The Winter's Tale (Webster's Thesaurus Edition)

Citation preview

THE WINTER'S TALE Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

The Winter's Tale Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com The Winter's Tale: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-25364-X

iii

Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1 PERSONS REPRESENTED ................................................................................................ 3 ACT I ................................................................................................................................ 5 ACT II ............................................................................................................................. 29 ACT III ............................................................................................................................ 55 ACT IV ............................................................................................................................ 73 ACT V ........................................................................................................................... 121 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 147

William Shakespeare

1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of The Winter’s Tale by William Shakespeare was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. 1

William Shakespeare

3

PERSONS REPRESENTED LEONTES, King of Sicilia.% MAMILLIUS, his son. CAMILLO, ANTIGONUS, CLEOMENES, DION,

}

four lords of Sicilia

Sicilian Gentlemen. Officers of a Court of Judicature. POLIXENES, King of Bohemia. FLORIZEL, his son. ARCHIDAMUS, a Bohemian Lord. A MARINER. GAOLER. AN OLD SHEPHERD, reputed father of Perdita. CLOWN, his son. SERVANT TO THE OLD SHEPHERD. AUTOLYCUS, a rogue. TIME, as Chorus. HERMIONE, Queen to Leontes. PERDITA, daughter to Leontes and Hermione. PAULINA, wife to Antigonus. EMILIA, a lady attending on the Queen. OTHER LADIES, attending on the Queen.

Thesaurus attending: (v) attend; (n) presence, nursing, care, appearing, observation; (adj) concomitant, attendant, ministrant, in attendance, ancillary. ANTONYMS: (n) nonattendance, inattention. autolycus: (n) Robert Macaire, trickster, Artful Dodger, colporteur, pedlar, cadger. clown: (n) fool, joker, jester, boor, harlequin, joke, comedian, rustic, comic, acrobat; (v) antic.

daughter: (n) child, son, maiden, young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin. gaoler: (n) keeper, screw, turnkey, warder, jailor, custos, custodian, lawman, guard, ass, ranger. officers: (n) executive committee, staff. reputed: (adj) supposed, renowned, famous, conjectural, assumed, famed, eminent, prominent, alleged, wellknown, distinguished. ANTONYM:

(adj) known. rogue: (n, v) rascal; (n) knave, imp, miscreant, crook, cheat, impostor, swindler, cad, villain, scoundrel. servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress.

4

The Winter's Tale

MOPSA, shepherdess.% DORCAS, shepherdess. OTHER SICILIAN LORDS, LADIES, and ATTENDANTS; SATYRS for a Dance; SHEPHERDS, SHEPHERDESSES, GUARDS, etc.

Thesaurus shepherdess: (n) sheepman, sheepherder, herdess, herder, cowherd.

William Shakespeare

5

ACT I

SCENE I. SICILIA. AN ANTECHAMBER IN LEONTES' PALACE.% [Enter CAMILLO and ARCHIDAMUS] ARCHIDAMUS. If you shall chance, Camillo, to visit Bohemia, on the like occasion whereon my services are now on foot, you shall see, as I have said, great difference betwixt our Bohemia and your Sicilia. CAMILLO. I think this coming summer the King of Sicilia means to pay Bohemia the visitation which he justly owes him. ARCHIDAMUS. Wherein our entertainment shall shame us we will be justified in our loves; for indeed,-CAMILLO. Beseech you,-ARCHIDAMUS. Verily, I speak it in the freedom of my knowledge: we cannot with such magnificence--in so rare--I know not what to say.--We will give you sleepy

Thesaurus betwixt: (n) midst; (prep) among, unjustified, unreasonable, wrong, amid; (adv) atwixt. unworthy. entertainment: (n) distraction, justly: (adv) accurately, fairly, diversion, enjoyment, show, correctly, honestly, lawfully, pleasure, recreation, fun, reception, properly, exactly, uprightly, pastime; (adj, n) party; (n, v) legitimately, impartially, purely. regalement. ANTONYMS: (n) job, ANTONYMS: (adv) wrongly, boredom, discomfort. unfairly, unjustifiably, unjustly, justified: (adj) correct, right, proper, unlawfully, sinfully, falsely, elected, adopted, due, righteous, immorally. occasion: (n, v) cause; (n) case, event, sanctified, unearthly, regenerated, even. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfounded, juncture, episode, incident; (v) bring

about, create, beget, make, induce. sicilia: (n) Sicily. visitation: (v) visit, examination; (n) tribulation, calamity, annoyance, misfortune, irritation, infliction, inspection, test, ordeal.

6

The Winter's Tale

drinks, that your senses, unintelligent of our insufficience, may, though they cannot praise us, as little accuse us.% CAMILLO. You pay a great deal too dear for what's given freely. ARCHIDAMUS. Believe me, I speak as my understanding instructs me and as mine honesty puts it to utterance. CAMILLO. Sicilia cannot show himself overkind to Bohemia. They were trained together in their childhoods; and there rooted betwixt them then such an affection which cannot choose but branch now. Since their more mature dignities and royal necessities made separation of their society, their encounters, though not personal, have been royally attorneyed with interchange of gifts, letters, loving embassies; that they have seemed to be together, though absent; shook hands, as over a vast; and embraced as it were from the ends of opposed winds. The heavens continue their loves! ARCHIDAMUS. I think there is not in the world either malice or matter to alter it. You have an unspeakable comfort of your young Prince Mamillius: it is a gentleman of the greatest promise that ever came into my note. CAMILLO. I very well agree with you in the hopes of him. It is a gallant child; one that indeed physics the subject, makes old hearts fresh: they that went on crutches ere he was born desire yet their life to see him a man. ARCHIDAMUS. Would they else be content to die? CAMILLO. Yes; if there were no other excuse why they should desire to live. ARCHIDAMUS. If the king had no son, they would desire to live on crutches till he had one.

Thesaurus embraced: (adj) popular. counterchange, transpose; (n) traffic. royalty, really, majestically. gallant: (adj) fearless, brave, daring, malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, unintelligent: (adj) dull, silly, courageous, chivalrous, bold, manly, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, senseless, foolish, mindless, brainless, heroic, dashing, courteous, fine. cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. idiotic, inane, shallow, stolid, thick. ANTONYMS: (adj) boorish, rude, ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, ANTONYMS: (adj) intelligent, bright, selfish. benevolence, affection, goodness. clever, wise, confident, sensible. hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades. necessities: (n) supplies, necessity, unspeakable: (adj) ineffable, dreadful, insufficience: (n) insufficiency, deficit, essential, wants, support, awful, terrible, inexpressible, nasty, lack, paucity. subsistence, requirement, bread. horrible, atrocious, indefinable, interchange: (n, v) change, barter; (v) royally: (adv) imperially, splendidly, shocking; (adj, v) unutterable. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, wonderful, commute, switch, alternate, grandly, stately, magnificently, substitute, convert, replace, superbly, sovereignly, like Kings, like pleasant, good, lovely, bearable.

William Shakespeare

7

[Exeunt.]

SCENE II. THE SAME. A ROOM OF STATE IN THE PALACE.% [Enter LEONTES, POLIXENES, HERMIONE, MAMILLIUS, CAMILLO, and Attendants.] POLIXENES. Nine changes of the watery star hath been The shepherd's note since we have left our throne Without a burden: time as long again Would be fill'd up, my brother, with our thanks; And yet we should, for perpetuity, Go hence in debt: and therefore, like a cipher, Yet standing in rich place, I multiply With one we-thank-you many thousands more That go before it. LEONTES. Stay your thanks a while, And pay them when you part. POLIXENES. Sir, that's to-morrow. I am question'd by my fears, of what may chance Or breed upon our absence; that may blow No sneaping winds at home, to make us say, 'This is put forth too truly.' Besides, I have stay'd To tire your royalty. LEONTES. We are tougher, brother, Than you can put us to't.

Thesaurus breed: (n) variety, race, kind, ancestry, sort, order, species; (v) engender, multiply, beget, bear. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, eradicate, ignore, kill, neglect, quell. burden: (n, v) bother, weight, pack, burthen, trouble, clog, strain; (n) anxiety, bale, responsibility; (v) afflict. ANTONYMS: (v) relieve, lighten, free, disburden, alleviate, relax; (n, v) help; (n) tranquility, relaxation, peace, pleasure.

fears: (n) worries, uncertainties, royal family, fee, tax, nobility, doubts, qualms, misgivings. loyalty, majesty. forth: (adv) away, along, onward, tire: (n, v) bore, jade; (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, harass, fag, weary, wear, ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under pall, prostrate; (n) tyre. ANTONYMS: (v) interest, invigorate, energize. way. hence: (adv) consequently, for that watery: (adj) moist, diluted, wet, reason, therefore, thereby, away, dilute, washy, thin, damp, fluid, thus, for, then, because, henceforth, aqueous, weak, insipid. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, solid, dry, as a result. royalty: (n) regality, payment, soft, dehydrated, lively, dark, clear, kingship, royal line, royal house, thick, hard.

8

The Winter's Tale

POLIXENES. No longer stay.% LEONTES. One seven-night longer. POLIXENES. Very sooth, to-morrow. LEONTES. We'll part the time between's then: and in that I'll no gainsaying. POLIXENES. Press me not, beseech you, so, There is no tongue that moves, none, none i' the world, So soon as yours, could win me: so it should now, Were there necessity in your request, although 'Twere needful I denied it. My affairs Do even drag me homeward: which to hinder, Were, in your love a whip to me; my stay To you a charge and trouble: to save both, Farewell, our brother. LEONTES. Tongue-tied, our queen? Speak you. HERMIONE. I had thought, sir, to have held my peace until You had drawn oaths from him not to stay. You, sir, Charge him too coldly. Tell him, you are sure All in Bohemia's well: this satisfaction The by-gone day proclaimed: say this to him, He's beat from his best ward. LEONTES. Well said, Hermione.

Thesaurus beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject. coldly: (adv) frigidly, icily, coolly, indifferently, frostily, distantly, gelidly, reservedly, bleakly, wintrily, frozenly. ANTONYMS: (adv) warmly, affectionately, sympathetically, sensitively, kindly, cheerfully, emotionally. drag: (v) attract, draw, lug, cart, heave,

tow; (n, v) pull, puff; (adv, v) trail; (n) bother; (adj) dragging. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure; (v) hasten, hurry, shove, speed, rush, propel, fly. gainsaying: (n) censure, contrary declaration, contumely, detraction, negation, obloquy, denial, calumny; (adj) negative, opposed. homeward: (adj) oriented, orientated. needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v)

requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar. proclaimed: (adj) announced, indictive, declared publicly. sooth: (n) verity, soothsaying, fact, truth, reality. whip: (n, v) lash, strap, goad; (v) flog, flagellate, beat, punish, thrash, trounce, stir, wallop. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, return. yours: (adj) own.

William Shakespeare

9

HERMIONE. To tell he longs to see his son, were strong: But let him say so then, and let him go; But let him swear so, and he shall not stay, We'll thwack him hence with distaffs.-Yet of your royal presence[To POLIXENES.] I'll adventure The borrow of a week. When at Bohemia You take my lord, I'll give him my commission To let him there a month behind the gest Prefix'd for's parting:--yet, good deed, Leontes, I love thee not a jar of the clock behind What lady she her lord.--You'll stay? POLIXENES. No, madam.% HERMIONE. Nay, but you will? POLIXENES. I may not, verily. HERMIONE. Verily! You put me off with limber vows; but I, Though you would seek to unsphere the stars with oaths, Should yet say 'Sir, no going.' Verily, You shall not go; a lady's verily is As potent as a lord's. Will go yet? Force me to keep you as a prisoner, Not like a guest: so you shall pay your fees When you depart, and save your thanks. How say you? My prisoner or my guest? by your dread verily, One of them you shall be.

Thesaurus deed: (n) accomplishment, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, doing, document, title, fact. ANTONYM: (n) failure. depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge, return. dread: (n, v) apprehension, fear, panic; (n) anxiety, awe, consternation,

alarm, trepidation, dismay, foreboding, terror. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasing, welcomed, pleasant; (v) welcome, want; (n) reassurance, fearlessness, confidence, security, ease, calm. limber: (adj, v) flexible, pliable; (adj) supple, lithe, agile, flexile, elastic, ductile, svelte, willowy, lissome. ANTONYMS: (adj) stiff, inflexible. potent: (adj) forcible, influential, forceful, cogent, hard, mighty,

persuasive, strong, efficacious; (adj, n) effective, effectual. ANTONYMS: (adj) impotent, ineffective, insignificant. stars: (n) heavenly bodies, fate. thwack: (n, v) hit, whack, thump, punch, wallop, slap; (v) smack, beat, strike, buffet; (n) blow. verily: (adj, adv) really; (adv) indeed, in reality, genuinely, quitely, actually, selfly, truely, identically, exactly; (adv, int) in truth.

10

The Winter's Tale

POLIXENES. Your guest, then, madam: To be your prisoner should import offending; Which is for me less easy to commit Than you to punish.% HERMIONE. Not your gaoler then, But your kind hostess. Come, I'll question you Of my lord's tricks and yours when you were boys. You were pretty lordings then. POLIXENES. We were, fair queen, Two lads that thought there was no more behind But such a day to-morrow as to-day, And to be boy eternal. HERMIONE. Was not my lord the verier wag o' the two? POLIXENES. We were as twinn'd lambs that did frisk i' the sun And bleat the one at th' other. What we chang'd Was innocence for innocence; we knew not The doctrine of ill-doing, nor dream'd That any did. Had we pursu'd that life, And our weak spirits ne'er been higher rear'd With stronger blood, we should have answer'd heaven Boldly 'Not guilty,' the imposition clear'd Hereditary ours. HERMIONE. By this we gather You have tripp'd since.

Thesaurus bleat: (v) blat, kvetch, gripe, moan, whimper, cry, blate, quetch, utter, emit; (n) baaing. eternal: (adj) constant, perpetual, ceaseless, everlasting, lasting, continual, aeonian, immortal, boundless, deathless, enduring. ANTONYMS: (adj) mortal, finite, brief, ephemeral, fleeting, terminable, ending, fragile, inconstant. frisk: (v) caper, cavort, frolic, skip, bound, search; (n, v) play, romp, leap,

Fisk; (n) prance. hoax, tax, swindle, wile, infliction. hostess: (n) mistress, air hostess, flight innocence: (n) blamelessness, chastity, attendant, housewife, steward, ignorance, ingenuousness, purity, innkeeper, landlady, prostitute, host. gullibility, artlessness, innocent, import: (n, v) matter, sense, denote; (n) simplicity, harmlessness, guiltlessness. ANTONYMS: (n) meaning, effect, connotation, implication, moment, significance, sophistication, experience, fault, value; (v) imply. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dirtiness, wariness, dishonesty. export; (n) insignificance, ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not. tricks: (n) actions, behavior, thing, inconsequence, triviality. imposition: (adj, n) exaction; (n) cheat, clowning around, fooling, magic, trick, deceit, imposture, demand, plunder, possession, activities.

William Shakespeare

11

POLIXENES. O my most sacred lady, Temptations have since then been born to 's! for In those unfledg'd days was my wife a girl; Your precious self had then not cross'd the eyes Of my young play-fellow.% HERMIONE. Grace to boot! Of this make no conclusion, lest you say Your queen and I are devils: yet, go on; The offences we have made you do we'll answer; If you first sinn'd with us, and that with us You did continue fault, and that you slipp'd not With any but with us. LEONTES. Is he won yet? HERMIONE. He'll stay, my lord. LEONTES. At my request he would not. Hermione, my dearest, thou never spok'st To better purpose. HERMIONE. Never? LEONTES. Never but once. HERMIONE. What! have I twice said well? when was't before? I pr'ythee tell me; cram 's with praise, and make 's As fat as tame things: one good deed dying tongueless

Thesaurus cram: (v) pack, ram, jam, fill, chock up, criticism, disparagement; (v) compress, shove, load, ingurgitate, reprimand, disparage, reproach, overeat, compact. ANTONYMS: (v) scold, belittle, rebuke, chastise, deplete, unpack, disperse. denigrate, sully. dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, sacred: (adj) holy, hallowed, dedicated, lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; consecrated, divine, religious, pious, (adj) precious, intimate, sweet. spiritual, inviolable, blessed; (adj, v) devils: (n) unclean spirits. solemn. ANTONYMS: (adj) profane, praise: (v) approve, extol, flatter, unconsecrated, cursed, breakable. celebrate, glorify; (n, v) commend, tame: (v) break, subdue, soften, domesticate; (adj) meek, docile, compliment, honor, glory, acclaim; (n) applause. ANTONYMS: (n) bland, domestic, gentle, slow; (adj, v)

moderate. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, bright, unmanageable, interesting, untamed, inspiring, brilliant, colorful, rebellious, lively. thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage. tongueless: (adj) voiceless, dumb, inarticulate, silent, speechless, unspoken, wordless, aglossal, breathless. ANTONYM: (adj) tongued.

12

The Winter's Tale

Slaughters a thousand waiting upon that. Our praises are our wages; you may ride 's With one soft kiss a thousand furlongs ere With spur we heat an acre. But to the goal:-My last good deed was to entreat his stay; What was my first? it has an elder sister, Or I mistake you: O, would her name were Grace! But once before I spoke to the purpose--when? Nay, let me have't; I long.% LEONTES. Why, that was when Three crabbed months had sour'd themselves to death, Ere I could make thee open thy white hand And clap thyself my love; then didst thou utter 'I am yours for ever.' HERMIONE. It is Grace indeed. Why, lo you now, I have spoke to the purpose twice; The one for ever earn'd a royal husband; Th' other for some while a friend. [Giving her hand to POLIXENES.] LEONTES. Too hot, too hot! [Aside.] To mingle friendship far is mingling bloods. I have tremor cordis on me;--my heart dances; But not for joy,--not joy.--This entertainment May a free face put on; derive a liberty From heartiness, from bounty, fertile bosom, And well become the agent: 't may, I grant: But to be paddling palms and pinching fingers,

Thesaurus clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer. crabbed: (adj) abstruse, sour, grumpy, morose, crusty, surly, churlish, moody, irritable, huffy; (adj, n) austere. entreat: (v) beg, beseech, ask, implore, pray, adjure, appeal, request, conjure, crave, bid. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, reject.

heartiness: (n) eagerness, fervor, geniality, zeal, sincerity, wholeheartedness, inwardness, ardor, avidity, craving; (adj, n) hospitality. mingle: (v) compound, combine, merge, amalgamate, intermix, mix, commingle, associate, confuse, join, intermingle. ANTONYM: (v) part. mingling: (adj) blending, merging, confluent, blended; (n) mixture, mixing, commixtion, interchange,

exchange, commixture; (adv) minglingly. paddling: (n) defeat, boating. pinching: (adj) biting, niggardly, fresh, piercing, cutting, inclement, keen, bitter, niveous, bleak; (adv) pinchingly. tremor: (n, v) shiver, quake, shudder, shake; (n) agitation, vibration, earthquake, convulsion; (adj, v) flutter; (adj, n) trepidation; (v) tremble.

William Shakespeare

13

As now they are; and making practis'd smiles As in a looking-glass; and then to sigh, as 'twere The mort o' the deer: O, that is entertainment My bosom likes not, nor my brows,--Mamillius, Art thou my boy? MAMILLIUS. Ay, my good lord.% LEONTES. I' fecks! Why, that's my bawcock. What! hast smutch'd thy nose?-They say it is a copy out of mine. Come, captain, We must be neat;--not neat, but cleanly, captain: And yet the steer, the heifer, and the calf, Are all call'd neat.--Still virginalling [Observing POL. and HER.] Upon his palm?--How now, you wanton calf! Art thou my calf? MAMILLIUS. Yes, if you will, my lord. LEONTES. Thou want'st a rough pash, and the shoots that I have, To be full like me:--yet they say we are Almost as like as eggs; women say so, That will say anything: but were they false As o'er-dy'd blacks, as wind, as waters,--false As dice are to be wish'd by one that fixes No bourn 'twixt his and mine; yet were it true To say this boy were like me.--Come, sir page, Look on me with your welkin eye: sweet villain! Most dear'st! my collop!--Can thy dam?--may't be? Affection! thy intention stabs the centre:

Thesaurus bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority. bourn: (n) bounds, border, Bourne, limit, confine, bound, term, borne, barrier, but, curbstone. calf: (n) calves, calfskin, sura, foal, shorthorn, pup, kitten, colt, leather, kid, box calf. cleanly: (adj) clean; (adv) clearly, tidily, purely, neatly, freshly, immaculately,

manage; (n, v) lead, point. spotlessly, unsulliedly, fairly, wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, unadulteratedly. dice: (v) cube, cut, chop, cut up, play licentious, unchaste, lewd, dice, bet; (n) die, dice box, bone, dees. debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, heifer: (n) cow, shorthorn, quey, milch v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, cow. likes: (n) kind, sort, type. decent, clean, careful, observant, mort: (n) corpse, carcass. justifiable, involuntary. pash: (v) shiver, snog, splinter; (n) welkin: (n) sphere, empyrean, love, affection, adoration. firmament, heavens, sky, vault of steer: (v) navigate, guide, direct, drive, heaven, celestial sphere, heaven, aim, conduct, maneuver, run, orbit, sphere of influence, surface.

14

The Winter's Tale

Thou dost make possible things not so held, Communicat'st with dreams;--how can this be?-With what's unreal thou co-active art, And fellow'st nothing: then 'tis very credent Thou mayst co-join with something; and thou dost,-And that beyond commission; and I find it,-And that to the infection of my brains And hardening of my brows.% POLIXENES. What means Sicilia? HERMIONE. He something seems unsettled. POLIXENES. How! my lord! What cheer? How is't with you, best brother? HERMIONE. You look As if you held a brow of much distraction: Are you mov'd, my lord? LEONTES. No, in good earnest.-How sometimes nature will betray its folly, Its tenderness, and make itself a pastime To harder bosoms! Looking on the lines Of my boy's face, methoughts I did recoil Twenty-three years; and saw myself unbreech'd, In my green velvet coat; my dagger muzzled, Lest it should bite its master, and so prove, As ornaments oft do, too dangerous. How like, methought, I then was to this kernel,

Thesaurus betray: (v) deceive, bewray, sell, grass, hardening: (v) harden; (n) (adj, v) ideal, fancied. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, natural, substantial, dupe, reveal, mislead, disclose, solidification, curing, sclerosis, accuse, befool, bamboozle. callosity, calcification, symptom, authentic, ordinary, plausible. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, undeceive, inurement, hardener; (adj) unsettled: (adj) changeable, hide, defend, withhold. reprobation, perversion. undecided, doubtful, uneasy, brow: (n) peak, brink, brows, height, ornaments: (n) stuff, trim, outstanding, variable, unpaid, unresolved; (adj, v) unfixed, summit, forehead, eyebrow, edge, ornamentation, equipments, dress, crown, brim, border. ANTONYM: (n) disposition, custom, curios, indefinite, undetermined. ANTONYMS: (adj) confident, trough. condition, clothing, gaudery. dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade, unreal: (adj) illusory, fantastic, definite, decided, well, sure, happy, obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, fanciful, imaginary, insubstantial, constant, conclusive, certain, calmed, grapheme, saber, skean. artificial, fictitious, visionary, untrue; calm.

William Shakespeare

15

This squash, this gentleman.--Mine honest friend, Will you take eggs for money? MAMILLIUS. No, my lord, I'll fight.% LEONTES. You will? Why, happy man be 's dole!--My brother, Are you so fond of your young prince as we Do seem to be of ours? POLIXENES. If at home, sir, He's all my exercise, my mirth, my matter: Now my sworn friend, and then mine enemy; My parasite, my soldier, statesman, all: He makes a July's day short as December; And with his varying childness cures in me Thoughts that would thick my blood. LEONTES. So stands this squire Offic'd with me. We two will walk, my lord, And leave you to your graver steps.--Hermione, How thou lov'st us show in our brother's welcome; Let what is dear in Sicily be cheap: Next to thyself and my young rover, he's Apparent to my heart. HERMIONE. If you would seek us, We are yours i' the garden. Shall's attend you there? LEONTES. To your own bents dispose you: you'll be found, Be you beneath the sky. [Aside.] I am angling now.

Thesaurus angling: (v) angle, hawking, fishing, fleet angle, shooting. dispose: (n, v) incline, order, influence; (v) adjust, predispose, position, place, lead, tend; (n) bias, array. ANTONYMS: (v) disturb, disqualify, displace, disorder, disincline, disarrange. graver: (v) style, denominate, entitle, fashion; (n) engraver, graving tool. mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) amusement, happiness, delight, joy,

hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: (n) gloom, sadness, misery. parasite: (n) sponge, freeloader, sponger, bloodsucker, hanger-on, scrounger, ectoparasite, endoparasite, sucker, louse; (n, v) sycophant. rover: (n) wanderer, buccaneer, vagrant, vagabond, rambler, ranger, traveler, roamer, corsair, freebooter, filibuster. squash: (n, v) crush, press, squeeze;

(adj, v) mash; (v) quell, smash, compress, quash, flatten, oppress; (n) pumpkin. ANTONYMS: (v) pull, boost, expand, loosen. statesman: (n) politician, diplomat, politico, Cicero, bacon, solon, national leader, strategist, minister, schemer, Julian. sworn: (adj) extreme, mortal, implacable, engaged, dedicated, committed, betrothed, bespoken, affianced, inveterate.

16

The Winter's Tale

Though %you perceive me not how I give line. Go to, go to! [Observing POLIXENES and HERMIONE.] How she holds up the neb, the bill to him! And arms her with the boldness of a wife To her allowing husband! Gone already! [Exeunt POLIXENES, HERMIONE, and ATTENDANTS.] Inch-thick, knee-deep, o'er head and ears a fork'd one!-Go, play, boy, play:-- thy mother plays, and I Play too; but so disgrac'd a part, whose issue Will hiss me to my grave: contempt and clamour Will be my knell.--Go, play, boy, play.--There have been, Or I am much deceiv'd, cuckolds ere now; And many a man there is, even at this present, Now while I speak this, holds his wife by the arm That little thinks she has been sluic'd in his absence, And his pond fish'd by his next neighbour, by Sir Smile, his neighbour; nay, there's comfort in't, Whiles other men have gates, and those gates open'd, As mine, against their will: should all despair That hath revolted wives, the tenth of mankind Would hang themselves. Physic for't there's none; It is a bawdy planet, that will strike Where 'tis predominant; and 'tis powerful, think it, From east, west, north, and south: be it concluded, No barricado for a belly: know't; It will let in and out the enemy With bag and baggage. Many thousand of us Have the disease, and feel't not.--How now, boy! MAMILLIUS. I am like you, they say.

Thesaurus baggage: (n) bag, bags, trunk, pack, gear, equipment, stuff, effects, suitcases, woman, thing. barricado: (v) block, impede, jam, obstruct, occlude, bar. bawdy: (adj) coarse, gross, obscene, smutty, naughty, raunchy, risque, vulgar, lewd, loose; (n) bawdry. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, clean, chaste, proper. belly: (n) stomach, inside, pregnancy, maw, bowels, intestines, waist,

corporation; (v) balloon, swell, bloat. boldness: (n) prowess, face, daring, valor, nerve, assurance, heroism, audaciousness, spirit, cheek, valour. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, shyness, timidity, meekness, reticence. gates: (n) bill Gates. hiss: (v) fizz, spit, whiz, whisper, whoosh; (n) buzz, jeer, hissing, ridicule; (n, v) hoot, taunt. o'er: (adv) on, upon, across. physic: (n) medicine, aperient,

cathartic, medication, healing, medicament, drug; (n, v) cure, doctor, remedy; (v) heal. predominant: (adj) paramount, chief, overriding, prevailing, main, supreme, ruling, sovereign, principal; (adj, v) prevalent, regnant. ANTONYMS: (adj) minor, subsidiary, peripheral, sparse. revolted: (adj) sickened, sick, shocked, horrified, disgusted, appalled. wives: (n) woman.

William Shakespeare

17

LEONTES. Why, that's some comfort.-What! Camillo there? CAMILLO. Ay, my good lord.% LEONTES. Go play, Mamillius; thou'rt an honest man.-[Exit MAMILLIUS.] Camillo, this great sir will yet stay longer. CAMILLO. You had much ado to make his anchor hold: When you cast out, it still came home. LEONTES. Didst note it? CAMILLO. He would not stay at your petitions; made His business more material. LEONTES. Didst perceive it?-They're here with me already; whispering, rounding, 'Sicilia is a so-forth.' 'Tis far gone When I shall gust it last.--How came't, Camillo, That he did stay? CAMILLO. At the good queen's entreaty. LEONTES. At the queen's be't: good should be pertinent; But so it is, it is not. Was this taken By any understanding pate but thine? For thy conceit is soaking, will draw in

Thesaurus anchor: (n) mainstay, armature, grappling iron, grapnel, chapelet; (v) fasten, secure, cast anchor, fix; (adj) refuge, rest. ANTONYMS: (v) release, detach. came: (v) arrive, come. conceit: (n) pretension, vanity, selfesteem, pride, assumption, egotism, fancy, haughtiness, conception, caprice, quip. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, timidity, selflessness, humbleness, reserve.

entreaty: (n) plea, prayer, request, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, petition, adjuration, supplication, suit, demand, desire, invocation; (v) observe, ignore. soaking: (adj, adv) sopping; (adj) wet, solicitation. gust: (n) eruption, flurry, blow, blast, soaked, sodden, saturated, soggy; (n) soak, dip, sousing, souse; (adv, v) puff, flare, explosion, gale, storm, breeze; (adj, n) whiff. dripping. ANTONYM: (adj) dry. pate: (n) crown, noddle, nob, crest, whispering: (n) whisper, murmur, chief, poll, cerebrum, brainpan, susurration, rustle, report, stage whisper; (adj, n) rustling; (adj) cranium, scull, upper story. perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, susurrant, tranquil, hoarse, discover, see, grasp, find, know, susurrous.

18

The Winter's Tale

More than the common blocks:--not noted, is't, But of the finer natures? by some severals Of head-piece extraordinary? lower messes Perchance are to this business purblind? say.% CAMILLO. Business, my lord! I think most understand Bohemia stays here longer. LEONTES. Ha! CAMILLO. Stays here longer. LEONTES. Ay, but why? CAMILLO. To satisfy your highness, and the entreaties Of our most gracious mistress. LEONTES. Satisfy Th' entreaties of your mistress!--satisfy!-Let that suffice. I have trusted thee, Camillo, With all the nearest things to my heart, as well My chamber-councils, wherein, priest-like, thou Hast cleans'd my bosom; I from thee departed Thy penitent reform'd: but we have been Deceiv'd in thy integrity, deceiv'd In that which seems so. CAMILLO. Be it forbid, my lord! LEONTES. To bide upon't,--thou art not honest; or,

Thesaurus bide: (v) abide, await, endure, bear, remain, last, dwell; (adj, v) tarry, wait; (adj) tolerate, stand. ANTONYMS: (v) go, move, hurry. forbid: (v) prohibit, ban, disallow, bar, obstruct, exclude, deny, avert, frustrate, to prohibit, enjoin. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, let, approve, authorize, stand. gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n)

benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor. highness: (n) excellency, altitude, loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur. penitent: (adj) contrite, apologetic, sorry, remorseful, regretful, guilty, sorrowful, rueful, penitential; (n)

flagellant, religionist. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrepentant, impenitent, unashamed, unremorseful. purblind: (adj) obtuse, opaque, dim, dumb, myopic, nearsighted, dense, dull, blinding, visually impaired; (v) shortsighted. suffice: (v) satisfy, do, answer, content, fulfill, be sufficient, qualify, function, be enough, suit, fulfil. wherein: (adv) in what, in which, where.

William Shakespeare

19

If thou inclin'st that way, thou art a coward, Which hoxes honesty behind, restraining From course requir'd; or else thou must be counted A servant grafted in my serious trust, And therein negligent; or else a fool That seest a game play'd home, the rich stake drawn, And tak'st it all for jest.% CAMILLO. My gracious lord, I may be negligent, foolish, and fearful; In every one of these no man is free, But that his negligence, his folly, fear, Among the infinite doings of the world, Sometime puts forth: in your affairs, my lord, If ever I were wilful-negligent, It was my folly; if industriously I play'd the fool, it was my negligence, Not weighing well the end; if ever fearful To do a thing, where I the issue doubted, Whereof the execution did cry out Against the non-performance, 'twas a fear Which oft affects the wisest: these, my lord, Are such allow'd infirmities that honesty Is never free of. But, beseech your grace, Be plainer with me; let me know my trespass By its own visage: if I then deny it, 'Tis none of mine. LEONTES. Have not you seen, Camillo,-But that's past doubt: you have, or your eye-glass Is thicker than a cuckold's horn,--or heard,--

Thesaurus doings: (n) conduct, behavior, infinite: (adj) absolute, eternal, behaviour, deportment, demeanour, endless, countless, immense, proceeding, episode, traffic; (v) act, incalculable, boundless, innumerable, deed, job. immeasurable, everlasting, spaceless. honesty: (adj, n) candor, justice, ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, limited, fidelity, equity; (n) integrity, fairness, restricted, small, tiny, slight. negligent: (adj) neglectful, heedless, candidness, probity, frankness, rectitude, faith. ANTONYMS: (n) forgetful, reckless, inattentive, dishonesty, wickedness, treachery, inadvertent, indifferent, slow, lax, untidy; (adj, v) remiss. ANTONYMS: deceit, deception, deviousness, (adj) strict, diligent, conscientious, decadence, affectation, caution, evasiveness, injustice. careful, dutiful, prompt, prudent,

responsible, sensible, cautious. therein: (adv) in this, in there. visage: (n) face, look, mug, physiognomy, expression, kisser, appearance, aspect, brow, smiler, forehead. weighing: (n) deliberation, consideration, think, advisement, speculation, quantify, weigh, unhurriedness, study, slowness, ponderation.

20

The Winter's Tale

For, to a vision so apparent, rumour Cannot be mute,--or thought,--for cogitation Resides not in that man that does not think it,-My wife is slippery? If thou wilt confess,-Or else be impudently negative, To have nor eyes nor ears nor thought,--then say My wife's a hobby-horse; deserves a name As rank as any flax-wench that puts to Before her troth-plight: say't and justify't.% CAMILLO. I would not be a stander-by to hear My sovereign mistress clouded so, without My present vengeance taken: 'shrew my heart, You never spoke what did become you less Than this; which to reiterate were sin As deep as that, though true. LEONTES. Is whispering nothing? Is leaning cheek to cheek? is meeting noses? Kissing with inside lip? Stopping the career Of laughter with a sigh?--a note infallible Of breaking honesty;--horsing foot on foot? Skulking in corners? wishing clocks more swift; Hours, minutes; noon, midnight? and all eyes Blind with the pin and web but theirs, theirs only, That would unseen be wicked?--is this nothing? Why, then the world and all that's in't is nothing; The covering sky is nothing; Bohemia nothing; My is nothing; nor nothing have these nothings, If this be nothing.

Thesaurus clocks: (n) alfilaria, alfileria, storksbill, pin clover, redstem storksbill, pin grass, filaria, filaree. clouded: (adj, n) cloudy; (adj) gloomy, dark, overcast, obscure, blurred, foggy, misty, hazy, bleary; (v) cymophanous. ANTONYM: (adj) clear. corners: (adj) cornered. impudently: (adv) saucily, rudely, pertly, audaciously, boldly, insolently, brazenly,

world. ANTONYMS: (adj) seen, presumptuously, daringly, cheekily, freshly. visible, open, famous, noticeable. midnight: (n) dark, noon, hour. vengeance: (n) retribution, reprisal, reiterate: (v) recapitulate, iterate, retaliation, requital, avengement, rehearse, echo, ingeminate, recur, wrath, vendetta, spite, revengeance; (n, v) avenge, resentment. duplicate, say again, reword, retell, ANTONYMS: (n) forgiveness, restate. stander-by: (n) spectator. acceptance. unseen: (adj, v) unknown; (adj) wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, invisible, concealed, hidden, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, unobserved, secret, veiled, latent; (v) tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) unheeded, unperceived; (n) spiritual flourish, rise, rally.

William Shakespeare

21

CAMILLO. Good my lord, be cur'd Of this diseas'd opinion, and betimes; For 'tis most dangerous.% LEONTES. Say it be, 'tis true. CAMILLO. No, no, my lord. LEONTES. It is; you lie, you lie: I say thou liest, Camillo, and I hate thee; Pronounce thee a gross lout, a mindless slave; Or else a hovering temporizer, that Canst with thine eyes at once see good and evil, Inclining to them both.--Were my wife's liver Infected as her life, she would not live The running of one glass. CAMILLO. Who does infect her? LEONTES. Why, he that wears her like her medal, hanging About his neck, Bohemia: who--if I Had servants true about me, that bare eyes To see alike mine honour as their profits, Their own particular thrifts,--they would do that Which should undo more doing: ay, and thou, His cupbearer,--whom I from meaner form Have bench'd and rear'd to worship; who mayst see, Plainly as heaven sees earth and earth sees heaven, How I am galled,--mightst bespice a cup,

Thesaurus alike: (adj) corresponding, equal, touch, animate; (adj) contagious. enthralling, voluntary. ANTONYMS: (v) purify, disinfect, servants: (n) staff, suite. equivalent, cognate, analogical, temporizer: (adj, n) trimmer; (n) parallel, analogous, identical, similar, clean. lout: (adj, n) gawk, goon, klutz; (n) oaf, temporiser, temporist; (adj) foes to the same, duplicate. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, dissimilar, contrasting, clown, boor, loon, rube, lump, nobleness. undo: (v) loosen, open, annul, cancel, unalike, disparate, unlike, opposite; lubber, hoodlum. (adv) differently, unequally, mindless: (adj) inane, fatuous, foolish, separate, disentangle, untie, unfold, unevenly. asinine, stupid, unthinking, reverse, disconnect, nullify. hovering: (adj) suspended, poised, thoughtless, senseless, inconsiderate, ANTONYMS: (v) attach, close, do, hollow; (adj, v) forgetful. impending, flying, high. wrap, tangle, validate, knot, lock, infect: (v) contaminate, corrupt, affect, ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, permit, unite, approve. inspire, foul, pollute, defile, poison, intelligent, wise, mindful,

22

The Winter's Tale

To give mine enemy a lasting wink; Which draught to me were cordial.% CAMILLO. Sir, my lord, I could do this; and that with no rash potion, But with a ling'ring dram, that should not work Maliciously like poison: but I cannot Believe this crack to be in my dread mistress, So sovereignly being honourable. I have lov'd thee,-LEONTES. Make that thy question, and go rot! Dost think I am so muddy, so unsettled, To appoint myself in this vexation; sully The purity and whiteness of my sheets,-Which to preserve is sleep; which being spotted Is goads, thorns, nettles, tails of wasps; Give scandal to the blood o' the prince, my son,-Who I do think is mine, and love as mine,-Without ripe moving to 't?--Would I do this? Could man so blench? CAMILLO. I must believe you, sir: I do; and will fetch off Bohemia for't; Provided that, when he's remov'd, your highness Will take again your queen as yours at first, Even for your son's sake; and thereby for sealing The injury of tongues in courts and kingdoms Known and allied to yours. LEONTES. Thou dost advise me

Thesaurus blench: (v) blanch, recoil, quail, blink, flinch, bleach, shrink back, shrink, cringe, cower, whiten. dram: (n) drachma, nip, ankus, spot, dynamic random access memory, snifter, blast, apothecaries' weight; (n, v) potion; (v) drench, swill. draught: (n, v) draft, sketch, design, potation, plan; (n) dose, air current, wind, gulp, outline; (v) blueprint. rash: (adj, n) foolhardy, hasty, precipitate, eruption; (adj) imprudent,

reckless, impetuous, heedless, tail, waste, evening dress, dress coat, audacious, sudden; (adj, adv) coat, morning coat, cutaway, thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) formalwear. thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby. cautious, careful, sensible, wise, vexation: (adj, n) annoyance, nuisance; considered, deliberate, prudent, (n) irritation, worry, aggravation, modest, slow, responsible, patient. sovereignly: (adv) autonomously, displeasure, chagrin, chafe, anger, princely, chiefly, dominantly, frustration, botheration. whiteness: (n) paleness, ivory, chalk, paramountly, royally, predominantly, independently, pearl, bone, bleach, alabaster, extremely, monarchally, liegely. frostiness, hoariness, pallor, tails: (n) dress suit, tail coat, full dress, innocence. ANTONYM: (n) black.

William Shakespeare

23

Even so as I mine own course have set down: I'll give no blemish to her honour, none.% CAMILLO. My lord, Go then; and with a countenance as clear As friendship wears at feasts, keep with Bohemia And with your queen: I am his cupbearer. If from me he have wholesome beverage, Account me not your servant. LEONTES. This is all: Do't, and thou hast the one-half of my heart; Do't not, thou splitt'st thine own. CAMILLO. I'll do't, my lord. LEONTES. I will seem friendly, as thou hast advis'd me. [Exit.] CAMILLO. O miserable lady!--But, for me, What case stand I in? I must be the poisoner Of good Polixenes: and my ground to do't Is the obedience to a master; one Who, in rebellion with himself, will have All that are his so too.--To do this deed, Promotion follows: if I could find example Of thousands that had struck anointed kings And flourish'd after, I'd not do't; but since Nor brass, nor stone, nor parchment, bears not one, Let villainy itself forswear't. I must Forsake the court: to do't, or no, is certain

Thesaurus anointed: (adj) hallowed, divine, sanction, support, favor; (v) allow, lambskin, diploma, testament, will; greasy; (v) anoint. tolerate, uphold. ANTONYMS: (v) (v) foolscap, tablet, table, slate, pillar. bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, reject, oppose, discourage, villainy: (n) evil, infamy, crime, order Carnivora. disapprove, prohibit. villany, misdeed, baseness, enormity, blemish: (n, v) stain, scar, flaw, blot, obedience: (n) meekness, submission, atrocity, evildoing, evilness, injustice. slur; (n) defect, stigma, fault; (v) wholesome: (adj) healthy, beneficial, deference, obeisance, acquiescence, deface; (adj, n) imperfection; (adj, v) subordination, bow, observance, salubrious, healthful, salutary, sound, disfigure. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, docility, loyalty, allegiance. good, nutritious, nourishing, pure, beautify, embellish, improve; (n) ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, hale. ANTONYMS: (adj) perfection, enhancement. defiance, naughtiness, resistance, unwholesome, unhealthy, impure, countenance: (n) aspect, expression, divergence, chaos, wildness. indecent, sordid, warped, tainted, brow, complexion; (n, v) face, parchment: (n) vellum, sheepskin, decadent, deadly, unsavory.

24

The Winter's Tale

To me a break-neck. Happy star reign now! Here comes Bohemia.% [Enter POLIXENES.] POLIXENES. This is strange! methinks My favour here begins to warp. Not speak?-Good-day, Camillo. CAMILLO. Hail, most royal sir! POLIXENES. What is the news i' the court? CAMILLO. None rare, my lord. POLIXENES. The king hath on him such a countenance As he had lost some province, and a region Lov'd as he loves himself; even now I met him With customary compliment; when he, Wafting his eyes to the contrary, and falling A lip of much contempt, speeds from me; So leaves me to consider what is breeding That changes thus his manners. CAMILLO. I dare not know, my lord. POLIXENES. How! dare not! do not. Do you know, and dare not Be intelligent to me? 'Tis thereabouts; For, to yourself, what you do know, you must, And cannot say, you dare not. Good Camillo, Your chang'd complexions are to me a mirror

Thesaurus compliment: (n, v) praise, honor; (v) laud, flattery, applaud, greet, adulation, congratulate, belaud; (n) eulogy, tribute. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, reproach, disparagement; (n, v) slander, libel; (v) criticize, denounce, disparage, denigrate, complain, belittle. contrary: (adj, n) contradictory, reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting, unfavorable, perverse, cross, disobedient, alien, different,

obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) similar, innovative, different, unfamiliar, harmonious, helpful, obliging, extraordinary, rare. compatible, complaisant, concordant, manners: (n) conduct, etiquette, parallel, agreeable, cooperative, propriety, behavior, deportment, favorable. manner, courtesy, custom, decorum, customary: (adj, n) accustomed, usual, good manners, usage. ANTONYM: habitual; (adj) conventional, ordinary, (n) vulgarity. warp: (v) distort, deform, contort, commonplace, traditional, average, falsify, garble, misrepresent; (n, v) wonted, regular, standard. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, bend, buckle, turn, bias; (n) distortion. ANTONYM: (v) clarify. abnormal, exceptional, unconventional, offbeat, irregular,

William Shakespeare

25

Which shows me mine chang'd too; for I must be A party in this alteration, finding Myself thus alter'd with't.% CAMILLO. There is a sickness Which puts some of us in distemper; but I cannot name the disease; and it is caught Of you that yet are well. POLIXENES. How! caught of me! Make me not sighted like the basilisk: I have look'd on thousands who have sped the better By my regard, but kill'd none so. Camillo,-As you are certainly a gentleman; thereto Clerk-like, experienc'd, which no less adorns Our gentry than our parents' noble names, In whose success we are gentle,--I beseech you, If you know aught which does behove my knowledge Thereof to be inform'd, imprison't not In ignorant concealment. CAMILLO. I may not answer. POLIXENES. A sickness caught of me, and yet I well! I must be answer'd.--Dost thou hear, Camillo, I conjure thee, by all the parts of man Which honour does acknowledge,--whereof the least Is not this suit of mine,--that thou declare What incidency thou dost guess of harm Is creeping toward me; how far off, how near;

Thesaurus aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, gentry: (n) aristocracy, gentility, openness, uncovering, revelation. cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, gentlefolk, nobility, elite, peerage, (adj) any. juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure squirearchy, second estate, society, behove: (v) behoove, become, befit, up, evoke, implore, bring up. upper class. creeping: (n) creep, crawl, locomotion, ignorant: (adj) unconscious, unwitting, meet, be fitting, fit, be right, be spreading; (v) lentor; (adj) reptile, proper, be appropriate. rude, illiterate, uneducated, blind, concealment: (n) suppression, slow, reptant, reptatory, serpiginous, dull, unaware, uninformed, confidentiality, concealing, secrecy, moving. unlearned, innocent. ANTONYMS: distemper: (n, v) tempera, tumult; (n) (adj) conscious, versed, cultured, screen, disguise, hiding, privacy, camouflage, blind, covering. disease, ailment, malady, paint, educated, informed, wary, literate, ANTONYMS: (n) discovery, coloring matter, stain, complaint; (v) aware, polite. sped: (v) done for. disclosure, exposure, expression, water glass, fresco.

26

The Winter's Tale

Which way to be prevented, if to be; If not, how best to bear it.% CAMILLO. Sir, I will tell you; Since I am charg'd in honour, and by him That I think honourable: therefore mark my counsel, Which must be ev'n as swiftly follow'd as I mean to utter it, or both yourself and me Cry lost, and so goodnight! POLIXENES. On, good Camillo. CAMILLO. I am appointed him to murder you. POLIXENES. By whom, Camillo? CAMILLO. By the king. POLIXENES. For what? CAMILLO. He thinks, nay, with all confidence he swears, As he had seen 't or been an instrument To vice you to't, that you have touch'd his queen Forbiddenly. POLIXENES. O, then my best blood turn To an infected jelly, and my name Be yok'd with his that did betray the best! Turn then my freshest reputation to A savour that may strike the dullest nostril

Thesaurus honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, weasand, nozzle, port, throat, (adj, n, v) express, declare; (adj, v) tell. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, venerable, glorious, honorable, trachea, naris, anterior naris, nare. savour: (n, v) relish; (v) taste, enjoy, distinguished, above-board, good, incomplete, uncertain, rather, slight; devour; (n) flavour, flavor, sapidity, (v) conceal, hide, block. worthy, right, noble. infected: (adj) diseased, dirty, impure, gusto, piquancy, tang, smack. vice: (adj, n) imperfection, defect, swiftly: (adv) rapidly, speedily, fleetly, blemish, failing, frailty; (n) tainted, festering, corrupt, unclean, morbid, stained, spoiled, soiled. promptly, expeditiously, alertly, corruption, sin, evil, immorality, ANTONYM: (adj) healthy. hastily, suddenly, readily; (adj, adv) iniquity, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) jelly: (n) conserve, jam, gelatin, aspic, quickly, fast. ANTONYMS: (adv) asset, strength, propriety, virtue, preserves, gelatine, kickshaw; (v) eventually, sluggishly, gradually. righteousness, goodness, good, jellify, jell, congeal; (adj) mucilage. utter: (v) say, state, speak, breathe, honesty; (adj) chief. nostril: (n) flue, chimney, funnel, articulate, deliver, voice, pronounce;

William Shakespeare

27

Where I arrive, and my approach be shunn'd, Nay, hated too, worse than the great'st infection That e'er was heard or read! CAMILLO. Swear his thought over By each particular star in heaven and By all their influences, you may as well Forbid the sea for to obey the moon As, or by oath remove, or counsel shake The fabric of his folly, whose foundation Is pil'd upon his faith, and will continue The standing of his body.% POLIXENES. How should this grow? CAMILLO. I know not: but I am sure 'tis safer to Avoid what's grown than question how 'tis born. If, therefore you dare trust my honesty,-That lies enclosed in this trunk, which you Shall bear along impawn'd,--away to-night. Your followers I will whisper to the business; And will, by twos and threes, at several posterns, Clear them o' the city: for myself, I'll put My fortunes to your service, which are here By this discovery lost. Be not uncertain; For, by the honour of my parents, I Have utter'd truth: which if you seek to prove, I dare not stand by; nor shall you be safer Than one condemn'd by the king's own mouth, thereon His execution sworn.

Thesaurus e'er: (adv) ever, forever. enclosed: (adj) surrounded, bounded, covered, limited, encircled, enveloped, besieged, closed, controlled; (v) contain; (adv) herewith. ANTONYMS: (adj) exposed, open, pervasive, outdoor. followers: (n) adherents, people, entourage, claque, faithful, disciples, supporters, multitude, attendants, support, suite. folly: (n) fatuity, foolishness, silliness,

tomfoolery, nonsense, stupidity, hear, conform, abide by, serve, craziness, density, freak; (adj, n) comply with; (n, v) mind, heed. irrationality, trifling. ANTONYM: (n) ANTONYMS: (v) disobey, defy, sense. break, transgress, infringe, challenge, fortunes: (n) adventures, fortune, deny. trunk: (n) stem, boot, torso, bole, body, personal narrative, life, journal. heard: (n) hearing. stalk, snout, proboscis, stock, tree oath: (n) expletive, malediction, trunk, box. imprecation, promise, affidavit, cuss, whisper: (n, v) murmur, hum, mumble, suggestion, hint, inkling; (v) swearing, pledge, assurance, asseveration; (v) swear. breathe, hiss; (n) rustle, trace, breath. obey: (v) comply, listen, keep, fulfill, ANTONYM: (n) information.

28

The Winter's Tale

POLIXENES. I do believe thee; I saw his heart in his face. Give me thy hand; Be pilot to me, and thy places shall Still neighbour mine. My ships are ready, and My people did expect my hence departure Two days ago.--This jealousy Is for a precious creature: as she's rare, Must it be great; and, as his person's mighty, Must it be violent; and as he does conceive He is dishonour'd by a man which ever Profess'd to him, why, his revenges must In that be made more bitter. Fear o'ershades me; Good expedition be my friend, and comfort The gracious queen, part of this theme, but nothing Of his ill-ta'en suspicion! Come, Camillo; I will respect thee as a father, if Thou bear'st my life off hence: let us avoid.% CAMILLO. It is in mine authority to command The keys of all the posterns: please your highness To take the urgent hour: come, sir, away. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus creature: (n) being, brute, animal, tool, neighbourhood. pilot: (n, v) guide, lead; (n) leader, individual, person, body, entity, aviator; (v) manage, direct, director, human, puppet, somebody. expedition: (n) dispatch, travel, conduct, fly, navigate; (adj) celerity, speed, haste, readiness, experimental. quest, tour; (n, v) campaign, journey, precious: (adj, n) beloved; (adj) crusade. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, valuable, costly, cherished, procrastination, slowing. invaluable, expensive, golden, choice, neighbour: (adj) neighboring, inestimable, exquisite; (n) darling. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap, hated, neighbouring, neighborly, adjacent, contiguous; (v) abut, populate, shabby. adjoin, butt on, butt against; (n) suspicion: (n) distrust, inkling,

misgiving, hunch, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition; (n, v) doubt, mistrust, fear. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, knowledge, information, carelessness, recklessness, certitude. urgent: (adj, v) importunate, important, clamorous; (adj) imperative, instant, immediate, quick, earnest, critical, serious, vital. ANTONYMS: (adj) unimportant, moderate, unnecessary, halfhearted, gentle, routine.

William Shakespeare

29

ACT II

SCENE I. SICILIA. A ROOM IN THE PALACE.% [Enter HERMIONE, MAMILLIUS, and LADIES.] HERMIONE. Take the boy to you: he so troubles me, 'Tis past enduring. FIRST LADY. Come, my gracious lord, Shall I be your playfellow? MAMILLIUS. No, I'll none of you. FIRST LADY. Why, my sweet lord? MAMILLIUS. You'll kiss me hard, and speak to me as if I were a baby still.--I love you better. SECOND LADY. And why so, my lord?

Thesaurus baby: (n) babe, child, darling; (v) transient, fleeting, mortal, modern, buddy, playfere, chum, friend. sweet: (adj) fresh, mellow, lovable, pamper, indulge, coddle, insubstantial, inconstant, fickle, mollycoddle, spoil; (adj, n) miniature, erratic, unstable. dear, pleasant, musical, melodious, young; (adj) small. ANTONYMS: (v) kiss: (n, v) caress, brush, embrace, pleasing, sugary; (adj, v) lovely; (adj, ignore, neglect; (adj) large, mature, touch; (n) osculation, salute, lip, Kiss n) beloved. ANTONYMS: (adj) big; (n) parent, adolescent, adult, of peace, kiss hands; (v) osculate, discordant, bitter, acid, sharp, acidic, grownup. love. pungent, salty, harsh, detestable, enduring: (adj) durable, abiding, none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, cacophonous, dry. zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, troubles: (n) dilemma, evils, harms, lasting, permanent, continuing, any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever. constant, hardy, immortal, eternal, ills. stable; (adv) enduringly. playfellow: (n) fellow, associate, pal, ANTONYMS: (adj) impatient, familiar, comrade, companion,

30

The Winter's Tale

MAMILLIUS. Not for because Your brows are blacker; yet black brows, they say, Become some women best; so that there be not Too much hair there, but in a semicircle Or a half-moon made with a pen.% SECOND LADY. Who taught you this? MAMILLIUS. I learn'd it out of women's faces.--Pray now, What colour are your eyebrows? FIRST LADY. Blue, my lord. MAMILLIUS. Nay, that's a mock: I have seen a lady's nose That has been blue, but not her eyebrows. FIRST LADY. Hark ye: The queen your mother rounds apace. We shall Present our services to a fine new prince One of these days; and then you'd wanton with us, If we would have you. SECOND LADY. She is spread of late Into a goodly bulk: good time encounter her! HERMIONE. What wisdom stirs amongst you? Come, sir, now I am for you again: pray you sit by us, And tell's a tale.

Thesaurus apace: (adj, adv) speedily, quickly; (adv) fast, rapidly, hastily, soon, promptly; (adj) forthwith, immediately, incontinently, shortly. ANTONYM: (adv) slowly. brows: (n) brow. encounter: (n) collision, conflict, battle, action, confrontation, brush; (n, v) combat, contest, rencounter; (v) confront, face. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, surrender, evade, avoid, yield; (n) shunning, avoidance, withdrawal.

goodly: (adv) benignly, kindly, invite, plead, beseech, appeal, strongly, rightly, graciously, importune, adjure, invoke. virtuously, soundly, uprightly; (adj) ANTONYM: (v) reject. rounds: (n) patrol, beat, route, patient sizable, handsome, respectable. half-moon: (n) curve, arc. rounds. mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) wisdom: (n) judiciousness, ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; knowledge, sapience, sagacity, sense, (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, prudence, discernment, insight, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, learning, depth, reasonableness. natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, folly, approve. inexperience, ignorance, flippancy, pray: (v) beg, implore, entreat, crave, banality.

William Shakespeare

31

MAMILLIUS. Merry or sad shall't be? HERMIONE. As merry as you will.% MAMILLIUS. A sad tale's best for winter. I have one Of sprites and goblins. HERMIONE. Let's have that, good sir. Come on, sit down;--come on, and do your best To fright me with your sprites: you're powerful at it. MAMILLIUS. There was a man,-HERMIONE. Nay, come, sit down: then on. MAMILLIUS. Dwelt by a churchyard:--I will tell it softly; Yond crickets shall not hear it. HERMIONE. Come on then, And give't me in mine ear. [Enter LEONTES, ANTIGONUS, LORDS, and GUARDS.] LEONTES. Was he met there? his train? Camillo with him? FIRST LORD. Behind the tuft of pines I met them; never Saw I men scour so on their way: I ey'd them Even to their ships.

Thesaurus crickets: (n) order Orthoptera, Gryllidae, family Gryllidae. fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, horror, consternation, apprehension. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, courage, confidence, security. merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful, glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome, lighthearted, festive; (adj, n) convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight.

mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n) excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve. scour: (v) scrub, ransack, burnish, abrade, furbish, polish, search, cleanse, graze, buff; (adj, v) flush. ANTONYM: (v) dirty. shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave. sprites: (n) red sprites, atmospheric electricity.

train: (v) aim, exercise, direct, educate, tame, prepare, school; (n, v) coach, trail, tail; (n) chain. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, forget; (n) head. tuft: (n) wisp, crest, cluster, truss, knot, fagot, tassel, strand, thicket, curl; (adj, n) feather. winter: (n) wintertime, season, time of year, hiems, frost, chill; (adj) wintery, wintry; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (n) heat.

32

The Winter's Tale

LEONTES. How bles'd am I In my just censure, in my true opinion!-Alack, for lesser knowledge!--How accurs'd In being so blest!--There may be in the cup A spider steep'd, and one may drink, depart, And yet partake no venom; for his knowledge Is not infected; but if one present The abhorr'd ingredient to his eye, make known How he hath drunk, he cracks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts;--I have drunk, and seen the spider. Camillo was his help in this, his pander:-There is a plot against my life, my crown; All's true that is mistrusted:--that false villain Whom I employ'd, was pre-employ'd by him: He has discover'd my design, and I Remain a pinch'd thing; yea, a very trick For them to play at will.--How came the posterns So easily open? FIRST LORD. By his great authority; Which often hath no less prevail'd than so, On your command.% LEONTES. I know't too well.-Give me the boy:--I am glad you did not nurse him: Though he does bear some signs of me, yet you Have too much blood in him. HERMIONE. What is this? sport?

Thesaurus censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand, reproach, attack, animadversion, abuse; (n) accusation, condemnation; (v) carp, condemn, berate. ANTONYMS: (v) approve, commend, allow, endorse, laud, permit, sanction; (n) approval, blessing, commendation; (n, v) compliment. drunk: (adj) tipsy, wet, tight, blotto, drunken, inebriated; (adj, n) inebriate; (n) boozer, dipsomaniac, drunkard,

drinker. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, communicate, join, have. clearheaded; (n) teetotaler. ANTONYM: (v) refrain. gorge: (v) glut, devour, cram, fill, spider: (n) spiders, tarantula, gobble, satiate, stuff; (n) abyss, cleft, arachnid, mussuk, chatti, lota, esophagus, chasm. ANTONYMS: (v) schooner, wedge ring, spinner, star nibble, fast; (n) hill. handle, terrine. ingredient: (adj, n) constituent; (n) venom: (n) poison, malice, bane, spite, component, element, factor, part, rancor, malevolence, maliciousness, malignity, hate, bitterness; (adj, n) composition, ingress, albumen, gall. ANTONYM: (n) affection. material, leaven, principle. partake: (v) deal, touch, share, consume, attend, eat, taste, receive,

William Shakespeare

33

LEONTES. Bear the boy hence; he shall not come about her; Away with him!--and let her sport herself [Exit MAMILLIUS, with some of the Guards.] With that she's big with;--for 'tis Polixenes Has made thee swell thus.% HERMIONE. But I'd say he had not, And I'll be sworn you would believe my saying, Howe'er you learn the nayward. LEONTES. You, my lords, Look on her, mark her well; be but about To say, 'she is a goodly lady' and The justice of your hearts will thereto add, ''Tis pity she's not honest, honourable': Praise her but for this her without-door form,-Which, on my faith, deserves high speech,--and straight The shrug, the hum or ha,--these petty brands That calumny doth use:--O, I am out, That mercy does; for calumny will sear Virtue itself:--these shrugs, these hum's, and ha's, When you have said 'she's goodly,' come between, Ere you can say' she's honest': but be it known, From him that has most cause to grieve it should be, She's an adultress! HERMIONE. Should a villain say so, The most replenish'd villain in the world, He were as much more villain: you, my lord, Do but mistake.

Thesaurus calumny: (n) defamation, slander, ANTONYMS: (adj) important, traducement, detraction, scandal, serious, generous, profound, obloquy, libel, vilification, slur, significant, expansive, crucial, backbiting, disparagement. considerable, broadminded, grieve: (n, v) distress, aggrieve, afflict, enormous. sorrow, annoy; (v) trouble, lament, shrug: (n) motion, nod, leer, nudge, deplore, bemoan, fret, bewail. glance, gesture, gesticulation, tip the ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, wink; (v) gesticulate, to shrug one's shoulders; (n, v) signal. encourage. petty: (adj) insignificant, trivial, little, swell: (n, v) rise, heave, increase, wave, billow; (v) enlarge, expand, frivolous, paltry, puny, negligible, puff, grow, bloat; (adj, n) dandy. light, mean, minute, exiguous.

ANTONYMS: (v) deflate, desiccate, shrink, compress, concentrate, wane; (n, v) decline; (adj) bad, horrible, shabby, awful. thereto: (adv) thereunto, moreover; (adj) likeness, accurate, coincidence, correct, correctness, deportment, detail, exact, expected. villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero.

34

The Winter's Tale

LEONTES. You have mistook, my lady, Polixenes for Leontes: O thou thing, Which I'll not call a creature of thy place, Lest barbarism, making me the precedent, Should a like language use to all degrees, And mannerly distinguishment leave out Betwixt the prince and beggar!--I have said, She's an adultress; I have said with whom: More, she's a traitor; and Camillo is A federary with her; and one that knows What she should shame to know herself But with her most vile principal, that she's A bed-swerver, even as bad as those That vulgars give boldest titles; ay, and privy To this their late escape.% HERMIONE. No, by my life, Privy to none of this. How will this grieve you, When you shall come to clearer knowledge, that You thus have publish'd me! Gentle my lord, You scarce can right me throughly then, to say You did mistake. LEONTES. No; if I mistake In those foundations which I build upon, The centre is not big enough to bear A school-boy's top.--Away with her to prison! He who shall speak for her is afar off guilty But that he speaks.

Thesaurus afar: (adv) off, away, far away, distantly, beyond, Afar off, in the distance, by far, apart; (adj) outlying, far. ANTONYMS: (adv) close, nearby, near; (prep) within. barbarism: (n) atrocity, barbarousness, barbarity, cruelty, savagery, Gothicism, vandalism, uncivilizedness, heathenism, vulgarism, savageness. ANTONYMS: (n) civility, nicety. foundations: (n) fundamentals,

foundation, practicalities, brass tacks, traitor: (n) betrayer, conspirator, details. Judas, renegade, rat, quisling, mannerly: (adj) civil, polite, genteel, deserter, cheat, collaborationist; (adj) urbane, decent, decorous, refined, insurgent, mutineer. ANTONYMS: courtly, gentlemanly; (adv) kindly, (n) loyalist, patriot. sortly. ANTONYMS: (adj) rude, vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, common, vulgar, impolite. throughly: (adv) completely, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, thoroughly, nonstoply, directly, overly, readily, endedly, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, completedly, straightly, perfectly, honorable, good, delightful, forward. admirable, noble.

William Shakespeare

35

HERMIONE. There's %some ill planet reigns: I must be patient till the heavens look With an aspect more favourable.--Good my lords, I am not prone to weeping, as our sex Commonly are; the want of which vain dew Perchance shall dry your pities; but I have That honourable grief lodg'd here, which burns Worse than tears drown: beseech you all, my lords, With thoughts so qualified as your charities Shall best instruct you, measure me;--and so The king's will be perform'd! LEONTES. [To the GUARD.] Shall I be heard? HERMIONE. Who is't that goes with me?--Beseech your highness My women may be with me; for, you see, My plight requires it.--Do not weep, good fools; There is no cause: when you shall know your mistress Has deserv'd prison, then abound in tears As I come out: this action I now go on Is for my better grace.--Adieu, my lord: I never wish'd to see you sorry; now I trust I shall.--My women, come; you have leave. LEONTES. Go, do our bidding; hence! [Exeunt QUEEN and LADIES, with GUARDS.] FIRST LORD. Beseech your highness, call the queen again.

Thesaurus abound: (v) swarm, teem, flow, overflow, burst; (n) exuberate, shower down, stream, rain, abundance; (adj) abundant. ANTONYM: (v) disperse. bidding: (n) behest, order, dictate, charge, bid, request, call, dictation, direction, fiat; (adj) imperative. drown: (v) drench, submerge, overwhelm, choke, engulf, flood, swamp, inundate, suffocate, asphyxiate; (adj, n, v) sink.

ANTONYMS: (v) float, swim, humble, useful, responsible, amplify, dry. worthwhile, effective. instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, weep: (v) wail, bawl, lament, sob, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, blubber, moan, howl, drip, greet, whimper; (n) tear. inform, command, indoctrinate, weeping: (adj) tearful, lachrymose, tutor. vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, dolourous, dolorous; (n, v) lament, lamentation; (v) wailing; (n) sobbing, fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, tears, cry; (adj, n) howling. ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYM: (n) celebration. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, women: (n) sex, gentle sex. possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful,

36

The Winter's Tale

ANTIGONUS. Be certain what you do, sir, lest your justice Prove violence, in the which three great ones suffer, Yourself, your queen, your son.% FIRST LORD. For her, my lord,-I dare my life lay down,--and will do't, sir, Please you to accept it,--that the queen is spotless I' the eyes of heaven and to you; I mean In this which you accuse her. ANTIGONUS. If it prove She's otherwise, I'll keep my stables where I lodge my wife; I'll go in couples with her; Than when I feel and see her no further trust her; For every inch of woman in the world, Ay, every dram of woman's flesh is false, If she be. LEONTES. Hold your peaces. FIRST LORD. Good my lord,-ANTIGONUS. It is for you we speak, not for ourselves: You are abus'd, and by some putter-on That will be damn'd for't: would I knew the villain, I would land-damn him. Be she honour-flaw'd,-I have three daughters; the eldest is eleven; The second and the third, nine and some five; If this prove true, they'll pay for 't. By mine honour, I'll geld 'em all: fourteen they shall not see,

Thesaurus accuse: (v) charge, incriminate, arraign, denounce, defame, criminate, indict, fault, betray, condemn, inculpate. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, exculpate, exonerate, praise, support, clear. dare: (n, v) venture; (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, risk, resist, make bold; (n) adventure, daring, defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) avoid, flee, pass, refrain, retreat, obey. eldest: (adj) elder, older, oldest, eigne;

(n) offspring, progeny, doyen. flesh: (adj) carnality, concupiscence; (n) mortality, beef, form, figure, frame, person, mankind, humanity, meat. fourteen: (adj, n) XIV. geld: (adj, v) emasculate; (v) alter, neuter, agitate, expurgate, glib, spay, demasculinize. heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj)

celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery. inch: (n) in, bit, column inch, morsel; (v) crawl, creep, ease; (adj) tatter, mite, seed, shive. knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize, wist. lodge: (n, v) cabin, place, house; (adj, v) live, dwell, reside, inhabit; (n) cottage; (v) quarter, accommodate, fix. ANTONYMS: (v) dislodge, evict. queen: (n) king, lady, sovereign, monarch, dame, pansy, queer, faggot, princess, fairy, czarina.

William Shakespeare

37

To bring false generations: they are co-heirs; And I had rather glib myself than they Should not produce fair issue.% LEONTES. Cease; no more. You smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose: but I do see't and feel't As you feel doing thus; and see withal The instruments that feel. ANTIGONUS. If it be so, We need no grave to bury honesty; There's not a grain of it the face to sweeten Of the whole dungy earth. LEONTES. What! Lack I credit? FIRST LORD. I had rather you did lack than I, my lord, Upon this ground: and more it would content me To have her honour true than your suspicion; Be blam'd for't how you might. LEONTES. Why, what need we Commune with you of this, but rather follow Our forceful instigation? Our prerogative Calls not your counsels; but our natural goodness Imparts this; which, if you,--or stupified Or seeming so in skill,--cannot or will not Relish a truth, like us, inform yourselves We need no more of your advice: the matter,

Thesaurus bury: (v) inter, overwhelm, lay to rest, feeble, retiring, lethargic, lackluster, instigation: (n) fomentation, hide, mask, secrete, conceal, cloak, forceless, calm, gentle, timid. encouragement, incitement, entomb, suppress; (n) burial. generations: (n) generation, family. abetment, incitation, agitation, ANTONYMS: (v) exhume, unearth, glib: (adj, v) voluble; (adj) facile, provocation, inducement, initiation, uncover, dig, disclose, distract, eloquent, slick, smooth, superficial, excitation, stimulus. seeming: (adj) ostensible, superficial, expose, ignore, reveal, air, remember. flippant, slippery, garrulous, dungy: (adj) filthy. persuasive, talkative. ANTONYMS: illusory, outward, probable, forceful: (adj) strenuous, emphatic, (adj) inarticulate, serious, halting, deceptive, specious; (adj, n) appearance, semblance; (n) aspect, dynamic, effective, pithy, cogent, hesitant, reticent. inform: (v) acquaint, impart, advise, show. ANTONYMS: (adj) actual, active, energetic, strong, insistent, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) enlighten, announce, tell, familiarize, deep, inner. unconvincing, mild, lightweight, explain, advertise, apprise, warn.

38

The Winter's Tale

The loss, the gain, the ord'ring on't, is all Properly ours.% ANTIGONUS. And I wish, my liege, You had only in your silent judgment tried it, Without more overture. LEONTES. How could that be? Either thou art most ignorant by age, Or thou wert born a fool. Camillo's flight, Added to their familiarity,-Which was as gross as ever touch'd conjecture, That lack'd sight only, nought for approbation, But only seeing, all other circumstances Made up to th' deed,--doth push on this proceeding. Yet, for a greater confirmation,-For, in an act of this importance, 'twere Most piteous to be wild,--I have despatch'd in post To sacred Delphos, to Apollo's temple, Cleomenes and Dion, whom you know Of stuff'd sufficiency: now, from the oracle They will bring all, whose spiritual counsel had, Shall stop or spur me. Have I done well? FIRST LORD. Well done, my lord,-LEONTES. Though I am satisfied, and need no more Than what I know, yet shall the oracle Give rest to the minds of others such as he Whose ignorant credulity will not Come up to th' truth: so have we thought it good

Thesaurus counsel: (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, warn; (n, v) caution, advocate; (n) barrister, advisement, consultation, admonition. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, trick, deceive, conceal, oppose; (n) warning. credulity: (n) credulousness, trustingness, trust, innocence, trustfulness, faith, lack of caution, navet, unwariness, acceptance. ANTONYM: (n) wariness.

nought: (adj, n) nil, naught, zero; (n) compassionate, unfortunate, poor, cipher, cypher, nobody, aught, nix, paltry, pitiable. null, nada; (adj) no. spur: (n) inducement, incentive, others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, impulse, stimulus; (n, v) prod, prick, incite, prompt; (v) provoke, impel, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission. overture: (n, v) offer, advance; (n) animate. ANTONYMS: (n) prelude, approach, introduction, discouragement, disincentive, preface, opening, presentation, feeler, deterrent; (v) calm, delay, inhibit. bid, motion. ANTONYMS: (n) finale, sufficiency: (n) enough, fill, conclusion, postscript. ampleness, adequateness, fullness, piteous: (adj) miserable, pitiful, capacity, competence, satisfaction, affluence; (adj, n) plenty, abundance. pathetic, doleful, lamentable, abject,

William Shakespeare

39

From our free person she should be confin'd; Lest that the treachery of the two fled hence Be left her to perform. Come, follow us; We are to speak in public; for this business Will raise us all.% ANTIGONUS. [Aside.] To laughter, as I take it, If the good truth were known. [Exeunt.]

SCENE II. THE SAME. THE OUTER ROOM OF A PRISON. [Enter PAULINA and ATTENDANTS.] PAULINA. The keeper of the prison,--call to him; Let him have knowledge who I am. [Exit an ATTENDANT.] Good lady! No court in Europe is too good for thee; What dost thou then in prison? [Re-enter ATTENDANT, with the KEEPER.] Now, good sir, You know me, do you not? KEEPER. For a worthy lady, And one who much I honour.

Thesaurus honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect. keeper: (n) curator, guardian, guard, warden, janitor, jailer, gaoler, warder, caretaker, sentry, conservator. laughter: (n) amusement, fun, guffaw, merriment, chortle, chuckle, mirth, hilarity, giggle, derision, happiness. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, gloom,

despair, boredom, misery, faithfulness, fidelity, reliability, despondency. allegiance, goodness. perform: (v) execute, fulfill, worthy: (adj) noble, good, meritorious, accomplish, do, achieve, complete, valuable, estimable, respectable, carry out, behave, make, play, deserving, worthwhile, virtuous, appear. ANTONYMS: (v) omit, honorable; (adj, n) celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unrespected, rehearse, malfunction, stop. treachery: (n) betrayal, disloyalty, disreputable, mediocre, petty, poor, infidelity, duplicity, treason, perfidy, unimpressive, insignificant, dishonorable, despicable; (n) nobody. falseness, faithlessness, perfidiousness, guile, dishonesty. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty,

40

The Winter's Tale

PAULINA. Pray you, then, Conduct me to the queen.% KEEPER. I may not, madam; To the contrary I have express commandment. PAULINA. Here's ado, to lock up honesty and honour from The access of gentle visitors!--Is't lawful, Pray you, to see her women? any of them? Emilia? KEEPER. So please you, madam, To put apart these your attendants, I Shall bring Emilia forth. PAULINA. I pray now, call her. Withdraw yourselves. [Exeunt ATTENDANTS.] KEEPER. And, madam, I must be present at your conference. PAULINA. Well, be't so, pr'ythee. [Exit KEEPER.] Here's such ado to make no stain a stain As passes colouring. [Re-enter KEEPER, with EMILIA.] Dear gentlewoman, How fares our gracious lady?

Thesaurus attendants: (n) entourage, followers, sheer. gentlewoman: (n) lady, madam, retinue, tendance, persons present, suite. dame, woman, noblewoman, doll, commandment: (n) order, command, bird, adult female, noble, chick, fiat, edict, law, regulation, bidding, ma'am. decree, caution, behest, prescription. lady: (n) gentlewoman, Mrs, duchess, gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, countess, spouse, madam, ma'am, milady, matron, woman; (v) squaw. affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) ANTONYM: (n) Lord. tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, lock: (n, v) bar, hug; (v) close, latch, fasten, engage, hold; (adj, n) hair; (n) fierce, caustic, violent, rough, curl, padlock, hook. ANTONYMS: (v) hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep,

open, undo, disengage, flex; (n) key; (adv) partially, partly. madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd. stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt, defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean. yourselves: (pron) themselves, myself, herself.

William Shakespeare

41

EMILIA. As well as one so great and so forlorn May hold together: on her frights and griefs,-Which never tender lady hath borne greater,-She is, something before her time, deliver'd.% PAULINA. A boy? EMILIA. A daughter; and a goodly babe, Lusty, and like to live: the queen receives Much comfort in't; says 'My poor prisoner, I am as innocent as you.' PAULINA. I dare be sworn;-These dangerous unsafe lunes i' the king, beshrew them! He must be told on't, and he shall: the office Becomes a woman best; I'll take't upon me; If I prove honey-mouth'd, let my tongue blister; And never to my red-look'd anger be The trumpet any more.--Pray you, Emilia, Commend my best obedience to the queen; If she dares trust me with her little babe, I'll show't the king, and undertake to be Her advocate to th' loud'st. We do not know How he may soften at the sight o' the child: The silence often of pure innocence Persuades, when speaking fails. EMILIA. Most worthy madam, Your honour and your goodness is so evident, That your free undertaking cannot miss

Thesaurus advocate: (n, v) counsel, support; (n) backer, champion, sponsor, counselor, defender, attorney; (v) vindicate, urge, defend. ANTONYMS: (n) detractor, skeptic, opponent, critic, attacker; (v) assail, attack, criticize, impugn, protest, discourage. beshrew: (v) curse, damn, imprecate, bedamn, anathemize, anathematize, execrate, maledict; (adj) shrew. ANTONYM: (v) bless.

borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, undertaking: (n) promise, attempt, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited. project, venture, adventure, soften: (adj, v) moderate, mitigate, endeavor, job, effort; (n, v) task, labor, mollify, assuage, relieve; (v) melt, business. dull, relent, mute, alleviate; (adj, n, v) unsafe: (adj) dangerous, perilous, palliate. ANTONYMS: (v) harden, insecure, hazardous, treacherous, solidify, set, congeal, exacerbate, uncertain, precarious, shaky, freeze, sharpen, stand, increase. unreliable, harmful, chancy. trumpet: (n) horn, cornet, bugle, ANTONYMS: (adj) safe, secure, clarion, trump, brass, trombone; (v) harmless, protected, reliable, proclaim, promulgate, show off, sensible, stable. blare.

42

The Winter's Tale

A thriving issue: there is no lady living So meet for this great errand. Please your ladyship To visit the next room, I'll presently Acquaint the queen of your most noble offer; Who but to-day hammer'd of this design, But durst not tempt a minister of honour, Lest she should be denied.% PAULINA. Tell her, Emilia, I'll use that tongue I have: if wit flow from it As boldness from my bosom, let't not be doubted I shall do good. EMILIA. Now be you bless'd for it! I'll to the queen: please you come something nearer. KEEPER. Madam, if't please the queen to send the babe, I know not what I shall incur to pass it, Having no warrant. PAULINA. You need not fear it, sir: This child was prisoner to the womb, and is, By law and process of great nature thence Freed and enfranchis'd: not a party to The anger of the king, nor guilty of, If any be, the trespass of the queen. KEEPER. I do believe it.

Thesaurus errand: (n) chore, mission, job, task, ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, encroach, infringe, intrude, invade. visit: (v) frequent, attend, call, view, assignment, embassy, duty, charge, repel. thriving: (adj) successful, prosperous, gossip, jaw, inspect, haunt; (n, v) messenger, communication, work. incur: (n, v) contract; (v) catch, get, tour, chat; (n) sojourn. prospering, booming, rich, affluent, warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, incite, begin, cause, encounter, growing, lush, lucky, healthy, luxuriant. ANTONYMS: (adj) assure, sanction, empower; (n) experience, obtain, suffer, receive. nearer: (adj) adjacent, narre, hither; authority, authorization, security; (v) declining, languishing, arid, (adv) more rapidly, sooner, quicker, justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) moribund, dying, disappearing, break; (v) debar. nigher, NER, faster, earlier, Neer. poor, unwell. tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, trespass: (adj, v) offend; (n, v) sin, womb: (n) belly, nursery, nest, breach; (n) offense, invasion, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, intestines, guts, vitals, bowels, infringement, encroachment; (v) seduce, fascinate, attempt. chitterings, cradle, entrails, viscera.

William Shakespeare

43

PAULINA. Do not you fear: upon mine honour, I Will stand betwixt you and danger.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. A ROOM IN THE PALACE. [Enter LEONTES, ANTIGONUS, Lords, and other ATTENDANTS.] LEONTES. Nor night nor day no rest: it is but weakness To bear the matter thus,--mere weakness. If The cause were not in being,--part o' the cause, She the adultress; for the harlot king Is quite beyond mine arm, out of the blank And level of my brain, plot-proof; but she I can hook to me:--say that she were gone, Given to the fire, a moiety of my rest Might come to me again.--Who's there? FIRST ATTENDANT. My lord? LEONTES. How does the boy? FIRST ATTENDANT. He took good rest to-night; 'Tis hop'd his sickness is discharg'd. LEONTES. To see his nobleness! Conceiving the dishonour of his mother,

Thesaurus brain: (n) mastermind, genius, head, mind, reason, wit, psyche, noddle, intelligence, nous, brains. ANTONYMS: (n) emotion, moron, body, dummy, imbecile, idiot, physicality. dishonour: (v) discredit, disgrace, attaint, shame, degrade, desecrate, violate, rape, outrage; (n) stigma, opprobrium. harlot: (n) courtesan, fancy woman, strumpet, tart, whore, drab, moll,

hooker, streetwalker, wanton, bawd. hook: (n, v) crook, catch, draw, bend, trap, lure; (n) fishhook, claw, crotchet; (v) fasten, hitch. ANTONYMS: (v) undercharge, detach, undo. moiety: (n) mediety, portion, part, parcel, section, piece, bit, division, cut, class. sickness: (n, v) disease, indisposition, malady, disorder, distemper, ailment; (n) complaint, qualm, nausea,

disgust, queasiness. upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at. weakness: (adj, n) failing, fault, debility, defect, infirmity, fragility, feebleness, deficiency, imperfection, foible; (n) flaw. ANTONYMS: (n) power, dislike, intensity, supremacy, determination, advantage, brightness, superiority, resistance, robustness, energy.

44

The Winter's Tale

He straight declin'd, droop'd, took it deeply, Fasten'd and fix'd the shame on't in himself, Threw off his spirit, his appetite, his sleep, And downright languish'd.--Leave me solely:--go, See how he fares. [Exit FIRST ATTENDANT.] --Fie, fie! no thought of him; The very thought of my revenges that way Recoil upon me: in himself too mighty, And in his parties, his alliance,--let him be, Until a time may serve: for present vengeance, Take it on her. Camillo and Polixenes Laugh at me; make their pastime at my sorrow: They should not laugh if I could reach them; nor Shall she, within my power.% [Enter PAULINA, with a CHILD.] FIRST LORD. You must not enter. PAULINA. Nay, rather, good my lords, be second to me: Fear you his tyrannous passion more, alas, Than the queen's life? a gracious innocent soul, More free than he is jealous. ANTIGONUS. That's enough. SECOND ATTENDANT. Madam, he hath not slept to-night; commanded None should come at him. PAULINA. Not so hot, good sir;

Thesaurus appetite: (n, v) desire; (n) appetence, shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, covetous, suspicious, jealousy, appetency, relish, inclination, resentful, invidious, green, grudging, discredit, humiliate, degrade, chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, stomach, taste, thirst, passion, liking, jaundiced, attentive. ANTONYM: gusto. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, (adj) trusting. scandal, insult; (v) abash. repulsion, revulsion, apathy, distaste. laugh: (n, v) joke, giggle, chortle, titter, ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, downright: (adj, n) absolute; (adj, v) snicker; (v) smile; (n) jest, gag, jape, making, worthiness; (v) sheer, clear; (adj) dead, blunt, candid, laughter, cackle. ANTONYM: (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, plain; (adv) absolutely, thoroughly, weep. dignify. pastime: (n) game, avocation, tyrannous: (adj) tyrannical, despotic, wholly, decidedly. ANTONYMS: (adj) semi, limited, incomplete, entertainment, recreation, hobby, autocratic, domineering, undisputed, questionable, slight; (adv) hardly. distraction, interest, fun, pursuit, arbitrary, absolute, unmerciful, jealous: (adj) distrustful, envious, amusement, sideline. imperious, authoritarian, dictatorial.

William Shakespeare

45

I come to bring him sleep. 'Tis such as you,-That creep like shadows by him, and do sigh At each his needless heavings,--such as you Nourish the cause of his awaking: I Do come, with words as med'cinal as true, Honest as either, to purge him of that humour That presses him from sleep.% LEONTES. What noise there, ho? PAULINA. No noise, my lord; but needful conference About some gossips for your highness. LEONTES. How!-Away with that audacious lady!--Antigonus, I charg'd thee that she should not come about me: I knew she would. ANTIGONUS. I told her so, my lord, On your displeasure's peril, and on mine, She should not visit you. LEONTES. What, canst not rule her? PAULINA. From all dishonesty he can: in this,-Unless he take the course that you have done, Commit me for committing honour,--trust it, He shall not rule me. ANTIGONUS. La you now, you hear

Thesaurus audacious: (adj) brash, arrogant, hurry, speed, fly. security. dishonesty: (n) corruption, betrayal, purge: (v) clean, expurgate, eradicate, barefaced, bold, daring, impudent, intrepid, brave, shameless, crookedness, injustice, deceitfulness, clear, scour, remove, purify, make clean, liquidate; (n) catharsis, enterprising, insolent. ANTONYMS: treachery, deviousness, duplicity, (adj) modest, timid, cautious, polite, purification. ANTONYMS: (n, v) falsehood, racket, trick. ANTONYMS: (n) frankness, binge; (v) rehabilitate, castigate. reserved, meek, humble, fearful, shadows: (n) dark, darkness, night, discreet, respectful. sincerity, truthfulness, honestness, awaking: (n) waking, awakening. reliability. dimness, dusk, fogginess, mistiness, creep: (v) grovel, sneak, steal, fawn, peril: (n, v) hazard, risk, endanger, gloom, cloudiness. ANTONYM: (n) lurk, truckle, cringe; (n) creeping, menace, adventure; (n) danger, brightness. jeopardy, chance; (v) imperil, expose, crawling, toady, sycophant. ANTONYMS: (v) race, dash, hasten, compromise. ANTONYM: (n)

46

The Winter's Tale

When she will take the rein, I let her run; But she'll not stumble.% PAULINA. Good my liege, I come,-And, I beseech you, hear me, who professes Myself your loyal servant, your physician, Your most obedient counsellor: yet that dares Less appear so, in comforting your evils, Than such as most seem yours:--I say I come From your good queen. LEONTES. Good queen! PAULINA. Good queen, my lord, good queen: I say, good queen; And would by combat make her good, so were I A man, the worst about you. LEONTES. Force her hence! PAULINA. Let him that makes but trifles of his eyes First hand me: on mine own accord I'll off; But first I'll do my errand--The good queen, For she is good, hath brought you forth a daughter; Here 'tis; commends it to your blessing. [Laying down the child.] LEONTES. Out! A mankind witch! Hence with her, out o' door: A most intelligencing bawd!

Thesaurus bawd: (n) prostitute, fancy woman, whore, cocotte, trollop, hooker, tart, streetwalker, harlot, woman, pimp. comforting: (adj) soothing, consoling, consolatory, satisfying, gratifying, encouraging, restful, placatory, tranquil, appeasing; (n) relief. ANTONYMS: (adj) hostile, discomforting, disconcerting, distressing, disturbing, overwhelming, surprising, troublesome, irritating, tense,

(adj) defiant, assertive, rebellious, upsetting. counsellor: (n) counselor, advocate, crooked, intractable, naughty, wild, adviser, councillor, advisor, mentor, resistant. pleader, attorney, lawyer, consultant, rein: (n) bridle, curb, restraint, check, strap; (v) leash, harness, contain, rule, solicitor. liege: (n) feudatory, liegeman, vassal, rein in, confine. lord, liege Lord, subject, Luik; (adj) trifles: (n) jests, nonsense, nugae, loyal, staunch, true, steady. trivia. obedient: (adj) submissive, compliant, witch: (n) hag, pythoness, sorceress, enchantress, magician, lamia; (v) good, conformable, tame, acquiescent, dutiful, meek, biddable, charm, bewitch, glamour, hex, jinx. amenable, subservient. ANTONYMS:

William Shakespeare

47

PAULINA. Not so: I am as ignorant in that as you In so entitling me; and no less honest Than you are mad; which is enough, I'll warrant, As this world goes, to pass for honest.% LEONTES. Traitors! Will you not push her out? Give her the bastard:-[To ANTIGONUS] Thou dotard,thou art woman-tir'd, unroosted By thy Dame Partlet here:--take up the bastard; Take't up, I say; give't to thy crone. PAULINA. For ever Unvenerable be thy hands, if thou Tak'st up the princess by that forced baseness Which he has put upon't! LEONTES. He dreads his wife. PAULINA. So I would you did; then 'twere past all doubt You'd call your children yours. LEONTES. A nest of traitors? ANTIGONUS. I am none, by this good light. PAULINA. Nor I; nor any, But one that's here; and that's himself: for he

Thesaurus crone: (n) beldam, beldame, hag, grandmother, old woman, crony, witch. forced: (adj) compelled, bound, constrained, artificial, involuntary, unnatural, forcible, farfetched, strained, obligatory, labored. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary, natural, genuine, willing, optional. light: (adj) fair, facile, faint; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) fire, glow, flame; (v)

kindle, inflame, ignite; (n) take, veto; (n) failing, rejection, illumination. ANTONYMS: (adj) exclusion. heavy, fattening, nauseating, testing, princess: (n) queen, duchess, begum, stale; (n) darkness, shade, gloom, czarina, maharani, monarch, night; (v) extinguish, darken. archduchess, lady, patrician, nest: (n) den, lair, hole, burrow, home, maharanee, mopsey. beehive; (adj) brood, hive, litter; (adj, push: (n, v) press, thrust, impel, jolt, n) herd; (v) embed. force, jab, nudge, crowd, prod, poke; pass: (adj, n, v) run; (v) flow, give, (v) jostle. ANTONYMS: (v) drag, deliver, lead, happen, overtake, haul, unpack, inhibit, leave, oppose, proceed; (adj, v) move; (n, v) offer, prevent, restrain, understate, calm; live. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, make, (n) apathy.

48

The Winter's Tale

The sacred honour of himself, his queen's, His hopeful son's, his babe's, betrays to slander, Whose sting is sharper than the sword's; and will not,-For, as the case now stands, it is a curse He cannot be compell'd to 't,--once remove The root of his opinion, which is rotten As ever oak or stone was sound.% LEONTES. A callat Of boundless tongue, who late hath beat her husband, And now baits me!--This brat is none of mine; It is the issue of Polixenes: Hence with it! and together with the dam, Commit them to the fire. PAULINA. It is yours! And, might we lay the old proverb to your charge, So like you 'tis the worse.--Behold, my lords, Although the print be little, the whole matter And copy of the father,--eye, nose, lip, The trick of his frown, his forehead; nay, the valley, The pretty dimples of his chin and cheek; his smiles; The very mould and frame of hand, nail, finger:-And thou, good goddess Nature, which hast made it So like to him that got it, if thou hast The ordering of the mind too, 'mongst all colours No yellow in't, lest she suspect, as he does, Her children not her husband's! LEONTES. A gross hag!

Thesaurus boundless: (adj) limitless, endless, v) pout, grimace, glower, glare; (adj) black looks, gloam, glout; (v) sulk, unlimited, infinite, bottomless, gnash. ANTONYM: (v) approve. incalculable, immense, goddess: (n) divinity, God, beauty, immeasurable, interminable, unbounded, vast. ANTONYMS: (adj) nymph; (adj, n) idol; (adj) duck, limited, restricted, confined, finite, darling, angel, Dulcinea, ladylove, incomplete, negligible, small. inamorata. brat: (n) imp, bairn, rogue, urchin, nail: (n, v) arrest, capture; (v) catch, scamp, kid, monkey, collar, apprehend, hook, strike, hit, fasten, nab; (adj, n) pin. ANTONYMS: whippersnapper, scalawag, (v) unfasten, detach. pickaninny, jackanapes. frown: (adj, v) lower; (adj, n) scowl; (n, proverb: (n) adage, byword, aphorism,

dictum, saying, axiom, parable, motto, expression; (n, v) maxim, saw. sharper: (n, v) cheat; (n) rogue, impostor, swindler, chiseler, deceiver, cheater, welsher, sharpie; (v) shark, fraud. sting: (n, v) bite, hurt, con, pain; (v) prick, itch, irritate, prickle, goad, provoke, smart. ANTONYMS: (v) calm; (n) honesty.

William Shakespeare

49

And, losel, thou art worthy to be hang'd That wilt not stay her tongue.% ANTIGONUS. Hang all the husbands That cannot do that feat, you'll leave yourself Hardly one subject. LEONTES. Once more, take her hence. PAULINA. A most unworthy and unnatural lord Can do no more. LEONTES. I'll have thee burn'd. PAULINA. I care not. It is an heretic that makes the fire, Not she which burns in't. I'll not call you tyrant But this most cruel usage of your queen,-Not able to produce more accusation Than your own weak-hing'd fancy,--something savours Of tyranny, and will ignoble make you, Yea, scandalous to the world. LEONTES. On your allegiance, Out of the chamber with her! Were I a tyrant, Where were her life? She durst not call me so, If she did know me one. Away with her! PAULINA. I pray you, do not push me; I'll be gone.-Look to your babe, my lord; 'tis yours: Jove send her

Thesaurus babe: (n) infant, baby, chick, sweetie, suckling, nursling, child, newborn, chit, girl, darling. ANTONYMS: (n) grownup, adult, adolescent. burns: (n) George Burns, Nathan Birnbaum, Robert Burns. heretic: (n) schismatic, pagan, misbeliever, nonconformist, dissident, sectarian, heathen, pariah, outcast, dissenter, renegade. ignoble: (adj) contemptible, abject, base, dishonorable, disgraceful,

beggarly, mean, humble, degraded, despicable, caddish. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, glorious. losel: (adj) overliberal, unthrifty, wasteful, dissipated, thriftless, profuse, prodigal, extravagant; (v) squanderer; (n) locust. scandalous: (adj) infamous, disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous, opprobrious, shocking, disreputable, disgusting, dishonorable; (adj, v) base, foul.

ANTONYMS: (adj) proper, seemly, honorable, appealing, complimentary, reputable, admirable. unworthy: (adj) undeserving, base, disgraceful, ignoble, low, contemptible, despicable, ugly, unmerited, unseemly, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserving, valuable, honorable, estimable, reputable.

50

The Winter's Tale

A better guiding spirit!--What needs these hands? You that are thus so tender o'er his follies, Will never do him good, not one of you. So, so:--farewell; we are gone. [Exit.] LEONTES. Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this.My child?--away with't.--even thou, that hast A heart so tender o'er it, take it hence, And see it instantly consum'd with fire; Even thou, and none but thou. Take it up straight: Within this hour bring me word 'tis done,-And by good testimony,--or I'll seize thy life, With that thou else call'st thine. If thou refuse, And wilt encounter with my wrath, say so; The bastard-brains with these my proper hands Shall I dash out. Go, take it to the fire; For thou set'st on thy wife.% ANTIGONUS. I did not, sir: These lords, my noble fellows, if they please, Can clear me in't. LORDS. We can:--my royal liege, He is not guilty of her coming hither. LEONTES. You're liars all. FIRST LORD. Beseech your highness, give us better credit: We have always truly serv'd you; and beseech So to esteem of us: and on our knees we beg,--

Thesaurus dash: (adj, n, v) rush; (n, v) touch, sprint, strike, splash, jog; (v) dart, break; (n) tinge, beat; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (v) dawdle, inspirit, languish, saunter, encourage, linger; (n) stagnation, languor, listlessness, mass, dullness. esteem: (n) deference, admiration; (n, v) respect, value, consideration, account; (v) appreciate, deem, adore, admire, count. ANTONYMS: (v) scorn, hate, disdain, insult, despise,

abominate, abhor, dislike, reject; (n) disesteem, disapproval. fellows: (n) fellow, membership, faculty. guiding: (adj) scouting, directive, leading, controlling, guidance, directional, guide, direction, management, steering, sovereign. hither: (adv) here, whither, hitherward, thither. hour: (n) clock, o'clock, hours, time, hr, term, nonce, moment, occasion,

dawn, dusk. knees: (n) knee. seize: (v) catch, capture, grab, arrest, clutch, get, apprehend, receive, annex, clasp; (n, v) grapple. ANTONYMS: (v) baulk, relinquish, restore, surrender, give, remove. wrath: (n) rage, resentment, ire, fury, displeasure, indignation, passion, madness, choler, irritation; (adj) angry. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, love, composure, serenity.

William Shakespeare

51

As recompense of our dear services, Past and to come,--that you do change this purpose, Which, being so horrible, so bloody, must Lead on to some foul issue: we all kneel.% LEONTES. I am a feather for each wind that blows:-Shall I live on, to see this bastard kneel And call me father? better burn it now, Than curse it then. But, be it; let it live:-It shall not neither. [To ANTIGONUS.] --You, sir, come you hither: You that have been so tenderly officious With Lady Margery, your midwife, there, To save this bastard's life,--for 'tis a bastard, So sure as this beard's grey,--what will you adventure To save this brat's life? ANTIGONUS. Anything, my lord, That my ability may undergo, And nobleness impose: at least, thus much; I'll pawn the little blood which I have left To save the innocent:--anything possible. LEONTES. It shall be possible. Swear by this sword Thou wilt perform my bidding. ANTIGONUS. I will, my lord. LEONTES. Mark, and perform it,--seest thou? for the fail Of any point in't shall not only be

Thesaurus curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) midwive. anathema, blasphemy, malediction, nobleness: (n) dignity, generosity, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) magnanimity, nobility, greatness, swear, ban, damn, vituperate. grandeur, stateliness, civil honors, ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, goodness, glory, glorify. benediction, making; (v) pawn: (n) bail, hostage, instrument, communicate. mortgage, gage, guarantee, bond, feather: (n) pen, feathering, pinion, collateral, lien, tool; (v) hock. nib, plumage, quill, kind, spline; (n, ANTONYM: (v) redeem. v) plume; (adj, n, v) fringe; (v) fledge. recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) midwife: (n) accoucheur, oculist, compensation, amends, atonement, howdy, obstetrician, aurist; (v) payment, consideration,

indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse. ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive; (n) penalty. tenderly: (adv) softly, kindly, delicately, affectionately, fondly, warmly, painfully, sensitively, caringly, sympathetically, gently. ANTONYMS: (adv) roughly, severely, disapprovingly, harshly.

52

The Winter's Tale

Death to thyself, but to thy lewd-tongu'd wife, Whom for this time we pardon. We enjoin thee, As thou art liegeman to us, that thou carry This female bastard hence; and that thou bear it To some remote and desert place, quite out Of our dominions; and that there thou leave it, Without more mercy, to it own protection And favour of the climate. As by strange fortune It came to us, I do in justice charge thee, On thy soul's peril and thy body's torture, That thou commend it strangely to some place Where chance may nurse or end it. Take it up.% ANTIGONUS. I swear to do this, though a present death Had been more merciful.--Come on, poor babe: Some powerful spirit instruct the kites and ravens To be thy nurses! Wolves and bears, they say, Casting their savageness aside, have done Like offices of pity.--Sir, be prosperous In more than this deed does require!--and blessing, Against this cruelty, fight on thy side, Poor thing, condemn'd to loss! [Exit with the child.] LEONTES. No, I'll not rear Another's issue. SECOND ATTENDANT. Please your highness, posts From those you sent to the oracle are come An hour since: Cleomenes and Dion,

Thesaurus commend: (v) approve, exalt, acclaim, gentleness, friendliness, humanity, praise, applaud, recommend, benevolence, sensitivity, liberty, endorse, entrust, extol, compliment, decency. cite. ANTONYMS: (v) rebuke, enjoin: (v) command, dictate, direct, criticize, censure, reproach, keep, instruct, tell, charge, require, forbid, chastise, reprimand, deny, disparage, disallow, impose, order. ANTONYMS: (v) acquiesce, yield, refuse, smear. cruelty: (n) brutality, cruelness, submit, permit, request, let, comply, oppression, barbarity, ferociousness, agree, allow, obey. tyranny, violence, atrocity, ferocity, kites: (n) harriers, hawks. liegeman: (n) feudatory, vassal, liege mercilessness, harshness. ANTONYMS: (n) compassion, subject, subject, follower.

offices: (n) kitchen, pantry, scullery. oracle: (n) prophet, divination, vaticinator, diviner, revelation, seer, sibyl, Solomon, soothsayer, vision, authority. savageness: (n) barbarity, savagery, ferociousness, wildness, cruelty, barbarism, fierceness, ferocity, rudeness, inhumanity, harshness. wolves: (n) jackals, skunks, raccoons, panthers, order Carnivora, lions, tigers, foxes, cats, Carnivora, Canis.

William Shakespeare

53

Being well arriv'd from Delphos, are both landed, Hasting to the court.% FIRST LORD. So please you, sir, their speed Hath been beyond account. LEONTES. Twenty-three days They have been absent: 'tis good speed; foretells The great Apollo suddenly will have The truth of this appear. Prepare you, lords; Summon a session, that we may arraign Our most disloyal lady; for, as she hath Been publicly accus'd, so shall she have A just and open trial. While she lives, My heart will be a burden to me. Leave me; And think upon my bidding. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus absent: (adj) wanting, inattentive, not present, preoccupied, lost, missing, faraway, nonexistent, absentminded, out; (adj, adv) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, attendant, attending, existing, here, real, attentive; (adv) in, visible. account: (n) narrative, score, tale, reckoning, narration, description, tally, tab, reason; (n, v) regard, report. disloyal: (adj) untrue, faithless, unfaithful, deceitful, treacherous, dishonest, treasonable, disaffected,

rebellious, traitor, perfidious. privately, secretly, informally. ANTONYMS: (adj) loyal, faithful, session: (n) sitting, seance, assembly, honest, trustworthy, firm, patriotic, conference, consultation, convention, true, dependable. semester, bout, meet, congress, prepare: (n, v) arrange, form, plan, council. make; (v) dress, set, lay, devise, trial: (n) test, examination, experiment, groom, equip; (adj, v) coach. hardship, essay, hearing, audition, ANTONYM: (v) perform. attempt; (n, v) affliction, adversity; publicly: (adv) overtly, publically, in (adj, n) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) public, generally, communally, peace, performance, happiness, ease, commonly, socially, stately, vulgarly, opportunity; (adj) known, definite, plainly, usually. ANTONYMS: (adv) proven.

William Shakespeare

55

ACT III

SCENE I. SICILIA. A STREET IN SOME TOWN.% [Enter CLEOMENES and DION.] CLEOMENES. The climate's delicate; the air most sweet; Fertile the isle; the temple much surpassing The common praise it bears. DION. I shall report, For most it caught me, the celestial habits,-Methinks I so should term them,--and the reverence Of the grave wearers. O, the sacrifice! How ceremonious, solemn, and unearthly, It was i' the offering! CLEOMENES. But of all, the burst And the ear-deaf'ning voice o' the oracle, Kin to Jove's thunder, so surprised my sense That I was nothing.

Thesaurus celestial: (adj) ethereal, divine, grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, supernal, angelic, holy, sacred, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v) astronomical, unworldly, superlunary, from on high; (n) engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) heaven. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, mundane, secular, terrestrial, mortal. slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, ceremonious: (adj) formal, solemn, minor, insignificant, favorable. isle: (n) islet, ait, reef, eyot, wight, stately, stiff, precise, starchy, prim, punctilious, majestic, dignified; (adj, aisle, ile, coral reef, coral Island, v) decorous. ANTONYMS: (adj) breaker, atoll. solemn: (adj, n, v) serious; (adj, v) unceremonious, simple, relaxed, casual, informal. sober, important, sedate, devout,

formal, demure; (adj) heavy, dignified, sacred; (adj, n) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, cheerful, unceremonious, funny, playful, flippant, relaxed. term: (n, v) name, call, title, style, designate; (n) period, expression, boundary, spell, time, limit. thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, fulminate.

56

The Winter's Tale

DION. If the event o' the journey Prove as successful to the queen,--O, be't so!-As it hath been to us rare, pleasant, speedy, The time is worth the use on't.% CLEOMENES. Great Apollo Turn all to th' best! These proclamations, So forcing faults upon Hermione, I little like. DION. The violent carriage of it Will clear or end the business: when the oracle,-Thus by Apollo's great divine seal'd up,-Shall the contents discover, something rare Even then will rush to knowledge.--Go,--fresh horses;-And gracious be the issue! [Exeunt.]

SCENE II. THE SAME. A COURT OF JUSTICE [Enter LEONTES, LORDS, and OFFICERS appear, properly seated.] LEONTES. This sessions,--to our great grief we pronounce,-Even pushes 'gainst our heart;--the party tried, The daughter of a king, our wife; and one Of us too much belov'd. Let us be clear'd Of being tyrannous, since we so openly Proceed in justice; which shall have due course,

Thesaurus carriage: (n) attitude, conveyance, cab, profane, earthly, dreadful, physical, kindly, facetious, joyful, pretty; (adj, v) pleasing. ANTONYMS: (adj) air, walk, position, mien, shipping; ugly, secular. (n, v) transport, behavior, port. forcing: (adj) pressing, constraining, disgusting, horrible, repugnant, contents: (n) substance, content, penetrating, compulsatory; (n) push. nasty, gruesome, unwelcome, harsh, grief: (adj, n, v) affliction; (n) dolor, matter, inside, subject matter, list, shocking, disagreeable, foul, terrible. rush: (n, v) charge, flood, dash, flow, volume, synopsis, conspectus, cargo, anguish, distress, agony, pain, wound, chagrin, concern; (n, v) gush, race, run, speed, attack; (adj, n, catalogue. divine: (adj) sacred, wonderful, regret; (adj) sore. ANTONYMS: (n) v) burst; (n) onrush. ANTONYMS: (v) blessed, holy, exquisite; (n) joy, happiness, comfort, content, delay, dawdle, linger, wander, amble, clergyman; (v) guess, conjecture, hesitate, crawl, trickle; (n) shortage, peace. augur, anticipate; (adj, n) almighty. pleasant: (adj) jolly, amiable, slowness, unimportance. ANTONYMS: (adj) imperfect, agreeable, acceptable, nice, charming,

William Shakespeare

57

Even to the guilt or the purgation.-Produce the prisoner.% OFFICER. It is his highness' pleasure that the queen Appear in person here in court.-CRIER. Silence! [HERMIONE, is brought in guarded; PAULINA, and LADIES attending.] LEONTES. Read the indictment. OFFICER. [Reads.] 'Hermione, queen to the worthy Leontes, king of Sicilia, thou art here accused and arraigned of high treason, in committing adultery with Polixenes, king of Bohemia; and conspiring with Camillo to take away the life of our sovereign lord the king, thy royal husband: the pretence whereof being by circumstances partly laid open, thou, Hermione, contrary to the faith and allegiance of true subject, didst counsel and aid them, for their better safety, to fly away by night.' HERMIONE. Since what I am to say must be but that Which contradicts my accusation, and The testimony on my part no other But what comes from myself, it shall scarce boot me To say 'Not guilty': mine integrity Being counted falsehood, shall, as I express it, Be so receiv'd. But thus,--if powers divine Behold our human actions,--as they do,-I doubt not, then, but innocence shall make False accusation blush, and tyranny

Thesaurus adultery: (n) infidelity, criminal conversation, adulterer, falseness, treachery, betrayal, faithlessness, love affair; (adj) advoutry, crim, harlotry. ANTONYMS: (n) faithfulness, fidelity. blush: (n, v) glow, color; (v) redden, crimson; (n) red, bloom, rosiness, ruddiness, redness; (adj) bashful; (adv) blushingly. ANTONYMS: (v) blanch, pale, blench; (n) paleness. conspiring: (adj) conspirant,

treason: (n) treachery, perfidy, high designing. falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, treason, sabotage, lese majesty, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, traitorousness, subversiveness, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, duplicity; (adj, n) disloyalty, sedition, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, prodition. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, honesty, reality. faithfulness, fidelity. indictment: (n) accusation, tyranny: (adj, n) dictatorship, autocracy; (n) absolutism, despotism, impeachment, complaint, bill of indictment, information, lawsuit, oppression, cruelty, monocracy, blame, accusal, true bill; (n, v) totalitarianism, authoritarianism, allegation, attack. ANTONYMS: (n) autarchy, Caesarism. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, liberty. acquittal, confirmation.

58

The Winter's Tale

Tremble %at patience.--You, my lord, best know-Who least will seem to do so,--my past life Hath been as continent, as chaste, as true, As I am now unhappy: which is more Than history can pattern, though devis'd And play'd to take spectators; for behold me,-A fellow of the royal bed, which owe A moiety of the throne, a great king's daughter, The mother to a hopeful prince,--here standing To prate and talk for life and honour 'fore Who please to come and hear. For life, I prize it As I weigh grief, which I would spare: for honour, 'Tis a derivative from me to mine, And only that I stand for. I appeal To your own conscience, sir, before Polixenes Came to your court, how I was in your grace, How merited to be so; since he came, With what encounter so uncurrent I Have strain'd t' appear thus: if one jot beyond The bound of honour, or in act or will That way inclining, harden'd be the hearts Of all that hear me, and my near'st of kin Cry, Fie upon my grave! LEONTES. I ne'er heard yet That any of these bolder vices wanted Less impudence to gainsay what they did Than to perform it first. HERMIONE. That's true enough; Though 'tis a saying, sir, not due to me.

Thesaurus behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, contradict, deny, refute, controvert, regard, perceive, observe, look, disclaim, impugn, oppose, contest, contravene. ANTONYMS: (v) agree, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, correspond. impudence: (adj, n) boldness, brass; (n) ignore, overlook. chaste: (adj) virtuous, moral, virgin, cheek, gall, audacity, impertinence, modest, unsullied, austere, vestal, insolence, face, cheekiness, severe, continent, spotless, decent. effrontery, assurance. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (adj) corrupt, wanton, (n) cowardice, reticence. lewd, sleazy, promiscuous, immoral, inclining: (adj) oblique, shelving; (n) dirty, defiled, impure, tainted. leaning, tendency, disposition, gainsay: (v) disavow, negate, movement, proclivity, sentiment,

propensity, predilection, partiality. merited: (adj) deserved, just, suitable, rightful, right, due; (v) due to, richly deserved. prate: (n, v) gossip, chatter, prattle, tattle; (v) jabber, gab, chat, natter, clack, palaver, gabble. weigh: (v) press, study, measure, matter, consider, count, deliberate, contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance, poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect.

William Shakespeare

59

LEONTES. You will not own it.% HERMIONE. More than mistress of Which comes to me in name of fault, I must not At all acknowledge. For Polixenes,-With whom I am accus'd,--I do confess I lov'd him, as in honour he requir'd; With such a kind of love as might become A lady like me; with a love even such, So and no other, as yourself commanded: Which not to have done, I think had been in me Both disobedience and ingratitude To you and toward your friend; whose love had spoke, Ever since it could speak, from an infant, freely, That it was yours. Now for conspiracy, I know not how it tastes; though it be dish'd For me to try how: all I know of it Is that Camillo was an honest man; And why he left your court, the gods themselves, Wotting no more than I, are ignorant. LEONTES. You knew of his departure, as you know What you have underta'en to do in's absence. HERMIONE. Sir, You speak a language that I understand not: My life stands in the level of your dreams, Which I'll lay down. LEONTES. Your actions are my dreams;

Thesaurus acknowledge: (v) recognize, confess, accept, profess, own, admit, concede, appreciate, notice, declare, approve. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, overlook, reject, repudiate, snub, refuse, renounce, abjure, disavow, disregard, refute. departure: (n, v) decease, demise; (n) exit, leave, deviation, divergence, depart, parting, aberration, passing, takeoff. ANTONYMS: (n) appearance, conformity, greeting,

ingress, influx, homecoming, regularity, entrance, birth, coming, advance. disobedience: (n) contumacy, intractableness, rebelliousness, breach, recalcitrance, rebellion, refusal, noncompliance, mutiny, contravention, defiance. ANTONYMS: (n) compliance, meekness, conformity, devotion, order, fulfillment, loyalty. gods: (n) gallery.

infant: (n) child, babe, minor, nursling, youngster, chick, toddler, suckling, kid, pappoose; (adj, n) juvenile. mistress: (n) dame, concubine, madame, inamorata, lady, lover, fancy woman, doxy, girl, kept woman, missis. toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away.

60

The Winter's Tale

You had a bastard by Polixenes, And I but dream'd it:--as you were past all shame,-Those of your fact are so,--so past all truth: Which to deny concerns more than avails; for as Thy brat hath been cast out, like to itself, No father owning it,--which is, indeed, More criminal in thee than it,--so thou Shalt feel our justice; in whose easiest passage Look for no less than death.% HERMIONE. Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with, I seek. To me can life be no commodity: The crown and comfort of my life, your favour, I do give lost; for I do feel it gone, But know not how it went: my second joy, And first-fruits of my body, from his presence I am barr'd, like one infectious: my third comfort, Starr'd most unluckily, is from my breast,-The innocent milk in it most innocent mouth,-Hal'd out to murder: myself on every post Proclaim'd a strumpet; with immodest hatred The child-bed privilege denied, which 'longs To women of all fashion; lastly, hurried Here to this place, i' the open air, before I have got strength of limit. Now, my liege, Tell me what blessings I have here alive, That I should fear to die. Therefore proceed. But yet hear this; mistake me not;--no life,-I prize it not a straw,--but for mine honour (Which I would free), if I shall be condemn'd Upon surmises--all proofs sleeping else,

Thesaurus avails: (n) Vail. restrained, ashamed. bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake; (adj) infectious: (adj) communicable, spurious, phony, misbegotten, catching, pestiferous, infective, bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n) epidemic, infect, transmittable, whoreson, love child, illegitimate taking, virulent, vitiating, easily child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered. spread. ANTONYM: (adj) blessings: (n) blessing, godsend. noninfectious. immodest: (adj) shameless, bold, lastly: (adv) eventually, ultimately, barefaced, impudent, indecent, latterly, in conclusion, last, at last, presumptuous, coarse, impure, terminally, latestly, utmostly, unabashed, lewd, indelicate. definitively, concludingly. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, ANTONYM: (adv) initially.

owning: (n) admission, avowal, confession, courteous recognition, acknowledgment. strumpet: (n) courtesan, punk, harlot, hussy, slut, adulteress, wench, whore, loose woman, advoutress, fornicatress. unluckily: (adv) unfortunately, inauspiciously, lucklessly, unhappily, untowardly, unsuccessfully, alas, regrettably, ill-fatedly, tragically, haplessly. ANTONYM: (adv) luckily.

William Shakespeare

61

But what your jealousies awake--I tell you 'Tis rigour, and not law.--Your honours all, I do refer me to the oracle: Apollo be my judge! FIRST LORD. This your request Is altogether just: therefore, bring forth, And in Apollo's name, his oracle:% [Exeunt certain OFFICERS.] HERMIONE. The Emperor of Russia was my father; O that he were alive, and here beholding His daughter's trial! that he did but see The flatness of my misery; yet with eyes Of pity, not revenge! [Re-enter OFFICERS, with CLEOMENES and DION.] OFFICER. You here shall swear upon this sword of justice, That you, Cleomenes and Dion, have Been both at Delphos, and from thence have brought This seal'd-up oracle, by the hand deliver'd Of great Apollo's priest; and that since then, You have not dar'd to break the holy seal, Nor read the secrets in't. CLEOMENES, DION. All this we swear. LEONTES. Break up the seals and read. OFFICER. [Reads.]

Thesaurus flatness: (n) dullness, monotony, contentment, pleasure, wealth, sport, Pinnipedia, sea Lions. secrets: (n) secrecy. plain, flat, tedium, sameness, cheer. revenge: (n) retribution, vengeance, swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, insipidness, tediousness, platitude, smoothing, smooth. ANTONYM: (n) reprisal, retaliation, repayment, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, grudge, punishment; (v) retaliate, unevenness. avow, depone, depose, aver. honours: (n) first, honors, degree, ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, repay, requite, vindicate. rigour: (n) hardship, hardness, academic degree. deny, compliment. misery: (adj, n) grief; (n, v) distress; (n) grimness, rigidity, strict, rigor, thence: (adv) therefore, thus, affliction, agony, anguish, woe, rigorousness, asperity, cruelty, therefrom, thereof, consequently, hardship, evil, ill, infelicity, suffering. acrimony, severity. then, so, thereafter, thenceforth, ANTONYMS: (n) joy, ecstasy, seals: (n) Pinnipedia, key, talisman, since, on account of. cheerfulness, fun, hopefulness, peace, aquatic mammal, signet, suborder

62

The Winter's Tale

'Hermione is chaste; Polixenes blameless; Camillo a true subject; Leontes a jealous tyrant; his innocent babe truly begotten; and the king shall live without an heir, if that which is lost be not found.' LORDS. Now blessed be the great Apollo! HERMIONE. Praised! LEONTES. Hast thou read truth? OFFICER. Ay, my lord; even so As it is here set down.% LEONTES. There is no truth at all i' the oracle: The sessions shall proceed: this is mere falsehood! [Enter a SERVANT hastily.] SERVANT. My lord the king, the king! LEONTES. What is the business? SERVANT. O sir, I shall be hated to report it: The prince your son, with mere conceit and fear Of the queen's speed, is gone. LEONTES. How! gone? SERVANT. Is dead.

Thesaurus begotten: (adj) generated, biological, create. blameless: (adj) irreproachable, perfect, faultless, unimpeachable, pure, spotless, innocent, guiltless, inculpable, not guilty, clean. ANTONYMS: (adj) culpable, blameworthy, responsible, wrong, bad, sinful, shameful, flawed. blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine.

ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, proceed: (v) move, advance, originate, condemned, damned, disapproved, ensue, flow, issue, arise, emanate; (adj, v) pass, run, extend. unhappy, unholy, secular. hated: (adj) despised, disliked, not ANTONYMS: (v) discontinue, recede, liked, reviled, scorned, unloved, regress, return, retreat. unpopular. ANTONYM: (adj) sessions: (n) Roger sessions, Roger precious. Huntington sessions. heir: (n) beneficiary, successor, tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, offspring, inheritor, heiress, receiver, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, progeny, heritor, descendant, scion, authoritarian, sovereign, czar, issue. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, monarch, suzerain, stickler. donor.

William Shakespeare

63

LEONTES. Apollo's angry; and the heavens themselves Do strike at my injustice. [HERMIONE faints.] How now there! PAULINA. This news is mortal to the queen:--Look down And see what death is doing.% LEONTES. Take her hence: Her heart is but o'ercharg'd; she will recover.-I have too much believ'd mine own suspicion:-Beseech you tenderly apply to her Some remedies for life.--Apollo, pardon [Exeunt PAULINA and Ladies with HERMIONE.] My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle!-I'll reconcile me to Polixenes; New woo my queen; recall the good Camillo-Whom I proclaim a man of truth, of mercy; For, being transported by my jealousies To bloody thoughts and to revenge, I chose Camillo for the minister to poison My friend Polixenes: which had been done, But that the good mind of Camillo tardied My swift command, though I with death and with Reward did threaten and encourage him, Not doing it and being done: he, most humane, And fill'd with honour, to my kingly guest Unclasp'd my practice; quit his fortunes here, Which you knew great; and to the certain hazard Of all incertainties himself commended, No richer than his honour:--how he glisters

Thesaurus injustice: (n) iniquity, wrong, creature, person, human being, body. impiety. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) immortal; (adj) reconcile: (adj, v) conciliate, accord, unfairness, bigotry, wickedness, prejudice, crime; (adj, n) injury, evil, harmonize; (v) accommodate, pacify, eternal, heavenly, mild, perfect, harm, damage. ANTONYMS: (n) spiritual. placate, mediate, adjust, harmonise, proclaim: (v) declare, assert, advertise, make up, propitiate. ANTONYMS: fairness, evenhandedness, (v) alienate, estrange, provoke, reasonableness, goodness, tolerance. broadcast, promulgate, enunciate, kingly: (adj, adv) stately; (adj) August, herald, decree, divulge, notify, quarrel, segregate, worsen. transported: (adj) ecstatic, rapt, elated, noble, regal, imperial, sovereign, annunciate. majestic, royal; (adv) royally, profaneness: (n) blasphemy, inspirited, spellbound, exultant, majestically, regally. irreverence, unholiness, sacrilege, puffed up, proud, delighted, elate; mortal: (adj) deadly, fatal, lethal, (adv) on cloud nine. ANTONYM: sacrilegiousness, irreligion, deathly, earthly; (n) man, individual, godlessness, unsanctification, (adj) dejected.

64

The Winter's Tale

Thorough %my rust! And how his piety Does my deeds make the blacker! [Re-enter PAULINA.] PAULINA. Woe the while! O, cut my lace, lest my heart, cracking it, Break too! FIRST LORD. What fit is this, good lady? PAULINA. What studied torments, tyrant, hast for me? What wheels? racks? fires? what flaying? boiling In leads or oils? what old or newer torture Must I receive, whose every word deserves To taste of thy most worst? Thy tyranny Together working with thy jealousies,-Fancies too weak for boys, too green and idle For girls of nine,--O, think what they have done, And then run mad indeed,--stark mad! for all Thy by-gone fooleries were but spices of it. That thou betray'dst Polixenes, 'twas nothing; That did but show thee, of a fool, inconstant, And damnable ingrateful; nor was't much Thou wouldst have poison'd good Camillo's honour, To have him kill a king; poor trespasses,-More monstrous standing by: whereof I reckon The casting forth to crows thy baby daughter, To be or none or little, though a devil Would have shed water out of fire ere done't; Nor is't directly laid to thee, the death Of the young prince, whose honourable thoughts,--

Thesaurus casting: (n) cast, hurl, pouring, molding, teeming, block, Malleable castings, fling, to throw something a long distance, flinging, pelt. cracking: (n) crack, break, fracture; (adj) splitting, swell, smashing, corking, bully, great, keen, neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, slow. damnable: (adj) cursed, damned, abominable, hateful, accursed, devilish, infernal, disgusting, sinful, deplorable, offensive. ANTONYMS:

(adj) commendable, laudable, praiseworthy. deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities. ingrateful: (adj) ungrateful, disagreeable. lace: (v) entwine, interlace, braid, bind; (adj, v) tie, string; (n) lacing, ribbon, edging; (n, v) net, rope. ANTONYMS: (v) untie, untwine, unpick. monstrous: (adj) huge, atrocious,

heinous, monster, immense, gigantic, grievous, ugly, flagitious, dreadful; (adj, v) grotesque. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, minute, beautiful, good, small, lovely, attractive. oils: (n) oil paint. rust: (v) corrode, eat, oxidise, tarnish, oxidize, gnaw; (n) decay, corrosion, fungus, oxidation; (adj) rusty. wheels: (n) vehicle, truck, car, brush, force.

William Shakespeare

65

Thoughts high for one so tender,--cleft the heart That could conceive a gross and foolish sire Blemish'd his gracious dam: this is not,--no, Laid to thy answer: but the last,--O lords, When I have said, cry Woe!,--the queen, the queen, The sweetest, dearest creature's dead; and vengeance for't Not dropp'd down yet.% FIRST LORD. The higher powers forbid! PAULINA. I say she's dead: I'll swear't. If word nor oath Prevail not, go and see: if you can bring Tincture, or lustre, in her lip, her eye, Heat outwardly or breath within, I'll serve you As I would do the gods.--But, O thou tyrant! Do not repent these things; for they are heavier Than all thy woes can stir; therefore betake thee To nothing but despair. A thousand knees Ten thousand years together, naked, fasting, Upon a barren mountain, and still winter In storm perpetual, could not move the gods To look that way thou wert. LEONTES. Go on, go on: Thou canst not speak too much; I have deserv'd All tongues to talk their bitterest! FIRST LORD. Say no more: Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault I' the boldness of your speech.

Thesaurus barren: (adj, n) sterile; (adj) infertile, realize, discover, cogitate, appreciate, outsidely. ANTONYMS: (adv) invent, catch. ANTONYMS: (v) deserted, arid, void, dry, stark, internally, underneath. meagre, fruitless, abortive; (n) waste. destroy, doubt, misunderstand, perpetual: (adj) incessant, continual, ANTONYMS: (adj) productive, lush, question, ruin. constant, endless, eternal, everlasting, lustre: (n) brilliance, gloss, brilliancy, fruitful, developing, growing, lasting, ceaseless, immortal, profitable, rewarding, rich, sheltered, grandeur, splendour, effulgence, continuous, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, intermittent, humid, populous. splendor, shininess, shine, sheen, betake: (v) wend, apply, address, brightness. transitory, mortal, unstable, finite, accost, get, obtain, refer, acquire, aim, outwardly: (adv) exteriorly, inconstant, occasional, sporadic. repent: (v) deplore, bewail, rue, beget, attach. superficially, apparently, outside, conceive: (v) think, imagine, seemingly, without, ostensibly, mourn, lament, atone, sorry, bemoan, comprehend, design, apprehend, evidently, extrinsically, outerly, feel remorse, grieve, be sorry.

66

The Winter's Tale

PAULINA. I am sorry for't: All faults I make, when I shall come to know them, I do repent. Alas, I have show'd too much The rashness of a woman: he is touch'd To th' noble heart--What's gone and what's past help, Should be past grief: do not receive affliction At my petition; I beseech you, rather Let me be punish'd, that have minded you Of what you should forget. Now, good my liege, Sir, royal sir, forgive a foolish woman: The love I bore your queen,--lo, fool again!-I'll speak of her no more, nor of your children; I'll not remember you of my own lord, Who is lost too: take your patience to you, And I'll say nothing.% LEONTES. Thou didst speak but well, When most the truth; which I receive much better Than to be pitied of thee. Pr'ythee, bring me To the dead bodies of my queen and son: One grave shall be for both; upon them shall The causes of their death appear, unto Our shame perpetual. Once a day I'll visit The chapel where they lie; and tears shed there Shall be my recreation: so long as nature Will bear up with this exercise, so long I daily vow to use it.--Come, and lead me To these sorrows. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus alas: (adv) unluckily, regrettably, disposed; (adj) willing, apt, ready, application, entreaty, invocation. sadly, unhappily, sorry to say; (n) oh; prone, orientated, favorable, rashness: (n) temerity, precipitation, (int) lackaday. ANTONYM: (adv) oriented, prepared, partial. recklessness, hastiness, imprudence, patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, luckily. heedlessness, folly, precipitancy, foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, indiscretion, carelessness, adventurism. ANTONYMS: (n) dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, resignation, restraint, composure, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. sufferance; (n, v) moderation, caution, consideration, deliberation, ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) patience, discretion, carefulness, shrewd, prudent, visionary, impatience, eagerness, intolerance, forethought. recreation: (n) amusement, distraction, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, annoyance. petition: (n, v) appeal, request, desire, pastime, play, diversion, merriment, rational, mature, judicious. minded: (prep) inclined; (adj, prep) claim; (v) ask, beg, crave, apply; (n) leisure, fun, game, frolic, sport.

William Shakespeare

67

SCENE III. BOHEMIA. A DESERT COUNTRY NEAR THE SEA.% [Enter ANTIGONUS with the CHILD, and a MARINER.] ANTIGONUS. Thou art perfect, then our ship hath touch'd upon The deserts of Bohemia? MARINER. Ay, my lord; and fear We have landed in ill time: the skies look grimly, And threaten present blusters. In my conscience, The heavens with that we have in hand are angry, And frown upon 's. ANTIGONUS. Their sacred wills be done!--Go, get aboard; Look to thy bark: I'll not be long before I call upon thee. MARINER. Make your best haste; and go not Too far i' the land: 'tis like to be loud weather; Besides, this place is famous for the creatures Of prey that keep upon't. ANTIGONUS. Go thou away: I'll follow instantly. MARINER. I am glad at heart To be so rid o' th' business. [Exit.]

Thesaurus bark: (n, v) skin, yelp, snarl, cry, rind, sphere, space, skies, area, vault of shout; (v) growl, roar; (n) bay, peel, heaven. crust. ANTONYMS: (n, v) whisper. landed: (adj) land, territorial, allodial, deserts: (n) desert, just deserts, due, predial. loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, compensation, comeupance. haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low, muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) patience, forethought, caution. heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, softly. welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial prey: (n) chase, game, victim,

immolation, quarry, target, mark, capture; (n, v) plunder, raven; (v) eat. ANTONYMS: (n) hunter, predator. skies: (n) heavens, firmament, expanse. threaten: (v) intimidate, loom, bully, endanger, offer, imperil, jeopardize, peril, foreshadow, portend; (n, v) threat. ANTONYMS: (v) guard, protect, relieve, save, alleviate, reassure, recede, strengthen.

68

The Winter's Tale

ANTIGONUS. Come, %poor babe:-I have heard (but not believ'd), the spirits of the dead May walk again: if such thing be, thy mother Appear'd to me last night; for ne'er was dream So like a waking. To me comes a creature, Sometimes her head on one side, some another: I never saw a vessel of like sorrow, So fill'd and so becoming: in pure white robes, Like very sanctity, she did approach My cabin where I lay: thrice bow'd before me; And, gasping to begin some speech, her eyes Became two spouts: the fury spent, anon Did this break from her: 'Good Antigonus, Since fate, against thy better disposition, Hath made thy person for the thrower-out Of my poor babe, according to thine oath,-Places remote enough are in Bohemia, There weep, and leave it crying; and, for the babe Is counted lost for ever, Perdita I pr'ythee call't. For this ungentle business, Put on thee by my lord, thou ne'er shalt see Thy wife Paulina more': so, with shrieks, She melted into air. Affrighted much, I did in time collect myself; and thought This was so and no slumber. Dreams are toys; Yet, for this once, yea, superstitiously, I will be squar'd by this. I do believe Hermione hath suffer'd death, and that Apollo would, this being indeed the issue Of King Polixenes, it should here be laid, Either for life or death, upon the earth

Thesaurus according: (adj) pursuant, consonant, out of breath, thirsty, pursy; (v) equal, agreeable, harmonious, spavined, touched in the wind. melted: (adj) molten, fluid, liquified, conformable, consistent, corresponding, respondent; (adv) dissolved, liquefied, baked, fluent, correspondingly, accordingly. touched, limpid, sorry, flowing. affrighted: (adj) frightful, eery; (prep) sanctity: (n) sanctitude, godliness, affright. sacredness, devotion, piety, cabin: (n) booth, cabana, cot, lodge, saintliness, purity, halidom, stall, shed, chamber, bothy, room, sanctimony, religion, innocence. apartment, cell. ANTONYMS: (n) ANTONYM: (n) unholiness. slumber: (n, v) rest, doze, snooze, nap, chateau, mansion, palace. gasping: (adj) panting, winded, blown, drowse, repose, catnap; (v) be asleep,

kip, take a nap; (n) siesta. thrice: (adv) three times, thirdly. ungentle: (adj) ignoble, rude, wild, ungainly, untitled, boisterous, bluff, lowborn. vessel: (n) ship, pot, jar, duct, vas, boat, craft, container, bowl, barrel, canal. waking: (adj) wakeful; (n) awakening, wakefulness, consciousness.

William Shakespeare

69

Of %its right father. Blossom, speed thee well! [Laying down the child.] There lie; and there thy character: there thes; [Laying down a bundle.] Which may if fortune please, both breed thee, pretty, And still rest thine.--The storm begins:--poor wretch, That for thy mother's fault art thus expos'd To loss and what may follow!--Weep I cannot, But my heart bleeds: and most accurs'd am I To be by oath enjoin'd to this.--Farewell! The day frowns more and more:--thou'rt like to have A lullaby too rough:--I never saw The heavens so dim by day. A savage clamour!-Well may I get aboard!--This is the chace: I am gone for ever. [Exit, pursued by a bear.] [Enter an old SHEPHERD.] SHEPHERD. I would there were no age between ten and three-and-twenty, or that youth would sleep out the rest; for there is nothing in the between but getting wenches with child, wronging the ancientry, stealing, fighting.--Hark you now! Would any but these boiled brains of nineteen and two-and-twenty hunt this weather? They have scared away two of my best sheep, which I fear the wolf will sooner find than the master: if any where I have them, 'tis by the sea-side, browsing of ivy.--Good luck, an't be thy will! what have we here? [Taking up the CHILD.] Mercy on's, a bairn: A very pretty bairn! A boy or a child, I wonder? A pretty one; a very pretty one: sure, some scape: though I am not bookish, yet I can read waiting-gentlewoman in the scape. This has been some stair-work, some trunk-work, some behind-door-work; they were warmer that got this than the poor thing is here. I'll take it up for pity: yet I'll tarry till my son comes; he hallaed but even now.--Whoa, ho hoa!

Thesaurus bairn: (n) child, offspring, kid, infant, baby, tike, tiddler, tyke, pickaninny, nipper, minor. blossom: (adj, n, v) flower, blow; (n, v) bud; (n) blooming, heyday, efflorescence; (v) prosper, flourish, thrive, progress, unfold. ANTONYMS: (v) wither, deteriorate, struggle, shrivel, shrink, fade, die; (n) withering. boiled: (adj) intoxicated, poached, stewed; (v) sodden.

bookish: (adj) academic, studious, learned, literary, intellectual, educated, pedantic; (v) blue, solid, scholastic, profound. browsing: (n) feeding, eating, reading, bruting. lullaby: (n) berceuse, alleviation, easement, antispasmodic, laudanum, palliation; (n, v) lull; (v) sedative, sing; (adv) soft music, siren strains. nineteen: (adj, n) XIX; (n) large integer. pursued: (n) hunted person.

scape: (n) flower stalk, peduncle, shaft, scapus, ray, perspective, Peter, prick, prospect, barb, rotating shaft. tarry: (v) linger, loiter, stay, remain, delay, lag, dally, dawdle, bide, rest; (adj) pitchy. ANTONYMS: (v) complete, finish. warmer: (n) stove, oilstove, deicer, defroster, brasier, radiator, brazier, warming, warmed, demister, gas heater. wronging: (n) tribulation.

70

The Winter's Tale

CLOWN. [Within.] Hilloa, loa! SHEPHERD. What, art so near? If thou'lt see a thing to talk on when thou art dead and rotten, come hither. [Enter CLOWN.] What ail'st thou, man? CLOWN. I have seen two such sights, by sea and by land!--but I am not to say it is a sea, for it is now the sky: betwixt the firmament and it, you cannot thrust a bodkin's point.% SHEPHERD. Why, boy, how is it? CLOWN. I would you did but see how it chafes, how it rages, how it takes up the shore! But that's not to the point. O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls! sometimes to see 'em, and not to see 'em; now the ship boring the moon with her mainmast, and anon swallowed with yest and froth, as you'd thrust a cork into a hogshead. And then for the land service,--to see how the bear tore out his shoulder-bone; how he cried to me for help, and said his name was Antigonus, a nobleman.--But to make an end of the ship,--to see how the sea flap-dragon'd it:--but first, how the poor souls roared, and the sea mocked them;--and how the poor gentleman roared, and the bear mocked him,--both roaring louder than the sea or weather. SHEPHERD. Name of mercy! when was this, boy? CLOWN. Now, now; I have not winked since I saw these sights: the men are not yet cold under water, nor the bear half dined on the gentleman; he's at it now.

Thesaurus anon: (adv) directly, immediately, early, readily, soon, instantly, again, forthwith, promptly, shortly, rath. cork: (n, v) plug; (n) bung, stopper, phellem, bobber, bob, bobfloat; (v) cap, stop, close; (adj) cobweb. firmament: (n) sphere, welkin, heaven, heavens, celestial sphere, expanse, arena, field, vault of heaven, domain, area. froth: (n, v) bubble, spume, fizz, suds, sparkle; (v) boil, effervesce, ferment;

(n) effervescence, bubbles, spindrift. noisy, boisterous. hogshead: (n) cask, barrel, vat. rotten: (adj, v) decayed, musty; (adj) mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, foul, poor, fetid, lousy, putrid, off, ill, shabby, wretched. ANTONYMS: (adj) favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) fresh, superior, unrotten, good, quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, incorruptible, honest, lovely, fair, harshness, unkindness, severity, great, respectful. swallowed: (adj) engulfed, gulped, mercilessness, ruthlessness, impatience, inhumanity. inundated, overcome, overwhelmed, roaring: (n) bellowing, roar, bellow, flooded, overpowered, enclosed. thunder; (adj) booming, prosperous, tore: (v) tare; (n) moulding, molding. thriving, flourishing, deafening,

William Shakespeare

71

SHEPHERD. Would I had been by to have helped the old man! CLOWN. I would you had been by the ship-side, to have helped her: there your charity would have lacked footing.% SHEPHERD. Heavy matters, heavy matters! [Aside.] But look thee here, boy. Now bless thyself: thou mettest with things dying, I with things new-born. Here's a sight for thee; look thee, a bearing-cloth for a squire's child! look thee here; take up, take up, boy; open't. So, let's see:--it was told me I should be rich by the fairies: this is some changeling:--open't. What's within, boy? CLOWN. You're a made old man; if the sins of your youth are forgiven you, you're well to live. Gold! all gold! SHEPHERD. This is fairy-gold, boy, and 'twill prove so: up with it, keep it close: home, home, the next way! We are lucky, boy: and to be so still requires nothing but secrecy--Let my sheep go:-- come, good boy, the next way home. CLOWN. Go you the next way with your findings. I'll go see if the bear be gone from the gentleman, and how much he hath eaten: they are never curst but when they are hungry: if there be any of him left, I'll bury it. SHEPHERD. That's a good deed. If thou mayest discern by that which is left of him what he is, fetch me to the sight of him. CLOWN. Marry, will I; and you shall help to put him i' the ground. SHEPHERD. 'Tis a lucky day, boy; and we'll do good deeds on't. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus bless: (v) consecrate, celebrate, sanctify, anoint, eulogize, sign, praise, keep, grant, glorify; (n) blessing. ANTONYMS: (v) curse, condemn, disapprove, damn, disallow, deny. curst: (adj) darned, damned, deuced, goddam, goddamn, goddamned, maledict, everlasting, damnable, damn, accursed. discern: (v) differentiate, see, comprehend, detect, distinguish,

make out, perceive, find, note; (n, v) descry; (adj, v) recognize. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, neglect, disregard, observe, overlook. dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth. eaten: (v) eat.

fetch: (v) carry, bring, bring in, convey, draw, elicit, deliver, catch, get, attract; (adj, n) feint. forgiven: (v) conciliatory, placable. helped: (adj) aided, assisted; (v) HALP. hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, desirous, meager, starveling; (v) starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, moderate, healthy, disinterested.

William Shakespeare

73

ACT IV

SCENE I.% [Enter TIME, as CHORUS.] TIME. I,--that please some, try all; both joy and terror Of good and bad; that make and unfold error,-Now take upon me, in the name of Time, To use my wings. Impute it not a crime To me or my swift passage, that I slide O'er sixteen years, and leave the growth untried Of that wide gap, since it is in my power To o'erthrow law, and in one self-born hour To plant and o'erwhelm custom. Let me pass The same I am, ere ancient'st order was Or what is now received: I witness to The times that brought them in; so shall I do To the freshest things now reigning, and make stale The glistering of this present, as my tale Now seems to it. Your patience this allowing,

Thesaurus custom: (n) habit, convention, usage, practice, consuetude, fashion, method, mores; (n, v) use, accustom; (adj) bespoke. ANTONYMS: (n) fad, innovation, phenomenon, rage, rarity. glistering: (adj) aglitter, fulgid, glinting, bright, sparkly, coruscant, effervescent, sparkling, brilliantly clever, scintillant, bubbling. impute: (v) charge, attribute, ascribe, assign, accuse, blame, attach, credit,

unfold: (v) spread, open, extend, lay, accredit, impeach. reigning: (adj) regnant, predominant, develop, stretch, spread out, reveal, display, stretch out; (adj, v) expound, overruling, reign, sovereign, explain. ANTONYMS: (v) fold, block, controlling, royal, dominant, ascendant, prevalent, chief. stagnate, stop, hide, withhold, check, sixteen: (n) large integer. wrap, conceal. swift: (adj, adv, v) fast; (adj) quick, wings: (n) insignia, agency. witness: (n, v) testimony, attest, fleet, speedy, alert, nimble, hasty, prompt, sudden, hurried; (adj, v) evidence; (n) bystander, eyewitness, rapid. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, onlooker, observer; (v) observe, leisurely, sluggish, gradual, delayed, notice, see, view. ANTONYMS: (v) clumsy. deny, participate, refute.

74

The Winter's Tale

I turn my glass, and give my scene such growing As you had slept between. Leontes leaving The effects of his fond jealousies, so grieving That he shuts up himself; imagine me, Gentle spectators, that I now may be In fair Bohemia; and remember well, I mention'd a son o' the king's, which Florizel I now name to you; and with speed so pace To speak of Perdita, now grown in grace Equal with wondering: what of her ensues, I list not prophesy; but let Time's news Be known when 'tis brought forth:--a shepherd's daughter, And what to her adheres, which follows after, Is the argument of Time. Of this allow, If ever you have spent time worse ere now; If never, yet that Time himself doth say He wishes earnestly you never may. [Exit.]

SCENE II. BOHEMIA. A ROOM IN THE PALACE OF POLIXENES.% [Enter POLIXENES and CAMILLO.] POLIXENES. I pray thee, good Camillo, be no more importunate: 'tis a sickness denying thee anything; a death to grant this. CAMILLO. It is fifteen years since I saw my country; though I have for the most part been aired abroad, I desire to lay my bones there. Besides, the penitent king,

Thesaurus aired: (adj) airy, broadcast, aery, aeriform, aerial. bones: (n) bone, frame, corpse, dry bones, framework, maraca, physician, finger cymbals, tymbal, wreck, timbrel. denying: (v) deny; (adv) denyingly; (adj) opposed, recusative, unselfish, abnegative. earnestly: (adj, adv) seriously; (adv) eagerly, intently, zealously, solemnly, ardently, fervently, heartily, gravely,

warmly, passionately. ANTONYMS: (adv) indifferently, insincerely, unconcernedly, jokingly. fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous, delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough. importunate: (adj) annoying, exigent, pressing, insistent, bothersome, pestiferous, pestilent, instant, obdurate, demanding, pleading.

ANTONYM: (adj) feeble. prophesy: (n, v) presage; (v) prognosticate, foretell, augur, foreshow, forecast, portend, foreshadow, forebode, bode, anticipate. shuts: (adj) closed. spectators: (n) spectator, gallery, viewer, viewers, attendance. wondering: (adj) inquisitive, speculative, suspicious.

William Shakespeare

75

my master, hath sent for me; to whose feeling sorrows I might be some allay, or I o'erween to think so,--which is another spur to my departure.% POLIXENES. As thou lovest me, Camillo, wipe not out the rest of thy services by leaving me now: the need I have of thee, thine own goodness hath made; better not to have had thee than thus to want thee; thou, having made me businesses which none without thee can sufficiently manage, must either stay to execute them thyself, or take away with thee the very services thou hast done; which if I have not enough considered,--as too much I cannot,--to be more thankful to thee shall be my study; and my profit therein the heaping friendships. Of that fatal country Sicilia, pr'ythee, speak no more; whose very naming punishes me with the remembrance of that penitent, as thou call'st him, and reconciled king, my brother; whose loss of his most precious queen and children are even now to be afresh lamented. Say to me, when sawest thou the Prince Florizel, my son? Kings are no less unhappy, their issue not being gracious, than they are in losing them when they have approved their virtues. CAMILLO. Sir, it is three days since I saw the prince. What his happier affairs may be, are to me unknown; but I have missingly noted he is of late much retired from court, and is less frequent to his princely exercises than formerly he hath appeared. POLIXENES. I have considered so much, Camillo, and with some care; so far that I have eyes under my service which look upon his removedness; from whom I have this intelligence,--that he is seldom from the house of a most homely shepherd;--a man, they say, that from very nothing, and beyond the imagination of his neighbours, is grown into an unspeakable estate. CAMILLO. I have heard, sir, of such a man, who hath a daughter of most rare note: the report of her is extended more than can be thought to begin from such a cottage.

Thesaurus afresh: (adv) again, newly, over again, new, once again, freshly, once more, often; (adj) the other day, just now, only yesterday. allay: (n, v) ease; (adj, v) still, quell, lay, appease, quiet; (v) abate, mitigate, moderate, quench, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (v) arouse, excite, heighten, intensify, magnify, provoke, stir, exacerbate, aggravate. exercises: (n) military exercises, athletics.

homely: (adj) plain, common, rustic, generous, munificent, majestic, artless, home, snug, homelike, magnificent, gorgeous. ANTONYM: domestic; (adj, adv) ugly; (adv) (adj) ungenerous. plainly, simplely. ANTONYMS: (adj) reconciled: (adj) consistent, resigned, serene, meet; (v) made friends, sophisticated, striking, affriended. ANTONYM: (adj) uncomfortable, bleak. lamented: (adj) mourned, bewailed. unreconciled. missingly: (adv) lostly, missing, miss, remembrance: (n, v) recollection, mind; (n) commemoration, memorial, absently, deficiently, lackingly, nonexistently. recall, relic, monument, keepsake, princely: (adj, v) August, grand, great, reminiscence, recognition; (adj, n) lordly, dignified, stately; (adj) memento.

76

The Winter's Tale

POLIXENES. That's likewise part of my intelligence: but, I fear, the angle that plucks our son thither. Thou shalt accompany us to the place; where we will, not appearing what we are, have some question with the shepherd; from whose simplicity I think it not uneasy to get the cause of my son's resort thither. Pr'ythee, be my present partner in this business, and lay aside the thoughts of Sicilia.% CAMILLO. I willingly obey your command. POLIXENES. My best Camillo!--We must disguise ourselves. [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. A ROAD NEAR THE SHEPHERD'S COTTAGE. AUTOLYCUS. [Singing.] When daffodils begin to peer,-With, hey! the doxy over the dale,-Why, then comes in the sweet o' the year: For the red blood reigns in the winter's pale. The white sheet bleaching on the hedge,-With, hey! the sweet birds, O, how they sing!-Doth set my pugging tooth on edge; For a quart of ale is a dish for a king. The lark, that tirra-lirra chants,--

Thesaurus bleaching: (v) to bleach, whiten; (n) fading, decolourization; (adj) acid. disguise: (n, v) cloak, mask, conceal, masquerade, veil, camouflage, color; (n) guise, concealment; (v) hide, dissemble. ANTONYMS: (n) revelation; (v) unmask, uncover, show, expose, display, disclose, clarify, reveal. dish: (n) basin, disk, plate, meal, platter, food, saucer, beauty, meat, repast; (n, v) hollow.

doxy: (n) mistress, concubine, that location; (adj) further, ulterior, paramour, courtesan, faith, bona remoter, succeeding, more distant. tooth: (n) palate, denticle, trident, roba, Chere Amie, odalisque. lark: (n) joke, fun, trick, prank, antic, sprocket, saw, premolar, nap, incisor, caper, game; (n, v) romp, frolic, grain, eyetooth; (adj) nib. gambol; (v) rollick. willingly: (adv) readily, voluntarily, pugging: (n) infilling. cheerfully, spontaneously, helpfully, quart: (n) quartile, quartic, disposedly, actively, openly, obligingly, eagerly; (adj, adv) freely. quartilunar, quartole, quartlet, ANTONYMS: (adv) grudgingly, quarts, quarto, quarter. thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that reluctantly, uncooperatively, point, in that respect, at that place, in unenthusiastically.

William Shakespeare

77

With, hey! with, hey! the thrush and the jay,-Are summer songs for me and my aunts, While we lie tumbling in the hay. %

I have serv'd Prince Florizel, and in my time wore three-pile; but now I am out of service: But shall I go mourn for that, my dear? The pale moon shines by night: And when I wander here and there, I then do most go right. If tinkers may have leave to live, And bear the sow-skin budget, Then my account I well may give And in the stocks avouch it. My traffic is sheets; when the kite builds, look to lesser linen. My father named me Autolycus; who being, I as am, littered under Mercury, was likewise a snapper-up of unconsidered trifles. With die and drab I purchased this caparison; and my revenue is the silly-cheat: gallows and knock are too powerful on the highway; beating and hanging are terrors to me; for the life to come, I sleep out the thought of it.--A prize! a prize! [Enter CLOWN.] CLOWN. Let me see:--every 'leven wether tods; every tod yields pound and odd shilling; fifteen hundred shorn, what comes the wool to? AUTOLYCUS. [Aside.] If the springe hold, the cock's mine.

Thesaurus avouch: (v) assert, affirm, asseverate, brilliant, chic, flashy, interesting, ensure, declare, admit, acknowledge, cheerful, distinctive, smart, strong. protest, vouch, warrant; (n, v) avow. gallows: (n) gibbet, gallous, gallowsANTONYM: (v) disavow. bitts, hanging, noose, scaffold, halter, caparison: (v) bard, equip; (n) tree, rope, gallowstree, bough. mourn: (v) bewail, grieve, deplore, cry, trappings, housing, horsecloth, accouterment, rigging, saddlery, bemoan, regret, distress, sad, wail, mourning, weep. ANTONYMS: (v) slops, suit, toggery. drab: (adj) dreary, gloomy, dingy, rejoice, celebrate, applaud. shorn: (adj) sheared, hairless, bald, cheerless, somber, boring, dowdy, dark, colorless, dull, depressing. stubbed, Shearn, Sheard, shear, ANTONYMS: (adj) colorful, vivid, clipped, not, Nott, shaven.

springe: (n) springle. thrush: (n) mavis, ouzel, Whiterumped thrush, candidiasis, blackbird, bluethroat, fieldfare, merl, moniliasis, ousel, philomel. unconsidered: (adj) inconsiderate, thoughtless, unadvised, inconsequential, hasty, rash, reckless, trifling, inconsiderable, unwise, indiscriminate. ANTONYMS: (adj) prudent, deliberate. wether: (n) sheep, wedder.

78

The Winter's Tale

CLOWN. I cannot do 't without counters.--Let me see; what am I to buy for our sheepshearing feast? 'Three pound of sugar; five pound of currants; rice'--what will this sister of mine do with rice? But my father hath made her mistress of the feast, and she lays it on. She hath made me four and twenty nosegays for the shearers,--three-man song-men all, and very good ones; but they are most of them means and bases; but one puritan amongst them, and he sings psalms to hornpipes. I must have saffron to colour the warden pies; 'mace--dates',-none, that's out of my note; 'nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger',--but that I may beg; 'four pound of prunes, and as many of raisins o' the sun'.% AUTOLYCUS. [Grovelling on the ground.] O that ever I was born! CLOWN. I' the name of me,-AUTOLYCUS. O, help me, help me! Pluck but off these rags; and then, death, death! CLOWN. Alack, poor soul! thou hast need of more rags to lay on thee, rather than have these off. AUTOLYCUS. O sir, the loathsomeness of them offend me more than the stripes I have received, which are mighty ones and millions. CLOWN. Alas, poor man! a million of beating may come to a great matter. AUTOLYCUS. I am robb'd, sir, and beaten; my money and apparel ta'en from me, and these detestable things put upon me. CLOWN. What, by a horseman or a footman?

Thesaurus apparel: (n, v) garb, attire, garment, follower, flunkey, flunky, varlet, array, vesture; (n) clothing, finery, servitor, valet de chambre, boy, costume, clothes; (v) adorn, clothe. knave; (n, v) lackey. detestable: (adj) hateful, abhorrent, loathsomeness: (n) dreadfulness, damnable, odious, offensive, odiousness, horridness, disgust, despicable, execrable, horrible, nastiness, abomination, aversion, infamous; (adj, v) cursed; (adj, adv) awfulness, detestation, loathliness, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) disgustedness. admirable, adorable, sweet, loveable, pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, lovable, likable, delightful, cherished, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. honorable, desirable, nice. footman: (n) attendant, butler, ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice,

gutlessness; (v) undercharge. puritan: (adj) blue, puritanic, puritanical, Methodist, formalist, religionist; (n) precisian, devotee, sanyasi, yogi; (v) coquette. rags: (adj) refuse, rubble, scourings, sweepings, trash, waste; (n) clothing, tatter, orts, odds and ends, dress. saffron: (n) yellow, crocus sativus, orange yellow, yellowness, seasoner, seasoning, flavouring, flavourer, saffron crocus, flavorer; (adj) topaz.

William Shakespeare

79

AUTOLYCUS. A footman, sweet sir, a footman.% CLOWN. Indeed, he should be a footman, by the garments he has left with thee: if this be a horseman's coat, it hath seen very hot service. Lend me thy hand, I'll help thee: come, lend me thy hand. [Helping him up.] AUTOLYCUS. O, good sir, tenderly, O! CLOWN. Alas, poor soul! AUTOLYCUS. O, good sir, softly, good sir: I fear, sir, my shoulder blade is out. CLOWN. How now! canst stand? AUTOLYCUS. Softly, dear sir! [Picks his pocket.] good sir, softly; You ha' done me a charitable office. CLOWN. Dost lack any money? I have a little money for thee. AUTOLYCUS. No, good sweet sir; no, I beseech you, sir: I have a kinsman not past three quarters of a mile hence, unto whom I was going; I shall there have money or anything I want: offer me no money, I pray you; that kills my heart. CLOWN. What manner of fellow was he that robbed you?

Thesaurus blade: (n) knife, beau, foil, falchion, cutlass, sword, leaf, shaft, razor, brand, steel. charitable: (adj) kind, clement, gentle, benevolent, liberal, bountiful, philanthropic, generous, humane, kindly, lenient. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncharitable, mean, nasty, tightfisted, inhumane, selfish, miserly, hard, cruel, commercial, cheap. garments: (n) attire, clothing, dress, apparel, raiment, outfit, costume,

garb, array, gear, anything worthless. robbed: (adj) plundered, rubato, kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, fleeced, borrowed, bereft. softly: (adv) quietly, mildly, lightly, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, tenderly, delicately, gently, soft, consanguinity; (v) confederate. quiet, silently, kindly, slowly. lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart, ANTONYMS: (adv) hoarsely, bestow, contribute, borrow, bring, roughly, loudly, clearly, harshly, add, confer; (n) lending. forte, severely, strongly, heavily, quarters: (n) abode, domicile, lodging, convincingly, brightly. unto: (prep, v) to, till, up to; (prep) residence, quarter, diggings, pad, digs, lodgings, accommodation, towards, before. barracks.

80

The Winter's Tale

AUTOLYCUS. A fellow, sir, that I have known to go about with troll-my-dames; I knew him once a servant of the prince; I cannot tell, good sir, for which of his virtues it was, but he was certainly whipped out of the court.% CLOWN. His vices, you would say; there's no virtue whipped out of the court: they cherish it, to make it stay there; and yet it will no more but abide. AUTOLYCUS. Vices, I would say, sir. I know this man well: he hath been since an apebearer; then a process-server, a bailiff; then he compassed a motion of the Prodigal Son, and married a tinker's wife within a mile where my land and living lies; and, having flown over many knavish professions, he settled only in rogue: some call him Autolycus. CLOWN. Out upon him! prig, for my life, prig: he haunts wakes, fairs, and bearbaitings. AUTOLYCUS. Very true, sir; he, sir, he; that's the rogue that put me into this apparel. CLOWN. Not a more cowardly rogue in all Bohemia; if you had but looked big and spit at him, he'd have run. AUTOLYCUS. I must confess to you, sir, I am no fighter: I am false of heart that way; and that he knew, I warrant him. CLOWN. How do you now? AUTOLYCUS. Sweet sir, much better than I was; I can stand and walk: I will even take my leave of you and pace softly towards my kinsman's.

Thesaurus abide: (v) endure, bide, undergo, tolerate, take, suffer, stomach, bear, brook; (adj, v) stay, dwell. ANTONYMS: (v) check, depart, disallow, disapprove, disbelieve, journey, dodge, leave, migrate, move, pass. bailiff: (n) officer, underwriter, castellan, solicitor, seneschal, secretary, proctor, official, middleman, functionary, broker. cherish: (v) care for, nurture, treasure,

entertain, cultivate, bosom, prize, esteem, harbor; (n, v) hug, foster. ANTONYMS: (v) hate, scorn, reject, denounce, despise, neglect. compassed: (adj) fulfilled, finished, done, complete, confined. cowardly: (adj, adv) dastardly, scared, shrinking; (adj) timid, afraid, craven, gutless, sneaky, fainthearted, faint; (adv) recreantly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) brave, daring, bold, courageous; (adj) intrepid, fearless, strong,

determined; (adv) dauntless, gutsy, unafraid. knavish: (adj) tricky, dishonest, crafty, sly, roguish, guileful, foxy, dodgy, cunning, false, corrupt. prig: (v) pilfer, filch, steal, rob, purloin, thieve; (n) nim, snob, old maid, pedant, filcher. spit: (v) drizzle, expectorate, sprinkle, spew, drool, spike, spatter; (n) broach, saliva, cape; (n, v) skewer. whipped: (v) whipt.

William Shakespeare

81

CLOWN. Shall I bring thee on the way? AUTOLYCUS. No, good-faced sir; no, sweet sir.% CLOWN. Then fare thee well: I must go buy spices for our sheep-shearing. AUTOLYCUS. Prosper you, sweet sir! [Exit CLOWN.] Your purse is not hot enough to purchase your spice. I'll be with you at your sheep-shearing too. If I make not this cheat bring out another, and the shearers prove sheep, let me be enrolled, and my name put in the book of virtue! [Sings.] Jog on, jog on, the footpath way, And merrily hent the stile-a: A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. [Exit.]

SCENE IV. THE SAME. A SHEPHERD'S COTTAGE. [Enter FLORIZEL and PERDITA.] FLORIZEL. These your unusual weeds to each part of you Do give a life,--no shepherdess, but Flora Peering in April's front. This your sheep-shearing Is as a meeting of the petty gods, And you the queen on't.

Thesaurus cheat: (n, v) trick, con, fake, sham; (n) heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n) fraud, bilk, impostor; (v) defraud, spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel, beguile, betray, fleece. ANTONYMS: crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n) (v) support, repay, help, contribute, body, surface. merrily: (adv) gaily, cheerfully, aid. enrolled: (adj) listed, conscript. blithely, cheerily, gladly, gleefully, fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, mirthfully, brightly, jovially, joyfully, gayly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sadly, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop. anxiously, miserably, unhappily, footpath: (n) track, walk, path, trail, carefully, despondently. sidewalk, footway, walkway, trottoir, purse: (n) bag, pouch, money, way, lane, pavement. handbag, sac, currency, pocketbook,

pelf; (v) wrinkle, pucker, crease. sheep: (n) goat, ram, tup, ewe, cattle, follower, Bovidae, stock, simple, simpleton, family Bovidae. spice: (n) sauce, condiment, seasoning, piquancy, dash, salt, smack, tang; (adj, v) season; (v) flavor; (n, v) zest. tires: (v) pressure release valve, safety valve. weeds: (n) viduity, mourning band, garment, cypress, widowhood, dress; (adj) willow.

82

The Winter's Tale

PERDITA. Sir, my gracious lord, To chide at your extremes it not becomes me,-O, pardon that I name them!--your high self, The gracious mark o' the land, you have obscur'd With a swain's wearing; and me, poor lowly maid, Most goddess-like prank'd up. But that our feasts In every mess have folly, and the feeders Digest it with a custom, I should blush To see you so attir'd; swoon, I think, To show myself a glass.% FLORIZEL. I bless the time When my good falcon made her flight across Thy father's ground. PERDITA. Now Jove afford you cause! To me the difference forges dread: your greatness Hath not been us'd to fear. Even now I tremble To think your father, by some accident, Should pass this way, as you did. O, the fates! How would he look to see his work, so noble, Vilely bound up? What would he say? Or how Should I, in these my borrow'd flaunts, behold The sternness of his presence? FLORIZEL. Apprehend Nothing but jollity. The gods themselves, Humbling their deities to love, have taken The shapes of beasts upon them: Jupiter Became a bull and bellow'd; the green Neptune

Thesaurus beasts: (n) stock. becomes: (v) become. chide: (n, v) censure, reprimand, blame; (v) rebuke, admonish, chasten, lecture, scold, reproach, chastise, reprove. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, laud, commend, compliment, approve. extremes: (n) excess; (adv) overboard. falcon: (n) caracara, thug, freebooter, mosstrooper, peregrine falcon, harpy, Merlin, land shark, shark, hobby,

sternness: (n) harshness, rigor, dacoit. jollity: (adj, n) glee, joviality; (n) strictness, austerity, rigour, asperity, merriment, cheerfulness, festivity, inclemency, hardness, grimness, frolic, gladness, hilarity, mirth, unpermissiveness, acrimony. gaiety; (adj) jocundity. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (n) leniency, warmth, (n) seriousness, misery. pleasantness, cheerfulness. lowly: (adj) base, lower, low, inferior, swoon: (adj, n, v) faint; (adj, n) baseborn; (adv) meekly, meanly, collapse; (n) fainting, syncope, prostration, deliquium; (v) conk, modestly, poorly, softly, humbly. ANTONYMS: (adj) noble, privileged, black out, pass out, die; (adj) puff. high, aristocratic, refined, exalted, comfortable.

William Shakespeare

83

A ram and bleated; and the fire-rob'd god, Golden Apollo, a poor humble swain, As I seem now:--their transformations Were never for a piece of beauty rarer,-Nor in a way so chaste, since my desires Run not before mine honour, nor my lusts Burn hotter than my faith.% PERDITA. O, but, sir, Your resolution cannot hold when 'tis Oppos'd, as it must be, by the power of the king: One of these two must be necessities, Which then will speak, that you must change this purpose, Or I my life. FLORIZEL. Thou dearest Perdita, With these forc'd thoughts, I pr'ythee, darken not The mirth o' the feast: or I'll be thine, my fair, Or not my father's; for I cannot be Mine own, nor anything to any, if I be not thine: to this I am most constant, Though destiny say no. Be merry, gentle; Strangle such thoughts as these with any thing That you behold the while. Your guests are coming: Lift up your countenance, as it were the day Of celebration of that nuptial which We two have sworn shall come. PERDITA. O lady Fortune, Stand you auspicious!

Thesaurus auspicious: (adj) lucky, favorable, propitious, happy, prosperous, providential, successful, opportune; (adj, n) fortunate, helpful; (adj, v) auspicial. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfortunate, inopportune, unfavorable, untimely, ominous, unlucky, insignificant. darken: (v) blur, blind, confuse, dim, shade, overcast, fog, overshadow; (adj, v) obscure; (n, v) conceal, shadow. ANTONYMS: (v) illuminate,

mortify; (n, v) disgrace, debase; (adj, whiten, lighten, clarify, disclose. destiny: (n) fate, chance, fortune, n, v) abase; (adj) base, lowly, kismet, luck, lot, destination, portion, unassuming, docile, low. weird, life; (n, v) doom. ANTONYMS: (adj) impressive, ANTONYMS: (n) chance, design. arrogant, haughty, imposing, feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) conceited, pompous, snooty, entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, overbearing, presumptuous, proud, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) exalted. feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, nuptial: (adj, n) bridal, marriage; (adj) starve; (n) snack. marital, matrimonial, spousal, guests: (n) guest, visitors. connubial, hymeneal, conjugal, humble: (v) demean, humiliate, wedding, married; (n) matrimony.

84

The Winter's Tale

FLORIZEL. See, your guests approach: Address yourself to entertain them sprightly, And let's be red with mirth.% [Enter Shepherd, with POLIXENES and CAMILLO, disguised; CLOWN, MOPSA, DORCAS, with others.] SHEPHERD. Fie, daughter! When my old wife liv'd, upon This day she was both pantler, butler, cook; Both dame and servant; welcom'd all; serv'd all; Would sing her song and dance her turn; now here At upper end o' the table, now i' the middle; On his shoulder, and his; her face o' fire With labour, and the thing she took to quench it She would to each one sip. You are retir'd, As if you were a feasted one, and not The hostess of the meeting: pray you, bid These unknown friends to us welcome, for it is A way to make us better friends, more known. Come, quench your blushes, and present yourself That which you are, mistress o' the feast: come on, And bid us welcome to your sheep-shearing, As your good flock shall prosper. PERDITA. [To POLIXENES.] Sir, welcome! It is my father's will I should take on me The hostess-ship o' the day: [To CAMILLO.] --You're welcome, sir! Give me those flowers there, Dorcas.--Reverend sirs,

Thesaurus butler: (n) waiter, pantryman, attendant, valet de chambre, livery servant, steward, flunkey, footman, lackey, manservant, valet. dame: (n) lady, female, queen, girl, gentlewoman, wench, skirt, matron, madam, ma'am, woman. disguised: (adj) cloaked, concealed, masked, secret, hidden, veiled, in disguise, incognito, blind; (adj, v) private; (n) groggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) recognizable, unmasked,

uncovered, uncloaked, revealed, open, obvious. entertain: (v) amuse, delight, bear, cherish, beguile, admit, accommodate, harbor, hold, distract; (n, v) interest. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore, banish, forget, tire, displease. flock: (n, v) crowd, cluster, pack, mass; (adj, n) bevy; (adj, n, v) swarm; (n) band, horde, congregation, herd; (v) assemble. ANTONYM: (v) disperse.

flowers: (n) analecta, anthology. pantler: (n) noose, net. prosper: (v) advance, flower, thrive, grow, bloom, succeed, boom, get ahead, get on; (adj) luxuriate; (n, v) fare. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate, collapse, decrease, dwindle, decline. quench: (adj, v) extinguish, allay, slake; (v) appease, quash, put out, destroy, assuage, annihilate, calm, chill. ANTONYMS: (v) stimulate, light.

William Shakespeare

85

For you there's rosemary and rue; these keep Seeming and savour all the winter long: Grace and remembrance be to you both! And welcome to our shearing! POLIXENES. Shepherdess-A fair one are you!--well you fit our ages With flowers of winter.% PERDITA. Sir, the year growing ancient,-Not yet on summer's death nor on the birth Of trembling winter,--the fairest flowers o' the season Are our carnations and streak'd gillyvors, Which some call nature's bastards: of that kind Our rustic garden's barren; and I care not To get slips of them. POLIXENES. Wherefore, gentle maiden, Do you neglect them? PERDITA. For I have heard it said There is an art which, in their piedness, shares With great creating nature. POLIXENES. Say there be; Yet nature is made better by no mean But nature makes that mean; so, o'er that art Which you say adds to nature, is an art That nature makes. You see, sweet maid, we marry A gentler scion to the wildest stock, And make conceive a bark of baser kind

Thesaurus creating: (v) create; (n) making. maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid. neglect: (n, v) disregard, slight, default; (v) ignore, fail, overlook, miss, forget, drop; (n) carelessness, omission. ANTONYMS: (n) development, surveillance, caution, affection, cherish; (v) do, protect, complete, remember, heed; (n, v) care.

rosemary: (n) herb, thyme, Labiatae, ANTONYM: (n) ancestor. rosmary, Rosmarinus, rosmarine, pot shearing: (n, v) shear; (n) cutting, herbs, parsley, mint family, clipping, clip, pruning, Lamiaceae, sage. sheepshearing, embrace, pulling, rustic: (n) countryman, peasant; (adj) cutting off; (v) fleece. slips: (n) pad. rural, pastoral, boorish, country, trembling: (adj, n) shaking; (adj, n, v) bucolic, provincial, hick, agrestic, countrified. ANTONYMS: (adj) town, tremor; (adj) shaky, quaking, shivering, flutter; (n) palpitation, urbane, cultured, city, sophisticated. scion: (n) offspring, progeny, child, quiver, vibration, shiver, quake. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, steady. descendant, graft, sprout, cutting, slip, offshoot, branch, bud.

86

The Winter's Tale

By bud of nobler race. This is an art Which does mend nature,-- change it rather; but The art itself is nature.% PERDITA. So it is. POLIXENES. Then make your garden rich in gillyvors, And do not call them bastards. PERDITA. I'll not put The dibble in earth to set one slip of them; No more than were I painted, I would wish This youth should say, 'twere well, and only therefore Desire to breed by me.--Here's flowers for you; Hot lavender, mints, savory, marjoram; The marigold, that goes to bed with the sun, And with him rises weeping; these are flowers Of middle summer, and I think they are given To men of middle age. You're very welcome! CAMILLO. I should leave grazing, were I of your flock, And only live by gazing. PERDITA. Out, alas! You'd be so lean that blasts of January Would blow you through and through.--Now, my fairest friend, I would I had some flowers o' the spring that might Become your time of day;--and yours, and yours, That wear upon your virgin branches yet Your maidenheads growing.--O Proserpina, From the flowers now, that, frighted, thou lett'st fall

Thesaurus branches: (n) branch, brushwood. marigold: (adj) day lily, daffodil, dibble: (n) drill, wimble, stylet; (v) buttercup, asphodel, anemone; (n) delve, harrow, plow, lop and top, aster family, dandelion, compositae, hoe, rake, weed, plough. big marigold, family Asteraceae, gazing: (adj) fixed. Asteraceae. grazing: (n) pasturage, feeding, mend: (adj, v) improve; (v) correct, shaving, farming, Estancia, eating, cure, heal, doctor, better, amend, restore, convalesce; (n, v) fix, patch. skimming. lavender: (adj) lilac, purple, puce, light ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, tear, smash, decline, deteriorate; (n) purple, pale purple, indigo, chromatic; (adj, n) violet, amethyst; fracture. (n) shrub, genus Lavandula. savory: (adj) spicy, dainty, fragrant,

appetizing, tasteful, delectable, tasty, delicious, piquant, aromatic; (adj, n) savoury. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant, unappetizing, sweet. slip: (adj, n, v) lapse, miss; (adj, n) fault, blunder; (n, v) slide, drop, mistake, escape, skid, trip; (n) cutting. ANTONYM: (n) invoice. virgin: (adj) pure, new, chaste, innocent, fresh, untouched, intact, virginal; (adj, n) vestal; (n) maid, girl. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiled, sullied.

William Shakespeare

87

From Dis's waggon!,--daffodils, That come before the swallow dares, and take The winds of March with beauty; violets dim But sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes Or Cytherea's breath; pale primroses, That die unmarried ere they can behold Bright Phoebus in his strength,--a malady Most incident to maids; bold oxlips, and The crown-imperial; lilies of all kinds, The flower-de-luce being one.--O, these I lack, To make you garlands of; and, my sweet friend, To strew him o'er and o'er! FLORIZEL. What, like a corse? PERDITA. No; like a bank for love to lie and play on; Not like a corse; or if,--not to be buried, But quick, and in mine arms. Come, take your flowers; Methinks I play as I have seen them do In Whitsun pastorals: sure, this robe of mine Does change my disposition.% FLORIZEL. What you do Still betters what is done. When you speak, sweet, I'd have you do it ever; when you sing, I'd have you buy and sell so; so give alms; Pray so; and, for the ordering your affairs, To sing them too: when you do dance, I wish you A wave o' the sea, that you might ever do Nothing but that; move still, still so, and own No other function: each your doing,

Thesaurus bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious, order, disposal, grading, adjustment, swig; (v) bolt, consume, devour, manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless, management, decree, configuration, accept, stomach, endure. classification; (adj) imperative. ANTONYMS: (n, v) sip; (v) doubt, spirited, heroic, daring, courageous, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, robe: (n, v) dress, array, vest, garb, expel, disbelieve, reject, express. apparel; (v) clothe, attire, rig; (n) unmarried: (adj) unwedded, sole, modest, afraid, meek, shy, light, courteous, discreet, faint, fearful, gown, cloak, garment. alone, unattached, individual, strew: (v) scatter, spread, disperse, abashed. separate, celibate, widowed, corse: (n) cadaver, dry bones, skeleton, disseminate, distribute, diffuse, sow, bachelor, maiden, lone. ANTONYMS: (adj) married, marital, Corsica, carcass, bones. sprinkle, bestrew, circulate, lids: (n) lid. propagate. ANTONYM: (v) attached, wed, involved. lilies: (n) lily. concentrate. ordering: (n) disposition, sequence, swallow: (n, v) drink, gulp, taste, sip,

88

The Winter's Tale

So singular in each particular, Crowns what you are doing in the present deeds, That all your acts are queens.% PERDITA. O Doricles, Your praises are too large: but that your youth, And the true blood which peeps fairly through it, Do plainly give you out an unstained shepherd, With wisdom I might fear, my Doricles, You woo'd me the false way. FLORIZEL. I think you have As little skill to fear as I have purpose To put you to't. But, come; our dance, I pray: Your hand, my Perdita; so turtles pair That never mean to part. PERDITA. I'll swear for 'em. POLIXENES. This is the prettiest low-born lass that ever Ran on the green-sward: nothing she does or seems But smacks of something greater than herself, Too noble for this place. CAMILLO. He tells her something That makes her blood look out: good sooth, she is The queen of curds and cream. CLOWN. Come on, strike up.

Thesaurus curds: (n) fleetings. dance: (v) caper, bop, to dance, cavort, play, skip, to show courage, step; (n, v) hop, jump, shake. lass: (n) girl, lassie, damsel, young woman, young girl, fille, miss, Jeune fille, bobbysocker, bobbysoxer, woman. noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS:

(adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady. plainly: (adv) evidently, manifestly, clearly, distinctly, openly, obviously, patently, overtly, definitely; (adj, adv) frankly, honestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) imperceptibly, vaguely, obscurely, figuratively, unclearly, politely, incoherently, implicitly, finely, ambiguously, covertly.

singular: (adj, n) extraordinary; (adj) odd, individual, particular, peculiar, phenomenal, rare, queer, single, quaint, exceptional. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, together, usual, customary. unstained: (adj) unblemished, unspotted, clean, unsoiled, pure, stainless, immaculate, unsullied, untainted, chaste, undefiled. ANTONYM: (adj) stained.

William Shakespeare

89

DORCAS. Mopsa must be your mistress; marry, garlic, To mend her kissing with! MOPSA. Now, in good time! CLOWN. Not a word, a word; we stand upon our manners.-Come, strike up.% [Music.] [Here a dance Of SHEPHERDS and SHEPHERDESSES.] POLIXENES. Pray, good shepherd, what fair swain is this Which dances with your daughter? SHEPHERD. They call him Doricles; and boasts himself To have a worthy feeding; but I have it Upon his own report, and I believe it: He looks like sooth. He says he loves my daughter: I think so too; for never gaz'd the moon Upon the water as he'll stand, and read, As 'twere, my daughter's eyes: and, to be plain, I think there is not half a kiss to choose Who loves another best. POLIXENES. She dances featly. SHEPHERD. So she does anything; though I report it, That should be silent; if young Doricles Do light upon her, she shall bring him that Which he not dreams of.

Thesaurus featly: (adv) fetisely; (adj, adv) neatly; (n) feat; (adj) tripping. feeding: (n) alimentation, eating, nourishment, grazing, dining, browsing, feed supply, banqueting, supplying, ingestion, intake. kissing: (n) hugging, cuddling, fondling, arousal, foreplay, necking; (adj) embracing, adhering closely, billing, clinging, interosculant. looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion,

fashion, costume, garb. marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split. shepherd: (n) clergyman, sheepman, minister, herdsman, sheepherder, priest, presbyter; (v) lead, conduct, guide, guard. silent: (adj, adv) motionless; (adj) dumb, tacit, mute, noiseless,

reserved, placid, reticent, mum, taciturn, hush. ANTONYMS: (adj) spoken, talkative, loud, explicit, open, live, forthcoming, verbal, audible, talking, moving. strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend. swain: (n) boyfriend, fellow, love, rustic, flame, hind, man; (adj, n) lover, sweetheart, admirer; (adj) suitor.

90

The Winter's Tale

[Enter a SERVANT.] SERVANT. O master, if you did but hear the pedlar at the door, you would never dance again after a tabor and pipe; no, the bagpipe could not move you: he sings several tunes faster than you'll tell money: he utters them as he had eaten ballads, and all men's ears grew to his tunes.% CLOWN. He could never come better: he shall come in. I love a ballad but even too well, if it be doleful matter merrily set down, or a very pleasant thing indeed and sung lamentably. SERVANT. He hath songs for man or woman of all sizes; no milliner can so fit his customers with gloves: he has the prettiest love-songs for maids; so without bawdry, which is strange; with such delicate burdens of 'dildos' and 'fadings', 'jump her and thump her'; and where some stretch-mouth'd rascal would, as it were, mean mischief, and break a foul gap into the matter, he makes the maid to answer 'Whoop, do me no harm, good man',--puts him off, slights him, with 'Whoop, do me no harm, good man.' POLIXENES. This is a brave fellow. CLOWN. Believe me, thou talkest of an admirable conceited fellow. Has he any unbraided wares? SERVANT. He hath ribbons of all the colours i' the rainbow; points, more than all the lawyers in Bohemia can learnedly handle, though they come to him by the gross; inkles, caddisses, cambrics, lawns; why he sings 'em over as they were gods or goddesses; you would think a smock were she-angel, he so chants to the sleeve-hand and the work about the square on't.

Thesaurus bagpipe: (n) wind, bagpipes, musette. (adv) pathetically, patheticly, pitiably, bawdry: (n) bawdy, vulgarism, wretchedly, pitifully; (adj) grievously, fornication; (adj) Fescennine, double piteously, sorely, painfully. learnedly: (adv) wisely, letteredly, entente, equivoque, smut, ribaldry. conceited: (adj) arrogant, cocky, vain, literately, literarily, cleverly, boastful, proud, smug, affected, skilledly, intellectually, sagely, assuming, egotistical, haughty, studiously, culturedly, academically. pompous. ANTONYMS: (adj) milliner: (n) sempstress, clothier, modest, insecure, meek, selfless, fribble, hatmaker, snip, shaper, unassuming. merchandiser, tailor, costumier, ears: (n) antenna. merchant, maker. lamentably: (adj, adv) sadly, woefully; pedlar: (n) chapman, hawker,

huckster, packman, cadger, seller, coster, costermonger, vender, vendor, street vendor. rascal: (n) villain, rapscallion, monkey, miscreant, knave, scoundrel, scamp, rogue, varlet, vagabond, brat. smock: (n) duster, shirt, chemise, gaberdine, sark, dust coat, overalls, dress, blouse, smicket, coverall. tabor: (n) drum, tympan, TABOURINE, taborin, tabret, taborine, membranophone.

William Shakespeare

91

CLOWN. Pr'ythee bring him in; and let him approach singing.% PERDITA. Forewarn him that he use no scurrilous words in his tunes. [Exit SERVANT.] CLOWN. You have of these pedlars that have more in them than you'd think, sister. PERDITA. Ay, good brother, or go about to think. [Enter AUTOLYCUS, singing.] Lawn as white as driven snow; Cypress black as e'er was crow; Gloves as sweet as damask-roses; Masks for faces and for noses; Bugle-bracelet, necklace amber, Perfume for a lady's chamber; Golden quoifs and stomachers, For my lads to give their dears; Pins and poking-sticks of steel, What maids lack from head to heel. Come, buy of me, come; come buy, come buy; Buy, lads, or else your lasses cry: Come, buy. CLOWN. If I were not in love with Mopsa, thou shouldst take no money of me; but being enthralled as I am, it will also be the bondage of certain ribbons and gloves. MOPSA. I was promis'd them against the feast; but they come not too late now.

Thesaurus bondage: (n) thrall, thraldom, engrossed, delighted, beguiled, bond, ribbons: (n) cavesson, hackamore, thralldom, slavery, captivity, enchanted. jaquima, lines, streamer, streamers, enslavement, duress, restraint, yoke, gloves: (n) gauntlet, mitten, mittens, ticker tape, paper chain, decoration, vassalage; (adj, n) villenage. gauntlets, scarf, ornament, handbag, decorations, bunting. ANTONYMS: (n) independence, scurrilous: (adj) opprobrious, belt, batting glove, boxing glove, emancipation, freedom. baseball mitt. insulting, offensive, foul, rude, driven: (v) drive, impel, operate, money: (n) currency, capital, kale, coarse, scornful, obscene, ribald, propel; (adj) impelled, compulsive, injurious; (adj, v) scurrile. funds, means, lucre, assets, legal sister: (n) nurse, nun, brother, sisters, motivated, involuntary, dynamic, tender, pelf, cash, dough. successful; (n) drove. necklace: (n) collar, chain, chaplet, older sister, mate, twin, pair, fellow enthralled: (adj) charmed, spellbound, bracelet, necklet, string, corona, companion, double, match. ANTONYM: (n) brother. fascinated, absorbed, rapt, enslaved, neckband, jewelry, coronet, crown.

92

The Winter's Tale

DORCAS. He hath promised you more than that, or there be liars.% MOPSA. He hath paid you all he promised you: may be he has paid you more,--which will shame you to give him again. CLOWN. Is there no manners left among maids? will they wear their plackets where they should bear their faces? Is there not milking-time, when you are going to bed, or kiln-hole, to whistle off these secrets, but you must be tittle-tattling before all our guests? 'tis well they are whispering. Clamour your tongues, and not a word more. MOPSA. I have done. Come, you promised me a tawdry lace, and a pair of sweet gloves. CLOWN. Have I not told thee how I was cozened by the way, and lost all my money? AUTOLYCUS. And indeed, sir, there are cozeners abroad; therefore it behoves men to be wary. CLOWN. Fear not thou, man; thou shalt lose nothing here. AUTOLYCUS. I hope so, sir; for I have about me many parcels of charge. CLOWN. What hast here? ballads? MOPSA. Pray now, buy some: I love a ballad in print a-life; for then we are sure they are true.

Thesaurus ballad: (n) song, folk song, carol, poem, ballade, recitative, solfeggio, pastoral, recitativo, ditty, bravura. clamour: (n) clamoring, hue and cry, clamouring, blare, bedlam, uproar, vociferation, tumult, hubbub, exclamation; (v) utter. pair: (n, v) match; (adj, n) brace; (n) duet, duo, dyad; (v) join, mate, link, copulate, equate, marry. parcels: (n) post, correspondence, baggage, appurtenances, letters.

print: (n, v) mark, impress, nice, quality. photograph; (n) impression, wary: (adj) cautious, vigilant, careful, engraving, printing, picture, guarded, circumspect, suspicious, lettering, copy; (v) issue, engrave. shy, alert, chary, attentive, leery. promised: (adj) pledged, affianced, ANTONYMS: (adj) unwary, careless, betrothed, busy, devoted, employed, trusting, reckless, heedless, foolish, greatly interested, intended, unsuspecting, thoughtless, oblivious, involved; (v) benempt, named. forgetful, eager. tawdry: (adj) cheap, shoddy, whistle: (v) sing, twitter, hiss, warble, tweet, cheep, chirp, wheeze; (n, v) meretricious, showy, flashy, garish, cry; (n) whistling, tin whistle. loud, tasteless, trashy, tacky, brassy. ANTONYMS: (adj) sophisticated,

William Shakespeare

93

AUTOLYCUS. Here's one to a very doleful tune. How a usurer's wife was brought to bed of twenty money-bags at a burden, and how she long'd to eat adders' heads and toads carbonadoed.% MOPSA. Is it true, think you? AUTOLYCUS. Very true; and but a month old. DORCAS. Bless me from marrying a usurer! AUTOLYCUS. Here's the midwife's name to't, one Mistress Taleporter, and five or six honest wives that were present. Why should I carry lies abroad? MOPSA. Pray you now, buy it. CLOWN. Come on, lay it by; and let's first see more ballads; we'll buy the other things anon. AUTOLYCUS. Here's another ballad, of a fish that appeared upon the coast on Wednesday the fourscore of April, forty thousand fathom above water, and sung this ballad against the hard hearts of maids: it was thought she was a woman, and was turned into a cold fish for she would not exchange flesh with one that loved her. The ballad is very pitiful, and as true. DORCAS. Is it true too, think you? AUTOLYCUS. Five justices' hands at it; and witnesses more than my pack will hold.

Thesaurus appeared: (n) appearing. misunderstand, Miss. doleful: (adj) mournful, sorrowful, marrying: (adj) married. pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, sad, disconsolate, melancholy, miserable, piteous, dolorous, somber, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, woeful; (adj, v) dolesome. miserable, distressing, mean, ANTONYMS: (adj) gleeful, happy, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, glad, cheery, elated, euphoric. fathom: (n, v) plumb; (v) penetrate, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, discern, bottom, understand, impressive. sung: (v) sing; (n) call, sung dynasty, comprehend, know, make out, measure; (n) probe, gauge. strain, song dynasty, song, birdsong, ANTONYMS: (v) confuse, birdcall; (adj) spoken, outspoken,

choral. toads: (n) caecilians, class Amphibia, frogs, newts, salamanders. tune: (n) song, strain, air, harmony, note, concord; (v) adjust, regulate, string, tune up; (n, v) chant. ANTONYMS: (n) silence; (v) untune. usurer: (n) moneylender, cambist, loan shark, Shylock, banker; (adj) extortioner, codger, lickpenny, crib, churl, curmudgeon. witnesses: (n) audience.

94

The Winter's Tale

CLOWN. Lay it by too: another.% AUTOLYCUS. This is a merry ballad; but a very pretty one. MOPSA. Let's have some merry ones. AUTOLYCUS. Why, this is a passing merry one, and goes to the tune of 'Two maids wooing a man.' There's scarce a maid westward but she sings it: 'tis in request, I can tell you. MOPSA. We can both sing it: if thou'lt bear a part thou shalt hear; 'tis in three parts. DORCAS. We had the tune on't a month ago. AUTOLYCUS. I can bear my part; you must know 'tis my occupation: have at it with you. [SONG.] AUTOLYCUS. Get you hence, for I must go Where it fits not you to know. DORCAS. Whither? MOPSA. O, whither? DORCAS. Whither? MOPSA. It becomes thy oath full well Thou to me thy secrets tell.

Thesaurus fits: (v) epilepsy, bustle, racket, fuss, momentary, cursory, brief; (n) hubbub, megrims, rout, subsultus, overtaking, departure, expiration, staggers. decease, passage, death. occupation: (n) occupancy, business, ANTONYMS: (adj) lasting, thorough, intended, lengthy, long; (n) birth, craft, calling, job, place, vocation, career, function, line; (n, v) affair. failing. ANTONYM: (n) surrender. scarce: (adj) rare, insufficient, deficient, parts: (n) faculty, nous, quick parts, infrequent, uncommon, scant, scanty, sagacity, wit, surroundings; (adj) few, sparse; (adv) just, barely. ANTONYMS: (adj) plentiful, ingenuity, cleverness, capacity, turn, talents. common, adequate, strong, usual, passing: (adj) transient, ephemeral, extensive.

sing: (v) hymn, hum, chirp, drone, intone, vocalize, pipe, carol, snitch; (n, v) twitter, squeak. westward: (adv) west, westwards; (adj, adv) westerly; (adj) westbound, western; (v) to the west. whither: (adv) hither, thither, whereunto, whereto, for. wooing: (n) courting, suit, bundling, suit of clothes, the soft impeachment, entreaty, prayer, cause, causa, case; (adj) amatory.

William Shakespeare

95

DORCAS. Me too! Let me go thither.% MOPSA. Or thou goest to the grange or mill: DORCAS. If to either, thou dost ill. AUTOLYCUS. Neither. DORCAS. What, neither? AUTOLYCUS. Neither. DORCAS. Thou hast sworn my love to be; MOPSA. Thou hast sworn it more to me; Then whither goest?--say, whither? CLOWN. We'll have this song out anon by ourselves; my father and the gentlemen are in sad talk, and we'll not trouble them.--Come, bring away thy pack after me.--Wenches, I'll buy for you both:-- Pedlar, let's have the first choice.-Follow me, girls. [Exit with DORCAS and MOPSA.] AUTOLYCUS. [Aside.] And you shall pay well for 'em. Will you buy any tape, Or lace for your cape, My dainty duck, my dear-a?

Thesaurus dainty: (adj, v) nice; (adj, n, v) delicacy; (adj) fastidious, savory, tasteful, squeamish, particular, mincing, refined; (adj, n) tidbit; (n) luxury. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, vulgar, rough, inelegant, harsh, gross, awkward, accepting, heavy, careless, thick. duck: (adj, n, v) plunge; (v) douse, dodge, dive, evade, circumvent, bob, shirk; (adj, n) darling; (adj, v) souse; (n) canvas. ANTONYMS: (v)

confront, rise, jump, meet, accept; (n) drake. gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs. grange: (n) farm, farmhouse, toft, hacienda, granary, messuage, tenement. mill: (n) manufactory, grinder, factory, machine, plant, gristmill, foundry, engine, gin; (v) crush; (n, v) notch. neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother. ourselves: (pron) myself, herself, itself,

oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) me, yourselves, usself. pack: (n, v) crowd, bundle, bunch, load; (n) herd, company, bevy, batch; (v) heap, compress, jam. ANTONYMS: (v) unpack, unload, disperse, empty, loosen. song: (adj, v) lay; (n, v) ditty, chant; (n) air, strain, cry, warble, canto, poem; (v) sing; (adj) ballad.

96

The Winter's Tale

Any silk, any thread, Any toys for your head, Of the new'st and fin'st, fin'st wear-a? Come to the pedlar; Money's a meddler That doth utter all men's ware-a.% [Exeunt CLOWN, AUTOLYCUS, DORCAS, and MOPSA.] [Re-enter SERVANT.] SERVANT. Master, there is three carters, three shepherds, three neat-herds, three swineherds, that have made themselves all men of hair; they call themselves saltiers: and they have dance which the wenches say is a gallimaufry of gambols, because they are not in't; but they themselves are o' the mind (if it be not too rough for some that know little but bowling) it will please plentifully. SHEPHERD. Away! we'll none on't; here has been too much homely foolery already.--I know, sir, we weary you. POLIXENES. You weary those that refresh us: pray, let's see these four threes of herdsmen. SERVANT. One three of them, by their own report, sir, hath danced before the king; and not the worst of the three but jumps twelve foot and a half by the squire. SHEPHERD. Leave your prating: since these good men are pleased, let them come in; but quickly now. SERVANT. Why, they stay at door, sir. [Exit.] [Enter twelve RUSTICS, habited like SATYRS. They dance, and then exeunt.]

Thesaurus bowling: (n) tenpins, bowl, playing, game, skittles, throw, bosie ball, bosie, googly, Chinaman. foolery: (n) folly, tomfoolery, foolishness, buffoonery, clowning, inanity, romp, gambol, frolic, imbecility, lunacy. gallimaufry: (n) farrago, mash, medley, mingled yarn, miscellany, potpourri, salmagundi, olio, hotchpotch, sauce, omnium gatherum.

gambols: (n) behave, play, frolic, employment, disport, act, action, amusement. habited: (adj) clothed, dressed, garbed. jumps: (n) fit, nervousness, tension, anxiety, jitters. meddler: (adj) enthusiast, devotee, pickthank; (n) interloper, gossip, annoying person, backseat driver, intermeddler, buttinsky, intriguer, intruder. plentifully: (adv) plenteously,

bountifully, bounteously, abundantly, profusely, richly, fully, liberally, opulently, amply, prolifically. ANTONYM: (adv) meagerly. prating: (n) trash, drivel, report; (v) click, clack. refresh: (v) air, enliven, invigorate, update, comfort, regenerate, rejuvenate, cool, renew, restore; (adj) refreshing. ANTONYMS: (v) exhaust, tire, weary, stagnate, drain, kill.

William Shakespeare

97

POLIXENES. O, father, you'll know more of that hereafter.-Is it not too far gone?--'Tis time to part them.-He's simple and tells much. [Aside.] How now, fair shepherd! Your heart is full of something that does take Your mind from feasting. Sooth, when I was young And handed love as you do, I was wont To load my she with knacks: I would have ransack'd The pedlar's silken treasury and have pour'd it To her acceptance; you have let him go, And nothing marted with him. If your lass Interpretation should abuse, and call this Your lack of love or bounty, you were straited For a reply, at least if you make a care Of happy holding her.% FLORIZEL. Old sir, I know She prizes not such trifles as these are: The gifts she looks from me are pack'd and lock'd Up in my heart; which I have given already, But not deliver'd.--O, hear me breathe my life Before this ancient sir, who, it should seem, Hath sometime lov'd,--I take thy hand! this hand, As soft as dove's down, and as white as it, Or Ethiopian's tooth, or the fann'd snow that's bolted By the northern blasts twice o'er. POLIXENES. What follows this?-How prettily the young swain seems to wash

Thesaurus bounty: (adj, n) largesse; (n) abundance, bounteousness, premium, blessing, prize, munificence, beneficence, generosity; (v) benefaction; (n, v) gift. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, fine, insufficiency, penalty, meanness. breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale.

feasting: (n) carnival, eating. satiny, satin, shiny, smooth, slick, gifts: (n) money, generosity, downy, mild. ANTONYMS: (adj) contributions, charity, caliber, aid, coarse, dull, rough. sometime: (adv) someday, once, one munificence, bounty. ANTONYM: (n) meanness. day, formerly, sooner or later; (adj) prettily: (adv) beautifully, charmingly, quondam, erstwhile, former, old, late; (adj, adv) sometimes. pleasantly, handsomely, finely, wash: (adj, n, v) soak; (n, v) paint; (v) neatly, gracefully, picturesquely, elegantly, delightfully, pleasingly. clean, scrub, mop, moisten, lave, ANTONYMS: (adv) unattractively, scour, bathe; (n) washing, ablution. ANTONYM: (v) soil. unpleasantly. silken: (adj) glossy, silk, sleek, soft,

98

The Winter's Tale

The hand was fair before!--I have put you out: But to your protestation; let me hear What you profess.% FLORIZEL. Do, and be witness to't. POLIXENES. And this my neighbour, too? FLORIZEL. And he, and more Than he, and men,--the earth, the heavens, and all:-That,--were I crown'd the most imperial monarch, Thereof most worthy; were I the fairest youth That ever made eye swerve; had force and knowledge More than was ever man's,--I would not prize them Without her love: for her employ them all; Commend them, and condemn them to her service, Or to their own perdition. POLIXENES. Fairly offer'd. CAMILLO. This shows a sound affection. SHEPHERD. But, my daughter, Say you the like to him? PERDITA. I cannot speak So well, nothing so well; no, nor mean better: By the pattern of mine own thoughts I cut out The purity of his.

Thesaurus affection: (n) charity, attachment, release, support. statement, affirmation. purity: (n) holiness, cleanness, fondness, heart, love, disease, nature, earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, feeling, affectionateness, tenderness, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, cleanliness, virtue, honor, perfection, kindness. ANTONYMS: (n) disgust, creation, ball, country. pureness, sanctity, chastity, elegance; perdition: (adj, n) downfall, fall, ruin; (adj, n) clearness. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect, malice, loathing, dislike, (n) hell, inferno, infernal region, detachment, coldness, roughness. coarseness, impurity, contamination, condemn: (v) censure, reproach, nether region, deperdition, bane, clutter, dirtiness, corruption, castigate, attaint, deplore, sentence, destruction, overthrow. ANTONYM: mustiness. (n) heaven. swerve: (n, v) curve; (v) depart, stray, excoriate, upbraid, knock, doom, criticize. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, protestation: (n) protest, objection, turn, wander, deflect, sheer, veer, approve, commend, free, pardon, declaration, outcry, complaint, claim, diverge, shift, slew. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, demur, dissent, opposition, straighten, converge.

William Shakespeare

99

SHEPHERD. Take hands, a bargain!-And, friends unknown, you shall bear witness to't: I give my daughter to him, and will make Her portion equal his.% FLORIZEL. O, that must be I' the virtue of your daughter: one being dead, I shall have more than you can dream of yet; Enough then for your wonder: but come on, Contract us 'fore these witnesses. SHEPHERD. Come, your hand;-And, daughter, yours. POLIXENES. Soft, swain, awhile, beseech you; Have you a father? FLORIZEL. I have; but what of him? POLIXENES. Knows he of this? FLORIZEL. He neither does nor shall. POLIXENES. Methinks a father Is, at the nuptial of his son, a guest That best becomes the table. Pray you, once more; Is not your father grown incapable Of reasonable affairs? is he not stupid With age and altering rheums? can he speak? hear?

Thesaurus altering: (n) castration, fixing, interchange, neutering; (adj) changing, alterant. awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; (adv) briefly. dream: (n) aspiration, ambition, reverie, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare; (n, v) vision, sleep; (v) muse, imagine. ANTONYMS: (n) alertness, nightmare. grown: (adj) mature, big, growed, grown-up, developed, ripe,

grownup, fully grown, full-grown, recognized, famous, documented, growth, become. ANTONYM: (adj) identified, transparent; (n) native. virtue: (adj, n) merit, excellence, unripe. portion: (n, v) division, lot, allot, quality, attribute; (n) honor, dividend, divide; (n) piece, parcel, goodness, honesty, morality, fragment, component, section; (adj, n) decency, probity, efficacy. constituent. ANTONYM: (n) whole. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, guilt, unknown: (adj, n) secret, alien; (adj) vice, peccadillo, sin, dishonor, hidden, unfamiliar, unidentified, immorality, evil, demerit, obscure, nameless, foreign, inadequacy, disadvantage. anonymous; (n) stranger, foreigner. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar,

100

The Winter's Tale

Know man from man? dispute his own estate? Lies he not bed-rid? and again does nothing But what he did being childish? FLORIZEL. No, good sir; He has his health, and ampler strength indeed Than most have of his age.% POLIXENES. By my white beard, You offer him, if this be so, a wrong Something unfilial: reason my son Should choose himself a wife; but as good reason The father,--all whose joy is nothing else But fair posterity,--should hold some counsel In such a business. FLORIZEL. I yield all this; But, for some other reasons, my grave sir, Which 'tis not fit you know, I not acquaint My father of this business. POLIXENES. Let him know't. FLORIZEL. He shall not. POLIXENES. Pr'ythee let him. FLORIZEL. No, he must not.

Thesaurus childish: (adj) childlike, naive, babyish, immature, simple, puerile, infantile, juvenile, silly, frivolous, young. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, old, wise, adult, jaded. choose: (v) adopt, elect, select, pick, prefer, take, appoint, assign, decide, excerpt; (n) picking. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, waver, decline, forgo, spurn, dislike, elect. dispute: (adj, n, v) quarrel, debate, question; (n) conflict, difference; (n, v)

argue, wrangle, row, fight, squabble; reasons: (n) proof. (v) discuss. ANTONYMS: (n) wife: (n) matron, missis, partner, agreement, understanding, accord, married woman, spouse, consort, concord; (v) surrender, concede, helpmate, housewife, lady, woman, concur, confess, support, accept. viscountess. fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet, yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow, give; (v) surrender, concede, submit, reasonable, dispassionate, average, fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj, give up, grant, cede; (n) output. adv) clean; (n) blonde. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (v) persevere, survive, (adj) biased, unjust, exceptional, dark, stand, withstand, repel, reject, partial, mismatched, unwarranted, prevent, withhold, acquire, oppose, foul, imbalanced, prejudiced, poor. veto.

William Shakespeare

101

SHEPHERD. Let him, my son: he shall not need to grieve At knowing of thy choice.% FLORIZEL. Come, come, he must not.-Mark our contract. POLIXENES. [Discovering himself.] Mark your divorce, young sir, Whom son I dare not call; thou art too base To be acknowledged: thou a sceptre's heir, That thus affects a sheep-hook!--Thou, old traitor, I am sorry that, by hanging thee, I can but Shorten thy life one week.--And thou, fresh piece Of excellent witchcraft, who of force must know The royal fool thou cop'st with,-SHEPHERD. O, my heart! POLIXENES. I'll have thy beauty scratch'd with briers, and made More homely than thy state. For thee, fond boy,-If I may ever know thou dost but sigh That thou no more shalt see this knack,--as never I mean thou shalt,--we'll bar thee from succession; Not hold thee of our blood, no, not our kin, Far than Deucalion off:--mark thou my words: Follow us to the court.--Thou churl, for this time, Though full of our displeasure, yet we free thee From the dead blow of it.--And you, enchantment,-Worthy enough a herdsman; yea, him too That makes himself, but for our honour therein,

Thesaurus churl: (adj, n) niggard; (n) peasant, clown, curmudgeon, crosspatch, skinflint, countryman, tyke, tike, scrooge; (adj) miser. ANTONYMS: (n) aristocrat, gentleman. displeasure: (n) resentment, discomfort, dissatisfaction, dislike, discontent, exasperation, disfavor, annoyance, offense, pique, disapproval. ANTONYMS: (n) satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment, happiness, delight, contentment,

equanimity, approval. divorce: (v) detach, disunite, separate, break up, divide, isolate, disjoin, disjoint; (n) separation, divorcement; (n, v) rupture. ANTONYMS: (n) wedding, union; (v) unite, associate, espouse, join, marry. fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown, idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. ANTONYM: (n) savant. hanging: (n) execution, curtain, arras,

wall hanging; (adj) suspended, pendent, pendant, pendulous, hung, pending; (n, v) suspension. herdsman: (n) herder, drover, shepherd, goatherd, cad, gillie, herdman, pastoral, herd, cowherd, stockman. witchcraft: (n) incantation, sorcery, witchery, enchantment, spell, black magic, necromancy, fascination, charm, black art, glamour.

102

The Winter's Tale

Unworthy thee,--if ever henceforth thou These rural latches to his entrance open, Or hoop his body more with thy embraces, I will devise a death as cruel for thee As thou art tender to't. [Exit.] PERDITA. Even here undone! I was not much afeard: for once or twice I was about to speak, and tell him plainly The self-same sun that shines upon his court Hides not his visage from our cottage, but Looks on alike.--[To FLORIZEL.] Will't please you, sir, be gone? I told you what would come of this! Beseech you, Of your own state take care: this dream of mine, Being now awake, I'll queen it no inch further, But milk my ewes, and weep.% CAMILLO. Why, how now, father! Speak ere thou diest. SHEPHERD. I cannot speak, nor think, Nor dare to know that which I know. [To FLORIZEL.] --O, sir, You have undone a man of fourscore-three, That thought to fill his grave in quiet; yea, To die upon the bed my father died, To lie close by his honest bones! but now Some hangman must put on my shroud, and lay me Where no priest shovels in dust.

Thesaurus afeard: (adj) afraid. devise: (v) contrive, conceive, invent, plan, create, concoct, design, arrange, frame, formulate, excogitate. hangman: (n) executioner, headsman, hanger, tormentor, tiger, boggle, crossword puzzle, scrabble, wild beast, hyena. henceforth: (adv) hence, in future, after this; (adj) following. hoop: (n) circle, band, ring, loop, annulus, round, sphere, wheel,

circlet, halo; (v) encircle. affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, priest: (adj, n) clergyman, divine; (n) soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, pastor, celebrant, parson, cleric, hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, presbyter, chaplain. uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, self-same: (adj) uniform, twin. cold, experienced; (v) withdraw. shroud: (adj, n, v) cover; (n, v) cloak, undone: (adj) ruined, unfinished, hide, conceal; (adj, n) shelter; (v) sunk, done for, finished, behindhand, shield, envelop, enshroud; (n) decayed; (adj, v) doomed; (v) covering, mantle, pall. ANTONYM: accursed, to be pitied, devoted. (v) disclose. tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v)

William Shakespeare

103

[To PERDITA.] --O cursed wretch, That knew'st this was the prince, and wouldst adventure To mingle faith with him!,--Undone, undone! If I might die within this hour, I have liv'd To die when I desire. [Exit.] FLORIZEL. Why look you so upon me? I am but sorry, not afeard; delay'd, But nothing alt'red: what I was, I am: More straining on for plucking back; not following My leash unwillingly.% CAMILLO. Gracious, my lord, You know your father's temper: at this time He will allow no speech,--which I do guess You do not purpose to him,--and as hardly Will he endure your sight as yet, I fear: Then, till the fury of his highness settle, Come not before him. FLORIZEL. I not purpose it. I think Camillo? CAMILLO. Even he, my lord. PERDITA. How often have I told you 'twould be thus! How often said my dignity would last But till 'twere known!

Thesaurus cursed: (adj) damned, doomed, execrable, cussed, wretched, unlucky, accursed, blamed, blasted, confounded; (v) accurst. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, honorable, nice, sweet, kine. endure: (adj, n, v) continue, support; (n, v) bear, suffer, stand, be; (v) accept, undergo, allow, stay, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) perish, die, break, fall, discontinue, crumble, end, enjoy, resign, quit, collapse.

fury: (n) anger, exasperation, force, resentment, delirium, furor, frenzy, indignation, craze; (adj, n) wrath, ferocity. ANTONYMS: (n) composure, calmness, mildness, calm, pleasure, serenity. leash: (n, v) tether, harness; (v) bind, curb, rope; (n) bridle, constraint, restraint, strap; (adj) grapple, belay. plucking: (n) harvesting, rip out. straining: (n) effort, push, exertion, distortion, overrefinement, tension,

endeavor, torture, twisting; (adj) arduous; (v) tighten. temper: (adj, v) moderate, soften, mitigate, harden; (n) character, disposition, humor, nature; (v) modify, season, qualify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) upset; (v) soften, agitate, excite, flex, bend, increase; (n) composure, happiness, wrath, equanimity.

104

The Winter's Tale

FLORIZEL. It cannot fail but by The violation of my faith; and then Let nature crush the sides o' the earth together And mar the seeds within!--Lift up thy looks.-From my succession wipe me, father; I Am heir to my affection.% CAMILLO. Be advis'd. FLORIZEL. I am,--and by my fancy; if my reason Will thereto be obedient, I have reason; If not, my senses, better pleas'd with madness, Do bid it welcome. CAMILLO. This is desperate, sir. FLORIZEL. So call it: but it does fulfil my vow: I needs must think it honesty. Camillo, Not for Bohemia, nor the pomp that may Be thereat glean'd; for all the sun sees or The close earth wombs, or the profound seas hide In unknown fathoms, will I break my oath To this my fair belov'd: therefore, I pray you, As you have ever been my father's honour'd friend When he shall miss me,--as, in faith, I mean not To see him any more,--cast your good counsels Upon his passion: let myself and fortune Tug for the time to come. This you may know, And so deliver,--I am put to sea With her, who here I cannot hold on shore;

Thesaurus crush: (n, v) squeeze, crunch, press; (v) luxury, pageantry, magnificence, state, splendor. ANTONYMS: (n) beat, break, compress, conquer, stamp, overpower, squash, bruise. understatement, modesty. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, congratulate, profound: (adj) abstruse, intense, stretch, praise, inspirit, encourage, heavy, important, sound, bottomless, grave, obscure, utter, abysmal; (adj, v) compliment, expand, resist, submit, solid. ANTONYMS: (adj) shallow, smooth. fulfil: (v) complete, finish, accomplish, trivial, lightweight, stupid, simple, do, appease, carry out, execute, carry mild, facile, slight, insignificant, through, satisfy, perform, fill. prosaic. pomp: (n) grandeur, parade, senses: (adj) sober senses, sound mind; (n) reason, mind, conception, ostentation, show, ceremony, glory,

consciousness, judgment, faculties, mother wit, right mind, sanity. violation: (n) infraction, breach, infringement, trespass, assault, outrage, invasion; (adj, n, v) abuse; (n, v) crime, offense; (adj, n) defilement. ANTONYMS: (n) obedience, observance, consecration, respect. wipe: (n, v) rub; (v) mop, clean, towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash; (adj) sponge. ANTONYM: (v) dirty.

William Shakespeare

105

And, most opportune to her need, I have A vessel rides fast by, but not prepar'd For this design. What course I mean to hold Shall nothing benefit your knowledge, nor Concern me the reporting.% CAMILLO. O, my lord, I would your spirit were easier for advice, Or stronger for your need. FLORIZEL. Hark, Perdita.-[Takes her aside.] [To CAMILLO.] I'll hear you by and by. CAMILLO. He's irremovable, Resolv'd for flight. Now were I happy if His going I could frame to serve my turn; Save him from danger, do him love and honour; Purchase the sight again of dear Sicilia And that unhappy king, my master, whom I so much thirst to see. FLORIZEL. Now, good Camillo, I am so fraught with curious business that I leave out ceremony. CAMILLO. Sir, I think You have heard of my poor services, i' the love That I have borne your father?

Thesaurus ceremony: (n) courtesy, celebration, relaxed, carefree, devoid, calm. opportune: (adj, v) appropriate; (adj) ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, ceremonies, manners, custom, ritual, favorable, apropos, auspicious, pageant. ANTONYMS: (n) modesty, expedient, happy, handy, timely, felicitous, favourable; (v) becoming. understatement. frame: (n, v) construct, design, ANTONYMS: (adj) untimely, fabricate, make, fashion, border, disadvantageous, inappropriate, build, forge; (v) draft, erect, contrive. inconvenient, unfortunate, unlucky. fraught: (v) replete; (adj) pregnant, stronger: (adj) reprobate, insensible, laden, frantic, anxious, worried, reproof, iniquity, hardening, distressed, filled, plenary, charged, shameless, graceless, immoralities, distracted. ANTONYMS: (adj) ministry; (v) Milman, misery.

thirst: (n, v) hunger, lust, wish; (n) longing, yen, craving, hankering, dryness, appetite; (v) starve, crave. ANTONYM: (n) dislike. unhappy: (adj) gloomy, dismal, depressed, melancholy, sad, miserable, sorrowful, distressed, disconsolate, infelicitous, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, cheerful, satisfied, pleased, glad, euphoric, fortunate, contented, joyful, timely, lucky.

106

The Winter's Tale

FLORIZEL. Very nobly Have you deserv'd: it is my father's music To speak your deeds; not little of his care To have them recompens'd as thought on.% CAMILLO. Well, my lord, If you may please to think I love the king, And, through him, what's nearest to him, which is Your gracious self, embrace but my direction,-If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration,--on mine honour, I'll point you where you shall have such receiving As shall become your highness; where you may Enjoy your mistress,--from the whom, I see, There's no disjunction to be made, but by, As heavens forfend! your ruin,--marry her; And,--with my best endeavours in your absence-Your discontenting father strive to qualify, And bring him up to liking. FLORIZEL. How, Camillo, May this, almost a miracle, be done? That I may call thee something more than man, And, after that, trust to thee. CAMILLO. Have you thought on A place whereto you'll go? FLORIZEL. Not any yet; But as the unthought-on accident is guilty

Thesaurus disjunction: (n) dissociation, forfend: (v) prevent, avert, rule out, severance, detachment, disunion, preclude, obviate, forbid, fend, deter, disjuncture, disengagement, prohibit. liking: (n, v) inclination; (n) fancy, separation, breakaway, disassociation, disconnectedness, appetite, taste, fondness, predilection, break. affection, partiality, admiration, embrace: (v) comprise, adopt, approval, appreciation. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, aversion, comprehend, contain, admit, espouse, include; (n, v) clasp, hug, hatred, indifference, detachment, grip, bosom. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, dissatisfaction, antipathy. miracle: (adj, n) wonder, prodigy; (n) exclude, spurn, shun, renounce, release, loose, disbelieve. phenomenon, mystery, wonderwork,

surprise, sensation, event, theurgy, astonishment, amazement. ponderous: (adj) heavy, grave, onerous, burdensome, massive, unwieldy, bulky, stodgy, hard, tedious, dull. ANTONYMS: (adj) elegant, graceful, lively, brisk, manageable. strive: (v) endeavor, contend, contest, struggle, fight, attempt, combat, strain, work, aspire, aim. whereto: (adv) which, whither.

William Shakespeare

107

To what we wildly do; so we profess Ourselves to be the slaves of chance, and flies Of every wind that blows.% CAMILLO. Then list to me: This follows,--if you will not change your purpose, But undergo this flight,--make for Sicilia; And there present yourself and your fair princess,-For so, I see, she must be,--'fore Leontes: She shall be habited as it becomes The partner of your bed. Methinks I see Leontes opening his free arms, and weeping His welcomes forth; asks thee, the son, forgiveness, As 'twere i' the father's person; kisses the hands Of your fresh princess; o'er and o'er divides him 'Twixt his unkindness and his kindness,--the one He chides to hell, and bids the other grow Faster than thought or time. FLORIZEL. Worthy Camillo, What colour for my visitation shall I Hold up before him? CAMILLO. Sent by the king your father To greet him and to give him comforts. Sir, The manner of your bearing towards him, with What you as from your father, shall deliver, Things known betwixt us three, I'll write you down; The which shall point you forth at every sitting, What you must say; that he shall not perceive

Thesaurus bearing: (n, v) demeanor; (n) manner, direction, deportment, conduct, attitude, aspect, approach, appearance, respect, air. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, irrelevance; (adj) nonbearing. comforts: (n) amenities, bread and butter, convenience, conveniences. greet: (n, v) receive; (v) address, acknowledge, hail, welcome, cry, salute, bid, weep, meet, recognize. methinks: (adv) meseems.

slaves: (n) helotry, bondsmen. undergo: (v) experience, encounter, sustain, have, endure, bear, tolerate, go through, take, feel, know. ANTONYMS: (v) commit, do, execute. unkindness: (n) heartlessness, callousness, thoughtlessness, inconsideration, inconsiderateness, diskindness, insensitivity, unpleasantness, unfriendliness, unkindliness, insensitiveness.

ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, diplomacy, gentleness, humanity, thoughtfulness. wildly: (adj, adv) madly, extravagantly; (adv) savagely, fiercely, violently, frantically, brutally, furiously, tempestuously, viciously, crazily. ANTONYMS: (adv) quietly, peacefully, meekly, cautiously, gently.

108

The Winter's Tale

But that you have your father's bosom there, And speak his very heart.% FLORIZEL. I am bound to you: There is some sap in this. CAMILLO. A course more promising Than a wild dedication of yourselves To unpath'd waters, undream'd shores, most certain To miseries enough: no hope to help you; But as you shake off one to take another: Nothing so certain as your anchors; who Do their best office if they can but stay you Where you'll be loath to be: besides, you know Prosperity's the very bond of love, Whose fresh complexion and whose heart together Affliction alters. PERDITA. One of these is true: I think affliction may subdue the cheek, But not take in the mind. CAMILLO. Yea, say you so? There shall not at your father's house, these seven years Be born another such. FLORIZEL. My good Camillo, She is as forward of her breeding as She is i' the rear our birth.

Thesaurus affliction: (n, v) adversity; (n) distress, character, appearance, look, hue, regret, martyrdom, torment, curse, aspect, flush, glow, dye, fashion. dedication: (n) allegiance, devotion, trial, bane, misadventure, sorrow, agony. ANTONYMS: (n) gift, commitment, offering, inscription, godsend, solace, blessing. loyalty, sanctification, celebration, breeding: (n) education, upbringing, fidelity, passion; (adj, n) glorification. ANTONYMS: (n) unfaithfulness, nurture, manners, reproduction, generation, propagation, culture, desecration, disloyalty, dishonesty, fostering, cultivation, multiplication. neglect. ANTONYMS: (n) unsophistication, loath: (adj) unwilling, disinclined, vulgarity. reluctant, loth, indisposed, backward, complexion: (n, v) tint; (n) cast, hesitant, antipathetic, antipathetical,

loathe, shy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) eager, willing, disposed, keen. shores: (n) coast, seaboard, seashore, shoreline. ANTONYM: (n) interior. subdue: (adj, n, v) conquer; (v) overpower, crush, defeat, quell, quash, suppress, restrain; (n, v) reduce; (adj, v) repress; (adv, v) control. ANTONYMS: (v) incite, enliven, resist, submit.

William Shakespeare

109

CAMILLO. I cannot say 'tis pity She lacks instruction; for she seems a mistress To most that teach.% PERDITA. Your pardon, sir; for this: I'll blush you thanks. FLORIZEL. My prettiest Perdita!-But, O, the thorns we stand upon!--Camillo,-Preserver of my father, now of me; The medicine of our house!--how shall we do? We are not furnish'd like Bohemia's son; Nor shall appear in Sicilia. CAMILLO. My lord, Fear none of this: I think you know my fortunes Do all lie there: it shall be so my care To have you royally appointed as if The scene you play were mine. For instance, sir, That you may know you shall not want,--one word. [They talk aside.] [Re-enter AUTOLYCUS.] AUTOLYCUS. Ha, ha! what a fool Honesty is! and Trust, his sworn brother, a very simple gentleman! I have sold all my trumpery; not a counterfeit stone, not a riband, glass, pomander, brooch, table-book, ballad, knife, tape, glove, shoe-tie, bracelet, horn-ring, to keep my pack from fasting;--they throng who should buy first, as if my trinkets had been hallowed, and brought a benediction to the buyer: by which means I saw whose purse was best in picture; and what I

Thesaurus benediction: (n, v) blessing; (n) grace, orison, thanks, communion, doxology, hosanna, invocation, supplication, beatitude; (v) bless. ANTONYMS: (n) damning, malediction, anathema. bracelet: (n) annulus, armlet, circlet, wristband, necklace, ring, hoop, areola, circle, anklet, annulet. brooch: (n) broach, jewelry; (n, v) clasp; (v) fasten. counterfeit: (adj, n, v) sham; (n, v)

copy, duplicate; (adj, v) mock, falsify; wreath, medal, list. (adj) false, artificial, assumed; (adj, n) throng: (n, v) swarm, herd, mob, flock, imitation; (v) forge, ape. press; (n) multitude, host, horde, ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, real, mass, assembly, concourse. authentic, true, actual; (n) original. ANTONYMS: (n) trickle, few; (v) hallowed: (adj) holy, blessed, disperse. trinkets: (n) finery, jewels. consecrated, sacred, sanctified, divine, heavenly, saintly, inviolable, trumpery: (n) nonsense, trash, revered, sacrosanct. ANTONYM: frippery, gimcracks, gimcrackery, (adj) secular. tripe, frills, folderol, falderal; (adj) riband: (n) ribbon, fascia, band, trashy, worthless. ribband, spill, slip, shred, strip,

110

The Winter's Tale

saw, to my good use I remembered. My clown (who wants but something to be a reasonable man) grew so in love with the wenches' song that he would not stir his pettitoes till he had both tune and words; which so drew the rest of the herd to me that all their other senses stuck in ears: you might have pinched a placket,--it was senseless; 'twas nothing to geld a codpiece of a purse; I would have filed keys off that hung in chains: no hearing, no feeling, but my sir's song, and admiring the nothing of it. So that, in this time of lethargy, I picked and cut most of their festival purses; and had not the old man come in with whoobub against his daughter and the king's son, and scared my choughs from the chaff, I had not left a purse alive in the whole army.% [CAMILLO, FLORIZEL, and PERDITA come forward.] CAMILLO. Nay, but my letters, by this means being there So soon as you arrive, shall clear that doubt. FLORIZEL. And those that you'll procure from king Leontes,-CAMILLO. Shall satisfy your father. PERDITA. Happy be you! All that you speak shows fair. CAMILLO. [seeing AUTOLYCUS.] Who have we here? We'll make an instrument of this; omit Nothing may give us aid. AUTOLYCUS. [Aside.] If they have overheard me now,--why, hanging.

Thesaurus admiring: (adj) admire, admiringly, (adj, n) necessitous; (n) distressed. crew, collection, covey, multitude, ANTONYM: (adj) relaxed. loving, respectful, glowing, mob. lethargy: (n) drowsiness, indifference, procure: (v) get, obtain, buy, earn, win, affectionate, amatory, appreciative, enthusiastic, flattering, approving. apathy, inactivity, fatigue, inertia, gain, have, purchase, induce, derive, ANTONYMS: (adj) defamatory, find. ANTONYM: (v) give. stupor, laziness, sluggishness, idleness, languor. ANTONYMS: (n) senseless: (adj) foolish, mindless, critical, disdainful, disapproving, disrespectful, uncomplimentary. verve, vitality, liveliness, nimbleness, preposterous, pointless, irrational, chaff: (v) tease, jest, rally, mock, kid, animation, alertness, vigor, activity, absurd, stupid, insensible, idiotic, jolly, joke; (n) bran, raillery, husk; (n, wakefulness, interest, speediness. fatuous, purposeless. ANTONYMS: v) ridicule. pinched: (adj) haggard, drawn, (adj) meaningful, wise, conscious, herd: (n, v) crowd; (adj) bevy, many; emaciated, cadaverous, narrow, provoked, prudent, useful, (adj, n, v) swarm; (n) drove, gang, penurious, thin, penniless, adenoidal; worthwhile.

William Shakespeare

111

CAMILLO. How now, good fellow! why shakest thou so? Fear not, man; here's no harm intended to thee.% AUTOLYCUS. I am a poor fellow, sir. CAMILLO. Why, be so still; here's nobody will steal that from thee: yet, for the outside of thy poverty we must make an exchange; therefore discase thee instantly,-thou must think there's a necessity in't,--and change garments with this gentleman: though the pennyworth on his side be the worst, yet hold thee, there's some boot. [Giving money.] AUTOLYCUS. I am a poor fellow, sir:-[Aside.] I know ye well enough. CAMILLO. Nay, pr'ythee dispatch: the gentleman is half flay'd already. AUTOLYCUS. Are you in camest, sir?--[Aside.] I smell the trick on't. FLORIZEL. Dispatch, I pr'ythee. AUTOLYCUS. Indeed, I have had earnest; but I cannot with conscience take it. CAMILLO. Unbuckle, unbuckle. [FLORIZEL and AUTOLYCUS exchange garments.] Fortunate mistress,--let my prophecy Come home to you!--you must retire yourself Into some covert; take your sweetheart's hat And pluck it o'er your brows, muffle your face,

Thesaurus covert: (adj) clandestine, hidden, quickness; (v) send, accelerate, concealed, secret, underground, deliver, quicken, slay. ANTONYMS: undercover; (n) cover, blind, refuge, (n) receiving, receipt, dawdling, concealment, covering. ANTONYMS: delay, loitering, silence; (v) keep, (adj) open, aboveboard, unconcealed, start, begin, hold, retain. earnest: (adj, v) devout; (adj) eager, public, blatant. discase: (v) bare, denude, deprive, solemn, heartfelt, diligent, studious, sincere, intense, ardent, staid; (n) despoil, disrobe, doff, strip, strip guarantee. ANTONYMS: (adj) down, clean, denudate, unclothe. ANTONYM: (v) dress. flippant, halfhearted, uncertain, dispatch: (n, v) speed, rush; (n) insincere, unimportant, nonchalant, consignment, expedition, celerity, lethargic, apathetic, unenthusiastic,

indifferent, frivolous. muffle: (v) deaden, dull, suppress, muzzle, smother, curb, silence, gag, hush, damp; (adj, v) stifle. ANTONYM: (v) amplify. pennyworth: (n) bargain. smell: (n, v) odor, scent, savor, perfume, stink, stench; (v) nose; (n) fragrance, bouquet, savour, odour. steal: (v) purloin, abstract, sneak, filch, pinch, creep, misappropriate, rob, pilfer; (n) bargain; (n, v) snatch.

112

The Winter's Tale

Dismantle you; and, as you can, disliken The truth of your own seeming; that you may,-For I do fear eyes over,--to shipboard Get undescried.% PERDITA. I see the play so lies That I must bear a part. CAMILLO. No remedy.-Have you done there? FLORIZEL. Should I now meet my father, He would not call me son. CAMILLO. Nay, you shall have no hat.-[Giving it to PERDITA.] Come, lady, come.--Farewell, my friend. AUTOLYCUS. Adieu, sir. FLORIZEL. O Perdita, what have we twain forgot! Pray you a word. [They converse apart.] CAMILLO. [Aside.] What I do next, shall be to tell the king Of this escape, and whither they are bound; Wherein, my hope is, I shall so prevail To force him after: in whose company

Thesaurus bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, similarity. fearlessness, reassurance, confidence, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, escape: (v) elude, avoid, evade, courage, valor, calm, boldness, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) circumvent, bolt; (n, v) break, dodge, security, equanimity, peace; (v) leak, run; (n) avoidance, evasion. release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, brave. ANTONYMS: (n, v) return; (v) twain: (n) pair, brace, dyad, deuce, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull. remain, catch, stay, face, block, twosome, duo, straddle, bitstock, converse: (n, v) chat, discourse, argue; attend; (n) incarceration, coupling, braces, yoke. (v) confer, confabulate, speak; (n) imprisonment, endurance, abidance. word: (n) news, tidings, password, conversation, colloquy, contrast; (adj, fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright, expression, report, vocable, n) opposite; (adj) counter. consternation, care, anguish; (n, v) statement, term; (v) formulate, ANTONYMS: (adj, n) equal; (adj) phrase; (n, v) advice. apprehension, doubt, concern, similar, complementary; (n) reverence. ANTONYMS: (n)

William Shakespeare

113

I shall re-view Sicilia; for whose sight I have a woman's longing.% FLORIZEL. Fortune speed us!-Thus we set on, Camillo, to the sea-side. CAMILLO. The swifter speed the better. [Exeunt FLORIZEL, PERDITA, and CAMILLO.] AUTOLYCUS. I understand the business, I hear it:--to have an open ear, a quick eye, and a nimble hand, is necessary for a cut-purse; a good nose is requisite also, to smell out work for the other senses. I see this is the time that the unjust man doth thrive. What an exchange had this been without boot? what a boot is here with this exchange? Sure, the gods do this year connive at us, and we may do anything extempore. The prince himself is about a piece of iniquity,-stealing away from his father with his clog at his heels: if I thought it were a piece of honesty to acquaint the king withal, I would not do't: I hold it the more knavery to conceal it; and therein am I constant to my profession. [Re-enter CLOWN and SHEPHERD.] Aside, aside;--here is more matter for a hot brain: every lane's end, every shop, church, session, hanging, yields a careful man work. CLOWN. See, see; what a man you are now! There is no other way but to tell the king she's a changeling, and none of your flesh and blood. SHEPHERD. Nay, but hear me. CLOWN. Nay, but hear me.

Thesaurus acquaint: (v) inform, familiarize, tell, mooncalf, gobemouche, jobbernowl. clog: (n, v) block, bar, glut; (v) choke, advise, present, introduce, warn, bring out, report, accustom, obstruct, foul, hinder, encumber, communicate. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, back up; (n) obstruction, patten. ANTONYMS: (v) free, clear, open, mislead, misrepresent, withhold, falsify, conceal. unblock. boot: (n, v) kick; (n) boots, connive: (v) scheme, intrigue, plot, Wellingtons, bang, gain, jackboot, contrive, collude, blink, wink, buskin, kicking, charge, shoe, overlook, acquiesce, plan, design. extempore: (adj) extemporary, bootikin. changeling: (n) tyke, child, youngster, offhanded, offhand, at short notice, tike, tiddler, shaver, nipper, nestling, improvised, unprepared; (adj, adv)

impromptu, ad-lib; (adv) extemporaneously, extemporarily, without preparation. knavery: (n) quackery, jugglery, foul play, trickery, swindle, betrayal, falsification, falsehood, charlatanism, knavishness, roguery. withal: (adv) nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, even so, all the same, nonetheless, with; (adj) likewise; (n) sufficiency, adequacy, enough.

114

The Winter's Tale

SHEPHERD. Go to, then.% CLOWN. She being none of your flesh and blood, your flesh and blood has not offended the king; and so your flesh and blood is not to be punished by him. Show those things you found about her; those secret things,--all but what she has with her: this being done, let the law go whistle; I warrant you. SHEPHERD. I will tell the king all, every word,--yea, and his son's pranks too; who, I may say, is no honest man neither to his father nor to me, to go about to make me the king's brother-in-law. CLOWN. Indeed, brother-in-law was the farthest off you could have been to him; and then your blood had been the dearer by I know how much an ounce. AUTOLYCUS. [Aside.] Very wisely, puppies! SHEPHERD. Well, let us to the king: there is that in this fardel will make him scratch his beard! AUTOLYCUS. [Aside.] I know not what impediment this complaint may be to the flight of my master. CLOWN. Pray heartily he be at palace. AUTOLYCUS. Though I am not naturally honest, I am so sometimes by chance. Let me pocket up my pedlar's excrement.

Thesaurus excrement: (adj, n) faeces; (n) dirt, heartily: (adv) cordially, sincerely, morsel, bit, Oz, apothecaries' ounce, shred, little, a few; (adj, n) grain. evacuation, excretion, dung, ordure, enthusiastically, warmly, strongly, pranks: (n) trouble. excreta, urine, body waste, earnestly, vigorously, ardently, droppings; (adj) feces. wisely: (adv) judiciously, prudently, soundly, devoutly, eagerly. fardel: (n) weight, load, encumbrance, ANTONYMS: (adv) feebly, sagaciously, cleverly, discreetly, freight, haycock, stack, impedimenta, languorously. shrewdly, smartly, learnedly, impediment: (n, v) hindrance, check, incumbrance, onus, sheaf, shock. astutely, sharply, perspicaciously. farthest: (adj) ultimate, extreme, difficulty, delay; (n) bar, hitch, ANTONYMS: (adv) stupidly, farthermost, utmost, uttermost, last, barrier, obstruction, drawback, recklessly, imprudently, immaturely, furthermost, endmost, greatest, most encumbrance, block. ANTONYMS: illogically. distant; (adj, adv) remotest. (n) benefit, boost, incentive, strength. ANTONYMS: (adv) closest, nearest. ounce: (n) crumb, modicum, atom,

William Shakespeare

115

[Aside, and takes off his false beard.] --How now, rustics! whither are you bound? SHEPHERD. To the palace, an it like your worship.% AUTOLYCUS. Your affairs there, what, with whom, the condition of that fardel, the place of your dwelling, your names, your ages, of what having, breeding, and anything that is fitting to be known? discover. CLOWN. We are but plain fellows, sir. AUTOLYCUS. A lie: you are rough and hairy. Let me have no lying; it becomes none but tradesmen, and they often give us soldiers the lie: but we pay them for it with stamped coin, not stabbing steel; therefore they do not give us the lie. CLOWN. Your worship had like to have given us one, if you had not taken yourself with the manner. SHEPHERD. Are you a courtier, an't like you, sir? AUTOLYCUS. Whether it like me or no, I am a courtier. Seest thou not the air of the court in these enfoldings? hath not my gait in it the measure of the court? receives not thy nose court-odour from me? reflect I not on thy baseness court-contempt? Think'st thou, for that I insinuate, that toaze from thee thy business, I am therefore no courtier? I am courtier cap-a-pe, and one that will either push on or pluck back thy business there: whereupon I command the to open thy affair. SHEPHERD. My business, sir, is to the king.

Thesaurus baseness: (n) meanness, despicability, accommodation, address, building, evil, depravity, wickedness, dirtiness, lodge, habitation; (adj, n) dwell. gait: (n, v) pace, step, tread, footstep, unworthiness, iniquity, infamy, lowness, villainy. ANTONYM: (n) rate, stride, action; (n) walk, carriage, goodness. movement, velocity. coin: (v) invent, mint, originate, create, hairy: (adj) hirsute, bushy, dangerous, strike, cast; (n, v) forge; (n) specie, downy, woolly, bristly, fleecy, rough, money, penny, piece. fuzzy, shaggy, fluffy. ANTONYMS: courtier: (n) aristocrat, official, (adj) hairless, safe, tidy, sleek. insinuate: (v) imply, hint, intimate, attendant, suckling. dwelling: (n) domicile, home, indicate, suggest, adumbrate, residence, house, place, connote, signify, ingratiate, instill,

denote. stabbing: (adj) piercing, acute, incisive, cutting, keen, penetrating, poignant, trenchant, knifelike, excruciating; (adj, n) shooting. ANTONYM: (adj) dull. stamped: (adj) beaten, marked, pressed, printed; (v) fixed, engraved. tradesmen: (n) fellow tradesmen. whereupon: (adv) thereupon, hereupon, upon which, at what, at which.

116

The Winter's Tale

AUTOLYCUS. What advocate hast thou to him? SHEPHERD. I know not, an't like you.% CLOWN. Advocate's the court-word for a pheasant, say you have none. SHEPHERD. None, sir; I have no pheasant, cock nor hen. AUTOLYCUS. How bless'd are we that are not simple men! Yet nature might have made me as these are, Therefore I will not disdain. CLOWN. This cannot be but a great courtier. SHEPHERD. His garments are rich, but he wears them not handsomely. CLOWN. He seems to be the more noble in being fantastical: a great man, I'll warrant; I know by the picking on's teeth. AUTOLYCUS. The fardel there? what's i' the fardel? Wherefore that box? SHEPHERD. Sir, there lies such secrets in this fardel and box which none must know but the king; and which he shall know within this hour, if I may come to the speech of him. AUTOLYCUS. Age, thou hast lost thy labour. SHEPHERD. Why, sir?

Thesaurus cock: (n) rooster, chicken, spigot, Peter, prick, cockerel, tool, stopcock, shaft; (n, v) stack; (v) ruffle. ANTONYM: (v) uncock. disdain: (n, v) despise, contemn, slight, ridicule; (n) contempt, derision, arrogance, haughtiness, pride; (v) scoff, disparage. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, admiration, reverence, worship, approval, regard; (v) approve, admire, praise, accept, participate.

fantastical: (adj, v) fanciful; (adj) antic, Argus pheasant, Argus. picking: (n) option, selection, chimerical, unusual, beautiful, unreal, strange, grotesque, odd, alternative, gathering, collection, extraordinary; (v) fancy. choice, harvesting, leavings, handsomely: (adv) liberally, prettily, collecting, indefinite quantity; (v) magnanimously, bonnily, largely, choose. wherefore: (adv, conj) therefore; (adv, lovely, charmingly, finely, generously, good-lookingly, smartly. n) why; (n) reason, proof; (adv) ANTONYM: (adv) poorly. accordingly, consequently, so, pheasant: (n) monal, afropavo, wherefor, hence, whence; (conj) then. peafowl, wildfowl, bird of Juno, golden pheasant, monaul, phasianid,

William Shakespeare

117

AUTOLYCUS. The king is not at the palace; he is gone aboard a new ship to purge melancholy and air himself: for, if thou beest capable of things serious, thou must know the king is full of grief.% SHEPHERD. So 'tis said, sir,--about his son, that should have married a shepherd's daughter. AUTOLYCUS. If that shepherd be not in hand-fast, let him fly: the curses he shall have, the tortures he shall feel, will break the back of man, the heart of monster. CLOWN. Think you so, sir? AUTOLYCUS. Not he alone shall suffer what wit can make heavy and vengeance bitter; but those that are germane to him, though removed fifty times, shall all come under the hangman: which, though it be great pity, yet it is necessary. An old sheep-whistling rogue, a ram-tender, to offer to have his daughter come into grace! Some say he shall be stoned; but that death is too soft for him, say I. Draw our throne into a sheep-cote!--all deaths are too few, the sharpest too easy. CLOWN. Has the old man e'er a son, sir, do you hear, an't like you, sir? AUTOLYCUS. He has a son,--who shall be flayed alive; then 'nointed over with honey, set on the head of a wasp's nest; then stand till he be three quarters and a dram dead; then recovered again with aqua-vitae or some other hot infusion; then, raw as he is, and in the hottest day prognostication proclaims, shall he be set against a brick wall, the sun looking with a southward eye upon him,--where he is to behold him with flies blown to death. But what talk we of these traitorly rascals, whose miseries are to be smiled at, their offences being so

Thesaurus curses: (n) abuse. melancholy: (adj, v) dreary; (adj, n) augury. germane: (adj) appropriate, applicable, gloom, melancholic; (adj) depressed, southward: (adv) southwards, dejected, dismal, gloomy, doleful; (n, southernly; (adj) southbound, apt, relevant, related, pertinent, v) low spirits; (n) gloominess, apropos, relative, proper, apposite; southern. (n) happy. ANTONYMS: (adj) depression. ANTONYMS: (n) stoned: (adj) intoxicated, drugged, unrelated, inappropriate, irrelevant. happiness, cheerfulness, hopefulness, tight, zonked, drunken, inebriate, hottest: (adj) most modern, most optimism; (adj) happy, bright, cheery, inebriated, ecstatic, rabid, high, recent, newest, latest. satisfied. unconscious. infusion: (n) extract, infuse, prognostication: (n) divination, traitorly: (adv) rebelly, insurgently, implantation, influx, dash, brew, prediction, prognosis, prevision, mutineerly. smack, transfusion, touch; (n, v) presage, omen, forecast, anticipation, injection; (v) inoculation. vaticination, prophecy; (adj, n)

118

The Winter's Tale

capital? Tell me,--for you seem to be honest plain men, what you have to the king: being something gently considered, I'll bring you where he is aboard, tender your persons to his presence, whisper him in your behalfs; and if it be in man besides the king to effect your suits, here is man shall do it.% CLOWN. He seems to be of great authority: close with him, give him gold; and though authority be a stubborn bear, yet he is oft led by the nose with gold: show the inside of your purse to the outside of his hand, and no more ado. Remember,-ston'd and flayed alive. SHEPHERD. An't please you, sir, to undertake the business for us, here is that gold I have: I'll make it as much more, and leave this young man in pawn till I bring it you. AUTOLYCUS. After I have done what I promised? SHEPHERD. Ay, sir. AUTOLYCUS. Well, give me the moiety. Are you a party in this business? CLOWN. In some sort, sir: but though my case be a pitiful one, I hope I shall not be flayed out of it. AUTOLYCUS. O, that's the case of the shepherd's son. Hang him, he'll be made an example. CLOWN. Comfort, good comfort! We must to the king and show our strange sights. He must know 'tis none of your daughter nor my sister; we are gone else. Sir, I will give you as much as this old man does, when the business is performed; and remain, as he says, your pawn till it be brought you.

Thesaurus aboard: (adv) afloat, afield, at home, there, everywhere, here, on base, onboard, where. besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too, furthermore, again, as well as, anyway, additionally; (prep) apart from, beside; (adj, adv) more. comfort: (n, v) ease, allay, support, aid, alleviate; (n) consolation, relief, amenity, assistance; (adj, n, v) assuage; (v) cheer. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, aggravation, agony; (v)

alarm, annoy, frighten, afflict, determined, persistent, refractory, aggravate, bother, burden, tenacious, obdurate, inveterate. ANTONYMS: (adj) compliant, disappoint. plain: (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, irresolute, flexible, amenable, docile, intelligible, apparent, manifest, easygoing, malleable, agreeable, obvious, clear, simple; (adj, n) flat, accommodating, cooperative, feeble. homely, humble. ANTONYMS: (adj) undertake: (v) attempt, take on, try, elaborate, unclear, multicolored, covenant, guarantee, accept, tackle, mottled, ornate, concealed, attractive, contract, take, begin, engage. ANTONYMS: (v) forego, abstain, confused, fussy, obscure, patterned. stubborn: (adj) contrary, hard, forget, relinquish. intractable, perverse, rigid,

William Shakespeare

119

AUTOLYCUS. I will trust you. Walk before toward the sea-side; go on the right-hand; I will but look upon the hedge, and follow you.% CLOWN. We are blessed in this man, as I may say, even blessed. SHEPHERD. Let's before, as he bids us: he was provided to do us good. [Exeunt SHEPHERD and CLOWN.] AUTOLYCUS. If I had a mind to be honest, I see Fortune would not suffer me: she drops booties in my mouth. I am courted now with a double occasion,--gold, and a means to do the prince my master good; which who knows how that may turn back to my advancement? I will bring these two moles, these blind ones, aboard him: if he think it fit to shore them again, and that the complaint they have to the king concerns him nothing, let him call me rogue for being so far officious; for I am proof against that title, and what shame else belongs to't. To him will I present them: there may be matter in it. [Exit.]

Thesaurus advancement: (n, v) advance; (n) promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth, development, cultivation, progression, improvement, progress, elevation. ANTONYMS: (n) reverse, downgrade, retreat, demotion. booties: (n) bootees, bootie. complaint: (n) charge, ailment, disease, affection, whine, disorder, wail, complain, plaint, protest, sickness. ANTONYMS: (n) compliment, commendation, health.

drops: (n) tear. pushing. ANTONYM: (adj) meek. hedge: (v) fudge, dodge, elude, evade, proof: (n) confirmation, probation, skirt, duck, avoid, circumvent, authentication, sign, substantiation, equivocate; (n) barrier, hedging. evidence, verification, validation, ANTONYM: (v) confront. argument, experiment, indication. moles: (n) suborder Lipotyphla, order ANTONYM: (n) contradiction. right-hand: (adj) righthand, right, Insectivora, Talpidae, hedgehogs, family Talpidae, Lipotyphla. dextral, essential. officious: (adj, v) meddlesome; (adj) shore: (n) coast, edge, beach, seashore, stay, seaside, brace, margin; (n, v) busy, interfering, meddling, prop, land, buttress. ANTONYM: (n) obtrusive, impertinent, pragmatical, busybodied, overbearing, nosy; (v) sea.

William Shakespeare

121

ACT V

SCENE I. SICILIA. A ROOM IN THE PALACE OF LEONTES.% [Enter LEONTES, CLEOMENES, DION, PAULINA, and others.] CLEOMENES. Sir, you have done enough, and have perform'd A saint-like sorrow: no fault could you make Which you have not redeem'd; indeed, paid down More penitence than done trespass: at the last, Do as the heavens have done,forget your evil; With them, forgive yourself. LEONTES. Whilst I remember Her and her virtues, I cannot forget My blemishes in them; and so still think of The wrong I did myself: which was so much That heirless it hath made my kingdom, and Destroy'd the sweet'st companion that e'er man Bred his hopes out of.

Thesaurus companion: (adj, n) associate; (n) forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, partner, fellow, comrade, assistant, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. brother. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, stranger, adversary. castigate. fault: (adj, n, v) deficiency; (n) error, kingdom: (n) domain, realm, state, happiness, peace, hopefulness, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, empire, dominion, territory, nation, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, blunder; (adj, n) failing, blemish; (n, crown, monarchy, department, land. content; (v) rejoice. v) blame, crime. ANTONYMS: (n) penitence: (n) penance, compunction, virtues: (n) brawn, sinew, qualities, strength, virtue, capability, regret, contrition, remorse, rue, nerve, manner, habit, disposition, innocence, perfection, credit, ease; (v) sorrow, atonement, grief, expiation, custom. praise, absolve. contriteness.

122

The Winter's Tale

PAULINA. True, too true, my lord; If, one by one, you wedded all the world, Or from the all that are took something good, To make a perfect woman, she you kill'd Would be unparallel'd.% LEONTES. I think so.--Kill'd! She I kill'd! I did so: but thou strik'st me Sorely, to say I did: it is as bitter Upon thy tongue as in my thought: now, good now, Say so but seldom. CLEOMENES. Not at all, good lady; You might have spoken a thousand things that would Have done the time more benefit, and grac'd Your kindness better. PAULINA. You are one of those Would have him wed again. DION. If you would not so, You pity not the state, nor the remembrance Of his most sovereign name; consider little What dangers, by his highness' fail of issue, May drop upon his kingdom, and devour Incertain lookers-on. What were more holy Than to rejoice the former queen is well? What holier than,--for royalty's repair, For present comfort, and for future good,--

Thesaurus kindness: (n) generosity, clemency, compassion, grace, good will, graciousness, humanity, goodness, affection; (adj, n) courtesy, gentleness. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, spite, nastiness, callousness, cruelty, unfriendliness, maliciousness, thoughtlessness, sourness, severity, disservice. pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v)

sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy. rejoice: (v) cheer, gladden, triumph, revel, jubilate, gratify, gloat, please; (n, v) delight, glory, joy. ANTONYMS: (v) lament, mourn, complain. seldom: (adj) scarce, rare, few, infrequent; (adv) occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly, hardly, scarcely, not often, once in a blue

moon. ANTONYMS: (adv) often, seldom. sovereign: (n) ruler, king, lord, emperor; (adj) independent, autonomous, imperial, royal, free, regal; (adj, n) prince. ANTONYMS: (adj) dependent, ineffective, useless. took: (adj) taken; (v) receive. wedded: (adj, v) marital, connubial, matrimonial, conjugal, wed; (adj) nuptial, bridal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached.

William Shakespeare

123

To bless the bed of majesty again With a sweet fellow to't? PAULINA. There is none worthy, Respecting her that's gone. Besides, the gods Will have fulfill'd their secret purposes; For has not the divine Apollo said, Is't not the tenour of his oracle, That king Leontes shall not have an heir Till his lost child be found? which that it shall, Is all as monstrous to our human reason As my Antigonus to break his grave And come again to me; who, on my life, Did perish with the infant. 'Tis your counsel My lord should to the heavens be contrary, Oppose against their wills.--[To LEONTES.] Care not for issue; The crown will find an heir: great Alexander Left his to the worthiest; so his successor Was like to be the best.% LEONTES. Good Paulina,-Who hast the memory of Hermione, I know, in honour,--O that ever I Had squar'd me to thy counsel!--then, even now, I might have look'd upon my queen's full eyes, Have taken treasure from her lips,-PAULINA. And left them More rich for what they yielded. LEONTES. Thou speak'st truth.

Thesaurus fellow: (adj, n) comrade, associate; (n) memory: (n) memento, reminiscence, (adj, n) privacy, secrecy. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) known, public; boy, equal, brother, peer, chap, remembrance, recollection, recall, colleague, compeer, buddy; (adj, n, v) commemoration, anamnesis, storage, (adj) open, overt, apparent, concomitant. ANTONYMS: (n) retrospect; (adj, n) posthumous fame; unrestricted, external, visible, (v) mind. female, woman, girl, foe, enemy, outermost, transparent, blatant. perish: (v) expire, pass away, decease, treasure: (n) gem, fortune, riches, antagonist, competitor. majesty: (adj, n) grandeur, splendor, funds; (n, v) hoard, prize, store; (v) go, fade, decay, depart, fall, pass, nobility; (n) dignity, loftiness, ruin, annihilate. ANTONYMS: (v) cherish, appreciate; (adj, n) jewel, precious stone. ANTONYMS: (v) magnificence, stateliness, greatness, survive, live, appear. secret: (adj, v) mysterious, hidden, dislike, disparage, scorn, neglect; (n) king, royalty, highness. ANTONYMS: (n) austerity, covert, secluded, confidential; (adj) dud, poverty. yielded: (v) yold, yolden. simplicity. concealed, furtive, occult, obscure;

124

The Winter's Tale

No more such wives; therefore, no wife: one worse, And better us'd, would make her sainted spirit Again possess her corpse; and on this stage,-Where we offend her now,--appear soul-vexed, And begin 'Why to me?' PAULINA. Had she such power, She had just cause.% LEONTES. She had; and would incense me To murder her I married. PAULINA. I should so. Were I the ghost that walk'd, I'd bid you mark Her eye, and tell me for what dull part in't You chose her: then I'd shriek, that even your ears Should rift to hear me; and the words that follow'd Should be 'Remember mine!' LEONTES. Stars, stars, And all eyes else dead coals!--fear thou no wife; I'll have no wife, Paulina. PAULINA. Will you swear Never to marry but by my free leave? LEONTES. Never, Paulina; so be bless'd my spirit! PAULINA. Then, good my lords, bear witness to his oath.

Thesaurus chose: (v) choose, opt, decide; (n) thing. corpse: (n) carcass, body, carcase, dead person, stiff, dead body, remains, corse, clay, dry bones; (adj) lich. ghost: (n, v) apparition, specter; (n) shade, spirit, demon, soul, spook, spectre, goblin, appearance, monster. incense: (v) enrage, anger, provoke, irritate, infuriate, aggravate, rile, cense, inflame; (n) fragrance, aroma. ANTONYMS: (v) please, pacify.

murder: (n, v) massacre, carnage, ANTONYMS: (v) lack, remove. slaughter, homicide, butcher; (v) kill, rift: (n, v) breach, fissure, split; (n) gap, slay, destroy, execute, dispatch, break, chasm, crack, crevice, cleft, assassinate. misunderstanding, rupture. offend: (v) irritate, affront, insult, ANTONYM: (n) unity. contravene, injure, disgust, infringe, sainted: (adj) saintlike, holy, beatific, displease, abuse, wound, anger. angelical, angelic, sacred, cherubic, ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, good. shriek: (n, v) screech, cry, shout, call, praise, attract. possess: (adj, v) own; (v) hold, wield, howl, yell, yowl, screak; (v) bellow, caterwaul, shrill. ANTONYM: (v) occupy, bear, keep, enjoy, contain, retain, to have, maintain. sigh.

William Shakespeare

125

CLEOMENES. You tempt him over-much.% PAULINA. Unless another, As like Hermione as is her picture, Affront his eye. CLEOMENES. Good madam,-PAULINA. I have done. Yet, if my lord will marry,--if you will, sir, No remedy but you will,--give me the office To choose you a queen: she shall not be so young As was your former; but she shall be such As, walk'd your first queen's ghost, it should take joy To see her in your arms. LEONTES. My true Paulina, We shall not marry till thou bidd'st us. PAULINA. That Shall be when your first queen's again in breath; Never till then. [Enter a GENTLEMAN.] GENTLEMAN. One that gives out himself Prince Florizel, Son of Polixenes, with his princess,--she The fairest I have yet beheld,--desires access To your high presence.

Thesaurus arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed. former: (adj) previous, antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, prior, foregoing, original, deceased, past; (adv) formerly. ANTONYMS: (adj) future, last, next, current, following, present, subsequent, later; (n) latter. gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord.

lord: (n) chief, king, noble, sir, duke, ANTONYM: (n) poison. till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, master, God, seignior, nobility, Mister, potentate. ANTONYM: (n) hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to. lady. presence: (n) front, manner, mien, true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj) bearing, carriage, figure, air, right, faithful, even, correct, accurate, honest, straight, truthful; (adj, v) comportment, demeanor, company; (n, v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaccurate, absence, nonattendance. untrue, bogus, untrustworthy, remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, unrealistic, mythical, fraudulent, medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend, faithless, disloyal; (adv) wrongly, relieve, correct; (n) drug. dishonestly.

126

The Winter's Tale

LEONTES. What with him? he comes not Like to his father's greatness: his approach, So out of circumstance and sudden, tells us 'Tis not a visitation fram'd, but forc'd By need and accident. What train? GENTLEMAN. But few, And those but mean.% LEONTES. His princess, say you, with him? GENTLEMAN. Ay; the most peerless piece of earth, I think, That e'er the sun shone bright on. PAULINA. O Hermione, As every present time doth boast itself Above a better gone, so must thy grave Give way to what's seen now! Sir, you yourself Have said and writ so,--but your writing now Is colder than that theme,--'She had not been, Nor was not to be equall'd'; thus your verse Flow'd with her beauty once; 'tis shrewdly ebb'd, To say you have seen a better. GENTLEMAN. Pardon, madam: The one I have almost forgot,--your pardon;-The other, when she has obtain'd your eye, Will have your tongue too. This is a creature, Would she begin a sect, might quench the zeal

Thesaurus boast: (v) bluster, brag, blow, crow, gasconade, show off, rodomontade, exult; (n, v) vaunt, pride; (n) arrogance. ANTONYMS: (n) deprecation; (v) downplay, lack. greatness: (n) excellence, dimension, dignity, bulk, size, enormousness, bigness, enormity, grandness, magnitude, fame. ANTONYMS: (n) obscurity, austerity, commonness, mildness, moderation, simplicity. peerless: (adj) matchless, nonpareil,

unique, unmatched, unrivaled, one and only, inimitable, supreme, superlative, unequaled, unmatchable. ANTONYM: (adj) vulnerable. sect: (n) denomination, clan, religion, party, order, cult, category, clique, class, group, Unit sect. shrewdly: (adv) sagaciously, smartly, brightly, sharply, craftily, cunningly, perceptively, cleverly, artfully, cannily, wisely. ANTONYMS: (adv) foolishly, innocently, ineptly, naively.

when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) then, because, than, since, after; (conj) although, while, if; (prep) during. writ: (n) edict, assize, certiorari, judicial writ, injunction, order, act, prescription, scripture, writing, ukase. zeal: (adj, n) eagerness; (n) fervor, enthusiasm, devotion, passion, vehemence, fire, fervency, heat, fervour, ardour. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, lethargy, patience.

William Shakespeare

127

Of all professors else; make proselytes Of who she but bid follow.% PAULINA. How! not women? GENTLEMAN. Women will love her that she is a woman More worth than any man; men, that she is The rarest of all women. LEONTES. Go, Cleomenes; Yourself, assisted with your honour'd friends, Bring them to our embracement.-[Exeunt CLEOMENES, LORDS, and GENTLEMAN.] Still, 'tis strange He thus should steal upon us. PAULINA. Had our prince,-Jewel of children,--seen this hour, he had pair'd Well with this lord: there was not full a month Between their births. LEONTES. Pr'ythee no more; cease; Thou know'st He dies to me again when talk'd of: sure, When I shall see this gentleman, thy speeches Will bring me to consider that which may Unfurnish me of reason.--They are come.-[Re-enter CLEOMENES, with FLORIZEL, PERDITA, and Attendants.] Your mother was most true to wedlock, prince; For she did print your royal father off, Conceiving you: were I but twenty-one, Your father's image is so hit in you,

Thesaurus assisted: (adj) aided. wedlock: (n, v) marriage, matrimony; forget, discard, doubt, reject, births: (n) birthing, birth rate, nevermind, dismiss, abandon, leave, (n) union, wedding, polygyny, birthrate. decide, overlook. bigamy, intermarriage, exogamy, cease: (n, v) end, finish, stop; (v) quit, gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male, endogamy, polyandry, misalliance. worth: (adj, n) value, dignity; (n) cost, terminate, break, break off, close, patrician, sir, adult male, esquire, sahib, gentlemen; (adj) gentilhomme, virtue, price, importance, excellence, conclude, discontinue, abstain. ANTONYMS: (v) begin, start, gentlemanly. quality, import, goodness, benefit. image: (n, v) picture, fancy, design; (n) ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, commence, persist, stay. consider: (v) think, regard, view, impression, conception, effigy, idea, disadvantage, hopelessness, form, resemblance, epitome; (v) cogitate, deliberate, calculate, detriment, disgrace, inferiority, conceive, reckon, reflect, assume; (n, depict. ANTONYM: (n) reality. triviality, uselessness, inefficiency. v) study. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, professors: (n) faculty.

128

The Winter's Tale

His very air, that I should call you brother, As I did him, and speak of something wildly By us perform'd before. Most dearly welcome! And your fair princess,--goddess! O, alas! I lost a couple that 'twixt heaven and earth Might thus have stood, begetting wonder, as You, gracious couple, do! And then I lost,-All mine own folly,--the society, Amity too, of your brave father, whom, Though bearing misery, I desire my life Once more to look on him.% FLORIZEL. By his command Have I here touch'd Sicilia, and from him Give you all greetings that a king, at friend, Can send his brother: and, but infirmity,-Which waits upon worn times,--hath something seiz'd His wish'd ability, he had himself The lands and waters 'twixt your throne and his Measur'd, to look upon you; whom he loves, He bade me say so,--more than all the sceptres And those that bear them, living. LEONTES. O my brother,-Good gentleman!--the wrongs I have done thee stir Afresh within me; and these thy offices, So rarely kind, are as interpreters Of my behind-hand slackness!--Welcome hither, As is the spring to the earth. And hath he too Expos'd this paragon to the fearful usage,-At least ungentle,--of the dreadful Neptune,

Thesaurus bade: (v) bid, command, bad. dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, darlingly, sweetly, petly, expensively, belovedly, intimately, highly, heartfeltly, lovely. dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming, atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair.

fearful: (adj, n) afraid; (adj, v) dreadful, cowardly; (adj) terrible, apprehensive, awful, timid, anxious, craven, frightful, eerie. ANTONYMS: (adj) rational, calm, confident, bold, unimpressed, charming, fearless, courageous, reassuring, unafraid, wonderful. greetings: (n) greeting, respects, compliments, consolation, regards, commend, good wishes, commendation, induction, draft.

lands: (n) park, estate, kingdom. paragon: (n) exemplar, ideal, model, perfection, paradigm, pattern, jimdandy, idol; (adj, n) beau ideal; (adj) phenix, pink. spring: (n, v) leap, bound, hop, fountain, skip, caper, bounce, dive, dance; (n) source; (v) originate. throne: (v) enthrone; (n) can, stool, place, fecal matter, potty, chair, cathedra, lavatory, crapper, pot. wrongs: (n) mala.

William Shakespeare

129

To greet a man not worth her pains, much less The adventure of her person? FLORIZEL. Good, my lord, She came from

Libya.%

LEONTES. Where the warlike Smalus, That noble honour'd lord, is fear'd and lov'd? FLORIZEL. Most royal sir, from thence; from him whose daughter His tears proclaim'd his, parting with her: thence,-A prosperous south-wind friendly, we have cross'd, To execute the charge my father gave me, For visiting your highness: my best train I have from your Sicilian shores dismiss'd; Who for Bohemia bend, to signify Not only my success in Libya, sir, But my arrival and my wife's in safety Here, where we are. LEONTES. The blessed gods Purge all infection from our air whilst you Do climate here! You have a holy father, A graceful gentleman; against whose person, So sacred as it is, I have done sin: For which the heavens, taking angry note, Have left me issueless; and your father's bless'd,-As he from heaven merits it,--with you, Worthy his goodness. What might I have been, Might I a son and daughter now have look'd on, Such goodly things as you!

Thesaurus execute: (v) do, achieve, complete, perform, accomplish, act, effect, carry out, enforce, make, fulfill. ANTONYMS: (v) abandon, ignore, disregard, Miss, forget, shirk, revive. graceful: (adj) beautiful, delicate, amiable, easy, fine, charming, fair, airy, becoming, lovely, lithe. ANTONYMS: (adj) inelegant, stocky, awkward, vigorous, jerky, ugly, stilted, heavy, coarse, strenuous. issueless: (adj) fruitless, teemless.

merits: (n) qualities. opulent, easy, comfortable, affluent, pains: (n) nisus, labor, trouble, effort, advantageous, successful. exertion, labour, pain, care, struggle, ANTONYMS: (adj) depressed, attempt, strain. unsuccessful, failing, parting: (n) adieu, division, leave, underprivileged, impoverished. warlike: (adj) military, belligerent, departure, disunion, goodbye, leaving, segregation, dying, rupture; bellicose, pugnacious, combative, (adj) valedictory. ANTONYMS: (n) aggressive, armigerous, hostile, joining, meeting, connection, unfriendly, unpacific, militant. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonizing, Reunion. prosperous: (adj, n) lucky, auspicious, friendly. fortunate; (adj) flourishing, favorable,

130

The Winter's Tale

[Enter a LORD.] LORD. Most noble sir, That which I shall report will bear no credit, Were not the proof so nigh. Please you, great sir, Bohemia greets you from himself by me; Desires you to attach his son, who has,-His dignity and duty both cast off,-Fled from his father, from his hopes, and with A shepherd's daughter.% LEONTES. Where's Bohemia? speak. LORD. Here in your city; I now came from him: I speak amazedly; and it becomes My marvel and my message. To your court Whiles he was hast'ning,--in the chase, it seems, Of this fair couple,--meets he on the way The father of this seeming lady and Her brother, having both their country quitted With this young prince. FLORIZEL. Camillo has betray'd me; Whose honour and whose honesty, till now, Endur'd all weathers. LORD. Lay't so to his charge; He's with the king your father. LEONTES. Who? Camillo?

Thesaurus amazedly: (adv) astonishedly, surprisedly, staggeredly, speechlessly, bewilderedly, dazedly. attach: (v) append, adhere, add, affix, bind, link, associate, assign, nail, apply, annex. ANTONYMS: (v) undo, separate, unfasten, disconnect, free, deflect, dissociate, loosen, quit, take, unscrew. cast: (n, v) throw, stamp, form, fling, shape, figure; (v) shed, pitch, chuck; (n) casting, appearance.

ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, receive, cheerfulness, austerity. having: (n) estate, possession, subtract, reject, take, gather, catch, retain, keep. acceptance, enjoyment. chase: (v) pursue, trail, follow, track, marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, stalk, expel, banish, go after; (n, v) curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, hunt, search; (n) game. ANTONYMS: miracle, portent, marl, surprise, (v) escape, lead, find, precede. admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: dignity: (n) degree, prestige, glory, (v) disregard; (n) nightmare. nigh: (adj, adv, prep) near; (adj, adv) decorum, face, distinction, honor, majesty, eminence, solemnity; (adj, n) close, nearly, almost, nearby, most, decency. ANTONYMS: (n) lowliness, all but, about, adjacent; (prep) by; (adj) indecency, impropriety, simplicity, approximate.

William Shakespeare

131

LORD. Camillo, sir; I spake with him; who now Has these poor men in question. Never saw I Wretches so quake: they kneel, they kiss the earth; Forswear themselves as often as they speak: Bohemia stops his ears, and threatens them With divers deaths in death.% PERDITA. O my poor father!-The heaven sets spies upon us, will not have Our contract celebrated. LEONTES. You are married? FLORIZEL. We are not, sir, nor are we like to be; The stars, I see, will kiss the valleys first:-The odds for high and low's alike. LEONTES. My lord, Is this the daughter of a king? FLORIZEL. She is, When once she is my wife. LEONTES. That once, I see by your good father's speed, Will come on very slowly. I am sorry, Most sorry, you have broken from his liking, Where you were tied in duty; and as sorry Your choice is not so rich in worth as beauty, That you might well enjoy her.

Thesaurus celebrated: (adj) renowned, famous, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, quake: (n) earthquake; (n, v) tremor, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) tremble, shudder, shake; (adj, n, v) distinguished, notable, noted, shiver; (v) quail, flutter, flicker, splendid, well-known, known, queen. famed, eminent; (adj, n) glorious. kneel: (v) genuflect, cringe, stoop, bob, vibrate, fluctuate. ANTONYMS: (adj) minor, unexalted, cry for quarter, dip, duck, humble stops: (n) Chicago, Michigan, oneself; (n) kneeling, knee, ordinary, obscure, undistinguished, Newmarket, boodle, halts, stop, inglorious, insignificant. movement. stoppages, stopped, stopping, card divers: (adj, v) sundry, various, odds: (n) likelihood, probability, game, moolah. separate; (adj) several, many, diverse, possibility, chance, advantage, tied: (adj) bound, connected, laced, miscellaneous, not a few, varied; (v) likeliness, chances, disparity, united, fixed, even, liable, tight, diversified; (n) diver. prospect; (v) dissension; (adj) odd. spiked, responsible, attached. king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, ANTONYM: (n) unlikelihood. ANTONYMS: (adj) untied, unlaced.

132

The Winter's Tale

FLORIZEL. Dear, look up: Though Fortune, visible an enemy, Should chase us with my father, power no jot Hath she to change our loves.--Beseech you, sir, Remember since you ow'd no more to time Than I do now: with thought of such affections, Step forth mine advocate; at your request My father will grant precious things as trifles.% LEONTES. Would he do so, I'd beg your precious mistress, Which he counts but a trifle. PAULINA. Sir, my liege, Your eye hath too much youth in't: not a month 'Fore your queen died, she was more worth such gazes Than what you look on now. LEONTES. I thought of her Even in these looks I made.-[To FLORIZEL.] But your petition Is yet unanswer'd. I will to your father. Your honour not o'erthrown by your desires, I am friend to them and you: upon which errand I now go toward him; therefore, follow me, And mark what way I make. Come, good my lord. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus counts: (adj) details, particulars, items. reject, refuse, maintain, prohibit, apparent, open, evident, clear, plain, follow: (v) chase, adopt, adhere, manifest, discernible; (adj, adv) disagree, retrieve, take, withhold, succeed, accompany, abide by, withdraw. noticeable, observable. ANTONYMS: comprehend, ensue, track; (adj, v) therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence, (adj) invisible, imperceptible, unclear, catch, grasp. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, accordingly, as a result, thus, for that obscured, concealed, hidden, reason; (conj) since, because, then, lead, head, disobey, deny, ignore, obscure, undetectable, inconspicuous; (adv) absent. misunderstand, predate, exceed, ergo. trifle: (n, v) play; (adj, n, v) trinket; (v) youth: (n) youngster, young person, defy, break. grant: (adj, v) bestow, allow, confer; (n, dally, fiddle, flirt, fool, frivol; (n) lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, v) award, gift, boon; (v) concede, nothing, triviality, detail; (adj, n) younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) afford, admit, acknowledge; (adj, n, v) bagatelle. young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, present. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, visible: (adj) obvious, conspicuous, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged.

William Shakespeare

133

SCENE II. THE SAME. BEFORE THE PALACE.% [Enter AUTOLYCUS and a GENTLEMAN.] AUTOLYCUS. Beseech you, sir, were you present at this relation? FIRST GENTLEMAN. I was by at the opening of the fardel, heard the old shepherd deliver the manner how he found it: whereupon, after a little amazedness, we were all commanded out of the chamber; only this, methought I heard the shepherd say he found the child. AUTOLYCUS. I would most gladly know the issue of it. FIRST GENTLEMAN. I make a broken delivery of the business; but the changes I perceived in the king and Camillo were very notes of admiration: They seem'd almost, with staring on one another, to tear the cases of their eyes; there was speech in their dumbness, language in their very gesture; they looked as they had heard of a world ransomed, or one destroyed: a notable passion of wonder appeared in them; but the wisest beholder, that knew no more but seeing could not say if the importance were joy or sorrow;--but in the extremity of the one, it must needs be. Here comes a gentleman that happily knows more. [Enter a GENTLEMAN.] The news, Rogero? SECOND GENTLEMAN. Nothing but bonfires: the oracle is fulfilled: the king's daughter is found: such a deal of wonder is broken out within this hour that ballad-makers cannot be able to express it. Here comes the Lady Paulina's steward: he can deliver you more. [Enter a third GENTLEMAN.]

Thesaurus beholder: (n) witness, looker, observer, onlooker, viewer, eyewitness, bystander, auditor, audile, passer by, watcher. commanded: (adj) lawful. dumbness: (n) denseness, mutism, density, stupidity, speechlessness, muteness, ignorance, compactness, concentration. extremity: (n) end, member, boundary, bound, close, appendage, limit, limb, ending, fringe,

conclusion. ANTONYMS: (n) trunk, average, minimum, head, leniency. fulfilled: (adj) complete, finished, done, satisfied, accomplished, completed, whole, delighted, concluded, happy, full of pride. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, unfulfilled, frustrated, ashamed, dissatisfied. gladly: (adv, v) happily; (adv) gleefully, contentedly, cheerfully, fain, joyfully, jovially, cheerily, delightedly,

gladsomely, readily. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, unwillingly, sadly, resentfully, miserably. steward: (n) flight attendant, waiter, keeper, warden, attendant, curator, caretaker, administrator, janitor, chamberlain, stewardess. tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; (adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle.

134

The Winter's Tale

How goes it now, sir? This news, which is called true, is so like an old tale that the verity of it is in strong suspicion. Has the king found his heir? THIRD GENTLEMAN. Most true, if ever truth were pregnant by circumstance. That which you hear you'll swear you see, there is such unity in the proofs. The mantle of Queen Hermione; her jewel about the neck of it; the letters of Antigonus, found with it, which they know to be his character; the majesty of the creature in resemblance of the mother; the affection of nobleness, which nature shows above her breeding; and many other evidences,--proclaim her with all certainty to be the king's daughter. Did you see the meeting of the two kings? SECOND GENTLEMAN. No.% THIRD GENTLEMAN. Then you have lost a sight which was to be seen, cannot be spoken of. There might you have beheld one joy crown another, so and in such manner that it seemed sorrow wept to take leave of them; for their joy waded in tears. There was casting up of eyes, holding up of hands, with countenance of such distraction that they were to be known by garment, not by favour. Our king, being ready to leap out of himself for joy of his found daughter, as if that joy were now become a loss, cries 'O, thy mother, thy mother!' then asks Bohemia forgiveness; then embraces his son-in-law; then again worries he his daughter with clipping her; now he thanks the old shepherd, which stands by like a weather-bitten conduit of many kings' reigns. I never heard of such another encounter, which lames report to follow it, and undoes description to do it. SECOND GENTLEMAN. What, pray you, became of Antigonus, that carried hence the child? THIRD GENTLEMAN. Like an old tale still, which will have matter to rehearse, though credit be asleep and not an ear open. He was torn to pieces with a bear: this avouches

Thesaurus beheld: (adj) visual. fascination, attentiveness, attention, clipping: (n) trimming, snip, pruning, noninterference, calmness, cutting, trim, cutting off, selection, concentration. shaving, paring, shearing; (adj) hair. forgiveness: (n) mercy, condonation, conduit: (n) canal, channel, aqueduct, clemency, kindness, pity, remission, tube, duct, watercourse, drain, vas, leniency, absolution, grace, compassion; (n, v) pardon. culvert, dike, ditch. distraction: (adj, n) desperation, ANTONYMS: (n) condemnation, raving; (n) beguilement, pastime, cruelty, harshness. diversion, confusion, entertainment, jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, disturbance, daze, recreation; (adj) diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, madness. ANTONYMS: (n) ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou,

precious stone; (adj) brilliant. mantle: (n) cloak, cape, pall, blanket, curtain, blind, coat; (n, v) cover, veil; (adj, n, v) blush, flush. rehearse: (v) recount, recite, repeat, exercise, practice, relate, drill, enumerate, tell, say, practise. ANTONYM: (v) perform. verity: (n) reality, veracity, actuality, fact, accuracy, troth, fidelity, faithfulness, belief, true statement, betrothal. ANTONYM: (n) falsity.

William Shakespeare

135

the shepherd's son, who has not only his innocence,--which seems much,--to justify him, but a handkerchief and rings of his, that Paulina knows. FIRST GENTLEMAN. What became of his bark and his followers? THIRD GENTLEMAN. Wrecked the same instant of their master's death, and in the view of the shepherd: so that all the instruments which aided to expose the child were even then lost when it was found. But, O, the noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was fought in Paulina! She had one eye declined for the loss of her husband, another elevated that the oracle was fulfilled: she lifted the princess from the earth, and so locks her in embracing, as if she would pin her to her heart, that she might no more be in danger of losing.% FIRST GENTLEMAN. The dignity of this act was worth the audience of kings and princes; for by such was it acted. THIRD GENTLEMAN. One of the prettiest touches of all, and that which angled for mine eyes,-caught the water, though not the fish,--was, when at the relation of the queen's death, with the manner how she came to it,--bravely confessed and lamented by the king,--how attentivenes wounded his daughter; till, from one sign of dolour to another, she did with an 'Alas!'--I would fain say, bleed tears; for I am sure my heart wept blood. Who was most marble there changed colour; some swooned, all sorrowed: if all the world could have seen it, the woe had been universal. FIRST GENTLEMAN. Are they returned to the court? THIRD GENTLEMAN. No: the princess hearing of her mother's statue, which is in the keeping of Paulina,--a piece many years in doing and now newly performed by that rare Italian master, Julio Romano, who, had he himself eternity, and could put

Thesaurus aided: (adj) power, favored. angled: (adj) bent, forked, oblique, angulated, angulate. ANTONYM: (adj) level. bleed: (v) run, ooze, phlebotomize, leak, percolate, shed blood, trickle, hemorrhage, fleece; (n) ache, smart. dolour: (n) heartbreak, woe, grief, brokenheartedness, anguish, ache. elevated: (adj) exalted, towering, noble, lofty, grand, great, majestic, tall, elated, magnanimous; (adj, v)

steep. ANTONYMS: (adj) base, lowly, decreased, humble, inferior, lessened, low, sunken, undignified, lowered. embracing: (n) embrace, hugging, kissing, taking on, implementation, espousal, clutches; (adj) twining, osculant, grasping, close. eternity: (n) aeon, afterlife, forever, perpetuity, timelessness, endlessness, everlasting, endless time, everlastingness, everness, existence. ANTONYMS: (n) finiteness,

impermanence. expose: (v) endanger, exhibit, betray, detect, display, air, uncover, debunk, denude, unfold, divulge. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, cover, enclose, suppress, shield, shelter, insulate, hide, guard, drape. fain: (adj) willing, prepared, ready, favorable, heart and soul, prone; (adv) gladly, lief, readily, willingly; (v) optative. master's: (n) postgraduate degree.

136

The Winter's Tale

breath into his work, would beguile nature of her custom, so perfectly he is her ape: he so near to Hermione hath done Hermione that they say one would speak to her and stand in hope of answer:--thither with all greediness of affection are they gone; and there they intend to sup.% SECOND GENTLEMAN. I thought she had some great matter there in hand; for she hath privately twice or thrice a day, ever since the death of Hermione, visited that removed house. Shall we thither, and with our company piece the rejoicing? FIRST GENTLEMAN. Who would be thence that has the benefit of access? every wink of an eye some new grace will be born: our absence makes us unthrifty to our knowledge. Let's along. [Exeunt GENTLEMEN.] AUTOLYCUS. Now, had I not the dash of my former life in me, would preferment drop on my head. I brought the old man and his son aboard the prince; told him I heard them talk of a fardel and I know not what; but he at that time overfond of the shepherd's daughter,--so he then took her to be,--who began to be much sea-sick, and himself little better, extremity of weather continuing, this mystery remained undiscover'd. But 'tis all one to me; for had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have relish'd among my other discredits. Here come those I have done good to against my will, and already appearing in the blossoms of their fortune. [Enter SHEPHERD and CLOWN.] SHEPHERD. Come, boy; I am past more children, but thy sons and daughters will be all gentlemen born. CLOWN. You are well met, sir: you denied to fight with me this other day, because I was no gentleman born. See you these clothes? say you see them not and

Thesaurus began: (v) Gan. elevation, priority, preference, happiness, joy, mirth, pleasure, beguile: (v) attract, charm, enchant, elation; (adj) jubilant, exultant; (v) consecration, induction, institution, rejoice; (adv) rejoicingly. ANTONYM: allure, captivate, bluff, entrap, ordination, holy orders, translation; enthrall, lure, fascinate; (n, v) cheat. (n, v) promotion. ANTONYM: (n) (n) sadness. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, irritate, irk, demotion. unthrifty: (adj, v) improvident; (adj) privately: (adv) covertly, privily, bore, advise, guard, annoy, repel. prodigal, thriftless, profuse, greediness: (n) avarice, cupidity, confidentially, personally, closely, unguarded, unthrift, wasteful, covetousness, eagerness, gluttony, stealthily, secludedly, domestically, dismantled, dissipated, extravagant; informally, retiredly; (adj, adv) (v) shiftless. selfishness, avidity, miserliness, quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) publicly, wink: (n, v) twinkle, blink, flash; (n) hunger, stinginess, voracity. ANTONYM: (n) moderation. instant, twinkling, trice; (v) sparkle, officially. preferment: (n) advancement, rejoicing: (n) exultation, jubilation, nictitate, flicker, nictate, leer.

William Shakespeare

137

think me still no gentleman born: you were best say these robes are not gentlemen born. Give me the lie, do; and try whether I am not now a gentleman born.% AUTOLYCUS. I know you are now, sir, a gentleman born. CLOWN. Ay, and have been so any time these four hours. SHEPHERD. And so have I, boy! CLOWN. So you have:--but I was a gentleman born before my father; for the king's son took me by the hand and called me brother; and then the two kings called my father brother; and then the prince, my brother, and the princess, my sister, called my father father; and so we wept; and there was the first gentlemanlike tears that ever we shed. SHEPHERD. We may live, son, to shed many more. CLOWN. Ay; or else 'twere hard luck, being in so preposterous estate as we are. AUTOLYCUS. I humbly beseech you, sir, to pardon me all the faults I have committed to your worship, and to give me your good report to the prince my master. SHEPHERD. Pr'ythee, son, do; for we must be gentle, now we are gentlemen. CLOWN. Thou wilt amend thy life? AUTOLYCUS. Ay, an it like your good worship.

Thesaurus amend: (adj, v) improve; (v) exuviate, molt, cast off, dismiss; (n) ostentatiously, unrepentantly, shack, hut, cabin. ANTONYMS: (v) ameliorate, rectify, better, fix, reform, affluently, brashly, pretentiously. keep, cover; (adj) persistent. alter, correct, emend, revise, redress. preposterous: (adj) absurd, irrational, ANTONYMS: (v) corrupt, damage, whether: (pron) where. ludicrous, nonsensical, foolish, worship: (n) adoration, veneration, debase, impair, reduce, mar, blemish, ridiculous, laughable, derisory, monstrous, inconsistent; (adj, v) adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) maintain, leave. humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly, extravagant. ANTONYMS: (adj) reverence, respect, honor, revere, adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) modestly, submissively, low, shyly, sensible, reasonable, impressive, lowlily, naturally, regretfully, plausible. disrespect, dishonor, despise, robes: (n) garb, fine clothes, costume, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, remorsefully, repentantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly, best clothes. disparagement, contempt, shed: (v) discard, drop, moult, scatter, detestation. haughtily, pompously,

138

The Winter's Tale

CLOWN. Give me thy hand: I will swear to the prince thou art as honest a true fellow as any is in Bohemia.% SHEPHERD. You may say it, but not swear it. CLOWN. Not swear it, now I am a gentleman? Let boors and franklins say it, I'll swear it. SHEPHERD. How if it be false, son? CLOWN. If it be ne'er so false, a true gentleman may swear it in the behalf of his friend.--And I'll swear to the prince thou art a tall fellow of thy hands and that thou wilt not be drunk; but I know thou art no tall fellow of thy hands and that thou wilt be drunk: but I'll swear it; and I would thou wouldst be a tall fellow of thy hands. AUTOLYCUS. I will prove so, sir, to my power. CLOWN. Ay, by any means, prove a tall fellow: if I do not wonder how thou darest venture to be drunk, not being a tall fellow, trust me not.--Hark! the kings and the princes, our kindred, are going to see the queen's picture. Come, follow us: we'll be thy good masters. [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. A ROOM IN PAULINA'S HOUSE.

Thesaurus behalf: (n) sake, part, interest, behoof, good, equitable, artless, heartfelt, duke, king, chief, maharaja, defense, lieu, good, stead, score, guileless, frank, forthright, faithful. maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke. ANTONYMS: (adj) lying, misleading, tall: (adj) elevated, high, exalted, big, service, side. false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) guarded, corrupt, disloyal, lanky, towering, eminent, counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, unwholesome, discourteous, unbelievable, strapping, long, gangling. ANTONYMS: (adj) low, dishonest, erroneous, sham, disreputable, fictional, crafty, assumed, artificial, fictitious, crooked. small, sensible, reasonable, little, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, kindred: (adj) cognate, akin, similar, believable, easy, stocky. allied, related; (n) kin, consanguinity, venture: (n, v) hazard, chance, stake, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, relation, folk, folks, kin group. peril, attempt, gamble, adventure; masters: (n) Edgar lee Masters. (adj, n, v) dare; (n) speculation, loyal. honest: (adj) fair, genuine, sincere, prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, danger; (v) endanger.

William Shakespeare

[Enter LEONTES, POLIXENES, FLORIZEL, PAULINA, LORDS and ATTENDANTS.]

139

PERDITA,

CAMILLO,

LEONTES. O grave and good Paulina, the great comfort That I have had of thee! PAULINA. What, sovereign sir, I did not well, I meant well. All my services You have paid home: but that you have vouchsaf'd, With your crown'd brother and these your contracted Heirs of your kingdoms, my poor house to visit, It is a surplus of your grace which never My life may last to answer.% LEONTES. O Paulina, We honour you with trouble:--but we came To see the statue of our queen: your gallery Have we pass'd through, not without much content In many singularities; but we saw not That which my daughter came to look upon, The statue of her mother. PAULINA. As she liv'd peerless, So her dead likeness, I do well believe, Excels whatever yet you look'd upon Or hand of man hath done; therefore I keep it Lonely, apart. But here it is: prepare To see the life as lively mock'd as ever Still sleep mock'd death: behold; and say 'tis well. [PAULINA undraws a curtain, and discovers HERMIONE, standing as a statue.]

Thesaurus apart: (adj, adv) aloof; (adv) aside, asunder, especially; (adj) alone, distant, detached, isolated, only; (adj, v) separate; (v) segregate. ANTONYMS: (adv) adjoining, near, surrounded; (adj) connected, nearby. curtain: (n, v) cover; (n) barrier, drapery, blind, screen, mantle, mask, shade, pall, shroud; (v) hide. likeness: (n) resemblance, copy, effigy, image, affinity, similarity, correspondence, facsimile; (adj, n)

figure, form, semblance. statuette, effigy, idol, sculpture, ANTONYMS: (n) difference, carving, bust, sphinx, icon, diversity, dissimilarity, unlikeness, representation. surplus: (n) remainder, balance, contrast. lively: (adj, adv) jolly, sprightly; (adj, v) overabundance, surfeit, remnant, active, cheerful; (adj) energetic, agile, glut, overflow, plethora; (adj, adv, n) extra; (adj) superfluous; (adj, adv) keen, busy, gay, fresh, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) lethargic, listless, over. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) lack; (n) inactive, unexciting, lifeless, shortage, scarcity, shortfall, lacking, essential, deficit; (adj) need, basic, awkward, sad, gentle, tired, insipid, subdued. want, necessity. statue: (n) figure, monument,

140

The Winter's Tale

I like your silence,--it the more shows off Your wonder: but yet speak;--first, you, my liege. Comes it not something near? LEONTES. Her natural posture!-Chide me, dear stone, that I may say indeed Thou art Hermione; or rather, thou art she In thy not chiding; for she was as tender As infancy and grace.--But yet, Paulina, Hermione was not so much wrinkled; nothing So aged, as this seems.% POLIXENES. O, not by much! PAULINA. So much the more our carver's excellence; Which lets go by some sixteen years, and makes her As she liv'd now. LEONTES. As now she might have done, So much to my good comfort, as it is Now piercing to my soul. O, thus she stood, Even with such life of majesty,--warm life, As now it coldly stands,--when first I woo'd her! I am asham'd: does not the stone rebuke me For being more stone than it?--O royal piece, There's magic in thy majesty; which has My evils conjur'd to remembrance; and From thy admiring daughter took the spirits, Standing like stone with thee! PERDITA. And give me leave;

Thesaurus chiding: (n) scolding, rebuke, blame, lecture, check; (v) castigate, berate; conjuring, glamour, black magic, illusion, theurgy; (adj) magical. (n) admonition. ANTONYMS: (n, v) reprehension, rap, censure, ANTONYMS: (n) dullness, science; praise, compliment; (v) commend, upbraiding, wigging, brawl, admonition; (adv) scoldingly. (adj) everyday, prosaic, normal, acknowledge, approve; (n) approval. evils: (n) mala. wrinkled: (adj, n) rough, rugged; (adj) natural. infancy: (n) babyhood, cradle, piercing: (adj, n) sharp, cutting; (adj, v) puckered, creased, wrinkly, wizened, beginning, birth, genesis, minority, keen, penetrating, biting, bitter, crumpled, lined, gnarled, unironed, harsh, shrill; (adj) high, raw, loud. crinkled. ANTONYMS: (adj) early childhood, youth, nonage, adolescence, early days. ANTONYM: ANTONYMS: (adj) quiet, dull, soft, unwrinkled, ironed, straight. (n) maturity. hot. magic: (n) incantation, charm, rebuke: (n, v) reprimand, rebuff, enchantment, sorcery, legerdemain, reproach, chide, blame, reproof,

William Shakespeare

141

And do not say 'tis superstition, that I kneel, and then implore her blessing.--Lady, Dear queen, that ended when I but began, Give me that hand of yours to kiss.% PAULINA. O, patience! The statue is but newly fix'd, the colour's Not dry. CAMILLO. My lord, your sorrow was too sore laid on, Which sixteen winters cannot blow away, So many summers dry; scarce any joy Did ever so long live; no sorrow But kill'd itself much sooner. POLIXENES. Dear my brother, Let him that was the cause of this have power To take off so much grief from you as he Will piece up in himself. PAULINA. Indeed, my lord, If I had thought the sight of my poor image Would thus have wrought you,--for the stone is mine,-I'd not have show'd it. LEONTES. Do not draw the curtain. PAULINA. No longer shall you gaze on't; lest your fancy May think anon it moves.

Thesaurus ended: (adj) concluded, finished, over, done, completed, closed, through, terminated, consummate, all over; (adj, v) past. gaze: (n, v) stare, regard, look, behold; (v) gape, see, contemplate, face, pry, view, glance. ANTONYMS: (v) glance, peek. implore: (v) beg, beseech, supplicate, ask, conjure, crave, pray, importune, appeal, plead, solicit. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, grant, reject.

laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, situated, arranged, determined, dictated, hardened, ordered. longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster. newly: (adv) freshly, recently, lately, new, late, novelly, unusedly, anew, fresh; (adj, adv) afresh; (adj) recent. sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior.

sore: (adj, n, v) hurt; (adj) sensitive, angry, grievous, raw; (n) injury, lesion, cut, boil; (v) acute; (adj, v) sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, healthy, pleased, comfortable. superstition: (n) superstitious, taboo, religion, old wives' tale, superstitious notion, lore, folklore, fanaticism, fallacy, belief, magic. ANTONYMS: (n) science, truth. wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, worked up, formed.

142

The Winter's Tale

LEONTES. Let be, let be.-Would I were dead, but that, methinks, already-What was he that did make it? See, my lord, Would you not deem it breath'd, and that those veins Did verily bear blood? POLIXENES. Masterly done: The very life seems warm upon her lip.% LEONTES. The fixture of her eye has motion in't, As we are mock'd with art. PAULINA. I'll draw the curtain: My lord's almost so far transported that He'll think anon it lives. LEONTES. O sweet Paulina, Make me to think so twenty years together! No settled senses of the world can match The pleasure of that madness. Let 't alone. PAULINA. I am sorry, sir, I have thus far stirr'd you: but I could afflict you further. LEONTES. Do, Paulina; For this affliction has a taste as sweet As any cordial comfort.--Still, methinks, There is an air comes from her: what fine chisel

Thesaurus afflict: (n, v) pain, distress; (v) trouble, unfriendly, stern, cold, cool, earnest living. grieve, torment, hurt, strike, disagreeable, aloof, reserved, distant, madness: (n) frenzy, insanity, lunacy, aggrieve, smite, bother, disturb. rude, uncordial, unpleasant. idiocy, folly, delirium, insaneness; ANTONYMS: (v) aid, comfort, deem: (v) believe, assume, consider, (adj, n) furor, rage, desperation, furore. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, encourage, help, soothe. count, hold, think, feel, view, chisel: (v) cut, cheat, shape, beguile, suppose, regard, imagine. calmness, order. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, doubt. settled: (adj) definite, set, firm, screw, engrave, beat, victimize, sculpture, cozen; (n) burin. fixture: (n) installation, device, fixing, permanent, certain, calm, established, cordial: (adj) genial, warm, affable, attachment, competition, match, decided, formed, defined, finished. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, amiable, friendly, genuine, ardent, clamping plate, fixity, equipment, unaffected, gracious, honest; (n) appliance; (adj) establishment. exciting, temporary. liqueur. ANTONYMS: (adj) lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence,

William Shakespeare

143

Could ever yet cut breath? Let no man mock me, For I will kiss her! PAULINA. Good my lord, forbear: The ruddiness upon her lip is wet; You'll mar it if you kiss it; stain your own With oily painting. Shall I draw the curtain? LEONTES. No, not these twenty years.% PERDITA. So long could I Stand by, a looker on. PAULINA. Either forbear, Quit presently the chapel, or resolve you For more amazement. If you can behold it, I'll make the statue move indeed, descend, And take you by the hand, but then you'll think,-Which I protest against,--I am assisted By wicked powers. LEONTES. What you can make her do I am content to look on: what to speak, I am content to hear; for 'tis as easy To make her speak as move. PAULINA. It is requir'd You do awake your faith. Then all stand still; Or those that think it is unlawful business I am about, let them depart.

Thesaurus amazement: (n) admiration, wonder, looker: (n) spectator, watcher, viewer, now, formerly. ruddiness: (n) flush, rosiness, glow, surprise, consternation, stupefaction, knockout, dish, woman, beaut, stupor, wonderment, feeling, alarm, bystander, browser, observer, complexion, skin color, rubicundity, jolt; (v) amaze. ANTONYMS: (n) beholder. redness, color, complection, high oily: (adj, v) bland, soapy; (adj) fatty, color, pinkness. ANTONYM: (n) preparation, indifference, expectation, coolness, cool, fat, oleaginous, unctuous, slick, pallor. buttery; (adv) unctuously, smoothly, unlawful: (adj) illegal, illegitimate, composure, calmness, contempt, oleaginously. ANTONYM: (adj) lean. illicit, lawless, wrongful, prohibited, belief. chapel: (n) chantry, worship, shrine, presently: (adv) instantly, directly, improper, unauthorized, criminal, outlaw, irregular. ANTONYMS: (adj) kirk, temple, house of God, house of currently, before long, shortly, soon, worship, meetinghouse, oratory, now, at present, readily, just, legal, legitimate, authorized, honest, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, place of worship, tabernacle. rightful.

144

The Winter's Tale

LEONTES. Proceed: No foot shall stir.% PAULINA. Music, awake her: strike.--[Music.] 'Tis time; descend; be stone no more; approach; Strike all that look upon with marvel. Come; I'll fill your grave up: stir; nay, come away; Bequeath to death your numbness, for from him Dear life redeems you.--You perceive she stirs. [HERMIONE comes down from the pedestal.] Start not; her actions shall be holy as You hear my spell is lawful: do not shun her Until you see her die again; for then You kill her double. Nay, present your hand: When she was young you woo'd her; now in age Is she become the suitor. LEONTES. O, she's warm! [Embracing her.] If this be magic, let it be an art Lawful as eating. POLIXENES. She embraces him. CAMILLO. She hangs about his neck: If she pertain to life, let her speak too. POLIXENES. Ay, and make it manifest where she has liv'd, Or how stol'n from the dead.

Thesaurus descend: (v) settle, condescend, down, numbness: (n) dullness, anesthesia, woo, court, participate, include. stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, drop, deign, subside, go down, stupor, torpor, apathy, symptom, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) dismount, derive, get off, come torpidity, lethargy, deadness, down. ANTONYMS: (v) ascend, movement; (n) commotion, indifference, anaesthesia. ANTONYMS: (n) sensation, feeling. climb, float, scale, increase, level, excitement, disturbance. pertain: (v) apply, appertain, belong, ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, mount. lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, concern, affect, regard, refer, involve, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm. constitutional, true, right, justifiable, touch, bear on, interest. licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) shun: (v) evade, escape, elude, dodge, suitor: (n) plaintiff, suer, admirer, permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) flee, refuse, shirk, ostracize, banish, beau, candidate, complainant, parry; (adj, v) eschew. ANTONYMS: unlawful, prohibited, gallant, boyfriend, applicant, (v) befriend, invite, seek, welcome, petitioner; (n, v) wooer. unconstitutional.

William Shakespeare

145

PAULINA. That she is living, Were it but told you, should be hooted at Like an old tale; but it appears she lives, Though yet she speak not. Mark a little while.-Please you to interpose, fair madam: kneel, And pray your mother's blessing.--Turn, good lady; Our Perdita is found. [Presenting PERDITA, who kneels to HERMIONE.] HERMIONE. You gods, look down, And from your sacred vials pour your graces Upon my daughter's head!--Tell me, mine own, Where hast thou been preserv'd? where liv'd? how found Thy father's court? for thou shalt hear that I,-Knowing by Paulina that the oracle Gave hope thou wast in being,--have preserv'd Myself to see the issue.% PAULINA. There's time enough for that; Lest they desire upon this push to trouble Your joys with like relation.--Go together, You precious winners all; your exultation Partake to every one. I, an old turtle, Will wing me to some wither'd bough, and there My mate, that's never to be found again, Lament till I am lost. LEONTES. O peace, Paulina! Thou shouldst a husband take by my consent, As I by thine a wife: this is a match,

Thesaurus appears: (n) appearing. bough: (n) arm, limb, bow, member, tigella, ramage, offshoot, ramification, spray, sprig, stem. desire: (n) ambition, aspiration, craving, dream; (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) fancy, wish, aim; (v) want, aspire, seek. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) aversion, reality, revulsion, apathy; (v) spurn, abhor, answer, command, insist. interpose: (v) interject, insert,

interpolate, intercede, intervene, converse, say, deliver, articulate, meddle, intrude, tamper, step in, butt recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n) in; (adj, v) intermeddle. language. mate: (n, v) equal, partner, spouse; tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, (adj, n) companion, comrade, fellow, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, associate, friend; (n) compeer, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact. wing: (n) pinion, limb, arm, fender, consort, husband. pour: (v) gush, shed, decant, scatter, flank, pennon, Ala, extension, feather; (v) fly, soar. ANTONYM: (n) stream, flow, pelt, discharge, teem, infuse; (n, v) overflow. ANTONYMS: headquarters. (v) drizzle, trickle. speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v)

146

The Winter's Tale

And %made between's by vows. Thou hast found mine; But how, is to be question'd: for I saw her, As I thought, dead; and have, in vain, said many A prayer upon her grave. I'll not seek far,-For him, I partly know his mind,--to find thee An honourable husband.--Come, Camillo, And take her by the hand, whose worth and honesty Is richly noted, and here justified By us, a pair of kings.--Let's from this place.-What! look upon my brother:--both your pardons, That e'er I put between your holy looks My ill suspicion.--This your son-in-law, And son unto the king, whom heavens directing, Is troth-plight to your daughter.--Good Paulina, Lead us from hence; where we may leisurely Each one demand, and answer to his part Perform'd in this wide gap of time, since first We were dissever'd: hastily lead away.! [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus hastily: (adv) hurriedly, rapidly, (adj) irreligious, unholy. quickly, rashly, promptly, suddenly, noted: (adj) famous, illustrious, thoughtlessly, impetuously, swiftly, glorious, conspicuous, well-known, imprudently, speedily. ANTONYMS: known, celebrated, eminent, famed, (adv) carefully, unhurriedly, renowned; (adj, v) notorious. partly: (adj) half, semi, quasi; (adv) industriously, sensibly, prudently, late, calmly, thoroughly, patiently, part, constituently, in part, sidely, gradually, cautiously. moderately, halfway, incompletely, holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, relatively. ANTONYMS: (adv) completely, wholly, entirely; (adj) religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) fully. saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: prayer: (n) invocation, plea, entreaty,

appeal, orison, request, suit, litany, devotion, supplication, asking. richly: (adv) wealthily, copiously, opulently, lavishly, abundantly, sumptuously, affluently, profusely, amply, plentifully, fully. ANTONYMS: (adv) meagerly, poorly, simply, barely. seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt, endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant.

William Shakespeare

147

GLOSSARY abide: (v) endure, bide, undergo, tolerate, take, suffer, stomach, bear, brook; (adj, v) stay, dwell. ANTONYMS: (v) check, depart, disallow, disapprove, disbelieve, journey, dodge, leave, migrate, move, pass ability: (n) hand, power, faculty, dexterity, aptitude, capacity, expertise, flair, genius; (adj, n) cleverness; (adj, n, v) talent. ANTONYMS: (n) inability, injury, incompetence, ineptitude, paralysis, limitation, weakness, stupidity, ineptness, ignorance, impotence able: (adj) dexterous, competent, clever, ingenious, accomplished, gifted, effective, fit, expert; (adj, n) talented, efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) incapable, incompetent, weak, untrained, inept, delicate, feeble, infirm, clumsy, ineffective, ineffectual aboard: (adv) afloat, afield, at home, there, everywhere, here, on base, onboard, where abound: (v) swarm, teem, flow, overflow, burst; (n) exuberate, shower down, stream, rain, abundance; (adj) abundant. ANTONYM: (v) disperse above: (adv, prep) beyond, aloft, on, in excess of; (adv) up, supra, on top; (adj) preceding, former; (adj, prep) past; (prep) surpassing. ANTONYMS: (prep) beneath, under, deficient, underneath; (adj) inferior, following abroad: (adj, adv) overseas, away; (adv) afield, forth, beyond seas, yonder, farther, at large, further; (adj) foreign, out. ANTONYMS: (adj) remaining, nearby absence: (n) absenteeism, deficiency, lack, default, dearth, want, nonattendance, scarcity, paucity, shortage, privation. ANTONYMS:

(n) attendance, existence, fulfillment, inclusion, occurrence, abundance, glut, confirmation, supply, excess absent: (adj) wanting, inattentive, not present, preoccupied, lost, missing, faraway, nonexistent, absentminded, out; (adj, adv) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, attendant, attending, existing, here, real, attentive; (adv) in, visible abuse: (n, v) affront, insult, outrage, reproach, harm, wrong; (v) mistreat, injure, violate; (adj, v) maltreat, profane. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect; (v) compliment, protect, nurture, laud, honor, help, flatter; (n) compliments, kindness, flattery accept: (v) acknowledge, take, admit, recognize, yield, abide, accede, acquiesce, adopt, believe, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, reject, deny, snub, renounce, oppose, resist, disbelieve, dispute, repudiate, quibble acceptance: (n) recognition, acknowledgment, adoption, confirmation, assumption, approval, credence, welcome, accession, receipt, acquiescence. ANTONYMS: (n) refutation, dispatch, reprisal, protest, opposition, intolerance, disagreement, defiance, refusal, resistance, wildness access: (n, v) approach; (n) admission, entry, entree, admittance, gate, entranceway, entryway, opening, outburst; (v) enter. ANTONYMS: (n) exit, outlet, egress, exclusion; (v) seal accident: (n) casualty, crash, coincidence, fortune, smash, incident, hazard, hap, luck, event, fortuity. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, design, intention, intent, calculation accompany: (v) attend, follow, companion, guide, company, lead,

walk, associate, consort, conduct, concur. ANTONYMS: (v) desert, abandon, leave accord: (n) agreement, consensus, harmony; (n, v) consent, concord, assent; (adj, v) agree; (v) give, bestow, suit, grant. ANTONYMS: (n) discord, strife, antagonism, hostility, friction, dissidence, dissension; (n, v) conflict; (v) withhold, question, oppose according: (adj) pursuant, consonant, equal, agreeable, harmonious, conformable, consistent, corresponding, respondent; (adv) correspondingly, accordingly account: (n) narrative, score, tale, reckoning, narration, description, tally, tab, reason; (n, v) regard, report accusation: (n) complaint, charge, accusal, blame, allegation, condemnation, insinuation, denunciation, indictment, inculpation, impeachment. ANTONYMS: (n) exoneration, argument, compliment accuse: (v) charge, incriminate, arraign, denounce, defame, criminate, indict, fault, betray, condemn, inculpate. ANTONYMS: (v) absolve, exculpate, exonerate, praise, support, clear accused: (n) panel, defendant, prisoner, respondent, suspect, suspected person acknowledge: (v) recognize, confess, accept, profess, own, admit, concede, appreciate, notice, declare, approve. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, overlook, reject, repudiate, snub, refuse, renounce, abjure, disavow, disregard, refute acknowledged: (adj) accepted, renowned, recognized, avowed, known, customary, confirmed, admitted, affirmed, recognised; (v)

148 received. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconventional, unacknowledged, questionable acquaint: (v) inform, familiarize, tell, advise, present, introduce, warn, bring out, report, accustom, communicate. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, mislead, misrepresent, withhold, falsify, conceal acre: (n) agrimensor, Akka action: (n, v) achievement, deed; (n) battle, play, performance, movement, accomplishment, agency, activity, fight, effect. ANTONYMS: (n) inaction, inactivity, inactiveness, ambush, stillness actions: (n) proceedings, behaviour, deeds, deportment, background, behavior, events, activities acts: (n) Acts of the Apostles, revelations, Epistles, apocalypse, act, advanced communications technology satellite, evangelists, gospels admirable: (adj) fine, outstanding, beautiful, great, commendable, lovely, good, creditable, praiseworthy, worthy, grand. ANTONYMS: (adj) appalling, poor, unworthy, despicable, contemptible, detestable, dishonorable, rotten, unimpressive, loathsome, low admiration: (n) esteem, adoration, appreciation, reverence, estimation, amazement, liking, awe, compliment; (adj, n) regard; (v) laud. ANTONYMS: (n) disdain, criticism, disapproval, contempt, abhorrence, loathing, disgust, despising, dishonor, disparagement, detestation admiring: (adj) admire, admiringly, loving, respectful, glowing, affectionate, amatory, appreciative, enthusiastic, flattering, approving. ANTONYMS: (adj) defamatory, critical, disdainful, disapproving, disrespectful, uncomplimentary adultery: (n) infidelity, criminal conversation, adulterer, falseness, treachery, betrayal, faithlessness, love affair; (adj) advoutry, crim, harlotry. ANTONYMS: (n) faithfulness, fidelity advancement: (n, v) advance; (n) promotion, furtherance, upgrade, growth, development, cultivation, progression, improvement, progress, elevation. ANTONYMS: (n) reverse, downgrade, retreat, demotion

The Winter's Tale adventure: (n, v) venture, chance; (n) accident, escapade, incident, event, undertaking, consequence, essay; (v) risk, jeopardize. ANTONYMS: (n) stillness, passiveness, inactivity, inaction, avoidance, inertia, bore advice: (n) warning, counsel, caution, report, exhortation, council, tidings, counselling, notice, intelligence, instruction. ANTONYMS: (n) misrepresentation, deceit, deception, lie, falsehood, betrayal, warning advise: (v) recommend, propose, warn, inform, acquaint, suggest, notify, announce, tell, offer, forewarn. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, deceive, delude, fool, trick advocate: (n, v) counsel, support; (n) backer, champion, sponsor, counselor, defender, attorney; (v) vindicate, urge, defend. ANTONYMS: (n) detractor, skeptic, opponent, critic, attacker; (v) assail, attack, criticize, impugn, protest, discourage afar: (adv) off, away, far away, distantly, beyond, Afar off, in the distance, by far, apart; (adj) outlying, far. ANTONYMS: (adv) close, nearby, near; (prep) within afeard: (adj) afraid affair: (n) occurrence, event, business, concern, occasion, job, topic, duty, subject, amour, thing affairs: (n) dealings, concern, circumstances, transaction, occupation, duty, matters, matter, personal business, gear, finances affection: (n) charity, attachment, fondness, heart, love, disease, nature, feeling, affectionateness, tenderness, kindness. ANTONYMS: (n) disgust, neglect, malice, loathing, dislike, detachment, coldness, roughness afflict: (n, v) pain, distress; (v) trouble, grieve, torment, hurt, strike, aggrieve, smite, bother, disturb. ANTONYMS: (v) aid, comfort, encourage, help, soothe affliction: (n, v) adversity; (n) distress, regret, martyrdom, torment, curse, trial, bane, misadventure, sorrow, agony. ANTONYMS: (n) gift, godsend, solace, blessing afford: (v) offer, yield, provide, give, supply, get, furnish, impart, deliver, originate, sustain. ANTONYM: (v) withhold affrighted: (adj) frightful, eery; (prep) affright

afresh: (adv) again, newly, over again, new, once again, freshly, once more, often; (adj) the other day, just now, only yesterday again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also, often, once again, once more against: (adj, adv) counter; (prep) toward, versus, from; (pref) by; (v) oppose; (adv, prep) on; (n) opposition; (adj) unwilling, repugnant; (adv) athwart. ANTONYMS: (prep) for; (adj) eager aged: (adj) senile, elderly, older, hoary, ripe, venerable, ancient, senior, decrepit, antique, antiquated. ANTONYMS: (adj) youthful, new, fresh, green, unripe, unseasoned, smooth agent: (n, v) broker, actor; (n) medium, deputy, mediator, instrument, factor, surrogate, attorney, channel, procurator. ANTONYMS: (n) principal, patriot ages: (n) time out of mind, time immemorial, coon's age, blue moon, month of Sundays agree: (v) admit, acknowledge, acquiesce, adjust, concord, bargain, suit, accede, harmonize, fit; (n, v) coincide. ANTONYMS: (v) oppose, differ, argue, refuse, object, refute, conflict, fight, dispute, decline, contend aided: (adj) power, favored aired: (adj) airy, broadcast, aery, aeriform, aerial alas: (adv) unluckily, regrettably, sadly, unhappily, sorry to say; (n) oh; (int) lackaday. ANTONYM: (adv) luckily alike: (adj) corresponding, equal, equivalent, cognate, analogical, parallel, analogous, identical, similar, the same, duplicate. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, dissimilar, contrasting, unalike, disparate, unlike, opposite; (adv) differently, unequally, unevenly alive: (adj) live, vivacious, living, sensible, delicate, snappy, animated, lively, spry, responsive; (n) life. ANTONYMS: (adj) deceased, inanimate, unanimated, dispirited, dull, inactive, lethargic, lifeless, listless, nonfunctioning, sluggish allay: (n, v) ease; (adj, v) still, quell, lay, appease, quiet; (v) abate, mitigate, moderate, quench, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (v) arouse, excite, heighten, intensify, magnify, provoke, stir, exacerbate, aggravate

William Shakespeare allegiance: (n) adherence, dedication, devotion, faith, troth, faithfulness, commitment, fidelity, homage, constancy, fealty. ANTONYMS: (n) sedition, treason, betrayal, disobedience, enmity, treachery, indifference allied: (adj) related, confederate, united, cognate, connected, joined, relative, near, associated, linked, confederative. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrelated, disunited, independent, sole, unfriendly, unconnected, unallied allow: (adj, v) admit, accord; (v) agree, permit, grant, accede, acquiesce, afford, authorize, bear; (n, v) give. ANTONYMS: (v) prohibit, deny, reject, refuse, keep, prevent, disallow, disapprove, withstand, hold, outlaw allowing: (adj) permissive; (n) acknowledgment almost: (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) nearly, all but, near, nigh; (adv, prep) just about, approximately; (adv) just, mostly, virtually, most. ANTONYMS: (adv) surely, exactly, definitely, certainly alone: (adj) forlorn, individual, lonely, lonesome; (adj, adv) only, apart; (adv) solely, entirely, exclusively, separately, individually. ANTONYMS: (adj) overshadowed, ordinary, mobbed, equaled, crowded, accompanied, common, grouped, surpassed; (adv) jointly; (n) foe along: (adv) ahead, alongside, forwards, forth, throughout, lengthwise, onward, before; (prep) beside, from; (n) at. ANTONYMS: (adv) across, separate, apart, far already: (adv) beforehand, previously, before, formerly, even now, just now, at present, once, heretofore, yet, in advance alter: (v) change, adapt, move, convert, adjust, amend, affect, transform, correct, vary, shift. ANTONYMS: (v) continue, keep, leave, preserve, worsen, retain, standardize, straighten, clarify alteration: (n) adjustment, change, revision, shift, changeover, conversion, modification, variation, reversal, metamorphosis, amendment. ANTONYMS: (n) fixity, preservation altering: (n) castration, fixing, interchange, neutering; (adj) changing, alterant

altogether: (adv) absolutely, all, wholly, perfectly, purely, all in all, completely, entirely, totally, simply, ensemble. ANTONYMS: (adv) incompletely, partially always: (adv) continuously, whenever, permanently, ever, usually, eternally, unceasingly; (adj) perpetual, still, eternal; (adj, adv) without exception. ANTONYMS: (adv) erratically, intermittently, temporarily amazedly: (adv) astonishedly, surprisedly, staggeredly, speechlessly, bewilderedly, dazedly amazement: (n) admiration, wonder, surprise, consternation, stupefaction, stupor, wonderment, feeling, alarm, jolt; (v) amaze. ANTONYMS: (n) preparation, indifference, expectation, coolness, cool, composure, calmness, contempt, belief amend: (adj, v) improve; (v) ameliorate, rectify, better, fix, reform, alter, correct, emend, revise, redress. ANTONYMS: (v) corrupt, damage, debase, impair, reduce, mar, blemish, maintain, leave among: (prep) between, amidst, mid, in, amongst, in the middle of, inter, in the midst of, with, within, middle. ANTONYM: (prep) outside amongst: (prep) amid, between, amidst, surrounded by, in the midst of, in the middle of, along with, with; (v) inter anchor: (n) mainstay, armature, grappling iron, grapnel, chapelet; (v) fasten, secure, cast anchor, fix; (adj) refuge, rest. ANTONYMS: (v) release, detach ancient: (adj) old, obsolete, antiquated, former, past, archaic, antique, primitive, bygone, hoary; (adj, n) elder. ANTONYMS: (adj) contemporary, young, recent, fresh, new, present, youthful, current anger: (n) fury, rage, displeasure, resentment, indignation; (v) incense, offend, irritate, exasperate; (adj) angry; (n, v) wrath. ANTONYMS: (v) placate, pacify, tickle; (n) pleasure, composure, glee, affection, serenity, goodwill, forbearance; (n, v) calm angle: (n, v) hook, incline, tilt; (v) lean; (n) view, viewpoint, aspect, position, point of view, pitch, perspective angled: (adj) bent, forked, oblique, angulated, angulate. ANTONYM:

149 (adj) level angling: (v) angle, hawking, fishing, fleet angle, shooting angry: (adj) anger, furious, provoked, incensed, vehement, fierce, irate, raging, maddened, shirty, indignation. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, gentle, joyful, content, euphoric, mild, happy, resigned, joyous, gleeful, quiet anointed: (adj) hallowed, divine, greasy; (v) anoint anon: (adv) directly, immediately, early, readily, soon, instantly, again, forthwith, promptly, shortly, rath another: (adj) second, more, alternative, additional, new, further, fresh, extra; (adj, v) other; (adj, pron) some other; (n) the other. ANTONYMS: (n, pron) same answer: (n, v) respond, retort; (v) counter, serve, resolve, acknowledge, correspond; (n) solution, defence, return, reaction. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) ask, differ, fail, ignore; (n) request, problem, invitation, poison antechamber: (n) lobby, anteroom, hall, foyer, hallway, waiting room, room, corridor, antichamber, cell, entry antigonus: (n) Monophthalmos, Antigonus Cyclops anything: (adv) any, somewhat; (n) thing, aught, everything, something, any part; (adj) whatsoever; (pron) suchlike apace: (adj, adv) speedily, quickly; (adv) fast, rapidly, hastily, soon, promptly; (adj) forthwith, immediately, incontinently, shortly. ANTONYM: (adv) slowly apart: (adj, adv) aloof; (adv) aside, asunder, especially; (adj) alone, distant, detached, isolated, only; (adj, v) separate; (v) segregate. ANTONYMS: (adv) adjoining, near, surrounded; (adj) connected, nearby apollo: (adj) Aphrodite, Hyperion, narcissus, peri, houri; (n) aurora, Terpsichore, Euterpe, Phoebus Apollo, Orpheus, orb of day apparel: (n, v) garb, attire, garment, array, vesture; (n) clothing, finery, costume, clothes; (v) adorn, clothe apparent: (adj, adv) visible; (adj) discernible, patent, plain, open, obvious, ostensible, clear, definite, evident, perceptible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unclear, real, obscure, mysterious, hidden, ambiguous, unlikely, questionable, uncertain,

150 imperceptible, doubtful appear: (v) occur, seem, sound, come out, turn up, show, emerge, break, arrive, feel, arise. ANTONYMS: (v) vanish, hide, stop, sink, recede, go, depart appeared: (n) appearing appearing: (adj) seeming, beseen, emergent, accomplished; (n) coming into court; (prep) liking; (adj, adv) prima facie appears: (n) appearing appetite: (n, v) desire; (n) appetence, appetency, relish, inclination, stomach, taste, thirst, passion, liking, gusto. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, repulsion, revulsion, apathy, distaste apply: (v) devote, dedicate, utilize, ask, use, resort, exercise, consume, lay, appeal; (n, v) give. ANTONYMS: (v) remove, separate, neglect, dissociate, defy, exempt, conserve appoint: (v) assign, accredit, designate, set, prescribe, delegate, create, make, commission, fix; (n, v) name. ANTONYMS: (v) dismiss, fire, unfurnish, expel, dismantle, discharge, strip, elect, change appointed: (adj) specified, prescribed, destined, ordained, fit, set, fitted, commissioned, nominated, designated; (v) appoint approach: (n) access, entry, means, advent, coming, entrance, arrival; (n, v) advance; (v) accost, address; (adv, v) near. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, withdrawal, leaving, distancing; (v) end, withdraw, finish, distance, depart, conclude, close approved: (adj) sanctioned, certified, allowed, authorized, accredited, agreed, regular, conventional, standard, orthodox, official. ANTONYMS: (adj) informal, disapproved, incorrect, unorthodox april: (n) Apr argument: (n) proof, debate, matter, controversy, hassle, independent variable, contention, difference, justification, discussion, fight. ANTONYMS: (n) harmony, concord, accord, consensus, accusation, defense arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed army: (n) troop, host, armed forces, battery, swarm, navy, multitude, force, flock; (adj, n) military; (adj)

The Winter's Tale array arrival: (n) advent, accession, entrance, incoming, newcomer, return, attainment, coming, comer, entry, reaching. ANTONYMS: (n) exit, leaving, disappearance, conclusion arrive: (n, v) come, appear; (v) mature, reach, attain, succeed, turn up, land, fall, get in, show. ANTONYMS: (v) go, depart, fail, fall, lose, exit aside: (adv) apart, away, beside, alongside, in reserve, off, abreast; (adj, adv) by; (n) digression, divagation, parenthesis. ANTONYMS: (adv) erectly, uprightly, vertically asleep: (adj) sleeping, deceased, sleepy, dormant, numb, dead, sound asleep, snoozing, slumbering, napping, gone. ANTONYMS: (adj) up, attentive, alert, conscious aspect: (n) look, surface, view, prospect, expression, side, manner, bearing, vista, feature; (n, v) regard assisted: (adj) aided attach: (v) append, adhere, add, affix, bind, link, associate, assign, nail, apply, annex. ANTONYMS: (v) undo, separate, unfasten, disconnect, free, deflect, dissociate, loosen, quit, take, unscrew attend: (n, v) tend, escort, nurse, conduct; (v) assist, serve, minister, aid, look, partake, follow. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, leave, ignore, disregard, desert, abandon attendant: (n) companion, follower, assistant, escort, subordinate, employee, guide, varlet; (adj) accompanying, concomitant, incidental. ANTONYMS: (n) superior, boss; (adj) absent, unrelated, significant attendants: (n) entourage, followers, retinue, tendance, persons present, suite attending: (v) attend; (n) presence, nursing, care, appearing, observation; (adj) concomitant, attendant, ministrant, in attendance, ancillary. ANTONYMS: (n) nonattendance, inattention audacious: (adj) brash, arrogant, barefaced, bold, daring, impudent, intrepid, brave, shameless, enterprising, insolent. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, timid, cautious, polite, reserved, meek, humble, fearful, discreet, respectful audience: (n) hearing, attendance,

house, listener, meeting, turnout, hearer, spectators, gallery, following; (n, v) auditory aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; (adj) any auspicious: (adj) lucky, favorable, propitious, happy, prosperous, providential, successful, opportune; (adj, n) fortunate, helpful; (adj, v) auspicial. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfortunate, inopportune, unfavorable, untimely, ominous, unlucky, insignificant authority: (n) ascendancy, sanction, warrant, administration, authorization, professional, judge, hold, domination, dominance; (adj, n) rule. ANTONYMS: (n) novice, neophyte, weakness, apprentice, servility, servitude, refusal, powerlessness, insecurity, inferiority, indecisiveness autolycus: (n) Robert Macaire, trickster, Artful Dodger, colporteur, pedlar, cadger avails: (n) Vail avoid: (v) shun, parry, avert, escape, evade, ward off, duck, circumvent, prevent, ignore; (adj, v) eschew. ANTONYMS: (v) associate, tackle, face, validate, participate, invite, seek, embrace, court, permit, encourage avouch: (v) assert, affirm, asseverate, ensure, declare, admit, acknowledge, protest, vouch, warrant; (n, v) avow. ANTONYM: (v) disavow awake: (v) wake, awaken, realize, waken; (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, keen, intelligent; (adj, v) broad awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconscious, sleeping, comatose, sleepy, relaxed; (v) deaden, lull, sleep awaking: (n) waking, awakening away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj, adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv) aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth; (adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near, close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly, discontinuously, in awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; (adv) briefly babe: (n) infant, baby, chick, sweetie, suckling, nursling, child, newborn, chit, girl, darling. ANTONYMS: (n) grownup, adult, adolescent baby: (n) babe, child, darling; (v) pamper, indulge, coddle,

William Shakespeare mollycoddle, spoil; (adj, n) miniature, young; (adj) small. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect; (adj) large, mature, big; (n) parent, adolescent, adult, grownup bade: (v) bid, command, bad baggage: (n) bag, bags, trunk, pack, gear, equipment, stuff, effects, suitcases, woman, thing bagpipe: (n) wind, bagpipes, musette bailiff: (n) officer, underwriter, castellan, solicitor, seneschal, secretary, proctor, official, middleman, functionary, broker bairn: (n) child, offspring, kid, infant, baby, tike, tiddler, tyke, pickaninny, nipper, minor ballad: (n) song, folk song, carol, poem, ballade, recitative, solfeggio, pastoral, recitativo, ditty, bravura bank: (n) dam, coast, limit, stack; (n, v) store, slope, gradient, embankment, heap, hill; (v) deposit. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, spend, align, disburse, distrust, plumb, straighten; (n) hollow barbarism: (n) atrocity, barbarousness, barbarity, cruelty, savagery, Gothicism, vandalism, uncivilizedness, heathenism, vulgarism, savageness. ANTONYMS: (n) civility, nicety bare: (adj) naked, austere, bald, stark, bleak, exposed, desolate, plain; (adj, v) empty, vacant; (v) show. ANTONYMS: (adj) cultivated, ornate, concealed, elaborate, adorned, decorated, dressed, clothed, embellished; (v) cover, conceal bark: (n, v) skin, yelp, snarl, cry, rind, shout; (v) growl, roar; (n) bay, peel, crust. ANTONYMS: (n, v) whisper barren: (adj, n) sterile; (adj) infertile, deserted, arid, void, dry, stark, meagre, fruitless, abortive; (n) waste. ANTONYMS: (adj) productive, lush, fruitful, developing, growing, profitable, rewarding, rich, sheltered, humid, populous barricado: (v) block, impede, jam, obstruct, occlude, bar baseness: (n) meanness, despicability, evil, depravity, wickedness, dirtiness, unworthiness, iniquity, infamy, lowness, villainy. ANTONYM: (n) goodness bases: (n) basis, foundation bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake; (adj) spurious, phony, misbegotten, bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n)

whoreson, love child, illegitimate child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered bawd: (n) prostitute, fancy woman, whore, cocotte, trollop, hooker, tart, streetwalker, harlot, woman, pimp bawdry: (n) bawdy, vulgarism, fornication; (adj) Fescennine, double entente, equivoque, smut, ribaldry bawdy: (adj) coarse, gross, obscene, smutty, naughty, raunchy, risque, vulgar, lewd, loose; (n) bawdry. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, clean, chaste, proper bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull beard: (v) defy, dare; (adj, v) brave; (adj, n) hair; (n) whiskers, moustache, sloven, facial hair; (n, v) camouflage, disguise, mask. ANTONYM: (n) shaven bearing: (n, v) demeanor; (n) manner, direction, deportment, conduct, attitude, aspect, approach, appearance, respect, air. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, irrelevance; (adj) nonbearing bears: (n) fissiped, badgers, Carnivora, order Carnivora beasts: (n) stock beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap, knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce, pulsate, bat; (n) round. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, help, divide, cede, aid, separate, surrender; (adj) invigorated, energized; (n) caress, pat beaten: (adj) overpowered, routed, conquered, overcome, prostrate, frothy, trounced, worsted; (v) beat, lose, fail. ANTONYMS: (adj) heartened, uplifted, triumphant, encouraged, loose beating: (n) reverse, defeat, whipping, thrashing, battery, flogging, pounding, pulsation, pulse, rout; (adj) pulsing. ANTONYMS: (n) victory, win beauty: (n) attractiveness, beaut, charm, pulchritude, loveliness, exquisiteness, grace, grandeur, looker, good looks; (adj) beautiful. ANTONYMS: (n) hag, plainness, shortcoming, flaw, witch, dog, disadvantage, detraction, repulsiveness, eyesore, awkwardness become: (v) grow, suit, be, match, come about, arise, get, sit, to

151 become, fall; (adj) becoming. ANTONYMS: (v) halt, stay, lower, stop, reduce, clash becomes: (v) become becoming: (adj, v) seemly, proper, befitting; (adj) decorous, decent, adequate, apposite, due, agreeable, fit, relevant. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, unattractive, unflattering, improper, unbefitting, unsuitable, ugly, unseemly before: (adv) ahead, ago, in front, previously, already, forth; (adv, prep) fore, afore; (adj) preceding, prior; (adj, adv) earlier. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) later, behind, afterward, after; (adv) subsequently, ahead; (adj) subsequent began: (v) Gan begin: (v) commence, arise, initiate, become, enter, rise, originate, undertake, create, dawn, set out. ANTONYMS: (v) end, stop, cease, terminate, die, delay, complete, conclude begotten: (adj) generated, biological, create beguile: (v) attract, charm, enchant, allure, captivate, bluff, entrap, enthrall, lure, fascinate; (n, v) cheat. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, irritate, irk, bore, advise, guard, annoy, repel behalf: (n) sake, part, interest, behoof, defense, lieu, good, stead, score, service, side beheld: (adj) visual behind: (adj, n) back, rear; (adj, adv) backward, late; (adv) backwards, later, aback, beyond; (n) backside, can; (prep) abaft. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early; (adv) fore; (adj) prompt behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, ignore, overlook beholder: (n) witness, looker, observer, onlooker, viewer, eyewitness, bystander, auditor, audile, passer by, watcher behove: (v) behoove, become, befit, meet, be fitting, fit, be right, be proper, be appropriate believe: (n) belief, believing; (v) assume, conceive, consider, reckon, guess, accredit, to believe, understand; (n, v) trust. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, doubt, question, suspect, reject, discredit, deny, despair belly: (n) stomach, inside, pregnancy,

152 maw, bowels, intestines, waist, corporation; (v) balloon, swell, bloat bend: (n, v) bow, turn, arch, arc, crook, twist, elbow; (adj, n, v) curve; (v) stoop, crouch; (adj, v) flex. ANTONYMS: (n, v) square; (v) align, unbend, leave beneath: (adv, prep) below, under; (adj) low, inferior; (adv) downward, infra, at a lower place; (prep) lower than, less than, unworthy of, unbefitting. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over; (adv) higher benediction: (n, v) blessing; (n) grace, orison, thanks, communion, doxology, hosanna, invocation, supplication, beatitude; (v) bless. ANTONYMS: (n) damning, malediction, anathema benefit: (n, v) aid, assist, profit, avail, help, gain, favor; (n) good, assistance, service, interest. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, drawback, ill, detriment, hindrance; (n, v) harm; (v) hinder, hurt, injure, impair, disfavor beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject beshrew: (v) curse, damn, imprecate, bedamn, anathemize, anathematize, execrate, maledict; (adj) shrew. ANTONYM: (v) bless besides: (adv) as well, moreover, too, furthermore, again, as well as, anyway, additionally; (prep) apart from, beside; (adj, adv) more best: (adj, n) supreme, most, elite; (adj) superior, great, leading, choice, superlative; (v) beat, outdo; (adj, n, v) top. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) worst; (v) lose, surrender; (adj) minimum, lowest, least, inferior, incorrect, fewest; (n) loser; (adv) insincerely betake: (v) wend, apply, address, accost, get, obtain, refer, acquire, aim, beget, attach betray: (v) deceive, bewray, sell, grass, dupe, reveal, mislead, disclose, accuse, befool, bamboozle. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, undeceive, hide, defend, withhold better: (adj, v) improve, mend; (adj, adv, v) best; (v) recover, ameliorate, emend, reform, advance, enhance, surpass; (n) bettor. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) worse; (adj, n) inferior; (v) worsen, deteriorate; (adj) lesser, lower, tinier, ill, unhealthy, smaller, sicker betwixt: (n) midst; (prep) among,

The Winter's Tale amid; (adv) atwixt beyond: (adj, prep) across; (adv, prep) above, without, besides, over; (adj, adv) further; (adv) away, by, more, farther, abroad. ANTONYMS: (prep) below; (adv) close, inside bidding: (n) behest, order, dictate, charge, bid, request, call, dictation, direction, fiat; (adj) imperative bide: (v) abide, await, endure, bear, remain, last, dwell; (adj, v) tarry, wait; (adj) tolerate, stand. ANTONYMS: (v) go, move, hurry bill: (n, v) placard; (n) beak, card, advertisement, poster, invoice, receipt, act, bank note, check; (v) advertise. ANTONYM: (n) credit birds: (n) aves, class Aves, Craniata, flora and fauna, natural world, nature, subphylum Craniata, Subphylum Vertebrata, Vertebrata, amphibians birth: (n) beginning, genesis, ancestry, descent, extraction, start, onset, parentage, origin; (v) delivery; (n, v) parturition. ANTONYMS: (n) death, bereavement, ending, finale, finish, passing, end, decease, conclusion, demise births: (n) birthing, birth rate, birthrate bite: (n, v) nip, cut, taste, hurt, pain; (v) pinch, chew, erode, gnaw, eat; (n) morsel. ANTONYMS: (n) lot, whole, mildness bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid; (adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle black: (adj) sable, dark, ebony, colored, bleak, dirty, evil, nigger, darkie, unclean; (adj, n) blackamoor. ANTONYMS: (v) whiten; (adj) spotless, snowy, saintly, pale, optimistic, merry, light, angelic, ivory, bright blade: (n) knife, beau, foil, falchion, cutlass, sword, leaf, shaft, razor, brand, steel blameless: (adj) irreproachable, perfect, faultless, unimpeachable, pure, spotless, innocent, guiltless, inculpable, not guilty, clean. ANTONYMS: (adj) culpable, blameworthy, responsible, wrong, bad, sinful, shameful, flawed bleaching: (v) to bleach, whiten; (n) fading, decolourization; (adj) acid

bleat: (v) blat, kvetch, gripe, moan, whimper, cry, blate, quetch, utter, emit; (n) baaing bleed: (v) run, ooze, phlebotomize, leak, percolate, shed blood, trickle, hemorrhage, fleece; (n) ache, smart blemish: (n, v) stain, scar, flaw, blot, slur; (n) defect, stigma, fault; (v) deface; (adj, n) imperfection; (adj, v) disfigure. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, beautify, embellish, improve; (n) perfection, enhancement blench: (v) blanch, recoil, quail, blink, flinch, bleach, shrink back, shrink, cringe, cower, whiten bless: (v) consecrate, celebrate, sanctify, anoint, eulogize, sign, praise, keep, grant, glorify; (n) blessing. ANTONYMS: (v) curse, condemn, disapprove, damn, disallow, deny blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved, unhappy, unholy, secular blessing: (n) benediction, approval, mercy, felicity, benison, benefit, luck, advantage, boon, bless, godsend. ANTONYMS: (n) curse, misfortune, disaster, condemnation, adversity, desecration, refusal, veto, disadvantage blessings: (n) blessing, godsend blind: (n) curtain, shutter, veil, drape, awning, trick; (v) bedazzle, dazzle, daze; (adj) sightless; (adj, v) obscure. ANTONYMS: (adj) sighted, uncovered, understanding, sharp, seeing, revealed, quick, perceptive, open, controlled, cautious blood: (n) birth, gore, nature, origin, kindred, lineage, descent, family, beau, pedigree; (adj) juice bloody: (adj) brutal, bleeding, ruddy, bloodthirsty, sanguineous, sanguine, savage, bloodstained, damned, raw; (adv) damn. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, soft blossom: (adj, n, v) flower, blow; (n, v) bud; (n) blooming, heyday, efflorescence; (v) prosper, flourish, thrive, progress, unfold. ANTONYMS: (v) wither, deteriorate, struggle, shrivel, shrink, fade, die; (n) withering blow: (n) beat, knock, shock, wallop, gust, jolt; (adj, n, v) gasp, puff; (n, v) blast, slap; (v) squander. ANTONYMS: (n, v) calm; (v) save,

William Shakespeare conserve, store, stillness, inhale, come, arrive; (n) luck, comfort, caress blown: (adj) puffy, panting, swollen, winded, inflated, moving, high, haughty lofty, late; (v) puffing and blowing; (n) blowen blue: (adj) depressed, down, gloomy, low, spicy, livid, naughty, sapphire, sad, downhearted, downcast. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, happy, joyous, refined, moral, decent, upbeat, joyful, gay, cheerful, cheery blush: (n, v) glow, color; (v) redden, crimson; (n) red, bloom, rosiness, ruddiness, redness; (adj) bashful; (adv) blushingly. ANTONYMS: (v) blanch, pale, blench; (n) paleness boast: (v) bluster, brag, blow, crow, gasconade, show off, rodomontade, exult; (n, v) vaunt, pride; (n) arrogance. ANTONYMS: (n) deprecation; (v) downplay, lack bodies: (n) people, public body: (n) cadaver, corpse, organization, cluster, set, carcass, figure, consistency, aggregate, association; (adj, n) mass. ANTONYMS: (n) handful, mind, minority, soul, few bohemian: (n) Gypsy, Romany, palmer, hadji, pilgrim, unconventional, vagabond, maverick, nomad; (adj, n) nonconformist; (adj) raffish boiled: (adj) intoxicated, poached, stewed; (v) sodden bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless, spirited, heroic, daring, courageous, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, modest, afraid, meek, shy, light, courteous, discreet, faint, fearful, abashed boldness: (n) prowess, face, daring, valor, nerve, assurance, heroism, audaciousness, spirit, cheek, valour. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, shyness, timidity, meekness, reticence bond: (n) association, alliance, deed, agreement, bail, attachment, joint; (v) bind; (n, v) cement, band, link. ANTONYMS: (v) unstick, open, unfasten, loosen, disconnect, clash; (n) separation, divorce bondage: (n) thrall, thraldom, thralldom, slavery, captivity, enslavement, duress, restraint, yoke, vassalage; (adj, n) villenage. ANTONYMS: (n) independence, emancipation, freedom

bones: (n) bone, frame, corpse, dry bones, framework, maraca, physician, finger cymbals, tymbal, wreck, timbrel book: (v) order, reserve, inscribe, apply, write; (n) account book, pamphlet, journal, volume; (n, v) list, record. ANTONYMS: (v) free, exonerate bookish: (adj) academic, studious, learned, literary, intellectual, educated, pedantic; (v) blue, solid, scholastic, profound boot: (n, v) kick; (n) boots, Wellingtons, bang, gain, jackboot, buskin, kicking, charge, shoe, bootikin booties: (n) bootees, bootie bore: (v) dig, tire, pierce, tap, annoy, perforate; (n, v) bother, plague; (n) auger, well, gimlet. ANTONYMS: (v) fascinate, excite, hypnotize, engage, entertain, stimulate; (n) charmer, exciter, excitement, pleasure boring: (adj) tedious, tiresome, dull, annoying, bored, tame, prosaic, monotonous, wearisome, uninteresting; (n) drilling. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, fascinating, varied, thrilling, original, gripping, inspiring, surprising, stimulating, attractive, amazing born: (adj) native, natural, congenital, inbred, inborn, innate, inherent, untutored; (v) be born, to be born, arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned, unborn, acquired, trained borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited borrow: (v) adopt, lend, appropriate, to borrow, assume, take, accept, acquire, plagiarize, cadge, get. ANTONYMS: (v) give, invent, loan, originate, return bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority bough: (n) arm, limb, bow, member, tigella, ramage, offshoot, ramification, spray, sprig, stem bound: (n, v) leap, jump, border, bounce, limit, edge, vault, recoil; (n) boundary, barrier, compass. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, amble, crawl, limp, permit; (adj) permitted, released, unbound, allowed, unlikely boundless: (adj) limitless, endless,

153 unlimited, infinite, bottomless, incalculable, immense, immeasurable, interminable, unbounded, vast. ANTONYMS: (adj) limited, restricted, confined, finite, incomplete, negligible, small bounty: (adj, n) largesse; (n) abundance, bounteousness, premium, blessing, prize, munificence, beneficence, generosity; (v) benefaction; (n, v) gift. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, fine, insufficiency, penalty, meanness bourn: (n) bounds, border, Bourne, limit, confine, bound, term, borne, barrier, but, curbstone bowling: (n) tenpins, bowl, playing, game, skittles, throw, bosie ball, bosie, googly, Chinaman bracelet: (n) annulus, armlet, circlet, wristband, necklace, ring, hoop, areola, circle, anklet, annulet brain: (n) mastermind, genius, head, mind, reason, wit, psyche, noddle, intelligence, nous, brains. ANTONYMS: (n) emotion, moron, body, dummy, imbecile, idiot, physicality brains: (n) cleverness, intellect, intelligence, sense, mind, wisdom, pate, wit, wits, reason; (adj, n) head. ANTONYM: (n) stupidity branch: (n, v) fork; (n) wing, jump, affiliate, ramus, member, stem, limb, agency, stick, subdivision. ANTONYMS: (n) composite, trunk; (v) converge, merge branches: (n) branch, brushwood brass: (n, v) face; (adj, n) boldness; (n) nerve, cheek, administration, audaciousness, insolence, arrogance; (adj) bronze; (v) assurance, impudence brat: (n) imp, bairn, rogue, urchin, scamp, kid, monkey, whippersnapper, scalawag, pickaninny, jackanapes brave: (adj, n) bold, hardy; (adj) audacious, fearless, courageous, virile, intrepid, valiant; (adj, v) endure; (v) defy, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) cowardly, frightened, pathetic, gutless, afraid, cautious, fainthearted, meek, mousy, nervous; (v) skip break: (n, v) crack, fracture, breach, burst, rupture, stop, pause; (n) interruption, respite, suspension; (v) infringe. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, honor, lose, make, observe, resume, stay, strengthen; (n, v) mend; (n)

154 continuation, misfortune breaking: (n) breakage, breach, violation, infringement, contravention, smash, rift, scutching, shift, intermission; (v) deaden breath: (n) wind, air, inspiration, puff, soul, aspiration, respite, airflow; (v) breathe, respire; (adj, n) whisper breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale breed: (n) variety, race, kind, ancestry, sort, order, species; (v) engender, multiply, beget, bear. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, eradicate, ignore, kill, neglect, quell breeding: (n) education, upbringing, nurture, manners, reproduction, generation, propagation, culture, fostering, cultivation, multiplication. ANTONYMS: (n) unsophistication, vulgarity brick: (n) adobe, block, rough diamond, ugly duckling, lump, unit, red; (adj) trump, concrete; (v) pot, terra cotta bright: (adj) alive, vivid, intelligent, apt, shining, brilliant, lustrous, luminous, light, beaming, shiny. ANTONYMS: (adj) cloudy, stupid, gloomy, dim, unintelligent, dreary, dark, overcast, shadowy, thick, leaden bring: (v) convey, get, take, bear, carry, put, conduct, return, reduce, set, bring in. ANTONYMS: (v) drop, free, leave, lose, remove, avoid broken: (adj) torn, tame, damaged, intermittent, uneven, imperfect, rugged, rough, out of order; (adj, v) busted, ruined. ANTONYMS: (adj) unbroken, intact, wild, whole, working, uplifted, uninterrupted, triumphant, running, indomitable, incessant brooch: (n) broach, jewelry; (n, v) clasp; (v) fasten brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, associate, counterpart, crony, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) enemy, opposer, opponent brow: (n) peak, brink, brows, height, summit, forehead, eyebrow, edge, crown, brim, border. ANTONYM: (n) trough brows: (n) brow browsing: (n) feeding, eating,

The Winter's Tale reading, bruting build: (n, v) make, shape; (v) erect, establish, raise, rise, found, base, fabricate, fashion; (n) frame. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, dismantle, raze, overturn, obliterate, decrease, decelerate, ruin, disassemble bulk: (n) size, mass, volume, majority, amount, capacity, quantity, dimension, magnitude, thickness; (adj, n) lump. ANTONYMS: (n) minority, lightness bull: (n) rot, ox, hogwash, absurdity, bear, buck, guff, shit, male; (n, v) bullshit; (adj, n) blunder. ANTONYMS: (n) truth, bear burden: (n, v) bother, weight, pack, burthen, trouble, clog, strain; (n) anxiety, bale, responsibility; (v) afflict. ANTONYMS: (v) relieve, lighten, free, disburden, alleviate, relax; (n, v) help; (n) tranquility, relaxation, peace, pleasure burn: (adj, v) glow; (n, v) bite, fire, sunburn; (v) sting, scorch, incinerate, blaze, flare, ignite, cremate. ANTONYMS: (v) smother, give, subdue, help, quench, repay, stifle, extinguish, wet burns: (n) George Burns, Nathan Birnbaum, Robert Burns bury: (v) inter, overwhelm, lay to rest, hide, mask, secrete, conceal, cloak, entomb, suppress; (n) burial. ANTONYMS: (v) exhume, unearth, uncover, dig, disclose, distract, expose, ignore, reveal, air, remember business: (n) subject, matter, event, vocation, job, profession, affair, work, corporation, occupation; (adj, n) trade. ANTONYMS: (adj) charitable, private; (n) pleasure, avocation, fun, entertainment, hobby butler: (n) waiter, pantryman, attendant, valet de chambre, livery servant, steward, flunkey, footman, lackey, manservant, valet buyer: (n) client, customer, shopper, emptor, vendee, user, consumer, patron, end user, chap, bull. ANTONYMS: (n) vendor, consultant cabin: (n) booth, cabana, cot, lodge, stall, shed, chamber, bothy, room, apartment, cell. ANTONYMS: (n) chateau, mansion, palace calf: (n) calves, calfskin, sura, foal, shorthorn, pup, kitten, colt, leather, kid, box calf

call: (n, v) appeal, shout, bellow, name, yell, howl, request, appoint; (v) bid, summon; (n) call option. ANTONYMS: (v) whisper, mutter, cancel, listen, stop, suppose, murmur; (n) dismissal, give, grant, silence called: (adj) named, titled, chosen, known as; (v) nempt, ycleped calumny: (n) defamation, slander, traducement, detraction, scandal, obloquy, libel, vilification, slur, backbiting, disparagement came: (v) arrive, come capable: (adj) competent, adequate, apt, adept, accomplished, fit, gifted, qualified, proficient, trained; (adj, n) efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) incapable, inept, unable, helpless, lacking, bad, unimaginative, unqualified, untrained caparison: (v) bard, equip; (n) trappings, housing, horsecloth, accouterment, rigging, saddlery, slops, suit, toggery capital: (adj, n) principal, primary, main; (n) city, stock, funds, money, wealth, means; (adj) great, magnificent. ANTONYMS: (adj) extra, worst, unimportant, poor, nonessential, minor, inferior; (n) minuscule, liabilities, poverty care: (adj, n, v) anxiety; (n, v) attention, charge, worry; (n) caution, bother, concern, apprehension, aid, custody; (v) attend. ANTONYMS: (n) carelessness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, rashness, negligence, vagueness, unconcern; (n, v) disregard, dislike; (v) loathe, abhor careful: (adj, v) attentive, anxious; (adj) thrifty, thoughtful, frugal, mindful, prudent, deliberate, alert, economical, guarded. ANTONYMS: (adj) reckless, slapdash, neglectful, wasteful, unconcerned, tactless, stupid, spendthrift, rash, negligent, inaccurate carriage: (n) attitude, conveyance, cab, air, walk, position, mien, shipping; (n, v) transport, behavior, port carried: (adj) conveyed, imported carry: (v) convey, bring, take, conduct, acquit, behave, accept, transport, comport, hold, pack. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, lose, censor, fail, hold, conceal case: (n) example, box, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, affair, briefcase, business; (adj, n) eccentric

William Shakespeare cases: (n) brass tacks, baggage, luggage, caseload, suitcases cast: (n, v) throw, stamp, form, fling, shape, figure; (v) shed, pitch, chuck; (n) casting, appearance. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, receive, subtract, reject, take, gather, catch, retain, keep casting: (n) cast, hurl, pouring, molding, teeming, block, Malleable castings, fling, to throw something a long distance, flinging, pelt caught: (adj) fixed, guilty, accomplished, wedged, trapped, interested, exposed, defenseless, culpable; (v) seize, get. ANTONYM: (adj) loose cause: (n) case, action, account; (n, v) occasion, allow; (v) breed, do, induce, beget, motivate, provoke. ANTONYMS: (n) effect, result, outcome; (v) foil, deter, forestall, prevent, stop, halt, quell, retard cease: (n, v) end, finish, stop; (v) quit, terminate, break, break off, close, conclude, discontinue, abstain. ANTONYMS: (v) begin, start, commence, persist, stay celebrated: (adj) renowned, famous, distinguished, notable, noted, splendid, well-known, known, famed, eminent; (adj, n) glorious. ANTONYMS: (adj) minor, unexalted, ordinary, obscure, undistinguished, inglorious, insignificant celebration: (n) anniversary, holiday, fair, solemnization, festival, commemoration, merrymaking, feast, party, festivity; (adj, n) dedication. ANTONYM: (n) omission celestial: (adj) ethereal, divine, supernal, angelic, holy, sacred, astronomical, unworldly, superlunary, from on high; (n) heaven. ANTONYMS: (adj) mundane, secular, terrestrial, mortal censure: (n, v) accuse, reprimand, reproach, attack, animadversion, abuse; (n) accusation, condemnation; (v) carp, condemn, berate. ANTONYMS: (v) approve, commend, allow, endorse, laud, permit, sanction; (n) approval, blessing, commendation; (n, v) compliment centre: (n) core, middle, navel, midpoint, heart, waist, hub, centering; (v) concentrate, focus, centralize ceremonious: (adj) formal, solemn,

stately, stiff, precise, starchy, prim, punctilious, majestic, dignified; (adj, v) decorous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unceremonious, simple, relaxed, casual, informal ceremony: (n) courtesy, celebration, ceremonial, parade, pomp, rite, ceremonies, manners, custom, ritual, pageant. ANTONYMS: (n) modesty, understatement certain: (adj) definite, sure, assured, absolute, reliable, indisputable, dependable, unquestionable, undeniable, unavoidable, unequivocal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsure, doubtful, questionable, hesitant, debatable, erratic, faulty, indistinct, vague, doubting, undecided certainly: (adv) assuredly, definitely, positively, clearly, necessarily, undoubtedly, actually, securely, confidently, absolutely; (adj, adv) really. ANTONYMS: (adv) doubtfully, possibly, equivocally, perhaps certainty: (n) assurance, sureness, certain, trust, confidence, fact, reliability, surety, security, reality, certitude. ANTONYMS: (n) doubt, unpredictability, indecisiveness, skepticism, unknown, idealism, vagueness, fantasy, feeling, hesitation, insecurity chaff: (v) tease, jest, rally, mock, kid, jolly, joke; (n) bran, raillery, husk; (n, v) ridicule chains: (n) fetters, bond, chain, bonds, handcuffs, irons, manacles, shackles, iron, confine, trammel chamber: (n) hall, bedchamber, cavity, cell, council, compartment, assembly, apartment, ventricle, dormitory, cubicle chance: (n, v) hazard, adventure, risk, venture, bet; (n) fortune, probability, opportunity; (adj) accidental; (adj, n) contingency; (v) befall. ANTONYMS: (adj) intentional, deliberate, designed, arranged, planned, foreseeable; (n, v) plan; (n) predictability, misfortune, certainty; (v) protect change: (n, v) shift, barter, twist, cash; (v) alter, alternate, adapt, convert; (n) alteration, modification, variation. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, maintain, idle, hold, establish, standardize; (n) stability, bills, constancy, preservation, uniformity changed: (adj) transformed, varied, switched, change, transform,

155 converted, distorted, affected, changeling, disguised, inverse. ANTONYM: (adj) unchanged changeling: (n) tyke, child, youngster, tike, tiddler, shaver, nipper, nestling, mooncalf, gobemouche, jobbernowl chapel: (n) chantry, worship, shrine, kirk, temple, house of God, house of worship, meetinghouse, oratory, place of worship, tabernacle character: (n) type, part, note, role, brand, spirit, disposition; (adj, n) nature, kind, eccentric, constitution. ANTONYMS: (n) deceit, dishonor, corruption, body charge: (n, v) blame, care, burden, commission, command, attack, bill, load, tax; (n) accusation; (v) bid. ANTONYMS: (v) request, discharge, plead, beg, compensate, aid, credit, calm; (n, v) retreat, absolve, unload charitable: (adj) kind, clement, gentle, benevolent, liberal, bountiful, philanthropic, generous, humane, kindly, lenient. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncharitable, mean, nasty, tightfisted, inhumane, selfish, miserly, hard, cruel, commercial, cheap charity: (n) dole, favor, aid, liberality, generosity, kindness, alms, mercy, virtue; (v) almsgiving; (adj, n) brotherly love. ANTONYMS: (n) intolerance, meanness, unkindness, cruelty, malice, stinginess, cheapness, nastiness, inhumanity chase: (v) pursue, trail, follow, track, stalk, expel, banish, go after; (n, v) hunt, search; (n) game. ANTONYMS: (v) escape, lead, find, precede chaste: (adj) virtuous, moral, virgin, modest, unsullied, austere, vestal, severe, continent, spotless, decent. ANTONYMS: (adj) corrupt, wanton, lewd, sleazy, promiscuous, immoral, dirty, defiled, impure, tainted cheat: (n, v) trick, con, fake, sham; (n) fraud, bilk, impostor; (v) defraud, beguile, betray, fleece. ANTONYMS: (v) support, repay, help, contribute, aid cheek: (n) audacity, nerve, brass, boldness, impertinence, face, lip, mouth, gall, insolence, impudence. ANTONYMS: (n) respect, cowardice, timidity, humbleness, meekness, reticence, seriousness; (v) praise cheer: (v) animate, applaud, amuse, hearten, inspire, lighten; (n, v)

156 comfort, delight, cry; (adj, v) embolden; (n) consolation. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, boo, uncheerfulness, hiss, pessimism, raspberry; (v) depress, discourage, dissuade, complain, jeer cherish: (v) care for, nurture, treasure, entertain, cultivate, bosom, prize, esteem, harbor; (n, v) hug, foster. ANTONYMS: (v) hate, scorn, reject, denounce, despise, neglect chide: (n, v) censure, reprimand, blame; (v) rebuke, admonish, chasten, lecture, scold, reproach, chastise, reprove. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, laud, commend, compliment, approve chiding: (n) scolding, rebuke, blame, reprehension, rap, censure, upbraiding, wigging, brawl, admonition; (adv) scoldingly child: (n) baby, babe, bairn, infant, kid, toddler, tot, girl, brat, juvenile, minor. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, parent childish: (adj) childlike, naive, babyish, immature, simple, puerile, infantile, juvenile, silly, frivolous, young. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, old, wise, adult, jaded children: (n) child, offspring, descendant, family, seed, boy, babies, descendants, birth, relatives, people chin: (n) jaw, Kuki, jawbone, lineament, rap, jowl; (v) elevate, speak, chin up, confer, bring up chisel: (v) cut, cheat, shape, beguile, screw, engrave, beat, victimize, sculpture, cozen; (n) burin choice: (n) vote, alternative, selection, option, preference, pick, pleasure, volition; (adj, n) favorite, election; (adj) excellent. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, fair, poor, worst, ordinary, inappropriate; (n) coercion, dearth, restriction, dislike choose: (v) adopt, elect, select, pick, prefer, take, appoint, assign, decide, excerpt; (n) picking. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, waver, decline, forgo, spurn, dislike, elect chorus: (n, v) choir; (v) chant; (n) ensemble, coir, refrain, chorale, acclamation, Greek chorus; (adv) descant, glee, madrigal. ANTONYMS: (n) disagreement, discord chose: (v) choose, opt, decide; (n) thing church: (n) cathedral, abbey, chapel, meetinghouse, denomination,

The Winter's Tale minster, place of worship, kirk, Fane, Christian church, Christianity churl: (adj, n) niggard; (n) peasant, clown, curmudgeon, crosspatch, skinflint, countryman, tyke, tike, scrooge; (adj) miser. ANTONYMS: (n) aristocrat, gentleman circumstance: (n) affair, incident, matter, event, occasion, chance, accident, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact circumstances: (n) state, position, condition, circumstance, case, state of affairs, status, predicament, plight, environment, fortune city: (adj) municipal, urban, civic, public; (n) borough, the City, burgh, village, metropolis, municipality, state. ANTONYMS: (adj) suburban, country, private clamour: (n) clamoring, hue and cry, clamouring, blare, bedlam, uproar, vociferation, tumult, hubbub, exclamation; (v) utter clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer cleanly: (adj) clean; (adv) clearly, tidily, purely, neatly, freshly, immaculately, spotlessly, unsulliedly, fairly, unadulteratedly clear: (adj) clean, certain, distinct; (adj, v) acquit, absolute, free, net, absolve, empty; (adj, n) open; (v) exculpate. ANTONYMS: (adj) opaque, cloudy, incomprehensible, uncertain, dark, hazy, vague, fuzzy, obscure, confused, puzzling climate: (n) atmosphere, clime, ambience, latitude, mood, milieu, weather, environment, zone, conditions, isobar clipping: (n) trimming, snip, pruning, cutting, trim, cutting off, selection, shaving, paring, shearing; (adj) hair clock: (n) chronometer, horologe, alarm, alarm clock, clepsydra, ticker, cuckoo clock, clock radio; (n, v) time, stopwatch; (v) measure clocks: (n) alfilaria, alfileria, storksbill, pin clover, redstem storksbill, pin grass, filaria, filaree clog: (n, v) block, bar, glut; (v) choke, obstruct, foul, hinder, encumber, back up; (n) obstruction, patten. ANTONYMS: (v) free, clear, open, unblock close: (n, v) end, stop, finish; (adj, adv, prep) nearby; (adj, adv) adjacent, tight; (adj, v) compact, approximate; (adj) accurate; (adv,

prep) by; (n) conclusion. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) open; (n, v) start; (adj) distant, airy, loose, fresh, far, inaccurate, unfamiliar; (v) begin, unlock clothes: (n) apparel, clothing, dress, garb, wardrobe, vestment, garment, cloth, thing, gown, wear clouded: (adj, n) cloudy; (adj) gloomy, dark, overcast, obscure, blurred, foggy, misty, hazy, bleary; (v) cymophanous. ANTONYM: (adj) clear clown: (n) fool, joker, jester, boor, harlequin, joke, comedian, rustic, comic, acrobat; (v) antic coast: (n) shore, bank, seaside, beach, seashore, waterside, brink; (n, v) slide, glide; (adj) coastal; (v) drift. ANTONYMS: (v) bump, lurch, struggle; (n) inland, Midlands coat: (v) cloak, blanket; (n, v) sheath, plaster; (n) coating, fur, film, crust, jacket, layer, bark. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, expose cock: (n) rooster, chicken, spigot, Peter, prick, cockerel, tool, stopcock, shaft; (n, v) stack; (v) ruffle. ANTONYM: (v) uncock coin: (v) invent, mint, originate, create, strike, cast; (n, v) forge; (n) specie, money, penny, piece cold: (n) chilliness, chill; (adj) chilly, frigid, distant, indifferent, aloof, callous, icy, apathetic, impassive. ANTONYMS: (adj) warm, friendly, hot, prepared, burning, affectionate, loving, soporific, fervid; (n) heat, warmth coldly: (adv) frigidly, icily, coolly, indifferently, frostily, distantly, gelidly, reservedly, bleakly, wintrily, frozenly. ANTONYMS: (adv) warmly, affectionately, sympathetically, sensitively, kindly, cheerfully, emotionally collect: (v) gather, amass, accumulate, pick, aggregate, congregate, acquire, harvest, accrue, pick up, cull. ANTONYMS: (v) distribute, scatter, spread, lose, give, divide, dispense, disband, compensate, need, dispatch colour: (n) coloration, coloring, colors, semblance, vividness, pretext, pretence, colouring, guise; (v) redden, discolor. ANTONYMS: (n) colorlessness; (v) discolor colours: (n) banner, ensign, emblem, colour, colouring, standard, flag, color, tone combat: (n, v) fight, clash, encounter,

William Shakespeare conflict, war; (n) contest, action, brawl, fighting, fray, hostility. ANTONYMS: (n) peace; (v) cooperate, agree, pacify, surrender, compromise, favor comfort: (n, v) ease, allay, support, aid, alleviate; (n) consolation, relief, amenity, assistance; (adj, n, v) assuage; (v) cheer. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, aggravation, agony; (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, afflict, aggravate, bother, burden, disappoint comforting: (adj) soothing, consoling, consolatory, satisfying, gratifying, encouraging, restful, placatory, tranquil, appeasing; (n) relief. ANTONYMS: (adj) hostile, discomforting, disconcerting, distressing, disturbing, overwhelming, surprising, troublesome, irritating, tense, upsetting comforts: (n) amenities, bread and butter, convenience, conveniences coming: (n) advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return; (adj, n) approaching; (adj) forthcoming, imminent, future, impending; (adj, v) instant. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, leaving, departing; (adj) distant, retreating, past command: (n, v) order, charge, call, control, decree; (n) instruction, bidding, direction, behest; (v) direct, commission. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, follow, contradict, countermand, revoke, recall, oppose; (n) beg, plead, plea commanded: (adj) lawful commandment: (n) order, command, fiat, edict, law, regulation, bidding, decree, caution, behest, prescription commend: (v) approve, exalt, acclaim, praise, applaud, recommend, endorse, entrust, extol, compliment, cite. ANTONYMS: (v) rebuke, criticize, censure, reproach, keep, chastise, reprimand, deny, disparage, refuse, smear commission: (n) mission, job, delegation, mandate, appointment, work; (n, v) warrant, assign; (v) accredit, designate, entrust. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, retract; (n) salary committed: (adj) engaged, dedicated, firm, devoted, involved, connected, loyal, constant, linked, vigorous; (v) compromised. ANTONYMS: (adj) unattached, passive, casual, flippant, uncaring, halfhearted

common: (adj) coarse, mutual, vulgar, mean, mediocre, ignoble, plebeian, base; (adj, n) cheap, habitual; (adj, n, v) usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, specific, unique, extraordinary, exclusive, aristocratic, infrequent, refined companion: (adj, n) associate; (n) colleague, buddy, mate, peer, chum, partner, fellow, comrade, assistant, brother. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, adversary company: (adj, n) society, business; (n) band, association, collection, cohort, brigade, troop, club, partnership; (v) accompany. ANTONYMS: (n) isolation, enmity, host, hostess, absence compassed: (adj) fulfilled, finished, done, complete, confined complaint: (n) charge, ailment, disease, affection, whine, disorder, wail, complain, plaint, protest, sickness. ANTONYMS: (n) compliment, commendation, health complexion: (n, v) tint; (n) cast, character, appearance, look, hue, aspect, flush, glow, dye, fashion compliment: (n, v) praise, honor; (v) laud, flattery, applaud, greet, adulation, congratulate, belaud; (n) eulogy, tribute. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, reproach, disparagement; (n, v) slander, libel; (v) criticize, denounce, disparage, denigrate, complain, belittle conceal: (v) hide, disguise, bury, screen, cloak, smother, shield, suppress, mask, obscure; (n, v) veil. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, show, expose, divulge, clarify, uncover, disclose, tell, admit, spotlight, flaunt concealment: (n) suppression, confidentiality, concealing, secrecy, screen, disguise, hiding, privacy, camouflage, blind, covering. ANTONYMS: (n) discovery, disclosure, exposure, expression, openness, uncovering, revelation conceit: (n) pretension, vanity, selfesteem, pride, assumption, egotism, fancy, haughtiness, conception, caprice, quip. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, timidity, selflessness, humbleness, reserve conceited: (adj) arrogant, cocky, vain, boastful, proud, smug, affected, assuming, egotistical, haughty, pompous. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, insecure, meek, selfless, unassuming

157 conceive: (v) think, imagine, comprehend, design, apprehend, realize, discover, cogitate, appreciate, invent, catch. ANTONYMS: (v) destroy, doubt, misunderstand, question, ruin concerns: (n) dealings, affairs conclusion: (n) end, close, result, termination, sequel, completion, cessation, dissolution, finish, finale; (n, v) closing. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, opening, preface, inauguration, foreword, launch, commencement, head condemn: (v) censure, reproach, castigate, attaint, deplore, sentence, excoriate, upbraid, knock, doom, criticize. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, approve, commend, free, pardon, absolve, acquit, clear, exonerate, release, support condition: (n) position, status, provision, standing, clause, circumstances, term, predicament, rank; (n, v) aspect; (v) provide. ANTONYMS: (v) disqualify; (n) option conduit: (n) canal, channel, aqueduct, tube, duct, watercourse, drain, vas, culvert, dike, ditch conference: (n) meeting, colloquy, council, interview, consultation, negotiation, talk, discussion, congress, sitting, session confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor confessed: (adj) known confidence: (n) assurance, certainty, certitude, belief, faith, hope, nerve, credit, conviction, reliance, expectation. ANTONYMS: (n) insecurity, doubt, nervousness, anxiety, diffidence, distrust, fear, timidity, hopelessness, aimlessness, embarrassment conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure up, evoke, implore, bring up connive: (v) scheme, intrigue, plot, contrive, collude, blink, wink, overlook, acquiesce, plan, design conscience: (n) moral sense, Conscience money, sense of right and wrong, scruple, intention, tender conscience, small voice, principles, morals, morality, inward monitor. ANTONYM: (n) indifference

158 consider: (v) think, regard, view, cogitate, deliberate, calculate, conceive, reckon, reflect, assume; (n, v) study. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, forget, discard, doubt, reject, nevermind, dismiss, abandon, leave, decide, overlook considered: (adj) reasoned, premeditated, intentional, willful, sensible, sound, advised, studied, planned, calculated, regarded. ANTONYMS: (adj) sudden, impetuous, ingenuous, thoughtless, swift, spontaneous, disregarded, unconsidered, unplanned, unstudied, casual conspiring: (adj) conspirant, designing constant: (adj) ceaseless, perpetual, continual, faithful, changeless, steadfast, eternal, uninterrupted, continuous; (adj, n) steady, invariable. ANTONYMS: (adj) irregular, intermittent, changeable, variable, inconstant, erratic, episodic, fickle, temporary, disloyal, inconsistent contempt: (n, v) scorn; (v) despise; (n) disrespect, derision, mockery, disregard, ridicule, shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy. ANTONYMS: (n) approval, admiration, regard, honor, esteem content: (n) meaning, matter, capacity, contents, subject; (n, v) contentment; (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice; (adj) happy. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discontent; (adj) tormented, unhappy, dissatisfied, rebellious, discontented, troubled; (adj, v) upset; (n) unhappiness, sadness; (v) trouble contents: (n) substance, content, matter, inside, subject matter, list, volume, synopsis, conspectus, cargo, catalogue continent: (adj) chaste, celibate, abstemious, pure, temperate, abstinent, sober, austere; (n) land, peninsula, delta. ANTONYMS: (adj) impure, unchaste continue: (v) remain, keep, sustain, carry on, endure, persevere, bide, proceed, maintain; (adj, v) prolong; (n, v) hold. ANTONYMS: (v) end, cease, discontinue, halt, renounce, hesitate, complete, fail, desist, finish, neglect continuing: (adj) constant, lasting, abiding, ongoing, serial, persistent, enduring, permanent, durable, chronic, steady. ANTONYMS: (adj)

The Winter's Tale rapid, spasmodic, occasional, fleeting contract: (n, v) compact, charter, bargain; (v) concentrate, condense, catch, shrink, constrict; (adj, v) abridge, narrow, shorten. ANTONYMS: (v) widen, stretch, lengthen, transmit, swell, renege, open, increase, grow, give, extend contrary: (adj, n) contradictory, reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting, unfavorable, perverse, cross, disobedient, alien, different, obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) similar, harmonious, helpful, obliging, compatible, complaisant, concordant, parallel, agreeable, cooperative, favorable converse: (n, v) chat, discourse, argue; (v) confer, confabulate, speak; (n) conversation, colloquy, contrast; (adj, n) opposite; (adj) counter. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) equal; (adj) similar, complementary; (n) similarity copy: (n, v) counterfeit, duplicate, pattern, trace; (v) imitate, ape, follow; (adj, n, v) model; (n) imitation, transcription, reproduction. ANTONYMS: (v) create, originate; (n) master cordial: (adj) genial, warm, affable, amiable, friendly, genuine, ardent, unaffected, gracious, honest; (n) liqueur. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfriendly, stern, cold, cool, disagreeable, aloof, reserved, distant, rude, uncordial, unpleasant cork: (n, v) plug; (n) bung, stopper, phellem, bobber, bob, bobfloat; (v) cap, stop, close; (adj) cobweb corners: (adj) cornered corpse: (n) carcass, body, carcase, dead person, stiff, dead body, remains, corse, clay, dry bones; (adj) lich corse: (n) cadaver, dry bones, skeleton, Corsica, carcass, bones cottage: (n) cabin, bungalow, crib, hut, villa, lodge, shanty, chalet, country house, house, cot counsel: (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, warn; (n, v) caution, advocate; (n) barrister, advisement, consultation, admonition. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, trick, deceive, conceal, oppose; (n) warning counsellor: (n) counselor, advocate, adviser, councillor, advisor, mentor, pleader, attorney, lawyer, consultant, solicitor

countenance: (n) aspect, expression, brow, complexion; (n, v) face, sanction, support, favor; (v) allow, tolerate, uphold. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, oppose, discourage, disapprove, prohibit counterfeit: (adj, n, v) sham; (n, v) copy, duplicate; (adj, v) mock, falsify; (adj) false, artificial, assumed; (adj, n) imitation; (v) forge, ape. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, real, authentic, true, actual; (n) original country: (n) nation, home, land, place, area, territory, commonwealth, soil, kingdom, realm; (adj) rustic. ANTONYMS: (adj) urban, metropolitan; (adj, n) city; (n) metropolis counts: (adj) details, particulars, items couple: (v) connect, associate, combine, attach, copulate, join, tie, mate; (adj, n) brace; (n, v) yoke; (n) duo. ANTONYMS: (v) separate, unhook, detach, disconnect, divide, unbuckle, undo; (n) individual, single course: (n, v) stream, flow; (n) bearing, route, career, track, path, road, channel; (adj, n) current; (v) chase. ANTONYM: (v) trickle court: (n) forum, bar, close, field, tribunal, passage, judicatory, judge; (v) romance, attract; (n, v) invite. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, reject, ignore, spurn, disregard, discourage courtier: (n) aristocrat, official, attendant, suckling courts: (n) judges covering: (n) cover, coating, blanket, coat, casing, wrapper, case, concealment, awning; (adj, n, v) clothing; (n, v) apparel. ANTONYMS: (prep) exactly, beneath covert: (adj) clandestine, hidden, concealed, secret, underground, undercover; (n) cover, blind, refuge, concealment, covering. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, aboveboard, unconcealed, public, blatant cowardly: (adj, adv) dastardly, scared, shrinking; (adj) timid, afraid, craven, gutless, sneaky, fainthearted, faint; (adv) recreantly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) brave, daring, bold, courageous; (adj) intrepid, fearless, strong, determined; (adv) dauntless, gutsy, unafraid

William Shakespeare crabbed: (adj) abstruse, sour, grumpy, morose, crusty, surly, churlish, moody, irritable, huffy; (adj, n) austere crack: (n, v) chink, fracture, split, fissure, crevice, burst, snap, breach, clap, check; (n) cleft. ANTONYMS: (n, v) mend; (v) set, misunderstand, misinterpret, fix, compose; (adj) mediocre, lowly, inferior, deficient cracking: (n) crack, break, fracture; (adj) splitting, swell, smashing, corking, bully, great, keen, neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) smooth, slow cram: (v) pack, ram, jam, fill, chock up, compress, shove, load, ingurgitate, overeat, compact. ANTONYMS: (v) deplete, unpack, disperse cream: (n, v) best, top, ream; (v) skim; (adj, n) prime, flower, milk; (n) ointment, balm, liniment, elite. ANTONYMS: (n) trash, dregs, worst; (v) lose creating: (v) create; (n) making creature: (n) being, brute, animal, tool, individual, person, body, entity, human, puppet, somebody credit: (n) credence, recognition, belief, commendation, appreciation, advance, fame; (v) accredit; (n, v) reputation; (adj, n) worth, merit. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discredit; (n) cash, blame, fault, disrepute, disgrace, withdrawal; (v) disbelieve, question, mistrust, distrust credulity: (n) credulousness, trustingness, trust, innocence, trustfulness, faith, lack of caution, navet, unwariness, acceptance. ANTONYM: (n) wariness creep: (v) grovel, sneak, steal, fawn, lurk, truckle, cringe; (n) creeping, crawling, toady, sycophant. ANTONYMS: (v) race, dash, hasten, hurry, speed, fly creeping: (n) creep, crawl, locomotion, spreading; (v) lentor; (adj) reptile, slow, reptant, reptatory, serpiginous, moving crickets: (n) order Orthoptera, Gryllidae, family Gryllidae criminal: (adj, v) wicked, wrong; (n) crook, malefactor, hoodlum, gangster; (n, v) culprit; (adj, n) convict, delinquent; (adj) illegal, sinful. ANTONYMS: (adj) legitimate, lawful, honest, righteous, right, rightful, good; (n) innocent crone: (n) beldam, beldame, hag, grandmother, old woman, crony, witch

crown: (n, v) top, cover; (v) cap, complete; (n) apex, pinnacle, crest, summit, peak, kingdom, acme. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom; (v) dishonor, dethrone, begin, commence, start, depose cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian cruelty: (n) brutality, cruelness, oppression, barbarity, ferociousness, tyranny, violence, atrocity, ferocity, mercilessness, harshness. ANTONYMS: (n) compassion, gentleness, friendliness, humanity, benevolence, sensitivity, liberty, decency crush: (n, v) squeeze, crunch, press; (v) beat, break, compress, conquer, stamp, overpower, squash, bruise. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, congratulate, stretch, praise, inspirit, encourage, compliment, expand, resist, submit, smooth crying: (adj, v) exigent, instant, pressing, urgent; (adj) insistent, clamant, imperative, blatant; (n) weeping; (v) weep; (adj, n) sniveling curds: (n) fleetings curious: (adj) odd, unusual, abnormal, strange, peculiar, interested, quizzical, quaint, queer, inquiring, inquisitive. ANTONYMS: (adj) incurious, ordinary, apathetic, uninterested, unconcerned, typical, indifferent, everyday, disinterested, conventional, common curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) anathema, blasphemy, malediction, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) swear, ban, damn, vituperate. ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, benediction, making; (v) communicate cursed: (adj) damned, doomed, execrable, cussed, wretched, unlucky, accursed, blamed, blasted, confounded; (v) accurst. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, honorable, nice, sweet, kine curses: (n) abuse curst: (adj) darned, damned, deuced, goddam, goddamn, goddamned, maledict, everlasting, damnable, damn, accursed curtain: (n, v) cover; (n) barrier, drapery, blind, screen, mantle,

159 mask, shade, pall, shroud; (v) hide custom: (n) habit, convention, usage, practice, consuetude, fashion, method, mores; (n, v) use, accustom; (adj) bespoke. ANTONYMS: (n) fad, innovation, phenomenon, rage, rarity customary: (adj, n) accustomed, usual, habitual; (adj) conventional, ordinary, commonplace, traditional, average, wonted, regular, standard. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, abnormal, exceptional, unconventional, offbeat, irregular, innovative, different, unfamiliar, extraordinary, rare customers: (n) trade dagger: (n) bodkin, sword, blade, obelisk, knife, stiletto, dirk, cutlass, grapheme, saber, skean daily: (adj, n) journal; (adj, adv) every day; (adj, v) diurnal; (adj) everyday, regular; (n) tabloid, gazette, paper, dailies; (adv) each day, day by day. ANTONYMS: (adj) nightly, intermittent, sporadic dainty: (adj, v) nice; (adj, n, v) delicacy; (adj) fastidious, savory, tasteful, squeamish, particular, mincing, refined; (adj, n) tidbit; (n) luxury. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, vulgar, rough, inelegant, harsh, gross, awkward, accepting, heavy, careless, thick dame: (n) lady, female, queen, girl, gentlewoman, wench, skirt, matron, madam, ma'am, woman damnable: (adj) cursed, damned, abominable, hateful, accursed, devilish, infernal, disgusting, sinful, deplorable, offensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) commendable, laudable, praiseworthy dance: (v) caper, bop, to dance, cavort, play, skip, to show courage, step; (n, v) hop, jump, shake danger: (n) risk, peril, hazard, chance, jeopardy, threat, trouble, precariousness, slipperiness, disaster, insecurity. ANTONYMS: (n) security, ease, privilege dangerous: (adj, n) critical; (adj) severe, serious, grave, adventurous, unhealthy, precarious, hazardous, perilous, threatening, chancy. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, secure, protected, unhazardous, slight, weak, harmless, friendly, favorable, calm, pleasant dare: (n, v) venture; (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, risk, resist, make bold; (n) adventure, daring,

160 defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) avoid, flee, pass, refrain, retreat, obey darken: (v) blur, blind, confuse, dim, shade, overcast, fog, overshadow; (adj, v) obscure; (n, v) conceal, shadow. ANTONYMS: (v) illuminate, whiten, lighten, clarify, disclose dash: (adj, n, v) rush; (n, v) touch, sprint, strike, splash, jog; (v) dart, break; (n) tinge, beat; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (v) dawdle, inspirit, languish, saunter, encourage, linger; (n) stagnation, languor, listlessness, mass, dullness daughter: (n) child, son, maiden, young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin days: (n) period, life, time, age, existence, generation, years, being, era, living, lifetime dead: (adj) lifeless, defunct, cold, inanimate, idle, gone, fallen, numb, deceased, vapid; (adv) right. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) living; (adj) alive, animate, live, spirited, responsive, working, partial, operative; (adv) partly, partially deal: (v) administer, allot, conduct, truck, distribute, apportion; (n, v) buy, trade, contract; (n) agreement, arrangement. ANTONYMS: (n) purchase; (v) misdirect, receive, neglect, mishandle, mismanage, take, ignore, hold, gather, disregard dear: (adj, adv) close, near; (adj, n) darling; (adj) costly, expensive, lovely, precious, affectionate, adorable, cherished; (n) love. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, inexpensive, valueless, despised, modest, loathed, hateful, distant; (n) rival, foe, enemy dearest: (n) dear, darling, love, honey, lover, sweetheart, loved one, baby; (adj) precious, intimate, sweet dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, darlingly, sweetly, petly, expensively, belovedly, intimately, highly, heartfeltly, lovely death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit, fate, mortality, departure, cessation, decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus. ANTONYMS: (n) existence, delivery, living, nascency, being, survival, life, beginning debt: (n) score, debit, loan, liability, obligation, due, bill, commitment, arrears, pocket, hole. ANTONYMS: (n) asset, cash, credit declined: (adj) less

The Winter's Tale dedication: (n) allegiance, devotion, commitment, offering, inscription, loyalty, sanctification, celebration, fidelity, passion; (adj, n) glorification. ANTONYMS: (n) unfaithfulness, desecration, disloyalty, dishonesty, neglect deed: (n) accomplishment, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, doing, document, title, fact. ANTONYM: (n) failure deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities deem: (v) believe, assume, consider, count, hold, think, feel, view, suppose, regard, imagine. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, doubt deep: (adj) thick, profound, strong, rich, broad, sound, absorbed, wide, abstruse, dark; (adj, v) intense. ANTONYMS: (adj) superficial, high, weak, soft, light, open, frivolous, lightweight, narrow, straightforward, simple deer: (n) caribou, buck, fawn, stag, reynard, brocket, cervid, ruminant, roe, roebuck, hart delicate: (adj) accurate, tender, dainty, refined, breakable, fragile, beautiful, brittle, soft, nice, frail. ANTONYMS: (adj) inelegant, robust, heavy, sturdy, tough, careless, inaccurate, rough, well, substantial, unscrupulous deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save, rescue, abandon, send, pronounce, hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter. ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine, imprison, hold, oppress, enslave, restrain, retain, collect, withhold, shackle delivery: (n, v) birth, address; (n) consignment, discharge, rescue, surrender, distribution, elocution, issue, communication, deliverance. ANTONYMS: (n) dispatch, collection, holding, keeping, capture demand: (v) ask, require, ask for, beg; (n, v) need, request, command, appeal, requisition, sale; (n) requirement. ANTONYMS: (v) grant, offer, obviate, give, eliminate, cede, beg, present, request; (n) response, plea deny: (v) controvert, rebuff, contradict, disavow, gainsay, reject, oppose, refuse, disown, abnegate, renounce. ANTONYMS: (v) affirm, claim, acknowledge, declare, maintain, agree, spoil, accept, accede, allow, argue

denying: (v) deny; (adv) denyingly; (adj) opposed, recusative, unselfish, abnegative depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge, return departure: (n, v) decease, demise; (n) exit, leave, deviation, divergence, depart, parting, aberration, passing, takeoff. ANTONYMS: (n) appearance, conformity, greeting, ingress, influx, homecoming, regularity, entrance, birth, coming, advance derivative: (n) derivation, offshoot, differential, curvature, derivative instrument, differential coefficient, figuring, extension; (adj) derived, unoriginal, copied. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) original; (adj) primary, new, inventive, unborrowed, imaginative; (n) invention derive: (v) stem, acquire, draw, deduct, come, result, extract, educe, infer, gain, elicit. ANTONYM: (v) invent descend: (v) settle, condescend, down, drop, deign, subside, go down, dismount, derive, get off, come down. ANTONYMS: (v) ascend, climb, float, scale, increase, level, mount description: (n) account, type, picture, depiction, explanation, brand, delineation, story, recital, report; (adj, n) kind desert: (adj, n, v) waste; (v) escape, forsake, relinquish, ditch, defect, leave; (adj, v) desolate; (adj, n) worth, merit; (adj) barren. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, support, remain, inhabit, assist, aid, help, keep; (adj) cultivated, productive, fertile deserts: (n) desert, just deserts, due, compensation, comeupance design: (n, v) purpose, aim, scheme, sketch, conceive; (n) conception, drawing, device, idea, arrangement; (v) contrive. ANTONYMS: (n) chance, fortuity, accident, destruction; (v) improvise desire: (n) ambition, aspiration, craving, dream; (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) fancy, wish, aim; (v) want, aspire, seek. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) aversion, reality, revulsion, apathy; (v) spurn, abhor, answer, command, insist

William Shakespeare despair: (n) disappointment, desolation, dejection, melancholy, gloom, desperation, depression, dismay, discouragement, pessimism, sorrow. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, hopefulness, expectation, joy, cheer, cheerfulness, resilience, elation, joyfulness desperate: (adj) despairing, dire, critical, abject, dangerous, in despair, grave, awful, despondent, drastic; (adj, v) forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) hopeful, optimistic, rational, promising, minor, cautious, casual, careful, trivial, secure, satisfied destiny: (n) fate, chance, fortune, kismet, luck, lot, destination, portion, weird, life; (n, v) doom. ANTONYMS: (n) chance, design destroyed: (adj) ruined, lost, desolate, shattered, desolated, broken, depressed, dead, damaged, undone, fallen. ANTONYMS: (adj) preserved, living detestable: (adj) hateful, abhorrent, damnable, odious, offensive, despicable, execrable, horrible, infamous; (adj, v) cursed; (adj, adv) atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) admirable, adorable, sweet, loveable, lovable, likable, delightful, cherished, honorable, desirable, nice devils: (n) unclean spirits devise: (v) contrive, conceive, invent, plan, create, concoct, design, arrange, frame, formulate, excogitate dibble: (n) drill, wimble, stylet; (v) delve, harrow, plow, lop and top, hoe, rake, weed, plough dice: (v) cube, cut, chop, cut up, play dice, bet; (n) die, dice box, bone, dees difference: (n) conflict, disagreement, controversy, contention, distinction, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, discord; (n, v) change. ANTONYMS: (n) sameness, resemblance, correspondence, agreement, concurrence, understanding, parity, normality, likeness, accord, consistency dignity: (n) degree, prestige, glory, decorum, face, distinction, honor, majesty, eminence, solemnity; (adj, n) decency. ANTONYMS: (n) lowliness, indecency, impropriety, simplicity, cheerfulness, austerity directly: (adj, adv) immediately, forthwith; (adv) instantly, frankly, bluntly, personally, straightly,

straightforwardly, at once, outspokenly, sincerely. ANTONYMS: (adv) obliquely, later, ambiguously, equivocally, subsequently, hesitantly, eventually, distantly, whenever, wrong, untruthfully discase: (v) bare, denude, deprive, despoil, disrobe, doff, strip, strip down, clean, denudate, unclothe. ANTONYM: (v) dress discern: (v) differentiate, see, comprehend, detect, distinguish, make out, perceive, find, note; (n, v) descry; (adj, v) recognize. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, neglect, disregard, observe, overlook discover: (v) discern, disclose, ascertain, find, perceive, catch, expose, hear, determine, sense, detect. ANTONYMS: (v) overlook, ignore, disregard, confuse, conceal, lose discovery: (n) detection, disclosure, breakthrough, finding, revelation, catching, revealing, invention, find, development, exploration disdain: (n, v) despise, contemn, slight, ridicule; (n) contempt, derision, arrogance, haughtiness, pride; (v) scoff, disparage. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, admiration, reverence, worship, approval, regard; (v) approve, admire, praise, accept, participate disease: (n, v) ailment; (n) illness, sickness, condition, complaint, affection, ill, disorder, affliction, bug; (adj, n) infirmity. ANTONYM: (n) health disguise: (n, v) cloak, mask, conceal, masquerade, veil, camouflage, color; (n) guise, concealment; (v) hide, dissemble. ANTONYMS: (n) revelation; (v) unmask, uncover, show, expose, display, disclose, clarify, reveal disguised: (adj) cloaked, concealed, masked, secret, hidden, veiled, in disguise, incognito, blind; (adj, v) private; (n) groggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) recognizable, unmasked, uncovered, uncloaked, revealed, open, obvious dish: (n) basin, disk, plate, meal, platter, food, saucer, beauty, meat, repast; (n, v) hollow dishonesty: (n) corruption, betrayal, crookedness, injustice, deceitfulness, treachery, deviousness, duplicity, falsehood, racket, trick. ANTONYMS: (n) frankness,

161 sincerity, truthfulness, honestness, reliability dishonour: (v) discredit, disgrace, attaint, shame, degrade, desecrate, violate, rape, outrage; (n) stigma, opprobrium disjunction: (n) dissociation, severance, detachment, disunion, disjuncture, disengagement, separation, breakaway, disassociation, disconnectedness, break disloyal: (adj) untrue, faithless, unfaithful, deceitful, treacherous, dishonest, treasonable, disaffected, rebellious, traitor, perfidious. ANTONYMS: (adj) loyal, faithful, honest, trustworthy, firm, patriotic, true, dependable dismantle: (v) strip, destroy, deprive, disassemble, break up, disintegrate, level, undress, tear down, take down, take apart. ANTONYMS: (v) raise, erect, build, construct, support disobedience: (n) contumacy, intractableness, rebelliousness, breach, recalcitrance, rebellion, refusal, noncompliance, mutiny, contravention, defiance. ANTONYMS: (n) compliance, meekness, conformity, devotion, order, fulfillment, loyalty dispatch: (n, v) speed, rush; (n) consignment, expedition, celerity, quickness; (v) send, accelerate, deliver, quicken, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) receiving, receipt, dawdling, delay, loitering, silence; (v) keep, start, begin, hold, retain displeasure: (n) resentment, discomfort, dissatisfaction, dislike, discontent, exasperation, disfavor, annoyance, offense, pique, disapproval. ANTONYMS: (n) satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment, happiness, delight, contentment, equanimity, approval dispose: (n, v) incline, order, influence; (v) adjust, predispose, position, place, lead, tend; (n) bias, array. ANTONYMS: (v) disturb, disqualify, displace, disorder, disincline, disarrange disposition: (n) attitude, character, disposal, tendency, predisposition, inclination, propensity, bias, arrangement, direction, aptitude dispute: (adj, n, v) quarrel, debate, question; (n) conflict, difference; (n, v) argue, wrangle, row, fight, squabble; (v) discuss. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, understanding,

162 accord, concord; (v) surrender, concede, concur, confess, support, accept distemper: (n, v) tempera, tumult; (n) disease, ailment, malady, paint, coloring matter, stain, complaint; (v) water glass, fresco distraction: (adj, n) desperation, raving; (n) beguilement, pastime, diversion, confusion, entertainment, disturbance, daze, recreation; (adj) madness. ANTONYMS: (n) fascination, attentiveness, attention, noninterference, calmness, concentration divers: (adj, v) sundry, various, separate; (adj) several, many, diverse, miscellaneous, not a few, varied; (v) diversified; (n) diver divine: (adj) sacred, wonderful, blessed, holy, exquisite; (n) clergyman; (v) guess, conjecture, augur, anticipate; (adj, n) almighty. ANTONYMS: (adj) imperfect, profane, earthly, dreadful, physical, ugly, secular divorce: (v) detach, disunite, separate, break up, divide, isolate, disjoin, disjoint; (n) separation, divorcement; (n, v) rupture. ANTONYMS: (n) wedding, union; (v) unite, associate, espouse, join, marry doctrine: (n) creed, philosophy, belief, dogma, credo, conviction, lesson, canon, faith, gospel, school doing: (n) act, do, deed, making, performance, execution, perpetration, acting; (v) to make, to do; (adj) current. ANTONYM: (n) failure doings: (n) conduct, behavior, behaviour, deportment, demeanour, proceeding, episode, traffic; (v) act, deed, job doleful: (adj) mournful, sorrowful, sad, disconsolate, melancholy, miserable, piteous, dolorous, somber, woeful; (adj, v) dolesome. ANTONYMS: (adj) gleeful, happy, glad, cheery, elated, euphoric dolour: (n) heartbreak, woe, grief, brokenheartedness, anguish, ache done: (adj, adv) finished, ended; (adj) complete, completed, over, made, gone, accomplished, concluded, through, cooked. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, disapproved, incomplete, rare, raw, rejected, uncooked, undone, unfulfilled, unsanctioned door: (n) threshold, mouth, entrance, doorway, entry, opening, access,

The Winter's Tale entryway, way out, portal, hatch. ANTONYM: (n) entrance double: (adj, n) twin; (adj) dual, duple, twofold; (v) fold, bend, geminate; (adj, v) reduplicate; (n) substitute, mate, image. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) single; (v) decrease, divide, halve; (adj) multivalent, univalent, lone doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question, query, dispute; (n) disbelief, misgiving, incertitude, apprehension, uncertainty; (adj, n) skepticism; (v) suspect. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, belief, certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept, believe, consider, swallow downright: (adj, n) absolute; (adj, v) sheer, clear; (adj) dead, blunt, candid, plain; (adv) absolutely, thoroughly, wholly, decidedly. ANTONYMS: (adj) semi, limited, incomplete, questionable, slight; (adv) hardly doxy: (n) mistress, concubine, paramour, courtesan, faith, bona roba, Chere Amie, odalisque drab: (adj) dreary, gloomy, dingy, cheerless, somber, boring, dowdy, dark, colorless, dull, depressing. ANTONYMS: (adj) colorful, vivid, brilliant, chic, flashy, interesting, cheerful, distinctive, smart, strong drag: (v) attract, draw, lug, cart, heave, tow; (n, v) pull, puff; (adv, v) trail; (n) bother; (adj) dragging. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure; (v) hasten, hurry, shove, speed, rush, propel, fly dram: (n) drachma, nip, ankus, spot, dynamic random access memory, snifter, blast, apothecaries' weight; (n, v) potion; (v) drench, swill draught: (n, v) draft, sketch, design, potation, plan; (n) dose, air current, wind, gulp, outline; (v) blueprint draw: (n, v) drag, pull, delineate, tie, design, puff; (v) depict, describe, derive, bring; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, deposit, shove, shorten, thrust, cut, curtail, contract, alienate; (n) repulsion, win drawn: (adj) careworn, worn, drew, pinched, gaunt, taut, tired, cadaverous, thin, tense, withdraw. ANTONYMS: (adj) rested, robust, refreshed, hale, fresh, vigorous, carefree dread: (n, v) apprehension, fear, panic; (n) anxiety, awe, consternation, alarm, trepidation,

dismay, foreboding, terror. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleasing, welcomed, pleasant; (v) welcome, want; (n) reassurance, fearlessness, confidence, security, ease, calm dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming, atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair dream: (n) aspiration, ambition, reverie, desire, fantasy, figment, nightmare; (n, v) vision, sleep; (v) muse, imagine. ANTONYMS: (n) alertness, nightmare drew: (n) move, John Drew drink: (n, v) beverage, draught, swallow; (n) alcohol, brew, potion, intoxicant; (v) booze, carouse, bib, swig. ANTONYMS: (v) regurgitate, sip, abstain drinks: (n) refreshments, food and drink driven: (v) drive, impel, operate, propel; (adj) impelled, compulsive, motivated, involuntary, dynamic, successful; (n) drove drop: (n, v) decline, dribble, deposit, decrease, jump, ebb; (adj, n, v) collapse; (v) droop, sink, cast, drip. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase; (v) lift, pour, sharpen, raise, recuperate; (n) growth, mass, lot, upswing, elevation drops: (n) tear drown: (v) drench, submerge, overwhelm, choke, engulf, flood, swamp, inundate, suffocate, asphyxiate; (adj, n, v) sink. ANTONYMS: (v) float, swim, amplify, dry drunk: (adj) tipsy, wet, tight, blotto, drunken, inebriated; (adj, n) inebriate; (n) boozer, dipsomaniac, drunkard, drinker. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, clearheaded; (n) teetotaler duck: (adj, n, v) plunge; (v) douse, dodge, dive, evade, circumvent, bob, shirk; (adj, n) darling; (adj, v) souse; (n) canvas. ANTONYMS: (v) confront, rise, jump, meet, accept; (n) drake dull: (adj) dreary, dense, sluggish, dismal, slack, torpid; (adj, v) blunt, stupid; (v) deaden, dampen; (adj, n) cold. ANTONYMS: (adj) lively, sharp, stimulating, exciting, lustrous, interesting, exhilarating,

William Shakespeare varied, glossy, glittery, luminous dumbness: (n) denseness, mutism, density, stupidity, speechlessness, muteness, ignorance, compactness, concentration dungy: (adj) filthy dust: (v) sprinkle, clean, spray, wipe, spread; (n) dirt, earth, relics, grit, remains, soil. ANTONYMS: (n) newness; (v) dirty duty: (n) function, commitment, obligation, chore, assignment, office, dues, job, responsibility, must; (n, v) charge. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, option dwelling: (n) domicile, home, residence, house, place, accommodation, address, building, lodge, habitation; (adj, n) dwell dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth each: (adv) apiece, either, individually; (adj) every, various, singular; (adj, det) any; (n) anyone, an, anybody, everyone earnest: (adj, v) devout; (adj) eager, solemn, heartfelt, diligent, studious, sincere, intense, ardent, staid; (n) guarantee. ANTONYMS: (adj) flippant, halfhearted, uncertain, insincere, unimportant, nonchalant, lethargic, apathetic, unenthusiastic, indifferent, frivolous earnestly: (adj, adv) seriously; (adv) eagerly, intently, zealously, solemnly, ardently, fervently, heartily, gravely, warmly, passionately. ANTONYMS: (adv) indifferently, insincerely, unconcernedly, jokingly ears: (n) antenna earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, creation, ball, country easily: (adv) lightly, smoothly, facilely, fluently, readily, plainly, comfortably, uncomplicatedly, calmly, slowly, conveniently. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, unquestionably, laboriously, difficultly, barely, arduously, affectedly, inconveniently, seriously, formally east: (n) orient, e, Levant, easting, east side, EST, cardinal compass point; (adj) eastern; (adv) eastwards. ANTONYM: (adj) west

easy: (adj) convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, at ease, light, lenient, clear, contented, cozy; (adj, adv) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj) arduous, laborious, demanding, hard, strenuous, particular, burdensome, tough, uneasy, awkward, testing eaten: (v) eat eating: (n) ingestion, intake, feeding, browsing, banqueting, food, lunching, supping, pica, repletion; (v) eat e'er: (adv) ever, forever effect: (n, prep) consequence; (v) accomplish, achieve, bring about, create, complete, cause, do; (n) product, sequel; (n, v) result. ANTONYMS: (n) reason, cause; (v) impede, fail effects: (n) goods, property, stuff, chattels, gear, effect, possessions, personal effects, commodity, baggage, special effects eggs: (n) seed, ball, ballock, roe, bollock either: (adj) whatever; (adv) too, also, neither, besides, likewise; (n) or; (det) any; (conj) other elder: (adj) older, big, adult; (n) dean, doyen, patriarch, ancient, boss, elderberry, superior, presbyter. ANTONYMS: (n) youngster, minor, child, inferior; (adj) youngest, younger, little eldest: (adj) elder, older, oldest, eigne; (n) offspring, progeny, doyen elevated: (adj) exalted, towering, noble, lofty, grand, great, majestic, tall, elated, magnanimous; (adj, v) steep. ANTONYMS: (adj) base, lowly, decreased, humble, inferior, lessened, low, sunken, undignified, lowered else: (adv) besides, yet, to boot, in addition, moreover; (pron) another; (n) or; (adj) different, other, further, additional embrace: (v) comprise, adopt, comprehend, contain, admit, espouse, include; (n, v) clasp, hug, grip, bosom. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, exclude, spurn, shun, renounce, release, loose, disbelieve embraced: (adj) popular embracing: (n) embrace, hugging, kissing, taking on, implementation, espousal, clutches; (adj) twining, osculant, grasping, close emperor: (n) sovereign, ruler, monarch, imperator, mikado, king, Saturnia pavonia, crowned head,

163 emperors, protector, saturniid employ: (v) use, apply, exploit, consume, wield, hire, engage, exercise, work, busy, utilize. ANTONYMS: (v) fire, dismiss, can, ignore, misuse, sack, underuse; (n) unemployment enclosed: (adj) surrounded, bounded, covered, limited, encircled, enveloped, besieged, closed, controlled; (v) contain; (adv) herewith. ANTONYMS: (adj) exposed, open, pervasive, outdoor encounter: (n) collision, conflict, battle, action, confrontation, brush; (n, v) combat, contest, rencounter; (v) confront, face. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, surrender, evade, avoid, yield; (n) shunning, avoidance, withdrawal encourage: (v) abet, advance, comfort, urge, promote, foster, further, aid, boost, advocate; (adj, v) back. ANTONYMS: (v) dishearten, prevent, deter, hurt, obstruct, stop, dampen, hinder, aggravate, bully, constrain ended: (adj) concluded, finished, over, done, completed, closed, through, terminated, consummate, all over; (adj, v) past ends: (n) tops, crook, band, bend, bind, limits, clippings, curve, trimmings, boundaries endure: (adj, n, v) continue, support; (n, v) bear, suffer, stand, be; (v) accept, undergo, allow, stay, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) perish, die, break, fall, discontinue, crumble, end, enjoy, resign, quit, collapse enduring: (adj) durable, abiding, lasting, permanent, continuing, constant, hardy, immortal, eternal, stable; (adv) enduringly. ANTONYMS: (adj) impatient, transient, fleeting, mortal, modern, insubstantial, inconstant, fickle, erratic, unstable enemy: (n) antagonist, opponent, foe, opposition, competitor, enmity, assailant, foeman, hostile, besieger; (adj, n) rival. ANTONYMS: (n) ally, friend, supporter, benefactor, defender, fan enjoin: (v) command, dictate, direct, instruct, tell, charge, require, forbid, disallow, impose, order. ANTONYMS: (v) acquiesce, yield, submit, permit, request, let, comply, agree, allow, obey enjoy: (v) hold, have, relish, bask,

164 appreciate, own, rejoice, revel, love, experience; (adj, v) like. ANTONYMS: (v) need, suffer, loathe, lack, hate, detest, despise, want enough: (adj) ample, adequate, competent, decent; (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fill; (adv) rather, amply, adequately; (adv, n) plenty. ANTONYMS: (adj) insufficient, deficient, wanting, scant; (adv) insufficiently, inadequately; (n) insufficiency, deficiency, inadequacy, shortage enrolled: (adj) listed, conscript enter: (v) enroll, embark, chronicle, book, record, input, arrive, come, pierce, register, penetrate. ANTONYMS: (v) depart, exit, delete, stop, refrain, erase, egress, abstain, cancel, exclude, disembark entertain: (v) amuse, delight, bear, cherish, beguile, admit, accommodate, harbor, hold, distract; (n, v) interest. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore, banish, forget, tire, displease entertainment: (n) distraction, diversion, enjoyment, show, pleasure, recreation, fun, reception, pastime; (adj, n) party; (n, v) regalement. ANTONYMS: (n) job, boredom, discomfort enthralled: (adj) charmed, spellbound, fascinated, absorbed, rapt, enslaved, engrossed, delighted, beguiled, bond, enchanted entrance: (v) enchant, charm, captivate, bewitch, enrapture; (n) access, entry, admittance, threshold, arrival, door. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, egress, egression, exiting, exclusion, retirement; (v) bore, repel, repulse entreat: (v) beg, beseech, ask, implore, pray, adjure, appeal, request, conjure, crave, bid. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, reject entreaty: (n) plea, prayer, request, petition, adjuration, supplication, suit, demand, desire, invocation; (v) solicitation equal: (v) compare, equalize, equate; (adj, v) agree, correspond, even, equivalent; (adj) comparable; (n) compeer; (adj, n, v) rival, parallel. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, repressive, uneven, disproportionate, inconsistent, unlike, dissimilar, discriminating, diverse; (v) differ, disproportion errand: (n) chore, mission, job, task,

The Winter's Tale assignment, embassy, duty, charge, messenger, communication, work escape: (v) elude, avoid, evade, circumvent, bolt; (n, v) break, dodge, leak, run; (n) avoidance, evasion. ANTONYMS: (n, v) return; (v) remain, catch, stay, face, block, attend; (n) incarceration, imprisonment, endurance, abidance estate: (n) land, order, demesne, rank, domain, property, acres, substance, state, asset, assets esteem: (n) deference, admiration; (n, v) respect, value, consideration, account; (v) appreciate, deem, adore, admire, count. ANTONYMS: (v) scorn, hate, disdain, insult, despise, abominate, abhor, dislike, reject; (n) disesteem, disapproval eternal: (adj) constant, perpetual, ceaseless, everlasting, lasting, continual, aeonian, immortal, boundless, deathless, enduring. ANTONYMS: (adj) mortal, finite, brief, ephemeral, fleeting, terminable, ending, fragile, inconstant eternity: (n) aeon, afterlife, forever, perpetuity, timelessness, endlessness, everlasting, endless time, everlastingness, everness, existence. ANTONYMS: (n) finiteness, impermanence europe: (n) Io, Europa, EC, Eleusine indica, goose grass, silverweed, wild strawberry, wild hop, starry saxifrage, star saxifrage, east Asia event: (n) effect, case, consequence, occurrence, incident, result, contingency, product, fact, happening, circumstance. ANTONYM: (n) insignificancy ever: (adj, adv) always, continually; (adj) constantly, still, forever; (adv) never, e'er, before, once, perpetually; (n) Evers. ANTONYM: (adv) erratically every: (adj) each, total, whole, any, thorough; (n) everybody, everyone, everything; (adv) apiece, either; (pron) every one evils: (n) mala example: (n) exemplar, illustration, instance, sample, lead, paradigm, prototype, pattern, design, guide, precedent excellent: (adj, n) estimable, worthy, capital; (adj) superior, admirable, beautiful, distinctive, superb, great, good, splendid. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, abysmal, awful, mediocre, terrible, imperfect, inadequate,

middling, shoddy, bad, used exchange: (n, v) barter, interchange, swap, counterchange, switch, substitute; (n) commutation; (v) commute, alternate, alter, convert. ANTONYMS: (n) holding, keeping; (v) keep excrement: (adj, n) faeces; (n) dirt, evacuation, excretion, dung, ordure, excreta, urine, body waste, droppings; (adj) feces excuse: (n, v) pardon, palliate; (v) absolve, exculpate, condone, acquit, justify, forgive; (n) alibi, pretext, evasion. ANTONYMS: (v) blame, accuse, chide, discipline, include, reprimand, castigate; (n) accusation execute: (v) do, achieve, complete, perform, accomplish, act, effect, carry out, enforce, make, fulfill. ANTONYMS: (v) abandon, ignore, disregard, Miss, forget, shirk, revive execution: (n) accomplishment, achievement, enforcement, implementation, effect, action, carrying out, executing, discharge, death penalty, capital punishment. ANTONYM: (n) omission exercise: (n, v) employ, practice, use, discipline; (v) apply, train, exert; (n) employment, application, play, movement. ANTONYMS: (n) avoid, idleness, inactiveness, inactivity, work; (v) ignore, neglect, overlook, perform, conserve exercises: (n) military exercises, athletics expect: (v) assume, anticipate, demand, understand, hope, think, suppose, calculate, await, abide, conceive. ANTONYMS: (v) fear, despair expedition: (n) dispatch, travel, celerity, speed, haste, readiness, quest, tour; (n, v) campaign, journey, crusade. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, procrastination, slowing expose: (v) endanger, exhibit, betray, detect, display, air, uncover, debunk, denude, unfold, divulge. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, cover, enclose, suppress, shield, shelter, insulate, hide, guard, drape express: (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial; (n, v) declare; (v) demonstrate, convey, articulate, display, mean. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, retain; (adj) vague, slow, unexpressed, roundabout, unsaid, uncertain, indirect; (n) local extempore: (adj) extemporary, offhanded, offhand, at short notice,

William Shakespeare improvised, unprepared; (adj, adv) impromptu, ad-lib; (adv) extemporaneously, extemporarily, without preparation extended: (adj) broad, expanded, ample, extensive, wide, long, protracted, lengthened, prolonged, elongated, enlarged. ANTONYMS: (adj) brief, unextended, condensed, contracted, shortened, reduced, narrow, partial, abridged, abbreviated, tiny extraordinary: (adj) odd, exceptional, curious, rare, special, phenomenal, amazing, astonishing, unusual, strange, abnormal. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, everyday, usual, common, mundane, regular, undistinguished, unremarkable, insignificant, natural extremes: (n) excess; (adv) overboard extremity: (n) end, member, boundary, bound, close, appendage, limit, limb, ending, fringe, conclusion. ANTONYMS: (n) trunk, average, minimum, head, leniency eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen fabric: (n) composition, cloth, construction, material, framework, fiber, performance, anatomy; (n, v) edifice, building, structure face: (adj, n, v) front; (v) confront, audacity; (n, v) look, aspect, top; (n) side, expression, countenance, exterior, facade. ANTONYMS: (n, v) back; (n) timidity, nobody, underside, shyness, rear; (v) evade, elude, hide, withdraw, submit fact: (n) event, detail, truth, particular, reality, point, thing, occurrence, experience, actuality; (n, v) deed. ANTONYMS: (n) guesswork, fallacy, conjecture, report, falsehood, fiction, concept, fabrication, fantasy, illusion, lie fail: (adj, v) fade, decline, cease; (v) abort, die, break, bust, want, disappoint, deteriorate, default. ANTONYMS: (v) succeed, triumph, win, thrive, procure, accomplish, achieve, attain, boom, complete, continue fain: (adj) willing, prepared, ready, favorable, heart and soul, prone; (adv) gladly, lief, readily, willingly; (v) optative fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet, reasonable, dispassionate, average, fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj, adv) clean; (n) blonde. ANTONYMS: (adj) biased, unjust,

exceptional, dark, partial, mismatched, unwarranted, foul, imbalanced, prejudiced, poor fairly: (adj, adv) justly; (adv) moderately, honestly, completely, purely, impartially, somewhat, righteously, lightly, rightly, squarely. ANTONYMS: (adv) unjustly, extremely, subjectively, very, dishonestly, unreasonably, completely, entirely, unlawfully, excessively, wholly faith: (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, creed, assurance, cult, expectation, dependence. ANTONYMS: (n) disbelief, distrust, dubiosity, skepticism, despair, uncertainty, doubt, independence falcon: (n) caracara, thug, freebooter, mosstrooper, peregrine falcon, harpy, Merlin, land shark, shark, hobby, dacoit fall: (n, v) decline, dip, rain, decrease, plunge, dive; (n) downfall, descent, autumn; (v) descend, sink. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase, win, climb, triumph; (n) ascent, improvement, rising; (v) ascend, advance, conquer, elevate false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, dishonest, erroneous, sham, assumed, artificial, fictitious, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, honesty, reality famous: (adj) celebrated, splendid, distinguished, renowned, illustrious, famed, capital, prominent, well-known, fine, stunning. ANTONYMS: (adj) infamous, ordinary, anonymous, insignificant, obscure, inglorious, undistinguished fancy: (n, v) desire, fantasy, caprice, dream, wish, daydream; (v) imagine, consider; (adj, v) conceive; (n) conception, conceit. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, certainty, actuality, conviction; (adj) unadorned, common; (v) hate, demonstrate, detest, disapprove, test fantastical: (adj, v) fanciful; (adj) antic, chimerical, unusual, beautiful, unreal, strange, grotesque, odd,

165 extraordinary; (v) fancy fardel: (n) weight, load, encumbrance, freight, haycock, stack, impedimenta, incumbrance, onus, sheaf, shock fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop farthest: (adj) ultimate, extreme, farthermost, utmost, uttermost, last, furthermost, endmost, greatest, most distant; (adj, adv) remotest. ANTONYMS: (adv) closest, nearest fashion: (n) mode, craze, fad, manner, method, way; (n, v) cut, construct, style; (v) contrive, make. ANTONYM: (v) destroy fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v) gorge, eat faster: (adv) sooner, fleet, swift, quick, express, earlier fatal: (adj) deadly, pestilent, lethal, disastrous, destructive, dangerous, deathly, fateful, murderous, critical; (adj, v) mortal. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmless, nourishing, healthful, benign, uncritical, mild fate: (n, v) doom; (n) chance, luck, fatality, fortune, kismet, allotment, portion, lot; (v) destine, designate. ANTONYMS: (n) will, design, choice, accident, chance father: (n) dad, begetter, creator, abba, patriarch, beginner, founder, padre; (n, v) sire; (v) engender, generate. ANTONYMS: (n) disciple, follower fathom: (n, v) plumb; (v) penetrate, discern, bottom, understand, comprehend, know, make out, measure; (n) probe, gauge. ANTONYMS: (v) confuse, misunderstand, Miss fault: (adj, n, v) deficiency; (n) error, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, blunder; (adj, n) failing, blemish; (n, v) blame, crime. ANTONYMS: (n) strength, virtue, capability, innocence, perfection, credit, ease; (v) praise, absolve favour: (n) relief, goodness, assistance, office, favoritism, benignity; (v) choose, prefer, privilege, facilitate, approve fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright,

166 consternation, care, anguish; (n, v) apprehension, doubt, concern, reverence. ANTONYMS: (n) fearlessness, reassurance, confidence, courage, valor, calm, boldness, security, equanimity, peace; (v) brave fearful: (adj, n) afraid; (adj, v) dreadful, cowardly; (adj) terrible, apprehensive, awful, timid, anxious, craven, frightful, eerie. ANTONYMS: (adj) rational, calm, confident, bold, unimpressed, charming, fearless, courageous, reassuring, unafraid, wonderful fears: (n) worries, uncertainties, doubts, qualms, misgivings feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, starve; (n) snack feasting: (n) carnival, eating feat: (n) deed, accomplishment, achievement, act, effort, performance, action, triumph, attainment, trick; (adj) fetis . ANTONYM: (n) inaction feather: (n) pen, feathering, pinion, nib, plumage, quill, kind, spline; (n, v) plume; (adj, n, v) fringe; (v) fledge featly: (adv) fetisely; (adj, adv) neatly; (n) feat; (adj) tripping feeding: (n) alimentation, eating, nourishment, grazing, dining, browsing, feed supply, banqueting, supplying, ingestion, intake feel: (v) experience, finger, handle, consider, find; (n, v) sense, sound; (n) feeling, texture, atmosphere, air. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, doubt, question, mistrust, ignore, disregard, disbelieve, challenge feeling: (n) affection, feel, emotion, sensitivity, mood, hunch, opinion, belief, impression, atmosphere; (adj, n) sentiment. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, overtone, insensibility, certainty, insensitivity, hatred, trust; (adj) unfeeling fellow: (adj, n) comrade, associate; (n) boy, equal, brother, peer, chap, colleague, compeer, buddy; (adj, n, v) concomitant. ANTONYMS: (n) female, woman, girl, foe, enemy, antagonist, competitor fellows: (n) fellow, membership, faculty female: (n) woman, girl, she, wife, hen, spouse, squaw; (adj) feminine, distaff, pistillate, not male. ANTONYMS: (adj) masculine,

The Winter's Tale manly, androgynous, manlike; (n) man, boy fertile: (adj) productive, fat, fecund, abundant, fruitful, exuberant, copious, affluent, bountiful, generous; (adj, v) creative. ANTONYMS: (adj) sterile, unproductive, barren, fruitless, arid, impotent, withering festival: (n) feast, carnival, fair, celebration, festivity, holiday, fte, jubilee, fiesta, party; (n, v) fete fetch: (v) carry, bring, bring in, convey, draw, elicit, deliver, catch, get, attract; (adj, n) feint fifty: (adj, n) l; (n) half a hundred, fifty dollar bill, cubic decimeter, cubic decimetre fight: (n, v) battle, dispute, contest, quarrel, engagement, feud, squabble, argue, struggle, clash; (adj, n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) withdrawal, retreat; (n) fear, surrender, agreement; (v) compromise, favor, submit fighter: (n) champion, warrior, soldier, belligerent, battler, boxer, brawler, pugilist, defender, gladiator, militant fill: (v) block, clog, stuff, line, charge, execute, accomplish, complete, brim, fulfill; (n) crowd. ANTONYMS: (v) empty, free, deplete, unpack, unload, notch, deflate, desert find: (v) catch, detect, encounter, come across, feel, attain, ascertain; (n) detection, disclosure, search, discovery. ANTONYMS: (v) misplace, search, fail; (n) loss findings: (n) detection, discovery, conclusion, literature, intelligence, indictment, answer fine: (adj) delicate, dainty, agreeable, nice, thin, elegant, capital, excellent, brave; (n) penalty; (v) punish. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, thick, wide, coarse, unsatisfactory, substantial, wretched, unpleasant, unimpressive, dark, cloudy finer: (adj) superior, advanced, bigger, higher, more, greater fire: (v) eject, dismiss, kindle, ignite; (n, v) discharge, blaze, flame, explode; (n) ardor, conflagration, fervor. ANTONYMS: (v) hire, defuse, deflate, employ, dampen, detain; (n) laziness firmament: (n) sphere, welkin, heaven, heavens, celestial sphere, expanse, arena, field, vault of heaven, domain, area fish: (n) bird, eel, fishing, Pisces,

anchovy, chondrichthian, alewife, shellfish; (v) seek, hunt, pursue fits: (v) epilepsy, bustle, racket, fuss, hubbub, megrims, rout, subsultus, staggers fitting: (n) adaptation, adjustment, appointment; (adj) apt, appropriate, applicable, felicitous, just, decorous, becoming, suitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) improper, wrong, incompatible, inconvenient, undue, unfit, unsatisfactory, unseemly, unsuitable five: (n) fives, quintuplet, quint, Phoebe, basketball team, fin, squad, ace, digit; (adj, n) v; (adj) quinary fixture: (n) installation, device, fixing, attachment, competition, match, clamping plate, fixity, equipment, appliance; (adj) establishment flatness: (n) dullness, monotony, plain, flat, tedium, sameness, insipidness, tediousness, platitude, smoothing, smooth. ANTONYM: (n) unevenness flesh: (adj) carnality, concupiscence; (n) mortality, beef, form, figure, frame, person, mankind, humanity, meat flight: (adj, n) herd, flying, bevy, drove; (n) escape, run, exodus, evasion, elopement, departure; (n, v) avolation flock: (n, v) crowd, cluster, pack, mass; (adj, n) bevy; (adj, n, v) swarm; (n) band, horde, congregation, herd; (v) assemble. ANTONYM: (v) disperse flow: (n, v) stream, course, flux, surge, run, jet; (n) current, discharge; (v) float, emanate, well. ANTONYMS: (n) drought; (v) trickle flowers: (n) analecta, anthology follow: (v) chase, adopt, adhere, succeed, accompany, abide by, comprehend, ensue, track; (adj, v) catch, grasp. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, lead, head, disobey, deny, ignore, misunderstand, predate, exceed, defy, break followers: (n) adherents, people, entourage, claque, faithful, disciples, supporters, multitude, attendants, support, suite folly: (n) fatuity, foolishness, silliness, tomfoolery, nonsense, stupidity, craziness, density, freak; (adj, n) irrationality, trifling. ANTONYM: (n) sense fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous,

William Shakespeare delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown, idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. ANTONYM: (n) savant foolery: (n) folly, tomfoolery, foolishness, buffoonery, clowning, inanity, romp, gambol, frolic, imbecility, lunacy foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, rational, mature, judicious foot: (n) base, feet, foundation, footing, pes, paw, basis, leg, measure; (v) hoof, pay. ANTONYMS: (v) owe; (n) head footing: (n) foothold, base, bottom, foundation, status, rank, foot, pedestal, situation, relation, root. ANTONYM: (n) top footman: (n) attendant, butler, follower, flunkey, flunky, varlet, servitor, valet de chambre, boy, knave; (n, v) lackey footpath: (n) track, walk, path, trail, sidewalk, footway, walkway, trottoir, way, lane, pavement forbid: (v) prohibit, ban, disallow, bar, obstruct, exclude, deny, avert, frustrate, to prohibit, enjoin. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, let, approve, authorize, stand force: (n, v) drive, squeeze, pressure, thrust; (n) energy, strength, agency; (v) coerce, push, press, compel. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, ineffectiveness, inertia, apathy, moderation; (v) request, wheedle, pull, push, restrain, prevent forced: (adj) compelled, bound, constrained, artificial, involuntary, unnatural, forcible, farfetched, strained, obligatory, labored. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary, natural, genuine, willing, optional forceful: (adj) strenuous, emphatic, dynamic, effective, pithy, cogent, active, energetic, strong, insistent, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconvincing, mild, lightweight, feeble, retiring, lethargic, lackluster, forceless, calm, gentle, timid forcing: (adj) pressing, constraining, penetrating, compulsatory; (n) push fore: (adv) ahead, before; (adj, adv)

forward; (n) bow, head, forefront, stem; (adj, n) front; (adj) anterior, foremost, frontal. ANTONYMS: (adv) aft, behind, rear; (adj) back forehead: (n) brow, front, foreland, lineament, mut, phiz, physiognomy, visage, eyebrow, skull; (adv) foremost forfend: (v) prevent, avert, rule out, preclude, obviate, forbid, fend, deter, prohibit forget: (v) leave, miss, blank out, bury, to forget, overlook, neglect, ignore, fail, unlearn, abandon. ANTONYMS: (v) mind, attend forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, castigate forgiven: (v) conciliatory, placable forgiveness: (n) mercy, condonation, clemency, kindness, pity, remission, leniency, absolution, grace, compassion; (n, v) pardon. ANTONYMS: (n) condemnation, cruelty, harshness former: (adj) previous, antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, prior, foregoing, original, deceased, past; (adv) formerly. ANTONYMS: (adj) future, last, next, current, following, present, subsequent, later; (n) latter formerly: (adv) already, previously, earlier, lately, originally, anciently, aforetime, first, erstwhile, at one time, once. ANTONYMS: (adv) afterward, lastly, later, now forth: (adv) away, along, onward, ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under way fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) design fortunes: (n) adventures, fortune, personal narrative, life, journal forty: (adj, n) XL; (n) two score, forties; (adj) twoscore forward: (adj, prep) bold; (adj, adv) onward; (adj) audacious; (adj, n, v) promote; (v) expedite, dispatch; (adv) fore, along, ahead; (adv, n, v) further; (adj, adv, n) early. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) backward; (adj) posterior, timid, reverse, abashed, late, formal; (adv) behind, rearward, back, aft foul: (adj, v) nasty, base, corrupt, coarse; (adj) filthy, disgusting, evil, unclean, putrid; (n, v) defile, soil.

167 ANTONYMS: (adj, v) clean, pure; (adj) pleasant, fair, inoffensive, humane, attractive, honest, pleasing, fragrant; (v) unclog found: (v) erect, build, base, form, construct, constitute, appoint, institute, set up, create, ground. ANTONYMS: (v) abolish, disband; (adj) lost foundations: (n) fundamentals, foundation, practicalities, brass tacks, details four: (n) quaternary, foursome, tetrad, quaternion, quadruplet, square, quarter, quad, air, age of man; (adj, n) IV fourteen: (adj, n) XIV frame: (n, v) construct, design, fabricate, make, fashion, border, build, forge; (v) draft, erect, contrive fraught: (v) replete; (adj) pregnant, laden, frantic, anxious, worried, distressed, filled, plenary, charged, distracted. ANTONYMS: (adj) relaxed, carefree, devoid, calm free: (adj, v) exempt, liberate, discharge; (adj, adv, v) loose; (v) excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, ease; (adj, n) frank; (adj) liberal. ANTONYMS: (adj) restricted, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, confined, tangled, compelled, dependent; (v) confine freedom: (adj, n) franchise, immunity; (n) deliverance, autonomy, release, discharge, emancipation, escape, liberty, right; (adj) frankness. ANTONYMS: (n) imprisonment, restriction, captivity, suppression, dependence, restraint, capture, chance, conformity, inclusion freely: (adv) loosely, frankly, openly, generously, independently, gratuitously, voluntarily, liberally, free, sparely; (adj, adv) spontaneously. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, deceitfully, accurately, meagerly, parsimoniously, secretly, stingily, unwillingly; (adj) restricted frequent: (adj, v) customary, usual, ordinary, incessant; (adj) everyday, many, familiar, continual, habitual; (v) patronize, haunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) infrequent, occasional, intermittent, spasmodic, unusual, few; (v) shun, boycott, avoid fresh: (adj) clean, bracing, novel, bright, recent, original, airy, bold, pure, green; (adj, v) brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) stale, decayed,

168 hot, tired, worn, rotten, off, musty, muggy, humid, exhausted friend: (adj, n) associate, comrade, companion, fellow, ally; (n) acquaintance, colleague, boyfriend, crony, brother, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, rival, nemesis, adversary, antagonist friendly: (adj, n) favorable; (adj) amiable, affectionate, decent, goodnatured, kind, convivial, companionable, benevolent, amicable; (adj, adv) comradely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfriendly, distant, disagreeable, aggressive, aloof, formal, frosty, belligerent, curt, reserved, impersonal friends: (n) circle, associates, connections, links, support group, acquaintances friendship: (n) association, familiarity, affection, companionship, friendliness, intimacy, company, attachment, relationship; (n, v) amity, concord. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, animosity, antagonism, conflict, formality, rivalry, hatred, detachment, distance, isolation fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, horror, consternation, apprehension. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, courage, confidence, security frisk: (v) caper, cavort, frolic, skip, bound, search; (n, v) play, romp, leap, Fisk; (n) prance front: (v) confront, look; (n) countenance, forefront, appearance, facade, forehead, frontage; (adj, n) head; (n, v) disguise; (adj) fore. ANTONYMS: (adj, n, v) back; (adj, n) end; (adj) posterior; (v) follow froth: (n, v) bubble, spume, fizz, suds, sparkle; (v) boil, effervesce, ferment; (n) effervescence, bubbles, spindrift frown: (adj, v) lower; (adj, n) scowl; (n, v) pout, grimace, glower, glare; (adj) black looks, gloam, glout; (v) sulk, gnash. ANTONYM: (v) approve fulfil: (v) complete, finish, accomplish, do, appease, carry out, execute, carry through, satisfy, perform, fill fulfilled: (adj) complete, finished, done, satisfied, accomplished, completed, whole, delighted, concluded, happy, full of pride. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, unfulfilled, frustrated, ashamed, dissatisfied

The Winter's Tale full: (adj, n) complete, absolute, entire; (adj) abundant, flush, broad, extensive, ample, total, enough; (adj, adv, n) crowded. ANTONYMS: (adj) lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, thin, deserted, partial, restricted, weak; (v) wane function: (n) position, office, service, role, place, agency, application; (n, v) work, exercise; (v) run, serve. ANTONYMS: (v) stop; (n) uselessness further: (adj, adv) farther, more; (v) advance, encourage, foster, forward; (adj) extra, additional; (n, v) promote; (adv) again, also. ANTONYMS: (v) impede, thwart, discourage, damage, regress, deteriorate, prevent, hinder; (adj) near fury: (n) anger, exasperation, force, resentment, delirium, furor, frenzy, indignation, craze; (adj, n) wrath, ferocity. ANTONYMS: (n) composure, calmness, mildness, calm, pleasure, serenity future: (adj) unborn, prospective, coming, intended, to come, potential, impending, approaching; (n) hereafter, fate, time to come. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, earlier, near, nearby gain: (n, v) profit, benefit, win, catch, advance; (v) derive, earn, get, attain, reach; (n) earnings. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, deficit, disadvantage, setback; (n, v) decrease; (v) reduce, scatter, collapse gainsay: (v) disavow, negate, contradict, deny, refute, controvert, disclaim, impugn, oppose, contest, contravene. ANTONYMS: (v) agree, correspond gainsaying: (n) censure, contrary declaration, contumely, detraction, negation, obloquy, denial, calumny; (adj) negative, opposed gait: (n, v) pace, step, tread, footstep, rate, stride, action; (n) walk, carriage, movement, velocity gallant: (adj) fearless, brave, daring, courageous, chivalrous, bold, manly, heroic, dashing, courteous, fine. ANTONYMS: (adj) boorish, rude, selfish gallimaufry: (n) farrago, mash, medley, mingled yarn, miscellany, potpourri, salmagundi, olio, hotchpotch, sauce, omnium gatherum gallows: (n) gibbet, gallous, gallowsbitts, hanging, noose, scaffold,

halter, tree, rope, gallowstree, bough gambols: (n) behave, play, frolic, employment, disport, act, action, amusement game: (n) fun, amusement, entertainment, play, diversion, prey, quarry; (v) bet, wager, gamble; (adj) fearless. ANTONYMS: (adj) reticent, unwilling; (n) hunter gaoler: (n) keeper, screw, turnkey, warder, jailor, custos, custodian, lawman, guard, ass, ranger garden: (v) farm, cultivate, tend; (n) field, bed, plantation, orchard, grove, grounds, park; (adj) gardenly garment: (n, v) garb, apparel; (n) habiliment, habit, gown, vest, things, guise; (v) clothe, tog, raiment garments: (n) attire, clothing, dress, apparel, raiment, outfit, costume, garb, array, gear, anything worthless gasping: (adj) panting, winded, blown, out of breath, thirsty, pursy; (v) spavined, touched in the wind gates: (n) bill Gates gave: (v) deliver, allow, allot, provide, furnish, impart, administer; (n) gives gaze: (n, v) stare, regard, look, behold; (v) gape, see, contemplate, face, pry, view, glance. ANTONYMS: (v) glance, peek gazing: (adj) fixed geld: (adj, v) emasculate; (v) alter, neuter, agitate, expurgate, glib, spay, demasculinize generations: (n) generation, family gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep, sheer gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male, patrician, sir, adult male, esquire, sahib, gentlemen; (adj) gentilhomme, gentlemanly gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs gentlewoman: (n) lady, madam, dame, woman, noblewoman, doll, bird, adult female, noble, chick, ma'am gently: (adv) tenderly, slowly, mildly, soft, slow, kindly, delicately, softly, lightly, meekly, quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sharply, fiercely, forcefully, harshly, abruptly, violently, severely, roughly, intensely, meanly, heavily gentry: (n) aristocracy, gentility,

William Shakespeare gentlefolk, nobility, elite, peerage, squirearchy, second estate, society, upper class germane: (adj) appropriate, applicable, apt, relevant, related, pertinent, apropos, relative, proper, apposite; (n) happy. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrelated, inappropriate, irrelevant gesture: (n, v) sign, signal, motion; (n) beck, gesticulation, indication, movement; (v) gesticulate, beckon, wave, bless getting: (n) acquiring, reception, acquisition, attainment, contracting, appropriation, taking, reaching; (prep) receiving; (v) acquire, receive. ANTONYM: (n) rejection ghost: (n, v) apparition, specter; (n) shade, spirit, demon, soul, spook, spectre, goblin, appearance, monster gifts: (n) money, generosity, contributions, charity, caliber, aid, munificence, bounty. ANTONYM: (n) meanness give: (v) extend, commit, donate, endow, contribute, dispense, deliver, convey, grant; (adj, v) bestow, accord. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, take, withhold, retain, receive, keep, get, hide, conceal, starve, withstand given: (adj) apt, disposed, prone, specified, liable, inclined, granted, fixed, conditional; (n) assumption, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) taken, unwilling gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord giving: (n) endowment, donation, presentation, bestowal, disposal; (adj) liberal, generous, charitable, bighearted, big, humanitarian. ANTONYMS: (adj) nasty, tightfisted, malevolent, mean, stiff, stingy glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay, blithe, delighted, festive, content, delightful, genial, bright, willing. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, apologetic, dismayed, unwilling, disappointed, sorry gladly: (adv, v) happily; (adv) gleefully, contentedly, cheerfully, fain, joyfully, jovially, cheerily, delightedly, gladsomely, readily. ANTONYMS: (adv) reluctantly, unwillingly, sadly, resentfully, miserably glass: (n) bottle, drink, goblet, cup, drinking glass, spectacles, glasses, field glass, bowl; (v) glaze; (adj, n)

ice glib: (adj, v) voluble; (adj) facile, eloquent, slick, smooth, superficial, flippant, slippery, garrulous, persuasive, talkative. ANTONYMS: (adj) inarticulate, serious, halting, hesitant, reticent glistering: (adj) aglitter, fulgid, glinting, bright, sparkly, coruscant, effervescent, sparkling, brilliantly clever, scintillant, bubbling glove: (n) boxing glove, gloves, mitt, mitten, baseball mitt, baseball glove, handwear, wristband, sleeve, mittens, batting glove gloves: (n) gauntlet, mitten, mittens, gauntlets, scarf, ornament, handbag, belt, batting glove, boxing glove, baseball mitt goddess: (n) divinity, God, beauty, nymph; (adj, n) idol; (adj) duck, darling, angel, Dulcinea, ladylove, inamorata gods: (n) gallery going: (n) exit, leaving, parting, expiration, disappearance, action; (v) go, course, to go; (adj) working, running. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, Reunion gold: (n) Au, money, riches, wealth, bullion, treasure, yellow, amber; (adj) aureate, gilt, golden gone: (adj, prep) past; (adj) deceased, bygone, departed, desperate, lost, late; (adj, v) exhausted, extinct; (adj, adv) absent, away. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, remaining, found, alive goodly: (adv) benignly, kindly, strongly, rightly, graciously, virtuously, soundly, uprightly; (adj) sizable, handsome, respectable goodness: (adj, n) generosity, kindness, gentleness; (n) good, excellence, benefit, virtue, worth, morality; (adj) favor, beneficence. ANTONYMS: (n) evil, wickedness, badness, corruptness, bad, immorality, corruption gorge: (v) glut, devour, cram, fill, gobble, satiate, stuff; (n) abyss, cleft, esophagus, chasm. ANTONYMS: (v) nibble, fast; (n) hill grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, embellish, beautify, decorate, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, demean graceful: (adj) beautiful, delicate,

169 amiable, easy, fine, charming, fair, airy, becoming, lovely, lithe. ANTONYMS: (adj) inelegant, stocky, awkward, vigorous, jerky, ugly, stilted, heavy, coarse, strenuous gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor grain: (adj, n) crumb; (n) bit, berry, fragment, cereal, scrap, kernel, speck, atom, grist, character. ANTONYM: (n) lot grange: (n) farm, farmhouse, toft, hacienda, granary, messuage, tenement grant: (adj, v) bestow, allow, confer; (n, v) award, gift, boon; (v) concede, afford, admit, acknowledge; (adj, n, v) present. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, reject, refuse, maintain, prohibit, disagree, retrieve, take, withhold, withdraw grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v) engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, minor, insignificant, favorable graver: (v) style, denominate, entitle, fashion; (n) engraver, graving tool grazing: (n) pasturage, feeding, shaving, farming, Estancia, eating, skimming great: (adj) eminent, gigantic, big, distinguished, large, extensive, extreme, grand, chief, ample, massive. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, insignificant, tiny, mild, poor, minor, useless, ordinary, slight, weak, unknown greater: (adj) larger, more, major, higher, superior, most, great, bigger, increased, considerable, not inconsiderable. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, smaller, small, lower greatest: (adj) top, superlative, biggest, utmost, largest, extreme, first; (adj, n) maximum, most; (adj, v) paramount, supreme. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, secondary greatness: (n) excellence, dimension, dignity, bulk, size, enormousness, bigness, enormity, grandness, magnitude, fame. ANTONYMS: (n)

170 obscurity, austerity, commonness, mildness, moderation, simplicity greediness: (n) avarice, cupidity, covetousness, eagerness, gluttony, selfishness, avidity, miserliness, hunger, stinginess, voracity. ANTONYM: (n) moderation green: (adj) callow, immature, young, jealous, youthful, emerald, crude, juvenile, gullible, inexperienced; (adj, v) raw. ANTONYMS: (adj) ripe, urban, withering, sophisticated, seasoned, old, arid, mature, limp, artificial greet: (n, v) receive; (v) address, acknowledge, hail, welcome, cry, salute, bid, weep, meet, recognize greetings: (n) greeting, respects, compliments, consolation, regards, commend, good wishes, commendation, induction, draft grew: (v) become, develop; (adj) grown grief: (adj, n, v) affliction; (n) dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, wound, chagrin, concern; (n, v) regret; (adj) sore. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, happiness, comfort, content, peace grieve: (n, v) distress, aggrieve, afflict, sorrow, annoy; (v) trouble, lament, deplore, bemoan, fret, bewail. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, encourage gross: (adj) coarse, boorish, big, crude, fat, common, blunt, disgusting, bulky; (n) aggregate; (adj, v) foul. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, small, remaining, refined, tiny, partial, delicate, cultivated, chaste, sensitive; (v) lose ground: (n, v) base, land, floor; (v) found, establish; (adj, n, v) bottom; (n) earth, reason, field, soil, dirt. ANTONYMS: (n) sea, figure; (v) launch, top grow: (v) expand, advance, augment, enlarge, come, emerge, spring, become, farm, turn, get. ANTONYMS: (v) decrease, weaken, shrink, decline, drop, collapse, struggle, wane, plummet, dwindle, deteriorate growing: (n) development, growth; (adj, adv) increasing; (adj) flourishing, thriving, blossoming, expanding, swelling, progressive; (adj, n) developing; (v) grow. ANTONYMS: (adj) dwindling, decreasing, downward; (n) nondevelopment grown: (adj) mature, big, growed,

The Winter's Tale grown-up, developed, ripe, grownup, fully grown, full-grown, growth, become. ANTONYM: (adj) unripe growth: (n, v) increase, evolution, augmentation; (n) gain, accretion, enlargement, germination, accumulation, improvement, increment, rise. ANTONYMS: (n) weakening, reduction, decline, nondevelopment, shrinking, contraction, collapse, fall, loss, disappearance, retreat guard: (n) defense, protection, escort, bulwark, watchman, custody, fender; (n, v) care, shield, cover; (adj, n, v) ward. ANTONYMS: (v) endanger, expose, neglect, reveal; (n) attacker guarded: (adj) wary, careful, chary, circumspect, cagey, vigilant, watchful, conditional, discreet, gingerly, conservative. ANTONYMS: (adj) frank, careless, trusting, reckless, open, unwary, natural guess: (n, v) surmise, estimate, forecast; (v) suppose, deem, reckon, divine, believe, foretell; (n) assumption, supposition guest: (n) caller, visitor, customer, alien, foreigner, client, invite, foreign, company, guests, houseguest guests: (n) guest, visitors guiding: (adj) scouting, directive, leading, controlling, guidance, directional, guide, direction, management, steering, sovereign guilt: (n) sin, criminality, fault, repentance, remorse, offence, guilty, error, culpability, complicity, delinquency. ANTONYM: (n) blamelessness guilty: (adj) culpable, faulty, wicked, hangdog, criminal, chargeable, sinful, blameworthy; (n) guilt, culprit; (adj, v) condemned. ANTONYMS: (adj) blameless, aggressive, proud gust: (n) eruption, flurry, blow, blast, puff, flare, explosion, gale, storm, breeze; (adj, n) whiff habited: (adj) clothed, dressed, garbed hair: (n) coat, coma, haircloth, pile, locks, filament, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, down, forelock hairy: (adj) hirsute, bushy, dangerous, downy, woolly, bristly, fleecy, rough, fuzzy, shaggy, fluffy. ANTONYMS: (adj) hairless, safe,

tidy, sleek half: (adj) moiety, part, short, defective; (n) semi, mediety, halve, division, piece, first half; (adv) partly. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) all; (adj) fully, complete half-moon: (n) curve, arc hallowed: (adj) holy, blessed, consecrated, sacred, sanctified, divine, heavenly, saintly, inviolable, revered, sacrosanct. ANTONYM: (adj) secular hand: (v) give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, consign; (n) deal, worker, aid, applause. ANTONYMS: (n) boss, foot; (v) take handkerchief: (n) hankie, kerchief, bandanna, cravat, hanky, wipe, bandana, collar, shawl; (n, v) napkin; (v) sudary handle: (n, v) conduct, administer; (v) feel, wield, deal, treat, touch, control, manipulate, direct; (n) clutch. ANTONYMS: (n) blade, head; (v) mishandle, bungle, conceal, crumble, avoid hands: (n) custody, keeping, personnel, safekeeping, hold, shift, workforce, men, manpower, guardianship, full complement handsomely: (adv) liberally, prettily, magnanimously, bonnily, largely, lovely, charmingly, finely, generously, good-lookingly, smartly. ANTONYM: (adv) poorly hang: (adj, n, v) suspend; (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, fall, hover, append, string up; (n, v) delay; (adj) hung hanging: (n) execution, curtain, arras, wall hanging; (adj) suspended, pendent, pendant, pendulous, hung, pending; (n, v) suspension hangman: (n) executioner, headsman, hanger, tormentor, tiger, boggle, crossword puzzle, scrabble, wild beast, hyena happily: (adv) fortunately, joyously, joyfully, merrily, luckily, gladly, blissfully, cheerfully, felicitously, providentially, successfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) miserably, unhappily, sadly, unfortunately, unsuccessfully, reluctantly, gloomily, discontentedly, despondently, negatively, grudgingly happy: (adj) felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, pleasant, glad, carefree; (adj, n) auspicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sad, depressed, dejected,

William Shakespeare sorrowful, miserable, unlucky, sorry, reluctant, irritable, unfortunately, gloomy hard: (adj, n) austere, rough; (adj, v) grave, severe, acute; (adj) bad, difficult, strong, callous, cruel, tough. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, kind, soggy, tender, merciful, yielding, simple; (adv) lightly, gently, lackadaisically; (adj, adv) flexible hardening: (v) harden; (n) solidification, curing, sclerosis, callosity, calcification, symptom, inurement, hardener; (adj) reprobation, perversion harder: (adj) serious harlot: (n) courtesan, fancy woman, strumpet, tart, whore, drab, moll, hooker, streetwalker, wanton, bawd harm: (adj, n, v) damage, hurt; (adj, n) evil, detriment, injury; (n, v) abuse, wound, blemish, disadvantage; (n) bruise; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) benefit, respect, help; (n) reparation, service; (v) enable, spoil, protect, defend, repair haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, patience, forethought, caution hastily: (adv) hurriedly, rapidly, quickly, rashly, promptly, suddenly, thoughtlessly, impetuously, swiftly, imprudently, speedily. ANTONYMS: (adv) carefully, unhurriedly, industriously, sensibly, prudently, late, calmly, thoroughly, patiently, gradually, cautiously hate: (v) abhor, detest, loathe, abominate; (n) enmity, abhorrence, detestation, hatred, animosity, antipathy, aversion. ANTONYMS: (n, v) like; (v) adore, cherish, admire; (n) attraction, liking, delight, adoration hated: (adj) despised, disliked, not liked, reviled, scorned, unloved, unpopular. ANTONYM: (adj) precious having: (n) estate, possession, acceptance, enjoyment head: (n) captain, boss, froth, foam, crown, chieftain; (n, v) point, lead; (adj, n, v) front; (v) capital, direct. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) subordinate; (n) end, beginning, foot, mouth, rear, tail, body, underling, base; (adj) minor heads: (n) conspectus, contents,

prospectus, syllabus, synopsis, public, textbook, people, outlines, head stick health: (n) condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form, hygiene, sanitation, salubrity, shape; (adj) sanitary hear: (int, v) attend; (v) find out, discover, understand, apprehend, hark, learn, try, examine, listen; (adj) heard heard: (n) hearing hearing: (n) audition, ear, auditory sense, trial, consultation, reach, auscultation, inquiry; (n, v) earshot, sound; (adj, n) audience heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n) spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel, crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n) body, surface heartily: (adv) cordially, sincerely, enthusiastically, warmly, strongly, earnestly, vigorously, ardently, soundly, devoutly, eagerly. ANTONYMS: (adv) feebly, languorously heartiness: (n) eagerness, fervor, geniality, zeal, sincerity, wholeheartedness, inwardness, ardor, avidity, craving; (adj, n) hospitality hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades heat: (adj, n) fever, excitement, passion; (v) bake, burn; (n) warmth, fervor, summer, estrus; (n, v) fire; (adj) flush. ANTONYMS: (n) cold, chill, coldness, anestrus, apathy, coolness, dryness, indifference heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial sphere, space, skies, area, vault of heaven heavy: (adj, n) dull; (adj) deep, fat, dense, grave, dark, full, gross, thick, bulky; (adj, adv) hard. ANTONYMS: (adj) slim, easy, thin, slight, skinny, puny, gentle, insubstantial, animated, nimble, entertaining hedge: (v) fudge, dodge, elude, evade, skirt, duck, avoid, circumvent, equivocate; (n) barrier, hedging. ANTONYM: (v) confront heifer: (n) cow, shorthorn, quey, milch cow heir: (n) beneficiary, successor, offspring, inheritor, heiress, receiver, progeny, heritor,

171 descendant, scion, issue. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, donor held: (adj) absorbed, confined, kept, apprehended, seized, supposed, reputed, tenable, thought, trapped; (v) detain hell: (n) blaze, Hades, underworld, perdition, inferno, pandemonium, netherworld, Abaddon, Gehenna, purgatory, trial. ANTONYM: (n) paradise help: (n, v) assist, assistance, support, benefit, favor, avail, cure, assistant; (v) facilitate, ease, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (n) hindrance, detriment, interference, damage, disadvantage, disservice, manager; (v) worsen, aggravate, halt, hurt helped: (adj) aided, assisted; (v) HALP hence: (adv) consequently, for that reason, therefore, thereby, away, thus, for, then, because, henceforth, as a result henceforth: (adv) hence, in future, after this; (adj) following herd: (n, v) crowd; (adj) bevy, many; (adj, n, v) swarm; (n) drove, gang, crew, collection, covey, multitude, mob herdsman: (n) herder, drover, shepherd, goatherd, cad, gillie, herdman, pastoral, herd, cowherd, stockman heretic: (n) schismatic, pagan, misbeliever, nonconformist, dissident, sectarian, heathen, pariah, outcast, dissenter, renegade herself: (adj) oneself, self, himself, myself, yourself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves, itself high: (adj, v) elevated; (adj) great, expensive, distinguished, lofty, tall, exalted, heavy, dear; (n) chief; (v) bad. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) low; (adj) deep, short, sober, reasonable, sad, resonant, lowly, husky, unimportant; (n) depression higher: (adj) greater, upper, major, senior, over, more, better, advanced, bigger; (prep) above, upon. ANTONYMS: (adj) basic, junior, lower highness: (n) excellency, altitude, loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur highway: (n) highroad, way, path, route, street, thoroughfare, course, main road, expressway, bus, freeway himself: (pron) herself, themselves,

172 yourself, itself; (adj) myself; (n) yourselves hiss: (v) fizz, spit, whiz, whisper, whoosh; (n) buzz, jeer, hissing, ridicule; (n, v) hoot, taunt history: (n) account, story, chronicle, annals, background, record, narrative, biography, explanation, origin; (n, v) tale hither: (adv) here, whither, hitherward, thither hogshead: (n) cask, barrel, vat hold: (n, v) keep, grip, grasp, entertain; (v) endure, detain, adhere, bear, have, contain, comprise. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, disagree, lose, free, deny, remove, lack; (n) separation, repulsion holding: (n) keeping, belongings, hold, claim, property, asset, ownership, take, retention, capture; (adj) retaining holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, unholy home: (n) domicile, abode, house, residence, base, place, dwelling, family, habitation; (adj) domestic; (adj, n) household. ANTONYMS: (adj) external, national, public, away, foreign; (adv) out homely: (adj) plain, common, rustic, artless, home, snug, homelike, domestic; (adj, adv) ugly; (adv) plainly, simplely. ANTONYMS: (adj) sophisticated, striking, uncomfortable, bleak homeward: (adj) oriented, orientated honest: (adj) fair, genuine, sincere, good, equitable, artless, heartfelt, guileless, frank, forthright, faithful. ANTONYMS: (adj) lying, misleading, guarded, corrupt, disloyal, unwholesome, discourteous, disreputable, fictional, crafty, crooked honesty: (adj, n) candor, justice, fidelity, equity; (n) integrity, fairness, candidness, probity, frankness, rectitude, faith. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, wickedness, treachery, deceit, deception, deviousness, decadence, affectation, caution, evasiveness, injustice honey: (n) dear, love, beloved, nectar, sweetheart, dearest, duck, molasses, sugar, baby; (v) sweeten honour: (n) fame, award, dignity,

The Winter's Tale homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, venerable, glorious, honorable, distinguished, aboveboard, good, worthy, right, noble honours: (n) first, honors, degree, academic degree hook: (n, v) crook, catch, draw, bend, trap, lure; (n) fishhook, claw, crotchet; (v) fasten, hitch. ANTONYMS: (v) undercharge, detach, undo hoop: (n) circle, band, ring, loop, annulus, round, sphere, wheel, circlet, halo; (v) encircle hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence hopeful: (adj) confident, auspicious, bright, optimistic, sanguine, rosy, probable, likely, expectant, upbeat; (n, v) candidate. ANTONYMS: (adj) desperate, pessimistic, gloomy, pained, doubtful, bad, unhopeful, unlikely, unpromising, down horrible: (adj) awful, fearful, frightful, abominable, grisly, formidable, dire, ghastly, dreadful, fearsome; (adj, v) horrid. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, lovely, nice, lovable, fair, delightful, slight, appealing, minor, attractive, great horseman: (n) cavalier, rider, jockey, horse fancier, horseback rider, trooper, trainer, knight, cavalryman, animal fancier, postilion hostess: (n) mistress, air hostess, flight attendant, housewife, steward, innkeeper, landlady, prostitute, host hottest: (adj) most modern, most recent, newest, latest hour: (n) clock, o'clock, hours, time, hr, term, nonce, moment, occasion, dawn, dusk hours: (n) period, duty period; (adv) o'clock house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n) home; (v) accommodate; (n) dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v) lodge. ANTONYM: (adj) public hovering: (adj) suspended, poised, impending, flying, high human: (n) person, man, human being, homo, gay, party; (adj, adv)

fleshly; (adj) humane, earthly, corporeal, worldly. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonhuman, otherworldly, heavenly, immortal humble: (v) demean, humiliate, mortify; (n, v) disgrace, debase; (adj, n, v) abase; (adj) base, lowly, unassuming, docile, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) impressive, arrogant, haughty, imposing, conceited, pompous, snooty, overbearing, presumptuous, proud, exalted humbly: (adv) lowly, meanly, modestly, submissively, low, shyly, lowlily, naturally, regretfully, remorsefully, repentantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) conceitedly, haughtily, pompously, ostentatiously, unrepentantly, affluently, brashly, pretentiously hundred: (adj) a hundred, one hundred, many; (adj, n) c; (n) cent, centred, riding, lathe, soke, tithing, carbon hung: (n) hanging; (v) Heng; (adj) fatigued, puzzled, decorated hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, desirous, meager, starveling; (v) starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, moderate, healthy, disinterested hunt: (n, v) search; (v) course, follow, hound, rummage, forage, prey, dog, go after, persecute; (n) battue. ANTONYMS: (v) find, precede husband: (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save; (n) consort, hubby, man, fellow, lover, master, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) wife, bachelor ignoble: (adj) contemptible, abject, base, dishonorable, disgraceful, beggarly, mean, humble, degraded, despicable, caddish. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, glorious ignorant: (adj) unconscious, unwitting, rude, illiterate, uneducated, blind, dull, unaware, uninformed, unlearned, innocent. ANTONYMS: (adj) conscious, versed, cultured, educated, informed, wary, literate, aware, polite image: (n, v) picture, fancy, design; (n) impression, conception, effigy, idea, form, resemblance, epitome; (v) depict. ANTONYM: (n) reality imagination: (n) vision, fancy, image, dream, conceit, imagery, originality, invention, resource, reflection, phantasy

William Shakespeare imagine: (v) believe, conjecture, fancy, conceive, daydream, assume, guess, consider, fantasize; (conj, v) suppose; (n, v) dream immodest: (adj) shameless, bold, barefaced, impudent, indecent, presumptuous, coarse, impure, unabashed, lewd, indelicate. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest, restrained, ashamed impediment: (n, v) hindrance, check, difficulty, delay; (n) bar, hitch, barrier, obstruction, drawback, encumbrance, block. ANTONYMS: (n) benefit, boost, incentive, strength imperial: (adj) majestic, grand, dignified, imperious, purple, stately, August, regal, noble, lordly; (adj, n) beard implore: (v) beg, beseech, supplicate, ask, conjure, crave, pray, importune, appeal, plead, solicit. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, grant, reject import: (n, v) matter, sense, denote; (n) meaning, effect, connotation, implication, moment, significance, value; (v) imply. ANTONYMS: (n, v) export; (n) insignificance, inconsequence, triviality importance: (n) account, gravity, import, dignity, prominence, stress, emphasis, value, concern, magnitude; (n, v) consequence. ANTONYMS: (n) unimportance, insignificance, triviality, meaninglessness importunate: (adj) annoying, exigent, pressing, insistent, bothersome, pestiferous, pestilent, instant, obdurate, demanding, pleading. ANTONYM: (adj) feeble impose: (v) dictate, prescribe, enforce, exact, charge, clamp, deceive, enjoin, burden, set, lay. ANTONYM: (v) revoke imposition: (adj, n) exaction; (n) cheat, trick, deceit, imposture, demand, hoax, tax, swindle, wile, infliction impudence: (adj, n) boldness, brass; (n) cheek, gall, audacity, impertinence, insolence, face, cheekiness, effrontery, assurance. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, reticence impudently: (adv) saucily, rudely, pertly, audaciously, boldly, insolently, brazenly, presumptuously, daringly, cheekily, freshly impute: (v) charge, attribute, ascribe, assign, accuse, blame, attach, credit,

lay, accredit, impeach incense: (v) enrage, anger, provoke, irritate, infuriate, aggravate, rile, cense, inflame; (n) fragrance, aroma. ANTONYMS: (v) please, pacify inch: (n) in, bit, column inch, morsel; (v) crawl, creep, ease; (adj) tatter, mite, seed, shive incident: (n) fact, experience, circumstance, occasion, adventure, happening, occurrence, episode, instance, case, contingency. ANTONYMS: (adj) basic; (n) defense inclining: (adj) oblique, shelving; (n) leaning, tendency, disposition, movement, proclivity, sentiment, propensity, predilection, partiality incur: (n, v) contract; (v) catch, get, incite, begin, cause, encounter, experience, obtain, suffer, receive indeed: (adv) certainly, exactly, in reality, surely, of course, assuredly, as a matter of fact, admittedly; (adj, adv) really, much; (n) yes. ANTONYMS: (adv) possibly, doubtfully indictment: (n) accusation, impeachment, complaint, bill of indictment, information, lawsuit, blame, accusal, true bill; (n, v) allegation, attack. ANTONYMS: (n) acquittal, confirmation infancy: (n) babyhood, cradle, beginning, birth, genesis, minority, early childhood, youth, nonage, adolescence, early days. ANTONYM: (n) maturity infant: (n) child, babe, minor, nursling, youngster, chick, toddler, suckling, kid, pappoose; (adj, n) juvenile infect: (v) contaminate, corrupt, affect, inspire, foul, pollute, defile, poison, touch, animate; (adj) contagious. ANTONYMS: (v) purify, disinfect, clean infected: (adj) diseased, dirty, impure, tainted, festering, corrupt, unclean, morbid, stained, spoiled, soiled. ANTONYM: (adj) healthy infection: (n) contagion, disease, contamination, corruption, illness, transmission; (adj, n) taint, pollution, septicity; (v) infect; (adj) contagious infectious: (adj) communicable, catching, pestiferous, infective, epidemic, infect, transmittable, taking, virulent, vitiating, easily spread. ANTONYM: (adj) noninfectious

173 infinite: (adj) absolute, eternal, endless, countless, immense, incalculable, boundless, innumerable, immeasurable, everlasting, spaceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, limited, restricted, small, tiny, slight inform: (v) acquaint, impart, advise, enlighten, announce, tell, familiarize, explain, advertise, apprise, warn infusion: (n) extract, infuse, implantation, influx, dash, brew, smack, transfusion, touch; (n, v) injection; (v) inoculation ingrateful: (adj) ungrateful, disagreeable ingredient: (adj, n) constituent; (n) component, element, factor, part, composition, ingress, albumen, material, leaven, principle injury: (n, v) harm, grievance, detriment, damage, hurt; (n) disservice, wound, impairment, ill, bruise, affront. ANTONYMS: (n) reparation, justice, help, defense, benefit injustice: (n) iniquity, wrong, unfairness, bigotry, wickedness, prejudice, crime; (adj, n) injury, evil, harm, damage. ANTONYMS: (n) fairness, evenhandedness, reasonableness, goodness, tolerance innocence: (n) blamelessness, chastity, ignorance, ingenuousness, purity, gullibility, artlessness, innocent, simplicity, harmlessness, guiltlessness. ANTONYMS: (n) sophistication, experience, fault, dirtiness, wariness, dishonesty innocent: (adj) chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, unsophisticated, spotless, naive. ANTONYMS: (adj) culpable, responsible, wicked, wary, experienced, corrupt, worldly, unfair, meaningful, offensive, jaded inside: (adj, n) interior, middle, center; (adj) internal, indoor; (prep) per; (adv) inwardly, indoors, within, at heart, inwards. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) exterior; (adj) free, external, outdoor, public; (adj, adv) outer; (prep) out; (adv) outwardly; (n) edge insinuate: (v) imply, hint, intimate, indicate, suggest, adumbrate, connote, signify, ingratiate, instill, denote instance: (n) exemplar, case, time, illustration, sample, affair, pattern, chance, cause; (v) exemplify,

174 illustrate instant: (adj, n) present; (adj) immediate, prompt; (n) flash, minute, jiffy, point, second; (adj, v) exigent; (adj, n, v) pressing, urgent. ANTONYMS: (n) age, eternity; (adj) considered, delayed, slow instantly: (adv, n) directly; (adj, adv) immediately, at once; (adv) instantaneously, promptly, forthwith, now, readily, quickly, momently, momentarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, slowly, gradually instigation: (n) fomentation, encouragement, incitement, abetment, incitation, agitation, provocation, inducement, initiation, excitation, stimulus instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, inform, command, indoctrinate, tutor instruction: (n) charge, direction, education, guidance, prescription, guideline, teaching, information, injunction; (n, v) advice, counsel. ANTONYM: (n) plea instrument: (n) channel, deed, tool, pawn, apparatus, agency, document, expedient, appliance, gear; (n, v) implement insufficience: (n) insufficiency, deficit, lack, paucity integrity: (adj, n) honesty, fairness, candor, honor; (n) probity, completeness, righteousness, justice, unity, entireness, fidelity. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, wickedness, injustice, division, decadence, badness, immorality, corruption intelligence: (n) cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding, acumen, mentality, knowledge, brains, comprehension, brainpower. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, emotion, slowness, foolishness, ineptness intelligent: (adj) intellectual, astute, sensible, alert, rational, quickwitted, bright, cunning, gifted, knowledgeable, brilliant. ANTONYMS: (adj) dim, thick, slow, stupid, dull, foolish intend: (v) destine, design, mean, aim, determine, denote, contemplate, plan, purpose, consider, believe. ANTONYM: (v) improvise intended: (adj) deliberate, calculated, destined, knowing, meant, planned,

The Winter's Tale premeditated, prospective, willful, designed; (adj, v) voluntary. ANTONYMS: (adj) accidental, involuntary, unintended, spontaneous, unconscious intention: (n) idea, intent, goal, purpose, cause, motive, mind; (n, v) aim, end, design, drift interchange: (n, v) change, barter; (v) commute, switch, alternate, substitute, convert, replace, counterchange, transpose; (n) traffic interpose: (v) interject, insert, interpolate, intercede, intervene, meddle, intrude, tamper, step in, butt in; (adj, v) intermeddle isle: (n) islet, ait, reef, eyot, wight, aisle, ile, coral reef, coral Island, breaker, atoll issue: (v) emanate, arise, emerge; (n) aftermath, progeny, consequence, effect; (n, v) egress, release, exit, result. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, trickle, withhold; (n) resolution issueless: (adj) fruitless, teemless italian: (n) dago, romance language, Oscan, Guinea, greaseball, Etruscan, Italian cloth; (adj) Ausonian itself: (adj) herself, self, oneself, personally, myself, themselves, yourself jealous: (adj) distrustful, envious, covetous, suspicious, jealousy, resentful, invidious, green, grudging, jaundiced, attentive. ANTONYM: (adj) trusting jelly: (n) conserve, jam, gelatin, aspic, preserves, gelatine, kickshaw; (v) jellify, jell, congeal; (adj) mucilage jest: (n) gag, gibe, quip, game; (n, v) jape; (v) banter, jeer, deride, gird, sneer, clown jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant jollity: (adj, n) glee, joviality; (n) merriment, cheerfulness, festivity, frolic, gladness, hilarity, mirth, gaiety; (adj) jocundity. ANTONYMS: (n) seriousness, misery jove: (n) Jovian, Jovinianist, thunderer judge: (v) consider, think, evaluate, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, guess; (n) arbitrator, arbiter; (n, v) umpire. ANTONYM: (v) doubt judgment: (n, v) decision, belief, discernment, condemnation, sense, discrimination; (n) determination, discretion, opinion, assessment,

adjudication. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, request, tastelessness judicature: (n) judgeship, court, jurisdiction, judiciary, tribunal, chancery, judgship, judicatory, consistory, soc, bench jump: (n, v) bound, start, bounce, hop, caper, startle, dive, rise; (v) spring, hurdle; (adj, v) skip. ANTONYMS: (n, v) decrease; (v) surface, drop, hesitate jumps: (n) fit, nervousness, tension, anxiety, jitters justice: (adj, n) equity, right, integrity, honesty; (n) judge, impartiality, judicature, jurist, morality, justness; (adj) just. ANTONYMS: (n) unfairness, wickedness justified: (adj) correct, right, proper, elected, adopted, due, righteous, sanctified, unearthly, regenerated, even. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfounded, unjustified, unreasonable, wrong, unworthy justify: (v) explain, exonerate, vindicate, confirm, absolve, defend, deserve, apologize, claim, palliate; (n, v) warrant justly: (adv) accurately, fairly, correctly, honestly, lawfully, properly, exactly, uprightly, legitimately, impartially, purely. ANTONYMS: (adv) wrongly, unfairly, unjustifiably, unjustly, unlawfully, sinfully, falsely, immorally keep: (n, v) hold; (v) preserve, retain, defend, guard, maintain, continue, have, save, confine, observe. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, neglect, entrust, return, let, discontinue, reimburse, allow, stop, destroy, break keeper: (n) curator, guardian, guard, warden, janitor, jailer, gaoler, warder, caretaker, sentry, conservator keeping: (n) care, conservation, charge, guardianship, maintenance, holding, observance, storage, conformation, consistency, conformity kill: (n, v) assassinate, destroy; (v) erase, annihilate, eliminate, extinguish, finish, blast, decimate, execute, eradicate. ANTONYMS: (v) revitalize, revive; (n) hunter kind: (n) sort, form, class, variety, breed; (adj, n) helpful, good, humane, friendly, gentle; (adj) generous. ANTONYMS: (adj)

William Shakespeare unkind, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring, upsetting, callous, disagreeable kindness: (n) generosity, clemency, compassion, grace, good will, graciousness, humanity, goodness, affection; (adj, n) courtesy, gentleness. ANTONYMS: (n) miserliness, spite, nastiness, callousness, cruelty, unfriendliness, maliciousness, thoughtlessness, sourness, severity, disservice kindred: (adj) cognate, akin, similar, allied, related; (n) kin, consanguinity, relation, folk, folks, kin group king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) queen kingdom: (n) domain, realm, state, empire, dominion, territory, nation, crown, monarchy, department, land kingly: (adj, adv) stately; (adj) August, noble, regal, imperial, sovereign, majestic, royal; (adv) royally, majestically, regally kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, consanguinity; (v) confederate kiss: (n, v) caress, brush, embrace, touch; (n) osculation, salute, lip, Kiss of peace, kiss hands; (v) osculate, love kissing: (n) hugging, cuddling, fondling, arousal, foreplay, necking; (adj) embracing, adhering closely, billing, clinging, interosculant kite: (n) flash note, base coin, plaything, parachute, airplane, bird of prey, letter, former, slip, accommodation bill; (v) scram kites: (n) harriers, hawks knavery: (n) quackery, jugglery, foul play, trickery, swindle, betrayal, falsification, falsehood, charlatanism, knavishness, roguery knavish: (adj) tricky, dishonest, crafty, sly, roguish, guileful, foxy, dodgy, cunning, false, corrupt kneel: (v) genuflect, cringe, stoop, bob, cry for quarter, dip, duck, humble oneself; (n) kneeling, knee, movement knees: (n) knee knew: (adj) known; (v) recognize, wist knife: (adj, n) blade; (adj) cutlery, edge tool; (v) stab; (n) sword, cleaver, whittle, cutter, tongue, pocketknife, chopper

knock: (n, v) hit, blow, bang, bump, tap, strike, whack, bash, punch, cuff; (n) crash. ANTONYMS: (n) improvement, boost; (v) encourage, bolster, approve knowing: (adj, v) canny, crafty, wise; (adj, n) clever; (adj) conscious, aware, ingenious, intelligent, bright, conversant, smart. ANTONYMS: (adj) naive, uncomprehending, unconscious knowledge: (n) information, comprehension, science, lore, understanding, intelligence, grasp, erudition, acquaintance; (n, v) cognition; (adj, n) art. ANTONYMS: (n) foolishness, inexperience known: (adj) familiar, knew, conscious, certain, famous, know, eminent, plain, accepted, published, acknowledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) unknown, secret, unidentified, unfamiliar labour: (n, v) travail, labor, toil; (v) grind, fag, drudge; (n) exertion, employment, confinement, childbed, business lace: (v) entwine, interlace, braid, bind; (adj, v) tie, string; (n) lacing, ribbon, edging; (n, v) net, rope. ANTONYMS: (v) untie, untwine, unpick lack: (n, v) deficiency, need, destitution; (n) default, defect, dearth, absence, insufficiency, deficit, poverty; (v) fail. ANTONYMS: (n) abundance, excess, provision, adequacy, affluence, sufficiency, plethora, supply; (v) have, own, possess lady: (n) gentlewoman, Mrs, duchess, countess, spouse, madam, ma'am, milady, matron, woman; (v) squaw. ANTONYM: (n) Lord laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, situated, arranged, determined, dictated, hardened, ordered lamentably: (adj, adv) sadly, woefully; (adv) pathetically, patheticly, pitiably, wretchedly, pitifully; (adj) grievously, piteously, sorely, painfully lamented: (adj) mourned, bewailed land: (n) country, earth, soil, kingdom, field, nation, estate, domain; (v) disembark, debark, get. ANTONYMS: (adj) aquatic, amphibious; (n) sea; (v) lose, depart, embark landed: (adj) land, territorial, allodial, predial lands: (n) park, estate, kingdom

175 language: (n) speech, expression, lingo, diction, tongue, idiom, jargon, conversation, word, words, terminology large: (adj) ample, generous, considerable, broad, handsome, high, bulky, heavy, capacious, roomy; (adj, n) extensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, narrow, microscopic, compact, tiny, thin, short, slim, paltry lark: (n) joke, fun, trick, prank, antic, caper, game; (n, v) romp, frolic, gambol; (v) rollick lass: (n) girl, lassie, damsel, young woman, young girl, fille, miss, Jeune fille, bobbysocker, bobbysoxer, woman lasting: (adj) abiding, everlasting, firm, eternal, enduring, continuous, permanent, constant, perpetual, tough; (adj, v) fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) fleeting, impermanent, superficial, ephemeral, caducous, unstable, occasional, insubstantial, erratic, acute, fickle lastly: (adv) eventually, ultimately, latterly, in conclusion, last, at last, terminally, latestly, utmostly, definitively, concludingly. ANTONYM: (adv) initially late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh, behindhand, backward; (adj) former, deceased, dead, slow, delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early, punctual; (adv) punctually, promptly; (adj) ahead, existing, alive, initial, middle, old, premature laugh: (n, v) joke, giggle, chortle, titter, snicker; (v) smile; (n) jest, gag, jape, laughter, cackle. ANTONYM: (v) weep laughter: (n) amusement, fun, guffaw, merriment, chortle, chuckle, mirth, hilarity, giggle, derision, happiness. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, gloom, despair, boredom, misery, despondency lavender: (adj) lilac, purple, puce, light purple, pale purple, indigo, chromatic; (adj, n) violet, amethyst; (n) shrub, genus Lavandula lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, constitutional, true, right, justifiable, licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlawful, prohibited, unconstitutional lead: (n, v) guide; (v) conduct, direct, contribute, go, control, conduce,

176 govern, chair, bring; (n) clue. ANTONYMS: (v) follow, trail, descend; (n) disadvantage, inferiority leads: (n) slating, pieced leads, slates, pile driving leads, tiling lean: (adj, v) gaunt; (adj) emaciated, thin, bony, lank; (n, v) bend, tilt, slant, list, careen; (n) inclination. ANTONYMS: (adj) plump, rich, chubby, greasy, stout; (v) straighten, repel leaning: (adj, n) bent, disposition, partiality; (n) propensity, bias, tendency, incline, lean; (adj) tilted, canted, inclined. ANTONYMS: (n) antipathy, dislike; (adj) upright leap: (n, v) bound, spring, bounce, caper, dive, vault, lunge; (v) dance, hop, start; (n) curvet. ANTONYMS: (n, v) plummet; (v) surface, drop, hesitate; (n) slump learn: (v) get, find, ascertain, hear, find out, have, determine, con, acquire, tell; (n, v) know. ANTONYM: (v) reject learnedly: (adv) wisely, letteredly, literately, literarily, cleverly, skilledly, intellectually, sagely, studiously, culturedly, academically leash: (n, v) tether, harness; (v) bind, curb, rope; (n) bridle, constraint, restraint, strap; (adj) grapple, belay least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest, minimal, littlest, lowest, insignificant, minutest, negligible; (adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj) maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most leave: (v) depart, go, abandon, desert, lead; (adj, v) forsake, quit; (n) furlough, permission, holiday; (n, v) escape. ANTONYMS: (v) enter, arrive, stay, remain, come, approach, change, reposition, disinherit, occupy, participate leaves: (n) departure, leaving, plants, trees, vegetation leaving: (n) leave, exit, desertion, going, going away, farewell, departing, abandonment, withdrawal, boarding; (v) depart. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, greeting, Reunion; (adj) incoming left: (adj) gone, absent, port, odd, remaining, larboard, gauche, sinister; (n) left hand, left wing, mitt. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n) right; (adj) remaining, center, starboard, present lend: (v) grant, give, advance, impart, bestow, contribute, borrow, bring,

The Winter's Tale add, confer; (n) lending less: (adj) inferior, wanting, minor, secondary, subordinate, deficient, minus, few; (adj, adv) lesser, lower; (adv) below. ANTONYMS: (adj) additional; (prep) plus lesser: (adj) less, inferior, junior, insignificant, petty, subordinate, smaller, secondary, lower, slighter, small. ANTONYMS: (adj) major, primary, senior, superior, higher, main lethargy: (n) drowsiness, indifference, apathy, inactivity, fatigue, inertia, stupor, laziness, sluggishness, idleness, languor. ANTONYMS: (n) verve, vitality, liveliness, nimbleness, animation, alertness, vigor, activity, wakefulness, interest, speediness letters: (n) erudition, literature, correspondence, lore, script, scholarship, post, print, mail, letter, polite literature level: (adj, adv, v) equal; (adj, adv, n, v) flat; (n) grade, degree; (adj, v) flatten; (n, v) floor; (adj) horizontal; (v) dismantle, raze, aim, demolish. ANTONYMS: (adj) slanting, unequal, angled, unsteady, askew, rough, shaky; (adj, v) uneven; (v) raise, build, crumple lids: (n) lid liege: (n) feudatory, liegeman, vassal, lord, liege Lord, subject, Luik; (adj) loyal, staunch, true, steady liegeman: (n) feudatory, vassal, liege subject, subject, follower lies: (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, lying, deceit, defamation, denigration, dishonesty, slander, libel, treachery. ANTONYM: (n) truth life: (adj, n) animation; (n) energy, spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm, being, biography, existence, exuberance, live. ANTONYMS: (n) death, apathy, extinction, nonexistence, lifelessness lifted: (adj) raised, elevated, lift, lofty, upraised, steep light: (adj) fair, facile, faint; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) fire, glow, flame; (v) kindle, inflame, ignite; (n) illumination. ANTONYMS: (adj) heavy, fattening, nauseating, testing, stale; (n) darkness, shade, gloom, night; (v) extinguish, darken likeness: (n) resemblance, copy, effigy, image, affinity, similarity, correspondence, facsimile; (adj, n) figure, form, semblance.

ANTONYMS: (n) difference, diversity, dissimilarity, unlikeness, contrast likes: (n) kind, sort, type likewise: (adv) besides, in addition, furthermore, alike, moreover, further, too, similarly; (adj, adv) as well, equally; (adj) even liking: (n, v) inclination; (n) fancy, appetite, taste, fondness, predilection, affection, partiality, admiration, approval, appreciation. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, aversion, hatred, indifference, detachment, dissatisfaction, antipathy lilies: (n) lily limber: (adj, v) flexible, pliable; (adj) supple, lithe, agile, flexile, elastic, ductile, svelte, willowy, lissome. ANTONYMS: (adj) stiff, inflexible limit: (v) restrict, circumscribe, restrain, check; (n, v) border, curb, confine, boundary, close; (n, prep, v) extent; (n) edge. ANTONYMS: (v) broaden, extend, increase, derestrict, allow, encourage, express, promote; (n) minimum, extension, freedom linen: (n) fabric, flax, lingerie, doily, doyley, doyly, cambric, underwear, underclothes, hemp; (v) muslin list: (n) catalogue, catalog, inclination, index, calendar, enumeration; (n, v) file, tilt, schedule; (v) enter, itemize littered: (adj) untidy, under attack, beleaguered, beset, besieged, messy, plagued, topsy-turvy, tormented little: (adj, adv) small; (adj) diminutive, insignificant, short, tiny, some, brief, petty, minute, exiguous; (adv) rather. ANTONYMS: (adj) enormous, large, important, huge, high, giant, older, old, tall; (adv) frequently, well live: (adj) alive, living; (adj, v) reside, active, dwell, stay; (n, v) subsist; (v) exist, be, abide, endure. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, inactive, silent, dummy, blank, recorded; (v) die, perish, expire lively: (adj, adv) jolly, sprightly; (adj, v) active, cheerful; (adj) energetic, agile, keen, busy, gay, fresh, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) lethargic, listless, inactive, unexciting, lifeless, awkward, sad, gentle, tired, insipid, subdued lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence, earnest living living: (adj) alive, live, extant, animated, active, fresh, animate, quick; (n) livelihood, life, being.

William Shakespeare ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate; (n) death, leisure load: (adj, n, v) charge, fill; (n) cargo, freight, weight, consignment; (n, v) stack, heap, pack, pile; (v) encumber. ANTONYMS: (v) unpack, remove, eject, relieve, empty, alleviate; (n) lightness loath: (adj) unwilling, disinclined, reluctant, loth, indisposed, backward, hesitant, antipathetic, antipathetical, loathe, shy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) eager, willing, disposed, keen loathsomeness: (n) dreadfulness, odiousness, horridness, disgust, nastiness, abomination, aversion, awfulness, detestation, loathliness, disgustedness lock: (n, v) bar, hug; (v) close, latch, fasten, engage, hold; (adj, n) hair; (n) curl, padlock, hook. ANTONYMS: (v) open, undo, disengage, flex; (n) key; (adv) partially, partly locks: (n) hair, tresses, head of hair lodge: (n, v) cabin, place, house; (adj, v) live, dwell, reside, inhabit; (n) cottage; (v) quarter, accommodate, fix. ANTONYMS: (v) dislodge, evict long: (v) yearn, desire, hanker, languish, ache, wish; (adj, n) extensive; (n, v) hunger; (adj) extended, lengthy; (n) length. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, brief, concise longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster longing: (n, v) desire, aspiration; (adj) eager, wistful, nostalgic; (n) nostalgia, wish, hankering, urge, appetite; (adj, n) yearning. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, disinclination; (adj) satisfied, unconcerned look: (n, v) gaze, aspect, figure; (adj, v) seem; (v) appear, expect; (n) appearance, expression, view, glance, guise. ANTONYMS: (v) back, study; (n) perusal looker: (n) spectator, watcher, viewer, knockout, dish, woman, beaut, bystander, browser, observer, beholder looking: (n) face, sensing, aspect, approximation, appearance, watching, outlook; (v) look at, examine; (adv) about; (adj) superficial looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion, fashion, costume, garb lord: (n) chief, king, noble, sir, duke,

master, God, seignior, nobility, Mister, potentate. ANTONYM: (n) lady lose: (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, miss, sacrifice, fall behind, fail, to lose, forget, clear, hurt. ANTONYMS: (v) find, secure, recover, earn, obtain, acquire, get, win, beat, keep, succeed losel: (adj) overliberal, unthrifty, wasteful, dissipated, thriftless, profuse, prodigal, extravagant; (v) squanderer; (n) locust losing: (v) lose; (n) loss; (adv) losingly, behind; (adj) unbeneficial. ANTONYM: (adj) lucrative loss: (adj, n) detriment, damage, injury, harm; (n) defeat, deprivation, deficit, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement. ANTONYMS: (n) retrieval, appearance, victory, recovery, gaining, income, gain, accumulation, win, benefit, fortune lost: (adj, v) forlorn, extinct, gone, missing, helpless; (adj) hopeless, bewildered, forgotten, disoriented, broken; (n) loss. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, found, existing, won, saved, aware loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful, gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low, muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) softly lout: (adj, n) gawk, goon, klutz; (n) oaf, clown, boor, loon, rube, lump, lubber, hoodlum love: (n) desire, fondness, affection, dear, liking, benevolence, charity, honey, devotion; (v) enjoy; (n, v) worship. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike; (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, detestation, detachment, indifference; (v) abhor; (adv) roughly loved: (adj) beloved, pet, cherished, precious, liked, adored, respected, treasured, esteemed, valued; (n) darling. ANTONYM: (adj) hated loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, kind, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, disapproving, callous lower: (adj, v) debase, frown, abase, scowl; (adj, n, v) degrade, diminish, humble; (v) dip, drop, cut; (adj, n)

177 inferior. ANTONYMS: (v) raise, improve, glorify, augment, straighten, upgrade, uplift; (adj) higher, senior, over, superior lowly: (adj) base, lower, low, inferior, baseborn; (adv) meekly, meanly, modestly, poorly, softly, humbly. ANTONYMS: (adj) noble, privileged, high, aristocratic, refined, exalted, comfortable loyal: (adj, v) firm; (adj, n) unwavering, true, accurate; (adj) fast, steady, constant, reliable, devoted, dependable, obedient. ANTONYMS: (adj) disloyal, unfaithful, unreliable, disobedient, inconstant, treacherous, uncommitted, unpatriotic, unhelpful, fickle luck: (n) fortune, fate, accident, destiny, hazard, lot, advantage, providence, portion, happiness; (n, v) chance. ANTONYM: (n) design lucky: (adj, n) auspicious, happy, favored; (adj) favorable, prosperous, propitious, successful, favourable, flourishing, fortuitous; (n) fortune. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, hapless, unfortunate, unsuccessful, disadvantaged, inauspicious, underprivileged, unenviable, unsatisfactory lullaby: (n) berceuse, alleviation, easement, antispasmodic, laudanum, palliation; (n, v) lull; (v) sedative, sing; (adv) soft music, siren strains lustre: (n) brilliance, gloss, brilliancy, grandeur, splendour, effulgence, splendor, shininess, shine, sheen, brightness lying: (adj) false, deceptive, mendacious, untrue, misleading, fraudulent; (n) lie, falsehood, fabrication, deceit, dishonesty. ANTONYMS: (n) honesty, truthfulness; (adj) truthful madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd madness: (n) frenzy, insanity, lunacy, idiocy, folly, delirium, insaneness; (adj, n) furor, rage, desperation, furore. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, calmness, order magic: (n) incantation, charm, enchantment, sorcery, legerdemain, conjuring, glamour, black magic, illusion, theurgy; (adj) magical. ANTONYMS: (n) dullness, science; (adj) everyday, prosaic, normal,

178 natural maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass, lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid majesty: (adj, n) grandeur, splendor, nobility; (n) dignity, loftiness, magnificence, stateliness, greatness, king, royalty, highness. ANTONYMS: (n) austerity, simplicity making: (n) creation, construction, production, fabrication, manufacture, cartography, devising, fashioning, manufacturing, formation; (v) to make. ANTONYMS: (n) undoing, destruction malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, benevolence, affection, goodness manage: (n, v) direct, govern, guide; (v) do, administer, cope, accomplish, deal, work, arrange, lead. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, lose, bungle manifest: (adj) evident, distinct, conspicuous, clear, patent, plain; (v) display, demonstrate, exhibit, evidence; (n, v) declare. ANTONYMS: (v) hide; (adj) hidden, obscure, secret, inconspicuous, veiled, furtive, avoidable, ambiguous; (adv) absent mankind: (n) world, humanity, humankind, human race, humans, person, flesh, mortality, people, human beings, humanness manner: (adj, n) kind; (n) bearing, demeanor, method, form, appearance, carriage, way; (n, v) custom, style, habit mannerly: (adj) civil, polite, genteel, urbane, decent, decorous, refined, courtly, gentlemanly; (adv) kindly, sortly. ANTONYMS: (adj) rude, common, vulgar, impolite manners: (n) conduct, etiquette, propriety, behavior, deportment, manner, courtesy, custom, decorum, good manners, usage. ANTONYM: (n) vulgarity mantle: (n) cloak, cape, pall, blanket, curtain, blind, coat; (n, v) cover, veil; (adj, n, v) blush, flush marble: (n) taw, marver, leopard, heart of stone, granite, cheetah, marbling; (adj, n) stone; (v) foolscap; (adj) flint, quartz march: (n, v) hike, parade, trek, ramble, journey, tramp, course; (n) demonstration; (v) process, pace,

The Winter's Tale stride marigold: (adj) day lily, daffodil, buttercup, asphodel, anemone; (n) aster family, dandelion, compositae, big marigold, family Asteraceae, Asteraceae mariner: (n) sailor, gob, seafarer, tar, warrener, bosun, bargee, bargeman, boatswain, lighterman, sea dog mark: (adj, n, v) notice; (n, v) brand, score, heed, label, blemish; (n) sign, impression, character; (v) characterize, distinguish. ANTONYM: (n) enhancement married: (adj) wedded, conjugal, matrimonial, connubial, nuptial, united, mixed, connected, marrying, attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached, divorced, public marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split marrying: (adj) married marvel: (n, v) wonder; (n) prodigy, curiosity, phenomenon, amazement, miracle, portent, marl, surprise, admiration; (v) admire. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) nightmare master: (n) captain, instructor, lord; (v) control, conquer, command, dominate, defeat; (adj, n) original, head, ace. ANTONYMS: (n) underling, servant, novice, amateur masters: (n) Edgar lee Masters master's: (n) postgraduate degree mate: (n, v) equal, partner, spouse; (adj, n) companion, comrade, fellow, associate, friend; (n) compeer, consort, husband material: (n) matter, body, cloth; (adj) corporal, substantial, bodily, corporeal, concrete, physical, important, real. ANTONYMS: (adj) insubstantial, immaterial, incorporeal, insignificant, unimportant, abstract, heavenly, intangible, ethereal matter: (n) business, substance, issue, material, affair, concern, incident, article, subject; (n, v) case; (adj, n) import matters: (n) affairs, materials, dealings, proceedings mature: (adj, v) ripe, ripen; (v) develop, age, mellow, season; (adj) complete, old, experienced, adult, perfect. ANTONYMS: (adj) childish, naive, young, unripe, sophomoric,

unfledged, green, unclear, irresponsible, incomplete; (v) growing mean: (adj, n) middle, low, contemptible, average, medium, common; (v) design; (n, v) imply, denote; (adj) ignoble, hateful. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, kind, extravagant, charitable, luxurious, rich, expansive, extreme, great; (n) maximum, minimum means: (n) instrument, agency, income, assets, manner, funds, capital, channel, property, resource, resources. ANTONYM: (n) poverty meant: (adj) destined, implied, sincere, preordained, intentional, predestined; (v) intend, designate measure: (n) amount, criterion, extent, measurement, estimate, degree, beat, benchmark, quantity, meter; (n, v) act. ANTONYMS: (v) guess, estimate medal: (n) decoration, award, prize, honour, medallion, title, honor, laurel wreath, laurels, palm, insignia meddler: (adj) enthusiast, devotee, pickthank; (n) interloper, gossip, annoying person, backseat driver, intermeddler, buttinsky, intriguer, intruder medicine: (n) drug, medication, medicament, therapy, physic, treatment, remedy, cathartic, medical science, preparation; (v) medicate meet: (v) find, converge, assemble, gather, fulfill, congregate, answer, cross, confront, intersect; (adv, v) encounter. ANTONYMS: (v) diverge, disperse, separate, part, leave, differ, disband meeting: (n) confluence, convention, concourse, assembly, conference, congress, council, meet, caucus, appointment, junction. ANTONYMS: (n) parting, trough melancholy: (adj, v) dreary; (adj, n) gloom, melancholic; (adj) depressed, dejected, dismal, gloomy, doleful; (n, v) low spirits; (n) gloominess, depression. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, cheerfulness, hopefulness, optimism; (adj) happy, bright, cheery, satisfied melted: (adj) molten, fluid, liquified, dissolved, liquefied, baked, fluent, touched, limpid, sorry, flowing memory: (n) memento, reminiscence, remembrance, recollection, recall, commemoration, anamnesis, storage, retrospect; (adj, n)

William Shakespeare posthumous fame; (v) mind mend: (adj, v) improve; (v) correct, cure, heal, doctor, better, amend, restore, convalesce; (n, v) fix, patch. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, tear, smash, decline, deteriorate; (n) fracture mercury: (n) Hg, hydrargyrum, quicksilver, metal, messenger, spirit, comet, Hermes, terrestrial planet, hectogram, iris mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, harshness, unkindness, severity, mercilessness, ruthlessness, impatience, inhumanity mere: (adj, n) entire; (adj) bare, simple, pure; (n) loch, tarn, boundary, absolute; (n, v) downright; (adv) merely; (adj, v) clear merited: (adj) deserved, just, suitable, rightful, right, due; (v) due to, richly deserved merits: (n) qualities merrily: (adv) gaily, cheerfully, blithely, cheerily, gladly, gleefully, mirthfully, brightly, jovially, joyfully, gayly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sadly, anxiously, miserably, unhappily, carefully, despondently merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful, glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome, lighthearted, festive; (adj, n) convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight mess: (n) jumble, clutter, hodgepodge, jam, difficulty, confusion, disorder, chaos; (v) soil, botch; (adj, n) scrape. ANTONYMS: (n) success, space, neatness, ease message: (n) communication, information, errand, letter, mission, dispatch, statement, word, lesson, significance, note methinks: (adv) meseems middle: (n) heart, hub, core, center; (adj, n) mean, median, mid; (adj) intermediate, halfway, mediate, central. ANTONYMS: (adj) extreme, outer, late, early; (adj, n) outside; (n) extremity, perimeter, beginning, end, circumference, surface midnight: (n) dark, noon, hour midwife: (n) accoucheur, oculist, howdy, obstetrician, aurist; (v) midwive might: (n) power, energy, ability, influence, strength, puissance,

vehemence, intensity; (v) may, can, could. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, feebleness, meekness mighty: (adj) immense, huge, grand, intense, high, big, forcible, strong, large, great; (adj, adv) powerful. ANTONYMS: (adj) puny, tiny, weak, insignificant mile: (n) MI, nautical mile, land mile, knot, Swedish mile, international nautical mile, Admiralty mile, air mile, geographical mile, Roman mile; (v) furlong milk: (v) squeeze, drain, tap, bleed, anodyne, balm; (n) buttermilk, colostrum, foremilk; (adj) gluten, chalk mill: (n) manufactory, grinder, factory, machine, plant, gristmill, foundry, engine, gin; (v) crush; (n, v) notch milliner: (n) sempstress, clothier, fribble, hatmaker, snip, shaper, merchandiser, tailor, costumier, merchant, maker million: (n) meg, myriad, one thousand thousand, heap, large integer, mint millions: (n) billions, jillions, trillions, large indefinite amount, zillions, myriad, large indefinite quantity mind: (n, v) intellect, notice, regard; (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, look after; (n) disposition. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, neglect, disregard, disobey, Miss, ignore; (n) emotion, inattention; (adj) physical minded: (prep) inclined; (adj, prep) disposed; (adj) willing, apt, ready, prone, orientated, favorable, oriented, prepared, partial mindless: (adj) inane, fatuous, foolish, asinine, stupid, unthinking, thoughtless, senseless, inconsiderate, hollow; (adj, v) forgetful. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, intelligent, wise, mindful, enthralling, voluntary mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n) excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve mingle: (v) compound, combine, merge, amalgamate, intermix, mix, commingle, associate, confuse, join, intermingle. ANTONYM: (v) part mingling: (adj) blending, merging, confluent, blended; (n) mixture, mixing, commixtion, interchange, exchange, commixture; (adv) minglingly minister: (n) envoy, priest, deputy,

179 divine, ambassador, churchman, clergyman, cleric, curate, ecclesiastic; (v) supply minutes: (n) record, transactions, records, memorandum, journal, minute, report, proceeding, legal proceeding, judicial proceeding, Hansard miracle: (adj, n) wonder, prodigy; (n) phenomenon, mystery, wonderwork, surprise, sensation, event, theurgy, astonishment, amazement mirror: (v) imitate, reflect, reproduce, represent; (n, v) copy, echo; (n) looking glass, looking-glass; (adj, n) standard, pattern, model mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) amusement, happiness, delight, joy, hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: (n) gloom, sadness, misery mischief: (adj, n) evil, hurt, harm; (n) damage, ill, detriment, disadvantage, devilry, caper, devilment, maleficence. ANTONYMS: (n) obedience, beneficence, help miserable: (adj, v) forlorn, wretched, unhappy; (adj) mean, low, abject, deplorable, downcast, bad, desolate; (adj, adv) meager. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, generous, cheerful, cheery, bright, fortunate, hopeful, jubilant, luxurious, overjoyed, heavenly misery: (adj, n) grief; (n, v) distress; (n) affliction, agony, anguish, woe, hardship, evil, ill, infelicity, suffering. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, ecstasy, cheerfulness, fun, hopefulness, peace, contentment, pleasure, wealth, sport, cheer miss: (v) lose, fail, jump, omit, overlook, long, forget; (n) maid, girl; (adj, v) fault; (n, v) want. ANTONYMS: (v) perceive, attend, achieve, have, succeed, hit, make, see, find, take; (n) success missingly: (adv) lostly, missing, miss, absently, deficiently, lackingly, nonexistently mistake: (n, v) miss, blunder, err, slip; (n) failure, error, misconception, misapprehension, defect, demerit; (v) misapprehend. ANTONYMS: (v) appreciate, distinguish, interpret mistress: (n) dame, concubine, madame, inamorata, lady, lover, fancy woman, doxy, girl, kept

180 woman, missis mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, approve moiety: (n) mediety, portion, part, parcel, section, piece, bit, division, cut, class moles: (n) suborder Lipotyphla, order Insectivora, Talpidae, hedgehogs, family Talpidae, Lipotyphla money: (n) currency, capital, kale, funds, means, lucre, assets, legal tender, pelf, cash, dough monster: (n) beast, fiend, devil, freak, brute, demon, ogre, leviathan, behemoth, monstrosity; (adj) huge monstrous: (adj) huge, atrocious, heinous, monster, immense, gigantic, grievous, ugly, flagitious, dreadful; (adj, v) grotesque. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, minute, beautiful, good, small, lovely, attractive month: (n) calendar month, months, lunation, minute, hour, day, period, quarter, quinquennium, year, moonshine moon: (adj) lunar; (n) month, moonshine, satellite, moonlight, luck, lunar month, GHURRY, epoch, orb of night; (v) daydream mort: (n) corpse, carcass mortal: (adj) deadly, fatal, lethal, deathly, earthly; (n) man, individual, creature, person, human being, body. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) immortal; (adj) eternal, heavenly, mild, perfect, spiritual mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin, mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v) father; (v) engender, generate, beget motion: (n) action, movement, gesticulation, play, exercise, passage; (n, v) wave, sign, signal; (v) beckon, gesticulate. ANTONYMS: (n) inertia, motionlessness, inactivity, stillness; (v) dismiss mould: (n, v) mildew, cast, form, model; (v) make, frame, knead, fashion, forge; (n) molding, matrix mountain: (n, v) mound; (n) heap, height, peak, mountain range, stack, pile, mass, Ben, volcano, bundle mourn: (v) bewail, grieve, deplore, cry, bemoan, regret, distress, sad, wail, mourning, weep. ANTONYMS: (v) rejoice, celebrate, applaud

The Winter's Tale mouth: (n) lip, lips, aperture, edge, entrance, snout, entry; (n, v) grimace; (v) articulate, pronounce, speak move: (v) excite, go, affect, carry, touch, instigate, travel; (n, v) act, drive, transfer, maneuver. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, restore, refrain, remain, rest, withdraw, stop, repel, come, leave moving: (adj) affecting, exciting, emotional, impressive, mobile, pitiful, poignant, touching; (n) movement, motive, transport. ANTONYMS: (adj) motionless, depressing, stationary, unemotional, fixed, unmoving, everyday, immobile, nonmoving, ridiculous, boring muddy: (adj) turbid, filthy, boggy, cloudy, dark, unclean, dingy, grimy, miry; (adj, v) foul, sloppy. ANTONYMS: (adj) clean, dry; (v) clarify, cleanse muffle: (v) deaden, dull, suppress, muzzle, smother, curb, silence, gag, hush, damp; (adj, v) stifle. ANTONYM: (v) amplify murder: (n, v) massacre, carnage, slaughter, homicide, butcher; (v) kill, slay, destroy, execute, dispatch, assassinate myself: (pron) me, itself, herself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) I, yourselves; (adv) in person, for myself, in my opinion. ANTONYMS: (adv) universally, generally mystery: (n) arcanum, enigma, mysteriousness, secrecy, puzzle, craft, perplexity, poser, inscrutability, whodunit; (adj, n) secret. ANTONYMS: (n) explanation, openness nail: (n, v) arrest, capture; (v) catch, collar, apprehend, hook, strike, hit, fasten, nab; (adj, n) pin. ANTONYMS: (v) unfasten, detach naked: (adj, v) bare; (adj) nude, exposed, open, barren, raw, bleak, unclothed, defenseless, au naturel, defenceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) covered, concealed, hidden, dressed name: (v) appoint, describe, baptize, list, enumerate, identify, cite, mention; (n, v) title, entitle; (n) epithet. ANTONYMS: (n) nobody, indecency named: (adj, v) called; (adj) nominative, nominal, chosen, appointed, nominated, designated, titled, specified; (v) benempt,

ycleped names: (n) calumny, defamation, hatchet job naming: (n) appointment, identification, denomination, appellation, nomination, indication, delegacy, assignment, mention; (adj, n) appellative; (adj) designating natural: (adj) inherent, innate, unaffected, instinctive, artless, congenital, inborn, normal, intrinsic, essential, native. ANTONYMS: (adj) affected, refined, false, cultivated, unnatural, paranormal, supernatural, abnormal, forced, exceptional, strained naturally: (adv, int) of course; (adv) spontaneously, unaffectedly, natively, openly, essentially, course, by nature, understandably, normally; (adj, adv) innately. ANTONYMS: (adv) artificially, surprisingly, uncharacteristically, pretentiously, unusually, abnormally, affectedly, shyly nature: (n) disposition, essence, quality, creation, breed, temperament, type, attribute; (adj, n) character, class, manner near: (adj, adv, v) close, at hand; (adv, prep) by, around, towards; (adj, v) familiar, adjoining, approximate; (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) almost; (adj) imminent. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, far, further, actual, exact; (v) leave nearer: (adj) adjacent, narre, hither; (adv) more rapidly, sooner, quicker, nigher, NER, faster, earlier, Neer nearest: (adj) proximate, immediate, close, near, next, adjoining, intimate, direct, adjacent; (adj, adv) nighest; (adv) fore. ANTONYM: (adj) distant neat: (adj) elegant, tidy, clear, natty, graceful, dainty, pretty, clever, pure, straight, nifty. ANTONYMS: (adj) messy, scruffy, unkempt, clumsy, disordered, disorderly, diluted, large, lax, impulsive, loose necessary: (adj, n, v) requisite; (adj, v) important; (adj) inevitable, compulsory, mandatory, fundamental, main, indispensable; (n) necessity, demand; (adj, n) basic. ANTONYMS: (adj) optional, surplus, needless, unjustified, dispensable, possible, unimportant, voluntary, nonessential, inappropriate; (n) inessential necessities: (n) supplies, necessity, essential, wants, support, subsistence, requirement, bread

William Shakespeare necessity: (n) demand, need, lack, exigency, essential, compulsion, emergency, distress, must, constraint, necessary. ANTONYMS: (n) inessential, treat, unimportance, luxury neck: (n) cervix, nape, neckband, neckline, isthmus; (v) make out, pet, love, cut; (adj) stricture, middle constriction necklace: (n) collar, chain, chaplet, bracelet, necklet, string, corona, neckband, jewelry, coronet, crown need: (adj, n, v) lack, want; (n, v) demand, desire, deficiency, must, destitution; (n) necessity, requirement; (v) require, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike, have; (n) option, luxury, glut, unimportance, affluence, prosperity needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar needless: (adj, v) unnecessary, superfluous; (adj) futile, dispensable, bootless, excessive, preventable, meaningless, pointless, wanton, unavailing. ANTONYMS: (adj) essential, worthwhile, inevitable, justifiable needs: (adv) inevitably, needfully, indispensably, by necessity, inescapably, of necessity, ineluctably; (n) must, requirement, necessity; (adj) needed ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not neglect: (n, v) disregard, slight, default; (v) ignore, fail, overlook, miss, forget, drop; (n) carelessness, omission. ANTONYMS: (n) development, surveillance, caution, affection, cherish; (v) do, protect, complete, remember, heed; (n, v) care negligence: (n) carelessness, disregard, dereliction, inattention, indifference, delinquency, heedlessness, neglectfulness, laches, inattentiveness, laxity. ANTONYMS: (n) attention, diligence, vigilance, caution, carefulness, concern, exactness, thoughtfulness, regard, decency, concentration negligent: (adj) neglectful, heedless, forgetful, reckless, inattentive, inadvertent, indifferent, slow, lax, untidy; (adj, v) remiss. ANTONYMS: (adj) strict, diligent, conscientious, careful, dutiful,

prompt, prudent, responsible, sensible, cautious neighbour: (adj) neighboring, neighbouring, neighborly, adjacent, contiguous; (v) abut, populate, adjoin, butt on, butt against; (n) neighbourhood neighbours: (n) neighborhood neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother neptune: (n) Nereid, triton, Poseidon, naiad, solar system nest: (n) den, lair, hole, burrow, home, beehive; (adj) brood, hive, litter; (adj, n) herd; (v) embed never: (adv) ne'er, Nevers, always, not ever, by no means, at all times, not at all, not, NE. ANTONYMS: (adv) always, forever newly: (adv) freshly, recently, lately, new, late, novelly, unusedly, anew, fresh; (adj, adv) afresh; (adj) recent news: (n) advice, message, information, intelligence, tidings, story, report, notice, communication, gossip; (adj) new next: (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, future, coming, ensuing, after; (adv, conj) then, afterward; (adj, v) subsequent. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) previous, previously, preceding; (adj) outgoing, distant; (adv) before nigh: (adj, adv, prep) near; (adj, adv) close, nearly, almost, nearby, most, all but, about, adjacent; (prep) by; (adj) approximate night: (n) dark, dusk, darkness, gloaming, twilight, nighttime, Nox, eventide, period; (adj) nocturnal, gloomy. ANTONYMS: (n) day, light, sunrise nimble: (adj) lively, adroit, agile, brisk, spry, alert, expeditious, energetic, clever, lithe; (adj, v) light. ANTONYMS: (adj) clumsy, heavy, stiff, slow, awkward, sluggish, unfit nine: (n) niner, club, ball club, baseball club, ennead, Nina from Carolina, three times three, ten, nightspot, clubhouse, queen nineteen: (adj, n) XIX; (n) large integer noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady nobleness: (n) dignity, generosity,

181 magnanimity, nobility, greatness, grandeur, stateliness, civil honors, goodness, glory, glorify nobody: (n) cipher, naught, zero, nil, nothing, nonentity, cypher, zip, whippersnapper, none; (n, pron) no one. ANTONYMS: (n) celebrity, notable, somebody; (pron) everyone, anyone, everybody noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, quietness, sense none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever noon: (n) high noon, noonday, noontide, afternoon, hour, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) meridian, meridional; (adj, n) culmination north: (adv) northwards, northerly, northward, in the north; (n) n, union, compass north, due north, magnetic north, norther; (adj) northbound northern: (adj) northerly, boreal, arctic, hyperborean, frigid, septentrional, most northern; (n) norther. ANTONYM: (adj) southern nose: (n) hooter, neb, nozzle, proboscis, honker, bow, odour; (v) wind, pry, scent; (n, v) sniff nostril: (n) flue, chimney, funnel, weasand, nozzle, port, throat, trachea, naris, anterior naris, nare notable: (adj) conspicuous, celebrated, illustrious, eminent, memorable, extraordinary, renowned, famous, remarkable; (n) luminary, celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, unknown, obscure, unimpressive, undistinguished; (n) nobody, nonentity note: (n, v) comment, mind, remark, mention, heed, mark, look, report; (n) indication, annotation; (v) detect. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) disgrace, invoice noted: (adj) famous, illustrious, glorious, conspicuous, well-known, known, celebrated, eminent, famed, renowned; (adj, v) notorious notes: (n) data, commentary, currency, paper, comments, remarks, annotation, information, ready money, observations, newspaper nothing: (adv, n) naught; (adj, n) nil, null; (n) nobody, cipher, nihil, nonentity, trifle, nix, aught, cypher.

182 ANTONYMS: (pron) anything, everything, some; (n) all nought: (adj, n) nil, naught, zero; (n) cipher, cypher, nobody, aught, nix, null, nada; (adj) no numbness: (n) dullness, anesthesia, stupor, torpor, apathy, symptom, torpidity, lethargy, deadness, indifference, anaesthesia. ANTONYMS: (n) sensation, feeling nuptial: (adj, n) bridal, marriage; (adj) marital, matrimonial, spousal, connubial, hymeneal, conjugal, wedding, married; (n) matrimony nurse: (n, v) nourish, nurture; (v) look after, entertain, attend, cherish, lactate, harbor, foster, cultivate, cradle oath: (n) expletive, malediction, imprecation, promise, affidavit, cuss, swearing, pledge, assurance, asseveration; (v) swear obedience: (n) meekness, submission, deference, obeisance, acquiescence, subordination, bow, observance, docility, loyalty, allegiance. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, defiance, naughtiness, resistance, divergence, chaos, wildness obedient: (adj) submissive, compliant, good, conformable, tame, acquiescent, dutiful, meek, biddable, amenable, subservient. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiant, assertive, rebellious, crooked, intractable, naughty, wild, resistant obey: (v) comply, listen, keep, fulfill, hear, conform, abide by, serve, comply with; (n, v) mind, heed. ANTONYMS: (v) disobey, defy, break, transgress, infringe, challenge, deny occasion: (n, v) cause; (n) case, event, juncture, episode, incident; (v) bring about, create, beget, make, induce occupation: (n) occupancy, business, craft, calling, job, place, vocation, career, function, line; (n, v) affair. ANTONYM: (n) surrender odds: (n) likelihood, probability, possibility, chance, advantage, likeliness, chances, disparity, prospect; (v) dissension; (adj) odd. ANTONYM: (n) unlikelihood o'er: (adv) on, upon, across offend: (v) irritate, affront, insult, contravene, injure, disgust, infringe, displease, abuse, wound, anger. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, praise, attract offended: (adj) angry, affronted, aggrieved, pained, wronged,

The Winter's Tale annoyed, insulted, shocked, vexed, resentful, injured. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, proud, unconcerned offer: (v) give, bestow, put, tender, extend, impart, introduce, advance, propose; (n) proposal, proposition. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold, take offering: (n, v) gift, grant; (n) oblation, contribution, donation, presentation, offer, present, endowment, gratuity, bestowal office: (n) function, position, agency, commission, appointment, division, place, bureau, post, job; (n, v) duty officers: (n) executive committee, staff offices: (n) kitchen, pantry, scullery officious: (adj, v) meddlesome; (adj) busy, interfering, meddling, obtrusive, impertinent, pragmatical, busybodied, overbearing, nosy; (v) pushing. ANTONYM: (adj) meek often: (adj, adv) oft; (adv) much, again and again, repeatedly, ofttimes, oftentimes, many times, always, commonly, again; (adj) frequent. ANTONYMS: (adv) seldom, infrequently, never oils: (n) oil paint oily: (adj, v) bland, soapy; (adj) fatty, fat, oleaginous, unctuous, slick, buttery; (adv) unctuously, smoothly, oleaginously. ANTONYM: (adj) lean once: (adv, n) formerly; (adv) before, ever, previously, one time, at one time, already, erst; (adj, adv) erstwhile; (adj) former; (n) whilom. ANTONYM: (adv) future open: (adj, n) frank, candid; (adj, n, v) clear; (adj) obvious, exposed, artless, free, honest, guileless, forthright, naked. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) shut; (v) close, end; (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, restricted, limited, reserved, secret opening: (n) gap, break, aperture, beginning, door, commencement, entrance, hole, occasion, cleft; (adj, n) preliminary. ANTONYMS: (adj) final, last; (adj, n) closing; (n) exit, finale, finish, ending, shutting, postscript, conclusion opinion: (adj, n, v) judgment, feeling, notion; (n) idea, belief, conjecture, advice, guess, impression, view; (n, v) meaning opportune: (adj, v) appropriate; (adj) favorable, apropos, auspicious, expedient, happy, handy, timely, felicitous, favourable; (v) becoming.

ANTONYMS: (adj) untimely, disadvantageous, inappropriate, inconvenient, unfortunate, unlucky opposed: (adj) conflicting, hostile, contrary, antagonistic, adverse, contrasted, repugnant, averse, irreconcilable, incompatible; (adj, v) opposing. ANTONYMS: (adj) sympathetic, compatible, unopposed, similar, favorable, eager, agreeable, inclined, friendly oracle: (n) prophet, divination, vaticinator, diviner, revelation, seer, sibyl, Solomon, soothsayer, vision, authority order: (n, v) command, direct, decree, dictate, sort, rank, array, commission, charge; (n) instruction, edict. ANTONYMS: (n, v) request; (n) mayhem, confusion, chaos, mess, anarchy, disorderliness, disarray; (v) disturb, deregulate, supply ordering: (n) disposition, sequence, order, disposal, grading, adjustment, management, decree, configuration, classification; (adj) imperative ornaments: (n) stuff, trim, ornamentation, equipments, dress, disposition, custom, curios, condition, clothing, gaudery others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission otherwise: (adv) besides, differently, or else, yet, alias, nevertheless, on the other hand, in addition; (adj, adv) other; (n) or; (adj) different ounce: (n) crumb, modicum, atom, morsel, bit, Oz, apothecaries' ounce, shred, little, a few; (adj, n) grain ourselves: (pron) myself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) me, yourselves, usself outer: (adj) exterior, outward, outside, extrinsic, outdoor, outlying, peripheral, surface, utter, extraneous, outmost. ANTONYMS: (adj) internal, inner, interior, inward, inside outside: (adv) outdoors, alfresco, out of doors; (n, prep) exterior; (adj, prep) external; (adj) outdoor, foreign, outer, extraneous, remote, outward. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n, prep) inside; (adj) indoor, internal, likely, strong; (prep) in, within; (adv) indoors; (adj, n) interior outwardly: (adv) exteriorly, superficially, apparently, outside, seemingly, without, ostensibly, evidently, extrinsically, outerly, outsidely. ANTONYMS: (adv)

William Shakespeare internally, underneath overture: (n, v) offer, advance; (n) prelude, approach, introduction, preface, opening, presentation, feeler, bid, motion. ANTONYMS: (n) finale, conclusion, postscript owning: (n) admission, avowal, confession, courteous recognition, acknowledgment pace: (n, v) walk, gait, rate, march, stride, footstep; (n) speed, tempo, rapidity, tread, celerity pack: (n, v) crowd, bundle, bunch, load; (n) herd, company, bevy, batch; (v) heap, compress, jam. ANTONYMS: (v) unpack, unload, disperse, empty, loosen paddling: (n) defeat, boating paid: (adj, v) compensated; (adj) salaried, paying, nonrecreational, profitable, remunerated, remunerative, mercenary, settled, prepaid, apaid. ANTONYMS: (adj) owing, due, unprofitable; (adv) voluntary pains: (n) nisus, labor, trouble, effort, exertion, labour, pain, care, struggle, attempt, strain painted: (adj) colored, dyed, coloured, motley, stained, tinted, variegated, particoloured, delineated, graphic; (v) depaint. ANTONYM: (adj) unpainted painting: (n) portrait, likeness, colouring, depiction, icon, illumination, image, design, coat, drawing, house painting pair: (n, v) match; (adj, n) brace; (n) duet, duo, dyad; (v) join, mate, link, copulate, equate, marry palace: (n) castle, mansion, hall, alcazar, chateau, palazzo, house, palaces, regime, fortress, serai pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) boundary, confine; (v) blanch. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken pantler: (n) noose, net paragon: (n) exemplar, ideal, model, perfection, paradigm, pattern, jimdandy, idol; (adj, n) beau ideal; (adj) phenix, pink parasite: (n) sponge, freeloader, sponger, bloodsucker, hanger-on, scrounger, ectoparasite, endoparasite, sucker, louse; (n, v) sycophant parcels: (n) post, correspondence, baggage, appurtenances, letters

parchment: (n) vellum, sheepskin, lambskin, diploma, testament, will; (v) foolscap, tablet, table, slate, pillar pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance part: (adj, n) constituent; (n) piece, article, section; (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce; (n, v) branch, division, character. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, entirety; (v) join, unite, meet, arrive, connect; (adv) wholly partake: (v) deal, touch, share, consume, attend, eat, taste, receive, communicate, join, have. ANTONYM: (v) refrain particular: (n) detail, item; (adj) fastidious, fussy, finicky, exact, individual, careful, definite, delicate, detailed. ANTONYMS: (adj) careless, easy, vague, ordinary, collective, generalized, slapdash, universal, strong, normal, indeterminate parting: (n) adieu, division, leave, departure, disunion, goodbye, leaving, segregation, dying, rupture; (adj) valedictory. ANTONYMS: (n) joining, meeting, connection, Reunion partlet: (n) chicken, cock, chanticleer, fowl, hen, rooster, barn door fowl, poultry, dunghill cock partly: (adj) half, semi, quasi; (adv) part, constituently, in part, sidely, moderately, halfway, incompletely, relatively. ANTONYMS: (adv) completely, wholly, entirely; (adj) fully partner: (n) copartner, pal, collaborator, colleague; (adj, n) associate, fellow, accomplice, companion, comrade, mate, ally. ANTONYMS: (n) superior, enemy parts: (n) faculty, nous, quick parts, sagacity, wit, surroundings; (adj) ingenuity, cleverness, capacity, turn, talents party: (n) company, band, group, assembly, crew, association, gathering, crowd, clique, meeting, celebration pash: (v) shiver, snog, splinter; (n) love, affection, adoration pass: (adj, n, v) run; (v) flow, give, deliver, lead, happen, overtake, proceed; (adj, v) move; (n, v) offer, live. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, make, take, veto; (n) failing, rejection,

183 exclusion passage: (n, v) course, journey; (n) gangway, corridor, hall, channel, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct. ANTONYMS: (n) rejection, room passing: (adj) transient, ephemeral, momentary, cursory, brief; (n) overtaking, departure, expiration, decease, passage, death. ANTONYMS: (adj) lasting, thorough, intended, lengthy, long; (n) birth, failing passion: (n) affection, fire, fervor, love, feeling, anger, enthusiasm, heat, craving, desire; (n, v) ardor. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, hate, serenity, meekness, hatred, doubt, dislike, calmness, moderation past: (n) history, yesterday; (adj, adv, prep) beyond; (adj) former, bygone, old, prior, over, gone by; (adv) before; (adv, pref) along. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) future, present; (prep) within; (adj) current, contemporary, modern, upcoming, following, subsequent, later; (n) prospect pastime: (n) game, avocation, entertainment, recreation, hobby, distraction, interest, fun, pursuit, amusement, sideline pate: (n) crown, noddle, nob, crest, chief, poll, cerebrum, brainpan, cranium, scull, upper story patience: (n) endurance, fortitude, longanimity, equanimity, tolerance, resignation, restraint, composure, sufferance; (n, v) moderation, calmness. ANTONYMS: (n) impatience, eagerness, intolerance, annoyance patient: (adj) forbearing, passive, calm, enduring, resigned, uncomplaining, tolerant, stoical, lenient, meek, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) intolerant, annoyed, eager, harsh pattern: (n) design, fashion, figure, norm, example, paragon; (n, v) mold, shape, form, order; (v) mould pawn: (n) bail, hostage, instrument, mortgage, gage, guarantee, bond, collateral, lien, tool; (v) hock. ANTONYM: (v) redeem peace: (adj, n) calm, quiet; (n) harmony, hush, repose, ease, amity, agreement, rest, pacification, order. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, agitation, war, distress, suffering, disruption, turbulence pedlar: (n) chapman, hawker,

184 huckster, packman, cadger, seller, coster, costermonger, vender, vendor, street vendor peerless: (adj) matchless, nonpareil, unique, unmatched, unrivaled, one and only, inimitable, supreme, superlative, unequaled, unmatchable. ANTONYM: (adj) vulnerable penitence: (n) penance, compunction, regret, contrition, remorse, rue, sorrow, atonement, grief, expiation, contriteness penitent: (adj) contrite, apologetic, sorry, remorseful, regretful, guilty, sorrowful, rueful, penitential; (n) flagellant, religionist. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrepentant, impenitent, unashamed, unremorseful pennyworth: (n) bargain perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, discover, see, grasp, find, know, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, observe, ignore perceived: (adj) sensed, apparent, supposed, professed, ostensible perdition: (adj, n) downfall, fall, ruin; (n) hell, inferno, infernal region, nether region, deperdition, bane, destruction, overthrow. ANTONYM: (n) heaven perfect: (adj, n, v) consummate, complete; (adj, n) absolute, full, entire; (adj) exact, utter, thorough, faultless, integral, exquisite. ANTONYMS: (adj) flawed, faulty, wrong, inferior, misshapen, incorrect, defective, used, everyday, unhappy, partial perfectly: (adj, adv) entirely; (adv) fully, thoroughly, consummately, utterly, flawlessly, absolutely, purely, totally, faultlessly, wholly. ANTONYMS: (adv) badly, imperfectly, incorrectly, wrong, inaccurately, partially, partly, poorly, unpleasantly, wrongly perform: (v) execute, fulfill, accomplish, do, achieve, complete, carry out, behave, make, play, appear. ANTONYMS: (v) omit, rehearse, malfunction, stop performed: (adj, v) done, finished; (adj) fulfilled peril: (n, v) hazard, risk, endanger, menace, adventure; (n) danger, jeopardy, chance; (v) imperil, expose, compromise. ANTONYM: (n) security perish: (v) expire, pass away,

The Winter's Tale decease, go, fade, decay, depart, fall, pass, ruin, annihilate. ANTONYMS: (v) survive, live, appear perpetual: (adj) incessant, continual, constant, endless, eternal, everlasting, lasting, ceaseless, immortal, continuous, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, intermittent, transitory, mortal, unstable, finite, inconstant, occasional, sporadic person: (n) individual, human, man, mortal, character, soul, human being, being, creature, body; (n, v) party personal: (adj) own, particular, human, intimate, peculiar, private, direct, proper, subjective, physical; (n) person. ANTONYMS: (adj) public, general, detached, collective, common, orthodox, formal, impersonal, outermost, external, typical persons: (n) folk, public, society, world pertain: (v) apply, appertain, belong, concern, affect, regard, refer, involve, touch, bear on, interest petition: (n, v) appeal, request, desire, claim; (v) ask, beg, crave, apply; (n) application, entreaty, invocation petty: (adj) insignificant, trivial, little, frivolous, paltry, puny, negligible, light, mean, minute, exiguous. ANTONYMS: (adj) important, serious, generous, profound, significant, expansive, crucial, considerable, broadminded, enormous pheasant: (n) monal, afropavo, peafowl, wildfowl, bird of Juno, golden pheasant, monaul, phasianid, Argus pheasant, Argus phoebus: (n) sun, Phoebus Apollo, orb of day, aurora physic: (n) medicine, aperient, cathartic, medication, healing, medicament, drug; (n, v) cure, doctor, remedy; (v) heal physics: (n) astronomy, natural philosophy, natural science, crystallography, astronautics, electronics, physical science, acoustics, physical, astronautical, astronautic picked: (adj) select, chosen, best, recherche, rare, priceless, preferred, pointed, elected, named; (v) choose picking: (n) option, selection, alternative, gathering, collection, choice, harvesting, leavings,

collecting, indefinite quantity; (v) choose picture: (v) describe, draw, imagine, depict; (n, v) photograph, paint, fancy; (n) effigy, drawing, likeness, depiction piece: (n) fragment, division, part, article, lump, hunk, composition, component, opus; (n, v) patch, portion. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, chunk; (v) disassemble pieces: (n) debris, trash piercing: (adj, n) sharp, cutting; (adj, v) keen, penetrating, biting, bitter, harsh, shrill; (adj) high, raw, loud. ANTONYMS: (adj) quiet, dull, soft, hot pilot: (n, v) guide, lead; (n) leader, aviator; (v) manage, direct, director, conduct, fly, navigate; (adj) experimental pinched: (adj) haggard, drawn, emaciated, cadaverous, narrow, penurious, thin, penniless, adenoidal; (adj, n) necessitous; (n) distressed. ANTONYM: (adj) relaxed pinching: (adj) biting, niggardly, fresh, piercing, cutting, inclement, keen, bitter, niveous, bleak; (adv) pinchingly pipe: (n) conduit, duct, flue, passage, pipage; (n, v) channel, cry; (v) squeak, sing, peep, screech piteous: (adj) miserable, pitiful, pathetic, doleful, lamentable, abject, compassionate, unfortunate, poor, paltry, pitiable pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, miserable, distressing, mean, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, impressive pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy place: (n, v) post, order; (v) fix, lay, arrange, locate, install; (adj, n, v) rank, station; (n) domicile, office. ANTONYMS: (v) remove, divest, lift, dismantle places: (n) chairs, seating, spaces plain: (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, manifest, obvious, clear, simple; (adj, n) flat, homely, humble. ANTONYMS: (adj) elaborate,

William Shakespeare unclear, multicolored, mottled, ornate, concealed, attractive, confused, fussy, obscure, patterned plainly: (adv) evidently, manifestly, clearly, distinctly, openly, obviously, patently, overtly, definitely; (adj, adv) frankly, honestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) imperceptibly, vaguely, obscurely, figuratively, unclearly, politely, incoherently, implicitly, finely, ambiguously, covertly planet: (n) globe, satellite, world, asteroid, sphere, planets, follower, celestial body, minor planet, morning star, orbiter plant: (v) fix, set, embed, graft, establish, constitute; (n, v) place; (n) manufactory, factory, equipment, herb. ANTONYMS: (v) dismantle, remove play: (n, v) act, frolic, pastime, game, sport, exercise, joke, bet, wager; (v) enact; (adj, v) perform. ANTONYMS: (n) tightness; (v) avoid, leave, real playfellow: (n) fellow, associate, pal, familiar, comrade, companion, buddy, playfere, chum, friend pleasant: (adj) jolly, amiable, agreeable, acceptable, nice, charming, kindly, facetious, joyful, pretty; (adj, v) pleasing. ANTONYMS: (adj) disgusting, horrible, repugnant, nasty, gruesome, unwelcome, harsh, shocking, disagreeable, foul, terrible please: (v) delight, charm, amuse, entertain, oblige, enchant, enrapture; (adj, v) gratify, enjoy, like; (adj) glad. ANTONYMS: (v) displease, annoy, irritate, anger, distress, sicken, disappoint, dissatisfy, sadden, repel, appall pleased: (adj) contented, glad, delighted, content, joyful, thankful, gratified, appreciative, overjoyed, cheerful; (adj, v) elated. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, annoyed, angry, worried, ashamed, disappointed, frustrated, sad, unsatisfied, ungrateful, uncomplimentary pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment, delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache, displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, worry, anguish plentifully: (adv) plenteously,

bountifully, bounteously, abundantly, profusely, richly, fully, liberally, opulently, amply, prolifically. ANTONYM: (adv) meagerly plight: (n) condition, predicament, fix, fettle, quandary, dilemma, case, guarantee; (n, v) engage, promise; (v) covenant plot: (n, v) plan, intrigue, cabal, plat, scheme, design, chart; (n) lot, patch, graph; (v) conspire pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge plucking: (n) harvesting, rip out pocket: (v) take, appropriate, steal, lift, catch; (n, v) sack, pouch; (n) cavity, hole, hollow; (adj) digest. ANTONYM: (v) return point: (n, v) grade, head, nib, level, aim, degree; (n) peak, article, dot; (adj, n) edge; (v) direct. ANTONYM: (n) middle points: (n) turnout, handicap, interest, percentage, brownie points, commendation, credit, eight points, share, terms poison: (adj, v) contaminate, taint; (n, v) envenom, drug, empoison; (adj) toxic, poisonous; (v) defile, intoxicate; (n) bane, venom. ANTONYMS: (n) cure; (v) clean pomp: (n) grandeur, parade, ostentation, show, ceremony, glory, luxury, pageantry, magnificence, state, splendor. ANTONYMS: (n) understatement, modesty pond: (n) lake, mere, pool, plash, loch, fishpond, sea, tank, reservoir, millpond, broad ponderous: (adj) heavy, grave, onerous, burdensome, massive, unwieldy, bulky, stodgy, hard, tedious, dull. ANTONYMS: (adj) elegant, graceful, lively, brisk, manageable poor: (adj) bad, miserable, piteous, destitute, pitiful, insufficient, penniless, pathetic; (adj, v) meager; (adj, n) paltry, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) wealthy, excellent, privileged, admirable, good, adequate, satisfactory, outstanding, favorable, dignified, comfortable portion: (n, v) division, lot, allot, dividend, divide; (n) piece, parcel, fragment, component, section; (adj, n) constituent. ANTONYM: (n) whole

185 possess: (adj, v) own; (v) hold, wield, occupy, bear, keep, enjoy, contain, retain, to have, maintain. ANTONYMS: (v) lack, remove possible: (adj) imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, probable, practical, potential, tolerable, thinkable. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlikely, compulsory, actual, implausible, unrealistic, unattainable potent: (adj) forcible, influential, forceful, cogent, hard, mighty, persuasive, strong, efficacious; (adj, n) effective, effectual. ANTONYMS: (adj) impotent, ineffective, insignificant pound: (n, v) pen, hammer, thump; (v) palpitate, grind, maul, crush, bang, flap, mash, buffet pour: (v) gush, shed, decant, scatter, stream, flow, pelt, discharge, teem, infuse; (n, v) overflow. ANTONYMS: (v) drizzle, trickle poverty: (n, v) lack, destitution, penury, need, indigence, want; (adj, n) distress; (n) pauperism, impoverishment, squalor, deprivation. ANTONYMS: (n) wealth, riches, affluence, smartness, luxury, prosperity, fertility, surplus power: (n, v) might, ability, influence, dominion, faculty; (n) potency, energy, control, authority, domination, strength. ANTONYMS: (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, inability, subjugation, moderation, calmness, meekness, inferiority, feebleness, ease powerful: (adj) potent, muscular, strong, hard, able, brawny, vigorous, energetic, intense; (adj, adv) mighty; (adj, prep) forcible. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, mild, unimportant, calm, faint, frail, gentle, ineffective, modest, insignificant, lightweight powers: (n) authority, capacity, strength, administration practice: (n, v) exercise, drill, discipline, use; (n) fashion, convention, habitude, habit, experience, form, observance. ANTONYMS: (n) theory, innovation; (v) perform praise: (v) approve, extol, flatter, celebrate, glorify; (n, v) commend, compliment, honor, glory, acclaim; (n) applause. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, disparagement; (v) reprimand, disparage, reproach, scold, belittle, rebuke, chastise,

186 denigrate, sully pranks: (n) trouble prate: (n, v) gossip, chatter, prattle, tattle; (v) jabber, gab, chat, natter, clack, palaver, gabble prating: (n) trash, drivel, report; (v) click, clack pray: (v) beg, implore, entreat, crave, invite, plead, beseech, appeal, importune, adjure, invoke. ANTONYM: (v) reject prayer: (n) invocation, plea, entreaty, appeal, orison, request, suit, litany, devotion, supplication, asking precious: (adj, n) beloved; (adj) valuable, costly, cherished, invaluable, expensive, golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite; (n) darling. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap, hated, shabby predominant: (adj) paramount, chief, overriding, prevailing, main, supreme, ruling, sovereign, principal; (adj, v) prevalent, regnant. ANTONYMS: (adj) minor, subsidiary, peripheral, sparse preferment: (n) advancement, elevation, priority, preference, consecration, induction, institution, ordination, holy orders, translation; (n, v) promotion. ANTONYM: (n) demotion pregnant: (adj, v) significant; (adj) meaningful, fraught, gravid, expectant, enceinte, heavy, big, meaning; (v) impregnate, conceive. ANTONYM: (adj) nonpregnant prepare: (n, v) arrange, form, plan, make; (v) dress, set, lay, devise, groom, equip; (adj, v) coach. ANTONYM: (v) perform preposterous: (adj) absurd, irrational, ludicrous, nonsensical, foolish, ridiculous, laughable, derisory, monstrous, inconsistent; (adj, v) extravagant. ANTONYMS: (adj) sensible, reasonable, impressive, plausible presence: (n) front, manner, mien, bearing, carriage, figure, air, comportment, demeanor, company; (n, v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) absence, nonattendance present: (adj, n, v) gift, grant; (n, v) donation, display; (adj, v) confer, bestow; (v) introduce, give, prefer, offer, perform. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, withhold, consume, take; (adj) missing, lost, dated, historical; (adj, n) past, future; (n) history presently: (adv) instantly, directly, currently, before long, shortly, soon,

The Winter's Tale now, at present, readily, just, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, now, formerly preserve: (v) maintain, keep, save, guard, hold, defend, uphold, keep up; (n) jam, jelly, conserves. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, discontinue, damage, lose, attack, endanger, use, end pretence: (n) deceit, pretext, dissimulation, pretense, affectation, falsehood, deception, hypocrisy, bluff, appearance, pretension prettily: (adv) beautifully, charmingly, pleasantly, handsomely, finely, neatly, gracefully, picturesquely, elegantly, delightfully, pleasingly. ANTONYMS: (adv) unattractively, unpleasantly pretty: (adj) fair, graceful, lovely, handsome, attractive, charming, good-looking, picturesque, dainty; (n) nice; (adv) very. ANTONYMS: (adj) plain, unattractive, modern, inelegant; (adv) extremely prevented: (adj) disallowed, barred, banned. ANTONYM: (adj) legitimate prey: (n) chase, game, victim, immolation, quarry, target, mark, capture; (n, v) plunder, raven; (v) eat. ANTONYMS: (n) hunter, predator priest: (adj, n) clergyman, divine; (n) minister, ecclesiastic, churchman, pastor, celebrant, parson, cleric, presbyter, chaplain prig: (v) pilfer, filch, steal, rob, purloin, thieve; (n) nim, snob, old maid, pedant, filcher prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, duke, king, chief, maharaja, maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke princely: (adj, v) August, grand, great, lordly, dignified, stately; (adj) generous, munificent, majestic, magnificent, gorgeous. ANTONYM: (adj) ungenerous princess: (n) queen, duchess, begum, czarina, maharani, monarch, archduchess, lady, patrician, maharanee, mopsey principal: (adj, n) chief, master, cardinal, primary, leading, capital, prime, main; (adj) grand; (n) manager, leader. ANTONYMS: (adj) secondary, subordinate, peripheral, trivial, marginal, side print: (n, v) mark, impress, photograph; (n) impression,

engraving, printing, picture, lettering, copy; (v) issue, engrave prison: (n) calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, chokey, college, prison house, limbo, confine, custody prisoner: (n) captive, hostage, jailbird, accused, con, gaolbird, criminal, detainee, inmate, defendant, unfortunate privately: (adv) covertly, privily, confidentially, personally, closely, stealthily, secludedly, domestically, informally, retiredly; (adj, adv) quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) publicly, officially privilege: (n) liberty, prerogative, immunity, freedom, grant, franchise, exemption, concession, claim; (n, v) license, permit. ANTONYM: (n) insult prize: (v) appreciate, esteem, value, cherish, admire; (n) plunder, award, booty, premium; (n, v) treasure, honor. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, scorn, hate; (n) dud proceed: (v) move, advance, originate, ensue, flow, issue, arise, emanate; (adj, v) pass, run, extend. ANTONYMS: (v) discontinue, recede, regress, return, retreat process: (n, v) action, course, function, act; (n) proceeding, operation, method, procedure, formula, outgrowth; (v) refine. ANTONYM: (v) contaminate proclaim: (v) declare, assert, advertise, broadcast, promulgate, enunciate, herald, decree, divulge, notify, annunciate proclaimed: (adj) announced, indictive, declared publicly procure: (v) get, obtain, buy, earn, win, gain, have, purchase, induce, derive, find. ANTONYM: (v) give prodigal: (adj) extravagant, improvident, generous, lavish, wasteful, excessive, exuberant, liberal, profuse, dissipated; (adj, n) profligate. ANTONYMS: (adj) economical, cautious produce: (n, v) effect, gain, make, cause; (v) bring, present, procreate, bring about, generate, breed, construct. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, consume, halt profaneness: (n) blasphemy, irreverence, unholiness, sacrilege, sacrilegiousness, irreligion, godlessness, unsanctification, impiety profess: (v) assert, feign, affirm,

William Shakespeare avow, state, pretend, claim, confess, allege, aver; (n, v) protest. ANTONYM: (v) repress professors: (n) faculty profit: (n, v) gain, produce, net, increase, help; (adj, n, v) benefit, advantage; (n) account, earnings, lucre; (adj, n) good. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, detriment, insignificance profound: (adj) abstruse, intense, heavy, important, sound, bottomless, grave, obscure, utter, abysmal; (adj, v) solid. ANTONYMS: (adj) shallow, trivial, lightweight, stupid, simple, mild, facile, slight, insignificant, prosaic prognostication: (n) divination, prediction, prognosis, prevision, presage, omen, forecast, anticipation, vaticination, prophecy; (adj, n) augury promise: (n, v) covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, bargain; (v) augur, assure; (n) engagement, assurance, plight, word promised: (adj) pledged, affianced, betrothed, busy, devoted, employed, greatly interested, intended, involved; (v) benempt, named prone: (adj) liable, apt, inclined, disposed, subject, flat, predisposed, likely, prostrate, procumbent, susceptible. ANTONYMS: (adj) upright, immune, resistant, unwilling, impervious, disinclined proof: (n) confirmation, probation, authentication, sign, substantiation, evidence, verification, validation, argument, experiment, indication. ANTONYM: (n) contradiction proper: (adj) due, decent, modest, agreeable, fitting, legitimate, right; (adj, v) correct, fit, becoming; (adj, n) just. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, wrong, unseemly, rude, unconventional, unsuitable, false, relaxed, vulgar, unreasonable, undue properly: (adv) duly, decently, appropriately, neatly, exactly, rightly, becomingly, fittingly, fitly, seemly, aptly. ANTONYMS: (adv) improperly, incorrectly, inappropriately, unlawfully, unsuitably, unduly, informally, indecently, dishonorably, badly, jokingly prophesy: (n, v) presage; (v) prognosticate, foretell, augur, foreshow, forecast, portend, foreshadow, forebode, bode, anticipate

prosper: (v) advance, flower, thrive, grow, bloom, succeed, boom, get ahead, get on; (adj) luxuriate; (n, v) fare. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate, collapse, decrease, dwindle, decline prosperous: (adj, n) lucky, auspicious, fortunate; (adj) flourishing, favorable, opulent, easy, comfortable, affluent, advantageous, successful. ANTONYMS: (adj) depressed, unsuccessful, failing, underprivileged, impoverished protest: (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question; (v) assert, object, complain, remonstrate, demur; (n, v) moan. ANTONYMS: (n, v) support, praise; (n) approval, acceptance; (v) approve, agree protestation: (n) protest, objection, declaration, outcry, complaint, claim, demur, dissent, opposition, statement, affirmation prove: (v) attest, manifest, evidence, establish, show, examine, verify, essay, check, corroborate; (adj, v) confirm. ANTONYMS: (v) refute, undermine proverb: (n) adage, byword, aphorism, dictum, saying, axiom, parable, motto, expression; (n, v) maxim, saw provided: (adv) in case, provided always; (conj) if; (n) conditionally, as if, quasi; (adj) fitted, instructed, enlightened, arranged; (v) foreseen province: (n, v) district, department; (n) field, county, land, region, domain, colony, duty, sphere, line public: (n) folk, people, populace; (adj) national, overt, civic, communal, popular; (adj, v) general, open; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) private, confidential, personal, individual, privileged, restricted, unknown, home, secret publicly: (adv) overtly, publically, in public, generally, communally, commonly, socially, stately, vulgarly, plainly, usually. ANTONYMS: (adv) privately, secretly, informally pugging: (n) infilling punish: (v) amerce, discipline, castigate, chasten, chastise, penalize, strike, avenge, pay, beat, execute. ANTONYMS: (v) excuse, exonerate, pardon, reward, commend purblind: (adj) obtuse, opaque, dim, dumb, myopic, nearsighted, dense, dull, blinding, visually impaired; (v)

187 shortsighted purchase: (v) obtain, get, procure, bribe; (n) acquisition, leverage, bargain, acquirement, grip, buying; (n, v) contract. ANTONYMS: (v) sell, lose; (n) loss, sale purchased: (adj) boughten, not homemade; (prep) bribed pure: (adj) absolute, natural, faultless, innocent, immaculate, perfect, good, clean; (adj, n) chaste, genuine; (adj, v) mere. ANTONYMS: (adj) contaminated, dishonored, diluted, tainted, wicked, practical, polluted, flawed, marred, unsaturated, unchaste purge: (v) clean, expurgate, eradicate, clear, scour, remove, purify, make clean, liquidate; (n) catharsis, purification. ANTONYMS: (n, v) binge; (v) rehabilitate, castigate puritan: (adj) blue, puritanic, puritanical, Methodist, formalist, religionist; (n) precisian, devotee, sanyasi, yogi; (v) coquette purity: (n) holiness, cleanness, cleanliness, virtue, honor, perfection, pureness, sanctity, chastity, elegance; (adj, n) clearness. ANTONYMS: (n) coarseness, impurity, contamination, clutter, dirtiness, corruption, mustiness purpose: (n, v) plan, intention, design, project, resolve, purport, end, object; (n) mind, effect, motive. ANTONYM: (n) weakness purse: (n) bag, pouch, money, handbag, sac, currency, pocketbook, pelf; (v) wrinkle, pucker, crease pursued: (n) hunted person push: (n, v) press, thrust, impel, jolt, force, jab, nudge, crowd, prod, poke; (v) jostle. ANTONYMS: (v) drag, haul, unpack, inhibit, leave, oppose, prevent, restrain, understate, calm; (n) apathy puts: (n) stocks, securities, preferred stock, common stock, bonds quake: (n) earthquake; (n, v) tremor, tremble, shudder, shake; (adj, n, v) shiver; (v) quail, flutter, flicker, vibrate, fluctuate qualified: (adj) competent, capable, eligible, efficient, proficient, fit, conditional, able, clever, expert, certified. ANTONYMS: (adj) unofficial, total, definite, unreserved, immature, amateur, inept, inexperienced, unrestricted, absolute, ineligible quart: (n) quartile, quartic, quartilunar, quartole, quartlet,

188 quarts, quarto, quarter quarters: (n) abode, domicile, lodging, residence, quarter, diggings, pad, digs, lodgings, accommodation, barracks queen: (n) king, lady, sovereign, monarch, dame, pansy, queer, faggot, princess, fairy, czarina quench: (adj, v) extinguish, allay, slake; (v) appease, quash, put out, destroy, assuage, annihilate, calm, chill. ANTONYMS: (v) stimulate, light question: (n, v) query, distrust, interrogate, matter, challenge, demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate, inquire, contest, examine. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise, reply, believe, accept quick: (adj) bright, hasty, agile, nimble, intelligent, clever, speedy, active, immediate, instant; (adj, v) prompt. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, dull, dim, thick, unintelligent, thorough, inept, unobservant, lengthy, long, permanent quickly: (adv) promptly, rapidly, expeditiously, readily, speedily, swiftly, suddenly, hastily; (adj, adv) immediately, shortly; (adv, n) instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently, later, eventually, thoroughly quiet: (adj, adv, v) still; (adj, n, v) lull, hush, pacify, compose, appease, assuage; (adj, v) moderate, cool; (adj, adv) gentle, motionless. ANTONYMS: (adj) noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, oratorical, fierce, vocal, unquiet, busy, disordered; (n) noise quit: (adj, n, v) leave; (v) go, drop, break, cease, give up, depart, end, discontinue; (adj, v) discharge; (n, v) part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, occupy, enter, maintain, start, come, arrive quite: (adj, adv) altogether, fully, sheer, just; (adv) all, absolutely, completely, entirely, exactly, enough, well. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, slightly, insufficiently, partially race: (adj, n) kind; (adj, n, v) dash, rush; (n, v) course, run, career; (n) family, people; (v) hurry, hasten, fly. ANTONYMS: (v) linger, amble rags: (adj) refuse, rubble, scourings, sweepings, trash, waste; (n) clothing, tatter, orts, odds and ends, dress

The Winter's Tale rainbow: (n) tortoise shell, tulip, sunbow, spectrum, peacock, dream, chimera; (adj) multicolored, motley, kaleidoscopic, colorful raise: (n, v) lift, boost, increase; (v) erect, hoist, grow, enhance, build, elevate, promote, foster. ANTONYMS: (n, v) downgrade; (v) lessen, demote, decrease, level, reduce, dismantle, knock; (n) lowering, reduction, descent rank: (n, v) range, order, place, position, grade, class, line, file; (v) arrange, classify; (n) gradation. ANTONYMS: (adj) sparse, pleasant, clean rare: (adj) uncommon, thin, unusual, seldom, scarce, precious, exceptional, infrequent, few, choice, fine. ANTONYMS: (adj) common, frequent, usual, plentiful, commonplace, recurrent rarely: (adv) unusually, infrequently, scarcely, seldom, singularly, exceptionally, specially, sparsely, hardly, sporadically; (adj) rare. ANTONYMS: (adv) frequently, usually, often, commonly rascal: (n) villain, rapscallion, monkey, miscreant, knave, scoundrel, scamp, rogue, varlet, vagabond, brat rash: (adj, n) foolhardy, hasty, precipitate, eruption; (adj) imprudent, reckless, impetuous, heedless, audacious, sudden; (adj, adv) thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautious, careful, sensible, wise, considered, deliberate, prudent, modest, slow, responsible, patient rashness: (n) temerity, precipitation, recklessness, hastiness, imprudence, heedlessness, folly, precipitancy, indiscretion, carelessness, adventurism. ANTONYMS: (n) caution, consideration, deliberation, patience, discretion, carefulness, forethought rather: (adv) a little, enough, fairly, pretty, moderately, considerably, very, relatively, kind of, instead, kinda. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, absolutely; (adj) complete reach: (n, v) fetch, stretch; (adj, v) overtake, pass, extend; (v) obtain, achieve, make, attain, get; (n) compass. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, differ, fail read: (v) say, decipher, understand, learn, construe, perceive, gather, indicate, demonstrate, translate,

comprehend. ANTONYM: (v) write ready: (v) prepare, fix; (adj, v) fit, disposed, willing; (adj) quick, prompt, nimble, apt; (adj, n) available, dexterous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, unavailable, unready, unripe, difficult, unenthusiastic, young rear: (v) breed, raise, bring up, nurture, educate, foster, nurse; (adj, v) erect; (n) tail; (adj, n) posterior; (adj) after. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) front; (adj) fore; (n) head; (v) level reason: (n) account, intellect, occasion, object, understanding, argument, purpose; (n, v) cause; (v) argue, debate; (adj, n) rationality. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsistency, disincentive reasonable: (adj) rational, just, fair, legitimate, judicious, sensible, sane, temperate, impartial, inexpensive, equitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unfair, expensive, unsatisfactory, inadequate, excessive, intolerable, intemperate, inexplicable, ridiculous, obsessional reasons: (n) proof rebellion: (n) revolt, insurrection, mutiny, disobedience, uprising, unrest, revolution, outbreak, defiance, insurgency, commotion. ANTONYMS: (n) consent, compliance rebuke: (n, v) reprimand, rebuff, reproach, chide, blame, reproof, lecture, check; (v) castigate, berate; (n) admonition. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise, compliment; (v) commend, acknowledge, approve; (n) approval recall: (adj, v) reverse; (v) revoke, rescind, recognize, recollect, remember, repeal, countermand; (n) memory, anamnesis; (n, v) return. ANTONYMS: (v) issue, dissolve receive: (v) get, admit, assume, have, welcome, bear, obtain, adopt, make, greet, embrace. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, disburse, lose, mail, present, spend, dispatch received: (adj) acknowledged, conventional, standard, accredited, acceptable, orthodox, canonical, normative; (v) receiving, current, ascertained. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconventional, nonstandard recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse. ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive;

William Shakespeare (n) penalty reconcile: (adj, v) conciliate, accord, harmonize; (v) accommodate, pacify, placate, mediate, adjust, harmonise, make up, propitiate. ANTONYMS: (v) alienate, estrange, provoke, quarrel, segregate, worsen reconciled: (adj) consistent, resigned, serene, meet; (v) made friends, affriended. ANTONYM: (adj) unreconciled recovered: (adj) cured, retrieved, well, well again, healthier, aged, improved, whole, better, corned. ANTONYM: (adj) worse recreation: (n) amusement, distraction, pastime, play, diversion, merriment, leisure, fun, game, frolic, sport refer: (v) pertain, allude, apply, deliver, commend, impute, name, advert, relate, invoke, attribute reflect: (v) deliberate, ponder, cogitate, muse, consider, meditate, contemplate, think, mull over, mull, mirror. ANTONYM: (v) ignore refresh: (v) air, enliven, invigorate, update, comfort, regenerate, rejuvenate, cool, renew, restore; (adj) refreshing. ANTONYMS: (v) exhaust, tire, weary, stagnate, drain, kill regard: (n, v) respect, esteem, attention, heed, concern, note; (adj, n, v) notice; (v) estimate, believe; (adj, v) attend; (n) deference. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect, disesteem, inattentiveness, disdain, detachment, infamy; (v) ignore, scorn, disregard rehearse: (v) recount, recite, repeat, exercise, practice, relate, drill, enumerate, tell, say, practise. ANTONYM: (v) perform reign: (v) govern, command, predominate, dominate, prevail; (n) dominance, dominion, control, government, administration, kingdom reigning: (adj) regnant, predominant, overruling, reign, sovereign, controlling, royal, dominant, ascendant, prevalent, chief rein: (n) bridle, curb, restraint, check, strap; (v) leash, harness, contain, rule, rein in, confine reiterate: (v) recapitulate, iterate, rehearse, echo, ingeminate, recur, duplicate, say again, reword, retell, restate rejoice: (v) cheer, gladden, triumph, revel, jubilate, gratify, gloat, please;

(n, v) delight, glory, joy. ANTONYMS: (v) lament, mourn, complain rejoicing: (n) exultation, jubilation, happiness, joy, mirth, pleasure, elation; (adj) jubilant, exultant; (v) rejoice; (adv) rejoicingly. ANTONYM: (n) sadness relation: (n) narration, recital, association, affinity, description, rehearsal, kin, relative; (n, v) account, report, regard remain: (n, v) abide, endure, continue, last; (v) bide, linger, stay, keep, persist, live, hold. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, depart, change, move, go, become, stop remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend, relieve, correct; (n) drug. ANTONYM: (n) poison remember: (v) commemorate, recognize, recollect, recall, consider, memorize, think, mind, call to mind, retain, bear in mind. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect, overlook remembrance: (n, v) recollection, mind; (n) commemoration, memorial, recall, relic, monument, keepsake, reminiscence, recognition; (adj, n) memento remote: (adj) aloof, inaccessible, outside, detached, faint, alien, unapproachable, secluded, far, foreign, isolated. ANTONYMS: (adj) near, nearby, accessible, likely, strong, neighboring, central, close, friendly, relevant, approachable remove: (v) oust, pull, expel, eject, deduct, discharge, strip, get rid of, delete; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) take. ANTONYMS: (v) place, install, add, wedge, take, bring, attach, construct, wrap, restore, provide removed: (adj) distant, remote, separate, far, detached, abstracted, absent, apart, aloof, separated, outlying. ANTONYMS: (adj) connected, together, worldly repent: (v) deplore, bewail, rue, mourn, lament, atone, sorry, bemoan, feel remorse, grieve, be sorry reply: (n) echo, response, reaction, repay; (n, v) return, rejoinder; (v) respond, react, rejoin, retort, counter. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) interrogate, ignore report: (n, v) account, gossip, name, record; (n) description, notice, recital, story, notification; (v) describe, recount

189 reporting: (n) coverage, notification, insurance, performance reporting, news, line reporting, publication, insurance coverage, registration, announcement; (adv) under represented: (adj) delineate, depicted, representing, drawn, painted, pictured, diagrammatic reputation: (n) name, prestige, distinction, face, celebrity, credit, character; (n, v) honor, esteem, report; (adj, n) renown. ANTONYMS: (n) infamy, dishonor, obscurity reputed: (adj) supposed, renowned, famous, conjectural, assumed, famed, eminent, prominent, alleged, well-known, distinguished. ANTONYM: (adj) known request: (n, v) demand, bid, invite, wish, appeal; (v) ask, order, pray, call for; (n) prayer, application. ANTONYMS: (v) command, grant, insist, force, supply, reject; (n) ruling, response requisite: (n) need, necessity, requirement, must; (adj, n) necessary, prerequisite; (adj) required, mandatory, needful, compulsory, obligatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) voluntary, optional, dispensable; (n) inessential, luxury resemblance: (n) affinity, parallel, similarity, comparison, correspondence, likeness, conformity, appearance, analogy, semblance, resemble. ANTONYMS: (n) dissimilarity, contrast resolution: (n) determination, purpose, firmness, conclusion, answer, solution, resolve, decomposition, resoluteness, perseverance, settlement. ANTONYMS: (n) problem, feebleness, indecision, irresoluteness, irresolution, weakness, indifference resolve: (n, v) purpose; (v) determine, solve, decide, dissolve, decompose, settle; (n) determination, firmness, decision, resolution. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, irresoluteness, vacillation, cowardice, flexibility, indecisiveness, indifference; (v) aggravate, complicate, exacerbate, waver resort: (n, v) repair, haunt; (n) expedient, refuge, holiday resort, playground, covert, retreat; (v) recur, rendezvous, frequent. ANTONYM: (v) rise

190 respect: (adj, n, v) regard, worship; (n, v) esteem, heed, notice, reverence; (v) observe, keep, appreciate; (n) homage, deference. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scorn, dishonor, disregard; (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, disdain; (v) despise, humiliate, break, taint rest: (adj, n) remnant, remainder, residue; (n, v) pause, balance, nap, relaxation, sleep; (n) recess, leisure; (v) remain. ANTONYMS: (n) activity, agitation, intensification; (v) change, stand, deteriorate retire: (v) resign, retreat, withdraw, leave, abdicate, ebb, depart, turn in, fall back, hit the hay, go to bed. ANTONYMS: (v) remain, enter retired: (adj) obscure, secluded, sequestered, solitary, emeritus, secret, lonely, withdrawn, superannuated, close; (adj, v) covert revenge: (n) retribution, vengeance, reprisal, retaliation, repayment, grudge, punishment; (v) retaliate, repay, requite, vindicate revenue: (n) receipts, proceeds, profit, earnings, interest, return, yield, gain, gate, returns, incomings. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, outgoings revolted: (adj) sickened, sick, shocked, horrified, disgusted, appalled riband: (n) ribbon, fascia, band, ribband, spill, slip, shred, strip, wreath, medal, list ribbons: (n) cavesson, hackamore, jaquima, lines, streamer, streamers, ticker tape, paper chain, decoration, decorations, bunting rice: (adj) meal, bran, farina, flour, sporule; (n) paddy, Oryza, cereal, grain, food grain, cereal grass rich: (adj, n) copious, luxurious; (adj) productive, fruitful, full, deep, prolific, opulent, fat, affluent; (adj, v) fertile. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, impoverished, destitute, broke, light, plain, lean, delicate, infertile, weak, barren richly: (adv) wealthily, copiously, opulently, lavishly, abundantly, sumptuously, affluently, profusely, amply, plentifully, fully. ANTONYMS: (adv) meagerly, poorly, simply, barely ride: (n, v) outing; (adj, v) bestride; (n) run, lift, jaunt; (v) mount, bait, float, rag, tease, harass rift: (n, v) breach, fissure, split; (n) gap, break, chasm, crack, crevice, cleft, misunderstanding, rupture.

The Winter's Tale ANTONYM: (n) unity right-hand: (adj) righthand, right, dextral, essential rigour: (n) hardship, hardness, grimness, rigidity, strict, rigor, rigorousness, asperity, cruelty, acrimony, severity rings: (n) ornaments, necklaces, jewels, costume jewelry, charms, bracelets ripe: (adj) adult, ready, advanced, prepared, good, grown, perfect, matured, finished, consummate; (adj, v) mellow. ANTONYMS: (adj) green, unripe, immature, dry, poisonous, young, unsuitable, sweet road: (n) way, track, course, route, avenue, highway, approach, thoroughfare, direction; (n, v) passage, line roaring: (n) bellowing, roar, bellow, thunder; (adj) booming, prosperous, thriving, flourishing, deafening, noisy, boisterous robbed: (adj) plundered, rubato, fleeced, borrowed, bereft robe: (n, v) dress, array, vest, garb, apparel; (v) clothe, attire, rig; (n) gown, cloak, garment robes: (n) garb, fine clothes, costume, best clothes rogue: (n, v) rascal; (n) knave, imp, miscreant, crook, cheat, impostor, swindler, cad, villain, scoundrel room: (n) chamber, occasion, house, apartment, opportunity, hall, opening, compartment, expanse, extent; (v) board. ANTONYM: (n) walkway root: (n) foundation, base, origin, basis, radix, cause, derivation, reason, fountainhead; (adj, n) radical; (v) establish. ANTONYMS: (n) descendant, effect rooted: (adj, v) fixed; (adj) ingrained, immovable, inveterate, firm, set, frozen, riveted, irremovable; (v) imbedded, posited rosemary: (n) herb, thyme, Labiatae, rosmary, Rosmarinus, rosmarine, pot herbs, parsley, mint family, Lamiaceae, sage rotten: (adj, v) decayed, musty; (adj) foul, poor, fetid, lousy, putrid, off, ill, shabby, wretched. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, superior, unrotten, good, incorruptible, honest, lovely, fair, great, respectful rough: (adj, n) hard, grating, jagged; (adj, n, v) harsh; (adj) raw, gross, cruel, crude, gruff; (adj, v) hoarse; (n, v) draft. ANTONYMS: (adj)

gentle, silky, soft, sophisticated, refined, polished, precise, exact, pleasant, glossy, even rounds: (n) patrol, beat, route, patient rounds rover: (n) wanderer, buccaneer, vagrant, vagabond, rambler, ranger, traveler, roamer, corsair, freebooter, filibuster royal: (adj, adv) regal, majestic; (adj) imperial, magnificent, kingly, noble, brilliant, sovereign, purple, August, princely royally: (adv) imperially, splendidly, grandly, stately, magnificently, superbly, sovereignly, like Kings, like royalty, really, majestically royalty: (n) regality, payment, kingship, royal line, royal house, royal family, fee, tax, nobility, loyalty, majesty ruddiness: (n) flush, rosiness, glow, complexion, skin color, rubicundity, redness, color, complection, high color, pinkness. ANTONYM: (n) pallor rule: (n, v) control, order, govern, decree, influence, line, dominion, regulate, reign; (n) law, ordinance. ANTONYMS: (v) request; (n) option running: (adj) operative, working, continual, moving; (adj, v) active; (n) course, motion, run, operation, administration; (adj, n) functioning rural: (adj, n) rustic; (adj) agricultural, country, pastoral, countrified, predial, agrestic, agrarian, arable, simple; (n) peasant. ANTONYMS: (adj) city, town rush: (n, v) charge, flood, dash, flow, gush, race, run, speed, attack; (adj, n, v) burst; (n) onrush. ANTONYMS: (v) delay, dawdle, linger, wander, amble, hesitate, crawl, trickle; (n) shortage, slowness, unimportance russia: (n) russias, Russian, union of Soviet socialist republics, Russian Federation, Russian Soviet federated socialist republic, Soviet Russia, USSR rust: (v) corrode, eat, oxidise, tarnish, oxidize, gnaw; (n) decay, corrosion, fungus, oxidation; (adj) rusty rustic: (n) countryman, peasant; (adj) rural, pastoral, boorish, country, bucolic, provincial, hick, agrestic, countrified. ANTONYMS: (adj) town, urbane, cultured, city, sophisticated sacred: (adj) holy, hallowed, dedicated, consecrated, divine,

William Shakespeare religious, pious, spiritual, inviolable, blessed; (adj, v) solemn. ANTONYMS: (adj) profane, unconsecrated, cursed, breakable safety: (n) guard, security, refuge, safe, bingle, base hit, sanctuary, asylum, preservation, cover, shelter. ANTONYMS: (n) danger, hazard, instability saffron: (n) yellow, crocus sativus, orange yellow, yellowness, seasoner, seasoning, flavouring, flavourer, saffron crocus, flavorer; (adj) topaz sainted: (adj) saintlike, holy, beatific, angelical, angelic, sacred, cherubic, good sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) object, account, design, purpose, saki same: (adj) identical, equal, like, corresponding, equivalent, similar, uniform, even, consistent, matching; (adv) equally. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, varying, another, unlike, other, varied sanctity: (n) sanctitude, godliness, sacredness, devotion, piety, saintliness, purity, halidom, sanctimony, religion, innocence. ANTONYM: (n) unholiness satisfied: (adj) happy, content, full, pleased, confident, complacent, persuaded, fulfilled; (adj, v) certain, sure; (v) convinced. ANTONYMS: (adj) frustrated, anxious, disgruntled, hungry, insistent, pensive, unsure, dissatisfied, ashamed satisfy: (v) please, persuade, meet, satiate, indulge, sate, appease; (adj, v) content, fill, suffice, do. ANTONYMS: (v) intensify, displease, disappoint, disgruntle, frustrate savage: (adj, v) fierce, wild, furious; (adj) ferocious, brutal, cruel, bloodthirsty, rough, pitiless; (adj, n) brute; (n) vandal. ANTONYMS: (adj) civilized, gentle, nice savageness: (n) barbarity, savagery, ferociousness, wildness, cruelty, barbarism, fierceness, ferocity, rudeness, inhumanity, harshness save: (v) rescue, hoard, conserve, keep, maintain, preserve, free, protect, liberate; (adv, conj, n, prep) except; (adj, v) economize. ANTONYMS: (v) waste, squander, use, abandon, endanger, capture, asphyxiate, aggravate, destroy

savory: (adj) spicy, dainty, fragrant, appetizing, tasteful, delectable, tasty, delicious, piquant, aromatic; (adj, n) savoury. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant, unappetizing, sweet savour: (n, v) relish; (v) taste, enjoy, devour; (n) flavour, flavor, sapidity, gusto, piquancy, tang, smack saying: (adj, n, v) maxim; (n) axiom, adage, phrase, dictum, idiom, byword, aphorism, expression; (n, v) saw, proverb scandal: (n) disgrace, dishonor, gossip, outrage, discredit, rumor, infamy, disrepute, ignominy, detraction, shame scandalous: (adj) infamous, disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous, opprobrious, shocking, disreputable, disgusting, dishonorable; (adj, v) base, foul. ANTONYMS: (adj) proper, seemly, honorable, appealing, complimentary, reputable, admirable scape: (n) flower stalk, peduncle, shaft, scapus, ray, perspective, Peter, prick, prospect, barb, rotating shaft scarce: (adj) rare, insufficient, deficient, infrequent, uncommon, scant, scanty, few, sparse; (adv) just, barely. ANTONYMS: (adj) plentiful, common, adequate, strong, usual, extensive scared: (adj) afraid, frightened, fearful, anxious, nervous, timid, intimidated, terrified, horrified, panicky; (adj, adv) cowardly. ANTONYMS: (adj) confident, fearless, brave scene: (n, v) aspect, view, outlook, lookout; (n) background, display, spectacle, picture, environment, panorama, perspective scion: (n) offspring, progeny, child, descendant, graft, sprout, cutting, slip, offshoot, branch, bud. ANTONYM: (n) ancestor scour: (v) scrub, ransack, burnish, abrade, furbish, polish, search, cleanse, graze, buff; (adj, v) flush. ANTONYM: (v) dirty scratch: (n, v) mark, graze, notch, scrape, nick, scrabble, dent, scar; (v) rub, chafe, rake. ANTONYM: (v) soothe scurrilous: (adj) opprobrious, insulting, offensive, foul, rude, coarse, scornful, obscene, ribald, injurious; (adj, v) scurrile seals: (n) Pinnipedia, key, talisman, aquatic mammal, signet, suborder

191 Pinnipedia, sea Lions seated: (adj) sat, sedentary second: (n) instant, jiffy, flash, minute, sec; (v) back, endorse, help; (n, v) support; (adj) latter, further. ANTONYMS: (adj) top, former; (n) age secret: (adj, v) mysterious, hidden, covert, secluded, confidential; (adj) concealed, furtive, occult, obscure; (adj, n) privacy, secrecy. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) known, public; (adj) open, overt, apparent, unrestricted, external, visible, outermost, transparent, blatant secrets: (n) secrecy sect: (n) denomination, clan, religion, party, order, cult, category, clique, class, group, Unit sect seeing: (prep) because; (adj) Seely, considering; (n) sight, vision, beholding, fusion, visual sense; (v) conceive, comprehend, perceive seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt, endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant seem: (v) appear, feel, seeming, loom, expect, show, beseem, sound, glitter, glisten, gleam seeming: (adj) ostensible, superficial, illusory, outward, probable, deceptive, specious; (adj, n) appearance, semblance; (n) aspect, show. ANTONYMS: (adj) actual, deep, inner seen: (adj) visible, clad, beseen, accomplished, discovered, appearing; (v) observe, perceive, conceive, comprehend, understand seize: (v) catch, capture, grab, arrest, clutch, get, apprehend, receive, annex, clasp; (n, v) grapple. ANTONYMS: (v) baulk, relinquish, restore, surrender, give, remove seldom: (adj) scarce, rare, few, infrequent; (adv) occasionally, infrequently, uncommonly, hardly, scarcely, not often, once in a blue moon. ANTONYMS: (adv) often, seldom self: (n) ego, person, me, individual, being; (pron) myself, herself, itself; (adj) same; (v) own; (adv) personally self-same: (adj) uniform, twin sell: (v) deal, handle, dispose, betray, give, promote, realize, merchandise, dispose of; (n, v) cheat; (adj) sold. ANTONYMS: (v) buy, wholesale send: (v) pass, deliver, forward, convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM:

192 (v) keep sense: (n) perception, meaning, common sense, sensation, logic, understanding, impression, feeling; (n, v) feel, intellect, mind. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, garbage, ludicrousness, nonsense, foolishness, gibberish, illogicality, irrationality, numbness, certainty; (v) observe senseless: (adj) foolish, mindless, preposterous, pointless, irrational, absurd, stupid, insensible, idiotic, fatuous, purposeless. ANTONYMS: (adj) meaningful, wise, conscious, provoked, prudent, useful, worthwhile senses: (adj) sober senses, sound mind; (n) reason, mind, conception, consciousness, judgment, faculties, mother wit, right mind, sanity sent: (adj) dispatched, imported, ecstatic, blissful, fascinated, intoxicated; (v) transmit. ANTONYM: (adj) unsent separation: (n) disjunction, detachment, disunion, seclusion, disconnection, rift, isolation, divorce, parting, departure; (n, v) division. ANTONYMS: (n) unification, closeness, marriage, union, unity, connection, bond, integration, synthesis, inclusion, meeting serious: (adj, n, v) grave; (adj) heavy, austere, great, hard, dangerous, critical; (adj, v) sedate, important, momentous, considerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) lighthearted, mild, flippant, cheerful, humorous, minor, slight, playful, trivial, unimportant, brisk servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress servants: (n) staff, suite serve: (adj, n, v) avail; (v) assist, aid, act, benefit, tend, attend, operate, function, do; (n, v) officiate service: (n, v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist; (n) aid, employment, assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony; (v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) disservice, damage, hindrance, uselessness services: (n) facilities, armed forces, job, commencement, Armed Services, amenities, employment, conveniences, forces, liturgy, military

The Winter's Tale session: (n) sitting, seance, assembly, conference, consultation, convention, semester, bout, meet, congress, council sessions: (n) Roger sessions, Roger Huntington sessions settled: (adj) definite, set, firm, permanent, certain, calm, established, decided, formed, defined, finished. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, exciting, temporary seven: (adj, n) VII; (n) September, septet, week, nine, knave, king, jack, queen, digit, Sevener several: (adj, v) diverse, divers, sundry; (adj, n) a few, some; (adj) various, individual, different, particular, special, numerous. ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, all, none shadows: (n) dark, darkness, night, dimness, dusk, fogginess, mistiness, gloom, cloudiness. ANTONYM: (n) brightness shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, discredit, humiliate, degrade, chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, scandal, insult; (v) abash. ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, making, worthiness; (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, dignify sharper: (n, v) cheat; (n) rogue, impostor, swindler, chiseler, deceiver, cheater, welsher, sharpie; (v) shark, fraud shearing: (n, v) shear; (n) cutting, clipping, clip, pruning, sheepshearing, embrace, pulling, cutting off; (v) fleece shed: (v) discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, cast off, dismiss; (n) shack, hut, cabin. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, cover; (adj) persistent sheep: (n) goat, ram, tup, ewe, cattle, follower, Bovidae, stock, simple, simpleton, family Bovidae sheet: (n) board, leaf, paper, film, bed sheet, canvas, coat, coating, cover, plane, newspaper sheets: (n) rain, bed linen shepherd: (n) clergyman, sheepman, minister, herdsman, sheepherder, priest, presbyter; (v) lead, conduct, guide, guard

shepherdess: (n) sheepman, sheepherder, herdess, herder, cowherd shilling: (n) York shilling, Tanzanian shilling, British shilling, Kenyan shilling, Ugandan shilling, Somalian shilling, dock, cork, farthing, coin, cheat ship: (v) send, forward, transport, send off, consign, carry, transfer, move; (n) boat, craft; (n, v) ferry. ANTONYM: (v) keep shook: (adj) shake, vibrate, addled, barrel, cask, confused, distressed, hurt, passionate, puzzled shop: (n) business, booth, boutique, factory, plant, emporium, workshop, market; (v) betray, purchase, grass. ANTONYM: (v) boycott shore: (n) coast, edge, beach, seashore, stay, seaside, brace, margin; (n, v) prop, land, buttress. ANTONYM: (n) sea shores: (n) coast, seaboard, seashore, shoreline. ANTONYM: (n) interior shorn: (adj) sheared, hairless, bald, stubbed, Shearn, Sheard, shear, clipped, not, Nott, shaven short: (adj, v) concise, close; (adj) scarce, curt, brusque, sharp, compendious, laconic, deficient, scanty, diminutive. ANTONYMS: (adj) long, high, lengthy, unabridged, sufficient, slender, rangy, rambling, overlong, extended, plentiful shoulder: (v) carry, push, hold, jostle, sustain, support, assume, accept; (n, v) elbow; (n) back, flange show: (adj, n, v) present, appearance; (n, v) exhibit, produce, broadcast, indicate, parade; (v) point out; (n) presentation, ostentation; (adj, v) guide. ANTONYMS: (v) disprove, hide, withhold, suppress, disappear, cover, absorb; (n) concealment shrew: (n) shrewmouse, harridan, termagant, virago, dragon, fury, bitch, vixen, disagreeable woman, common shrew, shrow shrewdly: (adv) sagaciously, smartly, brightly, sharply, craftily, cunningly, perceptively, cleverly, artfully, cannily, wisely. ANTONYMS: (adv) foolishly, innocently, ineptly, naively shriek: (n, v) screech, cry, shout, call, howl, yell, yowl, screak; (v) bellow, caterwaul, shrill. ANTONYM: (v) sigh shroud: (adj, n, v) cover; (n, v) cloak,

William Shakespeare hide, conceal; (adj, n) shelter; (v) shield, envelop, enshroud; (n) covering, mantle, pall. ANTONYM: (v) disclose shrug: (n) motion, nod, leer, nudge, glance, gesture, gesticulation, tip the wink; (v) gesticulate, to shrug one's shoulders; (n, v) signal shun: (v) evade, escape, elude, dodge, flee, refuse, shirk, ostracize, banish, parry; (adj, v) eschew. ANTONYMS: (v) befriend, invite, seek, welcome, woo, court, participate, include shuts: (adj) closed sicilia: (n) Sicily sickness: (n, v) disease, indisposition, malady, disorder, distemper, ailment; (n) complaint, qualm, nausea, disgust, queasiness side: (n) rim, faction, brink, direction, hand, aspect, margin; (adj, n) part; (n, v) party, border, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, central, major, primary; (n) back, front, center, middle; (v) straddle sigh: (n, v) groan, suspire, murmur; (v) breathe, languish, pine; (n) breath, wail, whimper, whine, suspiration sight: (n, v) vision, glimpse, show, aspect, appearance; (v) aim, spot, see; (n) view, prospect, scene sign: (n, v) mark, motion, gesture; (n) portent, indication, manifestation, imprint, presage, brand, poster; (v) indicate. ANTONYMS: (n) successor; (v) dismiss signs: (n) situation, indications, signage, appearances, cipher, cryptogram, discriminating marks, indicia, secret code, secret language, symbols silence: (adj, n, v) calm, still; (int, n, v) hush; (n, v) lull; (n) mum; (adj, v) appease; (v) mute, allay, pacify, muzzle; (int, v) shut up. ANTONYMS: (n) sound, openness, uproar, movement; (v) amplify, Louden, encourage, rouse silent: (adj, adv) motionless; (adj) dumb, tacit, mute, noiseless, reserved, placid, reticent, mum, taciturn, hush. ANTONYMS: (adj) spoken, talkative, loud, explicit, open, live, forthcoming, verbal, audible, talking, moving silk: (adj) silky, down, silken, velure, velvet; (n) silks, satin, cloth, animal fiber, fabric, dental floss silken: (adj) glossy, silk, sleek, soft, satiny, satin, shiny, smooth, slick,

downy, mild. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, dull, rough simple: (adj, n) plain, humble, innocent, rustic; (adj) homely, elementary, natural; (adj, v) pure, clear, mere, downright. ANTONYMS: (adj) complex, complicated, compound, elaborate, difficult, multiple, obscure, ornate, problematical, sophisticated, confusing simplicity: (n) plainness, simpleness, easiness, ease, clarity, austerity, gullibility, severity, artlessness, ignorance; (adj, n) inexperience. ANTONYMS: (n) difficulty, complexity, ambiguity, magnificence, sophistication, dishonesty, clutter, warmth since: (adv, conj, prep) because, seeing that; (adv, prep) afterwards, before; (adv, conj) for, as; (adj, adv) ago; (conj) whereas; (prep) from, of; (adv) after sing: (v) hymn, hum, chirp, drone, intone, vocalize, pipe, carol, snitch; (n, v) twitter, squeak singing: (v) sing; (n) chanting, caroling, crooning, hymnody, humming, intonation, scat, psalmody, harmonization; (adj) cantabile. ANTONYM: (adj) silent singular: (adj, n) extraordinary; (adj) odd, individual, particular, peculiar, phenomenal, rare, queer, single, quaint, exceptional. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, together, usual, customary sister: (n) nurse, nun, brother, sisters, older sister, mate, twin, pair, fellow companion, double, match. ANTONYM: (n) brother sixteen: (n) large integer skies: (n) heavens, firmament, expanse skill: (n) artifice, capacity, capability, knack, ability, faculty, finesse, cleverness, expertise; (adj, n) craft, cunning. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, incompetence, uselessness, stupidity, ineptness, tactlessness, inexperience, ignorance, inaccuracy, delay, drawback slaves: (n) helotry, bondsmen sleep: (n, v) nap, repose, doze, kip, slumber, catnap; (adj, n, v) lie; (v) hibernate, nod; (n) dream; (adj, v) lodge. ANTONYMS: (v) awaken; (n) alertness, agitation sleeping: (adj) asleep, inactive, latent, sleepy, vegetive, vegetative; (n)

193 dormancy, noctambulism, quiescence, quiescency, short sleep. ANTONYMS: (adj) active; (n) waking sleepy: (adj) drowsy, dozy, slow, lazy, hypnotic, inactive, comatose, dull, heavy, dreamy; (adv) asleep. ANTONYMS: (adj) awake, energetic, vigorous, clear, lively, refreshed slip: (adj, n, v) lapse, miss; (adj, n) fault, blunder; (n, v) slide, drop, mistake, escape, skid, trip; (n) cutting. ANTONYM: (n) invoice slippery: (adj, v) precarious; (adj) crafty, glib, elusive, oily, glossy, untrustworthy, wily, unreliable, tricky; (v) questionable. ANTONYMS: (adj) rough, dry, reliable, straight, direct slips: (n) pad slowly: (adj, adv, v) slow; (adv) deliberately, sluggishly, tediously, dully, gradually, unhurriedly, slackly, lethargically, belatedly; (adj, adv) lento. ANTONYMS: (adv) fast, hurriedly, promptly, rapidly, immediately, briefly, intelligently, vigorously, brightly, nimbly, punctually slumber: (n, v) rest, doze, snooze, nap, drowse, repose, catnap; (v) be asleep, kip, take a nap; (n) siesta smell: (n, v) odor, scent, savor, perfume, stink, stench; (v) nose; (n) fragrance, bouquet, savour, odour smile: (n) grin, grinning, smiling, luck, facial expression; (v) laugh, beam, chuckle, simper; (n, v) grimace; (adv) smilingly. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scowl; (v) glower smock: (n) duster, shirt, chemise, gaberdine, sark, dust coat, overalls, dress, blouse, smicket, coverall snow: (n) cocaine, precipitation, snowfall, bark, barque; (v) overwhelm, beguile, hoodwink, bamboozle, lead by the nose, play false soaking: (adj, adv) sopping; (adj) wet, soaked, sodden, saturated, soggy; (n) soak, dip, sousing, souse; (adv, v) dripping. ANTONYM: (adj) dry society: (n) club, public, community, companionship, company, fraternity, association, corporation, fellowship, circle, people soft: (adj, adv) easy, quiet; (adj) limp, light, balmy, delicate, slack, loose, smooth; (adj, v) feeble; (adj, adv, v) low. ANTONYMS: (adj) hard, firm,

194 harsh, loud, hoarse, stiff, rough, solid, strong, shrill, alcoholic soften: (adj, v) moderate, mitigate, mollify, assuage, relieve; (v) melt, dull, relent, mute, alleviate; (adj, n, v) palliate. ANTONYMS: (v) harden, solidify, set, congeal, exacerbate, freeze, sharpen, stand, increase softly: (adv) quietly, mildly, lightly, tenderly, delicately, gently, soft, quiet, silently, kindly, slowly. ANTONYMS: (adv) hoarsely, roughly, loudly, clearly, harshly, forte, severely, strongly, heavily, convincingly, brightly sold: (adj) depleted, interested; (v) to market soldier: (n) warrior, fighter, serviceman, champion, ranker, military personnel, swordsman, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, janissary soldiers: (n) military, troop, force, the military, troops, defense force, military service, militia, soldiery, Territorial Army, armed forces solemn: (adj, n, v) serious; (adj, v) sober, important, sedate, devout, formal, demure; (adj) heavy, dignified, sacred; (adj, n) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, cheerful, unceremonious, funny, playful, flippant, relaxed something: (n) what, object, thing, article, entity, substance, somebody; (adv, n) somewhat; (adv) rather, a little, kinda. ANTONYM: (pron) nothing sometime: (adv) someday, once, one day, formerly, sooner or later; (adj) quondam, erstwhile, former, old, late; (adj, adv) sometimes sometimes: (adv) from time to time, occasionally, every now and then, now and again, every so often, once, sometime, once in a while, formerly; (n) at times; (adj, adv) on and off. ANTONYM: (adv) regularly song: (adj, v) lay; (n, v) ditty, chant; (n) air, strain, cry, warble, canto, poem; (v) sing; (adj) ballad soon: (adv) shortly, presently, anon, immediately, directly, at once, before long, betimes, quickly, promptly; (adj, adv) early. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, eventually, later, slowly sooner: (adj, adv) rather, earlier, before, preferably, instead; (adv) first, before now, faster, previously, beforehand; (adj) prior sooth: (n) verity, soothsaying, fact,

The Winter's Tale truth, reality sore: (adj, n, v) hurt; (adj) sensitive, angry, grievous, raw; (n) injury, lesion, cut, boil; (v) acute; (adj, v) sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, healthy, pleased, comfortable sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, happiness, peace, hopefulness, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice sorry: (adj) pathetic, sorrowful, remorseful, contrite, pitiful, pitiable, piteous, penitent, paltry, base, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) glad, happy, admirable, unremorseful, fine sort: (adj, n, v) class; (n, v) type, group, rank; (n) variety, breed, assortment, form, pattern; (adj, n) manner, description soul: (n) creature, human, person, personification, ghost, individual, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n) heart. ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body sound: (n, v) chime, echo, peal; (adj) reasonable, complete, healthy, sensible, sane, rational; (adj, v) fit, fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, unreliable, flawed, flimsy, silent, weak, unreasonable; (n) silence; (v) devoice south: (n) confederacy, due south, Dixie, Dixieland, s, souther, south side; (adv) in the south, southwards; (adj) southern, polar southward: (adv) southwards, southernly; (adj) southbound, southern sovereign: (n) ruler, king, lord, emperor; (adj) independent, autonomous, imperial, royal, free, regal; (adj, n) prince. ANTONYMS: (adj) dependent, ineffective, useless sovereignly: (adv) autonomously, princely, chiefly, dominantly, paramountly, royally, predominantly, independently, extremely, monarchally, liegely spare: (adj, v) free, reserve, save, thin; (adj) slender, slight, additional, lean; (adj, n) extra, excess; (v) exempt. ANTONYMS: (n) shortfall, original; (adj) principal, fat, basic, abundant, stout; (v) need, include speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v) converse, say, deliver, articulate, recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n)

language speaking: (n) talk, discourse, speech, public speaking, reading, oral presentation, recital, recitation, disputation; (v) speak; (adj) expressive. ANTONYMS: (adj) nonspeaking, silent speaks: (n) talks spectators: (n) spectator, gallery, viewer, viewers, attendance sped: (v) done for speech: (n) lecture, expression, language, conversation, sermon, diction, communication; (n, v) delivery, discourse, say, saying speed: (n, v) hurry, hasten, rush, race, dispatch; (v) quicken, run, dash, expedite; (n) velocity, rapidity. ANTONYMS: (n) amble, tardiness; (v) decelerate, hinder, linger, delay, crawl spell: (n) magic, fascination, bout, conjuration, period, incantation, sorcery, enchantment, turn, span, bewitchment. ANTONYM: (n) alertness spent: (adj, v) prostrate; (adj) fatigued, expended, finished, gone, dead, played out, effete, jaded, tired; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (adj) energetic spice: (n) sauce, condiment, seasoning, piquancy, dash, salt, smack, tang; (adj, v) season; (v) flavor; (n, v) zest spider: (n) spiders, tarantula, arachnid, mussuk, chatti, lota, schooner, wedge ring, spinner, star handle, terrine spirit: (n, v) courage, mind; (n) mood, ghost, apparition, disposition, energy, essence, soul, phantom; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, body, cowardice, surface, sluggishness, lifelessness, defeatism spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, good humor; (v) wine spiritual: (adj) religious, holy, immaterial, incorporeal, pious, ethereal, mental, psychic, divine, metaphysical, unworldly. ANTONYMS: (adj) physical, worldly, secular, earthly, tangible, uncommitted spit: (v) drizzle, expectorate, sprinkle, spew, drool, spike, spatter; (n) broach, saliva, cape; (n, v) skewer spoke: (n) bar, rung, radius, rule, shoe, skid, rundle, line, clog, round; (v) said

William Shakespeare spoken: (adj) verbal, expressed, speaking, speak, unwritten, vocal, voiced, talk, said, informal, conversational. ANTONYMS: (adj) written, unspoken, tacit, formal, silent sport: (n, v) play, pastime, jest, diversion, romp, joke, disport, gambol; (n) fun, amusement, recreation. ANTONYMS: (n) work; (v) conceal spread: (n, v) scatter, stretch, increase; (adj, n, v) reach; (v) disperse, expand, propagate, disseminate, diffuse, circulate; (adj, v) extend. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, gather, collect, fold, prevent, regress, shrink, specialize, concentrate; (n) decline; (n, v) decrease spring: (n, v) leap, bound, hop, fountain, skip, caper, bounce, dive, dance; (n) source; (v) originate springe: (n) springle sprites: (n) red sprites, atmospheric electricity spur: (n) inducement, incentive, impulse, stimulus; (n, v) prod, prick, incite, prompt; (v) provoke, impel, animate. ANTONYMS: (n) discouragement, disincentive, deterrent; (v) calm, delay, inhibit square: (n) area, rectangle; (adj) rectangular, fair, honest; (adj, v) even, correspond, agree; (v) settle; (adv, n) foursquare; (adj, adv) just. ANTONYMS: (adj) round, underhand, trendy, fresh, activist, relaxed squash: (n, v) crush, press, squeeze; (adj, v) mash; (v) quell, smash, compress, quash, flatten, oppress; (n) pumpkin. ANTONYMS: (v) pull, boost, expand, loosen squire: (n, v) escort; (n) landlord, gallant, attendant, beau, gentleman, esquire, landowner, landholder, armiger; (v) attend stabbing: (adj) piercing, acute, incisive, cutting, keen, penetrating, poignant, trenchant, knifelike, excruciating; (adj, n) shooting. ANTONYM: (adj) dull stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt, defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean stake: (n, v) risk, chance, venture, bet, wager, post, pole, gamble, support; (n) interest, shaft stamped: (adj) beaten, marked, pressed, printed; (v) fixed, engraved

stand: (v) endure, undergo; (n) rack, booth, attitude, base, pedestal; (n, v) live, position; (adj, v) suffer, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) sit, lie, yield, forbid; (n) top stander-by: (n) spectator standing: (n) fame, position, importance, prestige, place, reputation, footing; (adj) erect, motionless, continuance; (n, v) stand. ANTONYMS: (adj) seated, moving, horizontal, falling, temporary stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack star: (n, v) asterisk; (n) ace, luminary, personality, headliner, leading, lead, idol, asterism; (adj, n) principal, champion. ANTONYMS: (n) nonentity, failure, villain; (adj) insignificant, lousy staring: (adj) conspicuous, garish, agaze, vivid, noisy, showy, fixed, opened, glassy; (adv) staringly stars: (n) heavenly bodies, fate state: (n) nation, position, kingdom, status, country; (n, v) say, show, place; (adj) national; (v) express, expound. ANTONYMS: (adj) private; (n) monarchy; (v) conceal, refute statesman: (n) politician, diplomat, politico, Cicero, bacon, solon, national leader, strategist, minister, schemer, Julian statue: (n) figure, monument, statuette, effigy, idol, sculpture, carving, bust, sphinx, icon, representation stay: (adj, n, v) remain; (n, v) rest, prop, stop, delay, abide, continue, pause, endure, halt, support. ANTONYMS: (v) change, abscond, depart, move, disappear, become, go stays: (n) bodice, stay, girdle, panty girdle, stayed, staying, foundation, corselette, sash, slip, corselet steal: (v) purloin, abstract, sneak, filch, pinch, creep, misappropriate, rob, pilfer; (n) bargain; (n, v) snatch stealing: (n) pilferage, larceny, theft, steal, burglary, misappropriation, embezzlement, stolen, thievery, pilfering, thieving steel: (n) blade, brand, foil, sword, case harden; (n, v) nerve, brace, fortify; (adj) iron, adamant; (v) temper steer: (v) navigate, guide, direct, drive, aim, conduct, maneuver, run,

195 manage; (n, v) lead, point sternness: (n) harshness, rigor, strictness, austerity, rigour, asperity, inclemency, hardness, grimness, unpermissiveness, acrimony. ANTONYMS: (n) leniency, warmth, pleasantness, cheerfulness steward: (n) flight attendant, waiter, keeper, warden, attendant, curator, caretaker, administrator, janitor, chamberlain, stewardess sting: (n, v) bite, hurt, con, pain; (v) prick, itch, irritate, prickle, goad, provoke, smart. ANTONYMS: (v) calm; (n) honesty stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) movement; (n) commotion, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm stocks: (n) stock, bilboes, provisions, securities, whipping post, inventory, store, supplies, supply, bonds, instrument of punishment stone: (n) jewel, rock, pebble, gem, calculus, gemstone, kernel, concretion; (n, v) pit; (v) lapidate, pelt stoned: (adj) intoxicated, drugged, tight, zonked, drunken, inebriate, inebriated, ecstatic, rabid, high, unconscious stop: (int, n, v) hold, stand; (adj, n, v) stay, cease; (n, v) check, end, close, block, bar, arrest; (v) obstruct. ANTONYMS: (n, v) continue; (v) begin, encourage, permit, prolong, persevere, expedite, accelerate; (n) continuation, proceed, go stopping: (n) stoppage, cessation, shutdown, padding, fillet, suspension, stay, discontinuance, abeyance, interruption; (adv) haltingly stops: (n) Chicago, Michigan, Newmarket, boodle, halts, stop, stoppages, stopped, stopping, card game, moolah storm: (n, v) rush, tempest, hail, attack, assault, charge; (v) fume; (n) shower, blizzard, hurricane, gust. ANTONYM: (n) trickle straight: (adj) erect, honest, upright, even, fair, perpendicular, correct; (adj, adv, v) direct; (adj, adv, n) right; (adj, adv) level, flat. ANTONYMS: (adj) diluted, zigzag, winding, curly, curved, curvy, twisted, wavy, knotted, askew;

196 (adv) indirectly straining: (n) effort, push, exertion, distortion, overrefinement, tension, endeavor, torture, twisting; (adj) arduous; (v) tighten strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar, unusual, abnormal, outlandish, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, typical, usual, conventional, explicable, sensible, mainstream, known, human strangely: (adv) curiously, queerly, unusually, funnily, peculiarly, weirdly, marvelously, uncommonly, extraordinarily, singularly, bizarrely. ANTONYMS: (adv) typically, ordinarily, harmoniously street: (n) road, avenue, way, highway, route, lane, neighborhood, path, track, boulevard, Main Street strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy, firmness, endurance, stability, potency, health, soundness; (adj, n, v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity. ANTONYMS: (n) frailty, shortcoming, flaw, faintness, powerlessness, moderation, limitation, instability, impotence, feebleness, disadvantage strew: (v) scatter, spread, disperse, disseminate, distribute, diffuse, sow, sprinkle, bestrew, circulate, propagate. ANTONYM: (v) concentrate strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend stripes: (n) stripe, chevron, grade insignia, streak, banding, badge, band, uniform strive: (v) endeavor, contend, contest, struggle, fight, attempt, combat, strain, work, aspire, aim strong: (adj) intense, able, firm, stable, steady, solid, hard, lusty; (adj, v) deep, sound; (adj, n, v) steadfast. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, pale, unconvincing, slight, feeble, frail, bland, faint, delicate, mild, lightweight stronger: (adj) reprobate, insensible, reproof, iniquity, hardening, shameless, graceless, immoralities, ministry; (v) Milman, misery struck: (adj, v) smitten; (v) stroke; (adj) affected, afflicted, doting, dotty, enamored, gaga, hurt, in love, infatuated strumpet: (n) courtesan, punk, harlot,

The Winter's Tale hussy, slut, adulteress, wench, whore, loose woman, advoutress, fornicatress stubborn: (adj) contrary, hard, intractable, perverse, rigid, determined, persistent, refractory, tenacious, obdurate, inveterate. ANTONYMS: (adj) compliant, irresolute, flexible, amenable, docile, easygoing, malleable, agreeable, accommodating, cooperative, feeble stuck: (adj) stranded, jammed, delayed, fast; (adj, adv) aground; (n) stuck ware, thrust, sticking; (v) sticked, fasten, attach. ANTONYMS: (adj) unstuck, loose studied: (adj) deliberate, calculated, conscious, premeditated, affected, elaborate, learned, intended, designed, willful; (v) advised. ANTONYMS: (adj) spontaneous, unstudied, casual study: (n, v) examine, review, survey, research; (v) learn, check, contemplate, ponder, inquire; (n) consideration, learning. ANTONYMS: (n) neglect; (v) skim stumble: (adj, n, v) slip; (n, v) lurch, fall, err, stagger; (adj, v) blunder, flounder, fumble; (n) misstep; (v) hit, falter subdue: (adj, n, v) conquer; (v) overpower, crush, defeat, quell, quash, suppress, restrain; (n, v) reduce; (adj, v) repress; (adv, v) control. ANTONYMS: (v) incite, enliven, resist, submit subject: (n) matter, citizen, motif, question, issue, affair, point, national; (adj, v) exposed; (adj, n) dependent, inferior. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, resolution; (adj) impervious success: (n) conquest, prosperity, achievement, hit, passing, victory, effectiveness, accomplishment, triumph, coup, achiever. ANTONYMS: (n) flop, disappointment, prevention, debacle, defeat, fruitlessness, poverty, dissatisfaction, inefficiency, criticism successful: (adj, n) prosperous, happy, fortunate, lucky, auspicious; (adj) effective, effectual, fruitful, efficacious, prevalent, triumphant. ANTONYMS: (adj) thwarted, dependent, failing, sorrowful, ineffective, poor, unprofitable, ineffectual, fruitless, useless succession: (n) series, run, round, chain, string, lineage, row,

continuation, concatenation, course, reversion sudden: (adj) precipitous, quick, abrupt, hasty, rash, unexpected, steep, unforeseen, drastic, immediate, swift. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, slow, gentle, leisurely, protracted, sensible, smooth suddenly: (adj, adv) quickly, rapidly, immediately, presto; (adv) hastily, short, all at once, sudden, sharply, unexpectedly, instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) increasingly, predictably, slowly, gently, progressively, sensibly, eventually suffer: (v) encounter, stand, accept, undergo, brook, experience, have, endure, abide, sustain; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) enjoy, rejoice, flourish suffice: (v) satisfy, do, answer, content, fulfill, be sufficient, qualify, function, be enough, suit, fulfil sufficiency: (n) enough, fill, ampleness, adequateness, fullness, capacity, competence, satisfaction, affluence; (adj, n) plenty, abundance sufficiently: (adv) fully, satisfactorily, enough, amply, quite, properly, competently, decently, abundantly, goodly, completely. ANTONYM: (adv) inadequately sugar: (n) darling, saccharide, carbohydrate, love, beloved, jaggary; (adj, n) dear; (v) saccharify, sweeten, dulcify, edulcorate suit: (adj, v) fit, please; (adj, n, v) correspond; (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case; (v) adapt, accommodate, become; (n, v) answer. ANTONYM: (v) clash suitor: (n) plaintiff, suer, admirer, beau, candidate, complainant, gallant, boyfriend, applicant, petitioner; (n, v) wooer summer: (n) summertime, joist, rafter, beam, scaffold, season, skeleton, corner stone, lintel, transom, girder. ANTONYM: (n) winter sung: (v) sing; (n) call, sung dynasty, strain, song dynasty, song, birdsong, birdcall; (adj) spoken, outspoken, choral superstition: (n) superstitious, taboo, religion, old wives' tale, superstitious notion, lore, folklore, fanaticism, fallacy, belief, magic. ANTONYMS: (n) science, truth sure: (adj) secure, reliable, safe, indisputable, dependable, assured,

William Shakespeare positive; (adj, v) steady, firm; (adv) certainly; (adj, adv) for certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, humbled, dubious, indefinite, wavering, wobbly, unconvinced; (adv) doubtfully surplus: (n) remainder, balance, overabundance, surfeit, remnant, glut, overflow, plethora; (adj, adv, n) extra; (adj) superfluous; (adj, adv) over. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) lack; (n) shortage, scarcity, shortfall, lacking, essential, deficit; (adj) need, basic, want, necessity surprised: (adj) amazed, dumbfounded, shocked, astounded, stunned, taken aback, bewildered, startled, surprise, aghast, to be astonished. ANTONYM: (adj) unsurprised suspect: (v) mistrust, suppose, distrust, conjecture, guess, surmise, divine, disbelieve; (adj) fishy, questionable, shady. ANTONYMS: (adj) trustworthy, trusted, innocent, reliable, credible, aboveboard; (n) plaintiff; (v) know, believe suspicion: (n) distrust, inkling, misgiving, hunch, qualm, scruple, surmise, supposition; (n, v) doubt, mistrust, fear. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, knowledge, information, carelessness, recklessness, certitude swain: (n) boyfriend, fellow, love, rustic, flame, hind, man; (adj, n) lover, sweetheart, admirer; (adj) suitor swallow: (n, v) drink, gulp, taste, sip, swig; (v) bolt, consume, devour, accept, stomach, endure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) sip; (v) doubt, expel, disbelieve, reject, express swallowed: (adj) engulfed, gulped, inundated, overcome, overwhelmed, flooded, overpowered, enclosed swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, avow, depone, depose, aver. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, deny, compliment sweet: (adj) fresh, mellow, lovable, dear, pleasant, musical, melodious, pleasing, sugary; (adj, v) lovely; (adj, n) beloved. ANTONYMS: (adj) discordant, bitter, acid, sharp, acidic, pungent, salty, harsh, detestable, cacophonous, dry swell: (n, v) rise, heave, increase, wave, billow; (v) enlarge, expand, puff, grow, bloat; (adj, n) dandy.

ANTONYMS: (v) deflate, desiccate, shrink, compress, concentrate, wane; (n, v) decline; (adj) bad, horrible, shabby, awful swerve: (n, v) curve; (v) depart, stray, turn, wander, deflect, sheer, veer, diverge, shift, slew. ANTONYMS: (v) straighten, converge swift: (adj, adv, v) fast; (adj) quick, fleet, speedy, alert, nimble, hasty, prompt, sudden, hurried; (adj, v) rapid. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, leisurely, sluggish, gradual, delayed, clumsy swiftly: (adv) rapidly, speedily, fleetly, promptly, expeditiously, alertly, hastily, suddenly, readily; (adj, adv) quickly, fast. ANTONYMS: (adv) eventually, sluggishly, gradually swoon: (adj, n, v) faint; (adj, n) collapse; (n) fainting, syncope, prostration, deliquium; (v) conk, black out, pass out, die; (adj) puff sword: (n) blade, sabre, brand, broadsword, falchion, cutlass, saber, steel, glaive, backsword, cutlas sworn: (adj) extreme, mortal, implacable, engaged, dedicated, committed, betrothed, bespoken, affianced, inveterate table: (n) board, schedule, chart, stand, list, desk, plateau, platen; (v) defer, shelve, postpone. ANTONYMS: (v) decide, vote, withdraw tabor: (n) drum, tympan, TABOURINE, taborin, tabret, taborine, membranophone tails: (n) dress suit, tail coat, full dress, tail, waste, evening dress, dress coat, coat, morning coat, cutaway, formalwear taken: (adj) occupied, full, interpreted, appropriated, seized, overcome, affected, besotted; (v) take, get, receive. ANTONYMS: (adj) given, free taking: (adj) fetching, attractive, contagious, winning, catching, fascinating, captivating; (n) capture, receipt, angry mood, acharnement. ANTONYM: (n) rejection tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact talk: (n, v) discourse, gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, chat, address; (v) articulate, speak, prattle; (n) language. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse; (n) silence tall: (adj) elevated, high, exalted, big,

197 lanky, towering, eminent, unbelievable, strapping, long, gangling. ANTONYMS: (adj) low, small, sensible, reasonable, little, believable, easy, stocky tame: (v) break, subdue, soften, domesticate; (adj) meek, docile, bland, domestic, gentle, slow; (adj, v) moderate. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, bright, unmanageable, interesting, untamed, inspiring, brilliant, colorful, rebellious, lively tape: (n) magnetic tape, band, strip, tape measure, ribbon, adhesive tape, audiotape, rope, roll band; (n, v) videotape, video. ANTONYMS: (v) unfasten; (n) single tarry: (v) linger, loiter, stay, remain, delay, lag, dally, dawdle, bide, rest; (adj) pitchy. ANTONYMS: (v) complete, finish taste: (n, v) relish, sample, smack, touch; (n) flavor, liking, penchant, morsel, bit, drop, fondness. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, tastelessness, disinclination, hate, lot, coarseness, uncouthness; (v) abstain, refrain taught: (adj) instructed, educated, schooled, instruct, well-bred, scholarly, provided; (v) firm, fast, close, taut tawdry: (adj) cheap, shoddy, meretricious, showy, flashy, garish, loud, tasteless, trashy, tacky, brassy. ANTONYMS: (adj) sophisticated, nice, quality teach: (v) enlighten, educate, instruct, coach, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture, school; (adj, v) guide, show tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; (adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine, weeping, activity, bawling, bodily function, bodily process, body process, lacerations teeth: (v) mortar and pestle, gristmill, nutmeg grater, grater, file, arrastra, rasp, mill, unguis, tentacle; (n) gear teeth tell: (n, v) disclose, impart, count; (v) relate, reveal, recount, divulge, explain, communicate; (adj, v) declare, express. ANTONYMS: (v) request, misunderstand, estimate, listen, figure, guess, withhold, conceal, suppress, confuse temper: (adj, v) moderate, soften, mitigate, harden; (n) character,

198 disposition, humor, nature; (v) modify, season, qualify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) upset; (v) soften, agitate, excite, flex, bend, increase; (n) composure, happiness, wrath, equanimity temple: (n) church, place of worship, shrine, Fane, house of worship, pantheon, pagoda, synagogue, brow, sanctuary, mosque temporizer: (adj, n) trimmer; (n) temporiser, temporist; (adj) foes to nobleness tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, seduce, fascinate, attempt. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, repel tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v) affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, cold, experienced; (v) withdraw tenderly: (adv) softly, kindly, delicately, affectionately, fondly, warmly, painfully, sensitively, caringly, sympathetically, gently. ANTONYMS: (adv) roughly, severely, disapprovingly, harshly tenderness: (n) fondness, soreness, love, affection, sympathy; (adj, n) clemency, mildness, compassion, gentleness, softness, delicacy. ANTONYMS: (n) pleasure, dryness, hatred, strength, detachment tenth: (adj, n) tithe; (adj) denary, decimal, decuple, tenfold; (n) ten percent, tenth part, simple fraction, common fraction, disme term: (n, v) name, call, title, style, designate; (n) period, expression, boundary, spell, time, limit testimony: (n, v) attestation, witness; (n) declaration, proof, evidence, testimonial, confirmation, statement, affidavit, affirmation, profession thankful: (adj) appreciative, indebted, beholden, obliged, contented, pleased, gratified, relieved, under obligation, appreciatory, welcome. ANTONYMS: (adj) worried, unappreciative, unthankful, sorry thanks: (n) acknowledgment, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, gratefulness, recognition, credit, benediction, thankfulness; (int) thank you. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, blame

The Winter's Tale theme: (n) matter, motif, subject, text, substance, composition, stem, question, base, motive, paper themselves: (pron) myself, itself, yourself; (n) yourselves thence: (adv) therefore, thus, therefrom, thereof, consequently, then, so, thereafter, thenceforth, since, on account of thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence, accordingly, as a result, thus, for that reason; (conj) since, because, then, ergo therein: (adv) in this, in there thereto: (adv) thereunto, moreover; (adj) likeness, accurate, coincidence, correct, correctness, deportment, detail, exact, expected thick: (adj) compact, stupid, crowded, slow, opaque, dull, heavy, stocky, deep, close, familiar. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, intelligent, sparse, bright, slight, clever, transparent, diluted, fine, clear, runny thing: (n) affair, occurrence, object, event, concern, something, article, happening, substance, occasion, being things: (n) gear, belongings, equipment, garb, garment, clothes, paraphernalia, goods, life, property, palliament third: (n) second, tierce, three, third part, terzetto, hot corner, third base; (adv) thirdly; (adj) triple, thrid, tertial thirst: (n, v) hunger, lust, wish; (n) longing, yen, craving, hankering, dryness, appetite; (v) starve, crave. ANTONYM: (n) dislike thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant thorough: (adj) complete, full, profound, exhaustive, absolute, good, comprehensive, detailed, extensive, sweeping, careful. ANTONYMS: (adj) partial, sketchy, careless, slack, imperfect, sloppy, rushed, restricted, inadequate, halfhearted, dense thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage though: (adj, conj) however; (conj) still, notwithstanding, nevertheless, albeit, whereas, while; (adv) even, after all, tho'; (adv, conj) tho

thought: (n) idea, impression, conception, belief, concept; (adj, n) opinion, feeling, sentiment; (n, v) consideration, reflection, observation. ANTONYMS: (n) thing, vacuity, vacancy, concrete, thoughtlessness, inattention, impulsiveness, certainty, neglect, trust thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of thought, feelings, reflection, ideas, workings of the mind, view, stance, position, considered opinion thousand: (adj, n) one thousand, k, m; (n) grand, g, thou, cat Valium, constant of gravitation, grounds, curtilage; (adj) a thousand thousands: (n) myriad, much, many threaten: (v) intimidate, loom, bully, endanger, offer, imperil, jeopardize, peril, foreshadow, portend; (n, v) threat. ANTONYMS: (v) guard, protect, relieve, save, alleviate, reassure, recede, strengthen thrice: (adv) three times, thirdly thrive: (adj, v) prosper; (v) flourish, grow, advance, blossom, succeed, increase, bloom, get ahead, boom; (adj) luxuriate. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate, fail, languish, struggle, decrease thriving: (adj) successful, prosperous, prospering, booming, rich, affluent, growing, lush, lucky, healthy, luxuriant. ANTONYMS: (adj) declining, languishing, arid, moribund, dying, disappearing, poor, unwell throne: (v) enthrone; (n) can, stool, place, fecal matter, potty, chair, cathedra, lavatory, crapper, pot throng: (n, v) swarm, herd, mob, flock, press; (n) multitude, host, horde, mass, assembly, concourse. ANTONYMS: (n) trickle, few; (v) disperse throughly: (adv) completely, thoroughly, nonstoply, directly, overly, readily, endedly, completedly, straightly, perfectly, forward thrush: (n) mavis, ouzel, Whiterumped thrush, candidiasis, blackbird, bluethroat, fieldfare, merl, moniliasis, ousel, philomel thrust: (n, v) poke, stab, jab, drive, shove, force, punch, boost, cast, dig; (v) ram. ANTONYM: (n) inertia thump: (n, v) thud, bang, bump, knock, hit, strike, cuff, punch, crash, crack; (v) pound. ANTONYM: (v) tiptoe

William Shakespeare thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, fulminate thus: (adv) then, so, consequently, hence, thence, accordingly, as a result, ergo, thusly, for that reason, as thwack: (n, v) hit, whack, thump, punch, wallop, slap; (v) smack, beat, strike, buffet; (n) blow tied: (adj) bound, connected, laced, united, fixed, even, liable, tight, spiked, responsible, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) untied, unlaced till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to times: (n) present time, modern times, contemporary world, multiplication, time, period, era, many years duration, epoch, present, arithmetic operation tire: (n, v) bore, jade; (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, harass, fag, weary, wear, pall, prostrate; (n) tyre. ANTONYMS: (v) interest, invigorate, energize tires: (v) pressure release valve, safety valve title: (n, v) call, style, designation, term, designate; (adj, n) claim, right; (n) caption, denomination, appellation, epithet. ANTONYM: (n) possession toads: (n) caecilians, class Amphibia, frogs, newts, salamanders together: (adv) in concert, conjointly, at the same time, at once, simultaneously, mutually, in unison, all together, at the same moment; (adj) united, stable. ANTONYMS: (adv) separately, individually, independently, apart, alone; (adj) separate, upset, unstable, separated, imbalanced, scatterbrained told: (v) related, narrated; (adj) numbered, oral, spoken, legendary, verbal, manifest tongue: (n) lingua, speech, idiom, dialect, clapper, glossa, natural language, striker, talk; (v) lick; (adj) flowing tongueless: (adj) voiceless, dumb, inarticulate, silent, speechless, unspoken, wordless, aglossal, breathless. ANTONYM: (adj) tongued took: (adj) taken; (v) receive tooth: (n) palate, denticle, trident, sprocket, saw, premolar, nap, incisor, grain, eyetooth; (adj) nib

tore: (v) tare; (n) moulding, molding torn: (adj, prep) lacerated, rent, mangled; (adj) ripped, tattered, blasted, lacerate, shabby, goddamned, infernal, made uninhabitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) pristine, sure, resolute, healed, decided, mended toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away towards: (prep) to, facing, until, opposite to, till, unto, upon; (n, prep) against; (adv) about, by; (n) at town: (adj) municipal, urban; (n) borough, township, village, burgh, burg, municipality, townspeople, metropolis; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) country, private tradesmen: (n) fellow tradesmen traffic: (n, v) exchange, trade, commerce, barter, dealing, interchange; (n) dealings, business, intercourse; (v) deal, bargain train: (v) aim, exercise, direct, educate, tame, prepare, school; (n, v) coach, trail, tail; (n) chain. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, forget; (n) head trained: (adj) experienced, skilled, capable, competent, expert, practiced, accustomed, educated, efficient, skillful, professional. ANTONYMS: (adj) inexpert, untaught, untutored, amateur, unqualified traitor: (n) betrayer, conspirator, Judas, renegade, rat, quisling, deserter, cheat, collaborationist; (adj) insurgent, mutineer. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalist, patriot traitorly: (adv) rebelly, insurgently, mutineerly transported: (adj) ecstatic, rapt, elated, inspirited, spellbound, exultant, puffed up, proud, delighted, elate; (adv) on cloud nine. ANTONYM: (adj) dejected treachery: (n) betrayal, disloyalty, infidelity, duplicity, treason, perfidy, falseness, faithlessness, perfidiousness, guile, dishonesty. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, reliability, allegiance, goodness treason: (n) treachery, perfidy, high treason, sabotage, lese majesty, traitorousness, subversiveness, duplicity; (adj, n) disloyalty, sedition, prodition. ANTONYMS:

199 (n) loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity treasure: (n) gem, fortune, riches, funds; (n, v) hoard, prize, store; (v) cherish, appreciate; (adj, n) jewel, precious stone. ANTONYMS: (v) dislike, disparage, scorn, neglect; (n) dud, poverty treasury: (n) storehouse, exchequer, bursary, repository, finances, treasure, thesaurus, depository, Treasury warrant, subtreasury, treasury department tremble: (adj, n, v) shiver; (n, v) quiver, shudder, thrill, palpitate; (adj, v) totter, quake; (n) throb; (v) flutter, quail, falter. ANTONYMS: (v) steady, calm trembling: (adj, n) shaking; (adj, n, v) tremor; (adj) shaky, quaking, shivering, flutter; (n) palpitation, quiver, vibration, shiver, quake. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, steady tremor: (n, v) shiver, quake, shudder, shake; (n) agitation, vibration, earthquake, convulsion; (adj, v) flutter; (adj, n) trepidation; (v) tremble trespass: (adj, v) offend; (n, v) sin, breach; (n) offense, invasion, infringement, encroachment; (v) encroach, infringe, intrude, invade trial: (n) test, examination, experiment, hardship, essay, hearing, audition, attempt; (n, v) affliction, adversity; (adj, n) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, performance, happiness, ease, opportunity; (adj) known, definite, proven trick: (n, v) deceive, cheat, fraud, deceit, joke, sham, con; (n) prank, deception, device; (v) mislead. ANTONYMS: (n) frankness, honesty, misunderstanding, seriousness, truthfulness; (adj) real, genuine, innocent tricks: (n) actions, behavior, thing, clowning around, fooling, magic, plunder, possession, activities tried: (adj) reliable, tested, trustworthy, dependable, proven, proved, experienced, practiced, just, conquered, believable. ANTONYMS: (adj) untried, unreliable trifle: (n, v) play; (adj, n, v) trinket; (v) dally, fiddle, flirt, fool, frivol; (n) nothing, triviality, detail; (adj, n) bagatelle trifles: (n) jests, nonsense, nugae, trivia trinkets: (n) finery, jewels

200 trouble: (n, v) inconvenience, pain, bother, disquiet, disorder, worry, annoy, fuss, afflict, torment; (adj, n) difficulty. ANTONYMS: (v) please, help, assist, aid, placate, soothe, comfort; (n) fitness, pleasure, advantage, ease troubles: (n) dilemma, evils, harms, ills true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj) right, faithful, even, correct, accurate, honest, straight, truthful; (adj, v) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaccurate, untrue, bogus, untrustworthy, unrealistic, mythical, fraudulent, faithless, disloyal; (adv) wrongly, dishonestly truly: (adj, adv) really; (adv) sincerely, in truth, exactly, in fact, indeed, in reality, genuinely, right, certainly, honestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) insincerely, dubiously, doubtfully, apparently, inaccurately, indefinite, dishonestly, mildly, wrongly trumpery: (n) nonsense, trash, frippery, gimcracks, gimcrackery, tripe, frills, folderol, falderal; (adj) trashy, worthless trumpet: (n) horn, cornet, bugle, clarion, trump, brass, trombone; (v) proclaim, promulgate, show off, blare trunk: (n) stem, boot, torso, bole, body, stalk, snout, proboscis, stock, tree trunk, box trust: (n, v) credit, rely, hope; (n) confidence, faith, reliance, belief, cartel, assurance; (v) believe, confide. ANTONYMS: (n, v) distrust, doubt, mistrust; (v) disbelieve, keep, hold, despair; (n) disbelief, suspicion, independence trusted: (adj) intimate, confidential, sure, bosom, beloved, cherished, familiar, trustworthy, indisputable, trusty, reliable truth: (n) exactness, actuality, sincerity, verity, fidelity, fact, correctness, genuineness, faithfulness, certainty, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, inaccuracy, idealism, falsity, disloyalty, fallacy, invention tuft: (n) wisp, crest, cluster, truss, knot, fagot, tassel, strand, thicket, curl; (adj, n) feather tumbling: (adj) falling, billowing, dropping, rolled; (adj, adv) plunging; (n) gymnastics, acrobatics, stunting, stunt flying, rumbling;

The Winter's Tale (adv) headfirst tune: (n) song, strain, air, harmony, note, concord; (v) adjust, regulate, string, tune up; (n, v) chant. ANTONYMS: (n) silence; (v) untune turn: (n, v) curve, roll, twist, go, coil, round, change, bent, spin; (n) bout; (v) revolve. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, Miss, stagnation; (v) unbend turned: (adj) off, curved, rancid, twisted, false, bent, altered, sullen, having inflections, versed, glowering. ANTONYM: (adj) unturned twain: (n) pair, brace, dyad, deuce, twosome, duo, straddle, bitstock, coupling, braces, yoke twelve: (adj, n) dozen, XII; (n) boxcars, large integer twenty: (adj) vigesimal; (n) large integer, twenty dollar bill twice: (adv) doubly, bis, two times, in two ways, once more; (adj) twenty twill: (adj, v) curl, wrinkle; (adj) corded, crisp; (v) braid, plexus, felt, plat, plait, mesh; (n) cloth tyrannous: (adj) tyrannical, despotic, autocratic, domineering, undisputed, arbitrary, absolute, unmerciful, imperious, authoritarian, dictatorial tyranny: (adj, n) dictatorship, autocracy; (n) absolutism, despotism, oppression, cruelty, monocracy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism, autarchy, Caesarism. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, liberty tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, authoritarian, sovereign, czar, monarch, suzerain, stickler unconsidered: (adj) inconsiderate, thoughtless, unadvised, inconsequential, hasty, rash, reckless, trifling, inconsiderable, unwise, indiscriminate. ANTONYMS: (adj) prudent, deliberate under: (adj) lower, down, nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject; (adv, prep) beneath, underneath; (adv) downstairs, infra. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over, above; (adv) primary, higher, major undergo: (v) experience, encounter, sustain, have, endure, bear, tolerate, go through, take, feel, know. ANTONYMS: (v) commit, do, execute understand: (v) interpret, hear, see, catch, learn, translate, grasp,

construe, gather; (adj, v) realize, take. ANTONYMS: (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand, disbelieve, mistake, reject, deny, Miss understanding: (n, v) intellect, reason, intelligence, appreciation, sense, apprehension, discernment, judgment; (n) comprehension, sympathy, deal. ANTONYMS: (n) bewilderment, disbelief, misinterpretation, misunderstanding, mistake, indifference, incomprehension, foolishness, emotion; (adj) intolerant, unfeeling undertake: (v) attempt, take on, try, covenant, guarantee, accept, tackle, contract, take, begin, engage. ANTONYMS: (v) forego, abstain, forget, relinquish undertaking: (n) promise, attempt, project, venture, adventure, endeavor, job, effort; (n, v) task, labor, business undo: (v) loosen, open, annul, cancel, separate, disentangle, untie, unfold, reverse, disconnect, nullify. ANTONYMS: (v) attach, close, do, wrap, tangle, validate, knot, lock, permit, unite, approve undone: (adj) ruined, unfinished, sunk, done for, finished, behindhand, decayed; (adj, v) doomed; (v) accursed, to be pitied, devoted uneasy: (adj) anxious, fidgety, restless, concerned, nervous, apprehensive, ill at ease, unquiet, awkward, fretful, restive. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, untroubled, composed, relaxed, easy, unconcerned, still, comfortable, carefree, confident, serene unfold: (v) spread, open, extend, develop, stretch, spread out, reveal, display, stretch out; (adj, v) expound, explain. ANTONYMS: (v) fold, block, stagnate, stop, hide, withhold, check, wrap, conceal ungentle: (adj) ignoble, rude, wild, ungainly, untitled, boisterous, bluff, lowborn unhappy: (adj) gloomy, dismal, depressed, melancholy, sad, miserable, sorrowful, distressed, disconsolate, infelicitous, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, cheerful, satisfied, pleased, glad, euphoric, fortunate, contented, joyful, timely, lucky

William Shakespeare unintelligent: (adj) dull, silly, senseless, foolish, mindless, brainless, idiotic, inane, shallow, stolid, thick. ANTONYMS: (adj) intelligent, bright, clever, wise, confident, sensible unity: (n) union, harmony, oneness, unison, concord, agreement, completeness, integrity, consistency, single, one. ANTONYMS: (n) separation, conflict, partiality, split, disarray, inconsistency, isolation universal: (adj) general, global, ecumenical, international, common, worldwide, public, ubiquitous, comprehensive, widespread, oecumenical. ANTONYMS: (adj) local, specific, idiosyncratic, confined, isolated, narrow, rare unjust: (adj) partial, injurious, wrong, inequitable, unrighteous, wicked, foul, wrongful, improper, unmerited, unjustified. ANTONYMS: (adj) just, equitable, rightful, reasonable, good unkindness: (n) heartlessness, callousness, thoughtlessness, inconsideration, inconsiderateness, diskindness, insensitivity, unpleasantness, unfriendliness, unkindliness, insensitiveness. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, diplomacy, gentleness, humanity, thoughtfulness unknown: (adj, n) secret, alien; (adj) hidden, unfamiliar, unidentified, obscure, nameless, foreign, anonymous; (n) stranger, foreigner. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, recognized, famous, documented, identified, transparent; (n) native unlawful: (adj) illegal, illegitimate, illicit, lawless, wrongful, prohibited, improper, unauthorized, criminal, outlaw, irregular. ANTONYMS: (adj) legal, legitimate, authorized, honest, rightful unluckily: (adv) unfortunately, inauspiciously, lucklessly, unhappily, untowardly, unsuccessfully, alas, regrettably, illfatedly, tragically, haplessly. ANTONYM: (adv) luckily unmarried: (adj) unwedded, sole, alone, unattached, individual, separate, celibate, widowed, bachelor, maiden, lone. ANTONYMS: (adj) married, marital, attached, wed, involved unnatural: (adj) affected, artificial, grotesque, supernatural, forced, abnormal, eccentric, uncanny,

stilted, mannered, anomalous. ANTONYMS: (adj) natural, normal, real, unaffected, commonplace, genuine, sincere unreal: (adj) illusory, fantastic, fanciful, imaginary, insubstantial, artificial, fictitious, visionary, untrue; (adj, v) ideal, fancied. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuine, natural, substantial, authentic, ordinary, plausible unsafe: (adj) dangerous, perilous, insecure, hazardous, treacherous, uncertain, precarious, shaky, unreliable, harmful, chancy. ANTONYMS: (adj) safe, secure, harmless, protected, reliable, sensible, stable unseen: (adj, v) unknown; (adj) invisible, concealed, hidden, unobserved, secret, veiled, latent; (v) unheeded, unperceived; (n) spiritual world. ANTONYMS: (adj) seen, visible, open, famous, noticeable unsettled: (adj) changeable, undecided, doubtful, uneasy, outstanding, variable, unpaid, unresolved; (adj, v) unfixed, indefinite, undetermined. ANTONYMS: (adj) confident, definite, decided, well, sure, happy, constant, conclusive, certain, calmed, calm unspeakable: (adj) ineffable, dreadful, awful, terrible, inexpressible, nasty, horrible, atrocious, indefinable, shocking; (adj, v) unutterable. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, wonderful, pleasant, good, lovely, bearable unstained: (adj) unblemished, unspotted, clean, unsoiled, pure, stainless, immaculate, unsullied, untainted, chaste, undefiled. ANTONYM: (adj) stained unthrifty: (adj, v) improvident; (adj) prodigal, thriftless, profuse, unguarded, unthrift, wasteful, dismantled, dissipated, extravagant; (v) shiftless unto: (prep, v) to, till, up to; (prep) towards, before unusual: (adj) peculiar, odd, uncommon, quaint, exotic, eccentric, remarkable, curious, irregular, special, exceptional. ANTONYMS: (adj) normal, common, customary, typical, ordinary, familiar, routine, conventional, orthodox, inconspicuous, commonplace unwillingly: (adv) grudgingly, loathly, aversely, unenthusiastically,

201 indisposedly, resentfully, involuntarily, recalcitrantly, refractorily, lothly, hesitatingly. ANTONYM: (adv) wholeheartedly unworthy: (adj) undeserving, base, disgraceful, ignoble, low, contemptible, despicable, ugly, unmerited, unseemly, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserving, valuable, honorable, estimable, reputable upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at upper: (adj) top, higher, overhead, over, topmost, highest; (n) stimulant, bennie, meth, speed, amphetamine. ANTONYMS: (adj) lower, below, junior, under, bottom urgent: (adj, v) importunate, important, clamorous; (adj) imperative, instant, immediate, quick, earnest, critical, serious, vital. ANTONYMS: (adj) unimportant, moderate, unnecessary, halfhearted, gentle, routine usage: (n, v) practice, use, employment, convention, usance; (adj, n, v) habit; (n) method, consuetude, wont, exercise; (v) application usurer: (n) moneylender, cambist, loan shark, Shylock, banker; (adj) extortioner, codger, lickpenny, crib, churl, curmudgeon utter: (v) say, state, speak, breathe, articulate, deliver, voice, pronounce; (adj, n, v) express, declare; (adj, v) tell. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, incomplete, uncertain, rather, slight; (v) conceal, hide, block utterance: (n) pronunciation, expression, speech, exclamation, statement, remark, articulation, observation, language, phrase, speaking vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, humble, useful, responsible, worthwhile, effective varying: (adj) shifting, patchy, changeable, unequal, changing, varied, variant, fickle, unreliable, untrustworthy, altering vast: (adj) large, immense, spacious, extensive, immeasurable, enormous, gigantic, wide, boundless, colossal, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) narrow,

202 tiny, cramped, small, miniature, affordable, bounded, insignificant, slight, shallow, restricted velvet: (adj) velvety, down; (n) profit, gain, velour, velours, revenue, prosperity, receipts, satin, wealth vengeance: (n) retribution, reprisal, retaliation, requital, avengement, wrath, vendetta, spite, revengeance; (n, v) avenge, resentment. ANTONYMS: (n) forgiveness, acceptance venom: (n) poison, malice, bane, spite, rancor, malevolence, maliciousness, malignity, hate, bitterness; (adj, n) gall. ANTONYM: (n) affection venture: (n, v) hazard, chance, stake, peril, attempt, gamble, adventure; (adj, n, v) dare; (n) speculation, danger; (v) endanger verily: (adj, adv) really; (adv) indeed, in reality, genuinely, quitely, actually, selfly, truely, identically, exactly; (adv, int) in truth verity: (n) reality, veracity, actuality, fact, accuracy, troth, fidelity, faithfulness, belief, true statement, betrothal. ANTONYM: (n) falsity vessel: (n) ship, pot, jar, duct, vas, boat, craft, container, bowl, barrel, canal vexation: (adj, n) annoyance, nuisance; (n) irritation, worry, aggravation, displeasure, chagrin, chafe, anger, frustration, botheration vice: (adj, n) imperfection, defect, blemish, failing, frailty; (n) corruption, sin, evil, immorality, iniquity, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) asset, strength, propriety, virtue, righteousness, goodness, good, honesty; (adj) chief view: (n, v) sight, scene, regard, opinion, judgment, prospect, outlook, thought; (adj, v) observe, see; (n) idea. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, mistrust vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, honorable, good, delightful, admirable, noble villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero villainy: (n) evil, infamy, crime, villany, misdeed, baseness, enormity, atrocity, evildoing,

The Winter's Tale evilness, injustice violation: (n) infraction, breach, infringement, trespass, assault, outrage, invasion; (adj, n, v) abuse; (n, v) crime, offense; (adj, n) defilement. ANTONYMS: (n) obedience, observance, consecration, respect violence: (n) force, fury, fierceness, strength, vehemence, intensity, ferocity, impetuosity, might, outrage, power. ANTONYMS: (n) peacefulness, peace, passivity, nonviolence, friendliness, defense, indifference, orderliness, calmness, meekness violent: (adj, n) rough, furious, tempestuous, severe, turbulent, boisterous, powerful; (adj, v) vehement; (adj) raging, intense, sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, calm, nonviolent, mild, passive, moderate, pleasant, slight, refined, relaxed, friendly virgin: (adj) pure, new, chaste, innocent, fresh, untouched, intact, virginal; (adj, n) vestal; (n) maid, girl. ANTONYMS: (adj) defiled, sullied virtue: (adj, n) merit, excellence, quality, attribute; (n) honor, goodness, honesty, morality, decency, probity, efficacy. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, guilt, vice, peccadillo, sin, dishonor, immorality, evil, demerit, inadequacy, disadvantage virtues: (n) brawn, sinew, qualities, nerve, manner, habit, disposition, custom visage: (n) face, look, mug, physiognomy, expression, kisser, appearance, aspect, brow, smiler, forehead visible: (adj) obvious, conspicuous, apparent, open, evident, clear, plain, manifest, discernible; (adj, adv) noticeable, observable. ANTONYMS: (adj) invisible, imperceptible, unclear, obscured, concealed, hidden, obscure, undetectable, inconspicuous; (adv) absent vision: (n) view, dream, imagination, daydream, outlook, specter, ghost, spirit, image, apparition; (n, v) fancy. ANTONYMS: (n) sightlessness, fact, actuality, blindness visit: (v) frequent, attend, call, view, gossip, jaw, inspect, haunt; (n, v) tour, chat; (n) sojourn

visitation: (v) visit, examination; (n) tribulation, calamity, annoyance, misfortune, irritation, infliction, inspection, test, ordeal visiting: (adj) guest, impermanent, temporary, visitant voice: (n) speech, vox; (v) enunciate, pronounce, speak, say, vocalize, express, utter, articulate; (n, v) sound. ANTONYMS: (v) devoice, block wages: (n) pay, wage, earnings, reward, stipend, allowance, hire, remuneration, income, payoff, compensation waiting: (n) abeyance, suspense, expectancy, hold, time lag, postponement; (adj) ready and waiting, ready, expectant; (adv) to come, in the making waking: (adj) wakeful; (n) awakening, wakefulness, consciousness walk: (adj, n, v) step; (n, v) gait, ramble, march, pace, hike, course, saunter, stroll, roam; (n) path. ANTONYMS: (v) run, ride, stride wall: (n, v) fence, bar; (n) barrier, rampart, bulwark, cliff, earthwork, fortification, screen, rail, fencing wander: (n, v) stroll, saunter, tramp, drift; (v) stray, digress, err, travel, roam, deviate; (adj, v) rave. ANTONYMS: (v) settle, stay, think, converge want: (n, v) lack, desire, miss, wish; (n) poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, necessity, destitution, shortage. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hate; (n) glut, despise, luxury, option, prosperity, supply; (v) disinterest, answer wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, licentious, unchaste, lewd, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, decent, clean, careful, observant, justifiable, involuntary wants: (n) need, necessities ward: (n) charge, protection, custody, care, quarter, neighborhood, district, defense, keep; (adj, v) shelter; (v) protect warden: (n) custodian, keeper, caretaker, guard, chancellor, provost, prefect, warder, watchman, ranger, burgomaster. ANTONYM: (n) attacker wares: (n) merchandise, goods, commodities, stock, product,

William Shakespeare commodity, freight, cargo, ware, refill, shipment warlike: (adj) military, belligerent, bellicose, pugnacious, combative, aggressive, armigerous, hostile, unfriendly, unpacific, militant. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonizing, friendly warm: (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, tepid. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, unfriendly, aloof, reserved, hostile, uncaring, unenthusiastic, unwelcoming, stale, offhand; (v) chill warmer: (n) stove, oilstove, deicer, defroster, brasier, radiator, brazier, warming, warmed, demister, gas heater warp: (v) distort, deform, contort, falsify, garble, misrepresent; (n, v) bend, buckle, turn, bias; (n) distortion. ANTONYM: (v) clarify warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, assure, sanction, empower; (n) authority, authorization, security; (v) justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) break; (v) debar wary: (adj) cautious, vigilant, careful, guarded, circumspect, suspicious, shy, alert, chary, attentive, leery. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwary, careless, trusting, reckless, heedless, foolish, unsuspecting, thoughtless, oblivious, forgetful, eager wash: (adj, n, v) soak; (n, v) paint; (v) clean, scrub, mop, moisten, lave, scour, bathe; (n) washing, ablution. ANTONYM: (v) soil water: (n) urine, sea, lake, ocean, moisture, juice, river; (n, v) wet; (v) moisten, soak, dampen. ANTONYMS: (v) dehydrate, dry waters: (n) Clara Erskine Clement, amnionic fluid, amniotic fluid, body fluid, liquid body substance, Ethel waters, body of water, bodily fluid, boot watery: (adj) moist, diluted, wet, dilute, washy, thin, damp, fluid, aqueous, weak, insipid. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, solid, dry, soft, dehydrated, lively, dark, clear, thick, hard wave: (v) flap, undulate, swing, flourish; (n, v) gesture, billow, flutter, swell, motion, curl; (n) surge weak: (adj, n) frail; (adj) flat, watery, fragile, flimsy, faint, thin, light, sickly, soft, nerveless. ANTONYMS: (adj) concentrated, firm, brave, safe, forceful, effective, healthy, intense,

determined, powerful, robust weakness: (adj, n) failing, fault, debility, defect, infirmity, fragility, feebleness, deficiency, imperfection, foible; (n) flaw. ANTONYMS: (n) power, dislike, intensity, supremacy, determination, advantage, brightness, superiority, resistance, robustness, energy wear: (n) clothing, clothes, apparel, attire, garb; (v) endure, fatigue, waste, bear, tire, fray. ANTONYMS: (v) refresh, reject, rebuild, please, freshen, disrobe, delight, cheer, refuse; (n) improvement wearing: (adj) tiring, exhausting, tiresome, wearying, trying; (n) detrition, corrasion, attrition, abrasion, eroding, ablation. ANTONYMS: (adj) refreshing, undemanding, pleasant weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, enliven, energize, activate, rally weather: (v) survive, withstand, resist, brave, stand, brave out, wear; (n) climate, atmospheric condition, downfall, inclemency. ANTONYMS: (v) succumb, reject wedded: (adj, v) marital, connubial, matrimonial, conjugal, wed; (adj) nuptial, bridal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached wedlock: (n, v) marriage, matrimony; (n) union, wedding, polygyny, bigamy, intermarriage, exogamy, endogamy, polyandry, misalliance weeds: (n) viduity, mourning band, garment, cypress, widowhood, dress; (adj) willow week: (n) period, minute, second, hour, rag, day, calendar week, year, sevennight, Wyke, workweek weep: (v) wail, bawl, lament, sob, blubber, moan, howl, drip, greet, whimper; (n) tear weeping: (adj) tearful, lachrymose, dolourous, dolorous; (n, v) lament, lamentation; (v) wailing; (n) sobbing, tears, cry; (adj, n) howling. ANTONYM: (n) celebration weigh: (v) press, study, measure, matter, consider, count, deliberate, contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance, poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect weighing: (n) deliberation, consideration, think, advisement,

203 speculation, quantify, weigh, unhurriedness, study, slowness, ponderation welcome: (adj) pleasant, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable; (n, v) accept; (n) hospitality, reception; (v) receive, greet, invite, hail. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, unacceptable, displeasing, disagreeable, unpleasant; (v) reject, evict, bar; (n) unfriendliness, goodbye welkin: (n) sphere, empyrean, firmament, heavens, sky, vault of heaven, celestial sphere, heaven, orbit, sphere of influence, surface went: (v) walked, proceeded west: (n) due west, w, the occident, watt, geographic region, tungsten, New world; (adv) westwards; (v) to the west, south, north east westward: (adv) west, westwards; (adj, adv) westerly; (adj) westbound, western; (v) to the west wether: (n) sheep, wedder whatever: (adj, pron) whatsoever; (pron) what, partly, whatso; (adv) no matter what, anyway, anyhow, regardless, in any case; (n) aught, anything wheels: (n) vehicle, truck, car, brush, force when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) then, because, than, since, after; (conj) although, while, if; (prep) during where: (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, in which, wherein, in what; (adv, pron) anywhere; (pron) everywhere; (n) point, spot wherefore: (adv, conj) therefore; (adv, n) why; (n) reason, proof; (adv) accordingly, consequently, so, wherefor, hence, whence; (conj) then wherein: (adv) in what, in which, where whereto: (adv) which, whither whereupon: (adv) thereupon, hereupon, upon which, at what, at which whether: (pron) where while: (adv, conj) whereas, as, although; (n) time, spell, period, moment, interval; (adv) when; (conj) though; (prep) during whilst: (conj) whereas, as, though, albeit, at the same time as, even as; (prep) during; (adj) pending whip: (n, v) lash, strap, goad; (v) flog, flagellate, beat, punish, thrash, trounce, stir, wallop. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, return

204 whipped: (v) whipt whisper: (n, v) murmur, hum, mumble, suggestion, hint, inkling; (v) breathe, hiss; (n) rustle, trace, breath. ANTONYM: (n) information whispering: (n) whisper, murmur, susurration, rustle, report, stage whisper; (adj, n) rustling; (adj) susurrant, tranquil, hoarse, susurrous whistle: (v) sing, twitter, hiss, warble, tweet, cheep, chirp, wheeze; (n, v) cry; (n) whistling, tin whistle white: (adj, n) pale; (adj) clean, blank, snowy, ashen, wan, achromatic, pure, pallid; (v) whiten; (n) Caucasian. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) black; (adj) dark, rosy, red, dirty; (v) blacken whiteness: (n) paleness, ivory, chalk, pearl, bone, bleach, alabaster, frostiness, hoariness, pallor, innocence. ANTONYM: (n) black whither: (adv) hither, thither, whereunto, whereto, for whitsun: (n) Pentecost, Whitsuntide, Christian holiday, Whitweek; (adj) Whitson whole: (adj, v) entire; (adj, n) total, integral, sum, aggregate, well; (adj, adv, n) all; (adj) complete, healthy, intact, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, broken, partial, imperfect, unhealthy, deficient, destroyed, fractional, impaired, half, sick wholesome: (adj) healthy, beneficial, salubrious, healthful, salutary, sound, good, nutritious, nourishing, pure, hale. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwholesome, unhealthy, impure, indecent, sordid, warped, tainted, decadent, deadly, unsavory whoop: (n, v) shout, call; (v) howl, yell, shriek, roar, bellow, halloo, cough, hack; (n) vociferation wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding wide: (adj) broad, spacious, roomy, extensive, comprehensive, large, vast, ample, capacious, open, sweeping. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, restricted, skinny, straight, cramped, minute wife: (n) matron, missis, partner, married woman, spouse, consort, helpmate, housewife, lady, woman,

The Winter's Tale viscountess wild: (adj, n, v) waste, desert; (adj, v) fierce, violent, reckless, raging; (adj) boisterous, untamed, stormy, rude, desolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, orderly, manageable, sane, domestic, cultivated, tame, restrained, mild, sensible, passive wildly: (adj, adv) madly, extravagantly; (adv) savagely, fiercely, violently, frantically, brutally, furiously, tempestuously, viciously, crazily. ANTONYMS: (adv) quietly, peacefully, meekly, cautiously, gently willingly: (adv) readily, voluntarily, cheerfully, spontaneously, helpfully, disposedly, actively, openly, obligingly, eagerly; (adj, adv) freely. ANTONYMS: (adv) grudgingly, reluctantly, uncooperatively, unenthusiastically wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish, rise, rally wind: (n, v) twist, turn; (v) meander, curl, bend, twine, curve, weave, crook; (n) air, gust. ANTONYMS: (v) unwind; (n) breeze wing: (n) pinion, limb, arm, fender, flank, pennon, Ala, extension, feather; (v) fly, soar. ANTONYM: (n) headquarters wings: (n) insignia, agency wink: (n, v) twinkle, blink, flash; (n) instant, twinkling, trice; (v) sparkle, nictitate, flicker, nictate, leer winter: (n) wintertime, season, time of year, hiems, frost, chill; (adj) wintery, wintry; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (n) heat wipe: (n, v) rub; (v) mop, clean, towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash; (adj) sponge. ANTONYM: (v) dirty wisdom: (n) judiciousness, knowledge, sapience, sagacity, sense, prudence, discernment, insight, learning, depth, reasonableness. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, folly, inexperience, ignorance, flippancy, banality wisely: (adv) judiciously, prudently, sagaciously, cleverly, discreetly, shrewdly, smartly, learnedly, astutely, sharply, perspicaciously. ANTONYMS: (adv) stupidly, recklessly, imprudently, immaturely, illogically wish: (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) want, hope, need, inclination, longing,

aspiration, aim; (v) like, choose; (n) pleasure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) hatred, coercion, disinclination, aversion wishes: (n) desires, requirements, requests, needs, will wishing: (n) wish, want, velleity, option, need, privation, lack, deprivation, deficiency, choice; (adj) desirous witch: (n) hag, pythoness, sorceress, enchantress, magician, lamia; (v) charm, bewitch, glamour, hex, jinx witchcraft: (n) incantation, sorcery, witchery, enchantment, spell, black magic, necromancy, fascination, charm, black art, glamour withal: (adv) nevertheless, notwithstanding, however, even so, all the same, nonetheless, with; (adj) likewise; (n) sufficiency, adequacy, enough within: (adv, n, prep) inside; (adv, prep) in; (adv) indoors, internally, inwardly, inly; (adj, n) interior; (prep) into, on, between; (adj) inwards. ANTONYMS: (prep) beyond, out without: (adv, n, prep) outside; (adj, adv) except; (adj) lacking, save barring; (prep) out of, sans; (n) minus, provisionally; (adv) save, beyond; (adv, prep) besides. ANTONYMS: (prep) with, having; (adv) inside witness: (n, v) testimony, attest, evidence; (n) bystander, eyewitness, onlooker, observer; (v) observe, notice, see, view. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, participate, refute witnesses: (n) audience wives: (n) woman wolf: (n) philanderer, coyote, brute, skirt chaser, beast; (v) gobble, gorge, guzzle, consume, swallow, bolt wolves: (n) jackals, skunks, raccoons, panthers, order Carnivora, lions, tigers, foxes, cats, Carnivora, Canis woman: (n) girl, female, lady, dame, madam, mistress, matron, maid, gentlewoman, Donna, petticoat. ANTONYMS: (n) man, gentleman womb: (n) belly, nursery, nest, intestines, guts, vitals, bowels, chitterings, cradle, entrails, viscera women: (n) sex, gentle sex wonder: (adj, n) prodigy; (n) astonishment, admiration, amazement, surprise, miracle, phenomenon, muse; (v) admire, reflect, question. ANTONYMS: (n) expectation, belief, disapproval; (v)

William Shakespeare know, believe, anticipate, decide wondering: (adj) inquisitive, speculative, suspicious wooing: (n) courting, suit, bundling, suit of clothes, the soft impeachment, entreaty, prayer, cause, causa, case; (adj) amatory wool: (n) fur, coat, pile, down, woolen, woollen, yarn, hair, cashmere, alpaca, shoddy word: (n) news, tidings, password, expression, report, vocable, statement, term; (v) formulate, phrase; (n, v) advice words: (n) speech, expression, row, text, fracas, argument; (n, v) altercation, squabble, tiff, dispute, quarrel working: (adj) practical, active, busy, in action, in force; (n) operation, play, agency, movement; (adj, n) running, functioning. ANTONYMS: (adj) passive, unemployed, inoperative, inactive, idle, ineffective world: (n) cosmos, nature, creation, earth, public, sphere, society, realm, globe, macrocosm; (adj) global worn: (adj) haggard, tired, tattered, threadbare, ragged, drawn, jaded, fatigued, exhausted, faded, wasted. ANTONYMS: (adj) new, smart, unused, unworn, pristine, original worries: (n) doubts, misgivings, qualms worse: (adj) worser, subordinate, waur, worsened, warre, unrelieved, minor, lesser, junior, poorer; (n) badness. ANTONYMS: (adj) improved, healthier, higher worship: (n) adoration, veneration, adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) reverence, respect, honor, revere, adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, dishonor, despise, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, disparagement, contempt, detestation worst: (v) whip, trounce, defeat, overcome, vanquish, pip, rack up; (adj, v) best, rout; (adj) floor, lick. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) best; (adj) highest, first, secondary worth: (adj, n) value, dignity; (n) cost, virtue, price, importance, excellence, quality, import, goodness, benefit. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, disadvantage, hopelessness, detriment, disgrace, inferiority, triviality, uselessness, inefficiency worthy: (adj) noble, good, meritorious, valuable, estimable,

respectable, deserving, worthwhile, virtuous, honorable; (adj, n) celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unrespected, disreputable, mediocre, petty, poor, unimpressive, insignificant, dishonorable, despicable; (n) nobody wounded: (adj, v) hurt; (n) casualty, maimed; (adj) bruised, injured, bloody, aggrieved, saddened; (v) stricken, wound, struck. ANTONYM: (adj) unaffected wrath: (n) rage, resentment, ire, fury, displeasure, indignation, passion, madness, choler, irritation; (adj) angry. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, love, composure, serenity wrinkled: (adj, n) rough, rugged; (adj) puckered, creased, wrinkly, wizened, crumpled, lined, gnarled, unironed, crinkled. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwrinkled, ironed, straight writ: (n) edict, assize, certiorari, judicial writ, injunction, order, act, prescription, scripture, writing, ukase write: (v) pen, indite, draw up, correspond, spell, record, publish, compile, draw, outline, type writing: (n) script, print, composition, lettering, document, autograph, paper, record, inscription, authorship, handwriting wrong: (adj, n) evil, ill, injury, injustice; (adj, n, v) damage, injure; (adj) improper, false, incorrect, bad, inappropriate. ANTONYMS: (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, appropriate, just, true; (adv) correctly; (n) justice, virtue; (v) sympathize wronging: (n) tribulation wrongs: (n) mala wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, worked up, formed yellow: (adv) cowardly; (adj) amber, xanthous, chickenhearted, fearful, chicken, craven, spineless; (n) coward, saffron, maize. ANTONYMS: (adj) bold, brave, confident yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow, give; (v) surrender, concede, submit, give up, grant, cede; (n) output. ANTONYMS: (v) persevere, survive, stand, withstand, repel, reject, prevent, withhold, acquire, oppose, veto yielded: (v) yold, yolden young: (n, v) offspring; (adj, n) juvenile; (adj) immature, fresh, adolescent, new, raw, baby, childish,

205 early; (n) progeny. ANTONYMS: (adj) old, mature, adult, ripe, older, late; (adj, n) aged yours: (adj) own yourself: (adv) herself, themselves, itself, myself, ourselves, yourselves, physically yourselves: (pron) themselves, myself, herself youth: (n) youngster, young person, lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged zeal: (adj, n) eagerness; (n) fervor, enthusiasm, devotion, passion, vehemence, fire, fervency, heat, fervour, ardour. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, lethargy, patience

206