166 muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) softly love: (n) desire, fondness, affection, dear, liking, benevolence, charity, honey, devotion; (v) enjoy; (n, v) worship. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike; (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, detestation, detachment, indifference; (v) abhor; (adv) roughly lovely: (adj) beautiful, charming, lovable, enchanting, delightful, handsome, alluring, elegant, endearing, gorgeous; (adv) comely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant, hideous, ugly, unattractive, horrifying, horrid, unappealing, repellent, detestable, dreadful, awkward loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, kind, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, disapproving, callous lowliness: (n) humility, humbleness, meekness, weakness, lowlihood, resignation lowly: (adj) base, lower, low, inferior, baseborn; (adv) meekly, meanly, modestly, poorly, softly, humbly. ANTONYMS: (adj) noble, privileged, high, aristocratic, refined, exalted, comfortable loyal: (adj, v) firm; (adj, n) unwavering, true, accurate; (adj) fast, steady, constant, reliable, devoted, dependable, obedient. ANTONYMS: (adj) disloyal, unfaithful, unreliable, disobedient, inconstant, treacherous, uncommitted, unpatriotic, unhelpful, fickle loyalty: (n) allegiance, faith, honesty, devotion, fealty, faithfulness, dedication, integrity, commitment, attachment; (adj, n) fidelity. ANTONYMS: (n) unfaithfulness, disobedience, infidelity, treachery, impoliteness, deceit, indifference, doubt, dishonesty, unreliability lucre: (n) pelf, earnings, gelt, profit, kale, dough, advantage, mammon, dividend, return, income lump: (n, v) heap, knot, chunk, block; (n) gob, tumor, hunk, bit, bulge; (adj, n) clod; (adj, n, v) mass. ANTONYM: (v) divide lustful: (adj, v) lascivious, lewd, libidinous, wanton; (adj) licentious, prurient, lickerish, concupiscent,

King Henry VI, Part I passionate, lusty; (adj, n, v) lecherous. ANTONYM: (adj) restrained lute: (n) harp, glue, solder, luting, gum, mortar, plaster, stucco, paste, size, wafer madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd madness: (n) frenzy, insanity, lunacy, idiocy, folly, delirium, insaneness; (adj, n) furor, rage, desperation, furore. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, calmness, order magic: (n) incantation, charm, enchantment, sorcery, legerdemain, conjuring, glamour, black magic, illusion, theurgy; (adj) magical. ANTONYMS: (n) dullness, science; (adj) everyday, prosaic, normal, natural mahomet: (n) Mohammed, prophet, Elijah Muhammad, Mahound maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) first, initiatory, unmarried maine: (n) pine tree state maintain: (v) continue, assert, aver, preserve, defend, declare, guard, conserve, affirm; (n, v) justify, allege. ANTONYMS: (v) change, neglect, abandon, transform, quit, grant, end, cancel, endanger, refute, stop majestical: (adj) stately, exalted, elevated majesty: (adj, n) grandeur, splendor, nobility; (n) dignity, loftiness, magnificence, stateliness, greatness, king, royalty, highness. ANTONYMS: (n) austerity, simplicity malady: (n, v) illness, ailment, indisposition, distemper; (adj, n, v) disorder; (adj, n) complaint, infirmity; (n) sickness, condition, trouble, ill malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, benevolence, affection, goodness malignant: (adj) malevolent, malicious, evil, malefic, fatal, spiteful, virulent, sinister, mischievous, pernicious, venomous manifest: (adj) evident, distinct, conspicuous, clear, patent, plain; (v)

display, demonstrate, exhibit, evidence; (n, v) declare. ANTONYMS: (v) hide; (adj) hidden, obscure, secret, inconspicuous, veiled, furtive, avoidable, ambiguous; (adv) absent manner: (adj, n) kind; (n) bearing, demeanor, method, form, appearance, carriage, way; (n, v) custom, style, habit mannerly: (adj) civil, polite, genteel, urbane, decent, decorous, refined, courtly, gentlemanly; (adv) kindly, sortly. ANTONYMS: (adj) rude, common, vulgar, impolite manners: (n) conduct, etiquette, propriety, behavior, deportment, manner, courtesy, custom, decorum, good manners, usage. ANTONYM: (n) vulgarity mantle: (n) cloak, cape, pall, blanket, curtain, blind, coat; (n, v) cover, veil; (adj, n, v) blush, flush march: (n, v) hike, parade, trek, ramble, journey, tramp, course; (n) demonstration; (v) process, pace, stride marching: (n) walking, mar, drill; (adj) ongoing, moving margaret: (n) madge, mag marish: (n) marsh, morass, swamp, sump, wash, swampland, moss, quagmire; (adj) fenny mark: (adj, n, v) notice; (n, v) brand, score, heed, label, blemish; (n) sign, impression, character; (v) characterize, distinguish. ANTONYM: (n) enhancement market: (n) fair, emporium, marketplace, bazaar, grocery store; (n, v) shop, trade; (v) demand, sell, commercialize, exchange marriage: (adj, n) bridal, nuptial; (n) matrimony, espousal, union, wedlock, intermarriage, alliance, coupling; (n, v) match; (v) marry. ANTONYM: (n) separation married: (adj) wedded, conjugal, matrimonial, connubial, nuptial, united, mixed, connected, marrying, attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached, divorced, public marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split marshal: (v) dispose, rally, mobilize, guide, group, muster, order, collect, organize, arrange; (n) Marshall. ANTONYMS: (v) disturb,

William Shakespeare demobilize, disband, dismiss, disperse martial: (adj) military, warlike, soldierly, bellicose, belligerent, combative, brave, soldierlike, armigerous, militant, heroic. ANTONYMS: (adj) civilian, peaceful, unarmed marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, miracle, portent, marl, surprise, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare masculine: (adj, v) male, not female; (adj) manly, manlike, virile, mannish, mankind, bold, manful; (n) gender, he. ANTONYMS: (adj) female, neuter master: (n) captain, instructor, lord; (v) control, conquer, command, dominate, defeat; (adj, n) original, head, ace. ANTONYMS: (n) underling, servant, novice, amateur masters: (n) Edgar lee Masters master's: (n) postgraduate degree match: (n, v) mate, meet, pair, fellow; (v) agree, harmonise, accord, correspond, harmonize; (adj, n, v) parallel; (n) peer. ANTONYMS: (v) contradict, conflict, disagree, jar, differ; (n) difference mate: (n, v) equal, partner, spouse; (adj, n) companion, comrade, fellow, associate, friend; (n) compeer, consort, husband matter: (n) business, substance, issue, material, affair, concern, incident, article, subject; (n, v) case; (adj, n) import mayor: (n) provost, mayoress, city manager, politician, mayoralty, official, civil authority, administrator; (adj) major mean: (adj, n) middle, low, contemptible, average, medium, common; (v) design; (n, v) imply, denote; (adj) ignoble, hateful. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, kind, extravagant, charitable, luxurious, rich, expansive, extreme, great; (n) maximum, minimum meaning: (n) intent, gist, implication, design, essence, consequence, significance, content, intention, connotation, aim. ANTONYM: (n) triviality means: (n) instrument, agency, income, assets, manner, funds, capital, channel, property, resource, resources. ANTONYM: (n) poverty meditating: (n) conception

meet: (v) find, converge, assemble, gather, fulfill, congregate, answer, cross, confront, intersect; (adv, v) encounter. ANTONYMS: (v) diverge, disperse, separate, part, leave, differ, disband member: (n) limb, supporter, extremity, portion, phallus, personnel, appendage, employee, section, fellow, constituent. ANTONYMS: (n) nonmember, observer, skeptic, whole, opponent members: (n) convention, personnel memory: (n) memento, reminiscence, remembrance, recollection, recall, commemoration, anamnesis, storage, retrospect; (adj, n) posthumous fame; (v) mind merchant: (n) trader, seller, businessman, shopkeeper, vendor, retailer, merchandiser, storekeeper, broker, grocer; (n, v) chapman. ANTONYM: (n) buyer mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, harshness, unkindness, severity, mercilessness, ruthlessness, impatience, inhumanity mere: (adj, n) entire; (adj) bare, simple, pure; (n) loch, tarn, boundary, absolute; (n, v) downright; (adv) merely; (adj, v) clear message: (n) communication, information, errand, letter, mission, dispatch, statement, word, lesson, significance, note messenger: (n, v) herald; (n) harbinger, runner, emissary, bearer, ambassador, precursor, courier, carrier, apostle, errand methinks: (adv) meseems method: (n) course, fashion, form, system, order, approach, arrangement, way, manner, formula; (adj, n) plan. ANTONYMS: (n) chaos, disorderliness mice: (n) rats, agoutis, guinea pigs, beavers, gophers, order Rodentia, marmots, hamsters, pests, Rodentia, vermin mickle: (n) muckle, lot, batch, deluge, flood, numerous, much, great, hoi polloi, hole, marihuana middle: (n) heart, hub, core, center; (adj, n) mean, median, mid; (adj) intermediate, halfway, mediate, central. ANTONYMS: (adj) extreme, outer, late, early; (adj, n) outside; (n)

167 extremity, perimeter, beginning, end, circumference, surface midst: (adj, n) middle; (adv) mid, between; (prep) among, amid; (n) core, center, thick, interior, heart, waist might: (n) power, energy, ability, influence, strength, puissance, vehemence, intensity; (v) may, can, could. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, feebleness, meekness mighty: (adj) immense, huge, grand, intense, high, big, forcible, strong, large, great; (adj, adv) powerful. ANTONYMS: (adj) puny, tiny, weak, insignificant mind: (n, v) intellect, notice, regard; (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, look after; (n) disposition. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, neglect, disregard, disobey, Miss, ignore; (n) emotion, inattention; (adj) physical mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n) excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve mingled: (adj) miscellaneous, complex, indiscriminate, heterogeneous, medley, confused, eclectic, motley, different; (v) blended, blent minister: (n) envoy, priest, deputy, divine, ambassador, churchman, clergyman, cleric, curate, ecclesiastic; (v) supply minute: (n, v) note; (adj) little, delicate, microscopic, small, atomic; (n) jiffy, flash, moment, second, memorandum. ANTONYMS: (adj) huge, big, gigantic, significant, cursory, immeasurable, tremendous, important, colossal, giant, large miracle: (adj, n) wonder, prodigy; (n) phenomenon, mystery, wonderwork, surprise, sensation, event, theurgy, astonishment, amazement mirror: (v) imitate, reflect, reproduce, represent; (n, v) copy, echo; (n) looking glass, looking-glass; (adj, n) standard, pattern, model mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) amusement, happiness, delight, joy, hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: (n) gloom, sadness, misery misbegotten: (adj, prep) misbegot; (adj) illegitimate, spurious, bastardly, deformed, fake, fraudulent, inauthentic, bogus; (v) miscreated, misshapen

168 miscarry: (v) fail, founder, abort, fall, flop, break down, go wrong, backfire, fall through, miss, lose mischief: (adj, n) evil, hurt, harm; (n) damage, ill, detriment, disadvantage, devilry, caper, devilment, maleficence. ANTONYMS: (n) obedience, beneficence, help misconceived: (adj) inaccurate, erroneous, deformed miscreant: (n) rascal, villain, scoundrel, reprobate, wretch, rogue, infidel, scapegrace; (adj) degenerate, nefarious, vicious miser: (n) stinginess, curmudgeon, hunks, muckworm, niggard, skinflint, cheapskate, parsimony, moneygrubber, Jew, miserliness misery: (adj, n) grief; (n, v) distress; (n) affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill, infelicity, suffering. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, ecstasy, cheerfulness, fun, hopefulness, peace, contentment, pleasure, wealth, sport, cheer mitigate: (n, v) alleviate, palliate, appease; (adj, n, v) assuage, allay; (v) lessen, relieve, abate, lighten; (adj, v) moderate, soften. ANTONYMS: (v) increase, intensify, aggravate moan: (n, v) grumble, gripe, whine, lament, cry, howl; (v) bewail, complain, mourn; (n) complaint, lamentation. ANTONYMS: (v) compliment; (n) praise modestly: (adv) unassumingly, demurely, humbly, reservedly, retiringly, unpretentiously, diffidently, soberly, timidly, meekly, moderately. ANTONYMS: (adv) ostentatiously, arrogantly, immodestly, elaborately, boldly, radically, proudly, brashly, boastfully, brazenly, excessively modesty: (n) reserve, bashfulness, humility, diffidence, humbleness, demureness, coyness, gentleness, continence; (adj, n) decency, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) arrogance, immodesty, spectacle, flamboyance, abandon, bigheadedness, pretension, decadence, boldness moist: (adj) damp, wet, muggy, clammy, dank, damps, dampish, soggy, soppy, wettish, moisture. ANTONYMS: (adj) dry, limp, fresh moment: (n, v) consequence, weight; (adj, n) instant; (n) flash, jiffy, minute, import, second, time, bit,

King Henry VI, Part I hour. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsequence, age, triviality monarch: (n) sovereign, lord, emperor, ruler, czar, despot, autocrat, tsar, tzar, Danaus Plexippus; (adj) prince money: (n) currency, capital, kale, funds, means, lucre, assets, legal tender, pelf, cash, dough monstrous: (adj) huge, atrocious, heinous, monster, immense, gigantic, grievous, ugly, flagitious, dreadful; (adj, v) grotesque. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, minute, beautiful, good, small, lovely, attractive month: (n) calendar month, months, lunation, minute, hour, day, period, quarter, quinquennium, year, moonshine moody: (adj) gloomy, dark, irritable, morose, capricious, glum, grumpy, fickle, petulant, dour, sullen. ANTONYMS: (adj) equable, happy, reliable, stable, calm morn: (n) dawn, daybreak, forenoon, period, prime, aurora, a, amount of time, break of dawn, break of day, break of the day morrow: (n) morning, future, mean solar day, day mortimer: (n) Roger de Mortimer mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin, mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v) father; (v) engender, generate, beget motion: (n) action, movement, gesticulation, play, exercise, passage; (n, v) wave, sign, signal; (v) beckon, gesticulate. ANTONYMS: (n) inertia, motionlessness, inactivity, stillness; (v) dismiss mount: (n, v) rise, climb, frame; (v) board, arise, advance, jump, increase; (n) hill, mountain; (adj, v) ride. ANTONYMS: (v) drop, decrease, wane, dismount; (n) valley, hollow mountain: (n, v) mound; (n) heap, height, peak, mountain range, stack, pile, mass, Ben, volcano, bundle mourn: (v) bewail, grieve, deplore, cry, bemoan, regret, distress, sad, wail, mourning, weep. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, applaud mournful: (adj) sad, miserable, melancholy, funereal, dolorous, dark, pensive, gloomy, lugubrious, lamentable; (adj, n) plaintive. ANTONYMS: (adj) joyful, happy, emotionless mouth: (n) lip, lips, aperture, edge,

entrance, snout, entry; (n, v) grimace; (v) articulate, pronounce, speak moved: (adj) affected, excited, touched, disordered, enthused, gone, tense, inspired, stimulated, overcome, interested. ANTONYM: (adj) uninspired moving: (adj) affecting, exciting, emotional, impressive, mobile, pitiful, poignant, touching; (n) movement, motive, transport. ANTONYMS: (adj) motionless, depressing, stationary, unemotional, fixed, unmoving, everyday, immobile, nonmoving, ridiculous, boring multitude: (n) flock, horde, crowd, host, throng, concourse, mob, masses, mass, herd, swarm. ANTONYM: (n) trickle murder: (n, v) massacre, carnage, slaughter, homicide, butcher; (v) kill, slay, destroy, execute, dispatch, assassinate muse: (v) meditate, ponder, deliberate, consider, cogitate, reflect, brood, ruminate, speculate, think, mull. ANTONYM: (v) wander music: (n) melody, chorus, musical, sound, composition, monody, folk music, medicine, euphony, drumming, ballet mutiny: (n, v) insurrection, rebellion; (n) disobedience, uprising, revolution, outbreak, insubordination, defiance, rising; (v) rebel, rise. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, obedience myself: (pron) me, itself, herself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) I, yourselves; (adv) in person, for myself, in my opinion. ANTONYMS: (adv) universally, generally naked: (adj, v) bare; (adj) nude, exposed, open, barren, raw, bleak, unclothed, defenseless, au naturel, defenceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) covered, concealed, hidden, dressed name: (v) appoint, describe, baptize, list, enumerate, identify, cite, mention; (n, v) title, entitle; (n) epithet. ANTONYMS: (n) nobody, indecency named: (adj, v) called; (adj) nominative, nominal, chosen, appointed, nominated, designated, titled, specified; (v) benempt, ycleped nation: (n) state, country, kingdom, people, community, commonwealth,

William Shakespeare land, a people, body politic, nationality, tribe nativity: (n) birth, horoscope, nascency, delivery, genesis, cradle, nascence, birthing, origin, childbirth, births. ANTONYM: (n) death natural: (adj) inherent, innate, unaffected, instinctive, artless, congenital, inborn, normal, intrinsic, essential, native. ANTONYMS: (adj) affected, refined, false, cultivated, unnatural, paranormal, supernatural, abnormal, forced, exceptional, strained nature: (n) disposition, essence, quality, creation, breed, temperament, type, attribute; (adj, n) character, class, manner near: (adj, adv, v) close, at hand; (adv, prep) by, around, towards; (adj, v) familiar, adjoining, approximate; (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) almost; (adj) imminent. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, far, further, actual, exact; (v) leave need: (adj, n, v) lack, want; (n, v) demand, desire, deficiency, must, destitution; (n) necessity, requirement; (v) require, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike, have; (n) option, luxury, glut, unimportance, affluence, prosperity needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not neglected: (adj) dilapidated, disregarded, ignored, deserted, derelict, forsaken, obsolete, antiquated, antique, shabby, unnoticed. ANTONYM: (adj) salubrious negligent: (adj) neglectful, heedless, forgetful, reckless, inattentive, inadvertent, indifferent, slow, lax, untidy; (adj, v) remiss. ANTONYMS: (adj) strict, diligent, conscientious, careful, dutiful, prompt, prudent, responsible, sensible, cautious neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother nephew: (n) aunt, grandnephew, brother's son, niece, cousin, uncle, kinsman never: (adv) ne'er, Nevers, always, not ever, by no means, at all times, not at all, not, NE. ANTONYMS: (adv) always, forever

news: (n) advice, message, information, intelligence, tidings, story, report, notice, communication, gossip; (adj) new next: (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, future, coming, ensuing, after; (adv, conj) then, afterward; (adj, v) subsequent. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) previous, previously, preceding; (adj) outgoing, distant; (adv) before nice: (adj) fastidious, dainty, fine, good, lovely, kind, likable, delicious, difficult, precise; (adj, n) neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) horrible, nasty, unlikable, rough, mean, loathsome, approximate, unsavory, unfriendly, inelegant, bad night: (n) dark, dusk, darkness, gloaming, twilight, nighttime, Nox, eventide, period; (adj) nocturnal, gloomy. ANTONYMS: (n) day, light, sunrise nine: (n) niner, club, ball club, baseball club, ennead, Nina from Carolina, three times three, ten, nightspot, clubhouse, queen nobility: (n) aristocracy, greatness, dignity, lord, noblesse, magnanimousness, baronage, gentry, nobleman; (adj) generosity; (adj, n) magnanimity. ANTONYM: (n) baseness noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady nobles: (n) landed gentry, upper class noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, quietness, sense noisome: (adj) injurious, bad, fetid, mischievous, repugnant, foul, noxious, repulsive, detrimental, poisonous, deleterious. ANTONYM: (adj) moral none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever north: (adv) northwards, northerly, northward, in the north; (n) n, union, compass north, due north, magnetic north, norther; (adj) northbound note: (n, v) comment, mind, remark, mention, heed, mark, look, report;

169 (n) indication, annotation; (v) detect. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) disgrace, invoice nothing: (adv, n) naught; (adj, n) nil, null; (n) nobody, cipher, nihil, nonentity, trifle, nix, aught, cypher. ANTONYMS: (pron) anything, everything, some; (n) all notice: (n, v) note, mind, regard; (n) advertisement, information, declaration, attention; (adj, v) look, attend; (v) find, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, overlook, Miss; (n) ignorance, inattention, appointment, unconsciousness notorious: (adj, v) notable; (adj) known, infamous, illustrious, disreputable, flagrant, egregious, prominent, celebrated, noted; (adj, n) errant. ANTONYMS: (adj) anonymous, reputable, famous nuptial: (adj, n) bridal, marriage; (adj) marital, matrimonial, spousal, connubial, hymeneal, conjugal, wedding, married; (n) matrimony obedience: (n) meekness, submission, deference, obeisance, acquiescence, subordination, bow, observance, docility, loyalty, allegiance. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, defiance, naughtiness, resistance, divergence, chaos, wildness obedient: (adj) submissive, compliant, good, conformable, tame, acquiescent, dutiful, meek, biddable, amenable, subservient. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiant, assertive, rebellious, crooked, intractable, naughty, wild, resistant object: (n) cause, intent, meaning, mark, subject, objective, substance; (n, v) aim, end, intention; (v) except. ANTONYMS: (v) agree, approve, praise; (n) notion obloquy: (n) libel, censure, aspersion, blame, defamation, disgrace, infamy, disparagement, shame, vilification; (adj, n) odium obscure: (adj, n) cloudy, dark; (adj) gloomy, mysterious, incomprehensible, hidden, ambiguous, concealed; (adj, v) darken, muddy; (v) hide. ANTONYMS: (adj) clear, noticeable, simple, obvious, distinct, mainstream, famous, definite, overt, plain; (v) reveal obstinate: (adj) obdurate, inflexible, intractable, determined, inveterate, disobedient, willful, stubborn, contrary, wayward, dogged. ANTONYMS: (adj) flexible,

170 amenable, irresolute, cooperative, easygoing, docile, biddable, agreeable, accommodating, malleable, gentle obtain: (v) acquire, have, get, earn, achieve, attain, accomplish, derive, effect, make, collect. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, relinquish, sell, dispatch, give occasion: (n, v) cause; (n) case, event, juncture, episode, incident; (v) bring about, create, beget, make, induce o'er: (adv) on, upon, across offence: (n) insult, injury, guilt, error, delinquency, fault, misdeed, infraction, infringement, attack, offense offended: (adj) angry, affronted, aggrieved, pained, wronged, annoyed, insulted, shocked, vexed, resentful, injured. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, proud, unconcerned offender: (n) delinquent, malefactor, criminal, convict, felon, crook, wrongdoer, malfeasant, perpetrator, outlaw, villain offense: (n, v) crime, fault; (n) insult, misdemeanor, offence, aggression, attack, infringement, transgression, delinquency, misdemeanour. ANTONYMS: (n) defense, virtue, praise offer: (v) give, bestow, put, tender, extend, impart, introduce, advance, propose; (n) proposal, proposition. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold, take office: (n) function, position, agency, commission, appointment, division, place, bureau, post, job; (n, v) duty officer: (n) police officer, administrator, constable, commander, military officer, bureaucrat, official, officeholder, executive, agent, employee. ANTONYM: (n) underling officers: (n) executive committee, staff often: (adj, adv) oft; (adv) much, again and again, repeatedly, ofttimes, oftentimes, many times, always, commonly, again; (adj) frequent. ANTONYMS: (adv) seldom, infrequently, never ominous: (adj) baleful, inauspicious, ill, menacing, threatening, black, sinister, minatory, unlucky, forbidding, minacious. ANTONYMS: (adj) promising, auspicious, reassuring, bright, lucky, wonderful

King Henry VI, Part I once: (adv, n) formerly; (adv) before, ever, previously, one time, at one time, already, erst; (adj, adv) erstwhile; (adj) former; (n) whilom. ANTONYM: (adv) future open: (adj, n) frank, candid; (adj, n, v) clear; (adj) obvious, exposed, artless, free, honest, guileless, forthright, naked. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) shut; (v) close, end; (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, restricted, limited, reserved, secret opinion: (adj, n, v) judgment, feeling, notion; (n) idea, belief, conjecture, advice, guess, impression, view; (n, v) meaning opportunity: (n) chance, opening, luck, occasion, crack, room, event, time, circumstance, shot, alternative. ANTONYMS: (n) past, disaster oppression: (n, v) hardship, grievance; (n) injustice, despotism, weight, stress, doldrums; (adj, n) abuse, tyranny, dictatorship, autocracy. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, ease, freedom, liberty orator: (n) elocutionist, speechmaker, speaker, lecturer, Cicero, speechifier, demagog, demagogue, eulogist; (v) oratrix, oratress order: (n, v) command, direct, decree, dictate, sort, rank, array, commission, charge; (n) instruction, edict. ANTONYMS: (n, v) request; (n) mayhem, confusion, chaos, mess, anarchy, disorderliness, disarray; (v) disturb, deregulate, supply ordnance: (n) artillery, cannon, armament, munitions, arsenal, weapons, heavy weapon, catapult, bricole, munition, ordinance orleans: (n) siege of Orleans ornament: (n) decoration, adornment, embellishment, decor; (v) beautify, decorate, deck, embellish, adorn; (n, v) garnish, dress. ANTONYM: (v) strip ornaments: (n) stuff, trim, ornamentation, equipments, dress, disposition, custom, curios, condition, clothing, gaudery others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission otherwhiles: (adv) otherwhile otherwise: (adv) besides, differently, or else, yet, alias, nevertheless, on the other hand, in addition; (adj, adv) other; (n) or; (adj) different ought: (n, v) need; (v) had better, should, have, possessed, owned, owed, behoove; (n) aught, zero, duty

ourselves: (pron) myself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) me, yourselves, usself outlaw: (v) forbid, disallow, proscribe; (n) felon, criminal, bandit, desperado, fugitive, lawbreaker; (n, v) exile; (adj, v) banish. ANTONYMS: (v) legalize, permit, approve outrage: (n, v) insult, affront, dishonor, anger; (v) offend, violate, desecrate; (adj, n, v) abuse; (n) atrocity, indignity, enormity outrageous: (adj) inordinate, atrocious, ridiculous, monstrous, offensive, gross, excessive, extravagant, absurd, unconscionable; (adj, v) furious. ANTONYMS: (adj) acceptable, reasonable, normal, credible, good, honorable, lovely, complimentary, appealing, commendable, admirable outward: (adj) external, apparent, extrinsic, outer, superficial, surface, outside, ostensible, foreign, outdoor; (adv) out. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) inward; (adj) inner, internal, deep overborne: (v) overwhelmed overrun: (n, v) overflow; (v) invade, flood, occupy, infest, deluge, inundate, overwhelm, devastate, brim over; (n) excess. ANTONYMS: (adj) clear, tidy; (v) make overthrow: (adj, n, v) defeat, rout; (n) fall, downfall, destruction; (n, v) overpower, ruin, overturn; (adj, v) overcome; (v) bring down, demolish. ANTONYMS: (v) install, validate, lose, appoint; (n) victory, beginning oxen: (n) bull, ox, cows, cow, cattle, Bos Taurus, bullock, kine, milker, beef, dairy cow packing: (n) boxing, package, gasket, bundling, fill, pad, pack, envelopment, wadding, wrap, backpacking paid: (adj, v) compensated; (adj) salaried, paying, nonrecreational, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, mercenary, settled, prepaid, apaid. ANTONYMS: (adj) owing, due, unprofitable; (adv) voluntary pain: (n, v) hurt, afflict, ache, bother, torment, trouble, grieve, anguish; (n) ill, agony, nuisance. ANTONYMS: (v) encourage, cheer; (n) joy, peace, content, balm, ecstasy paint: (n, v) color, tint; (v) daub, coat, decorate, varnish, depict, enamel, lacquer, apply; (n) painting

William Shakespeare pair: (n, v) match; (adj, n) brace; (n) duet, duo, dyad; (v) join, mate, link, copulate, equate, marry palace: (n) castle, mansion, hall, alcazar, chateau, palazzo, house, palaces, regime, fortress, serai pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) boundary, confine; (v) blanch. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken paleness: (adj, n) pallor; (n) pallidness, wanness, whiteness, achromasia, blondness, lividity, luridness, lividness, fairness, pale. ANTONYM: (n) strength paltry: (adj, n) mean; (adj) contemptible, measly, trifling, abject, insignificant, inconsiderable, puny, little, trivial, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, substantial, plentiful, enormous, important, profound paramour: (n) love, courtesan, doxy, mistress, lover, beau, sweetheart, favorite, odalisque; (adj) gallant, leman parching: (adj) torrid, hot, parched pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance parentage: (n) family, extraction, origin, descent, ancestry, lineage, stock, birth, pedigree, kinship, bloodline parings: (n) residue paris: (n) genus Paris, French capital, City of Light, capital of France parish: (n) community, congregation, county, region, province, township, borough, church, grazing land, area, arrondissement parley: (v) negotiate, converse, confer, consult; (n, v) talk, treat; (n) conversation, interview, colloquy, meeting, consultation parliament: (n) council, diet, assembly, legislature, house, chamber, convocation, Cortes, convention, junta, senate part: (adj, n) constituent; (n) piece, article, section; (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce; (n, v) branch, division, character. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, entirety; (v) join, unite, meet, arrive, connect; (adv) wholly partaker: (n) participant, sharer, contributor, associate, accomplice,

partner, participator, companion, party, pooler, contestant parting: (n) adieu, division, leave, departure, disunion, goodbye, leaving, segregation, dying, rupture; (adj) valedictory. ANTONYMS: (n) joining, meeting, connection, Reunion partner: (n) copartner, pal, collaborator, colleague; (adj, n) associate, fellow, accomplice, companion, comrade, mate, ally. ANTONYMS: (n) superior, enemy partners: (n) associates, team parts: (n) faculty, nous, quick parts, sagacity, wit, surroundings; (adj) ingenuity, cleverness, capacity, turn, talents party: (n) company, band, group, assembly, crew, association, gathering, crowd, clique, meeting, celebration pass: (adj, n, v) run; (v) flow, give, deliver, lead, happen, overtake, proceed; (adj, v) move; (n, v) offer, live. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, make, take, veto; (n) failing, rejection, exclusion passage: (n, v) course, journey; (n) gangway, corridor, hall, channel, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct. ANTONYMS: (n) rejection, room passing: (adj) transient, ephemeral, momentary, cursory, brief; (n) overtaking, departure, expiration, decease, passage, death. ANTONYMS: (adj) lasting, thorough, intended, lengthy, long; (n) birth, failing passion: (n) affection, fire, fervor, love, feeling, anger, enthusiasm, heat, craving, desire; (n, v) ardor. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, hate, serenity, meekness, hatred, doubt, dislike, calmness, moderation past: (n) history, yesterday; (adj, adv, prep) beyond; (adj) former, bygone, old, prior, over, gone by; (adv) before; (adv, pref) along. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) future, present; (prep) within; (adj) current, contemporary, modern, upcoming, following, subsequent, later; (n) prospect patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, resignation, restraint, composure, sufferance; (n, v) moderation, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience, eagerness, intolerance, annoyance patient: (adj) forbearing, passive,

171 calm, enduring, resigned, uncomplaining, tolerant, stoical, lenient, meek, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) intolerant, annoyed, eager, harsh patronage: (n) condescension, aegis, clientele, favor, trade, backing, assistance, countenance, auspices, aid, championship pattern: (n) design, fashion, figure, norm, example, paragon; (n, v) mold, shape, form, order; (v) mould pause: (n, v) halt, interruption, adjournment, delay, respite, stop; (adj, n, v) rest; (n) intermission, gap; (adj, v) discontinue; (v) hesitate. ANTONYMS: (n) decisiveness, continuation, start; (v) proceed peace: (adj, n) calm, quiet; (n) harmony, hush, repose, ease, amity, agreement, rest, pacification, order. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, agitation, war, distress, suffering, disruption, turbulence peaceful: (adj) peaceable, quiet, gentle, even, silent, meek, peace, staid, placid, tranquil, imperturbable. ANTONYMS: (adj) aggressive, tense, noisy, turbulent, disturbed, hostile, disruptive, bothered, warlike, unpeaceful, compulsory peacock: (v) strut, swagger, pose; (n) iris, tortoise shell, peafowl, bird of Juno, tulip, spectrum, peacock butterfly, chameleon peal: (n) ding, noise, clang, dingdong, blast; (v) chime, knell, toll, echo; (adj, n) swell; (n, v) bang peasant: (n) farmer, churl, bucolic, countryman, clown, cottar, cotter, hind, provincial, rustic, muzjik pebble: (n) boulder, crystal, flint, rock, scree, cobblestone, calculus, crag, granite, pebblestone; (adj) quartz peer: (n, v) peep; (n) noble, mate, equal, equivalent, compeer, nobleman, fellow, associate; (v) peek, gaze. ANTONYMS: (v) glance, stare peerless: (adj) matchless, nonpareil, unique, unmatched, unrivaled, one and only, inimitable, supreme, superlative, unequaled, unmatchable. ANTONYM: (adj) vulnerable peevish: (adj) fretful, fractious, morose, testy, irascible, moody, captious, petulant, cross, cantankerous, touchy

172 pelt: (n) hide, skin, fell, coat; (v) pepper, bombard, hurry, beat, hit, batter, pour pendragon: (n) headman, chief, head boss, dizdar, captain general, naik, knight marshal perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, discover, see, grasp, find, know, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, observe, ignore perceived: (adj) sensed, apparent, supposed, professed, ostensible perfect: (adj, n, v) consummate, complete; (adj, n) absolute, full, entire; (adj) exact, utter, thorough, faultless, integral, exquisite. ANTONYMS: (adj) flawed, faulty, wrong, inferior, misshapen, incorrect, defective, used, everyday, unhappy, partial perforce: (n) on compulsion; (adv) needs perhaps: (adv) mayhap, perchance, peradventure, possibly, probably, conceivably, by chance, haply, if, presumably; (n) might. ANTONYM: (adv) certainly period: (n) dot, epoch, era, point, duration, generation, day, conclusion, cycle, length, stage perish: (v) expire, pass away, decease, go, fade, decay, depart, fall, pass, ruin, annihilate. ANTONYMS: (v) survive, live, appear pernicious: (adj) detrimental, evil, bad, injurious, fatal, noxious, deadly, baneful, mischievous, mortal, malign. ANTONYMS: (adj) favorable, pleasant, harmless perplexed: (adj) confused, puzzled, baffled, confounded, doubtful, distracted, disconcerted; (adj, v) intricate, complicated, lost, involved. ANTONYMS: (adj) unperplexed, assured, clear, knowing persons: (n) folk, public, society, world persuade: (v) convince, coax, assure, allure, entice, influence, induce, cajole, argue, exhort, lure. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, dissuade, deter, restrain, force peruse: (v) examine, look through, inspect, study, leaf, flip, flick, learn, review, to read, browse. ANTONYM: (v) skim perverse: (adj) fractious, obstinate, obdurate, bad, corrupt, headstrong, disobedient, intractable, willful,

King Henry VI, Part I sinister, wayward. ANTONYMS: (adj) wholesome, obliging, agreeable, accommodating, malleable, good pestiferous: (adj) annoying, pernicious, contagious, noisome, harmful, vexing, vexatious, destructive, irritating, bothersome, pesky petition: (n, v) appeal, request, desire, claim; (v) ask, beg, crave, apply; (n) application, entreaty, invocation petty: (adj) insignificant, trivial, little, frivolous, paltry, puny, negligible, light, mean, minute, exiguous. ANTONYMS: (adj) important, serious, generous, profound, significant, expansive, crucial, considerable, broadminded, enormous phoenix: (n) perfection, capital of Arizona, chimera, genus phoenix, hydra, ideal, jewel, Minotaur, monster physic: (n) medicine, aperient, cathartic, medication, healing, medicament, drug; (n, v) cure, doctor, remedy; (v) heal picardy: (n) Picardie picture: (v) describe, draw, imagine, depict; (n, v) photograph, paint, fancy; (n) effigy, drawing, likeness, depiction piece: (n) fragment, division, part, article, lump, hunk, composition, component, opus; (n, v) patch, portion. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, chunk; (v) disassemble pieces: (n) debris, trash piercing: (adj, n) sharp, cutting; (adj, v) keen, penetrating, biting, bitter, harsh, shrill; (adj) high, raw, loud. ANTONYMS: (adj) quiet, dull, soft, hot pikes: (n) muskellunges, pickerels, family Esocidae pillage: (n, v) loot, ransack, spoil, rape; (v) despoil, harry, rob, rifle; (n) depredation, despoliation, devastation pining: (adj, n) longing; (adj) languishing, languid, marcid, amorously pensive, dull, eager; (n) pinning, hankering, craving, desire pitch: (n, v) fling, cast, degree, dip, tilt, lurch, toss, throw, slant; (v) chuck, hurl pitched: (adj) oblique, thrown, slanting, at an angle, leaning; (v) fixed, pight, determined. ANTONYM: (adj) level

pitchy: (adj) tarry, dusky, dark, fuliginous, jet, murky, obscure, pitch dark, inky, black, achromatic piteous: (adj) miserable, pitiful, pathetic, doleful, lamentable, abject, compassionate, unfortunate, poor, paltry, pitiable pithless: (v) marrowless, sinewless; (adj) feeble, lustless, spineless pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, miserable, distressing, mean, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, impressive pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy place: (n, v) post, order; (v) fix, lay, arrange, locate, install; (adj, n, v) rank, station; (n) domicile, office. ANTONYMS: (v) remove, divest, lift, dismantle placed: (adj) situated, laid, set, positioned, arranged, fixed, sited, collocate, determined, dictated, hardened places: (n) chairs, seating, spaces plague: (v) molest, harass, afflict, hassle, annoy, badger, pester, disturb, beleaguer; (n, v) worry; (adj, n, v) bother. ANTONYM: (v) comfort plaguing: (adj) galling plain: (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, manifest, obvious, clear, simple; (adj, n) flat, homely, humble. ANTONYMS: (adj) elaborate, unclear, multicolored, mottled, ornate, concealed, attractive, confused, fussy, obscure, patterned plainness: (n) perspicuity, clearness, homeliness, austerity, simplicity, lucidity, perspicuousness, directness, bareness, drabness, chasteness. ANTONYMS: (n) warmth, splendor plant: (v) fix, set, embed, graft, establish, constitute; (n, v) place; (n) manufactory, factory, equipment, herb. ANTONYMS: (v) dismantle, remove platforms: (n) chopine, chopines play: (n, v) act, frolic, pastime, game, sport, exercise, joke, bet, wager; (v) enact; (adj, v) perform. ANTONYMS: (n) tightness; (v)

William Shakespeare avoid, leave, real plead: (v) entreat, implore, beg, adjure, petition, ask, appeal, defend, invoke, sue; (n, v) allege. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, demand please: (v) delight, charm, amuse, entertain, oblige, enchant, enrapture; (adj, v) gratify, enjoy, like; (adj) glad. ANTONYMS: (v) displease, annoy, irritate, anger, distress, sicken, disappoint, dissatisfy, sadden, repel, appall pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment, delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache, displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, worry, anguish pledge: (n, v) bond, gage, wager, engage, promise, plight, guarantee, bet, contract; (n) assurance; (v) covenant. ANTONYM: (v) redeem plighted: (adj) intended, engaged plot: (n, v) plan, intrigue, cabal, plat, scheme, design, chart; (n) lot, patch, graph; (v) conspire plotted: (adj) planned, aforethought, arranged, studied pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge point: (n, v) grade, head, nib, level, aim, degree; (n) peak, article, dot; (adj, n) edge; (v) direct. ANTONYM: (n) middle pole: (n) picket, bar, magnetic pole, mast, rod, terminal, post, support, axle, beam, axis policy: (n) course, plan, insurance, approach, tactics, game, system, principle, line, politics, polity polluted: (adj) dirty, contaminated, foul, defiled, filthy, unclean, profane, stained, soiled, tainted, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, hygienic pomp: (n) grandeur, parade, ostentation, show, ceremony, glory, luxury, pageantry, magnificence, state, splendor. ANTONYMS: (n) understatement, modesty poor: (adj) bad, miserable, piteous, destitute, pitiful, insufficient, penniless, pathetic; (adj, v) meager; (adj, n) paltry, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) wealthy, excellent, privileged, admirable, good, adequate, satisfactory, outstanding, favorable,

dignified, comfortable pope: (n) Holy Father, priest, Vicar of Christ, cardinal, high priest, ruffe, papa, Gregory; (adj) church, gospel, Gregorian porridge: (v) oatmeal, hasty pudding, mince pie, oyster, pineapple, mango; (n) burgoo, pap, plash, loblolly, podge porter: (n) doorkeeper, carrier, gatekeeper, doorman, caretaker, ostiary, commissionaire, redcap, labourer, conveyer, concierge portion: (n, v) division, lot, allot, dividend, divide; (n) piece, parcel, fragment, component, section; (adj, n) constituent. ANTONYM: (n) whole possibility: (n) opportunity, chance, likelihood, opening, probability, expectancy, potential, eventuality, occasion, odds, prospect. ANTONYM: (n) impossibility post: (n, v) place, position, stake, station; (n) office, function, pillar, attitude; (v) locate, enter, lay power: (n, v) might, ability, influence, dominion, faculty; (n) potency, energy, control, authority, domination, strength. ANTONYMS: (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, inability, subjugation, moderation, calmness, meekness, inferiority, feebleness, ease powerful: (adj) potent, muscular, strong, hard, able, brawny, vigorous, energetic, intense; (adj, adv) mighty; (adj, prep) forcible. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, mild, unimportant, calm, faint, frail, gentle, ineffective, modest, insignificant, lightweight powers: (n) authority, capacity, strength, administration practice: (n, v) exercise, drill, discipline, use; (n) fashion, convention, habitude, habit, experience, form, observance. ANTONYMS: (n) theory, innovation; (v) perform praise: (v) approve, extol, flatter, celebrate, glorify; (n, v) commend, compliment, honor, glory, acclaim; (n) applause. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, disparagement; (v) reprimand, disparage, reproach, scold, belittle, rebuke, chastise, denigrate, sully prattle: (n, v) gossip, babble, chat, gab, jabber, chitchat; (adj, n, v) chatter, prate, palaver; (v) cackle, clack

173 pray: (v) beg, implore, entreat, crave, invite, plead, beseech, appeal, importune, adjure, invoke. ANTONYM: (v) reject preceding: (adj, adv) anterior, earlier; (adj) foregoing, former, previous, prior, past, precedent, prevenient; (adv) forward; (prep) before. ANTONYMS: (adj) following, succeeding, next, present precious: (adj, n) beloved; (adj) valuable, costly, cherished, invaluable, expensive, golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite; (n) darling. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap, hated, shabby preciseness: (n) accuracy, precision, exactitude, meticulousness, fidelity, clearcutness, nicety, correctness, rigor, carefulness, care preface: (n, v) prelude, preamble, proem; (n) beginning, introduction, preliminary, exordium, overture; (v) introduce, precede, premise. ANTONYMS: (n) addendum, conclusion, postscript prefer: (v) pick, elevate, like, elect, opt, advance, favor, want, select, promote, favour. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, refuse prejudice: (n, v) harm, hurt, damage; (v) influence, predispose, injure; (n) disadvantage, partiality, preconceived notion, discrimination, preconception. ANTONYMS: (n) tolerance, fairness, impartiality, justice, broadmindedness; (v) enhance prelate: (n) primate, clergyman, high priest, archpriest, hierarch, reverend, archbishop, minister, diocesan, usher, reverence premeditated: (adj) intentional, planned, designed, conscious, calculated, studied, intended, prearranged; (v) prepense; (adj, v) aforethought, premeditate. ANTONYMS: (adj) accidental, ingenuous, spontaneous, unintentional, unpremeditated, automatic, casual prepared: (adj) willing, disposed, fitted, fain, finished, ready, ripe, primed, competent, inclined, efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, unarmed, reluctant, unwilling presage: (v) foretell, foreshadow, indicate, portend, augur, prognosticate, predict; (n, v) forebode; (n) foreboding, portent, sign

174 presence: (n) front, manner, mien, bearing, carriage, figure, air, comportment, demeanor, company; (n, v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) absence, nonattendance present: (adj, n, v) gift, grant; (n, v) donation, display; (adj, v) confer, bestow; (v) introduce, give, prefer, offer, perform. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, withhold, consume, take; (adj) missing, lost, dated, historical; (adj, n) past, future; (n) history presented: (adj) conferred, offered, given, presenting, existing, accessible, obtainable, to be had, on hand presently: (adv) instantly, directly, currently, before long, shortly, soon, now, at present, readily, just, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, now, formerly preserved: (adj) kept, conserved, whole, pickled, condite, safe. ANTONYM: (adj) fresh presume: (v) dare, consider, believe, think, infer, guess, expect, esteem, conclude, suppose, conjecture. ANTONYMS: (v) appreciate, despair, speculate presumption: (n) effrontery, confidence, assurance, premise, arrogance, guess, conjecture, surmise, insolence, impertinence, belief. ANTONYM: (n) respect pretend: (adv, v) assume; (adj, v) sham, counterfeit, fake, play; (v) dissimulate, dissemble, make believe, imagine, affect, act. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) real; (adj) genuine, natural, sincere prevail: (n, v) triumph, control, govern; (v) dominate, overcome, outweigh, obtain, persist, carry, vanquish; (adj) preponderate. ANTONYM: (v) lose prey: (n) chase, game, victim, immolation, quarry, target, mark, capture; (n, v) plunder, raven; (v) eat. ANTONYMS: (n) hunter, predator pride: (n) arrogance, conceit, egotism, vanity, lordliness, assumption, insolence, disdain, hauteur; (n, v) boast; (v) plume. ANTONYMS: (n) modesty, sorrow, dregs, disgrace, shame, baseness priest: (adj, n) clergyman, divine; (n) minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, pastor, celebrant, parson, cleric, presbyter, chaplain prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, duke, king, chief, maharaja,

King Henry VI, Part I maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke princely: (adj, v) August, grand, great, lordly, dignified, stately; (adj) generous, munificent, majestic, magnificent, gorgeous. ANTONYM: (adj) ungenerous princess: (n) queen, duchess, begum, czarina, maharani, monarch, archduchess, lady, patrician, maharanee, mopsey prison: (n) calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, chokey, college, prison house, limbo, confine, custody prisoner: (n) captive, hostage, jailbird, accused, con, gaolbird, criminal, detainee, inmate, defendant, unfortunate prithee: (v) pray; (int) prythee private: (adj) clandestine, personal, secret, individual, hidden, inner, exclusive, intimate, esoteric; (adj, v) covert, close. ANTONYMS: (adj) official, nationalized, community, communal, shared, civic, state, open, external, commercial, collective privilege: (n) liberty, prerogative, immunity, freedom, grant, franchise, exemption, concession, claim; (n, v) license, permit. ANTONYM: (n) insult privileged: (adj) exclusive, confidential, inside, free, favored, inner, vested, advantaged; (adj, v) sanctioned; (n) prerogative; (v) warranted. ANTONYMS: (adj) underprivileged, poor, deprived, public, harsh, Standard prize: (v) appreciate, esteem, value, cherish, admire; (n) plunder, award, booty, premium; (n, v) treasure, honor. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, scorn, hate; (n) dud proceed: (v) move, advance, originate, ensue, flow, issue, arise, emanate; (adj, v) pass, run, extend. ANTONYMS: (v) discontinue, recede, regress, return, retreat proceeding: (n) matter, transaction, affair, procedure, lawsuit, proceedings; (v) deed, act; (n, v) measure; (adv, n) happening; (adj, adv, v) going on process: (n, v) action, course, function, act; (n) proceeding, operation, method, procedure, formula, outgrowth; (v) refine. ANTONYM: (v) contaminate procession: (n) march, convoy, cortege, cavalcade, file, string, pageant, series, sequence, progress,

column proclaim: (v) declare, assert, advertise, broadcast, promulgate, enunciate, herald, decree, divulge, notify, annunciate procure: (v) get, obtain, buy, earn, win, gain, have, purchase, induce, derive, find. ANTONYM: (v) give produced: (v) producing; (adj) formed, manufactured, bent, fashioned, shaped, twisted, wrought profession: (n) employment, declaration, occupation, affirmation, calling, career, vocation, job, position, assertion, assurance. ANTONYM: (n) denial professors: (n) faculty proffer: (n, v) bid; (v) give, present, advance, extend, propose, provide, submit; (n) overture, proposition, suggestion. ANTONYM: (v) refuse progenitors: (n) lineage progeny: (n) posterity, child, children, family, lineage, successor, seed; (n, v) issue, breed, brood, generation promise: (n, v) covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, bargain; (v) augur, assure; (n) engagement, assurance, plight, word promised: (adj) pledged, affianced, betrothed, busy, devoted, employed, greatly interested, intended, involved; (v) benempt, named pronouncing: (v) pronounce; (n) pronunciation, utterance proof: (n) confirmation, probation, authentication, sign, substantiation, evidence, verification, validation, argument, experiment, indication. ANTONYM: (n) contradiction proper: (adj) due, decent, modest, agreeable, fitting, legitimate, right; (adj, v) correct, fit, becoming; (adj, n) just. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, wrong, unseemly, rude, unconventional, unsuitable, false, relaxed, vulgar, unreasonable, undue prophecy: (n) oracle, augury, prognostication, forecast, vaticination, prevision, prediction, prognosis, omen, revelation, foreboding prophesy: (n, v) presage; (v) prognosticate, foretell, augur, foreshow, forecast, portend, foreshadow, forebode, bode, anticipate prophet: (n) augur, oracle, vaticinator, seer, predictor, diviner, forecaster, visionary, foreteller,

William Shakespeare priest, clairvoyant prophetess: (n) seeress, pythoness, clairvoyant, prophet, oracle, Druidess proportion: (n) balance, degree, ratio, portion, slice, share, dimension, equilibrium, equipoise, fraction; (n, v) scale. ANTONYMS: (n) disproportion, asymmetry prosper: (v) advance, flower, thrive, grow, bloom, succeed, boom, get ahead, get on; (adj) luxuriate; (n, v) fare. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate, collapse, decrease, dwindle, decline prosperous: (adj, n) lucky, auspicious, fortunate; (adj) flourishing, favorable, opulent, easy, comfortable, affluent, advantageous, successful. ANTONYMS: (adj) depressed, unsuccessful, failing, underprivileged, impoverished prostrate: (adj, v) prone, exhaust, level, fatigue; (v) fell, overwhelm, overcome, floor, overthrow; (adj) deject, knock down. ANTONYM: (adj) upright protect: (v) keep, cover, preserve, safeguard, conserve, vindicate, screen, save; (n, v) guard, hide, ward. ANTONYMS: (v) expose, neglect, risk, intimidate, destroy, harm, endanger, reveal protector: (n) guard, guardian, patron, champion, custodian, conservator, escort, hero, paladin, supporter, benefactor protest: (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question; (v) assert, object, complain, remonstrate, demur; (n, v) moan. ANTONYMS: (n, v) support, praise; (n) approval, acceptance; (v) approve, agree protract: (v) extend, draw out, delay, lengthen, defer, procrastinate, continue, postpone, elongate, keep up; (adj) produce. ANTONYMS: (v) curtail, shorten, quit proud: (adj) lofty, disdainful, haughty, exalted, egotistical, gallant, pompous, lordly, majestic, overbearing; (adj, v) dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, sorrowful, disappointed, miserable proudly: (adv) haughtily, arrogantly, superciliously, boastfully, vainly, splendidly, stately, loftily, snootily, disdainfully, conceitedly. ANTONYMS: (adv) humbly, modestly prove: (v) attest, manifest, evidence,

establish, show, examine, verify, essay, check, corroborate; (adj, v) confirm. ANTONYMS: (v) refute, undermine proved: (adj) tried, established, tested, qualified, genuine, demonstrable, apparent, confirmed, reliable, faithful provender: (n) provisions, food, nourishment, pasturage, victuals, viands, sustenance, commissariat, cud, eatage; (n, v) nurture provide: (v) contribute, furnish, offer, cater, supply, afford, equip, administer, accommodate, allow, fit. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold, divest, neglect, take, buy provinces: (n) distance provoke: (n, v) excite; (v) defy, offend, enrage, anger, irritate, arouse, kindle, inflame, invite, get. ANTONYMS: (v) please, soothe, mollify, deter, inhibit, dampen, arbitrate, allay, defuse, discourage, douse provoked: (adj, prep) exasperated, inflamed; (adj) irritated, aggravated, infuriated, indignant, irate, huffy, hot, excited; (adv) up in arms. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, gratuitous, pleased public: (n) folk, people, populace; (adj) national, overt, civic, communal, popular; (adj, v) general, open; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) private, confidential, personal, individual, privileged, restricted, unknown, home, secret pull: (n, v) draw, drag, pluck, tug, wrench, jerk; (v) draught, haul, attract, pick; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, shove, leave; (n) repulsion, repulsiveness puny: (adj) weak, petty, feeble, frail, tiny, small, minute, measly, runty, paltry, trivial. ANTONYMS: (adj) muscular, brawny, strong, significant, fit, huge, enormous, robust, considerable purblind: (adj) obtuse, opaque, dim, dumb, myopic, nearsighted, dense, dull, blinding, visually impaired; (v) shortsighted pure: (adj) absolute, natural, faultless, innocent, immaculate, perfect, good, clean; (adj, n) chaste, genuine; (adj, v) mere. ANTONYMS: (adj) contaminated, dishonored, diluted, tainted, wicked, practical, polluted, flawed, marred, unsaturated, unchaste

175 purpose: (n, v) plan, intention, design, project, resolve, purport, end, object; (n) mind, effect, motive. ANTONYM: (n) weakness pursuit: (n) quest, hunt, search, persecution, chase, career, interest, job, business, performance, employment quagmire: (n) bog, marsh, morass, swamp, fen, quag, marish, moss, marshland; (adj) mud, slough. ANTONYM: (n) desert quaint: (adj) odd, funny, picturesque, comical, fanciful, curious, whimsical, strange, queer, peculiar, droll. ANTONYMS: (adj) modern, ordinary, dull quake: (n) earthquake; (n, v) tremor, tremble, shudder, shake; (adj, n, v) shiver; (v) quail, flutter, flicker, vibrate, fluctuate qualities: (n) character, disposition, nature, spirit, tone, quality, role, self, part, traits, individuality quarrel: (adj, n, v) dispute; (n, v) fight, feud, brawl, row, altercation, argue, conflict, squabble; (n) dissension, difference. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, reconciliation, acceptance, concord, consensus; (v) agree quarter: (n) part, district, neighbourhood, division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction, portion; (n, v) place; (v) lodge. ANTONYM: (v) evict quartering: (n) housing, lodging, quarter, quartered, quarters, coat of arms, blazonry, blazon, arms, quartation, division quarters: (n) abode, domicile, lodging, residence, quarter, diggings, pad, digs, lodgings, accommodation, barracks queen: (n) king, lady, sovereign, monarch, dame, pansy, queer, faggot, princess, fairy, czarina quell: (adj, v) appease, pacify, calm; (v) overpower, crush, allay, put down, suppress, conquer, defeat, quash. ANTONYMS: (v) prompt, submit, resist, aggravate, incite question: (n, v) query, distrust, interrogate, matter, challenge, demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate, inquire, contest, examine. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise, reply, believe, accept quick: (adj) bright, hasty, agile, nimble, intelligent, clever, speedy, active, immediate, instant; (adj, v)

176 prompt. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, dull, dim, thick, unintelligent, thorough, inept, unobservant, lengthy, long, permanent quickly: (adv) promptly, rapidly, expeditiously, readily, speedily, swiftly, suddenly, hastily; (adj, adv) immediately, shortly; (adv, n) instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently, later, eventually, thoroughly quid: (n) pound, cud, plug, British pound, pound sterling, lb, deal, hack, great deal; (n, v) chew; (adj) nicotine quiet: (adj, adv, v) still; (adj, n, v) lull, hush, pacify, compose, appease, assuage; (adj, v) moderate, cool; (adj, adv) gentle, motionless. ANTONYMS: (adj) noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, oratorical, fierce, vocal, unquiet, busy, disordered; (n) noise quietly: (adv) stilly, calmly, peacefully, silently, softly, smoothly, tranquilly, serenely, restfully, lully, moderately. ANTONYMS: (adv) loudly, harshly, raucously, vociferously, anxiously, energetically, manically, unquietly, clearly, heavily, brashly quietness: (n) quiet, serenity, calm, calmness, peacefulness, repose, hush, composure, quietude, silence, stillness. ANTONYMS: (n) volume, disturbance, loudness, bustle, wildness, turbulence, noise, turmoil, brashness, boldness, movement quite: (adj, adv) altogether, fully, sheer, just; (adv) all, absolutely, completely, entirely, exactly, enough, well. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, slightly, insufficiently, partially quittance: (n) payment, absolution, acquittance, remission, indemnity, recompense, repayment, excuse, compensation, receipt; (v) quit rage: (adj, n, v) fume, bluster; (adj, n) wrath, indignation, frenzy, mania; (n) passion, anger, craze, exasperation; (n, v) storm. ANTONYMS: (n) gentleness, composure, calm, equanimity, pleasure, serenity raging: (adj) hot, angry, fierce, irate, wild, infuriated, enraged, vehement, heated; (adj, n) mad, rabid. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, mild, contained railing: (n) balustrade, rail, barrier,

King Henry VI, Part I guardrail, banister, fence, pale, paling, breastwork, handrail; (adj, n) invective rain: (n, v) stream, hail; (n) precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, downpour, rainwater; (v) precipitate, shower, rain down. ANTONYM: (v) drizzle raise: (n, v) lift, boost, increase; (v) erect, hoist, grow, enhance, build, elevate, promote, foster. ANTONYMS: (n, v) downgrade; (v) lessen, demote, decrease, level, reduce, dismantle, knock; (n) lowering, reduction, descent rancorous: (adj) malicious, vindictive, malevolent, venomous, spiteful, resentful, hostile, virulent, malign, vengeful, vicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, harmonious, loving, willing random: (adj) accidental, aimless, patchy, irregular, fortuitous, arbitrary, casual, indiscriminate, incidental; (n) chance, accident. ANTONYMS: (adj) systematic, nonrandom, regular, predictable, ordered, logical, exact, discerning, methodical, organized, deliberate ransom: (v) redeem, repair, extricate; (n, v) rescue, blackmail, repurchase; (n) deliverance, ransom money, assessment, benevolence, excise rare: (adj) uncommon, thin, unusual, seldom, scarce, precious, exceptional, infrequent, few, choice, fine. ANTONYMS: (adj) common, frequent, usual, plentiful, commonplace, recurrent rashly: (adj, adv) hastily, headlong; (adv) thoughtlessly, recklessly, impetuously, imprudently, carelessly, indiscreetly, headily, heedlessly, wildly. ANTONYMS: (adv) thoughtfully, prudently, late, pensively, sensibly, responsibly, cautiously, deliberately, patiently rather: (adv) a little, enough, fairly, pretty, moderately, considerably, very, relatively, kind of, instead, kinda. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, absolutely; (adj) complete ratsbane: (n) marsh gas, raticide, rat poison ravenous: (adj) hungry, greedy, avid, famished, gluttonous, voracious, rapacious, insatiable, edacious, covetous, predatory. ANTONYM: (adj) moderate ravish: (v) charm, enrapture, rape, violate, delight, captivate, defile, deflower, force, transport, enchant.

ANTONYM: (v) disenchant rays: (n) light, sunlight, Selachii, dogfishes, elasmobranch, Elasmobranchii, emission, daylight, sunshine, selachian, subclass Elasmobranchii readiness: (n) facility, ease, expedition, preparation, promptness, knack, dexterity, eagerness, quickness, fitness; (adj, n) alacrity. ANTONYMS: (n) reluctance, delay ready: (v) prepare, fix; (adj, v) fit, disposed, willing; (adj) quick, prompt, nimble, apt; (adj, n) available, dexterous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, unavailable, unready, unripe, difficult, unenthusiastic, young realm: (n) area, domain, field, country, region, nation, department, arena, land, empire, ground rearward: (adj, adv) back; (adj, n) rear; (adv) astern, backwards, abaft, aback, after, rearwards, aft; (n) backside; (adj) reverse reason: (n) account, intellect, occasion, object, understanding, argument, purpose; (n, v) cause; (v) argue, debate; (adj, n) rationality. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsistency, disincentive reasonless: (adj) causeless, unreasonable, irrational, mindless, insensate, senseless, fallacious, fatuous, gratuitous, inane, insensible reasons: (n) proof rebellious: (adj) insubordinate, mutinous, disaffected, defiant, disobedient, contrary, contumacious, insurgent, stubborn, unruly, malcontent. ANTONYMS: (adj) docile, conventional, obedient, conformist, content, conforming, cooperative, loyal, meek, submissive, obliging receive: (v) get, admit, assume, have, welcome, bear, obtain, adopt, make, greet, embrace. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, disburse, lose, mail, present, spend, dispatch recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse. ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive; (n) penalty recover: (v) reclaim, get back, recuperate, retrieve, regain, pick up, get well, restore, heal, convalesce, mend. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, die,

William Shakespeare decline, aggravate, abandon, worsen, scatter redeem: (v) recover, deliver, atone, recoup, expiate, ransom, reclaim, save, free, extricate, refund. ANTONYMS: (v) hock, pawn, lose redoubted: (adj) bold, stalworth, brave, eminent, noted, renowned, reputable, respectable, daring redress: (n, v) cure, correct, recompense, help; (v) compensate, indemnify, expiate, rectify, atone; (n) indemnification, amends. ANTONYM: (v) wrong re-enter: (v) return, come back reflex: (adj) involuntary, instinctive, unconscious, catoptric; (v) reflection, reflexion, resilient; (n) reaction, burping, eructation, physiological reaction. ANTONYMS: (adj) voluntary, deliberate refuge: (n) sanctuary, asylum, safety, retreat, cover, harborage, haven, shelter, harbor; (n, v) recourse, resort regal: (adj) noble, imperial, grand, purple, royal, dignified, kingly, August, imposing, stately, magnificent. ANTONYMS: (adj) undignified, modest, poor regard: (n, v) respect, esteem, attention, heed, concern, note; (adj, n, v) notice; (v) estimate, believe; (adj, v) attend; (n) deference. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect, disesteem, inattentiveness, disdain, detachment, infamy; (v) ignore, scorn, disregard regards: (v) regard, esteem, respect, consideration, honor, motive; (adj) abord, devoir; (n) greeting, relation, duty regent: (n) trustee, experrection, protector, viceregent, vizier, vicar, superintendent, curator, governor, viceroy; (adj) regnant regions: (n) area, region, parts reguerdon: (n) recompense, meed, guerdon, remuneration, reward rehearse: (v) recount, recite, repeat, exercise, practice, relate, drill, enumerate, tell, say, practise. ANTONYM: (v) perform reign: (v) govern, command, predominate, dominate, prevail; (n) dominance, dominion, control, government, administration, kingdom relent: (v) give, give in, melt, soften, moderate, ease, submit, cede, relax, capitulate; (adj) remit. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, strengthen, resist, stand

relieve: (n, v) ease, assuage, mitigate, alleviate, allay, calm, redress; (v) free, help, console, excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) burden, aggravate, exacerbate, harbor, enforce, include, upset, depress relieving: (adj) pertinent, comforting, applicable; (n) encouragement religion: (n) piety, faith, creed, cult, sect, denomination, church, devotion, paganism, persuasion, holiness religious: (adj, v) devout; (adj) sacred, divine, saintly, holy, godly, scrupulous, devoted; (n) monk, nun, friar. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreverent, irreligious, slapdash, atheistic, impious, uncommitted remains: (n) debris, corpse, relic, carcass, body, rest, clay, vestige; (adj, n) remainder, remnant; (n, v) trace remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend, relieve, correct; (n) drug. ANTONYM: (n) poison remember: (v) commemorate, recognize, recollect, recall, consider, memorize, think, mind, call to mind, retain, bear in mind. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect, overlook remiss: (adj) neglectful, careless, inattentive, delinquent, lazy, lax, derelict, heedless, backward, slow, laggard. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) diligent; (v) careful, painstaking; (adj) prompt remorse: (n) penitence, contrition, repentance, regret, guilt, penance, sorrow, grief, qualm, ruefulness, compassion. ANTONYM: (n) shamelessness removing: (adj) departing rend: (v) pull, lacerate, break, divide, rive, tear, disrupt, mangle; (n, v) rip, split, slash renew: (v) renovate, rejuvenate, restore, refresh, refurbish, modernize, revive, overhaul, reinstate, reiterate, mend. ANTONYMS: (v) reduce, kill renounce: (v) abandon, abdicate, abjure, relinquish, desert, reject, give up, disown, deny, quit, forgo. ANTONYMS: (v) acknowledge, reassert, assert, continue, retain, persist renown: (n, v) fame; (n) glory, distinction, eminence, notoriety, kudos, name, popularity, prestige, prominence, honor. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, commonness; (adj)

177 anonymity renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious; (adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, eminent, distinguished, great, notorious, well-known. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, anonymous, undistinguished repair: (n, v) redress, mend, correct, cure, overhaul, fix; (v) patch, restore, doctor, renovate, compensate. ANTONYMS: (v) injure, arrive, wreck, worsen; (n) breaking, wrecking repine: (v) kick, grumble, regret, quetch, murmur, brood, mourn, languish, whine, lament; (n) sink replete: (adj) fraught, profuse, excessive, inordinate, exuberant, overmuch, satisfied; (v) fill, take, satiate, cloy. ANTONYM: (adj) hungry report: (n, v) account, gossip, name, record; (n) description, notice, recital, story, notification; (v) describe, recount reports: (n) correspondence, data, intelligence, news represent: (adj, v) express; (v) depict, play, exemplify, act, be, illustrate, describe, embody, enact, make. ANTONYMS: (v) prosecute, oppose represented: (adj) delineate, depicted, representing, drawn, painted, pictured, diagrammatic reproach: (n, v) blame, rebuke, charge, abuse, disgrace, reprimand, invective; (v) accuse, chide, condemn; (n) condemnation. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise; (v) commend, approve; (n) compliment, commendation, approval repugn: (v) challenge, oppose, gainsay, contend, contest, dispute, withstand, resist, grapple, challenged, reluctate rescue: (n, v) release, ransom, salvage; (n) deliverance, delivery, relieve; (v) extricate, recover, free, save, redeem. ANTONYMS: (n) involvement, loss, abandonment, downfall; (n, v) capture; (v) endanger, lose, aggravate rescued: (adj) saved, protected resident: (n) occupant, dweller, tenant, occupier, lodger, denizen, citizen, house physician; (adj, n) native; (adj, n, v) resiant; (adj) inmate. ANTONYMS: (n) drifter, tramp, stranger, visitor, foreigner; (adj) migratory, nonresident resolute: (adj, n) constant, firm, fixed,

178 steady; (adj, v) determined; (adj) inflexible, brave, adamant, dogged, unbending, courageous. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, uncertain, uncommitted, timid, fickle, feeble, indecisive, flexible, flippant, hesitant, undecided resolve: (n, v) purpose; (v) determine, solve, decide, dissolve, decompose, settle; (n) determination, firmness, decision, resolution. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, irresoluteness, vacillation, cowardice, flexibility, indecisiveness, indifference; (v) aggravate, complicate, exacerbate, waver resolved: (adj, v) resolute, firm, certain; (adj) fixed, definite, set, decided, conclusive, intent, solved, positive. ANTONYMS: (adj) undecided, flexible, irresolute, unconfirmed, uncertain respite: (n, v) pause, rest, lull; (n) repose, intermission, recess, break, remission, relief, cessation, interruption rest: (adj, n) remnant, remainder, residue; (n, v) pause, balance, nap, relaxation, sleep; (n) recess, leisure; (v) remain. ANTONYMS: (n) activity, agitation, intensification; (v) change, stand, deteriorate rested: (adj) comfortable restored: (adj) new, healthy, comfortable, convalescent retire: (v) resign, retreat, withdraw, leave, abdicate, ebb, depart, turn in, fall back, hit the hay, go to bed. ANTONYMS: (v) remain, enter retiring: (adj) humble, diffident, bashful, reserved, unassuming, unobtrusive, timid, coy, shy, sheepish, meek. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, bold, outgoing, forward, incoming, arrogant, brash, sociable retreat: (v) retire, withdraw, depart; (n) refuge, departure, asylum, den, lair, retirement; (n, v) resort, return. ANTONYMS: (n) raid, development, extension, arrival, company; (v) progress, remain return: (v) recur, reimburse, restore; (n, v) pay, restitution, recompense, refund, restoration, render, retort; (n) proceeds. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, confiscation, abolition, recovery, loss, disappearance, penalty; (v) keep, depart, take, remove reveal: (v) divulge, expose, disclose, impart, betray, detect, convey, exhibit, display, discover, express.

King Henry VI, Part I ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, hide, cover, suppress, withhold revenge: (n) retribution, vengeance, reprisal, retaliation, repayment, grudge, punishment; (v) retaliate, repay, requite, vindicate reverenced: (adj) revered, reverend, sacred, sublime, venerated, August, inspiring awe, emeritus, empyreal, empyrean, profoundly honored reverent: (adj, v) pious, devout, religious; (adj) respectful, holy, deferential, godly, reverential, worshipful, pietistic; (v) devotional. ANTONYMS: (adj) blasphemous, disrespectful, impious, irreverent reverently: (adv) reverentially, piously, religiously, devoutly, deferentially, worshipfully, solemnly, godly, courteously, politely, obsequiously. ANTONYM: (adv) irreverently revive: (v) refresh, invigorate, quicken, renew, renovate, restore, resuscitate, animate, awake, repair, recreate. ANTONYMS: (v) demoralize, kill, slay, stagnate, abandon, die, drain revolt: (n, v) mutiny, rebellion, insurrection; (v) sicken, nauseate, rebel, repel, repulse, offend; (adj, v) shock; (n) uprising. ANTONYMS: (n) attraction; (v) please, delight revolted: (adj) sickened, sick, shocked, horrified, disgusted, appalled revolting: (adj) offensive, loathsome, nasty, foul, detestable, nauseating, nauseous, horrible, hideous, repellent; (adj, v) sickening. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, pleasant, tasty, delicious, edible, lovable, delightful, appealing, lovely revolve: (v) consider, meditate, deliberate, ponder, circle, contemplate, return, circulate, orbit, rotate; (n, v) gyrate righteous: (adj) fair, right, good, moral, virtuous, honest, just, correct, honorable; (adj, n) pious, godly. ANTONYMS: (adj) immoral, wicked, unrighteous, bad, corrupt, unethical, unjust, wrong, poor rightful: (adj) right, lawful, just, justifiable, proper, legal, equitable, licit, real, genuine, true. ANTONYMS: (adj) wrongful, illegal, unlawful, fake rigor: (n) harshness, austerity, grimness, exactness, cruelty, hardness, asperity, inclemency, hardship, precision, strictness.

ANTONYMS: (n) laxness, flexibility rigorously: (adv) severely, strictly, stringently, carefully, harshly, exactly, austerely, closely, narrowly, stiffly, gravely. ANTONYMS: (adv) leniently, lightheartedly, negligently ring: (n, v) encircle, peal, call, loop, jingle; (v) resound, echo, reverberate; (n) gang, band, rim rise: (n, v) mount, lift, increase, heave, swell, jump; (v) ascend, arise; (n) elevation, ascent, progress. ANTONYMS: (n, v) decrease, drop; (v) sink, descend, plummet, retire, set; (n) reduction, descent, depreciation, ruin risen: (v) uprise rites: (n) money, finances, wake, religion rive: (v) rip, rend, split, pull, burst, divide, maul, wedge, rift, crack, tear roar: (n, v) bellow, cry, shout, howl, bark, clatter, holler; (adj, n, v) thunder; (v) bawl; (adj, v) bluster; (adj, n) peal. ANTONYMS: (v) cry, week roaring: (n) bellowing, roar, bellow, thunder; (adj) booming, prosperous, thriving, flourishing, deafening, noisy, boisterous robes: (n) garb, fine clothes, costume, best clothes roof: (n, v) top, cover, shelter; (n) crown, housing, ceiling, dome, house, household, back, covering root: (n) foundation, base, origin, basis, radix, cause, derivation, reason, fountainhead; (adj, n) radical; (v) establish. ANTONYMS: (n) descendant, effect rope: (n, v) lasso, leash, tie, tape; (n) lariat, noose, hawser, line, string, cord, thread rose: (adj) pink, rosaceous, risen, roseate; (n) pink wine, blush wine, rose wine, rosette, brier; (v) flush, redden rough: (adj, n) hard, grating, jagged; (adj, n, v) harsh; (adj) raw, gross, cruel, crude, gruff; (adj, v) hoarse; (n, v) draft. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, silky, soft, sophisticated, refined, polished, precise, exact, pleasant, glossy, even round: (n) bout, circuit, beat; (n, v) ring, compass; (adv, prep) about; (adj) circular, entire; (adj, v) plump; (adj, n, v) turn; (v) gird. ANTONYMS: (adj) sharp, slender, thin, square, harsh, reedy, evasive; (prep) exactly rout: (adj, n, v) defeat; (n, v)

William Shakespeare discomfiture, overthrow, discomfit; (v) conquer, overpower, overcome, crush, beat, overwhelm; (n) flight. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, surrender royal: (adj, adv) regal, majestic; (adj) imperial, magnificent, kingly, noble, brilliant, sovereign, purple, August, princely rude: (adj, n) rough, impudent, coarse, abrupt, bold; (adj) blunt, discourteous, impolite, brutal, crude, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) polite, refined, courteous, chivalrous, civil, proper, decent, exact, clean, gentle, inoffensive ruin: (n) devastation, desolation; (adj, n) downfall; (v) break, consume, demolish, destroy; (n, v) doom, ravage, destruction, damage. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, enhance, save, restore, improve; (n, v) respect; (n) making, success, triumph, rise, preservation rule: (n, v) control, order, govern, decree, influence, line, dominion, regulate, reign; (n) law, ordinance. ANTONYMS: (v) request; (n) option ruled: (adj) lined, lawful, subordinate, subject ruler: (adj, n) governor, rule; (n) lord, potentate, monarch, leader, dynast, prince, dictator, head; (adj) regent rules: (n) regulations, laws, law, ordinance, statute, etiquette, system, instructions, policy ruminate: (v) cogitate, contemplate, muse, ponder, reflect, consider, mull, deliberate, speculate, brood, think rumor: (n) hearsay, talk, news; (n, v) gossip, fame, buzz, bruit, noise, rumour; (v) repute, reputation. ANTONYM: (n) truth rung: (n) rundle, grade, degree, stage, stair, spoke, stave, crosspiece, tread, step; (adj) ringed rush: (n, v) charge, flood, dash, flow, gush, race, run, speed, attack; (adj, n, v) burst; (n) onrush. ANTONYMS: (v) delay, dawdle, linger, wander, amble, hesitate, crawl, trickle; (n) shortage, slowness, unimportance rushing: (adv) rushingly; (n) haste, hurry, hurrying, running, hastening, flush, movement; (adj) flowing, headlong, moving ruthless: (adj) merciless, inhuman, remorseless, heartless, cruel, ferocious, unsparing, relentless, inexorable, harsh, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, charitable,

gentle, compassionate, principled, unmotivated, tolerant sack: (v) plunder, dismiss, ransack, despoil, rob; (n, v) bag, discharge, fire; (n) pocket, sac, pouch. ANTONYMS: (v) hire, detain sacred: (adj) holy, hallowed, dedicated, consecrated, divine, religious, pious, spiritual, inviolable, blessed; (adj, v) solemn. ANTONYMS: (adj) profane, unconsecrated, cursed, breakable safe: (adj) reliable, cautious, good, dependable, sound, harmless, innocuous, correct, innocent, inoffensive; (n) closet. ANTONYMS: (adj) dangerous, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, hurt, insecure, harmful, reckless, unreliable, toxic, injured safely: (adv) surely, safe, certainly, cautiously, soundly, strongly, sure, steadily, harmlessly, unharmedly, unhurtly. ANTONYMS: (adv) harmfully, hazardously, loosely safety: (n) guard, security, refuge, safe, bingle, base hit, sanctuary, asylum, preservation, cover, shelter. ANTONYMS: (n) danger, hazard, instability saint: (v) canonize; (n) holy man, evangelist, apostle, jimdandy, jimhickey, crackerjack, holy person, ideal, apotheosis; (adj) sacred sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) object, account, design, purpose, saki salisbury: (n) Fort Salisbury , capital of Zimbabwe, Harare sally: (n) foray, quip, sortie, crack, joke, wisecrack, coupe de main, attack, onset, jaunt, excursion salt: (adj) salty, saline, briny, brackish, pungent; (v) cure, pickle; (n) salinity, common salt, alkali; (adj, n) spice same: (adj) identical, equal, like, corresponding, equivalent, similar, uniform, even, consistent, matching; (adv) equally. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, varying, another, unlike, other, varied sandy: (adj) gritty, granular, sabulous, arenaceous, powdery, mealy, loose, farinaceous, dusty, sandy laverock, nimble. ANTONYM: (adj) argillaceous sanguine: (adj) hopeful, optimistic, bloody, rubicund, confident, crimson, cheerful, buoyant, sanguineous; (adj, n) red, florid. ANTONYMS: (adj) pessimistic,

179 gloomy, doubtful sapless: (adj) feeble, infirm, weakly, dry, decrepit, weak, faint, thirsty, flat; (v) juiceless, strengthless satisfaction: (n, v) pleasure, gratification, contentment, content; (n) enjoyment, joy, complacency, amends, reparation, redress, recompense. ANTONYMS: (n) displeasure, discontent, aggravation, sorrow, dismay, anxiety saucy: (adj, n) pert; (adj) bold, impudent, audacious, insolent, fresh, forward, impertinent, flippant, rude, brazen. ANTONYM: (adj) respectful save: (v) rescue, hoard, conserve, keep, maintain, preserve, free, protect, liberate; (adv, conj, n, prep) except; (adj, v) economize. ANTONYMS: (v) waste, squander, use, abandon, endanger, capture, asphyxiate, aggravate, destroy saved: (adj) protected, economized, rescued, blessed scabbard: (n) case, vagina, casing, pod, covering, cover, pouch, pocket, fob scale: (adj) balance; (v) mount, climb, ascend; (n) gamut, yardstick, graduation, degree; (n, v) flake, gauge, measure scales: (adj) balance, weighbridge; (n) steelyard, mill Scales scandal: (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, ignominy, detraction, shame scape: (n) flower stalk, peduncle, shaft, scapus, ray, perspective, Peter, prick, prospect, barb, rotating shaft scarce: (adj) rare, insufficient, deficient, infrequent, uncommon, scant, scanty, few, sparse; (adv) just, barely. ANTONYMS: (adj) plentiful, common, adequate, strong, usual, extensive scarecrow: (n) hobgoblin, bugaboo, simulacrum, malkin, frump, ogre, jackstraw, shewel, goblin, ragamuffin; (adj) octopus scared: (adj) afraid, frightened, fearful, anxious, nervous, timid, intimidated, terrified, horrified, panicky; (adj, adv) cowardly. ANTONYMS: (adj) confident, fearless, brave scarlet: (adj) crimson, ruddy, carmine, ruby, sanguine, rubicund, reddish, cerise; (n) vermilion, orange red, redness scene: (n, v) aspect, view, outlook,

180 lookout; (n) background, display, spectacle, picture, environment, panorama, perspective scepter: (n) staff, verge, regalia, wand, sceptre, bauble, sovereignty, stick, reign, brink, power scoffs: (n) derision, jeering, mocking scorn: (v) despise, contemn, reject; (n, v) ridicule, neglect, disregard, deride, slight; (n) contempt, derision, mockery. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect, praise; (v) appreciate, revere, value, approve, admire, accept; (n) admiration, commendation, humility scots: (adj, n) Scottish; (adj) scotch, frugal, economical, avoiding waste; (n) Scotchman, Scots English scourge: (n) curse, blight, affliction, plague, bane, calamity; (v) lash, flagellate, castigate, punish; (n, v) whip scout: (n, v) spy; (n) lookout, pathfinder, talent scout, picket, patrol, detective; (v) explore, reconnoiter, reconnoitre, investigate scroll: (n, v) roll, list, roller, record; (n) curlicue, curl, archive, helix, book, whorl; (v) role scruple: (adj, v) hesitate, demur, pause; (n) hesitation, qualm, misgiving, distrust, objection; (n, v) mistrust; (v) falter, question second: (n) instant, jiffy, flash, minute, sec; (v) back, endorse, help; (n, v) support; (adj) latter, further. ANTONYMS: (adj) top, former; (n) age secret: (adj, v) mysterious, hidden, covert, secluded, confidential; (adj) concealed, furtive, occult, obscure; (adj, n) privacy, secrecy. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) known, public; (adj) open, overt, apparent, unrestricted, external, visible, outermost, transparent, blatant secure: (adj, v) close, firm, fix, certain, confident, fasten, attach, bind; (v) preserve, gain; (adj) reliable. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, detach, unfasten, undo; (adj) vulnerable, unsafe, loose, uncertain, unlocked, uncomfortable, unstable sedition: (n, v) rebellion, insurrection, mutiny; (n) disloyalty, fomentation, disobedience, treason, instigation, violation, unrest, uprising. ANTONYM: (n) loyalty seeing: (prep) because; (adj) Seely, considering; (n) sight, vision, beholding, fusion, visual sense; (v) conceive, comprehend, perceive

King Henry VI, Part I seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt, endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant seem: (v) appear, feel, seeming, loom, expect, show, beseem, sound, glitter, glisten, gleam seen: (adj) visible, clad, beseen, accomplished, discovered, appearing; (v) observe, perceive, conceive, comprehend, understand sell: (v) deal, handle, dispose, betray, give, promote, realize, merchandise, dispose of; (n, v) cheat; (adj) sold. ANTONYMS: (v) buy, wholesale semblance: (adj, n) color; (n) resemblance, appearance, look, aspect, air, image, similarity, pretense, guise, pretext. ANTONYM: (n) difference send: (v) pass, deliver, forward, convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM: (v) keep sending: (n) forwarding, dispatch, transmission, transmittal, send, despatch, mailing, transport, dispatching, dispatchment, conveyance senses: (adj) sober senses, sound mind; (n) reason, mind, conception, consciousness, judgment, faculties, mother wit, right mind, sanity sent: (adj) dispatched, imported, ecstatic, blissful, fascinated, intoxicated; (v) transmit. ANTONYM: (adj) unsent sequestration: (n) separation, confiscation, requisition, damages, deodand, escheat, seclusion, retreat, withdrawal, separatism, privacy. ANTONYM: (n) restoration sergeant: (n) police sergeant, noncom, serjeant, sergeant major, staff sergeant, technical sergeant, corporal, master sergeant, officer, deskman, gunnery sergeant servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress serve: (adj, n, v) avail; (v) assist, aid, act, benefit, tend, attend, operate, function, do; (n, v) officiate service: (n, v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist; (n) aid, employment, assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony; (v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) disservice, damage, hindrance, uselessness servile: (adj) abject, obsequious, base,

fawning, ignoble, sordid, subservient, cringing, slavish; (adj, n) mean, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) bossy, assertive settled: (adj) definite, set, firm, permanent, certain, calm, established, decided, formed, defined, finished. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, exciting, temporary seven: (adj, n) VII; (n) September, septet, week, nine, knave, king, jack, queen, digit, Sevener several: (adj, v) diverse, divers, sundry; (adj, n) a few, some; (adj) various, individual, different, particular, special, numerous. ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, all, none severally: (adv) separately, respectively, singly, variously, sundrily, independently, particularly, several, distinctly, apart; (adj, adv) one by one severe: (adj, n) rigid, austere, inclement, rough, hard; (adj, v) biting, cutting; (adj) rigorous, bad, intense, heavy. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, lenient, slight, easy, lax, cordial, kindly, kind, approving, funny, moderate severity: (n) rigor, austerity, harshness, roughness, intensity, inclemency, asperity, gravity, hardness, tyranny, violence. ANTONYMS: (n) leniency, pleasantness, flexibility, clemency, softness, insignificance, warmth, lenience, brightness shade: (n, v) screen, tinge, shadow, tint, color, cloud; (n) ghost, hue, blind, conceal, tone. ANTONYMS: (n) brightness, glare; (v) brighten, clarify, expose shadow: (n) ghost, darkness, apparition, follower, gloom, reflection; (n, v) eclipse, trace, tail, hint; (v) follow. ANTONYMS: (v) brighten, lead; (n) brightness, pallor shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave shallow: (adj) superficial, low, cursory, petty, little, sketchy, flimsy, frivolous, simple, surface, perfunctory. ANTONYMS: (adj) bottomless, profound, intense, pensive, serious, inner, weighty shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, discredit, humiliate, degrade,

William Shakespeare chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, scandal, insult; (v) abash. ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, making, worthiness; (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, dignify shamefully: (adv) ignominiously, ingloriously, scandalously, infamously, shockingly, discreditably, basely, outrageously; (adv, v) dishonorably, foully, nastily. ANTONYMS: (adv) commendably, compassionately, nobly shameless: (adj) bold, immodest, profligate, depraved, audacious, blatant, barefaced, unscrupulous, impudent, unblushing; (adj, v) graceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) restrained, abashed, ashamed, discreet, prudish, apologetic shape: (n, v) cast, mold, fashion, mould, model, make, design; (n) pattern, figure; (v) determine, influence sharp: (adj, n, v) keen, acute, bitter; (adj) intelligent, intense, incisive; (adj, v) biting, acid, acrid, severe, harsh. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, mild, gentle, sweet, rounded, bland, round, smooth, blurred, naive, kind shed: (v) discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, cast off, dismiss; (n) shack, hut, cabin. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, cover; (adj) persistent sheep: (n) goat, ram, tup, ewe, cattle, follower, Bovidae, stock, simple, simpleton, family Bovidae shepherd: (n) clergyman, sheepman, minister, herdsman, sheepherder, priest, presbyter; (v) lead, conduct, guide, guard shift: (n, v) change, exchange, turn, interchange, quibble, switch, move; (v) remove, budge, convert, alter. ANTONYMS: (v) restore, leave, straighten; (n) preservation, stillness shine: (n, v) light, sheen, flash, glitter, sparkle, polish, rub; (v) burnish, gleam, blaze; (n) radiance shining: (adj, v) brilliant; (adj) lustrous, radiant, glossy, luminous, glorious, glowing; (adj, n) lucid, resplendent, clear; (v) shine. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, pale, blemished shipping: (n) transport, forwarding, sending, transportation, shipment, navigation, carriage, conveyance, dispatch, freightage, ferry shipwreck: (n, v) ruin; (adj, v) sink;

(v) defeat, scuttle, destroy, fail; (n) hulk, accident, wreckage, wrack, ruination shoot: (v) discharge, flash, drive, dart, dash, send, photograph; (n) scion, branch; (n, v) sprout, hunt. ANTONYM: (v) trickle short: (adj, v) concise, close; (adj) scarce, curt, brusque, sharp, compendious, laconic, deficient, scanty, diminutive. ANTONYMS: (adj) long, high, lengthy, unabridged, sufficient, slender, rangy, rambling, overlong, extended, plentiful shortened: (adj) abridged, cut, short, condensed, curtailed, reduced, cut short, scarce, unfinished, truncated, telescoped shortly: (adv) presently, curtly, before long, soon, concisely, brusquely, abruptly, tersely, succinctly; (adj, adv) immediately, summarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) politely, pleasantly, verbosely, later shot: (n) injection, gunshot, go, fling, shoot, crack, ball, picture, bang, jab, discharge shouldering: (n) assumption show: (adj, n, v) present, appearance; (n, v) exhibit, produce, broadcast, indicate, parade; (v) point out; (n) presentation, ostentation; (adj, v) guide. ANTONYMS: (v) disprove, hide, withhold, suppress, disappear, cover, absorb; (n) concealment shrewd: (adj) sharp, astute, keen, piercing, clever, cunning, bright; (adj, v) sagacious, knowing, crafty, prudent. ANTONYMS: (adj) foolish, gullible, naive, soft, candid, dim, innocent, guileless, obtuse, indiscriminate shrink: (adj, v) recoil; (n, v) flinch, wince; (v) contract, shorten, lessen, diminish, cower, reduce, quail, decrease. ANTONYMS: (v) increase, enlarge, grow, stretch, swell, bloom, rise, inflate shrinking: (n) contraction, recoil, reduction, decrease, condensation; (n, v) lessening; (adj) timid, fearful, shy, bashful; (adj, adv) cowardly. ANTONYM: (adj) confident shut: (v) seal, bar, fasten, obstruct, lock, exclude; (adj) closed, cut; (n) shutting, end, finish. ANTONYMS: (v) admit, undo sick: (adj) ill, queasy, poorly, ailing, weary, diseased, sickly, morbid; (adj, v) indisposed, unwell; (adj, n) invalid. ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy,

181 fond, wholesome sickness: (n, v) disease, indisposition, malady, disorder, distemper, ailment; (n) complaint, qualm, nausea, disgust, queasiness side: (n) rim, faction, brink, direction, hand, aspect, margin; (adj, n) part; (n, v) party, border, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, central, major, primary; (n) back, front, center, middle; (v) straddle siege: (n) blockade, envelopment, encirclement, investment, besieging; (v) beleaguer, encompass, environ, envelop, encircle, beset sight: (n, v) vision, glimpse, show, aspect, appearance; (v) aim, spot, see; (n) view, prospect, scene sign: (n, v) mark, motion, gesture; (n) portent, indication, manifestation, imprint, presage, brand, poster; (v) indicate. ANTONYMS: (n) successor; (v) dismiss signal: (n, v) omen, gesture, presage, wave, alert; (n) indication, flag, alarm; (v) indicate; (adj, n) salient, prominent. ANTONYMS: (adj) inconspicuous, ordinary signs: (n) situation, indications, signage, appearances, cipher, cryptogram, discriminating marks, indicia, secret code, secret language, symbols silence: (adj, n, v) calm, still; (int, n, v) hush; (n, v) lull; (n) mum; (adj, v) appease; (v) mute, allay, pacify, muzzle; (int, v) shut up. ANTONYMS: (n) sound, openness, uproar, movement; (v) amplify, Louden, encourage, rouse silly: (adj) ridiculous, absurd, childish, fatuous, irrational, frivolous, idiotic, preposterous, unreasonable; (adj, n) fool; (n) imbecile. ANTONYMS: (adj) mature, wise, rational, clever, advisable, profound, reasonable, responsible, significant simple: (adj, n) plain, humble, innocent, rustic; (adj) homely, elementary, natural; (adj, v) pure, clear, mere, downright. ANTONYMS: (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate, problematical, sophisticated, confusing since: (adv, conj, prep) because, seeing that; (adv, prep) afterwards, before; (adv, conj) for, as; (adj, adv) ago; (conj) whereas; (prep) from, of; (adv) after

182 sing: (v) hymn, hum, chirp, drone, intone, vocalize, pipe, carol, snitch; (n, v) twitter, squeak single: (adj) celibate, odd, particular, separate, solitary, isolated, sole, lone, lonely, simple; (adj, n) one. ANTONYMS: (adj) double, multiple, divorced, attached, dual, involved, widowed, general, common; (n) record sire: (v) generate, engender, beget, procreate, mother, get, make; (n) forefather, ancestor, patriarch, pater sirs: (n) gentlemen, messieurs sister: (n) nurse, nun, brother, sisters, older sister, mate, twin, pair, fellow companion, double, match. ANTONYM: (n) brother sixth: (n) common fraction, interval, musical interval, simple fraction skill: (n) artifice, capacity, capability, knack, ability, faculty, finesse, cleverness, expertise; (adj, n) craft, cunning. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, incompetence, uselessness, stupidity, ineptness, tactlessness, inexperience, ignorance, inaccuracy, delay, drawback skirmish: (n, v) fight, combat, battle, conflict, scuffle; (n) encounter, brush, engagement, struggle, confrontation, dispute slack: (adj, v) loose, lax, remiss, slow, dull; (adj) indolent, negligent, idle, flaccid, limp, baggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) strict, taut, thorough, brisk, diligent, attentive, upright, prompt, meticulous; (v) tighten; (n) tautness slain: (v) slay; (adj) overthrown, mat, fallen, dejected, cast down slaughter: (n, v) murder, butcher, defeat; (n) carnage, butchery, bloodshed, drubbing, homicide; (v) kill, assassinate, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) preservation, victory; (v) lose, revive slaughterer: (n) butcher, murderer, knacker, bungler, killer, assassin, blunderer, bumbler, fumbler, botcher, slayer slave: (n) servant, bondman, thrall, bondsman, bondwoman, captive, vassal; (n, v) labor; (v) drudge, work; (adj, n) inferior. ANTONYMS: (adj) free; (v) slack slay: (n, v) murder, assassinate; (v) dispatch, execute, slaughter, destroy, massacre, put to death, remove, finish, butcher sleep: (n, v) nap, repose, doze, kip, slumber, catnap; (adj, n, v) lie; (v)

King Henry VI, Part I hibernate, nod; (n) dream; (adj, v) lodge. ANTONYMS: (v) awaken; (n) alertness, agitation sleeping: (adj) asleep, inactive, latent, sleepy, vegetive, vegetative; (n) dormancy, noctambulism, quiescence, quiescency, short sleep. ANTONYMS: (adj) active; (n) waking slight: (adj, adv) light; (adj) thin, flimsy, slender, fragile, petty, little; (adv, n, v) neglect; (n, v) insult, scorn; (v) ignore. ANTONYMS: (adj) considerable, major, obvious, thickset, severe, wide, fat, intense, heavy, likely; (v) acknowledge sloth: (n) laziness, idleness, indolence, lethargy, lazy, acedia, inactivity, inaction, inertia, listlessness, slothfulness. ANTONYMS: (n) energy, liveliness slothful: (adj) indolent, idle, sluggish, slack, inactive, slow, otiose, faineant, inert, listless; (adj, v) remiss. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, lively, industrious small: (adj) little, narrow, slight, minor, inadequate, petty, fine, insignificant, light, remote; (adj, v) low. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) big; (adj) sizeable, colossal, considerable, enormous, great, huge, bulky, major, giant, important smallest: (adj) least, minimal, littlest, lowest, last, first, negligible, smallest number of, bottom, littler. ANTONYM: (adj) maximum smile: (n) grin, grinning, smiling, luck, facial expression; (v) laugh, beam, chuckle, simper; (n, v) grimace; (adv) smilingly. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scowl; (v) glower smoke: (n) fumes, cigarette, cigar, smog, fog; (n, v) reek, fumigate, puff; (v) exhale, cure; (adj) tobacco smoothed: (adj) round, smoothened, curved. ANTONYM: (adj) sharp smother: (v) stifle, suffocate, choke, muffle, extinguish, put out, suppress, asphyxiate, hush up, gag, repress. ANTONYMS: (v) express, light, encourage snatches: (n) grasp, gain, catch softly: (adv) quietly, mildly, lightly, tenderly, delicately, gently, soft, quiet, silently, kindly, slowly. ANTONYMS: (adv) hoarsely, roughly, loudly, clearly, harshly, forte, severely, strongly, heavily, convincingly, brightly soil: (adj, n) dirt; (adj, v) smudge; (v)

pollute, dirty, contaminate, mire; (n, v) grime; (n) land, dust, earth; (adj, n, v) blot. ANTONYMS: (v) wash, cleanse, purify; (n) sea sold: (adj) depleted, interested; (v) to market soldier: (n) warrior, fighter, serviceman, champion, ranker, military personnel, swordsman, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, janissary soldiers: (n) military, troop, force, the military, troops, defense force, military service, militia, soldiery, Territorial Army, armed forces solemn: (adj, n, v) serious; (adj, v) sober, important, sedate, devout, formal, demure; (adj) heavy, dignified, sacred; (adj, n) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, cheerful, unceremonious, funny, playful, flippant, relaxed sometime: (adv) someday, once, one day, formerly, sooner or later; (adj) quondam, erstwhile, former, old, late; (adj, adv) sometimes soon: (adv) shortly, presently, anon, immediately, directly, at once, before long, betimes, quickly, promptly; (adj, adv) early. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, eventually, later, slowly sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior sorceress: (n) sorcerer, witch, magician, enchanter, warlock, wizard, lamia, necromancer sorcery: (n) charm, incantation, witchcraft, enchantment, black magic, magic, diabolism, necromancy, black art, witchery, diablerie sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, happiness, peace, hopefulness, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice sorry: (adj) pathetic, sorrowful, remorseful, contrite, pitiful, pitiable, piteous, penitent, paltry, base, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) glad, happy, admirable, unremorseful, fine sort: (adj, n, v) class; (n, v) type, group, rank; (n) variety, breed, assortment, form, pattern; (adj, n) manner, description sought: (adj) required, quest, seeking,

William Shakespeare popular soul: (n) creature, human, person, personification, ghost, individual, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n) heart. ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body sound: (n, v) chime, echo, peal; (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, sensible, sane, rational; (adj, v) fit, fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, unreliable, flawed, flimsy, silent, weak, unreasonable; (n) silence; (v) devoice sounded: (adj) measured, oral sovereign: (n) ruler, king, lord, emperor; (adj) independent, autonomous, imperial, royal, free, regal; (adj, n) prince. ANTONYMS: (adj) dependent, ineffective, useless spacious: (adj) broad, extensive, large, wide, ample, commodious, vast, capacious, comprehensive, open, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) cramped, narrow, airless, overcrowded spare: (adj, v) free, reserve, save, thin; (adj) slender, slight, additional, lean; (adj, n) extra, excess; (v) exempt. ANTONYMS: (n) shortfall, original; (adj) principal, fat, basic, abundant, stout; (v) need, include sparkling: (adj, v) effervescent; (adj) bright, brilliant, radiant, glittery, bubbly, glittering, scintillating, shining, scintillant; (n) sparkle. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, dirty, lifeless, lethargic speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v) converse, say, deliver, articulate, recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n) language speaker: (n) loudspeaker, narrator, orator, spokesman, president, conversationalist, rhetorician, chairman, bullhorn, announcer, caller speaking: (n) talk, discourse, speech, public speaking, reading, oral presentation, recital, recitation, disputation; (v) speak; (adj) expressive. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonspeaking, silent speaks: (n) talks spear: (n) harpoon, lance, pike, fizgig, prick, gig, javelin, shaft, halberd; (v) stab, spike special: (adj) particular, rare, limited, individual, especial, different, distinguished, distinct, express, private, separate. ANTONYMS: (adj) general, basic, collective,

everyday, unremarkable, vague, normal, Standard, common, public, universal spectacle: (n) scene, pageant, display, exhibition, phenomenon, appearance, spectacles, view, wonder; (n, v) sight, parade. ANTONYM: (n) understatement sped: (v) done for speech: (n) lecture, expression, language, conversation, sermon, diction, communication; (n, v) delivery, discourse, say, saying speed: (n, v) hurry, hasten, rush, race, dispatch; (v) quicken, run, dash, expedite; (n) velocity, rapidity. ANTONYMS: (n) amble, tardiness; (v) decelerate, hinder, linger, delay, crawl speedy: (adj, v) rapid, prompt, fleet, swift; (adj) fast, agile, ready, immediate, cursory, hurried, brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, plodding spelling: (n) misspelling, spell, orthograph spend: (v) expend, exhaust, squander, pay out, blow, deplete, pass, wear, lead; (adj, v) waste; (n) outlay. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, earn, hoard, keep spent: (adj, v) prostrate; (adj) fatigued, expended, finished, gone, dead, played out, effete, jaded, tired; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (adj) energetic spill: (n, v) overflow, fall, drop, flow, stream; (v) shed, empty, upset, pour, slop, cast spirit: (n, v) courage, mind; (n) mood, ghost, apparition, disposition, energy, essence, soul, phantom; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, body, cowardice, surface, sluggishness, lifelessness, defeatism spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, good humor; (v) wine spiritual: (adj) religious, holy, immaterial, incorporeal, pious, ethereal, mental, psychic, divine, metaphysical, unworldly. ANTONYMS: (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly, tangible, uncommitted spite: (n) malice, grudge, hatred, malevolence, rancour, venom, rancor, maliciousness, ill will, animosity; (n, v) pique. ANTONYMS: (v) please; (n) benevolence, goodwill, love,

183 affection, harmony spleen: (n) spite, anger, resentment, rage, lien, malice, bitterness, rancour, huff, grudge, rancor. ANTONYM: (n) affection spots: (n) damp, drifter, floater, floating policy, muscae volitantes, Musca volitans spread: (n, v) scatter, stretch, increase; (adj, n, v) reach; (v) disperse, expand, propagate, disseminate, diffuse, circulate; (adj, v) extend. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, gather, collect, fold, prevent, regress, shrink, specialize, concentrate; (n) decline; (n, v) decrease spreading: (n) dissemination, propagation, dispersion, circulation, spread, dispersal, extension, scatter, distribution; (adj) scattering, diffusing spring: (n, v) leap, bound, hop, fountain, skip, caper, bounce, dive, dance; (n) source; (v) originate spurn: (v) scorn, rebuff, repulse, disdain, reject, refuse, snub, kick, decline, deny; (n, v) slight. ANTONYMS: (v) admire, court, respect spying: (n) detection, spotting, espial, catching, discovery, maculation, intelligence activity, signal detection, sensing, contracting, intelligence squire: (n, v) escort; (n) landlord, gallant, attendant, beau, gentleman, esquire, landowner, landholder, armiger; (v) attend stablish: (adj) settle; (v) ascertain stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt, defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean stained: (adj) besmirched, dirty, colored, tarnished, soiled, tainted, sullied, flyblown, discolored, painted; (v) polluted. ANTONYMS: (adj) unspoiled, unstained, unblemished, clean stake: (n, v) risk, chance, venture, bet, wager, post, pole, gamble, support; (n) interest, shaft stakes: (n) stake, ante, wager, kitty, jackpot, pool, pot, gamble, prize, interest, fence stamp: (n, v) print, imprint, mark, seal, brand, impress, cast, punch, shape; (v) trample; (n) impression stand: (v) endure, undergo; (n) rack, booth, attitude, base, pedestal; (n, v) live, position; (adj, v) suffer, tolerate.

184 ANTONYMS: (v) sit, lie, yield, forbid; (n) top standard: (n) degree, flag, criterion, rate, norm, gauge, benchmark; (n, v) measure; (adj) normal, regular; (adj, n) average. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconventional, special, unknown, substandard, nonstandard, extreme, unacceptable, new, exceptional, unorthodox, atypical stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack star: (n, v) asterisk; (n) ace, luminary, personality, headliner, leading, lead, idol, asterism; (adj, n) principal, champion. ANTONYMS: (n) nonentity, failure, villain; (adj) insignificant, lousy starve: (v) fast, crave, lust, hunger, thirst, perish, be hungry, deprive, benumb; (adj, v) pinch; (adj) gripe. ANTONYMS: (v) feed, eat state: (n) nation, position, kingdom, status, country; (n, v) say, show, place; (adj) national; (v) express, expound. ANTONYMS: (adj) private; (n) monarchy; (v) conceal, refute stately: (adj) solemn, imposing, elegant; (adj, v) noble, dignified, grand, proud, great; (adj, adv) regal, majestic, royal. ANTONYMS: (adj) boisterous, humble, modest, lowly statue: (n) figure, monument, statuette, effigy, idol, sculpture, carving, bust, sphinx, icon, representation stay: (adj, n, v) remain; (n, v) rest, prop, stop, delay, abide, continue, pause, endure, halt, support. ANTONYMS: (v) change, abscond, depart, move, disappear, become, go steel: (n) blade, brand, foil, sword, case harden; (n, v) nerve, brace, fortify; (adj) iron, adamant; (v) temper steeled: (adj) hardened stem: (n) root, bow, branch, stalk, bole, stick, shank, handle; (v) originate, block, arrest. ANTONYMS: (v) encourage, accelerate stern: (adj) rigid, rigorous, austere, hard, strict, grim, solemn, rough; (adj, v) harsh; (n) back; (adj, n) rear. ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, approving, lenient, funny, genial, gentle, kindly, lax, liberal, cheerful, flexible stink: (adj, n, v) stench; (n, v) smell,

King Henry VI, Part I odor; (n) malodour, fetor, malodor, niff, odour, foetor; (v) fume, Pong stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) movement; (n) commotion, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm stones: (n) shingle, grit stoop: (v) crouch, bend, deign, condescend, descend, squat, couch, cringe, lean, lower oneself; (n) porch. ANTONYM: (v) straighten stop: (int, n, v) hold, stand; (adj, n, v) stay, cease; (n, v) check, end, close, block, bar, arrest; (v) obstruct. ANTONYMS: (n, v) continue; (v) begin, encourage, permit, prolong, persevere, expedite, accelerate; (n) continuation, proceed, go stops: (n) Chicago, Michigan, Newmarket, boodle, halts, stop, stoppages, stopped, stopping, card game, moolah stout: (adj, n) sturdy, stocky, hearty; (adj) hardy, strong, robust, obese, husky, bold, corpulent, fleshy. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, slim, flimsy, cowardly, slight, skinny, fragile, weak straight: (adj) erect, honest, upright, even, fair, perpendicular, correct; (adj, adv, v) direct; (adj, adv, n) right; (adj, adv) level, flat. ANTONYMS: (adj) diluted, zigzag, winding, curly, curved, curvy, twisted, wavy, knotted, askew; (adv) indirectly straightway: (adv) presently, forthwith, directly, right, anon, immediately, at once, straightforth, promptly; (adj) straight, immediate straining: (n) effort, push, exertion, distortion, overrefinement, tension, endeavor, torture, twisting; (adj) arduous; (v) tighten strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar, unusual, abnormal, outlandish, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, typical, usual, conventional, explicable, sensible, mainstream, known, human strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy, firmness, endurance, stability, potency, health, soundness; (adj, n, v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity. ANTONYMS: (n) frailty, shortcoming, flaw, faintness,

powerlessness, moderation, limitation, instability, impotence, feebleness, disadvantage strengthless: (v) sapless; (adj) powerless, feeble strict: (adj) severe, stern, rigid, correct, austere, rigorous, harsh, scrupulous; (adj, v) exact, accurate, precise. ANTONYMS: (adj) lenient, lax, free, negligent, imprecise, flexible, relaxed, loose, gentle, inaccurate, liberal strife: (n) discord, disagreement, dissension, conflict, competition, feud, fight; (adj, n, v) dispute, debate; (n, v) controversy; (adj, n) quarrel. ANTONYMS: (n) accord, cooperation, calm, peace strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend striking: (adj) outstanding, dramatic, spectacular, salient, imposing, conspicuous, vivid, remarkable, notable, astonishing; (n) strike. ANTONYMS: (adj) ugly, ordinary, unimpressive, unremarkable, inconspicuous, unattractive, uninteresting, plain, insignificant, humble, obscure stroke: (adj, n) blow; (n, v) touch, caress, mark, buffet, lick, pat; (n) beat, hit, knock, bang strong: (adj) intense, able, firm, stable, steady, solid, hard, lusty; (adj, v) deep, sound; (adj, n, v) steadfast. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, pale, unconvincing, slight, feeble, frail, bland, faint, delicate, mild, lightweight struck: (adj, v) smitten; (v) stroke; (adj) affected, afflicted, doting, dotty, enamored, gaga, hurt, in love, infatuated strumpet: (n) courtesan, punk, harlot, hussy, slut, adulteress, wench, whore, loose woman, advoutress, fornicatress stubbornly: (adv) obdurately, mulishly, persistently, doggedly, tenaciously, unyieldingly, firmly, waywardly, contrarily, pertinaciously, insistently. ANTONYMS: (adv) feebly, helpfully, openly, hesitantly studious: (adj) scholarly, bookish, academic, assiduous, erudite, diligent, learned, careful, deliberate; (adj, v) thoughtful, reflective. ANTONYM: (adj) negligent studiously: (adv) industriously,

William Shakespeare assiduously, busily, earnestly, carefully, eagerly, bookishly; (adj, adv) designedly; (adj) knowingly, purposely, wittingly study: (n, v) examine, review, survey, research; (v) learn, check, contemplate, ponder, inquire; (n) consideration, learning. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect; (v) skim style: (n, v) name, call, entitle, cut; (adj, n) manner, sort, kind; (n) form, pattern, method, mode. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, tastelessness, coarseness, crudeness subject: (n) matter, citizen, motif, question, issue, affair, point, national; (adj, v) exposed; (adj, n) dependent, inferior. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, resolution; (adj) impervious submission: (n) compliance, obedience, acquiescence, bid, offer, deference, entry, presentation, conformity; (adj, n) resignation, surrender. ANTONYMS: (n) defiance, divergence, disobedience submissive: (adj) obedient, passive, meek, dutiful, obsequious, docile, compliant, resigned, subject, lowly, servile. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, resistant, disobedient, defiant, obstinate, rebellious, wild, intractable, proactive; (adv) bossily submit: (v) comply, obey, acquiesce, give in, present, hand in, put forward, hand over, propose, give; (n, v) resign. ANTONYMS: (v) resist, persevere, defy, overpower, face, disobey, conquer subscribe: (v) confirm, sign, contribute, ratify, subscribe to, underwrite, agree, buy, donate, endorse, accept substance: (adj, n) subject; (n) body, significance, import, material, matter, meaning, amount, means, gist, core. ANTONYMS: (n) meaninglessness, lightness, surface suburbs: (adj, n) environs; (n) outskirts, periphery, outer reaches, outer edge, fringes, entourage, borderland; (adj) purlieus, alentours, neighborhood success: (n) conquest, prosperity, achievement, hit, passing, victory, effectiveness, accomplishment, triumph, coup, achiever. ANTONYMS: (n) flop, disappointment, prevention, debacle, defeat, fruitlessness, poverty, dissatisfaction, inefficiency, criticism

succor: (n, v) relief, support, comfort, aid, assistance, succour, ease; (v) assist, relieve; (n) ministration, consolation. ANTONYM: (n) distress succors: (n) reenforcements, supplies, reinforcements succour: (n, v) succor; (n) consolation, relief, ministration, mercy, assistance, helping, ease, embossment; (v) relieve, further sucking: (n) suck, intake, uptake, aspiration, ingestion, consumption sudden: (adj) precipitous, quick, abrupt, hasty, rash, unexpected, steep, unforeseen, drastic, immediate, swift. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, slow, gentle, leisurely, protracted, sensible, smooth suddenly: (adj, adv) quickly, rapidly, immediately, presto; (adv) hastily, short, all at once, sudden, sharply, unexpectedly, instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) increasingly, predictably, slowly, gently, progressively, sensibly, eventually suffer: (v) encounter, stand, accept, undergo, brook, experience, have, endure, abide, sustain; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) enjoy, rejoice, flourish sufficient: (adj) adequate, proper, commensurate, competent, good, acceptable, apt, ample, full; (adj, n) enough; (adv) quite. ANTONYMS: (adj) inadequate, insufficient, unacceptable, unsatisfactory, impossible, appalling suit: (adj, v) fit, please; (adj, n, v) correspond; (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case; (v) adapt, accommodate, become; (n, v) answer. ANTONYM: (v) clash sullied: (adj) foul, soiled, tainted, stained, besmirched, unclean, filthy, spotted, sordid, flyblown, dim. ANTONYMS: (adj) untarnished, clean summer: (n) summertime, joist, rafter, beam, scaffold, season, skeleton, corner stone, lintel, transom, girder. ANTONYM: (n) winter sumptuous: (adj) magnificent, luxurious, opulent, splendid, gorgeous, deluxe, costly, lush, lavish, grand, plush. ANTONYMS: (adj) unadorned, humble, ascetic, meager, scanty, impoverished superficial: (adj) shallow, external, sketchy, slight, outward, frivolous,

185 exterior, surface, apparent, outer, flimsy. ANTONYMS: (adj) innate, deep, real, profound, permanent, inner, weighty, authentic, genuine, intense, serious superscription: (n) inscription, address, direction, superscript, aim, order, command, endorsement, guidance, image, management support: (n, v) stand, aid, keep, prop, comfort, patronage; (adj, n, v) assist; (v) brace; (adj, v) encourage, back; (n) maintenance. ANTONYMS: (n, v) neglect; (v) undermine, reject, weaken, abandon, condemn, contradict, disapprove, release; (n) hindrance, opposition suppose: (v) infer, guess, speculate, divine, presume, conjecture, reckon, imagine, estimate, consider, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, know, measure, despair, doubt, speculate supposed: (adj) hypothetical, reputed, alleged, assumed, imaginary, putative, apparent, ostensible, suppositional, supposititious, suppositious. ANTONYM: (adj) actual suppress: (v) subdue, silence, quell, check, stifle, restrain, subjugate, curb, crush, strangle, oppress. ANTONYMS: (v) encourage, stimulate, incite, expose, declare, resist, confess, divulge, surrender, advertise, acknowledge supreme: (adj, n) maximum, utmost; (adj) dominant, sovereign, chief, principal, superlative, uppermost, consummate, preeminent; (adj, v) head. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, vulnerable, lowly, poor, secondary, worst, abysmal, powerless, provisional, weak sure: (adj) secure, reliable, safe, indisputable, dependable, assured, positive; (adj, v) steady, firm; (adv) certainly; (adj, adv) for certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, humbled, dubious, indefinite, wavering, wobbly, unconvinced; (adv) doubtfully surgeon: (n) doctor, sawbones, doc, reed, operating surgeon, medicine, neurosurgeon, plastic surgeon, medico, lister, general practitioner surprised: (adj) amazed, dumbfounded, shocked, astounded, stunned, taken aback, bewildered, startled, surprise, aghast, to be astonished. ANTONYM: (adj) unsurprised

186 survey: (n, v) study, view, review, prospect; (v) measure, appraise, canvass, assess; (n) poll, measurement, inspection. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore; (n) ignorance, negligence survive: (v) live, outlast, outlive, endure, exist, pull through, remain, continue, breathe, last, be. ANTONYMS: (v) succumb, perish, cease, stop, crumble swan: (v) rove, roam, wander, stray, aver, drift, avow, assert; (n) cygnet, whooper, cushat swart: (adj) pitchy, swarthy, dark, fuliginous, black, murky, sooty, malignant, inky, gloomy; (n) brunette sway: (n, v) command, rule, control, rock, stagger, roll; (v) oscillate, reel, lurch, shake; (n) reign. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, dissuade, discourage swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, avow, depone, depose, aver. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, deny, compliment sweat: (n, v) work, toil, struggle; (v) perspire, drudge, exude; (n) perspiration, lather, sudor, effort; (adj) perspiring. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore; (n) entertainment, ease, relaxation sweep: (adj, v) brush, rake; (n, v) range, reach, sway; (n) compass, expanse, scope, field; (v) sail; (adj, n) curve sweet: (adj) fresh, mellow, lovable, dear, pleasant, musical, melodious, pleasing, sugary; (adj, v) lovely; (adj, n) beloved. ANTONYMS: (adj) discordant, bitter, acid, sharp, acidic, pungent, salty, harsh, detestable, cacophonous, dry sweeting: (n) sweetening treatment, Sweeting treatment sweetly: (adv) pleasantly, sweet, mildly, melodically, melodiously, softly, syrupily, beautifully, pleasingly, dulcetly, fairly. ANTONYMS: (adv) discordantly, horribly, sharply, harshly, unkindly swelling: (n) protuberance, lump, swell, intumescence, growth, projection, prominence, bulge, dropsy; (adj, v) inflated; (adj) growing. ANTONYM: (n) decline swift: (adj, adv, v) fast; (adj) quick, fleet, speedy, alert, nimble, hasty, prompt, sudden, hurried; (adj, v) rapid. ANTONYMS: (adj)

King Henry VI, Part I considered, leisurely, sluggish, gradual, delayed, clumsy swiftly: (adv) rapidly, speedily, fleetly, promptly, expeditiously, alertly, hastily, suddenly, readily; (adj, adv) quickly, fast. ANTONYMS: (adv) eventually, sluggishly, gradually sword: (n) blade, sabre, brand, broadsword, falchion, cutlass, saber, steel, glaive, backsword, cutlas taint: (n, v) blemish, disgrace, corrupt, spot, blot; (adj, v) defile, sully, pollute, contaminate; (n) pollution, contamination. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, right, respect, disinfect, clean; (n) perfection, cleanliness; (adv) cheerfully tainted: (adj, v) rotten, rancid, bad, musty, reasty, vitiated; (adj) rank, contaminated, faulty, putrid, dirty. ANTONYMS: (adj) unadulterated, unchanged, untarnished, clean taken: (adj) occupied, full, interpreted, appropriated, seized, overcome, affected, besotted; (v) take, get, receive. ANTONYMS: (adj) given, free talbot: (n) William Henry fox Talbot tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact talk: (n, v) discourse, gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, chat, address; (v) articulate, speak, prattle; (n) language. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse; (n) silence talks: (n) parley, discussion, dialogue, diplomacy, arbitration, mediation, conversation, discussions, conference, meeting, dialog tangle: (v) entangle, embroil, enmesh, embrangle, ruffle, mat; (n) maze, confusion; (n, v) jumble, muddle, knot. ANTONYMS: (n) order, line, peace; (v) unravel, undo, untangle, straighten task: (n) job, assignment, duty, labor, commission, charge, enterprise, project, stint, occupation; (n, v) exercise taste: (n, v) relish, sample, smack, touch; (n) flavor, liking, penchant, morsel, bit, drop, fondness. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, tastelessness, disinclination, hate, lot, coarseness, uncouthness; (v) abstain, refrain taunt: (n, v) ridicule, gibe, flout, insult, mock, deride, sneer, twit,

quip; (n) scoff; (v) bait. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect, compliment; (v) applaud, comfort tavern: (n) hotel, saloon, bar, inn, pub, public house, pothouse, taphouse, cabaret, khan, hostelry tawny: (n) tan, buff; (adj, n) brown, auburn; (adj) luteous, golden, sallow, russet, chestnut, creamy, moderately black tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; (adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine, weeping, activity, bawling, bodily function, bodily process, body process, lacerations tedious: (adj) tiresome, boring, dreary, slow, heavy, humdrum, irksome, lifeless; (adj, v) monotonous, arid, dry. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, varied, easy, readable, lively, entertaining, enthralling, brisk, concise, exotic, pleasant teeth: (v) mortar and pestle, gristmill, nutmeg grater, grater, file, arrastra, rasp, mill, unguis, tentacle; (n) gear teeth tell: (n, v) disclose, impart, count; (v) relate, reveal, recount, divulge, explain, communicate; (adj, v) declare, express. ANTONYMS: (v) request, misunderstand, estimate, listen, figure, guess, withhold, conceal, suppress, confuse tempestuous: (adj, n) rough, boisterous, severe; (adj) raging, furious, wild, angry, windy, fierce, gusty; (adj, v) turbulent. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, moderate, relaxed temple: (n) church, place of worship, shrine, Fane, house of worship, pantheon, pagoda, synagogue, brow, sanctuary, mosque temples: (n) brow tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, seduce, fascinate, attempt. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, repel tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v) affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, cold, experienced; (v) withdraw

William Shakespeare tenth: (adj, n) tithe; (adj) denary, decimal, decuple, tenfold; (n) ten percent, tenth part, simple fraction, common fraction, disme term: (n, v) name, call, title, style, designate; (n) period, expression, boundary, spell, time, limit terms: (n) conditions, provision, stipulation, terminology, price, proposition, lemma, cost, footing, damage, specifications terrible: (adj) horrible, dreadful, horrid, monstrous, abominable, ghastly, dire, appalling, fearful, awful, hideous. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, great, laudable, excellent, superb, mild, slight, minor, brilliant, insignificant terror: (n, v) alarm, scare; (adj, n) dread, awe; (n) fear, dismay, consternation, horror, panic, apprehension, scourge. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, security, delight, calm, confidence thanks: (n) acknowledgment, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, gratefulness, recognition, credit, benediction, thankfulness; (int) thank you. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, blame theft: (n) stealing, larceny, thievery, burglary, embezzlement, thieving, peculation, defalcation, depredation, latrociny, misappropriation. ANTONYM: (n) return themselves: (pron) myself, itself, yourself; (n) yourselves thence: (adv) therefore, thus, therefrom, thereof, consequently, then, so, thereafter, thenceforth, since, on account of thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence, accordingly, as a result, thus, for that reason; (conj) since, because, then, ergo therein: (adv) in this, in there thereof: (adv) thence, therefrom, therefore, hence; (adj) casual, intelligence, observer, occasional, prearranged, premeditated, fortuitous thing: (n) affair, occurrence, object, event, concern, something, article, happening, substance, occasion, being things: (n) gear, belongings, equipment, garb, garment, clothes, paraphernalia, goods, life, property, palliament third: (n) second, tierce, three, third part, terzetto, hot corner, third base;

(adv) thirdly; (adj) triple, thrid, tertial thirst: (n, v) hunger, lust, wish; (n) longing, yen, craving, hankering, dryness, appetite; (v) starve, crave. ANTONYM: (n) dislike thirteen: (n) long dozen, large integer thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant thomas: (n) Aquinas, Dylan Thomas, Lowell Thomas, doubting Thomas, Norman Thomas, Saint Thomas, saint Thomas Aquinas, St Thomas, St Thomas Aquinas, Thomas the doubting apostle, Lowell Jackson Thomas thorn: (n) barb, prickle, bramble, spike, point, brier, pricker, needle, sticker, fang; (adj, n) sting thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage though: (adj, conj) however; (conj) still, notwithstanding, nevertheless, albeit, whereas, while; (adv) even, after all, tho'; (adv, conj) tho thought: (n) idea, impression, conception, belief, concept; (adj, n) opinion, feeling, sentiment; (n, v) consideration, reflection, observation. ANTONYMS: (n) thing, vacuity, vacancy, concrete, thoughtlessness, inattention, impulsiveness, certainty, neglect, trust thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of thought, feelings, reflection, ideas, workings of the mind, view, stance, position, considered opinion thousand: (adj, n) one thousand, k, m; (n) grand, g, thou, cat Valium, constant of gravitation, grounds, curtilage; (adj) a thousand thrall: (n) bondage, slavery, thraldom, helot, serf, enslavement, thralldom, villein, captivity, slave; (v) enslave thread: (n) screw thread, yarn, rope, wire, twine, ligature; (adj, n, v) line, file; (n, v) string together; (adj, v) range; (v) penetrate thrice: (adv) three times, thirdly thrive: (adj, v) prosper; (v) flourish, grow, advance, blossom, succeed, increase, bloom, get ahead, boom; (adj) luxuriate. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate, fail, languish, struggle, decrease throat: (n) orifice, pharynx, gorge,

187 mouth, muzzle, nozzle, sucker, shaft, quarl, throat depth, nostril throne: (v) enthrone; (n) can, stool, place, fecal matter, potty, chair, cathedra, lavatory, crapper, pot throughout: (prep) during; (adv, prep) about; (adv) every inch, in extenso, en masse, on the whole, bodily, en bloc, passim, everywhere, thoroughly thrust: (n, v) poke, stab, jab, drive, shove, force, punch, boost, cast, dig; (v) ram. ANTONYM: (n) inertia thrusting: (n) thrust, push, jab, poke, jabbing, stab, driving force, scoke, sack, punch, Phytolacca Americana thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, fulminate thus: (adv) then, so, consequently, hence, thence, accordingly, as a result, ergo, thusly, for that reason, as tide: (n, v) wave, flood, surge; (n) stream, flow, course, drift, time, high tide, run, piping times. ANTONYM: (v) ebb tidings: (n) intelligence, information, message, report, word, advice, communication, dispute, wind, statement, tiding tied: (adj) bound, connected, laced, united, fixed, even, liable, tight, spiked, responsible, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) untied, unlaced till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to tilt: (n, v) slant, slope, lean, list, rock, careen, sway; (v) pitch, tip, cant, lurch. ANTONYMS: (n, v) surrender; (n) agreement; (v) yield timeless: (adj) eternal, everlasting, dateless, immortal, inopportune, interminable, undying, ageless, perpetual, endless, deathless. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, mortal, modern times: (n) present time, modern times, contemporary world, multiplication, time, period, era, many years duration, epoch, present, arithmetic operation timorous: (adj, v) fearful, shy; (adj, adv, v) cowardly; (adj) afraid, nervous, diffident, bashful, apprehensive, anxious, craven, coy. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, fearless title: (n, v) call, style, designation, term, designate; (adj, n) claim, right; (n) caption, denomination,

188 appellation, epithet. ANTONYM: (n) possession titular: (adj) nominal, titulary, honorary, nominative, supposed, in name only, ostensible, formal, socalled, insignificantly small; (v) cognominal together: (adv) in concert, conjointly, at the same time, at once, simultaneously, mutually, in unison, all together, at the same moment; (adj) united, stable. ANTONYMS: (adv) separately, individually, independently, apart, alone; (adj) separate, upset, unstable, separated, imbalanced, scatterbrained toil: (n, v) labor, work, drudge, sweat, drudgery, grind, labour, travail; (v) plod; (n) effort, exertion. ANTONYMS: (n) pastime, entertainment, fun, relaxation; (v) laze, neglect token: (n) memento, souvenir, note, keepsake, sign, relic, stamp, signal, indication; (adj) nominal; (n, v) trace. ANTONYM: (adj) great tokens: (n) decorations, discriminating marks, indications, indicia, insignia, signs, appearances, badges told: (v) related, narrated; (adj) numbered, oral, spoken, legendary, verbal, manifest tomb: (n) sepulchre, sepulcher, crypt, pit, sepulture, vault, monument, entomb, mausoleum; (n, v) bury; (v) inter tongue: (n) lingua, speech, idiom, dialect, clapper, glossa, natural language, striker, talk; (v) lick; (adj) flowing tongue-tied: (adj) mute, speechless, silent, incoherent, inarticulate took: (adj) taken; (v) receive torch: (n) brand, light, flambeau, burner, great mullein, blowlamp, Verbascum Thapsus, flannel mullein, common mullein, blowtorch; (v) burn torture: (n, v) pain, distress, agonize, afflict; (n) agony, anguish, suffering, excruciation, grief; (v) rack, excruciate. ANTONYMS: (n) relief, alleviation, content, ecstasy, joy, pleasure; (v) relieve, alleviate touch: (v) hit, affect, border, adjoin, strike, reach; (n, v) contact, stroke, tinge, regard, tap. ANTONYMS: (v) shrink, secrete, separate, diverge, abstain, leave; (n) lot toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before,

King Henry VI, Part I of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away tower: (n) column, spire, steeple, pinnacle, pylon, castle; (adj, n) pillar; (v) ascend, rise, loom, arise town: (adj) municipal, urban; (n) borough, township, village, burgh, burg, municipality, townspeople, metropolis; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) country, private traffic: (n, v) exchange, trade, commerce, barter, dealing, interchange; (n) dealings, business, intercourse; (v) deal, bargain tragical: (v) ruinous, disastrous, calamitous; (n) sadder; (adj) tragedious, like tragedy, sad traitor: (n) betrayer, conspirator, Judas, renegade, rat, quisling, deserter, cheat, collaborationist; (adj) insurgent, mutineer. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalist, patriot traitorous: (adj) faithless, treacherous, false, treasonable, perfidious, unfaithful, treasonous, untrue, renegade, traitor, insidious transported: (adj) ecstatic, rapt, elated, inspirited, spellbound, exultant, puffed up, proud, delighted, elate; (adv) on cloud nine. ANTONYM: (adj) dejected trap: (n, v) net, catch, ambush, mesh, trick; (v) entrap, ensnare, entangle; (n) gin, noose, entanglement. ANTONYM: (v) release travail: (n, v) labor, toil, labour, grind, childbirth, confinement; (v) drudge, moil; (n) effort, sweat, exertion travel: (adj, n, v) go, pass, run; (adj, v) proceed; (v) roam, move, ride, sail; (n) stroke, tour; (n, v) voyage. ANTONYMS: (v) remain, settle treacherous: (adj) unfaithful, deceitful, false, perfidious, dangerous, disloyal, unreliable, unsafe, Punic, fraudulent, faithless. ANTONYMS: (adj) faithful, loyal, honest, safe, true, genuine, forthright, stable, harmless, dependable, open treachery: (n) betrayal, disloyalty, infidelity, duplicity, treason, perfidy, falseness, faithlessness, perfidiousness, guile, dishonesty. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, reliability, allegiance, goodness treason: (n) treachery, perfidy, high treason, sabotage, lese majesty, traitorousness, subversiveness,

duplicity; (adj, n) disloyalty, sedition, prodition. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity trespass: (adj, v) offend; (n, v) sin, breach; (n) offense, invasion, infringement, encroachment; (v) encroach, infringe, intrude, invade tresses: (n) locks, mop, head of hair trial: (n) test, examination, experiment, hardship, essay, hearing, audition, attempt; (n, v) affliction, adversity; (adj, n) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, performance, happiness, ease, opportunity; (adj) known, definite, proven tribute: (n) commendation, tax, honor, testimonial, duty, homage, respect, eulogy, compliment; (n, v) contribution, subsidy. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, accusation, dishonor tried: (adj) reliable, tested, trustworthy, dependable, proven, proved, experienced, practiced, just, conquered, believable. ANTONYMS: (adj) untried, unreliable trifle: (n, v) play; (adj, n, v) trinket; (v) dally, fiddle, flirt, fool, frivol; (n) nothing, triviality, detail; (adj, n) bagatelle triumph: (v) exult, prevail, crow, rejoice, succeed; (n, v) glory, win, joy; (n) victory, conquest, exultation. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, defeat, sorrow, unhappiness, dud, sadness, loss, flop; (v) fail, lose, forfeit triumphant: (adj) victorious, successful, triumphal, exulting, winning, joyful, rejoicing, elated, conquering, prideful; (adj, v) exultant. ANTONYMS: (adj) disappointed, failing, losing, defeated, miserable, sorrowful troops: (n) soldiery, garrison, army, force, military, personnel, horse, man, cavalry, military personnel, troop trouble: (n, v) inconvenience, pain, bother, disquiet, disorder, worry, annoy, fuss, afflict, torment; (adj, n) difficulty. ANTONYMS: (v) please, help, assist, aid, placate, soothe, comfort; (n) fitness, pleasure, advantage, ease troubles: (n) dilemma, evils, harms, ills trow: (adj) opine, weet, be of opinion, conceive; (v) believe, possess truant: (n) deserter, hooky player, nonattender, fugitive, wrongdoer, idler, absentee, absenter, offender;

William Shakespeare (v) shirk; (adj) AWOL truce: (n, v) respite; (n) peace, breather, reprieve, ceasefire agreement, agreement, pact, accord; (v) rest, pause, lull. ANTONYMS: (n) disagreement, fight, war true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj) right, faithful, even, correct, accurate, honest, straight, truthful; (adj, v) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaccurate, untrue, bogus, untrustworthy, unrealistic, mythical, fraudulent, faithless, disloyal; (adv) wrongly, dishonestly truly: (adj, adv) really; (adv) sincerely, in truth, exactly, in fact, indeed, in reality, genuinely, right, certainly, honestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) insincerely, dubiously, doubtfully, apparently, inaccurately, indefinite, dishonestly, mildly, wrongly trump: (n) trump card, brick; (adj) truepenny, quell, silence, stalemate, checkmate, nonplus; (v) outmaneuver, crossruff, scoop trumpet: (n) horn, cornet, bugle, clarion, trump, brass, trombone; (v) proclaim, promulgate, show off, blare trust: (n, v) credit, rely, hope; (n) confidence, faith, reliance, belief, cartel, assurance; (v) believe, confide. ANTONYMS: (n, v) distrust, doubt, mistrust; (v) disbelieve, keep, hold, despair; (n) disbelief, suspicion, independence trusty: (adj) trustworthy, honest, faithful, dependable, responsible, constant, loyal, true, authentic, solid, sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) untrustworthy, inconstant, corrupt, disloyal truth: (n) exactness, actuality, sincerity, verity, fidelity, fact, correctness, genuineness, faithfulness, certainty, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, inaccuracy, idealism, falsity, disloyalty, fallacy, invention tumultuous: (adj, n) boisterous, tempestuous; (adj) disorderly, riotous, turbulent, noisy, furious, loud, troubled, disturbed; (adj, v) tumultuary. ANTONYMS: (adj) peaceful, calm turk: (n) effendi, Ottoman turn: (n, v) curve, roll, twist, go, coil, round, change, bent, spin; (n) bout; (v) revolve. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, Miss, stagnation; (v) unbend

turret: (adj) steeple, spire, campanile, obelisk, pillar, monument, minaret, column; (n) gun turret, gun enclosure, garret tush: (n) buttocks, backside, posterior, quarter, place, poop, John, pot, prat, piece of ass, puke tutor: (n) teacher, instructor, mentor, trainer, master, guardian; (v) instruct, school, educate, train, teach twain: (n) pair, brace, dyad, deuce, twosome, duo, straddle, bitstock, coupling, braces, yoke twelve: (adj, n) dozen, XII; (n) boxcars, large integer twenty: (adj) vigesimal; (n) large integer, twenty dollar bill twice: (adv) doubly, bis, two times, in two ways, once more; (adj) twenty twit: (v) tease, rally, tantalize, flout, rag, chaff; (n, v) scoff; (n) jeer, gibe, mock, barrack tyranny: (adj, n) dictatorship, autocracy; (n) absolutism, despotism, oppression, cruelty, monocracy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism, autarchy, Caesarism. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, liberty ugly: (adj, adv) surly; (adj) nasty, repulsive, frightful, forbidding, disagreeable, hideous, gruesome, evil, offensive, shocking. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, flowing, ornamental, nice, lovely, pleasant, safe, kind, gentle, appealing, agreeable umpire: (n, v) judge; (n) arbitrator, arbiter, mediator, ump, justice, moderator, intermediary; (v) arbitrate, adjudicate, mediate unable: (adj) incapable, ineffective, incompetent, impotent, helpless, ineffectual, inefficient, inadequate, unqualified, unfit, not able. ANTONYMS: (adj) able, capable, competent, eligible, powerful unapt: (adj) improper, inept, unfit, inappropriate, unseemly, undue, unsuitable, irrelevant, not apt unbidden: (adj) unbid, uninvited, spontaneous, voluntary, willing, unwanted uncle: (n) father's younger brother, elder uncle, father's older brother, father's sister's husband, husband of paternal aunt, maternal uncle, niece, benefactor, EME, helper, kinsman undaunted: (adj, n) bold; (adj) fearless, brave, intrepid, resolute, dauntless, daring, heroic, unabashed, valiant, confident.

189 ANTONYMS: (adj) cowardly, timid, afraid, anxious, scared under: (adj) lower, down, nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject; (adv, prep) beneath, underneath; (adv) downstairs, infra. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over, above; (adv) primary, higher, major underneath: (adv, prep) below, under; (adj) down, inferior, supporting; (n) bottom, base, underside; (adv) under that, under it; (prep) unbecoming. ANTONYMS: (n) top; (adv) up, over, above, apparently undertake: (v) attempt, take on, try, covenant, guarantee, accept, tackle, contract, take, begin, engage. ANTONYMS: (v) forego, abstain, forget, relinquish undoubted: (adj) unquestionable, undisputed, indisputable, undeniable, sure, positive, true, unquestioned, indubitable, definite, unchallenged unequal: (adj) different, unlike, uneven, rough, lopsided, unfair, inadequate, disparate, disproportionate, unbalanced, unsymmetrical. ANTONYMS: (adj) equal, even, fair, identical, similar, same, level, constant, balanced, like, corresponding unfortunate: (adj) inauspicious, sad, hapless, bad, inopportune, disastrous, adverse, deplorable, infelicitous, untoward, lamentable. ANTONYMS: (adj) lucky, auspicious, good, opportune, joyous, timely, appropriate, successful, easy, privileged unheedful: (adj) negligent unkind: (adj) cruel, harsh, unfeeling, inconsiderate, pitiless, heartless, inhuman, hard, thoughtless, brutal, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, considerate, pleasant, friendly, thoughtful, tactful, mild, gentle, generous, flattering, compassionate unknown: (adj, n) secret, alien; (adj) hidden, unfamiliar, unidentified, obscure, nameless, foreign, anonymous; (n) stranger, foreigner. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, recognized, famous, documented, identified, transparent; (n) native unlawful: (adj) illegal, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, wrongful, prohibited, improper, unauthorized, criminal, outlaw, irregular. ANTONYMS: (adj) legal, legitimate, authorized, honest, rightful

190 unnatural: (adj) affected, artificial, grotesque, supernatural, forced, abnormal, eccentric, uncanny, stilted, mannered, anomalous. ANTONYMS: (adj) natural, normal, real, unaffected, commonplace, genuine, sincere unready: (adj) unprepared, unbegun, untrimmed, sluggish, dilatory, tardy, gloomy, awkward, unfeeling, melancholy, not swift. ANTONYM: (adj) ready unrelenting: (adj, n) harsh, hard, severe; (adj) stern, relentless, implacable, austere, cruel, grim, unforgiving, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) feeble, inexorable, sympathetic, temporary, merciful, compassionate, finite, gentle unspotted: (adj) unblemished, unstained, unsoiled, stainless, pure, blameless, immaculate, undefaced, undeformed, spotless, untarnished until: (prep, v) to; (conj, prep) unto; (adj) up to; (adv) so far, yet, before, meanwhile; (prep) pending, while, during, awaiting unto: (prep, v) to, till, up to; (prep) towards, before unworthy: (adj) undeserving, base, disgraceful, ignoble, low, contemptible, despicable, ugly, unmerited, unseemly, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserving, valuable, honorable, estimable, reputable upbraid: (v) rebuke, censure, blame, scold, chide, reprimand, condemn, berate, objurgate, rate; (n, v) revile upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at upright: (adj) perpendicular, erect, fair, good, righteous, just, virtuous, true, honorable, plumb; (adj, n) vertical. ANTONYMS: (adj) prone, disreputable, degenerate, hanging, unwholesome, dishonest, dishonorable, lying, horizontal, falling; (adv) horizontally uproar: (adj, n, v) hubbub, disturbance, tumult; (n) din, noise, turmoil, commotion, disorder, confusion; (adj, n) row; (n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, peace, serenity, order upstart: (n) mushroom, nouveau riche, skipjack, climber, arriviste, social climber, unknown, smart aleck, sleep; (adj) parvenue, cockhorse

King Henry VI, Part I usage: (n, v) practice, use, employment, convention, usance; (adj, n, v) habit; (n) method, consuetude, wont, exercise; (v) application used: (adj) exploited, old, accustomed, worn, spent, victimized, wont, tried, decrepit, second hand, exhausted. ANTONYMS: (adj) new, unused, spanking, misused usurp: (v) arrogate, seize, appropriate, take over, commandeer, capture, borrow, confiscate, take, grab; (adj) violate. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relinquish usurpation: (n) encroachment, appropriation, seizure, accroachment, gaining control, coup d'etat, presumption; (adj, n) violation; (adj) overpowering, overwhelming; (v) deposition usurping: (adj) encroaching utter: (v) say, state, speak, breathe, articulate, deliver, voice, pronounce; (adj, n, v) express, declare; (adj, v) tell. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, incomplete, uncertain, rather, slight; (v) conceal, hide, block vail: (n) vale; (v) bounty, help, Easter offering, oblation, Christmas box, alms, dole, donative, largess, Peter Pence vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, humble, useful, responsible, worthwhile, effective valiant: (adj) brave, courageous, intrepid, fearless, heroic, audacious, gallant, daring, dauntless, stout, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, despicable valor: (n) bravery, courage, heroism, valiancy, daring, spirit, pluck, audacity, boldness; (adj, n) gallantry, prowess valour: (n) valor, valiancy, valiance, heroism, courage, bravery, valorousness, prowess, daring, pluck, spirit value: (adj, n, v) price; (n) cost, importance, consequence; (n, v) rate, appraise, measure; (v) appreciate, evaluate, esteem, assess. ANTONYMS: (n) disadvantage, futility, uselessness, insignificance, detriment, inefficiency, inferiority;

(v) scorn, disregard, disrespect, hate vanquished: (adj) beaten, overwhelmed, routed, overcome, overpowered, overthrown, defeated, crushed, tried, tired out, practiced vantage: (n) superiority, preference, start, handicap, expediency, expedience, advantageousness, odds, asset, tax advantage, head start. ANTONYM: (n) disadvantage vapors: (n) megrims, mist, blues, blue devils, fog, depression, hypochondriasis, pessimism, spleen, brume, horrors venge: (n) vengeance; (v) avenge, revenge vengeance: (n) retribution, reprisal, retaliation, requital, avengement, wrath, vendetta, spite, revengeance; (n, v) avenge, resentment. ANTONYMS: (n) forgiveness, acceptance venturous: (adj) daring, adventurous, audacious, risky, hazardous, fearless, bold, foolhardy, rash, reckless, courageous venus: (adj) the Graces; (n) Urania, narcissus, terrestrial planet, Adonis, peri, solar system, Hyperion, houri, Hebe, genus Venus verdict: (n) finding, decision, judgment, conclusion, determination, decree, resolution, ruling, sentence, judgement, finding of fact. ANTONYM: (n) request vexation: (adj, n) annoyance, nuisance; (n) irritation, worry, aggravation, displeasure, chagrin, chafe, anger, frustration, botheration viceroy: (n) vicereine, satrap, exarch, nymphalid, nymphalid butterfly, regent, delegate vicious: (adj) malicious, bad, depraved, wicked, brutal, malevolent, cruel, venomous, immoral, nasty, corrupt. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, gentle, friendly, good, right, pleasant, kindhearted, nice, cordial, constructive victorious: (adj) triumphant, successful, winning, jubilant, victor, fortunate, lifted up; (adj, v) triumphal, exultant, triumphing, on top. ANTONYMS: (adj) beaten, unsuccessful, failing, losing, sorrowful victory: (n) conquest, success, mastery, superiority, subjugation, win, laugher, achievement, checkmate, expugnation, fall. ANTONYMS: (n) defeat, loss,

William Shakespeare beating, failure, overthrow, forfeit victual: (v) provision, feed, supply, cater, furnish, purvey; (n) pabulum, edible, sustenance, victuals, eatable view: (n, v) sight, scene, regard, opinion, judgment, prospect, outlook, thought; (adj, v) observe, see; (n) idea. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, mistrust vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, honorable, good, delightful, admirable, noble villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero violent: (adj, n) rough, furious, tempestuous, severe, turbulent, boisterous, powerful; (adj, v) vehement; (adj) raging, intense, sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, calm, nonviolent, mild, passive, moderate, pleasant, slight, refined, relaxed, friendly viperous: (adj) venomous, poisonous, viperish, malignant, dangerous, hostile virgin: (adj) pure, new, chaste, innocent, fresh, untouched, intact, virginal; (adj, n) vestal; (n) maid, girl. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiled, sullied virtues: (n) brawn, sinew, qualities, nerve, manner, habit, disposition, custom virtuous: (adj) upright, pure, righteous, good, moral, just, honorable, honest, respectable, decent, pious. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, sinful, corrupt, impure, unethical, decadent, degenerate, irreverent vision: (n) view, dream, imagination, daydream, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, image, apparition; (n, v) fancy. ANTONYMS: (n) sightlessness, fact, actuality, blindness visit: (v) frequent, attend, call, view, gossip, jaw, inspect, haunt; (n, v) tour, chat; (n) sojourn voice: (n) speech, vox; (v) enunciate, pronounce, speak, say, vocalize, express, utter, articulate; (n, v) sound. ANTONYMS: (v) devoice, block volume: (n) size, book, magnitude, mass, dimension, intensity, capacity,

amount, tome; (adj, n) quantity, deal. ANTONYMS: (n) quietness, softness vouchsafe: (v) grant, condescend, allow, confer, stoop, give, please, bestow; (n, v) accord; (adv) have the goodness, will you vulgar: (adj) rude, coarse, plebeian, nasty, common, foul, indecent, gross, unrefined; (adj, n) low, vile. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, sophisticated, tasteful, polite, aesthetic, muted, fashionable, decent, artistic, pleasant, clean vulture: (n) predator, marauder, ghoul; (adj) tyrant, despot, harpy, inquisitor, precisian, oppressor, martinet, extortioner wail: (n, v) howl, cry, lament, moan, scream, bellow, whine; (v) ululate, weep, whimper, mewl. ANTONYMS: (v) whimper, laugh wailing: (n, v) lamentation, lament, moaning; (adj) lamenting, weeping, crying, wailful, howling, sobbing; (adj, n) bawling; (n) cry waist: (n) waistline, shank, middle, belly, isthmus, hourglass, undersurface; (adj) stricture, middle constriction, neck, wasp wait: (n, v) pause, hold, stop; (v) expect, anticipate, stay, await, lurk, ambush, remain; (adj, v) tarry. ANTONYMS: (n) act, continuation, doing; (v) interrupt, leave, begin, depart, continue; (intj) hurry wake: (v) awaken, awake, rouse, stir, vigil, provoke, arouse, waken, excite; (n) train, trail. ANTONYMS: (v) nap, dissuade, discourage, snooze, stifle waking: (adj) wakeful; (n) awakening, wakefulness, consciousness walk: (adj, n, v) step; (n, v) gait, ramble, march, pace, hike, course, saunter, stroll, roam; (n) path. ANTONYMS: (v) run, ride, stride wall: (n, v) fence, bar; (n) barrier, rampart, bulwark, cliff, earthwork, fortification, screen, rail, fencing walls: (n) brickwork, buttresses, defenses, masonry, ramparts, fortifications wander: (n, v) stroll, saunter, tramp, drift; (v) stray, digress, err, travel, roam, deviate; (adj, v) rave. ANTONYMS: (v) settle, stay, think, converge wandering: (adj) itinerant, nomadic, erratic, rambling, errant, migratory; (adj, v) stray, vagrant, vagabond,

191 unsettled; (n) peregrination. ANTONYM: (adj) resident want: (n, v) lack, desire, miss, wish; (n) poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, necessity, destitution, shortage. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hate; (n) glut, despise, luxury, option, prosperity, supply; (v) disinterest, answer wanted: (adj) welcome, cherished, precious, treasured, marketable, invited, necessary, needed, desirable, desired, loved. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwanted, unwelcome wanting: (adj, v) missing; (adj) deficient, lacking, absent, defective, short, failing, insufficient, devoid, poor, incomplete. ANTONYMS: (adj) sufficient, satisfactory, adequate, full, present wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, licentious, unchaste, lewd, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, decent, clean, careful, observant, justifiable, involuntary wants: (n) need, necessities warlike: (adj) military, belligerent, bellicose, pugnacious, combative, aggressive, armigerous, hostile, unfriendly, unpacific, militant. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonizing, friendly warning: (n) notice, indication, caution, advice, example, lesson, hint, premonition, caveat, admonition; (adj, n) monitory. ANTONYMS: (n) encouragement, recommendation, approval; (adj) promising warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, assure, sanction, empower; (n) authority, authorization, security; (v) justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) break; (v) debar warrior: (n) fighter, combatant, champion, brave, gerrard, guerilla, centurion, irregular, insurgent, guerrilla, militant warwick: (n) English statesman, Richard Neville, the kingmaker, earl of Warwick wary: (adj) cautious, vigilant, careful, guarded, circumspect, suspicious, shy, alert, chary, attentive, leery. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwary, careless, trusting, reckless, heedless, foolish, unsuspecting, thoughtless, oblivious, forgetful, eager

192 wash: (adj, n, v) soak; (n, v) paint; (v) clean, scrub, mop, moisten, lave, scour, bathe; (n) washing, ablution. ANTONYM: (v) soil wasting: (n) homicide, atrophy, slaughter, slaying, cachexia, assassination, cachexy, amyotrophy, carnage; (adj) consuming, consumptive watch: (n, v) view, sentinel, clock, wake, regard, care; (v) observe, look, see; (n) sentry; (adj, n) surveillance. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, overlook, harm, hurt, glance wavering: (adj, v) vacillating; (n) fluctuation, hesitation, vacillation; (adj) irresolute, indecisive, undecided, hesitant, uncertain, variable, changeable. ANTONYMS: (adj) decided, constant, resolute, stable, decisive; (n) resolution, stability waving: (adj) flying, aflare, fluttering, flaring, flared, curly, burning, blazing, billowy, palpitating; (n) wafture ways: (n) behavior, process, shipway, slipway, means, childbearing, conduct, construction, demeanor, direction, traveling weak: (adj, n) frail; (adj) flat, watery, fragile, flimsy, faint, thin, light, sickly, soft, nerveless. ANTONYMS: (adj) concentrated, firm, brave, safe, forceful, effective, healthy, intense, determined, powerful, robust weakly: (adj) feeble, infirm, weak; (adv) frailly, badly, softly, lightly, infirmly, effeminately, slightly; (adj, adv) sickly. ANTONYMS: (adv) strongly, confidently, powerfully, firmly, well, competently, convincingly, wholeheartedly, admirably, persuasively, interestingly weakness: (adj, n) failing, fault, debility, defect, infirmity, fragility, feebleness, deficiency, imperfection, foible; (n) flaw. ANTONYMS: (n) power, dislike, intensity, supremacy, determination, advantage, brightness, superiority, resistance, robustness, energy weal: (n) wale, wheal, welt, prosperity, happiness, good, wealth, riches, welfare, injury, trauma wealth: (adj, n) abundance, plenty, affluence, opulence; (n, v) money, gold; (n) treasure, property, fortune, capital; (adj) richness. ANTONYMS: (n) penury, scarcity, dearth, want, need, lack

King Henry VI, Part I weapon: (n) arm, missile, arms, knuckles, spear, steel, tomahawk, firearm, flamethrower, projectile, hatchet wear: (n) clothing, clothes, apparel, attire, garb; (v) endure, fatigue, waste, bear, tire, fray. ANTONYMS: (v) refresh, reject, rebuild, please, freshen, disrobe, delight, cheer, refuse; (n) improvement weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, enliven, energize, activate, rally wedded: (adj, v) marital, connubial, matrimonial, conjugal, wed; (adj) nuptial, bridal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached wedding: (adj) bridal, marital, matrimonial; (n) matrimony, nuptials, marriage ceremony, wedding ceremony, wedlock, remarriage, espousal; (adj, n) nuptial wedlock: (n, v) marriage, matrimony; (n) union, wedding, polygyny, bigamy, intermarriage, exogamy, endogamy, polyandry, misalliance weep: (v) wail, bawl, lament, sob, blubber, moan, howl, drip, greet, whimper; (n) tear weighty: (adj) heavy, ponderous, grievous, powerful, profound; (adj, v) grave, serious, momentous, significant, solemn, influential. ANTONYMS: (adj) superficial, light, unimportant, trivial, weightless, unsubstantial, thin, solvable, small, facile, easy welcome: (adj) pleasant, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable; (n, v) accept; (n) hospitality, reception; (v) receive, greet, invite, hail. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, unacceptable, displeasing, disagreeable, unpleasant; (v) reject, evict, bar; (n) unfriendliness, goodbye whelp: (n, v) pup; (n) chrysalis, tadpole, nestling, larva, cur, chicken, hound, tendril; (v) lay, bear when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) then, because, than, since, after; (conj) although, while, if; (prep) during whence: (adv) wherefrom, hence, because, for, why, wherefore, how, then, then thence so, how comes it, how happens it where: (adv) there, here, wherever,

whither, in which, wherein, in what; (adv, pron) anywhere; (pron) everywhere; (n) point, spot whereas: (conj) while, though, whenas, where, albeit; (adv) when, whilst, then; (prep) because; (n) grounds for a decisions wherefore: (adv, conj) therefore; (adv, n) why; (n) reason, proof; (adv) accordingly, consequently, so, wherefor, hence, whence; (conj) then wherein: (adv) in what, in which, where whether: (pron) where while: (adv, conj) whereas, as, although; (n) time, spell, period, moment, interval; (adv) when; (conj) though; (prep) during whiles: (n) while whilst: (conj) whereas, as, though, albeit, at the same time as, even as; (prep) during; (adj) pending whisper: (n, v) murmur, hum, mumble, suggestion, hint, inkling; (v) breathe, hiss; (n) rustle, trace, breath. ANTONYM: (n) information white: (adj, n) pale; (adj) clean, blank, snowy, ashen, wan, achromatic, pure, pallid; (v) whiten; (n) Caucasian. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) black; (adj) dark, rosy, red, dirty; (v) blacken whither: (adv) hither, thither, whereunto, whereto, for whole: (adj, v) entire; (adj, n) total, integral, sum, aggregate, well; (adj, adv, n) all; (adj) complete, healthy, intact, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, broken, partial, imperfect, unhealthy, deficient, destroyed, fractional, impaired, half, sick whoso: (pron) whosoever wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding wife: (n) matron, missis, partner, married woman, spouse, consort, helpmate, housewife, lady, woman, viscountess wild: (adj, n, v) waste, desert; (adj, v) fierce, violent, reckless, raging; (adj) boisterous, untamed, stormy, rude, desolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, orderly, manageable, sane, domestic, cultivated, tame, restrained, mild, sensible, passive willed: (adj) voluntary, hereditary

William Shakespeare willful: (adj) perverse, headstrong, voluntary, intentional, obstinate, deliberate, wayward, stubborn, disobedient, premeditated, wilful. ANTONYMS: (adj) involuntary, yielding, willing, unwilling, docile, casual, biddable, justifiable, amenable, agreeable, unintentional wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish, rise, rally winchester: (n) demijohn wine: (n) vino, spirits, beer, saki, sake, Macon, maconnais, alcohol, liquor, dessert wine; (adj) mauve winged: (adj) swift, rapid, speedy, quick, flying, alate, sublime, lofty, alated, aligerous, composed wish: (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) want, hope, need, inclination, longing, aspiration, aim; (v) like, choose; (n) pleasure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) hatred, coercion, disinclination, aversion wishes: (n) desires, requirements, requests, needs, will witch: (n) hag, pythoness, sorceress, enchantress, magician, lamia; (v) charm, bewitch, glamour, hex, jinx withal: (adv) nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, even so, all the same, nonetheless, with; (adj) likewise; (n) sufficiency, adequacy, enough withdraw: (v) retire, remove, retract, retreat, abandon, pull out, disengage, draw, cancel, leave, recede. ANTONYMS: (v) propose, give, advance, extend, offer, deposit, remain, engage, allow, permit, stay wither: (v) shrink, wilt, contract, shrivel, languish, droop, dry, waste, wane, atrophy, decay. ANTONYMS: (v) swell, strengthen, grow, blossom, flourish withhold: (v) reserve, keep, suppress, deny, retain, hold, detain, restrain, abstain, check; (adj, v) stint. ANTONYMS: (v) transmit, release, show, lavish, add within: (adv, n, prep) inside; (adv, prep) in; (adv) indoors, internally, inwardly, inly; (adj, n) interior; (prep) into, on, between; (adj) inwards. ANTONYMS: (prep) beyond, out without: (adv, n, prep) outside; (adj, adv) except; (adj) lacking, save barring; (prep) out of, sans; (n) minus, provisionally; (adv) save, beyond; (adv, prep) besides.

ANTONYMS: (prep) with, having; (adv) inside witness: (n, v) testimony, attest, evidence; (n) bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer; (v) observe, notice, see, view. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, participate, refute wits: (n) intellect, mind, wit, brains, common sense, presence, percipience, observation, mother wit, right mind, judgment witting: (adj) knowing, aware, cognizant, intentional, deliberate, voluntary, intentionally conceived, cognisant, willful, intended, express. ANTONYM: (adj) unwitting wives: (n) woman woful: (adj) sorrowful, lugubrious, woeful, mournful, doleful, pitiable wolf: (n) philanderer, coyote, brute, skirt chaser, beast; (v) gobble, gorge, guzzle, consume, swallow, bolt woman: (n) girl, female, lady, dame, madam, mistress, matron, maid, gentlewoman, Donna, petticoat. ANTONYMS: (n) man, gentleman womb: (n) belly, nursery, nest, intestines, guts, vitals, bowels, chitterings, cradle, entrails, viscera women: (n) sex, gentle sex wonder: (adj, n) prodigy; (n) astonishment, admiration, amazement, surprise, miracle, phenomenon, muse; (v) admire, reflect, question. ANTONYMS: (n) expectation, belief, disapproval; (v) know, believe, anticipate, decide wondrous: (adj) marvelous, miraculous, marvellous, astonishing, tremendous, fantastic, phenomenal, extraordinary, rattling; (adv) wonderfully, marvellously wont: (adj, n) use, custom, usage; (n) practice, tradition, cleanliness, assuetude, assuefaction, convention, rut; (v) practise wonted: (adj, n) habitual, ordinary, usual, familiar; (adj) everyday, general, conventional, routine; (n) accustomed, common, regular wood: (n) timber, tree, grove, lumber, jungle, coppice, walnut, linden, larch, guaiac; (adj, n) woods wooden: (adj) wood, stilted, awkward, expressionless, inept, clumsy, dead, impassive, woody, timbered, made of wood. ANTONYMS: (adj) flexible, bending, pliable, emotional, natural, relaxed, expressive word: (n) news, tidings, password, expression, report, vocable,

193 statement, term; (v) formulate, phrase; (n, v) advice words: (n) speech, expression, row, text, fracas, argument; (n, v) altercation, squabble, tiff, dispute, quarrel working: (adj) practical, active, busy, in action, in force; (n) operation, play, agency, movement; (adj, n) running, functioning. ANTONYMS: (adj) passive, unemployed, inoperative, inactive, idle, ineffective world: (n) cosmos, nature, creation, earth, public, sphere, society, realm, globe, macrocosm; (adj) global worship: (n) adoration, veneration, adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) reverence, respect, honor, revere, adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, dishonor, despise, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, disparagement, contempt, detestation worst: (v) whip, trounce, defeat, overcome, vanquish, pip, rack up; (adj, v) best, rout; (adj) floor, lick. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) best; (adj) highest, first, secondary worth: (adj, n) value, dignity; (n) cost, virtue, price, importance, excellence, quality, import, goodness, benefit. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, disadvantage, hopelessness, detriment, disgrace, inferiority, triviality, uselessness, inefficiency worthless: (adj, v) futile, vain; (adj) vile, idle, empty, trifling, void, trivial, cheap, miserable, null. ANTONYMS: (adj) precious, useful, worthwhile, priceless, meaningful, helpful, invaluable, deserving, valid, worthy, substantial worthy: (adj) noble, good, meritorious, valuable, estimable, respectable, deserving, worthwhile, virtuous, honorable; (adj, n) celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unrespected, disreputable, mediocre, petty, poor, unimpressive, insignificant, dishonorable, despicable; (n) nobody wrangling: (n) quarrel, bickering, controversy, polemics, discussion, haggle, haggling, dispute, strife, altercation, jangle wrathful: (adj) furious, irate, wroth, ireful, indignant, incensed, mad, raging, resentful, infuriated, choleric. ANTONYM: (adj) pleased wreck: (n, v) smash, shipwreck, wrack; (v) damage, spoil, demolish,

194 destroy, devastate; (n) crash, ruins, destruction. ANTONYMS: (v) build, preserve, create, repair, assist; (n) creation wretch: (n) victim, villain, scoundrel, reprobate, reptile, miscreant, martyr, object of compassion, poor devil, prey, wreak wretched: (adj) unfortunate, pitiful, sad, pitiable, woeful, pathetic, piteous, lamentable; (adj, v) poor, unhappy, forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) fine, strong, fortunate, overjoyed, nice, admirable, good, cheery, joyous, lucky, comfortable write: (v) pen, indite, draw up, correspond, spell, record, publish, compile, draw, outline, type writing: (n) script, print, composition, lettering, document, autograph, paper, record, inscription, authorship, handwriting written: (adj) registered, clerical, conscript, enrolled, literal, hard-andfast, on paper; (n) examination. ANTONYMS: (adj) verbal, unscripted, unwritten wrong: (adj, n) evil, ill, injury, injustice; (adj, n, v) damage, injure; (adj) improper, false, incorrect, bad, inappropriate. ANTONYMS: (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, appropriate, just, true; (adv) correctly; (n) justice, virtue; (v) sympathize wrongs: (n) mala wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, worked up, formed yelping: (n) cry, wapping yeoman: (n) beefeater, gaffer, chap, cultivator, fellow, freeholder, blade, good man, swain, wight, woodcutter yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow, give; (v) surrender, concede, submit, give up, grant, cede; (n) output. ANTONYMS: (v) persevere, survive, stand, withstand, repel, reject, prevent, withhold, acquire, oppose, veto yielded: (v) yold, yolden yoke: (adj, n, v) couple, link; (n, v) pair, tie; (adj, n) brace; (v) connect, join, bind, attach; (n) coupling, team. ANTONYMS: (v) disconnect, disjoin yonder: (adv) beyond, further, farther, abroad, thither, further away, at that place; (adj) distant, yond, furious, fierce york: (n) house of York young: (n, v) offspring; (adj, n) juvenile; (adj) immature, fresh,

King Henry VI, Part I adolescent, new, raw, baby, childish, early; (n) progeny. ANTONYMS: (adj) old, mature, adult, ripe, older, late; (adj, n) aged yours: (adj) own yourself: (adv) herself, themselves, itself, myself, ourselves, yourselves, physically yourselves: (pron) themselves, myself, herself youth: (n) youngster, young person, lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged youthful: (adj) immature, fresh, green, juvenile, vernal, adolescent, childish, new, tender, sappy, beardless. ANTONYMS: (adj) adult, mature, experienced, sophisticated, late

195