King John (Webster's Thesaurus Edition)

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King John Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE, AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

King John Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation

William Shakespeare

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved.

ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com King John: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition for PSAT®, SAT®, GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT®, and AP® English Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-25347-X

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Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1 PERSONS REPRESENTED ................................................................................................ 3 ACT I ................................................................................................................................ 5 ACT II ............................................................................................................................. 19 ACT III ............................................................................................................................ 45 ACT IV ............................................................................................................................ 73 ACT V ........................................................................................................................... 101 GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 125

William Shakespeare

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PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Designed for school districts, educators, and students seeking to maximize performance on standardized tests, Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of King John by William Shakespeare was edited for students who are actively building their vocabularies in anticipation of taking PSAT®, SAT®, AP® (Advanced Placement®), GRE®, LSAT®, GMAT® or similar examinations.1 Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of synonyms and antonyms for difficult and often ambiguous English words that are encountered in other works of literature, conversation, or academic examinations. Extremely rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority in the notes compared to words which are “difficult, and often encountered” in examinations. Rather than supply a single synonym, many are provided for a variety of meanings, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of the English language, and avoid using the notes as a pure crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not noted on a page, chances are that it has been highlighted on a previous page. A more complete thesaurus is supplied at the end of the book; Synonyms and antonyms are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

PSAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board and the National Merit Scholarship Corporation neither of which sponsors or endorses this book; SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board which neither sponsors nor endorses this book; GRE®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which neither sponsors nor endorses this book, GMAT® is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admissions Council which is neither affiliated with this book nor endorses this book, LSAT® is a registered trademark of the Law School Admissions Council which neither sponsors nor endorses this product. All rights reserved. 1

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PERSONS REPRESENTED KING JOHN.% PRINCE HENRY, his son; afterwards KING HENRY III. ARTHUR, Duke of Bretagne, son to GEFFREY, late Duke of Bretagne, the elder brother to King John. WILLIAM MARSHALL, Earl of Pembroke. GEOFFREY FITZ-PETER, Earl of Essex, Chief Justiciary of England. WILLIAM LONGSWORD, Earl of Salisbury. ROBERT BIGOT, Earl of Norfolk. HUBERT DE BURGH, Chamberlain to the King. ROBERT FALCONBRIDGE, son to Sir Robert Falconbridge. PHILIP FALCONBRIDGE, his half-brother, bastard son to King Richard I. JAMES GURNEY, servant to Lady Falconbridge. PETER OF POMFRET, a prophet PHILIP, King of France. LOUIS, the Dauphin. ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA. CARDINAL PANDULPH, the Pope's legate. MELUN, a French lord. CHATILLON, Ambassador from France to King John. ELINOR, Widow of King Henry II and Mother to King John. CONSTANCE, Mother to Arthur. BLANCH OF SPAIN, Daughter to Alphonso, King of Castile, and Niece to King John.

Thesaurus archduke: (n) elector, doge, grandee. bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake; (adj) spurious, phony, misbegotten, bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n) whoreson, love child, illegitimate child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered. blanch: (adj, v) whiten, bleach; (v) pale, blench, whitewash, parboil, fade; (adj) decolorize, achromatize, silver, tone down. ANTONYM: (v) flush. cardinal: (adj) capital, fundamental, central, main, key, chief, primal; (adj,

n) paramount, essential, vital, radical. ANTONYMS: (adj) secondary, inessential, insignificant, minor, ordinal, unimportant. elder: (adj) older, big, adult; (n) dean, doyen, patriarch, ancient, boss, elderberry, superior, presbyter. ANTONYMS: (n) youngster, minor, child, inferior; (adj) youngest, younger, little. legate: (n) envoy, delegate, emissary, deputy, minister, representative,

messenger, internuncio, consul, nuncio, ambassador. louis: (n) Joe Louis. prophet: (n) augur, oracle, vaticinator, seer, predictor, diviner, forecaster, visionary, foreteller, priest, clairvoyant. servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress.

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LADY FALCONBRIDGE, Mother to the Bastard and Robert Falconbridge.% LORDS, CITIZENS OF ANGIERS, SHERIFF, HERALDS, OFFICERS, SOLDIERS, MESSENGERS, ATTENDANTS AND OTHER ATTENDANTS.

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ACT I

SCENE I. NORTHAMPTON. A ROOM OF STATE IN THE PALACE.% [Enter KING JOHN, QUEEN ELINOR, PEMBROKE, ESSEX, SALISBURY, and others, with CHATILLON.] KING JOHN. Now, say, Chatillon, what would France with us? CHATILLON. Thus, after greeting, speaks the King of France, In my behaviour, to the majesty, The borrow'd majesty of England here. ELINOR. A strange beginning:--borrow'd majesty! KING JOHN. Silence, good mother; hear the embassy. CHATILLON. Philip of France, in right and true behalf Of thy deceased brother Geffrey's son,

Thesaurus brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, mission, commission, errand, king, royalty, highness. ANTONYMS: (n) austerity, associate, counterpart, crony, ambassage, corps diplomatique, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, communication, cable, diplomat, simplicity. sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) speaks: (n) talks. diplomatist. greeting: (n) welcome, salutation, strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar, enemy, opposer, opponent. deceased: (adj, n) departed; (n) dead address, greet, compliments, unusual, abnormal, outlandish, person, cadaver, decedent; (adj) acknowledgment, accost, hello, hullo, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, defunct, asleep, passed away, passed nod; (v) salute. ANTONYM: (n) extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, on, extinct, lifeless, late. goodbye. ANTONYMS: (adj) living, awake, majesty: (adj, n) grandeur, splendor, typical, usual, conventional, nobility; (n) dignity, loftiness, animated. explicable, sensible, mainstream, embassy: (n) legation, delegation, magnificence, stateliness, greatness, known, human.

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Arthur Plantagenet, lays most lawful claim To this fair island and the territories,-To Ireland, Poictiers, Anjou, Touraine, Maine; Desiring thee to lay aside the sword Which sways usurpingly these several titles, And put the same into young Arthur's hand, Thy nephew and right royal sovereign.% KING JOHN. What follows if we disallow of this? CHATILLON. The proud control of fierce and bloody war, To enforce these rights so forcibly withheld. KING JOHN. Here have we war for war, and blood for blood, Controlment for controlment;--so answer France. CHATILLON. Then take my king's defiance from my mouth, The farthest limit of my embassy. KING JOHN. Bear mine to him, and so depart in peace: Be thou as lightning in the eyes of France; For ere thou canst report I will be there, The thunder of my cannon shall be heard: So, hence! Be thou the trumpet of our wrath, And sullen presage of your own decay.-An honourable conduct let him have:-Pembroke, look to 't. Farewell, Chatillon. [Exeunt CHATILLON and PEMBROKE.] ELINOR. What now, my son! Have I not ever said

Thesaurus cannon: (n) clash, carom, gun, shank, distant; (adj, adv) remotest. ANTONYMS: (adv) closest, nearest. basilisk, gun of position, carambole, forcibly: (adv) forcefully, emphatically, carronade, culverin, field piece, howitzer. powerfully, by force, mightily, under disallow: (v) forbid, bar, deny, protest, cogently, hard, strongly, prohibit, veto, outlaw, exclude, convincingly, clearly. ANTONYMS: (adv) voluntarily, weakly, gently. proscribe, enjoin, decline, disapprove. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, presage: (v) foretell, foreshadow, accept, let, pass, approve. indicate, portend, augur, farthest: (adj) ultimate, extreme, prognosticate, predict; (n, v) forebode; (n) foreboding, portent, farthermost, utmost, uttermost, last, furthermost, endmost, greatest, most sign.

sullen: (adj, n) morose, sulky, sour; (adj) gloomy, gruff, glum, moody, dark, cross, surly; (adj, v) grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, cheery; (n) cheeriness. trumpet: (n) horn, cornet, bugle, clarion, trump, brass, trombone; (v) proclaim, promulgate, show off, blare. withheld: (adj) hidden, uncommitted. ANTONYM: (adj) ongoing.

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How that ambitious Constance would not cease Till she had kindled France and all the world Upon the right and party of her son? This might have been prevented and made whole With very easy arguments of love; Which now the manage of two kingdoms must With fearful bloody issue arbitrate.% KING JOHN. Our strong possession and our right for us. ELINOR. Your strong possession much more than your right, Or else it must go wrong with you and me: So much my conscience whispers in your ear, Which none but heaven and you and I shall hear. [Enter the SHERIFF OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, who whispers to ESSEX.] ESSEX. My liege, here is the strangest controversy, Come from the country to be judg'd by you, That e'er I heard: shall I produce the men? KING JOHN. Let them approach.-[Exit SHERIFF.] Our abbeys and our priories shall pay This expedition's charge. [Re-enter SHERIFF, with ROBERT FAULCONBRIDGE and PHILIP, his bastard BROTHER.] What men are you? BASTARD. Your faithful subject I, a gentleman Born in Northamptonshire, and eldest son,

Thesaurus conscience: (n) moral sense, (adj, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) Conscience money, sense of right and unreliable, false, inaccurate, wrong, scruple, intention, tender unfaithful, unrealistic, faithless, conscience, small voice, principles, perfidious, backstabbing, cheating, morals, morality, inward monitor. inexact, loose. ANTONYM: (n) indifference. fearful: (adj, n) afraid; (adj, v) dreadful, e'er: (adv) ever, forever. cowardly; (adj) terrible, eldest: (adj) elder, older, oldest, eigne; apprehensive, awful, timid, anxious, (n) offspring, progeny, doyen. craven, frightful, eerie. ANTONYMS: faithful: (adj, n) accurate, correct, (adj) rational, calm, confident, bold, exact, true; (adj) close, unfailing, unimpressed, charming, fearless, dependable, devoted, sound, devout; courageous, reassuring, unafraid,

wonderful. heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery. kindled: (adj) enkindled, lighted, lit, burning. liege: (n) feudatory, liegeman, vassal, lord, liege Lord, subject, Luik; (adj) loyal, staunch, true, steady. prevented: (adj) disallowed, barred, banned. ANTONYM: (adj) legitimate.

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As I suppose, to Robert Falconbridge,-A soldier by the honour-giving hand Of Coeur-de-lion knighted in the field.% KING JOHN. What art thou? ROBERT. The son and heir to that same Falconbridge. KING JOHN. Is that the elder, and art thou the heir? You came not of one mother then, it seems. BASTARD. Most certain of one mother, mighty king,-That is well known; and, as I think, one father: But for the certain knowledge of that truth I put you o'er to heaven and to my mother:-Of that I doubt, as all men's children may. ELINOR. Out on thee, rude man! thou dost shame thy mother, And wound her honour with this diffidence. BASTARD. I, madam? no, I have no reason for it,-That is my brother's plea, and none of mine; The which if he can prove, 'a pops me out At least from fair five hundred pound a-year: Heaven guard my mother's honour and my land! KING JOHN. A good blunt fellow.--Why, being younger born, Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance? BASTARD. I know not why, except to get the land.

Thesaurus blunt: (adj, v) dull, deaden; (adj) bluff, arrogance, security, brashness. heir: (n) beneficiary, successor, plain, direct, forthright, frank, candid, outspoken, round, abrupt. offspring, inheritor, heiress, receiver, ANTONYMS: (v) hone, sharpen, progeny, heritor, descendant, scion, point, accentuate, needle; (adj) issue. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, devious, pointed, thoughtful, polite, donor. inheritance: (adj, n) heritage; (n) guarded, gentle. diffidence: (n) reserve, modesty, heredity, heirloom, birthright, shyness, pudency, coyness, bequest, legacy, dowry, estate, appanage, heirship; (v) descent. timorousness, doubt, humility, madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, timidity, uncertainty, constraint. ANTONYMS: (n) approachability, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel

keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd. mighty: (adj) immense, huge, grand, intense, high, big, forcible, strong, large, great; (adj, adv) powerful. ANTONYMS: (adj) puny, tiny, weak, insignificant. o'er: (adv) on, upon, across. pops: (n) man, father, senior. thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage.

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But %once he slander'd me with bastardy: But whe'er I be as true begot or no, That still I lay upon my mother's head; But that I am as well begot, my liege,-Fair fall the bones that took the pains for me!-Compare our faces and be judge yourself. If old Sir Robert did beget us both, And were our father, and this son like him,-O old Sir Robert, father, on my knee I give heaven thanks I was not like to thee! KING JOHN. Why, what a madcap hath heaven lent us here! ELINOR. He hath a trick of Coeur-de-lion's face; The accent of his tongue affecteth him: Do you not read some tokens of my son In the large composition of this man? KING JOHN. Mine eye hath well examined his parts, And finds them perfect Richard.--Sirrah, speak, What doth move you to claim your brother's land? BASTARD. Because he hath a half-face, like my father; With half that face would he have all my land: A half-fac'd groat five hundred pound a-year! ROBERT. My gracious liege, when that my father liv'd, Your brother did employ my father much,--

Thesaurus accent: (v) emphasize, emphasise, gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, madcap: (adj, n) zany; (adj, v) wild, punctuate, accentuate; (n) dialect, fiery; (n) lunatic, hothead, daredevil; courteous, compassionate, kind, (adj) impetuous, reckless, incautious, emphasis, idiom, importance, speech, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) brash, rash. ANTONYM: (adj) articulation, pronunciation. benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (v) attenuate, ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, cautious. downplay, hide, ignore, lessen, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, pains: (n) nisus, labor, trouble, effort, minimize, slight. abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, exertion, labour, pain, care, struggle, beget: (v) father, engender, generate, harsh, poor. attempt, strain. get, produce, procreate, create, sire, groat: (n) penny, doit, rap, mite, Grote, tokens: (n) decorations, discriminating cause, breed, bring about. change, denarius, farthing, coin, marks, indications, indicia, insignia, ANTONYMS: (v) extinguish, destroy. stiver, pocket money. signs, appearances, badges. begot: (v) beget. lent: (n) Quadragesima, Lententide. took: (adj) taken; (v) receive.

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BASTARD. Well, sir, by this you cannot get my land: Your tale must be how he employ'd my mother.% ROBERT. And once despatch'd him in an embassy To Germany, there with the emperor To treat of high affairs touching that time. The advantage of his absence took the King, And in the meantime sojourn'd at my father's; Where how he did prevail I shame to speak,-But truth is truth: large lengths of seas and shores Between my father and my mother lay,-As I have heard my father speak himself,-When this same lusty gentleman was got. Upon his death-bed he by will bequeath'd His lands to me; and took it, on his death, That this, my mother's son, was none of his; And if he were, he came into the world Full fourteen weeks before the course of time. Then, good my liege, let me have what is mine, My father's land, as was my father's will. KING JOHN. Sirrah, your brother is legitimate; Your father's wife did after wedlock bear him; And if she did play false, the fault was hers; Which fault lies on the hazards of all husbands That marry wives. Tell me, how if my brother, Who, as you say, took pains to get this son, Had of your father claim'd this son for his? In sooth, good friend, your father might have kept This calf, bred from his cow, from all the world;

Thesaurus calf: (n) calves, calfskin, sura, foal, shorthorn, pup, kitten, colt, leather, kid, box calf. fourteen: (adj, n) XIV. lands: (n) park, estate, kingdom. lusty: (adj) energetic, stout, lustful, corpulent, potent, virile, vigorous, hearty, sturdy, bouncing, dynamic. ANTONYM: (adj) feeble. meantime: (adv) meanwhile, in the meantime, simultaneously; (n) interval, interlude, while, at times,

whiles, mean, instrument. prevail: (n, v) triumph, control, govern; (v) dominate, overcome, outweigh, obtain, persist, carry, vanquish; (adj) preponderate. ANTONYM: (v) lose. sooth: (n) verity, soothsaying, fact, truth, reality. tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact. touching: (adj, v) affecting; (adj)

poignant, pitiful, pathetic, adjacent, adjoining, emotional; (n) touch, contact; (prep) concerning, about. ANTONYMS: (adj) unaffecting, everyday, heartwarming, unmoving, heartbreaking, emotionless, unemotional, impassive. wedlock: (n, v) marriage, matrimony; (n) union, wedding, polygyny, bigamy, intermarriage, exogamy, endogamy, polyandry, misalliance. wives: (n) woman.

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In sooth, he might; then, if he were my brother's, My brother might not claim him; nor your father, Being none of his, refuse him. This concludes,-My mother's son did get your father's heir; Your father's heir must have your father's land.% ROBERT. Shall then my father's will be of no force To dispossess that child which is not his? BASTARD. Of no more force to dispossess me, sir, Than was his will to get me, as I think. ELINOR. Whether hadst thou rather be a Falconbridge, And like thy brother, to enjoy thy land, Or the reputed son of Coeur-de-lion, Lord of thy presence and no land beside? BASTARD. Madam, an if my brother had my shape And I had his, Sir Robert's his, like him; And if my legs were two such riding-rods, My arms such eel-skins stuff'd, my face so thin That in mine ear I durst not stick a rose Lest men should say 'Look where three-farthings goes!' And, to his shape, were heir to all this land, Would I might never stir from off this place, I would give it every foot to have this face; I would not be Sir Nob in any case. ELINOR. I like thee well: wilt thou forsake thy fortune, Bequeath thy land to him, and follow me? I am a soldier, and now bound to France.

Thesaurus bound: (n, v) leap, jump, border, bounce, limit, edge, vault, recoil; (n) boundary, barrier, compass. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, amble, crawl, limp, permit; (adj) permitted, released, unbound, allowed, unlikely. dispossess: (v) bereave, divest, deprive, eject, rob, disinherit, remove, expel, evict, expropriate, oust. ANTONYMS: (v) provide, bequeath. forsake: (v) abandon, ditch, relinquish,

abdicate, fail, leave, forgo, chuck, janissary. disclaim; (n, v) drop; (adj, v) quit. stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, ANTONYM: (v) support. arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) reputed: (adj) supposed, renowned, movement; (n) commotion, famous, conjectural, assumed, famed, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, eminent, prominent, alleged, wellknown, distinguished. ANTONYM: stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (adj) known. (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm. soldier: (n) warrior, fighter, wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, serviceman, champion, ranker, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) military personnel, swordsman, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, flourish, rise, rally.

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BASTARD. Brother, take you my land, I'll take my chance: Your face hath got five hundred pound a-year; Yet sell your face for fivepence and 'tis dear.-Madam, I'll follow you unto the death.% ELINOR. Nay, I would have you go before me thither. BASTARD. Our country manners give our betters way. KING JOHN. What is thy name? BASTARD. Philip, my liege, so is my name begun; Philip, good old Sir Robert's wife's eldest son. KING JOHN. From henceforth bear his name whose form thou bear'st: Kneel thou down Philip, but rise more great,-Arise Sir Richard and Plantagenet. BASTARD. Brother by the mother's side, give me your hand: My father gave me honour, yours gave land.-Now blessed be the hour, by night or day, When I was got, Sir Robert was away! ELINOR. The very spirit of Plantagenet!-I am thy grandam, Richard; call me so. BASTARD. Madam, by chance, but not by truth; what though? Something about, a little from the right, In at the window, or else o'er the hatch;

Thesaurus bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull. blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved, unhappy, unholy, secular.

grandam: (n) grandmother, grannam. henceforth: (adv) hence, in future, after this; (adj) following. honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect. manners: (n) conduct, etiquette, propriety, behavior, deportment, manner, courtesy, custom, decorum, good manners, usage. ANTONYM:

(n) vulgarity. pound: (n, v) pen, hammer, thump; (v) palpitate, grind, maul, crush, bang, flap, mash, buffet. thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant. unto: (prep, v) to, till, up to; (prep) towards, before. yours: (adj) own.

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Who dares not stir by day must walk by night; And have is have, however men do catch: Near or far off, well won is still well shot; And I am I, howe'er I was begot.% KING JOHN. Go, Falconbridge; now hast thou thy desire: A landless knight makes thee a landed squire.-Come, madam,--and come, Richard; we must speed For France, for France, for it is more than need. BASTARD. Brother, adieu. Good fortune come to thee! For thou wast got i' th' way of honesty. [Exeunt all but the BASTARD.] A foot of honour better than I was; But many a many foot of land the worse. Well, now can I make any Joan a lady:-'Good den, Sir Richard:'--'God-a-mercy, fellow:'-And if his name be George, I'll call him Peter: For new-made honour doth forget men's names: 'Tis too respective and too sociable For your conversion. Now your traveller,-He and his toothpick at my worship's mess;-And when my knightly stomach is suffic'd, Why then I suck my teeth, and catechize My picked man of countries:--'My dear sir,'-Thus leaning on mine elbow I begin,-'I shall beseech you'--that is question now; And then comes answer like an ABC-book:-'O sir,' says answer 'at your best command; At your employment; at your service, sir:'-'No, sir,' says question 'I, sweet sir, at yours:

Thesaurus adieu: (int, n) farewell; (n) vale, valediction, goodbye, leave, cheerio, adios, bye, so long, parting; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYM: (n) greeting. beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject. elbow: (n, v) poke, nudge, jolt; (n) cubitus, elbow joint, angle, articulation; (v) jostle, push, shove, crowd.

knight: (n) horseman, horse, chevalier, tendency, incline, lean; (adj) tilted, banneret, warrior, steed, knighthood, canted, inclined. ANTONYMS: (n) rider, heroin, h; (v) dub. antipathy, dislike; (adj) upright. knightly: (adj) gallant, chivalric, respective: (adj) individual, proper, courteous, courtly, attentive, relative, several, appropriate, medieval, magnanimous, gothic; peculiar, singular, corresponding, (adv) chivalrously, attentively, private, personal, regardful. suck: (v) nurse, drink, imbibe, suckle, courteously. landed: (adj) land, territorial, allodial, absorb, lactate, puff, drain, pull, suck up; (n) sucking. ANTONYM: (v) rock. predial. leaning: (adj, n) bent, disposition, toothpick: (n) strip, pick, picktooth. partiality; (n) propensity, bias,

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And %so, ere answer knows what question would,-Saving in dialogue of compliment, And talking of the Alps and Apennines, The Pyrenean and the river Po,-It draws toward supper in conclusion so. But this is worshipful society, And fits the mounting spirit like myself: For he is but a bastard to the time, That doth not smack of observation,-And so am I, whether I smack or no; And not alone in habit and device, Exterior form, outward accoutrement, But from the inward motion to deliver Sweet, sweet, sweet poison for the age's tooth; Which, though I will not practise to deceive, Yet, to avoid deceit, I mean to learn; For it shall strew the footsteps of my rising.-But who comes in such haste in riding-robes? What woman-post is this? hath she no husband That will take pains to blow a horn before her? [Enter LADY FALCONBRIDGE, and JAMES GURNEY.] O me, 'tis my mother!--How now, good lady! What brings you here to court so hastily? LADY FALCONBRIDGE. Where is that slave, thy brother? where is he That holds in chase mine honour up and down? BASTARD. My brother Robert? old Sir Robert's son? Colbrand the giant, that same mighty man? Is it Sir Robert's son that you seek so?

Thesaurus deceit: (n) guile, artifice, deception, falsehood, ruse, pretense, fraud, trickery; (adj, n) cunning, craft, art. ANTONYMS: (n) sincerity, truthfulness, fairness, frankness, loyalty, straightforwardness, uprightness, truth. footsteps: (n) road, footprints, way, trail, path, track, footpath. haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness,

quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, smack: (adv, n, v) slap, bang; (n, v) patience, forethought, caution. savor, knock, kiss, hit, buss, wallop; inward: (adj) inner, intrinsic, internal, (n) flavor, blow; (adj, n) dash. interior, intestine, inherent, domestic; strew: (v) scatter, spread, disperse, (adv) inwardly, inwards, in; (n) disseminate, distribute, diffuse, sow, innards. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) sprinkle, bestrew, circulate, outward; (adj) outgoing, external. propagate. ANTONYM: (v) outward: (adj) external, apparent, concentrate. extrinsic, outer, superficial, surface, worshipful: (adj, v) great; (v) outside, ostensible, foreign, outdoor; honorable, noble, proud, dignified; (adv) out. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) (adj) reverential, godly, adoring, inward; (adj) inner, internal, deep. venerable, divine, doting.

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LADY FALCONBRIDGE. Sir Robert's son! Ay, thou unreverend boy, Sir Robert's son: why scorn'st thou at Sir Robert? He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou.% BASTARD. James Gurney, wilt thou give us leave awhile? GURNEY. Good leave, good Philip. BASTARD. Philip--sparrow!--James, There's toys abroad:--anon I'll tell thee more. [Exit GURNEY.] Madam, I was not old Sir Robert's son; Sir Robert might have eat his part in me Upon Good-Friday, and ne'er broke his fast. Sir Robert could do well: marry, to confess, Could not get me; Sir Robert could not do it,-We know his handiwork:--therefore, good mother, To whom am I beholding for these limbs? Sir Robert never holp to make this leg. LADY FALCONBRIDGE. Hast thou conspired with thy brother too, That for thine own gain shouldst defend mine honour? What means this scorn, thou most untoward knave? BASTARD. Knight, knight, good mother,--Basilisco-like; What! I am dubb'd; I have it on my shoulder. But, mother, I am not Sir Robert's son: I have disclaim'd Sir Robert and my land; Legitimation, name, and all is gone:

Thesaurus awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; crook, rascal, villain, cad, scalawag, (adv) briefly. scallywag, scoundrel, varlet. beholding: (n) fusion, seeing, visual marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get perception, look. married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, defend: (n, v) guard, shield, advocate; tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. (v) justify, protect, assert, support, ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, maintain, champion, apologize, split. shelter. ANTONYMS: (v) prosecute, ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not. scorn: (v) despise, contemn, reject; (n, abandon, endanger, surrender, v) ridicule, neglect, disregard, deride, renounce, oppose, forsake, assault, slight; (n) contempt, derision, contradict, destroy, expose. knave: (n) cheat, jack, blackguard, mockery. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect,

praise; (v) appreciate, revere, value, approve, admire, accept; (n) admiration, commendation, humility. untoward: (adj) unlucky, unfortunate, inauspicious, unbecoming, inopportune, indecent, unfavorable, unseemly, improper, clumsy, stubborn. ANTONYMS: (adj) auspicious, suitable, lucky, acceptable, happy, fortunate.

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King John

Then, good my mother, let me know my father,-Some proper man, I hope: who was it, mother? LADY FALCONBRIDGE. Hast thou denied thyself a Falconbridge? BASTARD. As faithfully as I deny the devil.% LADY FALCONBRIDGE. King Richard Coeur-de-lion was thy father: By long and vehement suit I was seduc'd To make room for him in my husband's bed:-Heaven lay not my transgression to my charge!-Thou art the issue of my dear offence, Which was so strongly urg'd, past my defence. BASTARD. Now, by this light, were I to get again, Madam, I would not wish a better father. Some sins do bear their privilege on earth, And so doth yours; your fault was not your folly: Needs must you lay your heart at his dispose,-Subjected tribute to commanding love,-Against whose fury and unmatched force The aweless lion could not wage the fight Nor keep his princely heart from Richard's hand: He that perforce robs lions of their hearts May easily win a woman's. Ay, my mother, With all my heart I thank thee for my father! Who lives and dares but say, thou didst not well When I was got, I'll send his soul to hell. Come, lady, I will show thee to my kin; And they shall say when Richard me begot,

Thesaurus aweless: (adj) dauntless, awless, dreadless, fearless, disrespectful, unabashed, brazen, unawed, irreverent, audacious, shameless. faithfully: (adv) exactly, accurately, sincerely, staunchly, precisely, truly, authentically, dutifully, literally, steadfastly, truely. ANTONYMS: (adv) unfaithfully, approximately, falsely, insincerely, carelessly, inaccurately. lions: (n) dogs, order Carnivora,

leopards, jackals, bears, Felidae, violation, misconduct, breach, family Felidae, cheetahs, cats, trespass, infringement. ANTONYMS: (n) piety, obedience. Carnivora. perforce: (n) on compulsion; (adv) unmatched: (adj) unique, unparalleled, needs. unequaled, incomparable, peerless, princely: (adj, v) August, grand, great, odd, unrivaled, nonpareil, lordly, dignified, stately; (adj) unmatchable, supreme, unequal. vehement: (adj) fierce, intense, violent, generous, munificent, majestic, magnificent, gorgeous. ANTONYM: strong, furious, passionate, ferocious, (adj) ungenerous. eager, hot, fervent, fervid. transgression: (n) fault, crime, ANTONYMS: (adj) impassionate, misdeed, error, infraction, offense, indifferent, mild, calm.

William Shakespeare

If thou hadst said him nay, it had been sin: Who says it was, he lies; I say 'twas not.% [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus lies: (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, lying, deceit, defamation, denigration, dishonesty, slander, libel, treachery. ANTONYM: (n) truth. thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage.

17

William Shakespeare

19

ACT II

SCENE I. FRANCE. BEFORE THE WALLS OF ANGIERS.% [Enter, on one side, the ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA and Forces; on the other, PHILIP, King of France, LOUIS, CONSTANCE, ARTHUR, and Forces.] KING PHILIP. Before Angiers well met, brave Austria.-Arthur, that great forerunner of thy blood, Richard, that robb'd the lion of his heart, And fought the holy wars in Palestine, By this brave duke came early to his grave: And, for amends to his posterity, At our importance hither is he come To spread his colours, boy, in thy behalf; And to rebuke the usurpation Of thy unnatural uncle, English John: Embrace him, love him, give him welcome hither. ARTHUR. God shall forgive you Coeur-de-lion's death The rather that you give his offspring life,

Thesaurus amends: (n) atonement, compensation, recompense, satisfaction, redress, damages, reprisal, indemnity, requital; (n, v) restitution, restoration. came: (v) arrive, come. duke: (n) lord, prince, hand, nobleman, fist, chief; (v) pass, box, deliver. forerunner: (n) ancestor, herald, harbinger, messenger, predecessor, antecedent, augury, progenitor, prodrome, parent, leader.

ANTONYMS: (n) successor, rebuke: (n, v) reprimand, rebuff, descendant. reproach, chide, blame, reproof, hither: (adv) here, whither, lecture, check; (v) castigate, berate; (n) admonition. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hitherward, thither. lion: (adj, n) celebrity, hero; (adj) praise, compliment; (v) commend, worthy, great card, tiger; (n) Leo, cat, acknowledge, approve; (n) approval. unnatural: (adj) affected, artificial, king of beasts, curiosity, luminary, spectacle. grotesque, supernatural, forced, offspring: (n, v) issue, breed, brood; abnormal, eccentric, uncanny, stilted, (n) progeny, family, children, child, mannered, anomalous. ANTONYMS: successor, lineage, young; (v) fruit. (adj) natural, normal, real, unaffected, ANTONYM: (n) parent. commonplace, genuine, sincere.

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King John

Shadowing their right under your wings of war: I give you welcome with a powerless hand, But with a heart full of unstained love,-Welcome before the gates of Angiers, duke.% LOUIS. A noble boy! Who would not do thee right? AUSTRIA. Upon thy cheek lay I this zealous kiss, As seal to this indenture of my love,-That to my home I will no more return, Till Angiers, and the right thou hast in France, Together with that pale, that white-fac'd shore, Whose foot spurns back the ocean's roaring tides, And coops from other lands her islanders,-Even till that England, hedg'd in with the main, That water-walled bulwark, still secure And confident from foreign purposes,-Even till that utmost corner of the west Salute thee for her king: till then, fair boy, Will I not think of home, but follow arms. CONSTANCE. O, take his mother's thanks, a widow's thanks, Till your strong hand shall help to give him strength To make a more requital to your love! AUSTRIA. The peace of heaven is theirs that lift their swords In such a just and charitable war. KING PHILIP. Well then, to work: our cannon shall be bent Against the brows of this resisting town.-Call for our chiefest men of discipline,

Thesaurus brows: (n) brow. bulwark: (n, v) shield, safeguard, guard; (n) rampart, wall, barrier, breakwater, bastion, defense, battlement, buffer. ANTONYM: (n) weakness. gates: (n) bill Gates. indenture: (n, v) indent; (n) deed, covenant, agreement, contract, indentation, notch, assurance, charter; (v) bind, oblige. requital: (n) amends, recompense,

retribution, reprisal, return, reward, unstained: (adj) unblemished, repayment, payment, reckoning, pay; unspotted, clean, unsoiled, pure, (n, v) guerdon. stainless, immaculate, unsullied, resisting: (adj) tough, tenacious, untainted, chaste, undefiled. ANTONYM: (adj) stained. sequacious, stringy, tough as zealous: (adj) keen, enthusiastic, whitleather, resistant, recalcitrant, opposing, making resistance, loath; fervent, ardent, avid, devoted, (v) resist. strenuous, vehement, glowing, fiery; roaring: (n) bellowing, roar, bellow, (adj, n) passionate. ANTONYMS: thunder; (adj) booming, prosperous, (adj) indifferent, apathetic, thriving, flourishing, deafening, unenthusiastic, cool, halfhearted, noisy, boisterous. moderate.

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To cull the plots of best advantages: We'll lay before this town our royal bones, Wade to the market-place in Frenchmen's blood, But we will make it subject to this boy.% CONSTANCE. Stay for an answer to your embassy, Lest unadvis'd you stain your swords with blood: My Lord Chatillon may from England bring That right in peace which here we urge in war; And then we shall repent each drop of blood That hot rash haste so indirectly shed. KING PHILIP. A wonder, lady!--lo, upon thy wish, Our messenger Chatillon is arriv'd. [Enter CHATILLON.] What England says, say briefly, gentle lord; We coldly pause for thee; Chatillon, speak. CHATILLON. Then turn your forces from this paltry siege, And stir them up against a mightier task. England, impatient of your just demands, Hath put himself in arms: the adverse winds, Whose leisure I have stay'd, have given him time To land his legions all as soon as I; His marches are expedient to this town, His forces strong, his soldiers confident. With him along is come the mother-queen, An Ate, stirring him to blood and strife; With her her neice, the Lady Blanch of Spain; With them a bastard of the king's deceas'd: And all the unsettled humours of the land,--

Thesaurus blood: (n) birth, gore, nature, origin, kindred, lineage, descent, family, beau, pedigree; (adj) juice. cull: (v) pick, collect, pluck, select, extract, glean, reap, gather, compile, amass, sort. expedient: (adj) fit, advisable, becoming, desirable, adequate, apt, convenient, suitable; (n) contrivance, resource, artifice. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, inexpedient, impractical, futile, detrimental,

inconvenient, foolish. dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt, marches: (n) precinct, Marche, stint. defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, paltry: (adj, n) mean; (adj) dignify, clean. contemptible, measly, trifling, abject, unsettled: (adj) changeable, insignificant, inconsiderable, puny, undecided, doubtful, uneasy, little, trivial, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) outstanding, variable, unpaid, unresolved; (adj, v) unfixed, generous, substantial, plentiful, enormous, important, profound. indefinite, undetermined. repent: (v) deplore, bewail, rue, ANTONYMS: (adj) confident, mourn, lament, atone, sorry, bemoan, definite, decided, well, sure, happy, feel remorse, grieve, be sorry. constant, conclusive, certain, calmed, stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, calm.

22

King John

Rash, inconsiderate, fiery voluntaries, With ladies' faces and fierce dragons' spleens,-Have sold their fortunes at their native homes, Bearing their birthrights proudly on their backs, To make a hazard of new fortunes here. In brief, a braver choice of dauntless spirits Than now the English bottoms have waft o'er Did never float upon the swelling tide To do offence and scathe in Christendom. [Drums beat within.] The interruption of their churlish drums Cuts off more circumstance: they are at hand; To parley or to fight: therefore prepare.% KING PHILIP. How much unlook'd-for is this expedition! AUSTRIA. By how much unexpected, by so much We must awake endeavour for defence; For courage mounteth with occasion: Let them be welcome, then; we are prepar'd. [Enter KING JOHN, ELINOR, BLANCH, the BASTARD, PEMBROKE, Lords, and Forces.] KING JOHN. Peace be to France, if France in peace permit Our just and lineal entrance to our own! If not, bleed France, and peace ascend to heaven, Whiles we, God's wrathful agent, do correct Their proud contempt that beats his peace to heaven! KING PHILIP. Peace be to England, if that war return From France to England, there to live in peace!

Thesaurus bleed: (v) run, ooze, phlebotomize, leak, percolate, shed blood, trickle, hemorrhage, fleece; (n) ache, smart. bottoms: (n) swamp, lees, residue. churlish: (adj) rude, rough, impolite, loutish, gruff, curt, abrupt, brusque, blunt, brutish, discourteous. ANTONYMS: (adj) agreeable, civil, courteous, nice, polite. inconsiderate: (adj) headlong, unadvised, unthinking, unkind, indiscreet, negligent, tactless,

incautious, imprudent, heedless; (adj, scathe: (adj, n, v) damage; (n) adv) thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) impairment, detriment, injury, disfigurement, defacement; (adj, n) thoughtful, considerate, altruism, hurt; (adj) injure, impair, labefy, altruistic, caring, cautious, constructive, gentle, polite, tactful. scath. lineal: (adj, v) linear; (adj) ancestral, waft: (v) blow, float, drift, glide, wave, gust; (n) whiff, puff, vivda, vifda, hereditary, straight, directly, racial, extended senses, exact. pennoncelle. parley: (v) negotiate, converse, confer, wrathful: (adj) furious, irate, wroth, consult; (n, v) talk, treat; (n) ireful, indignant, incensed, mad, conversation, interview, colloquy, raging, resentful, infuriated, choleric. ANTONYM: (adj) pleased. meeting, consultation.

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England %we love; and for that England's sake With burden of our armour here we sweat. This toil of ours should be a work of thine; But thou from loving England art so far That thou hast under-wrought his lawful king, Cut off the sequence of posterity, Outfaced infant state, and done a rape Upon the maiden virtue of the crown. Look here upon thy brother Geffrey's face:-These eyes, these brows, were moulded out of his: This little abstract doth contain that large Which died in Geffrey; and the hand of time Shall draw this brief into as huge a volume. That Geffrey was thy elder brother born, And this his son; England was Geffrey's right, And this is Geffrey's: in the name of God, How comes it then, that thou art call'd a king, When living blood doth in these temples beat, Which owe the crown that thou o'er-masterest? KING JOHN. From whom hast thou this great commission, France, To draw my answer from thy articles? KING PHILIP. From that supernal judge that stirs good thoughts In any breast of strong authority, To look into the blots and stains of right. That judge hath made me guardian to this boy: Under whose warrant I impeach thy wrong; And by whose help I mean to chastise it. KING JOHN. Alack, thou dost usurp authority.

Thesaurus chastise: (v) castigate, chasten, correct, licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) temples: (n) brow. permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) toil: (n, v) labor, work, drudge, sweat, reprimand, punish, criticize, beat, scold, chew out, flog; (n, v) scourge. drudgery, grind, labour, travail; (v) unlawful, prohibited, ANTONYMS: (v) comfort, bless, plod; (n) effort, exertion. unconstitutional. maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, ANTONYMS: (n) pastime, commend, promote, reward, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) entertainment, fun, relaxation; (v) encourage. impeach: (v) accuse, criminate, blame, first, initiatory, unmarried. laze, neglect. usurp: (v) arrogate, seize, appropriate, censure, query, denounce, challenge, supernal: (adj) heavenly, celestial, question, condemn; (n, v) arraign, ethereal, lofty, unearthly, spiritual, take over, commandeer, capture, unworldly; (v) head, capital, polar, borrow, confiscate, take, grab; (adj) indict. lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, topgallant. ANTONYM: (adj) violate. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, constitutional, true, right, justifiable, infernal. relinquish.

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King John

KING PHILIP. Excus,--it is to beat usurping down.% ELINOR. Who is it thou dost call usurper, France? CONSTANCE. Let me make answer;--thy usurping son. ELINOR. Out, insolent! thy bastard shall be king, That thou mayst be a queen, and check the world! CONSTANCE. My bed was ever to thy son as true As thine was to thy husband; and this boy Liker in feature to his father Geffrey Than thou and John in manners,--being as like As rain to water, or devil to his dam. My boy a bastard! By my soul, I think His father never was so true begot: It cannot be, an if thou wert his mother. ELINOR. There's a good mother, boy, that blots thy father. CONSTANCE. There's a good grandam, boy, that would blot thee. AUSTRIA. Peace! BASTARD. Hear the crier. AUSTRIA. What the devil art thou?

Thesaurus beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap, crier: (n) herald, town crier, bellman, knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce, announcer, weeper, trumpeter, pulsate, bat; (n) round. ANTONYMS: roarer, pursuivant, unfortunate, (v) protect, help, divide, cede, aid, messenger, yeller. separate, surrender; (adj) invigorated, devil: (n) fiend, demon, ghost, energized; (n) caress, pat. monster, Lucifer, Satan, Beelzebub, blot: (n, v) spot, blemish, smudge, deuce, daemon; (v) torment, rag. mark, slur, taint, shame; (v) tarnish, ANTONYM: (n) angel. blob; (n) blotch; (adj, n) fault. insolent: (adj) impertinent, abusive, ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, grace, disrespectful, impudent, fresh, soak, wet, beautify, improve, arrogant, brazen, defiant, offensive, brassy, bold. ANTONYMS: (adj) enhance.

respectful, modest, gracious, meek, submissive. queen: (n) king, lady, sovereign, monarch, dame, pansy, queer, faggot, princess, fairy, czarina. soul: (n) creature, human, person, personification, ghost, individual, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n) heart. ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body. usurper: (n) dictator, pretender, thief. usurping: (adj) encroaching.

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BASTARD. One that will play the devil, sir, with you, An 'a may catch your hide and you alone. You are the hare of whom the proverb goes, Whose valour plucks dead lions by the beard: I'll smoke your skin-coat an I catch you right; Sirrah, look to 't; i' faith I will, i' faith.% BLANCH. O, well did he become that lion's robe That did disrobe the lion of that robe! BASTARD. It lies as sightly on the back of him As great Alcides' shows upon an ass:-But, ass, I'll take that burden from your back, Or lay on that shall make your shoulders crack. AUSTRIA. What cracker is this same that deafs our ears With this abundance of superfluous breath? KING PHILIP. Louis, determine what we shall do straight. LOUIS. Women and fools, break off your conference.-King John, this is the very sum of all,-England and Ireland, Anjou, Touraine, Maine, In right of Arthur, do I claim of thee: Wilt thou resign them, and lay down thy arms? KING JOHN. My life as soon:--I do defy thee, France. Arthur of Bretagne, yield thee to my hand; And out of my dear love, I'll give thee more

Thesaurus cracker: (n) banger, biscuit, firecracker, firework, soda cracker, pyrotechnics, favor; (v) squib, popgun, gun, doughnut. defy: (n, v) dare; (v) brave, resist, ignore, confront, revolt, oppose, withstand, disobey, contradict; (n) defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, acquiesce, surrender, yield, comply, accept. disrobe: (v) strip, deprive, dismantle, unclothe, divest, discase, uncover,

unrobe, denude, strip off, peel. ANTONYM: (v) clothe. proverb: (n) adage, byword, aphorism, dictum, saying, axiom, parable, motto, expression; (n, v) maxim, saw. robe: (n, v) dress, array, vest, garb, apparel; (v) clothe, attire, rig; (n) gown, cloak, garment. sightly: (adj, adv) comely; (adj) fair, beautiful, shapely, bonny, personable, viewsome, middling; (adv) beautifully, fairly, worldly.

superfluous: (adj, v) spare; (adj) needless, extra, excess, excessive, unnecessary, surplus, pointless, superabundant, supernumerary, supererogatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) indispensable, important, essential, basic, pertinent. valour: (n) valor, valiancy, valiance, heroism, courage, bravery, valorousness, prowess, daring, pluck, spirit.

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King John

Than e'er the coward hand of France can win: Submit thee, boy.% ELINOR. Come to thy grandam, child. CONSTANCE. Do, child, go to it' grandam, child; Give grandam kingdom, and it' grandam will Give it a plum, a cherry, and a fig. There's a good grandam! ARTHUR. Good my mother, peace! I would that I were low laid in my grave: I am not worth this coil that's made for me. ELINOR. His mother shames him so, poor boy, he weeps. CONSTANCE. Now, shame upon you, whe'er she does or no! His grandam's wrongs, and not his mother's shames, Draws those heaven-moving pearls from his poor eyes, Which heaven shall take in nature of a fee: Ay, with these crystal beads heaven shall be brib'd To do him justice, and revenge on you. ELINOR. Thou monstrous slanderer of heaven and earth! CONSTANCE. Thou monstrous injurer of heaven and earth! Call not me slanderer: thou and thine usurp The dominations, royalties, and rights, Of this oppressed boy: this is thy eldest son's son, Infortunate in nothing but in thee:

Thesaurus beads: (n) pearls, chaplet, censer, pax, daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave. laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, patera, host, cross, pyx, reliquary, rood, thurible. situated, arranged, determined, coil: (n, v) spiral, curl, roll, circle, loop, dictated, hardened, ordered. reel; (v) round, wind, involve; (adj, v) monstrous: (adj) huge, atrocious, twist; (adj) coiling. ANTONYMS: (v) heinous, monster, immense, gigantic, uncoil, untwist, unwind, straighten. grievous, ugly, flagitious, dreadful; coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, (adj, v) grotesque. ANTONYMS: (adj) dastard, milksop, weakling, tiny, minute, beautiful, good, small, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, lovely, attractive. oppressed: (adj) laden, persecuted, chickenhearted, pusillanimous, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) broken, burdened, drawn, gloomy,

aggrieved, downcast, heavy, ladened, loaded. pearls: (n) beads, jewelry, jewellery. plum: (n) damson, greengage, plum tree, prune, drupe, marmalade, lac, licorice; (adv) plumb, clean; (adj) mauve. slanderer: (n) backbiter, libeler, detractor, maligner, traducer, vilifier, calumniator, mudslinger, substractor, muckraker, knocker. wrongs: (n) mala.

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27

Thy sins are visited in this poor child; The canon of the law is laid on him, Being but the second generation Removed from thy sin-conceiving womb.% KING JOHN. Bedlam, have done. CONSTANCE. I have but this to say,-That he is not only plagued for her sin, But God hath made her sin and her the plague On this removed issue, plagu'd for her And with her plague, her sin; his injury Her injury,--the beadle to her sin; All punish'd in the person of this child, And all for her: a plague upon her! ELINOR. Thou unadvised scold, I can produce A will that bars the title of thy son. CONSTANCE. Ay, who doubts that? a will, a wicked will; A woman's will; a canker'd grandam's will! KING PHILIP. Peace, lady! pause, or be more temperate: It ill beseems this presence to cry aim To these ill-tuned repetitions.-Some trumpet summon hither to the walls These men of Angiers: let us hear them speak Whose title they admit, Arthur's or John's. [Trumpet sounds. Enter citizens upon the walls.]

Thesaurus beadle: (n) verger, catchpoll, almoner, functionary, sacristan, sexton, janitor, Suisse, tipstaff, officer, George Wells beadle. canon: (n) rule, regulation, principle, doctrine, law, formula, standard, statute, code, act, criterion. doubts: (adj) doubting. plague: (v) molest, harass, afflict, hassle, annoy, badger, pester, disturb, beleaguer; (n, v) worry; (adj, n, v) bother. ANTONYM: (v) comfort.

plagued: (adj) overrun, inundated, snowed under, beleaguered, weighed down, obsessed, besieged, beset, overwhelmed. scold: (v) reprimand, chide, berate, rebuke, abuse, lecture, reproach, rail, grouch; (n, v) nag; (adj, n) shrew. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, compliment, approve. summon: (v) assemble, convene, demand, ask, invoke, evoke, invite, muster, page, rally, convoke.

ANTONYM: (v) disband. unadvised: (adj) unwary, inconsiderate, mistaken, uninformed; (v) unwarned. ANTONYMS: (adj) advised, wise. wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding.

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King John

FIRST CITIZEN. Who is it that hath warn'd us to the walls? KING PHILIP. 'Tis France, for England.% KING JOHN. England for itself:-You men of Angiers, and my loving subjects,-KING PHILIP. You loving men of Angiers, Arthur's subjects, Our trumpet call'd you to this gentle parle. KING JOHN. For our advantage; therefore hear us first. These flags of France, that are advanced here Before the eye and prospect of your town, Have hither march'd to your endamagement; The cannons have their bowels full of wrath, And ready mounted are they to spit forth Their iron indignation 'gainst your walls: All preparation for a bloody siege And merciless proceeding by these French Confronts your city's eyes, your winking gates; And, but for our approach, those sleeping stones That as a waist doth girdle you about, By the compulsion of their ordinance By this time from their fixed beds of lime Had been dishabited, and wide havoc made For bloody power to rush upon your peace. But, on the sight of us, your lawful king,-Who, painfully, with much expedient march, Have brought a countercheck before your gates, To save unscratch'd your city's threatn'd cheeks,--

Thesaurus bowels: (n) gut, compassion, pity, debacle, wreckage, waste, chaos, inside, bowel, viscera, innards, belly, downfall; (n, v) carnage. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, calm. guts, insides, intestines. countercheck: (n) counterfoil, indignation: (n) anger, resentment, countermark, countersign, obstacle, displeasure, grudge, umbrage, rage, impediment; (v) negate, neutralize, outrage, exasperation, choler, dudgeon; (adj, n) wrath. antagonize, cancel, contain, redress. girdle: (v) encircle, circle, compass, ANTONYMS: (n) contentment, gird, enclose, encompass; (n, v) zone, pleasure. ring; (n) cincture, cummerbund, sash. merciless: (adj) brutal, pitiless, havoc: (n) devastation, mayhem, unmerciful, remorseless, heartless, destruction, damage, demolition, implacable, inhuman, hard, grim,

barbarous, unfeeling. ANTONYMS: (adj) charitable, kind, humane, soft, caring, tolerant. parle: (n, v) parley. spit: (v) drizzle, expectorate, sprinkle, spew, drool, spike, spatter; (n) broach, saliva, cape; (n, v) skewer. winking: (n) twinkling, wink, blink, New York minute, jiffy, instant, nictation, nictitation, trice, blink of an eye; (adj) pink ribbons.

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Behold, the French, amaz'd, vouchsafe a parle; And now, instead of bullets wrapp'd in fire, To make a shaking fever in your walls, They shoot but calm words folded up in smoke, To make a faithless error in your ears: Which trust accordingly, kind citizens, And let us in, your king; whose labour'd spirits, Forwearied in this action of swift speed, Craves harbourage within your city-walls.% KING PHILIP. When I have said, make answer to us both. Lo, in this right hand, whose protection Is most divinely vow'd upon the right Of him it holds, stands young Plantagenet, Son to the elder brother of this man, And king o'er him and all that he enjoys: For this down-trodden equity we tread In war-like march these greens before your town; Being no further enemy to you Than the constraint of hospitable zeal In the relief of this oppressed child Religiously provokes. Be pleased then To pay that duty which you truly owe To him that owes it, namely, this young prince: And then our arms, like to a muzzled bear, Save in aspect, hath all offence seal'd up; Our cannons' malice vainly shall be spent Against the invulnerable clouds of heaven; And with a blessed and unvex'd retire, With unhack'd swords and helmets all unbruis'd, We will bear home that lusty blood again Which here we came to spout against your town,

Thesaurus divinely: (adv) holy, wonderfully, exquisitely, priestly, beautifully, religiously, spiritually, almightily, magnificently, sacredly, godly. faithless: (adj) dishonest, false, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful, deceitful, untrustworthy, untrue, truthless, mendacious, perfidious. ANTONYMS: (adj) loyal, steadfast, true, honest. harbourage: (n) refuge, port, anchorage.

invulnerable: (adj) impregnable, impervious, impenetrable, safe, inviolable, unassailable, secure, indomitable, untouchable, woundless; (adj, v) defensible. ANTONYM: (adj) receptive. malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, benevolence, affection, goodness. spout: (n, v) jet, spurt, squirt, spirt,

outlet; (v) gush, burst; (n) nozzle, pipe, nose, flow. vainly: (adv) uselessly, futilely, fruitlessly, conceitedly, in vain, worthlessly, abortively, bootlessly, arrogantly, unproductively; (adj, adv) foolishly. ANTONYMS: (adv) fruitfully, successfully, effectively. vouchsafe: (v) grant, condescend, allow, confer, stoop, give, please, bestow; (n, v) accord; (adv) have the goodness, will you.

30

King John

And leave your children, wives, and you, in peace. But if you fondly pass our proffer'd offer, 'Tis not the roundure of your old-fac'd walls Can hide you from our messengers of war, Though all these English, and their discipline, Were harbour'd in their rude circumference. Then, tell us, shall your city call us lord In that behalf which we have challeng'd it? Or shall we give the signal to our rage, And stalk in blood to our possession? FIRST CITIZEN. In brief: we are the King of England's subjects: For him, and in his right, we hold this town.% KING JOHN. Acknowledge then the king, and let me in. CITIZEN. That can we not; but he that proves the king, To him will we prove loyal: till that time Have we ramm'd up our gates against the world. KING JOHN. Doth not the crown of England prove the king? And if not that, I bring you witnesses, Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's breed,-BASTARD. Bastards, and else. KING JOHN. To verify our title with their lives. KING PHILIP. As many and as well-born bloods as those,--

Thesaurus behalf: (n) sake, part, interest, behoof, dependable, obedient. ANTONYMS: stalk: (n) stem, shank; (v) pursue, (adj) disloyal, unfaithful, unreliable, defense, lieu, good, stead, score, walk, march, follow, shadow, tail, service, side. disobedient, inconstant, treacherous, track, trail, hunt. fondly: (adv) lovingly, tenderly, uncommitted, unpatriotic, unhelpful, verify: (v) corroborate, ascertain, warmly, kindly, caringly, adoringly, fickle. confirm, check, prove, support, rude: (adj, n) rough, impudent, coarse, certify, validate, sustain; (n, v) devotedly, amorously, dearly, abrupt, bold; (adj) blunt, dotingly, foolishly. ANTONYMS: establish, authenticate. ANTONYMS: (adv) coldly, ill. discourteous, impolite, brutal, crude, (v) invalidate, discredit, refute, hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades. mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) polite, undermine. loyal: (adj, v) firm; (adj, n) unwavering, refined, courteous, chivalrous, civil, well-born: (adj) aristocratic, patrician, true, accurate; (adj) fast, steady, proper, decent, exact, clean, gentle, gentle. constant, reliable, devoted, inoffensive.

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BASTARD. Some bastards too.% KING PHILIP. Stand in his face, to contradict his claim. FIRST CITIZEN. Till you compound whose right is worthiest, We for the worthiest hold the right from both. KING JOHN. Then God forgive the sin of all those souls That to their everlasting residence, Before the dew of evening fall, shall fleet, In dreadful trial of our kingdom's king! KING PHILIP. Amen, Amen!--Mount, chevaliers; to arms! BASTARD. Saint George, that swinged the dragon, and e'er since Sits on his horse' back at mine hostess' door, Teach us some fence!—[To AUSTRIA.] Sirrah, were I at home, At your den, sirrah, with your lioness, I would set an ox-head to your lion's hide, And make a monster of you. AUSTRIA. Peace! no more. BASTARD. O, tremble, for you hear the lion roar. KING JOHN. Up higher to the plain; where we'll set forth In best appointment all our regiments. BASTARD. Speed, then, to take advantage of the field.

Thesaurus contradict: (v) deny, oppose, belie, monster: (n) beast, fiend, devil, freak, endless, constant, continual, conflict, confute, controvert, perpetual, immortal, deathless, brute, demon, ogre, leviathan, ageless, aeonian; (adj, n) lasting. behemoth, monstrosity; (adj) huge. contravene, disprove, refute, invalidate, impugn. ANTONYMS: (v) ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, ephemeral, roar: (n, v) bellow, cry, shout, howl, agree, match, correspond, approve, fleeting, mortal, ending, terminating, bark, clatter, holler; (adj, n, v) thunder; (v) bawl; (adj, v) bluster; (adj, corroborate, prove, support, inconstant, fragile, perishable. horse: (n, v) mount; (n) buck, heroin, n) peal. ANTONYMS: (v) cry, week. reinforce. dragon: (adj) wyvern, cockatrice, tiger, junk, charger, knight, pony, rider, tremble: (adj, n, v) shiver; (n, v) quiver, shudder, thrill, palpitate; (adj, v) wild beast, sea serpent, scold, trestle, eohippus, dog. madcap; (adj, n) shrew; (n) demon, hostess: (n) mistress, air hostess, flight totter, quake; (n) throb; (v) flutter, quail, falter. ANTONYMS: (v) steady, beldame, Megaera. attendant, housewife, steward, everlasting: (adj) eternal, ceaseless, innkeeper, landlady, prostitute, host. calm.

32

King John

KING PHILIP. It shall be so;--[To LOUIS.] and at the other hill Command the rest to stand.--God and our right! [Exeunt severally.] [After excursions, enter a FRENCH HERALD, with trumpets, to the gates.] FRENCH HERALD. You men of Angiers, open wide your gates And let young Arthur, Duke of Bretagne, in, Who, by the hand of France, this day hath made Much work for tears in many an English mother, Whose sons lie scatter'd on the bleeding ground; Many a widow's husband grovelling lies, Coldly embracing the discolour'd earth; And victory, with little loss, doth play Upon the dancing banners of the French, Who are at hand, triumphantly display'd, To enter conquerors, and to proclaim Arthur of Bretagne England's king and yours.% [Enter an ENGLISH HERALD, with trumpets.] ENGLISH HERALD. Rejoice, you men of Angiers, ring your bells: King John, your king and England's, doth approach, Commander of this hot malicious day: Their armours, that march'd hence so silver-bright, Hither return all gilt with Frenchmen's blood; There stuck no plume in any English crest That is removed by a staff of France, Our colours do return in those same hands That did display them when we first march'd forth; And, like a jolly troop of huntsmen, come Our lusty English, all with purpled hands,

Thesaurus colours: (n) banner, ensign, emblem, colour, colouring, standard, flag, color, tone. embracing: (n) embrace, hugging, kissing, taking on, implementation, espousal, clutches; (adj) twining, osculant, grasping, close. gilt: (n) gilding, plating, money, decoration; (adj) aureate, golden, gold, florid; (v) tesselated, ornate, rich. grovelling: (adj) groveling, base,

abject, menial, vulgar, slavish, servile, obsequious, low, wormlike, earthbred. malicious: (adj) evil, vicious, venomous, spiteful, unkind, cruel, poisonous, mean, mischievous, pernicious, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, harmless, kindhearted, loving, unmalicious, compassionate, good, merciful, pleasant, provoked. plume: (n) feather, plumage, quill, panache, aigrette, crest, feathering;

(v) pride, pluck, dress, preen. triumphantly: (adv) exultantly, winningly, jubilantly, elatedly, proudly, successfully, triumphally, conqueringly, gleefully, delightedly, gloriously. troop: (n) group, corps, gang, crowd, band, brigade, crew, herd, swarm, horde; (n, v) flock. trumpets: (n) Sarracenia flava, yellow pitcher plant, pitcher plant, yellow trumpet.

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Dy'd in the dying slaughter of their foes: Open your gates and give the victors way.% FIRST CITIZEN. Heralds, from off our towers, we might behold, From first to last, the onset and retire Of both your armies; whose equality By our best eyes cannot be censured: Blood hath bought blood, and blows have answer'd blows; Strength match'd with strength, and power confronted power: Both are alike, and both alike we like. One must prove greatest: while they weigh so even, We hold our town for neither; yet for both. [Enter, on one side, KING JOHN, ELINOR, BLANCH, the BASTARD, and Forces; at the other, KING PHILIP, LOUIS, AUSTRIA, and Forces.] KING JOHN. France, hast thou yet more blood to cast away? Say, shall the current of our right run on? Whose passage, vex'd with thy impediment, Shall leave his native channel, and o'erswell With course disturb'd even thy confining shores, Unless thou let his silver water keep A peaceful progress to the ocean. KING PHILIP. England, thou hast not sav'd one drop of blood In this hot trial, more than we of France; Rather, lost more: and by this hand I swear, That sways the earth this climate overlooks, Before we will lay down our just-borne arms, We'll put thee down, 'gainst whom these arms we bear, Or add a royal number to the dead,

Thesaurus alike: (adj) corresponding, equal, closemouthed; (v) confine; (n) equivalent, cognate, analogical, contraction. parallel, analogous, identical, similar, ocean: (n) deep, brine, salt water, the same, duplicate. ANTONYMS: main, waves, watery waste, (adj) different, dissimilar, contrasting, multitude, lot; (adj) oceanic, many, unalike, disparate, unlike, opposite; marine. (adv) differently, unequally, onset: (n, v) attack; (n) incursion, unevenly. charge, aggression, onslaught, bought: (n) crook, hook. inroad, beginning, assault, birth, confining: (adj) restricting, limiting, onrush, dawn. ANTONYMS: (n) narrow, confined, oppressive, termination, conclusion, departure. slaughter: (n, v) murder, butcher, stringent, constrictive, restrictive,

defeat; (n) carnage, butchery, bloodshed, drubbing, homicide; (v) kill, assassinate, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) preservation, victory; (v) lose, revive. towers: (n) edifice. weigh: (v) press, study, measure, matter, consider, count, deliberate, contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance, poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect.

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King John

Gracing the scroll that tells of this war's loss With slaughter coupled to the name of kings.% BASTARD. Ha, majesty! how high thy glory towers When the rich blood of kings is set on fire! O, now doth Death line his dead chaps with steel; The swords of soldiers are his teeth, his fangs; And now he feasts, mousing the flesh of men, In undetermin'd differences of kings.-Why stand these royal fronts amazed thus? Cry, havoc, kings! back to the stained field, You equal potents, fiery-kindled spirits! Then let confusion of one part confirm The other's peace: till then, blows, blood, and death! KING JOHN. Whose party do the townsmen yet admit? KING PHILIP. Speak, citizens, for England; who's your king? FIRST CITIZEN. The King of England, when we know the king. KING PHILIP. Know him in us, that here hold up his right. KING JOHN. In us, that are our own great deputy, And bear possession of our person here; Lord of our presence, Angiers, and of you. FIRST CITIZEN. A greater power than we denies all this; And till it be undoubted, we do lock Our former scruple in our strong-barr'd gates;

Thesaurus amazed: (adj) astounded, astonished, stunned, dumbfounded, flabbergasted, shocked, staggered, bewildered, surprised, thunderstruck, aghast. chaps: (n) chops, fauces, crack. coupled: (adj) conjugate, linked, united, double, joined, associated, conjugated, attached, fixed, twin, paired. ANTONYM: (adj) unrelated. differences: (n) difference; (v) agree, straighten out.

glory: (n) celebrity, brightness, honor, distinction, glorification, eclat, dignity; (n, v) halo, pride; (v) exult, boast. ANTONYMS: (v) blasphemy, lament, profanity; (n) dishonor, disrepute, ugliness, blame, criticism. scroll: (n, v) roll, list, roller, record; (n) curlicue, curl, archive, helix, book, whorl; (v) role. scruple: (adj, v) hesitate, demur, pause; (n) hesitation, qualm, misgiving, distrust, objection; (n, v) mistrust; (v)

falter, question. stained: (adj) besmirched, dirty, colored, tarnished, soiled, tainted, sullied, flyblown, discolored, painted; (v) polluted. ANTONYMS: (adj) unspoiled, unstained, unblemished, clean. undoubted: (adj) unquestionable, undisputed, indisputable, undeniable, sure, positive, true, unquestioned, indubitable, definite, unchallenged.

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King'd of our fears, until our fears, resolv'd, Be by some certain king purg'd and depos'd.% BASTARD. By heaven, these scroyles of Angiers flout you, kings, And stand securely on their battlements As in a theatre, whence they gape and point At your industrious scenes and acts of death. Your royal presences be rul'd by me:-Do like the mutines of Jerusalem, Be friends awhile, and both conjointly bend Your sharpest deeds of malice on this town: By east and west let France and England mount Their battering cannon, charged to the mouths, Till their soul-fearing clamours have brawl'd down The flinty ribs of this contemptuous city: I'd play incessantly upon these jades, Even till unfenced desolation Leave them as naked as the vulgar air. That done, dissever your united strengths, And part your mingled colours once again: Turn face to face, and bloody point to point; Then, in a moment, fortune shall cull forth Out of one side her happy minion, To whom in favour she shall give the day, And kiss him with a glorious victory. How like you this wild counsel, mighty states? Smacks it not something of the policy? KING JOHN. Now, by the sky that hangs above our heads, I like it well.--France, shall we knit our powers,

Thesaurus battering: (n) batter, beating, combat, fighting, fight, whipping, attack, mugging, physical attack, spanking, rough treatment. conjointly: (adv) collectively, unitedly, communally, together, altogether, mutually, conjunctly, conjoinedly, combined, also, completely. dissever: (v) divide, break, cleave, carve up, split, separate, sever, disconnect, parcel, split up, divorce. ANTONYM: (v) unite.

flinty: (adj) rocky, unyielding, grim, continuously, unceasingly, eternally, unfeeling, stern, stony, severe, hard, persistently, unremittingly, cruel, obdurate, heartless. unendingly, steadily. ANTONYMS: flout: (n, v) deride, jeer, gibe, taunt, (adv) sporadically, briefly. scoff, mock, sneer; (v) defy, scorn, industrious: (adj) diligent, assiduous, jest, scout. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, indefatigable, busy, energetic, notice. hardworking, laborious, tireless, gape: (v) gawk, yawn, open, glare, earnest, keen, enterprising. goggle, split, dehisce, ogle, see; (adj, ANTONYMS: (adj) indolent, idle, n) stare; (n, v) look. destructive, weary, careless. incessantly: (adv) constantly, ribs: (n) dinner, chest, bosom. endlessly, continually, perpetually,

36

King John

And lay this Angiers even with the ground; Then, after, fight who shall be king of it? BASTARD. An if thou hast the mettle of a king,-Being wrong'd, as we are, by this peevish town,-Turn thou the mouth of thy artillery, As we will ours, against these saucy walls; And when that we have dash'd them to the ground, Why then defy each other, and, pell-mell, Make work upon ourselves, for heaven or hell! KING PHILIP. Let it be so.--Say, where will you assault? KING JOHN. We from the west will send destruction Into this city's bosom.% AUSTRIA. I from the north. KING PHILIP. Our thunder from the south Shall rain their drift of bullets on this town. BASTARD. O prudent discipline! From north to south,-Austria and France shoot in each other's mouth: I'll stir them to it.[Aside.]--Come, away, away! FIRST CITIZEN. Hear us, great kings: vouchsafe awhile to stay, And I shall show you peace and fair-fac'd league; Win you this city without stroke or wound; Rescue those breathing lives to die in beds

Thesaurus breathing: (adj) animate, live, living, bravery, valor, boldness; (adj, n) unwise, unsafe, tactless. respiratory, alive, above ground; (v) saucy: (adj, n) pert; (adj) bold, pluck. breathe, respire; (n) respiration, peevish: (adj) fretful, fractious, impudent, audacious, insolent, fresh, instant, moment. ANTONYMS: (adj) morose, testy, irascible, moody, forward, impertinent, flippant, rude, brazen. ANTONYM: (adj) respectful. inanimate, breathless, dead. captious, petulant, cross, drift: (adj, n) stream; (n) current, stroke: (adj, n) blow; (n, v) touch, cantankerous, touchy. course, tendency, tone, intent; (adj, n, prudent: (adj, v) discreet; (adj) caress, mark, buffet, lick, pat; (n) beat, v) flow; (n, v) aim, blow; (v) ramble, cautious, circumspect, reasonable, hit, knock, bang. float. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar, chary, economical, careful, frugal, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) struggle, set, sink, aim, repel. deliberate, advisable, canny. mettle: (n) heart, courage, spunk, ANTONYMS: (adj) imprudent, explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, fortitude, guts, character, spirit, reckless, spendthrift, stupid, careless, fulminate.

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That here come sacrifices for the field: Persever not, but hear me, mighty kings.% KING JOHN. Speak on with favour; we are bent to hear. FIRST CITIZEN. That daughter there of Spain, the Lady Blanch, Is niece to England:--look upon the years Of Louis the Dauphin and that lovely maid: If lusty love should go in quest of beauty, Where should he find it fairer than in Blanch? If zealous love should go in search of virtue, Where should he find it purer than in Blanch? If love ambitious sought a match of birth, Whose veins bound richer blood than Lady Blanch? Such as she is, in beauty, virtue, birth, Is the young Dauphin every way complete,-If not complete of, say he is not she; And she again wants nothing, to name want, If want it be not, that she is not he: He is the half part of a blessed man, Left to be finished by such a she; And she a fair divided excellence, Whose fulness of perfection lies in him. O, two such silver currents, when they join Do glorify the banks that bound them in; And two such shores to two such streams made one, Two such controlling bounds, shall you be, kings, To these two princes, if you marry them. This union shall do more than battery can To our fast-closed gates; for at this match, With swifter spleen than powder can enforce,

Thesaurus bounds: (n) boundary, border, limit, bound, margin, borderline, end, bourn, Bourne, brink, edge. ANTONYMS: (n) center, middle. fulness: (n) fullness, entirety, completeness, totality. glorify: (n, v) exalt, dignify, adore, honor; (v) extol, bless, eulogize, commend, laud, praise, canonize. ANTONYMS: (v) profane, mock, dishonor, condemn, humiliate. niece: (n) grandniece, aunt, brother's

daughter, uncle, kinswoman. perfection: (n) maturity, ideal, consummation, paragon, completeness, finish, completion, crown, flawlessness, development, ne plus ultra. ANTONYMS: (n) imperfection, fault, abandonment, ugliness, deterioration. powder: (n, v) dust; (v) grind, crush, pound, comminute, pulverize, sprinkle, pulverise; (n) gunpowder, pollen, explosive.

quest: (n) pursuit, investigation, exploration, chase, research, inquest; (n, v) probe, hunt, inquiry, examination; (v) call for. sacrifices: (n) holocaust. shores: (n) coast, seaboard, seashore, shoreline. ANTONYM: (n) interior. spleen: (n) spite, anger, resentment, rage, lien, malice, bitterness, rancour, huff, grudge, rancor. ANTONYM: (n) affection. wants: (n) need, necessities.

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The mouth of passage shall we fling wide ope, And give you entrance; but without this match, The sea enraged is not half so deaf, Lions more confident, mountains and rocks More free from motion; no, not Death himself In mortal fury half so peremptory As we to keep this city.% BASTARD. Here's a stay That shakes the rotten carcase of old Death Out of his rags! Here's a large mouth, indeed, That spits forth death and mountains, rocks and seas; Talks as familiarly of roaring lions As maids of thirteen do of puppy-dogs! What cannoneer begot this lusty blood? He speaks plain cannon,--fire and smoke and bounce; He gives the bastinado with his tongue; Our ears are cudgell'd; not a word of his But buffets better than a fist of France. Zounds! I was never so bethump'd with words Since I first call'd my brother's father dad. ELINOR. Son, list to this conjunction, make this match; Give with our niece a dowry large enough; For by this knot thou shalt so surely tie Thy now unsur'd assurance to the crown, That yon green boy shall have no sun to ripe The bloom that promiseth a mighty fruit. I see a yielding in the looks of France; Mark how they whisper: urge them while their souls Are capable of this ambition,

Thesaurus bastinado: (n) cudgel; (v) bastinade, amalgamation; (v) joinder. ANTONYMS: (n) detachment, stick law, rap on the knuckles, switch, bang, birch, wipe, cob, comb, disconnection, division, separation. dowry: (n) dot, inheritance, gift, dress. cannoneer: (n) artilleryman, artillerist, alimony, dowery, portion, jointure, serviceman, man, matross, grant, share, endowment, heritage. enraged: (adj) angered, furious, bombardier, machine gunner. carcase: (n) body, skeleton, dead body. infuriated, irate, mad, livid, incensed, conjunction: (n) coincidence, exasperated, raging, irritated, boiling. familiarly: (adv) intimately, usually, concurrence, association, coalition, alliance, cohesion, anastomosis, ordinarily, nearly, frequently, concomitance, confluence, commonly, regularly, informally,

closely, acquaintedly, conventionally. ANTONYM: (adv) distantly. shakes: (n) hangover, jitters, nervousness, tension, anxiety. thirteen: (n) long dozen, large integer. yielding: (adj, v) flexible, pliable, supple, tractable, pliant; (adj) compliant, submissive, soft, obedient, docile; (n) submission. ANTONYMS: (adj) hard, firm, inflexible, solid, rigid, obstinate, stiff, stubborn, unyielding, rebellious.

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Lest zeal, now melted by the windy breath Of soft petitions, pity, and remorse, Cool and congeal again to what it was.% FIRST CITIZEN. Why answer not the double majesties This friendly treaty of our threaten'd town? KING PHILIP. Speak England first, that hath been forward first To speak unto this city: what say you? KING JOHN. If that the Dauphin there, thy princely son, Can in this book of beauty read 'I love,' Her dowry shall weigh equal with a queen; For Anjou, and fair Touraine, Maine, Poictiers, And all that we upon this side the sea,-Except this city now by us besieg'd,-Find liable to our crown and dignity, Shall gild her bridal bed; and make her rich In titles, honours, and promotions, As she in beauty, education, blood, Holds hand with any princess of the world. KING PHILIP. What say'st thou, boy? look in the lady's face. LOUIS. I do, my lord, and in her eye I find A wonder, or a wondrous miracle, The shadow of myself form'd in her eye; Which, being but the shadow of your son, Becomes a sun, and makes your son a shadow: I do protest I never lov'd myself Till now infixed I beheld myself

Thesaurus beheld: (adj) visual. gild: (v) embellish, ornament, beautify, bridal: (adj, v) spousal; (adj, n) decorate, begild, engild, paint, wedding; (n) nuptials, matrimony, whitewash, varnish; (n) club, fraternity. ANTONYM: (v) strip. espousal, hymen, marriage ceremony, adoption, betrothal; (v) melted: (adj) molten, fluid, liquified, hymeneal; (adj) marriage. dissolved, liquefied, baked, fluent, ANTONYM: (adj) unmarried. touched, limpid, sorry, flowing. congeal: (v) clot, coagulate, freeze, jell, windy: (adj) gusty, verbose, blowy, thicken, fix, solidify, harden; (adj, v) flatulent, wordy, breezy, concrete, consolidate; (n, v) curdle. tempestuous, empty, airy, prolix, ANTONYMS: (v) dissolve, thin, bombastic. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, liquefy, thaw, liquify. still, straight, uncommunicative,

unresponsive, airless, pleasant, direct. wondrous: (adj) marvelous, miraculous, marvellous, astonishing, tremendous, fantastic, phenomenal, extraordinary, rattling; (adv) wonderfully, marvellously. zeal: (adj, n) eagerness; (n) fervor, enthusiasm, devotion, passion, vehemence, fire, fervency, heat, fervour, ardour. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, lethargy, patience.

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King John

Drawn in the flattering table of her eye. [Whispers with BLANCH.] BASTARD. [Aside.] Drawn in the flattering table of her eye!-Hang'd in the frowning wrinkle of her brow, And quarter'd in her heart!--he doth espy Himself love's traitor! This is pity now, That, hang'd, and drawn, and quarter'd, there should be In such a love so vile a lout as he.% BLANCH. My uncle's will in this respect is mine. If he see aught in you that makes him like, That anything he sees, which moves his liking I can with ease translate it to my will; Or if you will, to speak more properly, I will enforce it easily to my love. Further, I will not flatter you, my lord, That all I see in you is worthy love, Than this,--that nothing do I see in you, Though churlish thoughts themselves should be your judge,-That I can find should merit any hate. KING JOHN. What say these young ones?--What say you, my niece? BLANCH. That she is bound in honour still to do What you in wisdom still vouchsafe to say. KING JOHN. Speak then, Prince Dauphin; can you love this lady?

Thesaurus aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, complimentary, courtly, obsequious, clown, boor, loon, rube, lump, cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; adulatory, fulsome, bland, candied, lubber, hoodlum. (adj) any. smooth, encouraging; (n) flattery. traitor: (n) betrayer, conspirator, espy: (v) discover, descry, behold, ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, critical, Judas, renegade, rat, quisling, detect, spy, spot, see, distinguish, unflattering, unattractive, wounding, deserter, cheat, collaborationist; (adj) uncomplimentary, negative; (adv) recognize, perceive, notice. insurgent, mutineer. ANTONYMS: flatter: (v) fawn, adulate, wheedle, (n) loyalist, patriot. partially. frowning: (adj) dismal, dark, gloomy, wrinkle: (n, v) crease, crinkle, fold, cajole, soap, kowtow, blandish, grovel, butter up; (n, v) court; (n) lowering, scowling, frowny, clouded; rumple, crumple, furrow, pucker; (v) caress. ANTONYMS: (v) insult, (adv) frowningly; (n) austere, ruffle; (n) gather, line; (adj, v) curl. ANTONYMS: (v) unfold, straighten; disparage, criticize, discourage. boisterous, coarse. flattering: (adj) ingratiating, lout: (adj, n) gawk, goon, klutz; (n) oaf, (n) smoothness.

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LOUIS. Nay, ask me if I can refrain from love; For I do love her most unfeignedly.% KING JOHN. Then do I give Volquessen, Touraine, Maine, Poictiers, and Anjou, these five provinces, With her to thee; and this addition more, Full thirty thousand marks of English coin.-Philip of France, if thou be pleas'd withal, Command thy son and daughter to join hands. KING PHILIP. It likes us well.--Young princes, close your hands. AUSTRIA. And your lips too; for I am well assur'd That I did so when I was first assur'd. KING PHILIP. Now, citizens of Angiers, ope your gates, Let in that amity which you have made; For at Saint Mary's chapel presently The rites of marriage shall be solemniz'd.-Is not the Lady Constance in this troop? I know she is not; for this match made up Her presence would have interrupted much: Where is she and her son? tell me, who knows. LOUIS. She is sad and passionate at your highness' tent. KING PHILIP. And, by my faith, this league that we have made Will give her sadness very little cure.-Brother of England, how may we content

Thesaurus amity: (n) friendship, concord, fervent, fierce, animated, earnest; (adj, adv) fiery. ANTONYMS: (adj) companionship, benevolence, peace, harmony, friendliness, brotherhood, indifferent, mild, passionless, fellowship, sympathy, camaraderie. unenthusiastic, cold, calm, ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, discord, halfhearted, cool, lukewarm, weak, antagonism, war, animosity. uninterested. highness: (n) excellency, altitude, refrain: (v) desist, cease, fast, avoid, leave off, withhold, stop, spare; (adj, loftiness, nobility, greatness, v) forbear; (n) chorus, hold. eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, ANTONYMS: (v) participate, act, high, grandeur. passionate: (adj, v) ardent, impetuous; consume, persist. (adj) hot, excited, burning, angry, rites: (n) money, finances, wake,

religion. sadness: (n, v) melancholy, despondency; (adj, n) grief, distress; (n) misery, sorrow, desolation, regret, gloom, mourning, affliction. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, amusement, cheerfulness, laughter, contentment, comfort, cheer, hopefulness. tent: (n) awning, marquee, pavilion, canopy, collapsible shelter, tabernacle, attention, pack tent, parasol, pop tent; (n, v) camp.

42

King John

This widow lady? In her right we came; Which we, God knows, have turn'd another way, To our own vantage.% KING JOHN. We will heal up all; For we'll create young Arthur Duke of Bretagne, And Earl of Richmond; and this rich fair town We make him lord of.--Call the Lady Constance: Some speedy messenger bid her repair To our solemnity:--I trust we shall, If not fill up the measure of her will, Yet in some measure satisfy her so That we shall stop her exclamation. Go we, as well as haste will suffer us, To this unlook'd-for, unprepared pomp. [Exeunt all but the BASTARD. The CITIZENS retire from the Walls.] BASTARD. Mad world! mad kings! mad composition! John, to stop Arthur's title in the whole, Hath willingly departed with a part; And France,--whose armour conscience buckled on, Whom zeal and charity brought to the field As God's own soldier,--rounded in the ear With that same purpose-changer, that sly devil; That broker, that still breaks the pate of faith; That daily break-vow, he that wins of all, Of kings, of beggars, old men, young men, maids,-Who having no external thing to lose But the word maid, cheats the poor maid of that; That smooth-fac'd gentleman, tickling commodity,-Commodity, the bias of the world;

Thesaurus buckled: (v) wreathy, frizzly, crepe; (adj) warped, misshapen, malformed, distorted, askew, deformed. departed: (adj) dead, bygone, late, former, bypast, defunct, past, left; (adj, v) gone, extinct; (n) decedent. ANTONYMS: (adj) remaining, alive. messenger: (n, v) herald; (n) harbinger, runner, emissary, bearer, ambassador, precursor, courier, carrier, apostle, errand. pate: (n) crown, noddle, nob, crest,

chief, poll, cerebrum, brainpan, cranium, scull, upper story. pomp: (n) grandeur, parade, ostentation, show, ceremony, glory, luxury, pageantry, magnificence, state, splendor. ANTONYMS: (n) understatement, modesty. tickling: (adj) sexually arousing, titillative, titillating, tingling, stinging, prickling, exciting, erotic; (n) titillation. unprepared: (adj) impromptu,

extemporaneous, raw, unrehearsed, unready, extemporary, crude, improvised, unwary, surprised, weak. ANTONYMS: (adj) prepared, ready, attentive. willingly: (adv) readily, voluntarily, cheerfully, spontaneously, helpfully, disposedly, actively, openly, obligingly, eagerly; (adj, adv) freely. ANTONYMS: (adv) grudgingly, reluctantly, uncooperatively, unenthusiastically.

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The %world, who of itself is peised well, Made to run even upon even ground, Till this advantage, this vile-drawing bias, This sway of motion, this commodity, Makes it take head from all indifferency, From all direction, purpose, course, intent: And this same bias, this commodity, This bawd, this broker, this all-changing word, Clapp'd on the outward eye of fickle France, Hath drawn him from his own determin'd aid, From a resolv'd and honourable war, To a most base and vile-concluded peace.-And why rail I on this commodity? But for because he hath not woo'd me yet: Not that I have the power to clutch my hand When his fair angels would salute my palm; But for my hand, as unattempted yet, Like a poor beggar, raileth on the rich. Well, whiles I am a beggar, I will rail, And say, There is no sin but to be rich; And being rich, my virtue then shall be, To say, There is no vice but beggary: Since kings break faith upon commodity, Gain, be my lord!--for I will worship thee. [Exit.]

Thesaurus bawd: (n) prostitute, fancy woman, hold, clinch, gripe; (v) grab, grapple, embrace; (adj, v) catch. ANTONYMS: whore, cocotte, trollop, hooker, tart, (n) loose; (v) release, unfasten. streetwalker, harlot, woman, pimp. beggar: (n) mendicant, mumper, fickle: (adj, v) erratic, skittish; (adj) pauper, tramp, sponger, joker, poor volatile, capricious, mercurial, man, cadger, bloke; (v) beg, mobile, variable, inconsistent, pauperize. ANTONYM: (n) giver. shifting, giddy, inconstant. broker: (n) mediator, go-between, ANTONYMS: (adj) untiring, stable, agent, middleman, factor, dealer, unchanging, consistent, constant, attorney, stockbroker, intermediary, dependable, predictable, placid, merchant, bailiff. loyal, faithful. clutch: (n, v) clasp, grip, clench, grasp, rail: (n) balustrade, handrail, railing,

fence, banister, track, guardrail, path; (v) inveigh, vituperate, fulminate. salute: (v) greet, hail, kiss, accost, acknowledge, buss; (n) salutation, bow, salaam; (n, v) address, compliment. sway: (n, v) command, rule, control, rock, stagger, roll; (v) oscillate, reel, lurch, shake; (n) reign. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, dissuade, discourage. unattempted: (adj) unsought. whiles: (n) while.

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ACT III

SCENE I. FRANCE. THE FRENCH KING'S TENT.% [Enter CONSTANCE, ARTHUR, and SALISBURY.] CONSTANCE. Gone to be married! gone to swear a peace! False blood to false blood join'd! gone to be friends! Shall Louis have Blanch? and Blanch those provinces? It is not so; thou hast misspoke, misheard; Be well advis'd, tell o'er thy tale again: It cannot be; thou dost but say 'tis so; I trust I may not trust thee; for thy word Is but the vain breath of a common man: Believe me, I do not believe thee, man; I have a king's oath to the contrary. Thou shalt be punish'd for thus frighting me, For I am sick and capable of fears; Oppress'd with wrongs, and therefore full of fears; A widow, husbandless, subject to fears; A woman, naturally born to fears;

Thesaurus false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) sick: (adj) ill, queasy, poorly, ailing, ineffectual, unproductive, counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, weary, diseased, sickly, morbid; (adj, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. v) indisposed, unwell; (adj, n) invalid. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, dishonest, erroneous, sham, ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy, fond, assumed, artificial, fictitious, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, wholesome. humble, useful, responsible, swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, worthwhile, effective. affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, widow: (n) woman, relict, widower, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal. avow, depone, depose, aver. adult female, widow woman, war oath: (n) expletive, malediction, ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, widow, nobbled line; (adj) widowed, additional; (v) leave behind. imprecation, promise, affidavit, cuss, deny, compliment. vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, swearing, pledge, assurance, asseveration; (v) swear. fruitless, idle, empty, abortive,

46

King John

And though thou now confess thou didst but jest, With my vex'd spirits I cannot take a truce, But they will quake and tremble all this day. What dost thou mean by shaking of thy head? Why dost thou look so sadly on my son? What means that hand upon that breast of thine? Why holds thine eye that lamentable rheum, Like a proud river peering o'er his bounds? Be these sad signs confirmers of thy words? Then speak again,--not all thy former tale, But this one word, whether thy tale be true.% SALISBURY. As true as I believe you think them false That give you cause to prove my saying true. CONSTANCE. O, if thou teach me to believe this sorrow, Teach thou this sorrow how to make me die; And let belief and life encounter so As doth the fury of two desperate men, Which in the very meeting fall and die!-Louis marry Blanch! O boy, then where art thou? France friend with England! what becomes of me?-Fellow, be gone: I cannot brook thy sight; This news hath made thee a most ugly man. SALISBURY. What other harm have I, good lady, done, But spoke the harm that is by others done? CONSTANCE. Which harm within itself so heinous is, As it makes harmful all that speak of it.

Thesaurus breast: (n) boob, udder, tit, titty, chest, knocker, mammilla, bust, pap, heart; (n, v) front. brook: (v) endure, abide, stomach, stand, tolerate, digest, suffer, support, undergo; (n, v) creek; (n) stream. ANTONYMS: (v) spurn, resist, reject, prohibit. confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide,

dispute, conceal, repress, harbor. heinous: (adj) atrocious, grievous, evil, wicked, flagrant, flagitious, monstrous, hateful; (adj, v) gross, nefarious, infamous. ANTONYM: (adj) good. lamentable: (adj) grievous, pitiful, distressing, sad, dismal, sorrowful, piteous, unfortunate, lugubrious; (adj, v) pitiable, mournful. ANTONYMS: (adj) laudable, fortunate. peering: (adj) nosy, prying, snoopy.

quake: (n) earthquake; (n, v) tremor, tremble, shudder, shake; (adj, n, v) shiver; (v) quail, flutter, flicker, vibrate, fluctuate. sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, happiness, peace, hopefulness, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice.

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ARTHUR. I do beseech you, madam, be content.% CONSTANCE. If thou, that bid'st me be content, wert grim, Ugly, and slanderous to thy mother's womb, Full of unpleasing blots and sightless stains, Lame, foolish, crooked, swart, prodigious, Patch'd with foul moles and eye-offending marks, I would not care, I then would be content; For then I should not love thee; no, nor thou Become thy great birth, nor deserve a crown. But thou art fair; and at thy birth, dear boy, Nature and fortune join'd to make thee great: Of nature's gifts thou mayst with lilies boast, And with the half-blown rose; but Fortune, O! She is corrupted, chang'd, and won from thee; She adulterates hourly with thine uncle John; And with her golden hand hath pluck'd on France To tread down fair respect of sovereignty, And made his majesty the bawd to theirs. France is a bawd to Fortune and king John-That strumpet Fortune, that usurping John!-Tell me, thou fellow, is not France forsworn? Envenom him with words; or get thee gone, And leave those woes alone, which I alone Am bound to under-bear. SALISBURY. Pardon me, madam, I may not go without you to the kings. CONSTANCE. Thou mayst, thou shalt; I will not go with thee:

Thesaurus corrupted: (adj) tainted, rotten, family Talpidae, Lipotyphla. hussy, slut, adulteress, wench, sightless: (adj) blind, viewless, spoiled, degraded, adulterated, whore, loose woman, advoutress, depraved, distorted, decayed, unseeing, invisible, unsighted, fornicatress. impaired, debased; (n) corrupter. swart: (adj) pitchy, swarthy, dark, visionless, lacking sight, seemless, ANTONYM: (adj) pure. blinder. fuliginous, black, murky, sooty, hourly: (adv) always, by the hour, slanderous: (adj) defamatory, libelous, malignant, inky, gloomy; (n) daily, often, constantly, continually, scandalous, calumniatory, brunette. frequently; (adj) horary, continual, unpleasing: (adj) displeasing, calumnious, abusive, injurious, ephemeral; (n) an hour. derogatory, libellous, denigrative, graceless, ungracious, unpleasant, lilies: (n) lily. insulting. ANTONYM: (adj) disagreeable, wicked, not grateful, moles: (n) suborder Lipotyphla, order complimentary. offensive, perturbed, restless, stiff. strumpet: (n) courtesan, punk, harlot, Insectivora, Talpidae, hedgehogs,

48

King John

I will instruct my sorrows to be proud; For grief is proud, and makes his owner stout. To me, and to the state of my great grief, Let kings assemble; for my grief's so great That no supporter but the huge firm earth Can hold it up: here I and sorrows sit; Here is my throne, bid kings come bow to it. [Seats herself on the ground.] [Enter KING JOHN, KING PHILIP, LOUIS, BLANCH, ELINOR, BASTARD, AUSTRIA, and ATTENDANTS.] KING PHILIP. 'Tis true, fair daughter; and this blessed day Ever in France shall be kept festival: To solemnize this day the glorious sun Stays in his course and plays the alchemist, Turning, with splendour of his precious eye, The meagre cloddy earth to glittering gold: The yearly course that brings this day about Shall never see it but a holiday.% CONSTANCE. [Rising.] A wicked day, and not a holy day! What hath this day deserv'd? what hath it done That it in golden letters should be set Among the high tides in the calendar? Nay, rather turn this day out of the week, This day of shame, oppression, perjury: Or, if it must stand still, let wives with child Pray that their burdens may not fall this day, Lest that their hopes prodigiously be cross'd: But on this day let seamen fear no wreck;

Thesaurus assemble: (v) accumulate, aggregate, instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, solemnization, preside. splendour: (n) pomp, magnificence, meet, gather, convene, call, set up, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, collect, group, make, get together. inform, command, indoctrinate, lustre, splendor, luster, brilliancy, ANTONYMS: (v) dismantle, disband, tutor. resplendence, luxury, grandeur, prodigiously: (adv) astonishingly, disassemble, scatter, part, separate, grandness, brilliance. throne: (v) enthrone; (n) can, stool, disintegrate, disconnect, dismiss, enormously, immensely, vastly, distribute, demobilize. marvelously, exceptionally, place, fecal matter, potty, chair, glittering: (adj, v) brilliant; (adj) colossally, largely, wonderfully, cathedra, lavatory, crapper, pot. yearly: (adv) annually, each year, sparkling, flashing, dazzling, hugely, tremendously. solemnize: (v) keep, commemorate, glistering, glistening, glinting, every year, per annum, per year, by shining, scintillating, splendid; (adj, observe, hold, solemnise, manage, do year; (adj) perennial, anniversary, adv) aglitter. periodic, annual tickets; (n) a year. honor to, celebrate keep, signalize,

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No %bargains break that are not this day made: This day, all things begun come to ill end,-Yea, faith itself to hollow falsehood change! KING PHILIP. By heaven, lady, you shall have no cause To curse the fair proceedings of this day. Have I not pawn'd to you my majesty? CONSTANCE. You have beguil'd me with a counterfeit Resembling majesty; which, being touch'd and tried, Proves valueless; you are forsworn, forsworn: You came in arms to spill mine enemies' blood, But now in arms you strengthen it with yours: The grappling vigour and rough frown of war Is cold in amity and painted peace, And our oppression hath made up this league.-Arm, arm, you heavens, against these perjur'd kings! A widow cries: be husband to me, heavens! Let not the hours of this ungodly day Wear out the day in peace; but, ere sunset, Set armed discord 'twixt these perjur'd kings! Hear me, O, hear me! AUSTRIA. Lady Constance, peace! CONSTANCE. War! war! no peace! peace is to me a war. O Lymoges! O Austria! thou dost shame That bloody spoil: thou slave, thou wretch, thou coward! Thou little valiant, great in villainy! Thou ever strong upon the stronger side! Thou Fortune's champion that dost never fight

Thesaurus falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, honesty, reality. forsworn: (adj) perjured, untrue. grappling: (n) wrestling, braving, coping with, facing, face, confronting, grappler, try, grapplement, struggle, attempt. spill: (n, v) overflow, fall, drop, flow, stream; (v) shed, empty, upset, pour,

valueless: (adj) useless, futile, slop, cast. ungodly: (adj) sinful, irreligious, insignificant, meaningless, null, iniquitous, wicked, profane, godless, unvalued, trifling, of no value, blasphemous; (adj, adv) unholy; (adv) rubbish, priceless, refuse. ANTONYM: (adj) valuable. wickedly, impiously, sinfully. ANTONYMS: (adj) pious, reasonable, vigour: (n) force, strength, vigor, sensible, moral, devout, reverent. energy, power, potency, vim, vitality, valiant: (adj) brave, courageous, athleticism, verve, intensity. intrepid, fearless, heroic, audacious, wretch: (n) victim, villain, scoundrel, gallant, daring, dauntless, stout, reprobate, reptile, miscreant, martyr, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, object of compassion, poor devil, despicable. prey, wreak.

50

King John

But when her humorous ladyship is by To teach thee safety!--thou art perjur'd too, And sooth'st up greatness. What a fool art thou, A ramping fool, to brag, and stamp. and swear Upon my party! Thou cold-blooded slave, Hast thou not spoke like thunder on my side? Been sworn my soldier? bidding me depend Upon thy stars, thy fortune, and thy strength? And dost thou now fall over to my foes? Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame, And hang a calf's-skin on those recreant limbs! AUSTRIA. O that a man should speak those words to me! BASTARD. And hang a calf's-skin on those recreant limbs.% AUSTRIA. Thou dar'st not say so, villain, for thy life. BASTARD. And hang a calf's-skin on those recreant limbs. KING JOHN. We like not this: thou dost forget thyself. KING PHILIP. Here comes the holy legate of the Pope. [Enter PANDULPH.] PANDULPH. Hail, you anointed deputies of heaven!-To thee, King John, my holy errand is. I Pandulph, of fair Milan cardinal, And from Pope Innocent the legate here, Do in his name religiously demand

Thesaurus anointed: (adj) hallowed, divine, greasy; (v) anoint. brag: (n, v) bluster, vaunt, crow; (v) pride, gasconade, blow, show off, rodomontade; (n) boasting, bragging; (adj) great. cold-blooded: (adj) emotionless, hardhearted, unfeeling, inhuman, callous, cruel, stony, heartless, ruthless, unsympathetic, savage. doff: (v) remove, divest, undress, disrobe, shed, uncase, unclothe,

dismount, discase, do, deduct. furious, exuberant, climbing, errand: (n) chore, mission, job, task, ascending. assignment, embassy, duty, charge, recreant: (adj, n) coward, renegade, poltroon; (adj, adv) cowardly; (n) messenger, communication, work. greatness: (n) excellence, dimension, apostate, deserter; (adj) disloyal, dignity, bulk, size, enormousness, faithless, scary, fearful, dastard. religiously: (adv) conscientiously, bigness, enormity, grandness, magnitude, fame. ANTONYMS: (n) spiritually, devoutly, reverently, obscurity, austerity, commonness, sacredly, holy, Godly, scrupulously, mildness, moderation, simplicity. devotedly, morally, devotionally. ladyship: (n) madam. stars: (n) heavenly bodies, fate. ramping: (v) raging, rampant, leaping,

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Why thou against the church, our holy mother, So wilfully dost spurn; and, force perforce Keep Stephen Langton, chosen Archbishop Of Canterbury, from that holy see? This, in our foresaid holy father's name, Pope Innocent, I do demand of thee.% KING JOHN. What earthly name to interrogatories Can task the free breath of a sacred king? Thou canst not, cardinal, devise a name So slight, unworthy, and ridiculous, To charge me to an answer, as the pope. Tell him this tale; and from the mouth of England Add thus much more,--that no Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions: But as we under heaven are supreme head, So, under him, that great supremacy, Where we do reign, we will alone uphold, Without the assistance of a mortal hand: So tell the pope, all reverence set apart To him and his usurp'd authority. KING PHILIP. Brother of England, you blaspheme in this. KING JOHN. Though you and all the kings of Christendom Are led so grossly by this meddling priest, Dreading the curse that money may buy out; And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust, Purchase corrupted pardon of a man, Who in that sale sells pardon from himself; Though you and all the rest, so grossly led,

Thesaurus blaspheme: (adj, v) desecrate, profane; prying. (v) swear, defile, damn, cuss, spurn: (v) scorn, rebuff, repulse, imprecate, utter, violate; (adj) be disdain, reject, refuse, snub, kick, impious, scoff. ANTONYM: (v) decline, deny; (n, v) slight. ANTONYMS: (v) admire, court, consecrate. dross: (n) trash, rubbish, scoria, refuse, respect. slag, waste, impurity, dregs, garbage, tithe: (adj, n) tenth; (n) gavel, excise, offal, cinder. custom, assessment, octroi, meddling: (adj) busy, inquisitive, benevolence, tithing, disme; (n, v) tax; (adj) decimal. curious, meddlesome, intrusive, unworthy: (adj) undeserving, base, officious, nosy, dabbling, impertinent, busybodied; (adj, n) disgraceful, ignoble, low,

contemptible, despicable, ugly, unmerited, unseemly, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserving, valuable, honorable, estimable, reputable. wilfully: (adv) willfully, designedly, deliberately, knowingly, frowardly, headstrongly, consciously, stubbornly, purposefully, persistently, on purpose.

52

King John

This juggling witchcraft with revenue cherish; Yet I, alone, alone do me oppose Against the pope, and count his friends my foes.% PANDULPH. Then by the lawful power that I have, Thou shalt stand curs'd and excommunicate: And blessed shall he be that doth revolt From his allegiance to an heretic; And meritorious shall that hand be call'd, Canonized, and worshipp'd as a saint, That takes away by any secret course Thy hateful life. CONSTANCE. O, lawful let it be That I have room with Rome to curse awhile! Good father Cardinal, cry thou amen To my keen curses: for without my wrong There is no tongue hath power to curse him right. PANDULPH. There's law and warrant, lady, for my curse. CONSTANCE. And for mine too: when law can do no right, Let it be lawful that law bar no wrong: Law cannot give my child his kingdom here; For he that holds his kingdom holds the law: Therefore, since law itself is perfect wrong, How can the law forbid my tongue to curse? PANDULPH. Philip of France, on peril of a curse, Let go the hand of that arch-heretic,

Thesaurus curses: (n) abuse. juggling: (n) jugglery, performance, forbid: (v) prohibit, ban, disallow, bar, rearrangement, prestidigitation, obstruct, exclude, deny, avert, deception, cheating, legerdemain, hocus-pocus; (adj) prestigious, frustrate, to prohibit, enjoin. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, let, approve, prestigiatory. meritorious: (adj) commendable, authorize, stand. hateful: (adj) disgusting, execrable, laudable, deserving, estimable, nasty, abominable, hideous, creditable, worthy, admirable, despicable, repulsive, distasteful, excellent, praiseworthy, desertful, foul; (adj, v) odious, obnoxious. meritable. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, kind, discreditable, worthless. peril: (n, v) hazard, risk, endanger, nice, benign, desirable.

menace, adventure; (n) danger, jeopardy, chance; (v) imperil, expose, compromise. ANTONYM: (n) security. pope: (n) Holy Father, priest, Vicar of Christ, cardinal, high priest, ruffe, papa, Gregory; (adj) church, gospel, Gregorian. witchcraft: (n) incantation, sorcery, witchery, enchantment, spell, black magic, necromancy, fascination, charm, black art, glamour.

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And raise the power of France upon his head, Unless he do submit himself to Rome.% ELINOR. Look'st thou pale, France; do not let go thy hand. CONSTANCE Look to that, devil; lest that France repent And, by disjoining hands, hell lose a soul. AUSTRIA. King Philip, listen to the cardinal. BASTARD. And hang a calf's-skin on his recreant limbs. AUSTRIA. Well, ruffian, I must pocket up these wrongs, Because-BASTARD. Your breeches best may carry them. KING JOHN. Philip, what say'st thou to the cardinal? CONSTANCE. What should he say, but as the cardinal? LOUIS. Bethink you, father; for the difference Is, purchase of a heavy curse from Rome, Or the light loss of England for a friend: Forgo the easier. BLANCH. That's the curse of Rome.

Thesaurus breeches: (n) knickers, inexpressibles, hang: (adj, n, v) suspend; (v) dangle, hole, hollow; (adj) digest. ANTONYM: (v) return. knickerbockers, brogues, short, depend, drape, float, fall, hover, smalls, overalls, small clothes, pants, append, string up; (n, v) delay; (adj) ruffian: (n) rowdy, rascal, hooligan, trousers, pantaloons. hung. bully, brute, hoodlum, tough, curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, miscreant, villain, rogue, roughneck. bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) submit: (v) comply, obey, acquiesce, anathema, blasphemy, malediction, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) boundary, confine; (v) blanch. give in, present, hand in, put ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, swear, ban, damn, vituperate. forward, hand over, propose, give; ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, (n, v) resign. ANTONYMS: (v) resist, benediction, making; (v) clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken. persevere, defy, overpower, face, pocket: (v) take, appropriate, steal, lift, disobey, conquer. communicate. disjoining: (adj) disjunctive. catch; (n, v) sack, pouch; (n) cavity,

54

King John

CONSTANCE. O Louis, stand fast! The devil tempts thee here In likeness of a new uptrimmed bride.% BLANCH. The Lady Constance speaks not from her faith, But from her need. CONSTANCE. O, if thou grant my need, Which only lives but by the death of faith, That need must needs infer this principle,-That faith would live again by death of need! O then, tread down my need, and faith mounts up; Keep my need up, and faith is trodden down! KING JOHN. The king is mov'd, and answers not to this. CONSTANCE. O be remov'd from him, and answer well! AUSTRIA. Do so, King Philip; hang no more in doubt. BASTARD. Hang nothing but a calf's-skin, most sweet lout. KING PHILIP. I am perplex'd, and know not what to say. PANDULPH. What canst thou say, but will perplex thee more, If thou stand excommunicate and curs'd? KING PHILIP. Good reverend father, make my person yours, And tell me how you would bestow yourself. This royal hand and mine are newly knit,

Thesaurus answers: (n) replies; (adj) answering. infer: (v) deduce, guess, derive, bestow: (v) give, confer, grant, impart, conclude, construe, imagine, conjecture, gather, deduct; (adj, v) contribute, donate, apply, award; (adj, v) accord, allow, present. understand, imply. ANTONYMS: (v) deprive, refuse, likeness: (n) resemblance, copy, effigy, withhold, retrieve, withdraw. image, affinity, similarity, excommunicate: (v) curse, exclude, correspondence, facsimile; (adj, n) damn, proscribe, denounce, banish, figure, form, semblance. fulminate, thunder against; (adj) ANTONYMS: (n) difference, blackball, exile, expatriate. diversity, dissimilarity, unlikeness, ANTONYMS: (v) allow, include, contrast. mounts: (adj) mounted. welcome.

perplex: (adj, v) confuse, puzzle; (v) amaze, mystify, astonish, nonplus, complicate, confound, disconcert, bother, get. ANTONYMS: (v) simplify, clarify, enlighten, placate, explain. tread: (n, v) pace, walk, rate, march, tramp; (n) gait, stride, footstep, footfall, track; (v) trample. trodden: (adj) trampled, damaged, beaten, compressed, packed down. ANTONYM: (adj) loose.

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And %the conjunction of our inward souls Married in league, coupled and link'd together With all religious strength of sacred vows; The latest breath that gave the sound of words Was deep-sworn faith, peace, amity, true love, Between our kingdoms and our royal selves; And even before this truce, but new before,-No longer than we well could wash our hands, To clap this royal bargain up of peace,-Heaven knows, they were besmear'd and overstain'd With slaughter's pencil, where revenge did paint The fearful difference of incensed kings: And shall these hands, so lately purg'd of blood, So newly join'd in love, so strong in both, Unyoke this seizure and this kind regreet? Play fast and loose with faith? so jest with heaven, Make such unconstant children of ourselves, As now again to snatch our palm from palm; Unswear faith sworn; and on the marriage-bed Of smiling peace to march a bloody host, And make a riot on the gentle brow Of true sincerity? O, holy sir. My reverend father, let it not be so! Out of your grace, devise, ordain, impose, Some gentle order; and then we shall be bless'd To do your pleasure, and continue friends. PANDULPH. All form is formless, order orderless, Save what is opposite to England's love. Therefore, to arms! be champion of our church, Or let the church, our mother, breathe her curse,-A mother's curse,--on her revolting son.

Thesaurus clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; incensed: (adj) angry, exasperated, revolting: (adj) offensive, loathsome, (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, enraged, indignant, irate, infuriated, nasty, foul, detestable, nauseating, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. irritated, mad, livid, angered, nauseous, horrible, hideous, ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer. aggravated. ANTONYM: (adj) repellent; (adj, v) sickening. devise: (v) contrive, conceive, invent, ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, pleased. plan, create, concoct, design, arrange, jest: (n) gag, gibe, quip, game; (n, v) pleasant, tasty, delicious, edible, jape; (v) banter, jeer, deride, gird, frame, formulate, excogitate. lovable, delightful, appealing, lovely. formless: (adj) shapeless, unformed, snatch: (n, v) pinch, snap, catch, grip; sneer, clown. ordain: (n, v) decree, command, order, (v) abduct, clutch, kidnap, seize, jerk, indistinct, unstructured, unbodied, direct; (adj, v) enact, establish, capture, pluck. ANTONYM: (v) nebulous, vague, indistinguishable, soft, fuzzy, rude. ANTONYMS: (adj) institute; (v) dictate, appoint, release. organized, clear, distinct. consecrate, nominate.

56

King John

France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, A chafed lion by the mortal paw, A fasting tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold.% KING PHILIP. I may disjoin my hand, but not my faith. PANDULPH. So mak'st thou faith an enemy to faith; And, like a civil war, sett'st oath to oath, Thy tongue against thy tongue. O, let thy vow First made to heaven, first be to heaven perform'd,-That is, to be the champion of our church. What since thou swor'st is sworn against thyself And may not be performed by thyself: For that which thou hast sworn to do amiss Is not amiss when it is truly done; And being not done, where doing tends to ill, The truth is then most done not doing it: The better act of purposes mistook Is to mistake again; though indirect, Yet indirection thereby grows direct, And falsehood falsehood cures, as fire cools fire Within the scorched veins of one new-burn'd. It is religion that doth make vows kept; But thou hast sworn against religion, By what thou swear'st against the thing thou swear'st; And mak'st an oath the surety for thy truth Against an oath: the truth thou art unsure To swear, swears only not to be forsworn; Else what a mockery should it be to swear! But thou dost swear only to be forsworn;

Thesaurus chafed: (adj) uncomfortable, sore, indirection: (n) deception, procedure, painful, galled, angry; (v) fretted, process, cozenage, swindle, fiddle, agitated. indirectness, dissimulation, disjoin: (v) detach, disconnect, sever, dissembling. divide, dissociate, uncouple, unyoke, mockery: (n) gibe, jeer, irony, farce, disjoint, separate, divorce, disunite. charade, derision, parody, mock, ANTONYM: (v) join. scorn, imitation, burlesque. fasting: (n) abstinence, white sheet, ANTONYM: (n) approval. scorched: (adj) baked, adust, burnt, shrift, sackcloth and ashes, maceration, lustration, flagellation, dry, seared, burned, charred, torrid, watching one's weight, hunger strike, dried out, destroyed, drier. penance; (v) calorie counting. ANTONYMS: (adj) wet, humid.

serpent: (n) snake, ophidian, viper, snake in the grass, reptile, rattlesnake, colubrid, contrafagotto, cor anglais, hautboy; (v) goose. surety: (n) collateral, pledge, hostage, guarantee, earnest, guaranty, guarantor, certainty, assurance, sponsor, bail. swears: (n) swearing. tiger: (adj) fury, dragon, demon; (n) hostler, cat, jockey, ostler, big cat, endangered, Alecto, monster.

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And most forsworn, to keep what thou dost swear. Therefore thy latter vows against thy first Is in thyself rebellion to thyself; And better conquest never canst thou make Than arm thy constant and thy nobler parts Against these giddy loose suggestions: Upon which better part our prayers come in, If thou vouchsafe them; but if not, then know The peril of our curses fight on thee, So heavy as thou shalt not shake them off, But in despair die under the black weight.% AUSTRIA. Rebellion, flat rebellion! BASTARD. Will't not be? Will not a calf's-skin stop that mouth of thine? LOUIS. Father, to arms! BLANCH. Upon thy wedding-day? Against the blood that thou hast married? What, shall our feast be kept with slaughter'd men? Shall braying trumpets and loud churlish drums,-Clamours of hell,--be measures to our pomp? O husband, hear me!--ay, alack, how new Is husband in my mouth!--even for that name, Which till this time my tongue did ne'er pronounce, Upon my knee I beg, go not to arms Against mine uncle. CONSTANCE. O, upon my knee,

Thesaurus braying: (adj) raucous, loud, harsh, sorrow. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, capricious; (adv) careless. ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, dull. shrill, discordant, clamorous, hopefulness, expectation, joy, cheer, rebellion: (n) revolt, insurrection, vociferous. cheerfulness, resilience, elation, conquest: (n) defeat, triumph, joyfulness. mutiny, disobedience, uprising, conquering, achievement, reduction, feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) unrest, revolution, outbreak, coup, rout, overthrow, subjection, entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, defiance, insurgency, commotion. mastery, success. ANTONYMS: (n) celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) ANTONYMS: (n) consent, feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, failure, defeat, loss, victory. compliance. despair: (n) disappointment, starve; (n) snack. shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, giddy: (adj, v) flighty; (adj) dizzy, faint, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, desolation, dejection, melancholy, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. gloom, desperation, depression, silly, changeable, vertiginous, ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady. dismay, discouragement, pessimism, featherbrained, light, fickle,

58

King John

Made hard with kneeling, I do pray to thee, Thou virtuous Dauphin, alter not the doom Forethought by heaven.% BLANCH. Now shall I see thy love: what motive may Be stronger with thee than the name of wife? CONSTANCE. That which upholdeth him that thee upholds, His honour:--O, thine honour, Louis, thine honour! LOUIS. I muse your majesty doth seem so cold, When such profound respects do pull you on. PANDULPH. I will denounce a curse upon his head. KING PHILIP. Thou shalt not need.--England, I will fall from thee. CONSTANCE. O fair return of banish'd majesty! ELINOR. O foul revolt of French inconstancy! KING JOHN. France, thou shalt rue this hour within this hour. BASTARD. Old Time the clock-setter, that bald sexton Time, Is it as he will? well, then, France shall rue. BLANCH. The sun's o'ercast with blood: fair day, adieu! Which is the side that I must go withal? I am with both: each army hath a hand;

Thesaurus bald: (adj) hairless, simple, austere, meager, raw, barefaced, stark, plain, nude, naked; (adj, v) threadbare. ANTONYMS: (adj) ornate, furry, hirsute, woolly, embellished, adorned, decorated. denounce: (v) censure, decry, accuse, brand, criticize, damn, reproach, excoriate, betray, arraign, scold. ANTONYMS: (v) commend, compliment, honor, laud, approve, support.

inconstancy: (n) fickleness, flightiness, ruminate, speculate, think, mull. ANTONYM: (v) wander. uncertainty, falseness, infidelity, sexton: (n) beadle, verger, almoner, changeableness, changefulness, variability, disloyalty, caprice; (adj, n) Anne sexton, Suisse, gravedigger, mutability. ANTONYMS: (n) church officer, caretaker. virtuous: (adj) upright, pure, constancy, fidelity. kneeling: (n) homage, kowtow, righteous, good, moral, just, kneelingly, prostration, genuflexion, honorable, honest, respectable, decent, pious. ANTONYMS: (adj) genuflection, curtsy, courtesy, obeisance. bad, sinful, corrupt, impure, muse: (v) meditate, ponder, deliberate, unethical, decadent, degenerate, consider, cogitate, reflect, brood, irreverent.

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And in their rage, I having hold of both, They whirl asunder and dismember me. Husband, I cannot pray that thou mayst win; Uncle, I needs must pray that thou mayst lose; Father, I may not wish the fortune thine; Grandam, I will not wish thy wishes thrive: Whoever wins, on that side shall I lose; Assured loss before the match be play'd.% LOUIS. Lady, with me: with me thy fortune lies. BLANCH. There where my fortune lives, there my life dies. KING JOHN. Cousin, go draw our puissance together.-[Exit BASTARD.] France, I am burn'd up with inflaming wrath; A rage whose heat hath this condition, That nothing can allay, nothing but blood,-The blood, and dearest-valu'd blood of France. KING PHILIP. Thy rage shall burn thee up, and thou shalt turn To ashes, ere our blood shall quench that fire: Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. KING JOHN. No more than he that threats.--To arms let's hie! [Exeunt severally.]

SCENE II. THE SAME. PLAINS NEAR ANGIERS

Thesaurus allay: (n, v) ease; (adj, v) still, quell, lay, disintegrate, dissect, mutilate, appease, quiet; (v) abate, mitigate, quarter, take apart, disband, moderate, quench, alleviate. dislocate, kill, amputate, disassemble. ANTONYMS: (v) arouse, excite, ANTONYMS: (v) mend, rehabilitate, heighten, intensify, magnify, join, heal, restore. provoke, stir, exacerbate, aggravate. inflaming: (adj) burning, consuming, asunder: (adj, v) separate; (adv) aside, inflammatory, excessively hot, in two; (adj, adv) in Twain; (adj) loose, exciting, fiery; (n) arousal. distant, adrift, aloof; (v) discrete, far jeopardy: (n) hazard, peril, chance, between, free. ANTONYM: (adv) precariousness, insecurity, exposure, threat, venture, adventure; (n, v) risk, together. dismember: (v) dismantle, menace. ANTONYM: (n) security.

puissance: (n) power, might, potency, vigor, energy, strength, vigour, authority, brawniness, lustiness, hardness. quench: (adj, v) extinguish, allay, slake; (v) appease, quash, put out, destroy, assuage, annihilate, calm, chill. ANTONYMS: (v) stimulate, light. whirl: (n, v) spin, turn, eddy, roll, wheel, twist, swirl; (v) reel, gyrate; (n) go, fling.

60

King John

[Alarums. Excursions. Enter the BASTARD with AUSTRIA'S head.] BASTARD. Now, by my life, this day grows wondrous hot; Some airy devil hovers in the sky And pours down mischief.--Austria's head lie there, While Philip breathes.% [Enter KING JOHN, ARTHUR, and HUBERT.] KING JOHN. Hubert, keep this boy.--Philip, make up: My mother is assailed in our tent, And ta'en, I fear. BASTARD. My lord, I rescu'd her; Her highness is in safety, fear you not: But on, my liege; for very little pains Will bring this labour to an happy end. [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. [Alarums, Excursions, Retreat. Enter KING JOHN, ELINOR, ARTHUR, the BASTARD, HUBERT, and LORDS.] KING JOHN. [To ELINOR] So shall it be; your grace shall stay behind, So strongly guarded.-[To ARTHUR]

Thesaurus airy: (adj) light, windy, aery, aerial, cancel, exclude, disembark. grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, ethereal, insubstantial, sprightly, perky, volatile, aeriform, aired. embellish, beautify, decorate, ANTONYMS: (adj) airless, hot, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. massive, wooden, weighty, ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, substantial, stifling, sluggish, ponderous, musty, lumbering. awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, enter: (v) enroll, embark, chronicle, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, book, record, input, arrive, come, demean. safety: (n) guard, security, refuge, safe, pierce, register, penetrate. ANTONYMS: (v) depart, exit, delete, bingle, base hit, sanctuary, asylum, stop, refrain, erase, egress, abstain, preservation, cover, shelter.

ANTONYMS: (n) danger, hazard, instability. shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave. strongly: (adv) firmly, vigorously, robustly, violently, solidly, vehemently, sturdily, hardily, mightily, energetically, severely. ANTONYMS: (adv) mildly, dimly, faintly, feebly, gently, loosely, slightly, submissively, thinly, languorously, impassively.

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Cousin, look not sad; Thy grandam loves thee, and thy uncle will As dear be to thee as thy father was.% ARTHUR. O, this will make my mother die with grief! KING JOHN. [To the BASTARD] Cousin, away for England; haste before: And, ere our coming, see thou shake the bags Of hoarding abbots; imprison'd angels Set at liberty: the fat ribs of peace Must by the hungry now be fed upon: Use our commission in his utmost force. BASTARD. Bell, book, and candle shall not drive me back, When gold and silver becks me to come on. I leave your highness.--Grandam, I will pray,-If ever I remember to be holy,-For your fair safety; so, I kiss your hand. ELINOR. Farewell, gentle cousin. KING JOHN. Coz, farewell. [Exit BASTARD.] ELINOR. Come hither, little kinsman; hark, a word. [She takes ARTHUR aside.] KING JOHN. Come hither, Hubert. O my gentle Hubert, We owe thee much! within this wall of flesh

Thesaurus candle: (n) candela, light, taper, bougie, CD, candlepower, lamp, wax light, Standard candle; (v) examine, illuminate. exit: (n) departure, door, egress, outlet, going, gate, way out; (v) leave, go, go out, die. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, entry, entrance, greeting; (v) arrive, come. farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon

voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, salutation, welcome. grief: (adj, n, v) affliction; (n) dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, wound, chagrin, concern; (n, v) regret; (adj) sore. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, happiness, comfort, content, peace. hark: (v) harken, hear, hearken, heed, listen in; (n) look here, look you, look. hoarding: (n) billboard, hoard, garner, signboard, cumulation, board, save,

hoards, store, notice, poster. kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, consanguinity; (v) confederate. utmost: (adj, n) maximum, extreme, uttermost, furthermost, best, highest; (adj, adv) farthest; (adj, v) supreme; (adj) last, furthest; (adj, n, v) greatest. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, worst.

62

King John

There is a soul counts thee her creditor, And with advantage means to pay thy love: And, my good friend, thy voluntary oath Lives in this bosom, dearly cherished. Give me thy hand. I had a thing to say,-But I will fit it with some better time. By heaven, Hubert, I am almost asham'd To say what good respect I have of thee.% HUBERT. I am much bounden to your majesty. KING JOHN. Good friend, thou hast no cause to say so yet: But thou shalt have; and creep time ne'er so slow, Yet it shall come for me to do thee good. I had a thing to say,--but let it go: The sun is in the heaven, and the proud day, Attended with the pleasures of the world, Is all too wanton and too full of gawds To give me audience:--if the midnight bell Did, with his iron tongue and brazen mouth, Sound on into the drowsy race of night; If this same were a churchyard where we stand, And thou possessed with a thousand wrongs; Or if that surly spirit, melancholy, Had bak'd thy blood and made it heavy-thick, Which else runs tickling up and down the veins, Making that idiot, laughter, keep men's eyes, And strain their cheeks to idle merriment-A passion hateful to my purposes;-Or if that thou couldst see me without eyes, Hear me without thine ears, and make reply

Thesaurus bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, veiled, modest. crusty, churlish, grouchy, gruff, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, morose; (adj, n) harsh, rude; (adj, adv) (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. unfriendly. ANTONYMS: (adj) darlingly, sweetly, petly, ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority. expensively, belovedly, intimately, cheerful, gentle, pleasant, courteous, bounden: (adj) bound, indebted, highly, heartfeltly, lovely. easygoing, friendly. drowsy: (adj, n) sleepy; (adj) lazy, wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, compulsory, binding. brazen: (adj) audacious, impudent, comatose, somnolent, slow, lethargic, licentious, unchaste, lewd, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, brassy, insolent, bold, brash, sluggish, dull, indolent, soporific, listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: impertinent, blatant, flagrant, forward, saucy. ANTONYMS: (adj) (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, awake, lively, vigorous, vivacious, shy, abashed, prudish, reserved, refreshed. decent, clean, careful, observant, quiet, discreet, respectful, ashamed, surly: (adj) sullen, grumpy, peevish, justifiable, involuntary.

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Without a tongue, using conceit alone, Without eyes, ears, and harmful sound of words,-Then, in despite of brooded watchful day, I would into thy bosom pour my thoughts: But, ah, I will not!--yet I love thee well; And, by my troth, I think thou lov'st me well.% HUBERT. So well that what you bid me undertake, Though that my death were adjunct to my act, By heaven, I would do it. KING JOHN. Do not I know thou wouldst? Good Hubert, Hubert, Hubert, throw thine eye On yon young boy: I'll tell thee what, my friend, He is a very serpent in my way; And wheresoe'er this foot of mine doth tread, He lies before me: dost thou understand me? Thou art his keeper. HUBERT. And I'll keep him so That he shall not offend your majesty. KING JOHN. Death. HUBERT. My lord? KING JOHN. A grave. HUBERT. He shall not live.

Thesaurus adjunct: (n) addendum, addition, appendage, extra, attachment, adjutant, increment, coadjutor; (adj, n) assistant; (adj) auxiliary, appurtenant. ANTONYMS: (n) lessening, detriment. conceit: (n) pretension, vanity, selfesteem, pride, assumption, egotism, fancy, haughtiness, conception, caprice, quip. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, timidity, selflessness, humbleness, reserve.

ears: (n) antenna. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, harmful: (adj) hurtful, praise, attract. troth: (n) faith, engagement, betrothal, disadvantageous, noxious, destructive, injurious, detrimental, plight, vow, loyalty, espousal, dangerous, damaging, deleterious, fidelity, truth, verity, veracity. evil, maleficent. ANTONYMS: (adj) watchful: (adj) alert, observant, healthy, safe, helpful, advantageous, careful, cautious, wary, attentive, beneficial, benign, constructive, wakeful, mindful, circumspect, sleepless, awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocuous, favorable, pleasant. offend: (v) irritate, affront, insult, inattentive, negligent, oblivious, contravene, injure, disgust, infringe, forgetful, careless, asleep, trusting, displease, abuse, wound, anger. unprepared, reckless.

64

King John

KING JOHN. Enough!-I could be merry now. Hubert, I love thee; Well, I'll not say what I intend for thee: Remember.--Madam, fare you well: I'll send those powers o'er to your majesty.% ELINOR. My blessing go with thee! KING JOHN. For England, cousin, go: Hubert shall be your man, attend on you With all true duty.--On toward Calais, ho! [Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. THE SAME. THE FRENCH KING'S TENT. [Enter KING PHILIP, LOUIS, PANDULPH, and ATTENDANTS.] KING PHILIP. So, by a roaring tempest on the flood A whole armado of convicted sail Is scattered and disjoin'd from fellowship. PANDULPH. Courage and comfort! all shall yet go well. KING PHILIP. What can go well, when we have run so ill. Are we not beaten? Is not Angiers lost? Arthur ta'en prisoner? divers dear friends slain?

Thesaurus blessing: (n) benediction, approval, separate; (adj) several, many, diverse, hostility. mercy, felicity, benison, benefit, luck, miscellaneous, not a few, varied; (v) merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful, diversified; (n) diver. advantage, boon, bless, godsend. glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome, ANTONYMS: (n) curse, misfortune, fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, lighthearted, festive; (adj, n) convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) disaster, condemnation, adversity, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop. desecration, refusal, veto, gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight. fellowship: (n) community, company, powers: (n) authority, capacity, disadvantage. convicted: (adj) condemned, guilty, companionship, communion, strength, administration. tempest: (adj, n) storm, gust; (n) gale, doomed, manifest, confiscated, camaraderie, society, comradeship, association, body; (adj, n) familiarity, hurricane, squall, disturbance, confiscate, appropriated, apparent, censured; (v) convict. acquaintance. ANTONYMS: (n) cyclone, typhoon, agitation, tornado, divers: (adj, v) sundry, various, blizzard. ANTONYM: (n) serenity. unsociability, unfriendliness,

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And bloody England into England gone, O'erbearing interruption, spite of France? LOUIS. What he hath won, that hath he fortified: So hot a speed with such advice dispos'd, Such temperate order in so fierce a cause, Doth want example: who hath read or heard Of any kindred action like to this? KING PHILIP. Well could I bear that England had this praise, So we could find some pattern of our shame.-Look who comes here! a grave unto a soul; Holding the eternal spirit, against her will, In the vile prison of afflicted breath. [Enter CONSTANCE.] I pr'ythee, lady, go away with me.% CONSTANCE. Lo, now! now see the issue of your peace! KING PHILIP. Patience, good lady! comfort, gentle Constance! CONSTANCE. No, I defy all counsel, all redress, But that which ends all counsel, true redress, Death, death:--O amiable lovely death! Thou odoriferous stench! sound rottenness! Arise forth from the couch of lasting night, Thou hate and terror to prosperity, And I will kiss thy detestable bones; And put my eyeballs in thy vaulty brows; And ring these fingers with thy household worms; And stop this gap of breath with fulsome dust,

Thesaurus afflicted: (adj) miserable, distressed, admirable, adorable, sweet, loveable, balmy, sweet, spicy, scented, stricken, pitiful, sorrowful, ill, lovable, likable, delightful, cherished, odorant, ambrosial, malodorous, woeful, dejected, sorry; (v) afflict, honorable, desirable, nice. redolent, unsavory. fulsome: (adj) excessive, foul, spite: (n) malice, grudge, hatred, displeased. couch: (n) bed, sofa, settee, divan; (adj, immoderate, bad, plentiful, undue, malevolence, rancour, venom, rancor, v) lie; (v) express, put, frame, lower, smarmy, repugnant, rank, high; (v) maliciousness, ill will, animosity; (n, repose; (adj) recline. loathsome. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, v) pique. ANTONYMS: (v) please; (n) detestable: (adj) hateful, abhorrent, scanty. benevolence, goodwill, love, kindred: (adj) cognate, akin, similar, damnable, odious, offensive, affection, harmony. allied, related; (n) kin, consanguinity, stench: (n, v) reek, smell; (n) niff, fetor, despicable, execrable, horrible, infamous; (adj, v) cursed; (adj, adv) relation, folk, folks, kin group. odor, malodour, malodor, mephitis, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) odoriferous: (adj) odorous, aromatic, odour, foetor, fetidness.

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And be a carrion monster like thyself: Come, grin on me; and I will think thou smil'st, And buss thee as thy wife! Misery's love, O, come to me! KING PHILIP. O fair affliction, peace! CONSTANCE. No, no, I will not, having breath to cry:-O, that my tongue were in the thunder's mouth! Then with a passion would I shake the world; And rouse from sleep that fell anatomy Which cannot hear a lady's feeble voice, Which scorns a modern invocation.% PANDULPH. Lady, you utter madness, and not sorrow. CONSTANCE. Thou art not holy to belie me so; I am not mad: this hair I tear is mine; My name is Constance; I was Geffrey's wife; Young Arthur is my son, and he is lost: I am not mad:--I would to heaven I were! For then, 'tis like I should forget myself: O, if I could, what grief should I forget!-Preach some philosophy to make me mad, And thou shalt be canoniz'd, cardinal; For, being not mad, but sensible of grief, My reasonable part produces reason How I may be deliver'd of these woes, And teaches me to kill or hang myself: If I were mad I should forget my son, Or madly think a babe of clouts were he:

Thesaurus affliction: (n, v) adversity; (n) distress, garble. ANTONYMS: (v) indicate, madly: (adv) insanely, furiously, regret, martyrdom, torment, curse, verify, prove, affirm, attest, reveal. sorely, frantically, wildly, devilishly, breath: (n) wind, air, inspiration, puff, deadly, dementedly, foolishly, trial, bane, misadventure, sorrow, agony. ANTONYMS: (n) gift, soul, aspiration, respite, airflow; (v) distractedly; (adj, adv) rabidly. breathe, respire; (adj, n) whisper. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, calmly, godsend, solace, blessing. babe: (n) infant, baby, chick, sweetie, buss: (n, v) kiss, smack, embrace; (n) sanely, carefully; (adj) slightly. rouse: (v) provoke, excite, arouse, suckling, nursling, child, newborn, salute, osculation, barge, chit, girl, darling. ANTONYMS: (n) deosculation, cat, sloop; (v) osculate, kindle, awaken, instigate, actuate, grownup, adult, adolescent. caress. disturb, move, agitate, incite. belie: (v) falsify, contradict, negate, carrion: (n) carcass, offal, dead body, ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, misrepresent, betray, calumniate, corpse, filth, ket, any filth, caroigne; dishearten, suppress, douse, inhibit, (adj) garbage. defame, dissemble, color, distort, stifle, quench.

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I am not mad; too well, too well I feel The different plague of each calamity.% KING PHILIP. Bind up those tresses.--O, what love I note In the fair multitude of those her hairs! Where but by a chance a silver drop hath fallen, Even to that drop ten thousand wiry friends Do glue themselves in sociable grief; Like true, inseparable, faithful loves, Sticking together in calamity. CONSTANCE. To England, if you will. KING PHILIP. Bind up your hairs. CONSTANCE. Yes, that I will; and wherefore will I do it? I tore them from their bonds, and cried aloud, 'O that these hands could so redeem my son, As they have given these hairs their liberty!' But now I envy at their liberty, And will again commit them to their bonds, Because my poor child is a prisoner.-And, father cardinal, I have heard you say That we shall see and know our friends in heaven: If that be true, I shall see my boy again; For since the birth of Cain, the first male child, To him that did but yesterday suspire, There was not such a gracious creature born. But now will canker sorrow eat my bud, And chase the native beauty from his cheek, And he will look as hollow as a ghost,

Thesaurus calamity: (n) disaster, adversity, heard: (n) hearing. redeem: (v) recover, deliver, atone, affliction, misfortune, plague, catastrophe, tragedy, blow, bale, recoup, expiate, ransom, reclaim, distress; (n, v) trouble. ANTONYMS: save, free, extricate, refund. (n) blessing, boon, luck, joy, ANTONYMS: (v) hock, pawn, lose. sociable: (adj) outgoing, affable, opportunity. canker: (n) cancer, corruption, blight; amicable, genial, congenial, cordial, (v) corrode, erode; (adj, n) rot; (adj, v) companionable, amiable, gracious, pollute, vitiate; (adj) contaminate, agreeable; (adj, n) social. poison, taint. ANTONYMS: (v) help, ANTONYMS: (adj) unfriendly, protect. reserved, lonely, introvert, hairs: (n) hair. discourteous, frosty, hostile,

inhospitable, disagreeable, shy, inaccessible. tore: (v) tare; (n) moulding, molding. wherefore: (adv, conj) therefore; (adv, n) why; (n) reason, proof; (adv) accordingly, consequently, so, wherefor, hence, whence; (conj) then. wiry: (adj) lean, muscular, sinewy, fibrous, brawny, stalwart, ropy, thin, supple, vigorous, rough. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, small, tiny, smooth, soft, stout, fat.

68

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As dim and meagre as an ague's fit; And so he'll die; and, rising so again, When I shall meet him in the court of heaven I shall not know him: therefore never, never Must I behold my pretty Arthur more! PANDULPH. You hold too heinous a respect of grief.% CONSTANCE. He talks to me that never had a son. KING PHILIP. You are as fond of grief as of your child. CONSTANCE. Grief fills the room up of my absent child, Lies in his bed, walks up and down with me, Puts on his pretty looks, repeats his words, Remembers me of all his gracious parts, Stuffs out his vacant garments with his form; Then have I reason to be fond of grief. Fare you well: had you such a loss as I, I could give better comfort than you do.-I will not keep this form upon my head, [Tearing off her head-dress.] When there is such disorder in my wit. O Lord! my boy, my Arthur, my fair son! My life, my joy, my food, my ail the world! My widow-comfort, and my sorrows' cure! [Exit.] KING PHILIP. I fear some outrage, and I'll follow her. [Exit.]

Thesaurus absent: (adj) wanting, inattentive, not outrage: (n, v) insult, affront, dishonor, devoted, tender, loving, amorous, anger; (v) offend, violate, desecrate; present, preoccupied, lost, missing, delicate, adoring, doting, ardent, (adj, n, v) abuse; (n) atrocity, faraway, nonexistent, absentminded, attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) out; (adj, adv) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough. indignity, enormity. vacant: (adj) blank, hollow, unfilled, alert, attendant, attending, existing, garments: (n) attire, clothing, dress, here, real, attentive; (adv) in, visible. apparel, raiment, outfit, costume, void, free, unoccupied, bare, idle, behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, garb, array, gear, anything worthless. expressionless, open; (adj, v) devoid. meagre: (adj) exiguous, paltry, ANTONYMS: (adj) full, cognizant, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. necessitous, miserable, marginal, overflowing, inhabited, aware, ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, meagerly, gaunt, emaciated, comprehending, animated, solid, ignore, overlook. inadequate, deficient, beggarly. expressive, knowing. fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, ANTONYM: (adj) ample.

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LOUIS. There's nothing in this world can make me joy: Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man; And bitter shame hath spoil'd the sweet world's taste, That it yields nought but shame and bitterness.% PANDULPH. Before the curing of a strong disease, Even in the instant of repair and health, The fit is strongest; evils that take leave On their departure most of all show evil; What have you lost by losing of this day? LOUIS. All days of glory, joy, and happiness. PANDULPH. If you had won it, certainly you had. No, no; when Fortune means to men most good, She looks upon them with a threatening eye. 'Tis strange to think how much King John hath lost In this which he accounts so clearly won. Are not you griev'd that Arthur is his prisoner? LOUIS. As heartily as he is glad he hath him. PANDULPH. Your mind is all as youthful as your blood. Now hear me speak with a prophetic spirit; For even the breath of what I mean to speak Shall blow each dust, each straw, each little rub, Out of the path which shall directly lead Thy foot to England's throne; and therefore mark. John hath seiz'd Arthur; and it cannot be

Thesaurus accounts: (n) financial statement. nought: (adj, n) nil, naught, zero; (n) tedious: (adj) tiresome, boring, dreary, curing: (n) hardening, ageing, drying, cipher, cypher, nobody, aught, nix, slow, heavy, humdrum, irksome, null, nada; (adj) no. lifeless; (adj, v) monotonous, arid, rectification, vulcanization, preservation; (adj) curative, remedial, prophetic: (adj) oracular, mantic, dry. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, corrective, comforting, medicinal. prophetical, prognostic, visionary, varied, easy, readable, lively, evils: (n) mala. biblical, vaticinal, sibylline, entertaining, enthralling, brisk, heartily: (adv) cordially, sincerely, foreshadowing, fatidical, pythonic. concise, exotic, pleasant. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprophetic, youthful: (adj) immature, fresh, green, enthusiastically, warmly, strongly, earnestly, vigorously, ardently, unimaginative. juvenile, vernal, adolescent, childish, straw: (n) rush, stalk, drinking straw, soundly, devoutly, eagerly. new, tender, sappy, beardless. ANTONYMS: (adv) feebly, chaff, fig, bran; (adj) feather, cobweb, ANTONYMS: (adj) adult, mature, mote, gossamer; (v) strew. languorously. experienced, sophisticated, late.

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That, whiles warm life plays in that infant's veins, The misplac'd John should entertain an hour, One minute, nay, one quiet breath of rest: A sceptre snatch'd with an unruly hand Must be boisterously maintain'd as gain'd: And he that stands upon a slippery place Makes nice of no vile hold to stay him up: That John may stand then, Arthur needs must fall: So be it, for it cannot be but so.% LOUIS. But what shall I gain by young Arthur's fall? PANDULPH. You, in the right of Lady Blanch your wife, May then make all the claim that Arthur did. LOUIS. And lose it, life and all, as Arthur did. PANDULPH. How green you are, and fresh in this old world! John lays you plots; the times conspire with you; For he that steeps his safety in true blood Shall find but bloody safety and untrue. This act, so evilly borne, shall cool the hearts Of all his people, and freeze up their zeal, That none so small advantage shall step forth To check his reign, but they will cherish it; No natural exhalation in the sky, No scope of nature, no distemper'd day, No common wind, no customed event, But they will pluck away his natural cause And call them meteors, prodigies, and signs,

Thesaurus boisterously: (adv) noisily, clamorously, raucously, uproariously, rowdily, riotously, loudly, tumultuously, vociferously, unruly, roughly. ANTONYMS: (adv) demurely, peacefully. cherish: (v) care for, nurture, treasure, entertain, cultivate, bosom, prize, esteem, harbor; (n, v) hug, foster. ANTONYMS: (v) hate, scorn, reject, denounce, despise, neglect. conspire: (v) concur, complot, connive,

harden, set; (n) frost, congelation; (n, plot, plan, cabal, contribute, v) arrest, stop; (adj) frozen. collaborate, conspiring, intrigue, ANTONYMS: (v) thaw, boil, unblock, confederate. evilly: (adv) wickedly, wrongly, badly, warm, dissolve, begin, soften. pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, viciously, illy, sinfully, nefariously, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, perniciously, mischievously, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. mischiefly, injuriously. exhalation: (n) emanation, expiration, ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge. breathing out, steam, vapour, sceptre: (n) sovereignty, verge, wand, emission, fumes, vapor, puff, effusion, wind. bauble, mace, brink. freeze: (v) chill, cool, solidify, block, steeps: (n) pike, cliff, clough.

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Abortives, presages, and tongues of heaven, Plainly denouncing vengeance upon John.% LOUIS. May be he will not touch young Arthur's life, But hold himself safe in his prisonment. PANDULPH. O, sir, when he shall hear of your approach, If that young Arthur be not gone already, Even at that news he dies; and then the hearts Of all his people shall revolt from him, And kiss the lips of unacquainted change; And pick strong matter of revolt and wrath Out of the bloody fingers' ends of john. Methinks I see this hurly all on foot: And, O, what better matter breeds for you Than I have nam'd!--The bastard Falconbridge Is now in England, ransacking the church, Offending charity: if but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To train ten thousand English to their side: Or as a little snow, tumbled about Anon becomes a mountain. O noble Dauphin, Go with me to the king:--'tis wonderful What may be wrought out of their discontent, Now that their souls are topful of offence: For England go:--I will whet on the king. LOUIS. Strong reasons makes strong actions: let us go: If you say ay, the king will not say no. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus becomes: (v) become. denouncing: (v) denounce; (adj) disparaging, critical, reproving, censorious, disapproving. dozen: (adj, n) XII; (n) dozens, boxcars. hurly: (n) uproar. ransacking: (n) rummage, hunting, depredation, digging. reasons: (n) proof. revolt: (n, v) mutiny, rebellion, insurrection; (v) sicken, nauseate, rebel, repel, repulse, offend; (adj, v)

shock; (n) uprising. ANTONYMS: (n) retaliation, requital, avengement, attraction; (v) please, delight. wrath, vendetta, spite, revengeance; topful: (adj) brimful. (n, v) avenge, resentment. tumbled: (adj) disordered. ANTONYMS: (n) forgiveness, unacquainted: (adj) unaware, acceptance. whet: (v) quicken, excite, grind, stir, unaccustomed, strange, oblivious, stimulate, hone; (n) goad, spur, fillip, ignorant, unapprized, unapprised, stimulus; (adj) point. ANTONYMS: unweeting, inexperienced, innocent, not learned. ANTONYMS: (adj) (v) blunt, dishearten, dull, dampen, accustomed, knowledgeable, quench. wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, conscious, informed. vengeance: (n) retribution, reprisal, worked up, formed.

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ACT IV

SCENE I. NORTHAMPTON. A ROOM IN THE CASTLE.% [Enter HUBERT and two ATTENDANTS.] HUBERT. Heat me these irons hot; and look thou stand Within the arras: when I strike my foot Upon the bosom of the ground, rush forth And bind the boy which you shall find with me Fast to the chair: be heedful: hence, and watch. FIRST ATTENDANT. I hope your warrant will bear out the deed. HUBERT. Uncleanly scruples! Fear not you; look to't.-[Exeunt ATTENDANTS.] Young lad, come forth; I have to say with you. [En ter ARTHUR.] ARTHUR. Good morrow, Hubert.

Thesaurus arras: (n) hanging. ahead, before, on, off, on the high solar day, day. bind: (adj, v) attach, fix, fasten, affix; road, on the road, on the way, under scruples: (n) conscience, moral sense, (n) band; (v) bandage, lace, fetter, way. sense of right and wrong, morality, heedful: (adj) careful, aware, cautious, ethical motive, principle, ethics, bundle, truss, combine. ANTONYMS: (v) untie, unbind, free, mindful, circumspect, alert, moral fiber, morals. unfasten, unravel, permit, loosen, advertent, watchful, wary, observant, warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, loose, let; (n, v) release; (n) pleasure. thoughtful. ANTONYMS: (adj) assure, sanction, empower; (n) deed: (n) accomplishment, act, feat, authority, authorization, security; (v) forgetful, oblivious. irons: (n) fetters, iron, chain, shackles, justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) behavior, action, exploit, covenant, break; (v) debar. doing, document, title, fact. fetter, manacles, gyve, bond, bonds, ANTONYM: (n) failure. pinion, handcuffs. forth: (adv) away, along, onward, morrow: (n) morning, future, mean

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HUBERT. Good morrow, little prince.% ARTHUR. As little prince, having so great a tide To be more prince, as may be.--You are sad. HUBERT. Indeed I have been merrier. ARTHUR. Mercy on me! Methinks no body should be sad but I: Yet, I remember, when I was in France, Young gentlemen would be as sad as night, Only for wantonness. By my christendom, So I were out of prison, and kept sheep, I should be as merry as the day is long; And so I would be here, but that I doubt My uncle practises more harm to me: He is afraid of me, and I of him: Is it my fault that I was Geffrey's son? No, indeed, is't not; and I would to heaven I were your son, so you would love me, Hubert. HUBERT. [Aside.] If I talk to him, with his innocent prate He will awake my mercy, which lies dead: Therefore I will be sudden and despatch. ARTHUR. Are you sick, Hubert? you look pale to-day: In sooth, I would you were a little sick, That I might sit all night and watch with you: I warrant I love you more than you do me.

Thesaurus awake: (v) wake, awaken, realize, innocent: (adj) chaste, artless, clear, mercilessness, ruthlessness, waken; (adj) alive, alert, attentive, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless, impatience, inhumanity. conscious, keen, intelligent; (adj, v) guiltless, ignorant, unsophisticated, prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign, broad awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) spotless, naive. ANTONYMS: (adj) duke, king, chief, maharaja, unconscious, sleeping, comatose, culpable, responsible, wicked, wary, maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke. sleepy, relaxed; (v) deaden, lull, experienced, corrupt, worldly, unfair, wantonness: (n) lust, unrestraint, sleep. meaningful, offensive, jaded. licentiousness, sexual immorality, despatch: (n) shipment, expedition, mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, immorality, lasciviousness, communique, mission, consignment, favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, unconstraint, voluptuousness, sending, forwarding; (v) transmit, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) wickedness, lasciviency, sybaritism. quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, ANTONYM: (n) restraint. expedite, quicken, send. gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs. harshness, unkindness, severity,

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HUBERT. [Aside.] His words do take possession of my bosom.-Read here, young Arthur. [Showing a paper.] [Aside.] How now, foolish rheum! Turning dispiteous torture out of door! I must be brief, lest resolution drop Out at mine eyes in tender womanish tears.-Can you not read it? is it not fair writ? ARTHUR. Too fairly, Hubert, for so foul effect. Must you with hot irons burn out both mine eyes? HUBERT. Young boy, I must.% ARTHUR. And will you? HUBERT. And I will. ARTHUR. Have you the heart? When your head did but ache, I knit my handkerchief about your brows,-The best I had, a princess wrought it me,-And I did never ask it you again; And with my hand at midnight held your head; And, like the watchful minutes to the hour, Still and anon cheer'd up the heavy time, Saying 'What lack you?' and 'Where lies your grief?' Or 'What good love may I perform for you?' Many a poor man's son would have lien still, And ne'er have spoke a loving word to you;

Thesaurus anon: (adv) directly, immediately, early, readily, soon, instantly, again, forthwith, promptly, shortly, rath. dispiteous: (adj) cruel. foul: (adj, v) nasty, base, corrupt, coarse; (adj) filthy, disgusting, evil, unclean, putrid; (n, v) defile, soil. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) clean, pure; (adj) pleasant, fair, inoffensive, humane, attractive, honest, pleasing, fragrant; (v) unclog. handkerchief: (n) hankie, kerchief,

afflict; (n) agony, anguish, suffering, bandanna, cravat, hanky, wipe, bandana, collar, shawl; (n, v) napkin; excruciation, grief; (v) rack, (v) sudary. excruciate. ANTONYMS: (n) relief, knit: (adj, v) tie, lace; (v) plait, alleviation, content, ecstasy, joy, intertwine, bind, join, pucker, fasten, pleasure; (v) relieve, alleviate. interlace; (adj) stitch, knitted. womanish: (adj) tender, feminine, lien: (n) bond, mortgage, pledge, female, womanlike, womanly, weak, plight, spleen, debenture, bill of sale, unmanly. hypothecation, Retaining lien, paper writ: (n) edict, assize, certiorari, credit, pignoration. judicial writ, injunction, order, act, midnight: (n) dark, noon, hour. prescription, scripture, writing, torture: (n, v) pain, distress, agonize, ukase.

76

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But you at your sick service had a prince. Nay, you may think my love was crafty love, And call it cunning.--do, an if you will: If heaven be pleas'd that you must use me ill, Why, then you must.--Will you put out mine eyes, These eyes that never did nor never shall So much as frown on you? HUBERT. I have sworn to do it! And with hot irons must I burn them out.% ARTHUR. Ah, none but in this iron age would do it! The iron of itself, though heat red-hot, Approaching near these eyes would drink my tears, And quench his fiery indignation, Even in the matter of mine innocence; Nay, after that, consume away in rust, But for containing fire to harm mine eye. Are you more stubborn-hard than hammer'd iron? An if an angel should have come to me And told me Hubert should put out mine eyes, I would not have believ'd him,--no tongue but Hubert's. HUBERT. [Stamps.] Come forth. [Re-enter ATTENDANTS, with cords, irons, etc.] Do as I bid you do. ARTHUR. O, save me, Hubert, save me! my eyes are out Even with the fierce looks of these bloody men.

Thesaurus angel: (n, v) sponsor, support; (n) backer, cherub, messenger, patron, benefactor, saint; (adj) Dulcinea, goddess; (adj, n) darling. ANTONYMS: (n) fiend, devil, jerk, demon. consume: (v) exhaust, absorb, dissipate, use, squander, fritter, expend, eat, swallow, burn; (adj, v) waste. ANTONYMS: (v) save, abstain, conserve, make, store, accumulate, produce, manufacture,

hoard, gather, fast. cords: (n) trousers, bands, line, strings, corduroys, raised bands. crafty: (adj) cunning, adroit, sly, astute, artful, wily, clever, tricky, shifty, designing, scheming. ANTONYMS: (adj) naive, open, honest, guileless, artless, straightforward, trustworthy, ingenuous, blatant, straight. fiery: (adj, n) burning, passionate, glowing; (adj) fervent, ablaze, hot, fervid, impassioned, peppery; (adj, v)

fierce, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, passionless, dispassionate, indifferent, placid, gentle, cool; (adv) easygoing. frown: (adj, v) lower; (adj, n) scowl; (n, v) pout, grimace, glower, glare; (adj) black looks, gloam, glout; (v) sulk, gnash. ANTONYM: (v) approve. sworn: (adj) extreme, mortal, implacable, engaged, dedicated, committed, betrothed, bespoken, affianced, inveterate.

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HUBERT. Give me the iron, I say, and bind him here.% ARTHUR. Alas, what need you be so boist'rous rough? I will not struggle, I will stand stone-still. For heaven sake, Hubert, let me not be bound! Nay, hear me, Hubert!--drive these men away, And I will sit as quiet as a lamb; I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word, Nor look upon the iron angerly: Thrust but these men away, and I'll forgive you, Whatever torment you do put me to. HUBERT. Go, stand within; let me alone with him. FIRST ATTENDANT. I am best pleas'd to be from such a deed. [Exeunt ATTENDANTS.] ARTHUR. Alas, I then have chid away my friend! He hath a stern look but a gentle heart:-Let him come back, that his compassion may Give life to yours. HUBERT. Come, boy, prepare yourself. ARTHUR. Is there no remedy? HUBERT. None, but to lose your eyes. ARTHUR. O heaven!--that there were but a mote in yours,

Thesaurus compassion: (adj, n) clemency, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, gentle, kindly, lax, liberal, cheerful, kindness; (n) mercy, charity, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. flexible. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, torment: (n, v) tease, distress, harass, sympathy, commiseration, remorse, afflict, pain, annoy; (n) agony, tenderness, forgiveness, feeling, castigate. grace. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, mote: (adj, n) molecule, speck, atom, anguish, suffering; (v) persecute, corpuscle, particle, dot; (n) grain, jot, oppress. ANTONYMS: (v) please, disregard, unconcern, severity, iota, must; (adj) dust. delight, placate, comfort, soothe; (n) nastiness, harshness, stern: (adj) rigid, rigorous, austere, incomprehension, malevolence, contentment, happiness, pleasure, hard, strict, grim, solemn, rough; (adj, calm, content. coldness, roughness, inhumanity. eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby v) harsh; (n) back; (adj, n) rear. wince: (v) shrink, cringe, quail, cower, ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, jump, contract; (n, v) flinch, start, blues, guard, propensity, eyen. forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, winch; (adj) bear ill; (n) sit on thorns. approving, lenient, funny, genial,

78

King John

A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair, Any annoyance in that precious sense! Then, feeling what small things are boisterous there, Your vile intent must needs seem horrible.% HUBERT. Is this your promise? go to, hold your tongue. ARTHUR. Hubert, the utterance of a brace of tongues Must needs want pleading for a pair of eyes: Let me not hold my tongue,--let me not, Hubert; Or, Hubert, if you will, cut out my tongue, So I may keep mine eyes: O, spare mine eyes, Though to no use but still to look on you!-Lo, by my troth, the instrument is cold And would not harm me. HUBERT. I can heat it, boy. ARTHUR. No, in good sooth; the fire is dead with grief, Being create for comfort, to be us'd In undeserv'd extremes: see else yourself; There is no malice in this burning coal; The breath of heaven hath blown his spirit out, And strew'd repentant ashes on his head. HUBERT. But with my breath I can revive it, boy. ARTHUR. An if you do, you will but make it blush, And glow with shame of your proceedings, Hubert. Nay, it, perchance will sparkle in your eyes;

Thesaurus boisterous: (adj, n) rough; (adj) furious, loud, noisy, fierce, raucous, wild, rude, vociferous; (adj, v) tempestuous, rampant. ANTONYMS: (adj) restrained, orderly, calm, dignified, silent, tranquil, gentle, placid. brace: (n, v) prop, strengthen, support, invigorate; (n) strut, pair, duo, bitstock, tie; (v) clamp, bolster. ANTONYMS: (v) unfasten, sedate, loosen, flex.

gnat: (adj) midge, animalcule, emmet, unremorseful, glad. shrimp, maggot, minnow, worm; (n) sparkle: (n, v) flicker, flash, shimmer, blackfly, mosquito, sandfly, black fly. spark, shine, blaze, fizz, gleam, perchance: (adv) maybe, possibly, by glitter; (v) blink, glare. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, dullness, lifelessness. chance, peradventure, accidentally, vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; incidentally, mayhap, chance, (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, haphazard, probably, haply. repentant: (adj) contrite, remorseful, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. regretful, sorry, apologetic, ashamed, ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, compunctious, penitential, rueful, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, humble, doing penance. honorable, good, delightful, ANTONYMS: (adj) impenitent, admirable, noble.

William Shakespeare

79

And, like a dog that is compell'd to fight, Snatch at his master that doth tarre him on. All things that you should use to do me wrong, Deny their office: only you do lack That mercy which fierce fire and iron extends, Creatures of note for mercy-lacking uses.% HUBERT. Well, see to live; I will not touch thine eye For all the treasure that thine uncle owes: Yet I am sworn, and I did purpose, boy, With this same very iron to burn them out. ARTHUR. O, now you look like Hubert! all this while You were disguised. HUBERT. Peace; no more. Adieu! Your uncle must not know but you are dead; I'll fill these dogged spies with false reports: And, pretty child, sleep doubtless and secure That Hubert, for the wealth of all the world, Will not offend thee. ARTHUR. O heaven! I thank you, Hubert. HUBERT. Silence; no more: go closely in with me: Much danger do I undergo for thee. [Exeunt.]

SCENE II.THE SAME. A ROOM OF STATE IN THE PALACE.

Thesaurus disguised: (adj) cloaked, concealed, indifferent, undetermined. doubtless: (adv) assuredly, masked, secret, hidden, veiled, in disguise, incognito, blind; (adj, v) undoubtedly, probably, private; (n) groggy. ANTONYMS: unquestionably, clearly, without (adj) recognizable, unmasked, doubt, presumably; (adj) sure; (adv, v) questionless; (adj, adv) no doubt, to be uncovered, uncloaked, revealed, sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) improbably, open, obvious. dogged: (adj) obdurate, stubborn, uncertain, unlikely, questionable. treasure: (n) gem, fortune, riches, willful, bullheaded, insistent, obstinate, tenacious, wilful, untiring, funds; (n, v) hoard, prize, store; (v) cherish, appreciate; (adj, n) jewel, resolute, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) yielding, compromising, precious stone. ANTONYMS: (v)

dislike, disparage, scorn, neglect; (n) dud, poverty. uncle: (n) father's younger brother, elder uncle, father's older brother, father's sister's husband, husband of paternal aunt, maternal uncle, niece, benefactor, EME, helper, kinsman. undergo: (v) experience, encounter, sustain, have, endure, bear, tolerate, go through, take, feel, know. ANTONYMS: (v) commit, do, execute.

80

King John

[Enter KING JOHN, crowned, PEMBROKE, SALISBURY, and other LORDS. The KING takes his State.] KING JOHN. Here once again we sit, once again crown'd, And look'd upon, I hope, with cheerful eyes.% PEMBROKE. This once again, but that your highness pleas'd, Was once superfluous: you were crown'd before, And that high royalty was ne'er pluck'd off; The faiths of men ne'er stained with revolt; Fresh expectation troubled not the land With any long'd-for change or better state. SALISBURY. Therefore, to be possess'd with double pomp, To guard a title that was rich before, To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a perfume on the violet, To smooth the ice, or add another hue Unto the rainbow, or with taper-light To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish, Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. PEMBROKE. But that your royal pleasure must be done, This act is as an ancient tale new told; And, in the last repeating troublesome, Being urged at a time unseasonable. SALISBURY. In this, the antique and well-noted face Of plain old form is much disfigured;

Thesaurus antique: (adj) old, antiquated, obsolete, aged, antiquarian, musty, quaint, outmoded, antediluvian, outdated; (n) relic. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) modern; (adj) recent, fresh, current, contemporary. beauteous: (adj) pretty, lovely, fair, comely, good-looking, handsome, stunning. crowned: (adj) laureled, fulfilled, browbound, incoronate, successful. perfume: (n, v) scent, essence, odor,

smell; (n) aroma, bouquet, cologne, incense, odour; (v) embalm, aromatize. ANTONYMS: (n) stink, stench. rainbow: (n) tortoise shell, tulip, sunbow, spectrum, peacock, dream, chimera; (adj) multicolored, motley, kaleidoscopic, colorful. royalty: (n) regality, payment, kingship, royal line, royal house, royal family, fee, tax, nobility, loyalty, majesty.

unseasonable: (adj) inopportune, inappropriate, premature, ill timed, improper, immature, inconvenient, ill-timed, inept, unchancy; (v) illtimed. wasteful: (adj) improvident, profuse, prodigal, lavish, profligate, ruinous, uneconomical, spendthrift, thriftless, destructive, uneconomic. ANTONYMS: (adj) economical, cautious, parsimonious, efficient, frugal, productive, sensible.

William Shakespeare

81

And, like a shifted wind unto a sail, It makes the course of thoughts to fetch about; Startles and frights consideration; Makes sound opinion sick, and truth suspected, For putting on so new a fashion'd robe.% PEMBROKE. When workmen strive to do better than well, They do confound their skill in covetousness; And oftentimes excusing of a fault Doth make the fault the worse by the excuse,-As patches set upon a little breach Discredit more in hiding of the fault Than did the fault before it was so patch'd. SALISBURY. To this effect, before you were new-crown'd, We breath'd our counsel: but it pleas'd your highness To overbear it; and we are all well pleas'd, Since all and every part of what we would Doth make a stand at what your highness will. KING JOHN. Some reasons of this double coronation I have possess'd you with, and think them strong; And more, more strong, when lesser is my fear, I shall indue you with: meantime but ask What you would have reform'd that is not well, And well shall you perceive how willingly I will both hear and grant you your requests. PEMBROKE. Then I,--as one that am the tongue of these, To sound the purposes of all their hearts,-Both for myself and them,--but, chief of all,

Thesaurus confound: (v) bewilder, baffle, nonplus, perplex, astonish, puzzle, amaze, astound, mistake; (adj, v) confuse, stupefy. ANTONYMS: (v) explain, clarify, comfort, lose, distinguish; (n) understanding. excusing: (n) defense; (adj) exculpatory, lenient, extenuating, easy, tolerant. hiding: (n) covering, concealment, concealing, beating, screening, thrashing, flogging, rout, burial,

drubbing, ambush. discover, see, grasp, find, know, indue: (v) endue, give, clothe, invest, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, cover, empower, gift, bestow, covering, enthrone, induct. observe, ignore. oftentimes: (adv) frequently, ofttimes, requests: (n) desires, requirements, oft, frequent, repeatedly, much, a needs, wants. great deal. ANTONYM: (adv) rarely. shifted: (adj) disordered, gone. overbear: (v) overpower, overcome, strive: (v) endeavor, contend, contest, bear down, conquer, press, defeat, struggle, fight, attempt, combat, beat, domineer, crush, subdue, strain, work, aspire, aim. prostrate. perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend,

82

King John

Your safety, for the which myself and them Bend their best studies,--heartily request The enfranchisement of Arthur, whose restraint Doth move the murmuring lips of discontent To break into this dangerous argument,-If what in rest you have in right you hold, Why then your fears,--which, as they say, attend The steps of wrong,--should move you to mew up Your tender kinsman, and to choke his days With barbarous ignorance, and deny his youth The rich advantage of good exercise? That the time's enemies may not have this To grace occasions, let it be our suit That you have bid us ask his liberty; Which for our goods we do no further ask Than whereupon our weal, on you depending, Counts it your weal he have his liberty.% KING JOHN. Let it be so: I do commit his youth To your direction. [Enter HUBERT.] Hubert, what news with you? PEMBROKE. This is the man should do the bloody deed; He show'd his warrant to a friend of mine: The image of a wicked heinous fault Lives in his eye; that close aspect of his Doth show the mood of a much-troubled breast; And I do fearfully believe 'tis done What we so fear'd he had a charge to do.

Thesaurus barbarous: (adj) barbaric, savage, certification, accreditation, gothic, brutal, heathen, truculent, emancipation, deliverance, lib, rude, fell, ferocious, fierce, liberty, release, liberation, uncivilized. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, manumission, credentials. ANTONYM: (n) disenfranchisement. cultured, civilized, sophisticated, fearfully: (adv) timidly, timorously, refined, humane. choke: (v) asphyxiate, block, stifle, awfully, apprehensively, back up, clog up, gag, suffocate, foul, horrendously, hideously, anxiously, appallingly, terribly; (adj, adv) strangle, smother, obstruct. ANTONYMS: (v) free, open, release, shockingly, dreadfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) bravely, calmly, confidently, unblock. enfranchisement: (n) freedom, wonderfully, rationally,

unconcernedly. murmuring: (n) murmuration, murmur, complaint, grumble, muttering, mutter, murmur vowel; (adj) whispering, humming, droning, murmurous. weal: (n) wale, wheal, welt, prosperity, happiness, good, wealth, riches, welfare, injury, trauma. whereupon: (adv) thereupon, hereupon, upon which, at what, at which.

William Shakespeare

83

SALISBURY. The colour of the king doth come and go Between his purpose and his conscience, Like heralds 'twixt two dreadful battles set. His passion is so ripe it needs must break.% PEMBROKE. And when it breaks, I fear will issue thence The foul corruption of a sweet child's death. KING JOHN. We cannot hold mortality's strong hand:-Good lords, although my will to give is living, The suit which you demand is gone and dead: He tells us Arthur is deceas'd to-night. SALISBURY. Indeed, we fear'd his sickness was past cure. PEMBROKE. Indeed, we heard how near his death he was, Before the child himself felt he was sick: This must be answer'd either here or hence. KING JOHN. Why do you bend such solemn brows on me? Think you I bear the shears of destiny? Have I commandment on the pulse of life? SALISBURY. It is apparent foul-play; and 'tis shame That greatness should so grossly offer it: So thrive it in your game! and so, farewell. PEMBROKE. Stay yet, Lord Salisbury, I'll go with thee And find th' inheritance of this poor child,

Thesaurus breaks: (n) lot, destiny, opportunity, pounding, cadence; (v) pulsate, sober, important, sedate, devout, formal, demure; (adj) heavy, chance. palpitate, pound. commandment: (n) order, command, ripe: (adj) adult, ready, advanced, dignified, sacred; (adj, n) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, fiat, edict, law, regulation, bidding, prepared, good, grown, perfect, decree, caution, behest, prescription. matured, finished, consummate; (adj, cheerful, unceremonious, funny, grossly: (adv) rudely, roughly, v) mellow. ANTONYMS: (adj) green, playful, flippant, relaxed. thrive: (adj, v) prosper; (v) flourish, commonly, heavily, bluntly, unripe, immature, dry, poisonous, disgustingly, shamefully, rankly, young, unsuitable, sweet. grow, advance, blossom, succeed, shears: (n) clippers, clipper, shear, pair increase, bloom, get ahead, boom; totally, uncouthly, obscenely. ANTONYM: (adv) appealingly. (adj) luxuriate. ANTONYMS: (v) of scissors, snips, shearing machine, pulse: (n, v) throb; (n) pulsation, pruning shears; (adj, n) cutters. deteriorate, fail, languish, struggle, impulse, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, solemn: (adj, n, v) serious; (adj, v) decrease.

84

King John

His little kingdom of a forced grave. That blood which ow'd the breadth of all this isle Three foot of it doth hold:--bad world the while! This must not be thus borne: this will break out To all our sorrows, and ere long, I doubt.% [Exeunt LORDS.] KING JOHN. They burn in indignation. I repent: There is no sure foundation set on blood; No certain life achiev'd by others' death.-[Enter a MESSENGER.] A fearful eye thou hast: where is that blood That I have seen inhabit in those cheeks? So foul a sky clears not without a storm: Pour down thy weather:--how goes all in France? MESSENGER. From France to England.--Never such a power For any foreign preparation Was levied in the body of a land. The copy of your speed is learn'd by them; For when you should be told they do prepare, The tidings comes that they are all arriv'd. KING JOHN. O, where hath our intelligence been drunk? Where hath it slept? Where is my mother's care, That such an army could be drawn in France, And she not hear of it? MESSENGER. My liege, her ear Is stopp'd with dust; the first of April died Your noble mother; and as I hear, my lord,

Thesaurus borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, extinguish, wet. dust: (v) sprinkle, clean, spray, wipe, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited. breadth: (n) width, spread, amplitude, spread; (n) dirt, earth, relics, grit, elevated, majestic, generous, high; remains, soil. ANTONYMS: (n) (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: wideness, size, length, latitude, newness; (v) dirty. (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, extent, area, broadness, stretch. ANTONYMS: (n) length, longitude, inhabit: (v) reside, abide, occupy, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, emptiness, thinness. lodge, settle, people, live, indwell, be, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; burn: (adj, v) glow; (n, v) bite, fire, exist; (n) habit. ANTONYMS: (v) (n) lady. sunburn; (v) sting, scorch, incinerate, desert, vacate. tidings: (n) intelligence, information, kingdom: (n) domain, realm, state, blaze, flare, ignite, cremate. message, report, word, advice, ANTONYMS: (v) smother, give, empire, dominion, territory, nation, communication, dispute, wind, subdue, help, quench, repay, stifle, crown, monarchy, department, land. statement, tiding.

William Shakespeare

85

The Lady Constance in a frenzy died Three days before; but this from rumour's tongue I idly heard,--if true or false I know not.% KING JOHN. Withhold thy speed, dreadful occasion! O, make a league with me, till I have pleas'd My discontented peers!--What! mother dead! How wildly, then, walks my estate in France!-Under whose conduct came those powers of France That thou for truth giv'st out are landed here? MESSENGER. Under the Dauphin. KING JOHN. Thou hast made me giddy With these in tidings. [Enter the BASTARD and PETER OF POMFRET.] Now! What says the world To your proceedings? do not seek to stuff My head with more ill news, for it is full. BASTARD. But if you be afear'd to hear the worst, Then let the worst, unheard, fall on your head. KING JOHN. Bear with me, cousin, for I was amaz'd Under the tide: but now I breathe again Aloft the flood; and can give audience To any tongue, speak it of what it will. BASTARD. How I have sped among the clergymen, The sums I have collected shall express.

Thesaurus breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale. discontented: (adj, v) querulous, complaining; (adj) disaffected, disgruntled, malcontent, unsatisfied, dissatisfied, displeased, miserable, put out, ungratified. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, satisfied, happy, content.

frenzy: (n) fury, anger, insanity, mania, hysteria; (adj, n) distraction, aberration, alienation, phrensy, derangement; (n, v) craze. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, calm, order. idly: (adj, adv) foolishly; (adv) vainly, vaguely, listlessly, forgetfully, distractedly; (adj) thoughtlessly. ANTONYM: (adv) energetically. sped: (v) done for. sums: (n) estimate, calculation,

arithmetic. unheard: (adj) aspirated, atonic, deaf, indistinct, involving surds, nonvocal, radical, sharp, silent, surd, irrational. wildly: (adj, adv) madly, extravagantly; (adv) savagely, fiercely, violently, frantically, brutally, furiously, tempestuously, viciously, crazily. ANTONYMS: (adv) quietly, peacefully, meekly, cautiously, gently.

86

King John

But as I travell'd hither through the land, I find the people strangely fantasied; Possess'd with rumours, full of idle dreams. Not knowing what they fear, but full of fear; And here's a prophet that I brought with me From forth the streets of Pomfret, whom I found With many hundreds treading on his heels; To whom he sung, in rude harsh-sounding rhymes, That, ere the next Ascension-day at noon, Your highness should deliver up your crown.% KING JOHN. Thou idle dreamer, wherefore didst thou so? PETER. Foreknowing that the truth will fall out so. KING JOHN. Hubert, away with him; imprison him; And on that day at noon, whereon he says I shall yield up my crown, let him be hang'd. Deliver him to safety; and return, For I must use thee. [Exit HUBERT with PETER.] O my gentle cousin, Hear'st thou the news abroad, who are arriv'd? BASTARD. The French, my lord; men's mouths are full of it; Besides, I met Lord Bigot and Lord Salisbury,-With eyes as red as new-enkindled fire, And others more, going to seek the grave Of Arthur, whom they say is kill'd to-night On your suggestion.

Thesaurus dreamer: (n) romancer, visionary, imprison: (v) cage, incarcerate, jail, daydreamer, woolgatherer, seer, immure, commit, prison, restrain, sleeper, slumberer, illusionist, gaol, detain, lock up, shut. ANTONYMS: (v) release, free, logician, philosopher, escapist. idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive, free, liberate. noon: (n) high noon, noonday, unfounded, fruitless, baseless, groundless, frivolous, empty, noontide, afternoon, hour, disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj) dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) meridian, meridional; (adj, n) active, employed, industrious, energetic, meaningful, productive, culmination. worthwhile, diligent; (v) change, run, others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, work. LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission.

strangely: (adv) curiously, queerly, unusually, funnily, peculiarly, weirdly, marvelously, uncommonly, extraordinarily, singularly, bizarrely. ANTONYMS: (adv) typically, ordinarily, harmoniously. streets: (n) street. sung: (v) sing; (n) call, sung dynasty, strain, song dynasty, song, birdsong, birdcall; (adj) spoken, outspoken, choral.

William Shakespeare

87

KING JOHN. Gentle kinsman, go And thrust thyself into their companies: I have a way to will their loves again: Bring them before me.% BASTARD. I will seek them out. KING JOHN. Nay, but make haste; the better foot before. O, let me have no subject enemies When adverse foreigners affright my towns With dreadful pomp of stout invasion! Be Mercury, set feathers to thy heels, And fly like thought from them to me again. BASTARD. The spirit of the time shall teach me speed. KING JOHN. Spoke like a sprightful noble gentleman! [Exit BASTARD.] Go after him; for he perhaps shall need Some messenger betwixt me and the peers; And be thou he. MESSENGER. With all my heart, my liege. [Exit.] KING JOHN. My mother dead! [Re-enter HUBERT.] HUBERT. My lord, they say five moons were seen to-night;

Thesaurus adverse: (adj) unfavorable, contrary, untoward, hostile, harmful, adversary, repugnant, counter, pernicious, noisome; (adj, n) opposite. ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful, fortunate, aiding, beneficial, positive, advantageous, agreeable, desirable, pleasant, harmless. affright: (v) frighten, scare, horrify, startle, terrorize, terrify, intimidate; (n) dread, alarm, fear; (n, v) fright. betwixt: (n) midst; (prep) among,

amid; (adv) atwixt. dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming, atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair. feathers: (n) plumage, fur, indument, garment, garb, fine hair, clothing, dress, apparel, attire, array. re-enter: (v) return, come back.

sprightful: (adj) sprightly. stout: (adj, n) sturdy, stocky, hearty; (adj) hardy, strong, robust, obese, husky, bold, corpulent, fleshy. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, slim, flimsy, cowardly, slight, skinny, fragile, weak. thrust: (n, v) poke, stab, jab, drive, shove, force, punch, boost, cast, dig; (v) ram. ANTONYM: (n) inertia.

88

King John

Four fixed, and the fifth did whirl about The other four in wondrous motion.% KING JOHN. Five moons! HUBERT. Old men and beldams in the streets Do prophesy upon it dangerously: Young Arthur's death is common in their mouths: And when they talk of him, they shake their heads, And whisper one another in the ear; And he that speaks doth gripe the hearer's wrist; Whilst he that hears makes fearful action With wrinkled brows, with nods, with rolling eyes. I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus, The whilst his iron did on the anvil cool, With open mouth swallowing a tailor's news; Who, with his shears and measure in his hand, Standing on slippers,--which his nimble haste Had falsely thrust upon contrary feet,-Told of a many thousand warlike French That were embattailed and rank'd in Kent. Another lean unwash'd artificer Cuts off his tale, and talks of Arthur's death. KING JOHN. Why seek'st thou to possess me with these fears? Why urgest thou so oft young Arthur's death? Thy hand hath murder'd him: I had a mighty cause To wish him dead, but thou hadst none to kill him. HUBERT. No had, my lord! why, did you not provoke me?

Thesaurus anvil: (n) stithy, anvil blade, fulciment, block, stiddy, prop, anvil roll, Stith, stand. falsely: (adv) incorrectly, fraudulently, deceptively, dishonestly, wrongly, erroneously, misleadingly, deceitfully, unfaithfully, spuriously, fictitiously. ANTONYMS: (adv) honestly, truthfully, faithfully, authentically, correctly, naturally, rightly. gripe: (n) complaint; (adj, v) catch; (n,

v) beef, moan, bellyache, grasp, foreshow, forecast, portend, grumble, whine, protest; (adj, n, v) foreshadow, forebode, bode, clutch; (v) complain. ANTONYMS: anticipate. (v) appreciate, compliment, agree, swallowing: (adj) absorptive, rejoice. unsuspecting, absorbent, absorbing; nimble: (adj) lively, adroit, agile, brisk, (n) consumption. warlike: (adj) military, belligerent, spry, alert, expeditious, energetic, clever, lithe; (adj, v) light. bellicose, pugnacious, combative, ANTONYMS: (adj) clumsy, heavy, aggressive, armigerous, hostile, stiff, slow, awkward, sluggish, unfit. unfriendly, unpacific, militant. prophesy: (n, v) presage; (v) ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonizing, prognosticate, foretell, augur, friendly.

William Shakespeare

89

KING JOHN. It is the curse of kings to be attended By slaves that take their humours for a warrant To break within the bloody house of life; And, on the winking of authority, To understand a law; to know the meaning Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns More upon humour than advis'd respect.% HUBERT. Here is your hand and seal for what I did. KING JOHN. O, when the last account 'twixt heaven and earth Is to be made, then shall this hand and seal Witness against us to damnation! How oft the sight of means to do ill deeds Make deeds ill done! Hadst not thou been by, A fellow by the hand of nature mark'd, Quoted and sign'd to do a deed of shame, This murder had not come into my mind: But, taking note of thy abhorr'd aspect, Finding thee fit for bloody villainy, Apt, liable to be employ'd in danger, I faintly broke with thee of Arthur's death; And thou, to be endeared to a king, Made it no conscience to destroy a prince. HUBERT. My lord,-KING JOHN. Hadst thou but shook thy head or made pause, When I spake darkly what I purpos'd, Or turn'd an eye of doubt upon my face,

Thesaurus darkly: (adv) murkily, dimly, obscurely, duskily, somberly, shadily, mistily, secretly, dismally, heavily, overcastly. ANTONYM: (adv) openly. deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities. destroy: (v) demolish, blight, despoil, subvert, dismantle, devour, wreck, devastate; (adj, v) desolate, abolish; (n, v) murder. ANTONYMS: (v)

preserve, create, make, construct, protect, repair, restore, uphold, sustain, submit, revive. endeared: (adj) dear. faintly: (adv) dimly, vaguely, indistinctly, lightly, weakly, hazily, slightly, softly, shadowily, infirmly, palely. ANTONYMS: (adv) clearly, intensely, distinctly, overpoweringly, harshly, considerably, powerfully, strongly, brightly, obviously, audibly.

humour: (n) fun, wit, witticism, body fluid, temper, mood, amiability, drollery, disposition; (adj) humorous; (v) gratify. seal: (n, v) stamp; (v) plug, bar, caulk, stop, shut; (n) cachet, hallmark, imprint, signet; (adj) conclude. ANTONYMS: (n, v) open; (v) unseal. shook: (adj) shake, vibrate, addled, barrel, cask, confused, distressed, hurt, passionate, puzzled. slaves: (n) helotry, bondsmen.

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As bid me tell my tale in express words, Deep shame had struck me dumb, made me break off, And those thy fears might have wrought fears in me: But thou didst understand me by my signs, And didst in signs again parley with sin; Yea, without stop, didst let thy heart consent, And consequently thy rude hand to act The deed which both our tongues held vile to name.-Out of my sight, and never see me more! My nobles leave me; and my state is brav'd, Even at my gates, with ranks of foreign powers; Nay, in the body of the fleshly land, This kingdom, this confine of blood and breath, Hostility and civil tumult reigns Between my conscience and my cousin's death.% HUBERT. Arm you against your other enemies, I'll make a peace between your soul and you. Young Arthur is alive: this hand of mine Is yet a maiden and an innocent hand, Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. Within this bosom never enter'd yet The dreadful motion of a murderous thought; And you have slander'd nature in my form,-Which, howsoever rude exteriorly, Is yet the cover of a fairer mind Than to be butcher of an innocent child. KING JOHN. Doth Arthur live? O, haste thee to the peers, Throw this report on their incensed rage, And make them tame to their obedience!

Thesaurus confine: (n, v) bound, border, limit; (v) bind, restrain, circumscribe, tie, incarcerate, hold; (n) boundary, bounds. ANTONYMS: (v) release, free, liberate, broaden. crimson: (adj, n) carmine, ruby, scarlet, maroon; (v) blush, flush, redden; (adj) bloody, ruddy, cherry; (n) deep red. fleshly: (adj) animal, bodily, sensual, physical, corporeal, voluptuous, lustful, lascivious; (adv) carnally, sensually; (adj, adv) worldly.

ANTONYM: (adv) spiritual. tame: (v) break, subdue, soften, howsoever: (adv) however, although, domesticate; (adj) meek, docile, bland, domestic, gentle, slow; (adj, v) though, howso. murderous: (adj) cutthroat, homicidal, moderate. ANTONYMS: (adj) gory, bloodthirsty, cruel, brutal, exciting, bright, unmanageable, fierce, mortal, deadly, lethal, killing. interesting, untamed, inspiring, ANTONYM: (adj) easy. brilliant, colorful, rebellious, lively. nobles: (n) landed gentry, upper class. tumult: (adj, n, v) hubbub, disturbance; ranks: (n) rank and file. (n) stir, commotion, bustle, din, fuss, spots: (n) damp, drifter, floater, excitement; (n, v) clamor, disorder, brawl. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, push, floating policy, muscae volitantes, Musca volitans. serenity, order, calm.

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Forgive the comment that my passion made Upon thy feature; for my rage was blind, And foul imaginary eyes of blood Presented thee more hideous than thou art. O, answer not; but to my closet bring The angry lords with all expedient haste: I conjure thee but slowly; run more fast.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. BEFORE THE CASTLE. [Enter ARTHUR, on the Walls.] ARTHUR. The wall is high, and yet will I leap down:-Good ground, be pitiful and hurt me not!-There's few or none do know me: if they did, This ship-boy's semblance hath disguis'd me quite. I am afraid; and yet I'll venture it. If I get down, and do not break my limbs, I'll find a thousand shifts to get away: As good to die and go, as die and stay. [Leaps down.] O me! my uncle's spirit is in these stones:-Heaven take my soul, and England keep my bones! [Dies.] [Enter PEMBROKE, SALISBURY, and BIGOT.] SALISBURY. Lords, I will meet him at Saint Edmunds-Bury;

Thesaurus closet: (n) cupboard, cubicle, cell, pleasant, beautiful, wonderful. imaginary: (adj) fictitious, unreal, latrine, bathroom, wardrobe, water closet; (adj) clandestine, confidential, false, mythical, illusory, ideal, secret, private. ANTONYM: (adj) hypothetical, visionary, fictional, open. notional, chimerical. ANTONYMS: conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, (adj) real, palpable, actual, concrete, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure prosaic, normal, true. leap: (n, v) bound, spring, bounce, up, evoke, implore, bring up. hideous: (adj) dreadful, frightful, caper, dive, vault, lunge; (v) dance, hop, start; (n) curvet. ANTONYMS: fearful, ghastly, horrid, ugly, (n, v) plummet; (v) surface, drop, repulsive, lurid, horrible, grisly, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, hesitate; (n) slump.

pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, miserable, distressing, mean, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, impressive. semblance: (adj, n) color; (n) resemblance, appearance, look, aspect, air, image, similarity, pretense, guise, pretext. ANTONYM: (n) difference.

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It is our safety, and we must embrace This gentle offer of the perilous time.% PEMBROKE. Who brought that letter from the cardinal? SALISBURY. The Count Melun, a noble lord of France, Whose private with me of the Dauphin's love Is much more general than these lines import. BIGOT. To-morrow morning let us meet him then. SALISBURY. Or rather then set forward; for 'twill be Two long days' journey, lords, or e'er we meet. [Enter the BASTARD.] BASTARD. Once more to-day well met, distemper'd lords! The king by me requests your presence straight. SALISBURY. The King hath dispossess'd himself of us. We will not line his thin bestained cloak With our pure honours, nor attend the foot That leaves the print of blood where'er it walks. Return and tell him so: we know the worst. BASTARD. Whate'er you think, good words, I think, were best. SALISBURY. Our griefs, and not our manners, reason now.

Thesaurus gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, value; (v) imply. ANTONYMS: (n, v) print: (n, v) mark, impress, export; (n) insignificance, photograph; (n) impression, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) inconsequence, triviality. engraving, printing, picture, tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, journey: (n, v) jaunt, go, travel, cruise, lettering, copy; (v) issue, engrave. fare; (n) excursion, way, expedition, pure: (adj) absolute, natural, faultless, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep, trip, passage, voyage. ANTONYM: innocent, immaculate, perfect, good, (v) settle. clean; (adj, n) chaste, genuine; (adj, v) sheer. honours: (n) first, honors, degree, perilous: (adj, v) dangerous, mere. ANTONYMS: (adj) hazardous; (adj) insecure, unsafe, academic degree. contaminated, dishonored, diluted, import: (n, v) matter, sense, denote; (n) parlous, precarious, risky, tainted, wicked, practical, polluted, meaning, effect, connotation, treacherous, dicey, critical, dodgy. flawed, marred, unsaturated, ANTONYM: (adj) secure. implication, moment, significance, unchaste.

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BASTARD. But there is little reason in your grief; Therefore 'twere reason you had manners now.% PEMBROKE. Sir, sir, impatience hath his privilege. BASTARD. 'Tis true,--to hurt his master, no man else. SALISBURY. This is the prison:--what is he lies here? [Seeing ARTHUR.] PEMBROKE. O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty! The earth had not a hole to hide this deed. SALISBURY. Murder, as hating what himself hath done, Doth lay it open to urge on revenge. BIGOT. Or, when he doom'd this beauty to a grave, Found it too precious-princely for a grave. SALISBURY. Sir Richard, what think you? Have you beheld, Or have you read or heard, or could you think? Or do you almost think, although you see, That you do see? could thought, without this object, Form such another? This is the very top, The height, the crest, or crest unto the crest, Of murder's arms: this is the bloodiest shame, The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke, That ever wall-ey'd wrath or staring rage Presented to the tears of soft remorse.

Thesaurus crest: (n, v) crown, top, peak, climax; (n) summit, brow, cockscomb, acme, pinnacle, zenith; (v) cap. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom, nadir, trough. hating: (adj) loathful, abhorring, disgusting, misanthropic, vengeful; (n) venom. impatience: (n) annoyance, eagerness, anger, intolerance, restlessness, fidget, nervousness, fidgetiness, enthusiasm, edginess; (adj)

nonendurance. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, endurance, apathy. remorse: (n) penitence, contrition, repentance, regret, guilt, penance, sorrow, grief, qualm, ruefulness, compassion. ANTONYM: (n) shamelessness. revenge: (n) retribution, vengeance, reprisal, retaliation, repayment, grudge, punishment; (v) retaliate, repay, requite, vindicate. savagery: (n) atrocity, barbarism,

barbarity, ferociousness, savageness, cruelty, ferocity, inhumanity, viciousness, harshness, violence. staring: (adj) conspicuous, garish, agaze, vivid, noisy, showy, fixed, opened, glassy; (adv) staringly. wrath: (n) rage, resentment, ire, fury, displeasure, indignation, passion, madness, choler, irritation; (adj) angry. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, love, composure, serenity.

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PEMBROKE. All murders past do stand excus'd in this; And this, so sole and so unmatchable, Shall give a holiness, a purity, To the yet unbegotten sin of times; And prove a deadly bloodshed but a jest, Exampled by this heinous spectacle.% BASTARD. It is a damned and a bloody work; The graceless action of a heavy hand,-If that it be the work of any hand. SALISBURY. If that it be the work of any hand?-We had a kind of light what would ensue. It is the shameful work of Hubert's hand; The practice and the purpose of the king:-From whose obedience I forbid my soul, Kneeling before this ruin of sweet life, And breathing to his breathless excellence The incense of a vow, a holy vow, Never to taste the pleasures of the world, Never to be infected with delight, Nor conversant with ease and idleness, Till I have set a glory to this hand, By giving it the worship of revenge. PEMBROKE. and BIGOT. Our souls religiously confirm thy words. [Enter HUBERT.] HUBERT. Lords, I am hot with haste in seeking you: Arthur doth live; the king hath sent for you.

Thesaurus bloodshed: (n) blood, slaughter, informed, familiar, versed, learned, religion, righteousness, goodness, massacre, bloodletting, murder, cognizant, conscious, erudite, devotion, divinity, faithfulness, halidom; (adj, n) religiousness. killing, homicide, gore, bloodbath, experienced, skilled. ANTONYMS: fighting, battue. ANTONYM: (n) (adj) unfamiliar, oblivious, ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, friendliness. inexperienced. unholiness. breathless: (adj, adv) out of breath; graceless: (adj) inelegant, clumsy, incense: (v) enrage, anger, provoke, (adj) panting, inanimate, godless, depraved, gauche, irritate, infuriate, aggravate, rile, cense, inflame; (n) fragrance, aroma. breathtaking, winded, choking, abandoned, ungracious, dissolute, puffing; (v) all agog, aghast; (adj, n) ANTONYMS: (v) please, pacify. ungraceful, rude, barbaric. eager; (n) in hysterics. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (adj) sophisticated, unbegotten: (adj) unconceived, (adj) dull, expected, boring. suave, elegant. unmade, unproduced, unborn, conversant: (adj) proficient, knowing, holiness: (n) sanctity, godliness, piety, uncreated, unbegot.

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SALISBURY. O, he is bold, and blushes not at death:-Avaunt, thou hateful villain, get thee gone! HUBERT. I am no villain.% SALISBURY. Must I rob the law? [Drawing his sword.] BASTARD. Your sword is bright, sir; put it up again. SALISBURY. Not till I sheathe it in a murderer's skin. HUBERT. Stand back, Lord Salisbury,--stand back, I say; By heaven, I think my sword's as sharp as yours: I would not have you, lord, forget yourself, Nor tempt the danger of my true defence; Lest I, by marking of your rage, forget Your worth, your greatness, and nobility. BIGOT. Out, dunghill! dar'st thou brave a nobleman? HUBERT. Not for my life: but yet I dare defend My innocent life against an emperor. SALISBURY. Thou art a murderer. HUBERT. Do not prove me so; Yet I am none: whose tongue soe'er speaks false, Not truly speaks; who speaks not truly, lies.

Thesaurus dunghill: (adj) base, craven, jakes, sink, recreant, privy; (n) unsanitariness, laystall, mixen, muckheap, muckhill. marking: (n) earmark, crisscross, brand, marker, maculation, grading, stamping, authentication, lineation, cairn, cross. murderer: (n) assassin, cutthroat, killer, manslayer, murderess, executioner, thug, liquidator; (v) butcher; (n, v) slayer, terrorist.

nobility: (n) aristocracy, greatness, lenify, subdue; (v) wrap, enfold. tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, dignity, lord, noblesse, magnanimousness, baronage, gentry, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, nobleman; (adj) generosity; (adj, n) seduce, fascinate, attempt. magnanimity. ANTONYM: (n) ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, baseness. repel. nobleman: (n) patrician, aristocrat, villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, lord, peer, marquis, nobility, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, grandee, baron, duke, armiger, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero. burgrave. sheathe: (n) sheath, scabbard; (adj) dull, blunt, obtund, mollify, dulcify,

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PEMBROKE. Cut him to pieces.% BASTARD. Keep the peace, I say. SALISBURY. Stand by, or I shall gall you, Falconbridge. BASTARD. Thou wert better gall the devil, Salisbury: If thou but frown on me, or stir thy foot, Or teach thy hasty spleen to do me shame, I'll strike thee dead. Put up thy sword betime: Or I'll so maul you and your toasting-iron That you shall think the devil is come from hell. BIGOT. What wilt thou do, renowned Falconbridge? Second a villain and a murderer? HUBERT. Lord Bigot, I am none. BIGOT. Who kill'd this prince? HUBERT. 'Tis not an hour since I left him well: I honour'd him, I lov'd him, and will weep My date of life out for his sweet life's loss. SALISBURY. Trust not those cunning waters of his eyes, For villainy is not without such rheum; And he, long traded in it, makes it seem Like rivers of remorse and innocency. Away with me, all you whose souls abhor

Thesaurus abhor: (v) hate, detest, abominate, execrate, despise, dislike, nauseate, disdain, scorn, resent, dread. ANTONYMS: (v) adore, approve, like, cherish, embrace, relish, treasure, admire. cunning: (adj) crafty, canny, adroit, wily, sly, shrewd, tricky, artful; (n) craftiness, craft, cleverness. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, honest, stupid, unimaginative, gullible, ingenuous, straightforward, candid,

sincere; (n) frankness, straightforwardness. hasty: (adj) fast, abrupt, cursory, fleet, sudden, rash, impetuous, careless, speedy, hurried, quick. ANTONYMS: (adj) deliberate, considered, leisurely, sensible, gradual, thorough, cautious, careful, roundabout, prudent, patient. maul: (v) mangle, beat, batter, molest, thrash; (adj, v) bruise, buffet; (n) hammer, mallet, sledgehammer,

sledge. renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious; (adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, eminent, distinguished, great, notorious, well-known. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, anonymous, undistinguished. traded: (adj) listed. villainy: (n) evil, infamy, crime, villany, misdeed, baseness, enormity, atrocity, evildoing, evilness, injustice.

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Th' uncleanly savours of a slaughter-house; For I am stifled with this smell of sin.% BIGOT. Away toward Bury, to the Dauphin there! PEMBROKE. There tell the king he may inquire us out. [Exeunt LORDS.] BASTARD. Here's a good world!--Knew you of this fair work? Beyond the infinite and boundless reach Of mercy, if thou didst this deed of death, Art thou damn'd, Hubert. HUBERT. Do but hear me, sir. BASTARD. Ha! I'll tell thee what; Thou'rt damn'd as black--nay, nothing is so black; Thou art more deep damn'd than Prince Lucifer: There is not yet so ugly a fiend of hell As thou shalt be, if thou didst kill this child. HUBERT. Upon my soul,-BASTARD. If thou didst but consent To this most cruel act, do but despair; And if thou want'st a cord, the smallest thread That ever spider twisted from her womb Will serve to strangle thee; a rush will be a beam To hang thee on; or wouldst thou drown thyself, Put but a little water in a spoon

Thesaurus boundless: (adj) limitless, endless, stifled: (adj) strangled, suppressed, swamp, inundate, suffocate, asphyxiate; (adj, n, v) sink. unlimited, infinite, bottomless, muffled, deafened, completely ANTONYMS: (v) float, swim, incalculable, immense, covered, dead, deadened, weak, deaf immeasurable, interminable, amplify, dry. corn, regardless, decayed. unbounded, vast. ANTONYMS: (adj) fiend: (n) monster, devil, fanatic, strangle: (v) smother, stifle, limited, restricted, confined, finite, brute, deuce, incubus, goblin, ogre, asphyxiate, scrag, tighten, repress, constrict, pinch, strangulate; (adj, v) incomplete, negligible, small. enthusiast, daemon, addict. cord: (n) band, bond, tie, twine, tape, ANTONYM: (n) angel. throttle; (n) strangling. inquire: (v) demand, ask, explore, uncleanly: (adv) foully, impurely, whipcord, thread, yarn, lace, rope, leash. enquire, inspect, research, consult, grubbily, dirtily, dingily, squalidly, drown: (v) drench, submerge, pry, request, wonder; (n, v) question. muddily, grimily, messily; (adj) ANTONYM: (v) answer. impure; (v) slovenly. overwhelm, choke, engulf, flood,

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And it shall be as all the ocean, Enough to stifle such a villain up. I do suspect thee very grievously.% HUBERT. If I in act, consent, or sin of thought, Be guilty of the stealing that sweet breath Which was embounded in this beauteous clay, Let hell want pains enough to torture me! I left him well. BASTARD. Go, bear him in thine arms.-I am amaz'd, methinks, and lose my way Among the thorns and dangers of this world.-How easy dost thou take all England up! From forth this morsel of dead royalty, The life, the right, and truth of all this realm Is fled to heaven; and England now is left To tug and scamble, and to part by the teeth The unow'd interest of proud-swelling state. Now for the bare-pick'd bone of majesty Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest, And snarleth in the gentle eyes of peace: Now powers from home and discontents at home Meet in one line; and vast confusion waits, As doth a raven on a sick-fallen beast, The imminent decay of wrested pomp. Now happy he whose cloak and cincture can Hold out this tempest.--Bear away that child, And follow me with speed: I'll to the king; A thousand businesses are brief in hand, And heaven itself doth frown upon the land.

Thesaurus bristle: (n) fiber, hair, whisker; (v) teem, burn, seethe, rage, arise, fume, blow up; (n, v) brustle. ANTONYM: (v) calm. cincture: (n) girdle, sash, belt, waistband, cummerbund, cestus, zone, garland, wreath, cord; (v) encircle. cloak: (n, v) veil, mask, camouflage, wrap, masquerade, screen, pall; (n) cape; (v) conceal, dissemble, hide. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, uncloak,

unmask; (n, v) uncover. methinks: (adv) meseems. morsel: (n, v) bite, mouthful; (n) crumb, chew, particle, fragment, taste, piece, nibble; (adj, v) gobbet, mite. raven: (v) guttle, feed, devour, gulp, harry, eat; (n) crow, plunder; (adj) black, jet; (n, v) gorge. scamble: (v) lacerate, discind, hackle, slice. stealing: (n) pilferage, larceny, theft,

steal, burglary, misappropriation, embezzlement, stolen, thievery, pilfering, thieving. stifle: (v) smother, suffocate, repress, dampen, muffle, extinguish, strangle, quell, hush up, asphyxiate, check. ANTONYMS: (v) express, arouse, stimulate, light, exacerbate, show. wrested: (adj) perverted, distorted, twisted, wry.

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[Exeunt.%]

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ACT V

SCENE I. NORTHAMPTON. A ROOM IN THE PALACE.% [Enter KING JOHN, PANDULPH with the crown, and ATTENDANTS.] KING JOHN. Thus have I yielded up into your hand The circle of my glory. PANDULPH. [Giving KING JOHN the crown.] Take again From this my hand, as holding of the pope, Your sovereign greatness and authority. KING JOHN. Now keep your holy word: go meet the French; And from his holiness use all your power To stop their marches 'fore we are inflam'd. Our discontented counties do revolt; Our people quarrel with obedience; Swearing allegiance and the love of soul To stranger blood, to foreign royalty.

Thesaurus allegiance: (n) adherence, dedication, devotion, faith, troth, faithfulness, commitment, fidelity, homage, constancy, fealty. ANTONYMS: (n) sedition, treason, betrayal, disobedience, enmity, treachery, indifference. circle: (n) association, field, range, beat, set; (n, v) ring, band, compass, turn, whirl; (v) encircle. holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed,

spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) autonomous, imperial, royal, free, saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: regal; (adj, n) prince. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, unholy. (adj) dependent, ineffective, useless. quarrel: (adj, n, v) dispute; (n, v) fight, stranger: (n) foreigner, outsider, feud, brawl, row, altercation, argue, newcomer, outlander, immigrant, conflict, squabble; (n) dissension, intruder, unknown, tramontane, difference. ANTONYMS: (n) trespasser; (adj) foreign, strange. ANTONYMS: (n) pal, native, agreement, reconciliation, acceptance, concord, consensus; (v) associate, resident, familiar. yielded: (v) yold, yolden. agree. sovereign: (n) ruler, king, lord, emperor; (adj) independent,

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This inundation of mistemper'd humour Rests by you only to be qualified. Then pause not; for the present time's so sick That present medicine must be ministr'd Or overthrow incurable ensues.% PANDULPH. It was my breath that blew this tempest up, Upon your stubborn usage of the pope: But since you are a gentle convertite, My tongue shall hush again this storm of war And make fair weather in your blustering land. On this Ascension-day, remember well, Upon your oath of service to the pope, Go I to make the French lay down their arms. [Exit.] KING JOHN. Is this Ascension-day? Did not the prophet Say that before Ascension-day at noon My crown I should give off? Even so I have: I did suppose it should be on constraint; But, heaven be thank'd, it is but voluntary. [Enter the BASTARD.] BASTARD. All Kent hath yielded; nothing there holds out But Dover Castle: London hath receiv'd, Like a kind host, the Dauphin and his powers: Your nobles will not hear you, but are gone To offer service to your enemy; And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your doubtful friends.

Thesaurus amazement: (n) admiration, wonder, hush: (adj, n, v) calm, silence, quiet, alluvion, downpour, cloudburst, alluvium, flowage. ANTONYM: (n) surprise, consternation, stupefaction, still, lull; (n) peace; (v) shut up, gag, quieten, muffle; (adj, v) soothe. stupor, wonderment, feeling, alarm, trickle. jolt; (v) amaze. ANTONYMS: (n) ANTONYMS: (n) noise, turmoil; (v) stubborn: (adj) contrary, hard, preparation, indifference, Louden. intractable, perverse, rigid, incurable: (adj) incorrigible, expectation, coolness, cool, determined, persistent, refractory, composure, calmness, contempt, immedicable, cureless, inveterate, tenacious, obdurate, inveterate. belief. irretrievable, irrecoverable, terminal, ANTONYMS: (adj) compliant, blustering: (adj, v) stormy; (adj) irremediable, irreparable, remediless, irresolute, flexible, amenable, docile, chronic. ANTONYM: (adj) mild. raging, blusterous, blustery, easygoing, malleable, agreeable, turbulent, loud, vaporing, vociferous, inundation: (n, v) deluge, freshet; (n) accommodating, cooperative, feeble. noisy, hectoring; (adv) blusteringly. flooding, overflow, debacle, torrent,

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KING JOHN. Would not my lords return to me again After they heard young Arthur was alive? BASTARD. They found him dead, and cast into the streets; An empty casket, where the jewel of life By some damn'd hand was robb'd and ta'en away.% KING JOHN. That villain Hubert told me he did live. BASTARD. So, on my soul, he did, for aught he knew. But wherefore do you droop? why look you sad? Be great in act, as you have been in thought; Let not the world see fear and sad distrust Govern the motion of a kingly eye: Be stirring as the time; be fire with fire; Threaten the threatener, and outface the brow Of bragging horror: so shall inferior eyes, That borrow their behaviours from the great, Grow great by your example, and put on The dauntless spirit of resolution. Away, and glister like the god of war When he intendeth to become the field: Show boldness and aspiring confidence. What, shall they seek the lion in his den, And fright him there? and make him tremble there? O, let it not be said!--Forage, and run To meet displeasure farther from the doors, And grapple with him ere he come so nigh. KING JOHN. The legate of the pope hath been with me,

Thesaurus boldness: (n) prowess, face, daring, valor, nerve, assurance, heroism, audaciousness, spirit, cheek, valour. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, shyness, timidity, meekness, reticence. bragging: (n) brag, swagger, bluff, bluster, conceit, arrogance; (adj) arrogant, boastful, big, overweening, braggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest; (n) timidity. casket: (n) box, coffin, chest, sarcophagus, coffer, caddy, bier,

gasket, reliquary, desk; (v) enclose. (n) grappling. droop: (adj, v) decline; (v) dangle, wilt, kingly: (adj, adv) stately; (adj) August, hang, flag, sink, slump, loll, collapse; noble, regal, imperial, sovereign, (n, v) sag, pine. ANTONYMS: (v) rise, majestic, royal; (adv) royally, bloom. majestically, regally. glister: (n, v) glisten; (n) glitter, nigh: (adj, adv, prep) near; (adj, adv) scintillation, sparkle, clyster, luster, close, nearly, almost, nearby, most, coruscation, brightness; (v) gleam, all but, about, adjacent; (prep) by; (adj) flash. approximate. grapple: (n, v) grip, clasp, tackle, outface: (v) brave, dip slope, gaze, grasp; (v) fight, contend, grab, outscout, stare down. struggle; (adj, n, v) lock; (adj, n) hook;

104

King John

And I have made a happy peace with him; And he hath promis'd to dismiss the powers Led by the Dauphin.% BASTARD. O inglorious league! Shall we, upon the footing of our land, Send fair-play orders, and make compromise, Insinuation, parley, and base truce, To arms invasive? shall a beardless boy, A cocker'd silken wanton, brave our fields, And flesh his spirit in a warlike soil, Mocking the air with colours idly spread, And find no check? Let us, my liege, to arms; Perchance the cardinal cannot make your peace; Or, if he do, let it at least be said They saw we had a purpose of defence. KING JOHN. Have thou the ordering of this present time. BASTARD. Away, then, with good courage! yet, I know Our party may well meet a prouder foe. [Exeunt.] SCENE II. NEAR SAINT EDMUNDS-BURY. THE FRENCH CAMP. [Enter, in arms, LOUIS, SALISBURY, MELUN, PEMBROKE, BIGOT, and soldiers.] LOUIS. My Lord Melun, let this be copied out

Thesaurus beardless: (adj) callow, youthful, weakness, wimpiness, yellowness. encroaching, offensive, intrusive, footing: (n) foothold, base, bottom, young, green, hairless, under age, hostile, trespassing, pervasive, enveloping. ANTONYMS: (adj) puisne, sappy, budding, whiskerless. foundation, status, rank, foot, copied: (adj) counterfeit, derivative, pedestal, situation, relation, root. confined, noninvasive. ANTONYM: (n) top. ordering: (n) disposition, sequence, sham, false, phony, mock, imitative, inglorious: (adj) disgraceful, forged, fake, ersatz, bogus. order, disposal, grading, adjustment, ANTONYM: (adj) real. dishonourable, disreputable, management, decree, configuration, courage: (n) audacity, fortitude, classification; (adj) imperative. infamous, black, ignominious, silken: (adj) glossy, silk, sleek, soft, boldness, nerve, spirit, backbone, stigmatic, discreditable, obscure, valor, heroism, gallantry, mettle, shameful, opprobrious. ANTONYM: satiny, satin, shiny, smooth, slick, chivalry. ANTONYMS: (n) (adj) magnificent. downy, mild. ANTONYMS: (adj) invasive: (adj) aggressive, invading, cowardice, faintheartedness, coarse, dull, rough.

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105

And keep it safe for our remembrance: Return the precedent to these lords again; That, having our fair order written down, Both they and we, perusing o'er these notes, May know wherefore we took the sacrament, And keep our faiths firm and inviolable.% SALISBURY. Upon our sides it never shall be broken. And, noble Dauphin, albeit we swear A voluntary zeal and an unurg'd faith To your proceedings; yet, believe me, prince, I am not glad that such a sore of time Should seek a plaster by contemn'd revolt, And heal the inveterate canker of one wound By making many. O, it grieves my soul That I must draw this metal from my side To be a widow-maker! O, and there Where honourable rescue and defence Cries out upon the name of Salisbury! But such is the infection of the time, That, for the health and physic of our right, We cannot deal but with the very hand Of stern injustice and confused wrong.-And is't not pity, O my grieved friends! That we, the sons and children of this isle, Were born to see so sad an hour as this; Wherein we step after a stranger-march Upon her gentle bosom, and fill up Her enemies' ranks--I must withdraw and weep Upon the spot of this enforc'd cause-To grace the gentry of a land remote, And follow unacquainted colours here?

Thesaurus gentry: (n) aristocracy, gentility, injustice: (n) iniquity, wrong, gentlefolk, nobility, elite, peerage, unfairness, bigotry, wickedness, prejudice, crime; (adj, n) injury, evil, squirearchy, second estate, society, harm, damage. ANTONYMS: (n) upper class. grieved: (adj) sore, sad, sorry, fairness, evenhandedness, sorrowful, upset, woeful, pained, reasonableness, goodness, tolerance. inveterate: (adj) incorrigible, affected, brokenhearted. heal: (v) mend, recover, doctor, confirmed, chronic, ingrained, old, irredeemable; (adj, v) fixed; (v) recuperate, cicatrize, get well, fix, restore, convalesce; (n, v) remedy; (n) rooted, ingrafted, hackneyed; (n) correct. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, ineffaceable. perusing: (n) poring over, studying. disfigure, exacerbate.

physic: (n) medicine, aperient, cathartic, medication, healing, medicament, drug; (n, v) cure, doctor, remedy; (v) heal. plaster: (n) mortar, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm; (v) daub, paint; (n, v) cement, stucco, poultice. ANTONYM: (v) uncover. precedent: (n) example, prototype, case, case in point, instance, rule, original; (adj, n) antecedent; (adj) preceding, foregoing, anterior.

106

King John

What, %here?--O nation, that thou couldst remove! That Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee about, Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself, And grapple thee unto a pagan shore, Where these two Christian armies might combine The blood of malice in a vein of league, And not to spend it so unneighbourly! LOUIS. A noble temper dost thou show in this; And great affections wrestling in thy bosom Doth make an earthquake of nobility. O, what a noble combat hast thou fought Between compulsion and a brave respect! Let me wipe off this honourable dew That silverly doth progress on thy cheeks: My heart hath melted at a lady's tears, Being an ordinary inundation; But this effusion of such manly drops, This shower, blown up by tempest of the soul, Startles mine eyes and makes me more amaz'd Than had I seen the vaulty top of heaven Figur'd quite o'er with burning meteors. Lift up thy brow, renowned Salisbury, And with a great heart heave away this storm: Commend these waters to those baby eyes That never saw the giant world enrag'd, Nor met with fortune other than at feasts, Full of warm blood, of mirth, of gossiping. Come, come; for thou shalt thrust thy hand as deep Into the purse of rich prosperity As Louis himself:--so, nobles, shall you all, That knit your sinews to the strength of mine.--

Thesaurus affections: (n) bosom. drop. earthquake: (n) tremor, shock, quake, manly: (adj) manlike, masculine, manful, virile, brave, gallant; (adv) temblor, cataclysm, upheaval, seaquake, avalanche; (adj) manfully, boldly, hardily, virilely; (adj, adv) stately. ANTONYMS: (adj) thunderstorm, volcano, seismic. effusion: (n) effluence, eruption, weak, unmanly, cowardly; (adv) outpour, efflux, outburst, exudation, unmanfully. mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) extrusion, exhalation, emanation, emission, flow. amusement, happiness, delight, joy, heave: (n, v) cast, fling, raise, gasp, hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, toss, lift; (v) chuck, haul, elevate, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: pitch, billow. ANTONYMS: (v) push, (n) gloom, sadness, misery.

pagan: (adj, n) gentile, ethnic, agnostic; (n) idolater, infidel, paynim, heretic; (adj) heathenish, irreligious, ethnical, profane. silverly: (adv) brightly, whitely, graily, resplendently. unneighbourly: (adj) unfriendly. wrestling: (n) grapple, grappling, rassling, bout, event, clamshell, athletics, boxing, braving, pugilism; (adj) fighting.

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And even there, methinks, an angel spake: Look, where the holy legate comes apace, To give us warrant from the hand of heaven And on our actions set the name of right With holy breath.% [Enter PANDULPH, attended.] PANDULPH. Hail, noble prince of France! The next is this,--King John hath reconcil'd Himself to Rome; his spirit is come in, That so stood out against the holy church, The great metropolis and see of Rome: Therefore thy threatening colours now wind up, And tame the savage spirit of wild war, That, like a lion foster'd up at hand, It may lie gently at the foot of peace And be no further harmful than in show. LOUIS. Your grace shall pardon me, I will not back: I am too high-born to be propertied, To be a secondary at control, Or useful serving-man and instrument To any sovereign state throughout the world. Your breath first kindled the dead coal of wars Between this chastis'd kingdom and myself, And brought in matter that should feed this fire; And now 'tis far too huge to be blown out With that same weak wind which enkindled it. You taught me how to know the face of right, Acquainted me with interest to this land, Yea, thrust this enterprise into my heart;

Thesaurus blown: (adj) puffy, panting, swollen, brute; (n) vandal. ANTONYMS: (adj) municipality, buffalo, meshed, winded, inflated, moving, high, borough, burgh, independence, hull, civilized, gentle, nice. haughty lofty, late; (v) puffing and threatening: (adj) ominous, bale. blowing; (n) blowen. pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, forbidding, sinister, minatory, black, enkindled: (adj) ignited, lighted, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, imminent, perilous, impending, kindled, burning; (prep) inflamed. forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, dangerous, grave, sullen. feed: (v) eat, dine, browse, encourage, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: ANTONYMS: (adj) reassuring, nice, board, diet, nourish, fatten; (n, v) (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, approachable, pleasant, promising, nurture, provender; (n) aliment. condemn, convict; (n) intolerance. favorable, friendly, harmless, ANTONYMS: (v) thwart, crave, savage: (adj, v) fierce, wild, furious; hospitable, soothing. (adj) ferocious, brutal, cruel, desire, sap. metropolis: (n) city, capital, town, bloodthirsty, rough, pitiless; (adj, n)

108

King John

And come ye now to tell me John hath made His peace with Rome? What is that peace to me? I, by the honour of my marriage-bed, After young Arthur, claim this land for mine; And, now it is half-conquer'd, must I back Because that John hath made his peace with Rome? Am I Rome's slave? What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent, To underprop this action? Is't not I That undergo this charge? Who else but I, And such as to my claim are liable, Sweat in this business and maintain this war? Have I not heard these islanders shout out, 'Vive le roi!' as I have bank'd their towns? Have I not here the best cards for the game, To will this easy match, play'd for a crown? And shall I now give o'er the yielded set? No, no, on my soul, it never shall be said.% PANDULPH. You look but on the outside of this work. LOUIS. Outside or inside, I will not return Till my attempt so much be glorified As to my ample hope was promised Before I drew this gallant head of war, And cull'd these fiery spirits from the world, To outlook conquest, and to will renown Even in the jaws of danger and of death.-[Trumpet sounds.] What lusty trumpet thus doth summon us? [Enter the BASTARD, attended.]

Thesaurus ample: (adj) abundant, big, broad, jaws: (n) jaw, chops, fauces, chaps, copious, large, plentiful, heavy, mandible, maw, lips, holding device; liberal, roomy, affluent, considerable. (v) mazard. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, meager, munition: (n) arms, supplies, insufficient, scarce, sparse, scant, escarpment, fieldwork, breastwork, cramped, narrow, partial, sketchy, defilade, dugout, escarp, fortification, slender. gunnery, bastion. gallant: (adj) fearless, brave, daring, outlook: (n) aspect, hope, expectancy, courageous, chivalrous, bold, manly, view, angle, attitude; (n, v) heroic, dashing, courteous, fine. expectation, lookout, prospect, ANTONYMS: (adj) boorish, rude, anticipation, landscape. ANTONYMS: (n) past, rear. selfish.

penny: (n) change, coin, centime, copper, groat, subunit, money, mite, doit, small change, denomination. shout: (n, v) cry, clamor, scream, yell, roar, call, bellow, screech; (v) bawl, hollo; (n) cheer. slave: (n) servant, bondman, thrall, bondsman, bondwoman, captive, vassal; (n, v) labor; (v) drudge, work; (adj, n) inferior. ANTONYMS: (adj) free; (v) slack. underprop: (v) support, prop.

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BASTARD. According to the fair play of the world, Let me have audience; I am sent to speak:-My holy lord of Milan, from the king I come, to learn how you have dealt for him; And, as you answer, I do know the scope And warrant limited unto my tongue.% PANDULPH. The Dauphin is too wilful-opposite, And will not temporize with my entreaties; He flatly says he'll not lay down his arms. BASTARD. By all the blood that ever fury breath'd, The youth says well.--Now hear our English king; For thus his royalty doth speak in me. He is prepar'd; and reason too he should: This apish and unmannerly approach, This harness'd masque and unadvised revel This unhair'd sauciness and boyish troops, The king doth smile at; and is well prepar'd To whip this dwarfish war, these pigmy arms, From out the circle of his territories. That hand which had the strength, even at your door, To cudgel you, and make you take the hatch; To dive, like buckets, in concealed wells; To crouch in litter of your stable planks; To lie, like pawns, lock'd up in chests and trunks; To hug with swine; to seek sweet safety out In vaults and prisons; and to thrill and shake Even at the crying of your nation's crow, Thinking this voice an armed Englishman;--

Thesaurus apish: (v) aping, mimicking; (adj) apelike, foppish, foolish, anthropoid, anthropoidal, mock, mannered, imitative. boyish: (adj) young, puerile, adolescent, youthful, babyish, childish, girlish, kittenish, boylike, callow, immature. ANTONYM: (adj) mature. cudgel: (n) bludgeon, truncheon, stick, staff, switch, mace, baton; (v) beat, bat, hit, drub.

dwarfish: (adj) stunted, dwarfed, insolence, gall, cheek, flippancy, short, scrubby, little, tiny, puny, perkiness, archness, cheekiness, midget, miniature, small, petty. effrontery, sauce. masque: (n) masquerade, guiser, temporize: (v) procrastinate, tarry, guisard, masked ball, party, circumvent, draw out, extend, mummery, mummer, interlude, lever temporise, hedge; (adj) gerrymander, de rideau, opera, opera bouffe. double, intrigue, finesse. pigmy: (adj, n) pygmy; (adj) tiny, unmannerly: (adj) impolite, exiguous, petty, minikin, unmannered, uncivil, impertinent, pigwidgeon, urchin, elfin; (n) elf, insolent, ill-mannered, discourteous, manikin, atom. ungracious, rustic, disrespectful, sauciness: (n) pertness, impudence, churlish.

110

King John

Shall that victorious hand be feebled here That in your chambers gave you chastisement? No: know the gallant monarch is in arms And like an eagle o'er his aery towers To souse annoyance that comes near his nest.-And you degenerate, you ingrate revolts, You bloody Neroes, ripping up the womb Of your dear mother England, blush for shame; For your own ladies and pale-visag'd maids, Like Amazons, come tripping after drums,-Their thimbles into armed gauntlets chang'd, Their needles to lances, and their gentle hearts To fierce and bloody inclination.% LOUIS. There end thy brave, and turn thy face in peace; We grant thou canst outscold us: fare thee well; We hold our time too precious to be spent With such a brabbler. PANDULPH. Give me leave to speak. BASTARD. No, I will speak. LOUIS. We will attend to neither.-Strike up the drums; and let the tongue of war, Plead for our interest and our being here. BASTARD. Indeed, your drums, being beaten, will cry out; And so shall you, being beaten: do but start And echo with the clamour of thy drum, And even at hand a drum is ready brac'd

Thesaurus aery: (adj) aerial, airy, visionary, degenerate: (adj) corrupt, debauched, ripping: (adj) splitting, great, terrific, depraved, dissolute; (v) decay, insubstantial, unreal, unsubstantial; glorious, wonderful, exquisite, (n) aerie, eyrie, eyry, eirie, habitation. degrade, relapse, decline, drop, rot; superb, splendid, excellent; (n) tear, blush: (n, v) glow, color; (v) redden, (adj, n) profligate. ANTONYMS: (adj) scarifying. crimson; (n) red, bloom, rosiness, souse: (n, v) soak; (adj, v) plunge, upright, honorable, moral, healthy, ruddiness, redness; (adj) bashful; virtuous, regenerate; (v) develop, immerse; (v) douse, drench, saturate, (adv) blushingly. ANTONYMS: (v) dunk, duck; (n) drunk, sot, flourish, recuperate, uplift, upgrade. blanch, pale, blench; (n) paleness. gauntlets: (n) gauntlet, gantlet. drenching. clamour: (n) clamoring, hue and cry, ingrate: (adj) ungrateful, thankless, tripping: (adj) easy, flowing, clamouring, blare, bedlam, uproar, insensible of benefits, wanting in lightsome, readable, swinging, gratitude, displeasing; (n) thankless vociferation, tumult, hubbub, swingy, nimble, lilting, light, fluent; exclamation; (v) utter. (v) failing. wretch.

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That shall reverberate all as loud as thine: Sound but another, and another shall, As loud as thine, rattle the welkin's ear, And mock the deep-mouth'd thunder: for at hand,-Not trusting to this halting legate here, Whom he hath us'd rather for sport than need,-Is warlike John; and in his forehead sits A bare-ribb'd death, whose office is this day To feast upon whole thousands of the French.% LOUIS. Strike up our drums, to find this danger out. BASTARD. And thou shalt find it, Dauphin, do not doubt. [Exeunt.]

SCENE III. THE SAME. THE FIELD OF BATTLE. [Alarums. Enter KING JOHN and HUBERT.] KING JOHN. How goes the day with us? O, tell me, Hubert. HUBERT. Badly, I fear. How fares your majesty? KING JOHN. This fever that hath troubled me so long Lies heavy on me;--O, my heart is sick! [Enter a MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. My lord, your valiant kinsman, Falconbridge,

Thesaurus drums: (n) drumming. drooping, flagging. ANTONYMS: resound, ring, resonate, sound, fever: (n) malaria, delirium, pyrexia, (adj) easy, firm. boom, recoil, bounce, vibrate, mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) heat, frenzy, feverishness, febricity, repercuss. thousands: (n) myriad, much, many. Bilious typhoid fever, Levant fever, ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; Hectic infantile fever, Typhoid fever. (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, trusting: (adj) credulous, forehead: (n) brow, front, foreland, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, unsuspecting, naive, confident, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, lineament, mut, phiz, physiognomy, confiding, simple, innocent, gullible, visage, eyebrow, skull; (adv) approve. reliant, give, easy to fool. rattle: (n, v) jingle, jangle, clatter; (n) ANTONYMS: (adj) distrustful, foremost. halting: (adj) halt, hesitant, broken, click, clang, clack; (v) bang, confuse, suspicious, doubtful, hesitant, crude, grotesque, barbarous; (adj, v) shake, patter, disconcert. protective, shrewd, disingenuous, lame, crippled; (adv) haltingly; (v) reverberate: (v) rebound, echo, smart, jaded.

112

King John

Desires your majesty to leave the field And send him word by me which way you go.% KING JOHN. Tell him, toward Swinstead, to the abbey there. MESSENGER. Be of good comfort; for the great supply That was expected by the Dauphin here Are wreck'd three nights ago on Goodwin Sands. This news was brought to Richard but even now: The French fight coldly, and retire themselves. KING JOHN. Ay me! this tyrant fever burns me up And will not let me welcome this good news.-Set on toward Swinstead: to my litter straight; Weakness possesseth me, and I am faint. [Exeunt.]

SCENE IV. THE SAME. ANOTHER PART OF THE SAME. [Enter SALISBURY, PEMBROKE, and others.] SALISBURY. I did not think the king so stor'd with friends. PEMBROKE. Up once again; put spirit in the French; If they miscarry, we miscarry too. SALISBURY. That misbegotten devil, Falconbridge, In spite of spite, alone upholds the day.

Thesaurus burns: (n) George Burns, Nathan Birnbaum, Robert Burns. coldly: (adv) frigidly, icily, coolly, indifferently, frostily, distantly, gelidly, reservedly, bleakly, wintrily, frozenly. ANTONYMS: (adv) warmly, affectionately, sympathetically, sensitively, kindly, cheerfully, emotionally. litter: (adj, n) brood, jumble; (n) bedding, stretcher, waste, refuse, junk, trash, mess; (n, v) clutter; (adj)

disarray. ANTONYMS: (v) clean; (n) leave, abdicate, ebb, depart, turn in, space. fall back, hit the hay, go to bed. misbegotten: (adj, prep) misbegot; (adj) ANTONYMS: (v) remain, enter. toward: (prep) to, towards, illegitimate, spurious, bastardly, deformed, fake, fraudulent, approaching, headed for, just before, inauthentic, bogus; (v) miscreated, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. misshapen. miscarry: (v) fail, founder, abort, fall, ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away. flop, break down, go wrong, backfire, tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, fall through, miss, lose. autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, nights: (adj) nightly; (n) night. authoritarian, sovereign, czar, retire: (v) resign, retreat, withdraw, monarch, suzerain, stickler.

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PEMBROKE. They say King John, sore sick, hath left the field.% [Enter MELUN wounded, and led by Soldiers.] MELUN. Lead me to the revolts of England here. SALISBURY. When we were happy we had other names. PEMBROKE. It is the Count Melun. SALISBURY. Wounded to death. MELUN. Fly, noble English, you are bought and sold; Unthread the rude eye of rebellion, And welcome home again discarded faith. Seek out King John, and fall before his feet; For if the French be lords of this loud day, He means to recompense the pains you take By cutting off your heads: thus hath he sworn, And I with him, and many more with me, Upon the altar at Saint Edmunds-bury; Even on that altar where we swore to you Dear amity and everlasting love. SALISBURY. May this be possible? may this be true? MELUN. Have I not hideous death within my view, Retaining but a quantity of life, Which bleeds away even as a form of wax Resolveth from his figure 'gainst the fire?

Thesaurus altar: (n) shrine, Communion table, sanctuary, table, structure, sanctum sanctorum, sacristy, construction, examination hall, holy of Holies. discarded: (adj) waste, junked, scrap, unwanted, unnecessary, useless, throwaway, surplus, superfluous, unused, obsolete. loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful,

gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low, muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) softly. quantity: (n) amount, quantum, extent, measure, sum, multitude, total, portion, heap, degree, deal. recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse. ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive;

(n) penalty. sore: (adj, n, v) hurt; (adj) sensitive, angry, grievous, raw; (n) injury, lesion, cut, boil; (v) acute; (adj, v) sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, healthy, pleased, comfortable. wounded: (adj, v) hurt; (n) casualty, maimed; (adj) bruised, injured, bloody, aggrieved, saddened; (v) stricken, wound, struck. ANTONYM: (adj) unaffected.

114

King John

What in the world should make me now deceive, Since I must lose the use of all deceit? Why should I then be false, since it is true That I must die here, and live hence by truth? I say again, if Louis do will the day, He is forsworn if e'er those eyes of yours Behold another day break in the east: But even this night,--whose black contagious breath Already smokes about the burning crest Of the old, feeble, and day-wearied sun,-Even this ill night, your breathing shall expire; Paying the fine of rated treachery Even with a treacherous fine of all your lives, If Louis by your assistance win the day. Commend me to one Hubert, with your king; The love of him,--and this respect besides, For that my grandsire was an Englishman,-Awakes my conscience to confess all this. In lieu whereof, I pray you, bear me hence From forth the noise and rumour of the field, Where I may think the remnant of my thoughts In peace, and part this body and my soul With contemplation and devout desires.% SALISBURY. We do believe thee:--and beshrew my soul But I do love the favour and the form Of this most fair occasion, by the which We will untread the steps of damned flight; And like a bated and retired flood, Leaving our rankness and irregular course, Stoop low within those bounds we have o'erlook'd, And calmly run on in obedience

Thesaurus bated: (adj) weak, faint, decreased. beshrew: (v) curse, damn, imprecate, bedamn, anathemize, anathematize, execrate, maledict; (adj) shrew. ANTONYM: (v) bless. contagious: (adj) catching, communicable, pestiferous, transmissible, epidemic, transmittable, poisonous, spreading, pestilent; (n) infection; (v) infect. ANTONYMS: (adj) noncontagious, noninfectious.

contemplation: (n) consideration, reflection, thought, attention, cogitation, musing, introspection, speculation, animus, deliberation; (n, v) study. devout: (adj) pious, devoted, saintly, heartfelt, holy, dear, devotional, hearty, earnest; (adj, v) pure; (adj, n) godly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, agnostic, impious, irreverent, unbelieving, undevout, unholy, atheistic, secular, uncommitted.

grandsire: (n) grandfather, ancestor. lieu: (n) office, position, locality, stead, behalf, part, role, berth, station, site, seat. rankness: (n) foulness, malodourousness, overgrowth, scent, smell, exuberance, odour, odor, body odor, plenty, profusion. remnant: (n) end, relic, remains, residue, fragment, leftover, survival, trace, oddment, balance, stub. untread: (v) retrace.

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Even to our ocean, to our great King John.-My arm shall give thee help to bear thee hence; For I do see the cruel pangs of death Right in thine eye.--Away, my friends! New flight, And happy newness, that intends old right.% [Exeunt, leading off MELUN.]

SCENE V. THE SAME. THE FRENCH CAMP. [Enter LEWIS and his train.] LOUIS. The sun of heaven, methought, was loath to set, But stay'd, and made the western welkin blush, When the English measur'd backward their own ground In faint retire. O, bravely came we off, When with a volley of our needless shot, After such bloody toil, we bid good night; And wound our tattrring colours clearly up, Last in the field, and almost lords of it! [Enter a MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. Where is my prince, the Dauphin? LOUIS. Here:--what news? MESSENGER. The Count Melun is slain; the English lords By his persuasion are again falln off:

Thesaurus backward: (adj, adv) late, behindhand; execrably, nervously. (adj) tardy, retarded, reluctant, coy, loath: (adj) unwilling, disinclined, slow, laggard, dilatory; (adv) behind, reluctant, loth, indisposed, backward, backwardly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) hesitant, antipathetic, antipathetical, ahead; (adv) onward; (adj) quick, loathe, shy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) developing, advanced, confident, eager, willing, disposed, keen. newness: (n) freshness, recency, brilliant, bold. bravely: (adv) courageously, fearlessly, originality, innovation, inexperience, valiantly, boldly, intrepidly, new, uniqueness, age, novity, dauntlessly, gallantly, audaciously, recentness, new state. ANTONYMS: (n) mustiness, oldness. undauntedly, heroically, doughtily. ANTONYMS: (adv) timidly, fearfully, pangs: (n) anguish, compunction,

contrition, distress. slain: (v) slay; (adj) overthrown, mat, fallen, dejected, cast down. volley: (n, v) hail, firing, blast, explosion; (adj, n, v) burst, discharge; (n) fusillade, shower, storm, barrage, fire. welkin: (n) sphere, empyrean, firmament, heavens, sky, vault of heaven, celestial sphere, heaven, orbit, sphere of influence, surface.

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And your supply, which you have wish'd so long, Are cast away and sunk on Goodwin Sands.% LOUIS. Ah, foul shrewd news!--beshrew thy very heart!-I did not think to be so sad to-night As this hath made me.--Who was he that said King John did fly an hour or two before The stumbling night did part our weary powers? MESSENGER. Whoever spoke it, it is true, my lord. LOUIS. Keep good quarter and good care to-night; The day shall not be up so soon as I, To try the fair adventure of to-morrow. [Exeunt.]

SCENE VI. AN OPEN PLACE IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF SWINSTEAD ABBEY. [Enter the BASTARD and HUBERT, meeting.] HUBERT. Who's there? speak, ho! speak quickly, or I shoot. BASTARD. A friend.--What art thou? HUBERT. Of the part of England. BASTARD. Whither dost thou go?

Thesaurus adventure: (n, v) venture, chance; (n) hesitation. ANTONYM: (adj) firm. v) sagacious, knowing, crafty, prudent. ANTONYMS: (adj) foolish, sunk: (adj) sunken, undone, finished, accident, escapade, incident, event, undertaking, consequence, essay; (v) gullible, naive, soft, candid, dim, ruined, profound, immersed, risk, jeopardize. ANTONYMS: (n) damaged, lowed, lying flat; (v) cut innocent, guileless, obtuse, stillness, passiveness, inactivity, indiscriminate. up, dashed. spoke: (n) bar, rung, radius, rule, shoe, weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, inaction, avoidance, inertia, bore. shoot: (v) discharge, flash, drive, dart, skid, rundle, line, clog, round; (v) tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, dash, send, photograph; (n) scion, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) said. branch; (n, v) sprout, hunt. stumbling: (adj) lurching, astounding, jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) ANTONYM: (v) trickle. hesitant, halting, awkward, energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, shrewd: (adj) sharp, astute, keen, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, astonishing, maladroit, clumsy, piercing, clever, cunning, bright; (adj, weaving; (adv) stumblingly; (n) enliven, energize, activate, rally.

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HUBERT. What's that to thee? Why may I not demand Of thine affairs, as well as thou of mine? BASTARD. Hubert, I think.% HUBERT. Thou hast a perfect thought: I will, upon all hazards, well believe Thou art my friend that know'st my tongue so well. Who art thou? BASTARD. Who thou wilt: and if thou please, Thou mayst befriend me so much as to think I come one way of the Plantagenets. HUBERT. Unkind remembrance! thou and eyeless night Have done me shame:--brave soldier, pardon me, That any accent breaking from thy tongue Should scape the true acquaintance of mine ear. BASTARD. Come, come; sans compliment, what news abroad? HUBERT. Why, here walk I, in the black brow of night, To find you out. BASTARD. Brief, then; and what's the news? HUBERT. O, my sweet sir, news fitting to the night, Black, fearful, comfortless, and horrible.

Thesaurus acquaintance: (n) connection, friend, comfortless: (adj) dreary, desolate, acquaintanceship, mate, awareness, bleak, uncomfortable, inconsolable, gloomy, lonely; (adj, v) disconsolate, associate, buddy, friendship, intercourse, companion; (n, v) forlorn; (v) joyless, sick at heart. knowledge. ANTONYMS: (n) compliment: (n, v) praise, honor; (v) ignorance, inexperience, laud, flattery, applaud, greet, adulation, congratulate, belaud; (n) unfamiliarity, animosity, enemy. befriend: (v) friend, help, assist, eulogy, tribute. ANTONYMS: (n) sustain, promote, patronize, back, criticism, reproach, disparagement; uphold; (n, v) favor; (adj) friendly; (n) (n, v) slander, libel; (v) criticize, take in hand. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, denounce, disparage, denigrate, ignore, neglect, reject. complain, belittle.

eyeless: (adj) sightless, visionless, unsighted, unseeing, blinder. remembrance: (n, v) recollection, mind; (n) commemoration, memorial, recall, relic, monument, keepsake, reminiscence, recognition; (adj, n) memento. sans: (adj) without, devoid, minus, short, in need. scape: (n) flower stalk, peduncle, shaft, scapus, ray, perspective, Peter, prick, prospect, barb, rotating shaft.

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BASTARD. Show me the very wound of this ill news; I am no woman, I'll not swoon at it.% HUBERT. The king, I fear, is poison'd by a monk: I left him almost speechless and broke out To acquaint you with this evil, that you might The better arm you to the sudden time, Than if you had at leisure known of this. BASTARD. How did he take it; who did taste to him? HUBERT. A monk, I tell you; a resolved villain, Whose bowels suddenly burst out: the king Yet speaks, and peradventure may recover. BASTARD. Who didst thou leave to tend his majesty? HUBERT. Why, know you not? The lords are all come back, And brought Prince Henry in their company; At whose request the king hath pardon'd them, And they are all about his majesty. BASTARD. Withhold thine indignation, mighty heaven, And tempt us not to bear above our power!-I'll tell thee, Hubert, half my power this night, Passing these flats, are taken by the tide,-These Lincoln washes have devoured them; Myself, well-mounted, hardly have escap'd.

Thesaurus acquaint: (v) inform, familiarize, tell, (adj) kindhearted, righteous, benign, advise, present, introduce, warn, moral, pure, upright, virtuous, bring out, report, accustom, sinless. communicate. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, flats: (n) apartment building, scene, mislead, misrepresent, withhold, stage setting, desert. monk: (n) monastic, hermit, priest, falsify, conceal. devoured: (adj) eaten up. conventual, Buddhist, brother, evil: (adj) bad, criminal, corrupt, cenobite, monkly, friar, abbot, wicked, destructive, depraved; (adj, monkey. n) ill, detriment; (n) adversity, peradventure: (adv) perchance, disaster, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) perhaps, possibly, mayhap, by goodness, righteousness, morality; chance, haply, fortunately, gracefully,

felicitously; (n) chance; (conj) if. speechless: (adj) silent, mute, dumb, dumbfounded, voiceless, quiet, tongueless, tacit, noiseless, mum, wordless. ANTONYMS: (adj) loquacious, eloquent, talkative. swoon: (adj, n, v) faint; (adj, n) collapse; (n) fainting, syncope, prostration, deliquium; (v) conk, black out, pass out, die; (adj) puff.

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Away, before! conduct me to the king; I doubt he will be dead or ere I come.% [Exeunt.]

SCENE VII. THE ORCHARD OF SWINSTEAD ABBEY. [Enter PRINCE HENRY, SALISBURY, and BIGOT.] PRINCE HENRY. It is too late: the life of all his blood Is touch'd corruptibly, and his pure brain,-Which some suppose the soul's frail dwelling-house,-Doth, by the idle comments that it makes, Foretell the ending of mortality. [Enter PEMBROKE.] PEMBROKE. His Highness yet doth speak; and holds belief That, being brought into the open air, It would allay the burning quality Of that fell poison which assaileth him. PRINCE HENRY. Let him be brought into the orchard here.-Doth he still rage? [Exit BIGOT.] PEMBROKE. He is more patient Than when you left him; even now he sung. PRINCE HENRY. O vanity of sickness! fierce extremes

Thesaurus extremes: (n) excess; (adv) overboard. poison: (adj, v) contaminate, taint; (n, malady, disorder, distemper, ailment; frail: (adj, v) weak, feeble; (adj) fragile, v) envenom, drug, empoison; (adj) (n) complaint, qualm, nausea, toxic, poisonous; (v) defile, intoxicate; disgust, queasiness. flimsy, delicate, breakable, rickety, slender, light, slim; (v) faint. (n) bane, venom. ANTONYMS: (n) vanity: (n) egotism, pride, emptiness, ANTONYMS: (adj) substantial, cure; (v) clean. arrogance, futility, inanity, vainglory, rage: (adj, n, v) fume, bluster; (adj, n) robust, tough, fit, healthy, hearty, conceitedness, pretension, wrath, indignation, frenzy, mania; (n) pomposity; (adj, n) amour propre. perfect, weighty, well, capable, ANTONYMS: (n) selflessness, sturdy. passion, anger, craze, exasperation; orchard: (n) park, garden, plantation, (n, v) storm. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, importance, value, arboretum, avenue, pinetum, gentleness, composure, calm, effectiveness. shrubbery, woodlet, parterre, pinery, equanimity, pleasure, serenity. sickness: (n, v) disease, indisposition, copse.

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In their continuance will not feel themselves. Death, having prey'd upon the outward parts, Leaves them invisible; and his siege is now Against the mind, the which he pricks and wounds With many legions of strange fantasies, Which, in their throng and press to that last hold, Confound themselves. 'Tis strange that death should sing.-I am the cygnet to this pale faint swan, Who chants a doleful hymn to his own death; And from the organ-pipe of frailty sings His soul and body to their lasting rest.% SALISBURY. Be of good comfort, prince; for you are born To set a form upon that indigest Which he hath left so shapeless and so rude. [Re-enter BIGOT and ATTENDANTS, who bring in KING JOHN in a chair.] KING JOHN. Ay, marry, now my soul hath elbow-room; It would not out at windows nor at doors. There is so hot a summer in my bosom That all my bowels crumble up to dust; I am a scribbled form, drawn with a pen, Upon a parchment; and against this fire Do I shrink up. PRINCE HENRY. How fares your majesty? KING JOHN. Poison'd,--ill-fare;--dead, forsook, cast off; And none of you will bid the winter come, To thrust his icy fingers in my maw; Nor let my kingdom's rivers take their course

Thesaurus continuance: (n) duration, abidance, aberdevine, cushat, wood pigeon, stamina, hardiness, hardihood, existence, endurance, protraction, siskin, ringdove. sturdiness, robustness, health. doleful: (adj) mournful, sorrowful, scribbled: (adj) hard to decipher, adjournment, resumption, prolongation, time, standing, sad, disconsolate, melancholy, illegible, indecipherable, impossible perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n) miserable, piteous, dolorous, somber, to read, unreadable, woeful; (adj, v) dolesome. discontinuation, destruction. incomprehensible. crumble: (v) decay, shatter, perish, ANTONYMS: (adj) gleeful, happy, shapeless: (adj) amorphous, crush, fragment, decompose, fall glad, cheery, elated, euphoric. misshapen, unformed, unstructured, frailty: (adj, n) foible, fragility, apart, disintegrate, break down, nebulous, inchoate, unshapely, collapse; (adj, v) crack. ANTONYMS: weakness, fault, defect, imperfection, indistinct, uncrystallized, embryonic, (v) build, resist. failing, deficiency; (n) feebleness, vague. ANTONYMS: (adj) distinct, cygnet: (n) swan, Dendrocygna, frailness, infirmity. ANTONYMS: (n) defined, tailored.

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Through my burn'd bosom; nor entreat the north To make his bleak winds kiss my parched lips, And comfort me with cold:--I do not ask you much; I beg cold comfort; and you are so strait, And so ingrateful, you deny me that.% PRINCE HENRY. O, that there were some virtue in my tears, That might relieve you! KING JOHN. The salt in them is hot.-Within me is a hell; and there the poison Is, as a fiend, confin'd to tyrannize On unreprievable condemned blood. [Enter the BASTARD.] BASTARD. O, I am scalded with my violent motion And spleen of speed to see your majesty! KING JOHN. O cousin, thou art come to set mine eye: The tackle of my heart is crack'd and burn'd; And all the shrouds, wherewith my life should sail, Are turned to one thread, one little hair: My heart hath one poor string to stay it by, Which holds but till thy news be uttered; And then all this thou seest is but a clod, And module of confounded royalty. BASTARD. The Dauphin is preparing hitherward, Where heaven he knows how we shall answer him; For in a night the best part of my power,

Thesaurus bleak: (adj) austere, bare, barren, cold, dreary, murky, black, desolate, raw, bald, bitter. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, lush, sunny, hopeful, encouraging, cheery, bright, sheltered, soulful, cozy, populated. confounded: (adj) bemused, accursed, execrable, baffled, cursed, befuddled, confused, puzzled, aghast, perplexed; (adj, v) abashed. entreat: (v) beg, beseech, ask, implore, pray, adjure, appeal, request, conjure,

crave, bid. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, (v) burden, aggravate, exacerbate, reject. harbor, enforce, include, upset, ingrateful: (adj) ungrateful, depress. scalded: (adj) scorched, overcooked, disagreeable. parched: (adj, n) thirsty; (adj) arid, burnt. ANTONYM: (adj) underdone. thread: (n) screw thread, yarn, rope, adust, torrid, barren, desiccated, wire, twine, ligature; (adj, n, v) line, dehydrated, scorched, baked, file; (n, v) string together; (adj, v) withered, shriveled. ANTONYMS: (adj) quenched, humid. range; (v) penetrate. relieve: (n, v) ease, assuage, mitigate, wherewith: (adv) therewith, herewith. alleviate, allay, calm, redress; (v) free, help, console, excuse. ANTONYMS:

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As I upon advantage did remove, Were in the washes all unwarily Devoured by the unexpected flood.% [The KING dies.] SALISBURY. You breathe these dead news in as dead an ear. My liege! my lord!--But now a king,--now thus. PRINCE HENRY. Even so must I run on, and even so stop. What surety of the world, what hope, what stay, When this was now a king, and now is clay? BASTARD. Art thou gone so? I do but stay behind To do the office for thee of revenge, And then my soul shall wait on thee to heaven, As it on earth hath been thy servant still.-Now, now, you stars that move in your right spheres, Where be your powers? Show now your mended faiths; And instantly return with me again, To push destruction and perpetual shame Out of the weak door of our fainting land. Straight let us seek, or straight we shall be sought; The Dauphin rages at our very heels. SALISBURY. It seems you know not, then, so much as we: The Cardinal Pandulph is within at rest, Who half an hour since came from the Dauphin, And brings from him such offers of our peace As we with honour and respect may take, With purpose presently to leave this war.

Thesaurus clay: (n) soil, remains, adobe, loam, dust, dirt, mud, bentonite, ashes; (adj, n) pottery; (adj) earthen. fainting: (n) swoon, syncope, deliquium, lipothymy, prostration, stupor; (adj) lipothymic. instantly: (adv, n) directly; (adj, adv) immediately, at once; (adv) instantaneously, promptly, forthwith, now, readily, quickly, momently, momentarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, slowly, gradually.

perpetual: (adj) incessant, continual, constant, endless, eternal, everlasting, lasting, ceaseless, immortal, continuous, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, intermittent, transitory, mortal, unstable, finite, inconstant, occasional, sporadic. presently: (adv) instantly, directly, currently, before long, shortly, soon, now, at present, readily, just, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, now, formerly.

seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt, endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant. unexpected: (adj) sudden, abrupt, casual, unforeseen, unanticipated, accidental, strange, unsuspected; (adj, v) unlooked for, unpredicted; (n) surprise. ANTONYMS: (adj) expected, gradual, normal, commonplace, protracted, ordinary, typical, customary.

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BASTARD. He will the rather do it when he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defence.% SALISBURY. Nay, 'tis in a manner done already; For many carriages he hath despatch'd To the sea-side, and put his cause and quarrel To the disposing of the cardinal: With whom yourself, myself, and other lords, If you think meet, this afternoon will post To consummate this business happily. BASTARD. Let it be so:--And you, my noble prince, With other princes that may best be spar'd, Shall wait upon your father's funeral. PRINCE HENRY. At Worcester must his body be interr'd; For so he will'd it. BASTARD. Thither shall it, then: And happily may your sweet self put on The lineal state and glory of the land! To whom, with all submission, on my knee, I do bequeath my faithful services And true subjection everlastingly. SALISBURY. And the like tender of our love we make, To rest without a spot for evermore.

Thesaurus bequeath: (n, v) will; (v) leave, give, deficient, amateurish, untrained, abysmal, inept; (v) start, initiate, pass on, demise, entrust, endow, devise, transmit, remember, donate. begin. ANTONYMS: (v) disown, withdraw, disposing: (adv) disposingly; (v) dispose; (adj) decretive, dispositive; take. carriages: (n) carriage. (n) distribution. consummate: (adj, v) perfect; (n, v) everlastingly: (adv) perpetually, conclude, crown; (v) accomplish, always, lastingly, continually, achieve, execute; (adj) accomplished, endlessly, unendingly, incessantly, absolute, profound, matchless, permanently, constantly, undyingly; masterful. ANTONYMS: (adj) (adj, adv) forever. evermore: (adj, adv) always, forever, inadequate, mediocre, incomplete,

ever; (adv) everlastingly, forevermore, perpetually, ever and again, for all time, until the end of time. ANTONYMS: (adv) temporarily, suddenly. self: (n) ego, person, me, individual, being; (pron) myself, herself, itself; (adj) same; (v) own; (adv) personally. subjection: (n) conquest, oppression, captivity, bondage, confinement, servitude, dependence, enslavement, slavery, repression, subjugation.

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PRINCE HENRY. I have a kind soul that would give you thanks, And knows not how to do it but with tears.% BASTARD. O, let us pay the time but needful woe, Since it hath been beforehand with our griefs.-This England never did, nor never shall, Lie at the proud foot of a conqueror, But when it first did help to wound itself. Now these her princes are come home again, Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them: nought shall make us rue, If England to itself do rest but true. [Exeunt.]

Thesaurus beforehand: (adv) previously, ahead, in advance, in anticipation, first; (adj, adv) early, aforehand; (adj) advance, already, afore; (n) prior. ANTONYMS: (adv) afterwards, afterward, later, late, subsequently. corners: (adj) cornered. foot: (n) base, feet, foundation, footing, pes, paw, basis, leg, measure; (v) hoof, pay. ANTONYMS: (v) owe; (n) head. needful: (adj) necessary, essential,

indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar. proud: (adj) lofty, disdainful, haughty, exalted, egotistical, gallant, pompous, lordly, majestic, overbearing; (adj, v) dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, sorrowful, disappointed, miserable. shock: (n, v) daze, jar, collision,

surprise, outrage, shake, scare; (n) impact; (v) startle, offend, revolt. ANTONYMS: (n, v) delight; (v) please, encourage; (n) boost, security, bonus. wound: (n, v) bruise, cut, harm, pain, damage, scratch, stab, sting; (n) injury; (v) offend, injure. ANTONYMS: (v) heal, appease, aid, cure, repair.

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GLOSSARY abbey: (n) monastery, convent, church, priory, nunnery, friary, clergyman abhor: (v) hate, detest, abominate, execrate, despise, dislike, nauseate, disdain, scorn, resent, dread. ANTONYMS: (v) adore, approve, like, cherish, embrace, relish, treasure, admire above: (adv, prep) beyond, aloft, on, in excess of; (adv) up, supra, on top; (adj) preceding, former; (adj, prep) past; (prep) surpassing. ANTONYMS: (prep) beneath, under, deficient, underneath; (adj) inferior, following abroad: (adj, adv) overseas, away; (adv) afield, forth, beyond seas, yonder, farther, at large, further; (adj) foreign, out. ANTONYMS: (adj) remaining, nearby absence: (n) absenteeism, deficiency, lack, default, dearth, want, nonattendance, scarcity, paucity, shortage, privation. ANTONYMS: (n) attendance, existence, fulfillment, inclusion, occurrence, abundance, glut, confirmation, supply, excess absent: (adj) wanting, inattentive, not present, preoccupied, lost, missing, faraway, nonexistent, absentminded, out; (adj, adv) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) alert, attendant, attending, existing, here, real, attentive; (adv) in, visible abstract: (adj) theoretical; (n) abridgement, epitome, summary, abridgment, precis; (v) abridge, filch, purloin; (n, v) digest, extract. ANTONYMS: (adj) concrete, real, literal, material, physical, specific, objective; (v) expand, lengthen, strengthen, insert abundance: (adj) plenty; (n) plenitude, store, richness, profusion, amplitude, exuberance, affluence,

treasure, enough; (adj, n) riches. ANTONYMS: (n) scarcity, shortage, insufficiency, lack, aridity, scarceness, paucity, emptiness, fruitlessness, bareness accent: (v) emphasize, emphasise, punctuate, accentuate; (n) dialect, emphasis, idiom, importance, speech, articulation, pronunciation. ANTONYMS: (v) attenuate, downplay, hide, ignore, lessen, minimize, slight accordingly: (adv) therefore, thus, so, then, ergo, as a result, correspondingly, according, appropriately, as a consequence, properly. ANTONYM: (adv) unsuitable account: (n) narrative, score, tale, reckoning, narration, description, tally, tab, reason; (n, v) regard, report accounts: (n) financial statement acquaint: (v) inform, familiarize, tell, advise, present, introduce, warn, bring out, report, accustom, communicate. ANTONYMS: (v) hide, mislead, misrepresent, withhold, falsify, conceal acquaintance: (n) connection, friend, acquaintanceship, mate, awareness, associate, buddy, friendship, intercourse, companion; (n, v) knowledge. ANTONYMS: (n) ignorance, inexperience, unfamiliarity, animosity, enemy action: (n, v) achievement, deed; (n) battle, play, performance, movement, accomplishment, agency, activity, fight, effect. ANTONYMS: (n) inaction, inactivity, inactiveness, ambush, stillness actions: (n) proceedings, behaviour, deeds, deportment, background, behavior, events, activities acts: (n) Acts of the Apostles,

revelations, Epistles, apocalypse, act, advanced communications technology satellite, evangelists, gospels addition: (n) accession, accessory, increase, extension, addendum, accretion, attachment, appendage, annex, extra; (n, prep) accumulation. ANTONYMS: (n) removal, estimation, deduction, exclusion, decline, erosion, loss, setback adieu: (int, n) farewell; (n) vale, valediction, goodbye, leave, cheerio, adios, bye, so long, parting; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYM: (n) greeting adjunct: (n) addendum, addition, appendage, extra, attachment, adjutant, increment, coadjutor; (adj, n) assistant; (adj) auxiliary, appurtenant. ANTONYMS: (n) lessening, detriment admit: (n, v) allow; (adj, v) acknowledge; (v) concede, accede, grant, affirm, confess, include, permit, take, welcome. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, exclude, bar, dispute, gainsay, withhold, refuse, oust, hide, eject, dismiss advanced: (adj) progressive, senior, higher, precocious, modern, new, late, superior, ripe, cultured, developed. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, fundamental, slow, traditional, simple, obsolete, neurotic, behind, after, backwards, incomplete advantage: (n) privilege, behalf, profit, good, preponderance, account, lead, virtue, expediency, perk; (n, v) boot. ANTONYMS: (n, v) disadvantage; (n) drawback, difficulty, detriment, hindrance, minus, restriction, obstacle, loss, inferiority, inconvenience adventure: (n, v) venture, chance; (n) accident, escapade, incident, event, undertaking, consequence, essay; (v)

126 risk, jeopardize. ANTONYMS: (n) stillness, passiveness, inactivity, inaction, avoidance, inertia, bore adverse: (adj) unfavorable, contrary, untoward, hostile, harmful, adversary, repugnant, counter, pernicious, noisome; (adj, n) opposite. ANTONYMS: (adj) helpful, fortunate, aiding, beneficial, positive, advantageous, agreeable, desirable, pleasant, harmless advice: (n) warning, counsel, caution, report, exhortation, council, tidings, counselling, notice, intelligence, instruction. ANTONYMS: (n) misrepresentation, deceit, deception, lie, falsehood, betrayal, warning aery: (adj) aerial, airy, visionary, insubstantial, unreal, unsubstantial; (n) aerie, eyrie, eyry, eirie, habitation affairs: (n) dealings, concern, circumstances, transaction, occupation, duty, matters, matter, personal business, gear, finances affections: (n) bosom afflicted: (adj) miserable, distressed, stricken, pitiful, sorrowful, ill, woeful, dejected, sorry; (v) afflict, displeased affliction: (n, v) adversity; (n) distress, regret, martyrdom, torment, curse, trial, bane, misadventure, sorrow, agony. ANTONYMS: (n) gift, godsend, solace, blessing affright: (v) frighten, scare, horrify, startle, terrorize, terrify, intimidate; (n) dread, alarm, fear; (n, v) fright afraid: (adj) fearful, timid, shy, apprehensive, anxious, worried, scared, frightened, nervous, terrified; (adj, adv) cowardly. ANTONYMS: (adj) brave, venturesome, calm, confident, cool, courageous, eager, unafraid, valiant, bold, carefree afternoon: (n) Pm, farewell, greeting, P, salutation, in the afternoon, daytime, noon, postmeridian, midday, daylight. ANTONYMS: (n) morning, nighttime afterwards: (adv) afterward, subsequently, later, thereafter, later on, next, behind, thereupon; (adj) following, subsequent; (n) termination again: (adv) more, then, repeatedly, anew, encore, furthermore, yet, also, often, once again, once more against: (adj, adv) counter; (prep) toward, versus, from; (pref) by; (v) oppose; (adv, prep) on; (n)

King John opposition; (adj) unwilling, repugnant; (adv) athwart. ANTONYMS: (prep) for; (adj) eager agent: (n, v) broker, actor; (n) medium, deputy, mediator, instrument, factor, surrogate, attorney, channel, procurator. ANTONYMS: (n) principal, patriot airy: (adj) light, windy, aery, aerial, ethereal, insubstantial, sprightly, perky, volatile, aeriform, aired. ANTONYMS: (adj) airless, hot, massive, wooden, weighty, substantial, stifling, sluggish, ponderous, musty, lumbering albeit: (conj) though, even though, Albee, albe, all; (adv) whilst, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, but; (n) while alcides: (n) Heracles, Herakles, Hercules alike: (adj) corresponding, equal, equivalent, cognate, analogical, parallel, analogous, identical, similar, the same, duplicate. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, dissimilar, contrasting, unalike, disparate, unlike, opposite; (adv) differently, unequally, unevenly alive: (adj) live, vivacious, living, sensible, delicate, snappy, animated, lively, spry, responsive; (n) life. ANTONYMS: (adj) deceased, inanimate, unanimated, dispirited, dull, inactive, lethargic, lifeless, listless, nonfunctioning, sluggish allay: (n, v) ease; (adj, v) still, quell, lay, appease, quiet; (v) abate, mitigate, moderate, quench, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (v) arouse, excite, heighten, intensify, magnify, provoke, stir, exacerbate, aggravate allegiance: (n) adherence, dedication, devotion, faith, troth, faithfulness, commitment, fidelity, homage, constancy, fealty. ANTONYMS: (n) sedition, treason, betrayal, disobedience, enmity, treachery, indifference almost: (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) nearly, all but, near, nigh; (adv, prep) just about, approximately; (adv) just, mostly, virtually, most. ANTONYMS: (adv) surely, exactly, definitely, certainly alone: (adj) forlorn, individual, lonely, lonesome; (adj, adv) only, apart; (adv) solely, entirely, exclusively, separately, individually. ANTONYMS: (adj) overshadowed, ordinary, mobbed, equaled, crowded, accompanied, common,

grouped, surpassed; (adv) jointly; (n) foe along: (adv) ahead, alongside, forwards, forth, throughout, lengthwise, onward, before; (prep) beside, from; (n) at. ANTONYMS: (adv) across, separate, apart, far alps: (n) mountain range altar: (n) shrine, Communion table, sanctuary, table, structure, sanctum sanctorum, sacristy, construction, examination hall, holy of Holies alter: (v) change, adapt, move, convert, adjust, amend, affect, transform, correct, vary, shift. ANTONYMS: (v) continue, keep, leave, preserve, worsen, retain, standardize, straighten, clarify although: (adv, prep) notwithstanding; (prep) in spite of, even though, however; (adv, conj) though; (conj) whereas; (adv) even, tho, when, anyway, tho' amazed: (adj) astounded, astonished, stunned, dumbfounded, flabbergasted, shocked, staggered, bewildered, surprised, thunderstruck, aghast amazement: (n) admiration, wonder, surprise, consternation, stupefaction, stupor, wonderment, feeling, alarm, jolt; (v) amaze. ANTONYMS: (n) preparation, indifference, expectation, coolness, cool, composure, calmness, contempt, belief ambassador: (n) emissary, minister, messenger, envoy, agent, delegate, representative, embassador, herald, ambassadress, deputy ambitious: (adj) eager, difficult, energetic, competitive, desirous, grandiose, enterprising, pushy, challenging; (adj, v) aspiring, vaulting. ANTONYMS: (adj) fulfilled, undemanding, unambitious, slothful, simple, satisfied, lazy, humble, facile, easy, content amends: (n) atonement, compensation, recompense, satisfaction, redress, damages, reprisal, indemnity, requital; (n, v) restitution, restoration amiable: (adj) friendly, genial, agreeable, benign, complaisant, sweet, cordial, pleasant, likable, nice, lovely. ANTONYMS: (adj) disagreeable, argumentative, aggressive, antisocial, unkind, hateful, mean, quarrelsome, rude, surly, cold

William Shakespeare amiss: (adj, adv) wrong; (adj) bad, haywire, faulty, astray, guilty; (adv) badly, poorly, awry, wrongly, adrift. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) right; (adv) perfectly, properly, suitably, appropriately, correctly, well; (adj) okay, correct, good amity: (n) friendship, concord, companionship, benevolence, peace, harmony, friendliness, brotherhood, fellowship, sympathy, camaraderie. ANTONYMS: (n) hostility, discord, antagonism, war, animosity among: (prep) between, amidst, mid, in, amongst, in the middle of, inter, in the midst of, with, within, middle. ANTONYM: (prep) outside ample: (adj) abundant, big, broad, copious, large, plentiful, heavy, liberal, roomy, affluent, considerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, meager, insufficient, scarce, sparse, scant, cramped, narrow, partial, sketchy, slender ancient: (adj) old, obsolete, antiquated, former, past, archaic, antique, primitive, bygone, hoary; (adj, n) elder. ANTONYMS: (adj) contemporary, young, recent, fresh, new, present, youthful, current angel: (n, v) sponsor, support; (n) backer, cherub, messenger, patron, benefactor, saint; (adj) Dulcinea, goddess; (adj, n) darling. ANTONYMS: (n) fiend, devil, jerk, demon angry: (adj) anger, furious, provoked, incensed, vehement, fierce, irate, raging, maddened, shirty, indignation. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, gentle, joyful, content, euphoric, mild, happy, resigned, joyous, gleeful, quiet annoyance: (n) anger, harassment, aggravation, disturbance, inconvenience, pain, bother, botheration, temper, displeasure, vexation. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, satisfaction, patience, calmness, delight, equanimity, advantage, balm anointed: (adj) hallowed, divine, greasy; (v) anoint anon: (adv) directly, immediately, early, readily, soon, instantly, again, forthwith, promptly, shortly, rath another: (adj) second, more, alternative, additional, new, further, fresh, extra; (adj, v) other; (adj, pron) some other; (n) the other. ANTONYMS: (n, pron) same answer: (n, v) respond, retort; (v)

counter, serve, resolve, acknowledge, correspond; (n) solution, defence, return, reaction. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) ask, differ, fail, ignore; (n) request, problem, invitation, poison answers: (n) replies; (adj) answering antique: (adj) old, antiquated, obsolete, aged, antiquarian, musty, quaint, outmoded, antediluvian, outdated; (n) relic. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) modern; (adj) recent, fresh, current, contemporary anvil: (n) stithy, anvil blade, fulciment, block, stiddy, prop, anvil roll, Stith, stand anything: (adv) any, somewhat; (n) thing, aught, everything, something, any part; (adj) whatsoever; (pron) suchlike apish: (v) aping, mimicking; (adj) apelike, foppish, foolish, anthropoid, anthropoidal, mock, mannered, imitative apparent: (adj, adv) visible; (adj) discernible, patent, plain, open, obvious, ostensible, clear, definite, evident, perceptible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unclear, real, obscure, mysterious, hidden, ambiguous, unlikely, questionable, uncertain, imperceptible, doubtful appointment: (n) assignment, date, post, designation, rendezvous, engagement, appointments, fitting, berth, blind date, conference. ANTONYM: (n) dismissal approach: (n) access, entry, means, advent, coming, entrance, arrival; (n, v) advance; (v) accost, address; (adv, v) near. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, withdrawal, leaving, distancing; (v) end, withdraw, finish, distance, depart, conclude, close april: (n) Apr arbitrate: (v) adjudicate, mediate, referee, intervene, judge, interfere, reconcile, determine, umpire, intermediate, negotiate. ANTONYM: (v) provoke archduke: (n) elector, doge, grandee arguments: (n) reasons, argument, contention, advice, opinion, influence, point of view, urging, wiles armed: (n) arms, arming; (adj, v) armed to the teeth; (adj) equipped, military, fitted, aggressive, prepared, violent, forcible, weaponed. ANTONYMS: (adj) unarmed, unprotected, armless, unprepared, peaceful

127 armour: (n) armature, buckler, armour plate, cataphract arms: (n) armament, coat of arms, weaponry, ammunition, shield, ordnance, order, munition, hardware, blazon; (adj) armed army: (n) troop, host, armed forces, battery, swarm, navy, multitude, force, flock; (adj, n) military; (adj) array arras: (n) hanging arthur: (n) Chester Alan Arthur, president Arthur articles: (n) canons, articles of agreement, equipment, statute, doctrine, system of opinions, stock, school ascend: (n, v) mount; (v) arise, scale, uprise, climb, go up, come up, increase, elevate; (n) ascending, ascent. ANTONYMS: (v) descend, drop, decline, fall, lower, set, sink ashes: (n) dust, cinders, remains, cinder, clay, earth, embers, clinker; (adj) scoriae, mother, precipitate aside: (adv) apart, away, beside, alongside, in reserve, off, abreast; (adj, adv) by; (n) digression, divagation, parenthesis. ANTONYMS: (adv) erectly, uprightly, vertically aspect: (n) look, surface, view, prospect, expression, side, manner, bearing, vista, feature; (n, v) regard aspiring: (adj) aspirant, wishful, enterprising, envious, desirous, coming; (v) aspire, vaulting. ANTONYM: (adj) desperate assault: (n, v) storm, violence, raid, charge, onset, rape, thrust; (v) assail; (n) aggression, rush, offensive. ANTONYMS: (v) defend, protect, resist; (n) defense assemble: (v) accumulate, aggregate, meet, gather, convene, call, set up, collect, group, make, get together. ANTONYMS: (v) dismantle, disband, disassemble, scatter, part, separate, disintegrate, disconnect, dismiss, distribute, demobilize assistance: (n) support, relief, boost, encouragement, remedy, help, service, hand, backing; (n, v) assist; (v) succor. ANTONYMS: (n) impediment, impeding, obstruction, detriment, disservice, meanness, opposition assurance: (n) confidence, guarantee, belief, pledge, security, promise, sureness, poise, conviction, nerve, warrant. ANTONYMS: (n) doubt, uncertainty, mistrust, lie, fiction,

128 awkwardness, timidity, clumsiness asunder: (adj, v) separate; (adv) aside, in two; (adj, adv) in Twain; (adj) loose, distant, adrift, aloof; (v) discrete, far between, free. ANTONYM: (adv) together attempt: (n, v) endeavor, offer, struggle, assay, essay, attack; (n) effort, trial; (v) undertake, chance, aim. ANTONYMS: (n) success, fulfillment, achievement, accomplishment; (v) succeed, fulfill, achieve, accomplish, perform attend: (n, v) tend, escort, nurse, conduct; (v) assist, serve, minister, aid, look, partake, follow. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, leave, ignore, disregard, desert, abandon attendants: (n) entourage, followers, retinue, tendance, persons present, suite attended: (adj) attent, fraught, tended to audience: (n) hearing, attendance, house, listener, meeting, turnout, hearer, spectators, gallery, following; (n, v) auditory aught: (n) nil, zero, anything, ought, cypher, nix, cipher, naught, null, zip; (adj) any austria: (n) Republic of Austria, Austrasia, Austria-Hungary, Upper Austria, Oesterreich authority: (n) ascendancy, sanction, warrant, administration, authorization, professional, judge, hold, domination, dominance; (adj, n) rule. ANTONYMS: (n) novice, neophyte, weakness, apprentice, servility, servitude, refusal, powerlessness, insecurity, inferiority, indecisiveness avoid: (v) shun, parry, avert, escape, evade, ward off, duck, circumvent, prevent, ignore; (adj, v) eschew. ANTONYMS: (v) associate, tackle, face, validate, participate, invite, seek, embrace, court, permit, encourage awake: (v) wake, awaken, realize, waken; (adj) alive, alert, attentive, conscious, keen, intelligent; (adj, v) broad awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconscious, sleeping, comatose, sleepy, relaxed; (v) deaden, lull, sleep away: (adj, adv) abroad, absent; (adj, adv, int) out; (adj) distant; (adv) aside, aloof, afar, way, by, forth; (adv, int) off. ANTONYMS: (adj) adjacent, neighboring, nearby, near, close; (adv) intermittently, haltingly,

King John discontinuously, in aweless: (adj) dauntless, awless, dreadless, fearless, disrespectful, unabashed, brazen, unawed, irreverent, audacious, shameless awhile: (adj) in transitu, en passant; (adv) briefly babe: (n) infant, baby, chick, sweetie, suckling, nursling, child, newborn, chit, girl, darling. ANTONYMS: (n) grownup, adult, adolescent baby: (n) babe, child, darling; (v) pamper, indulge, coddle, mollycoddle, spoil; (adj, n) miniature, young; (adj) small. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect; (adj) large, mature, big; (n) parent, adolescent, adult, grownup backward: (adj, adv) late, behindhand; (adj) tardy, retarded, reluctant, coy, slow, laggard, dilatory; (adv) behind, backwardly. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) ahead; (adv) onward; (adj) quick, developing, advanced, confident, brilliant, bold bald: (adj) hairless, simple, austere, meager, raw, barefaced, stark, plain, nude, naked; (adj, v) threadbare. ANTONYMS: (adj) ornate, furry, hirsute, woolly, embellished, adorned, decorated banks: (n) thumb index, sir Joseph Banks, sidewalls, bank shares, bank balance barbarous: (adj) barbaric, savage, gothic, brutal, heathen, truculent, rude, fell, ferocious, fierce, uncivilized. ANTONYMS: (adj) nice, cultured, civilized, sophisticated, refined, humane bargain: (adj, n, v) cheap; (n, v) covenant, deal; (n) agreement, treaty, arrangement, buy, chaffer; (v) exchange, stipulate, agree. ANTONYM: (adj) inflated bars: (n) grinding media, gymnastics, parallel bars base: (adj) abject, mean, dishonorable, low, vile, ignoble, bad, contemptible; (n) foundation; (n, v) ground; (v) found. ANTONYMS: (n) top, summit, frill, ceiling, apex; (adj) noble, honest, good, principled, grand, pleasant bastard: (adj, n) illegitimate, fake; (adj) spurious, phony, misbegotten, bastardly, adulterine, impure; (n) whoreson, love child, illegitimate child. ANTONYM: (adj) fathered bastinado: (n) cudgel; (v) bastinade, stick law, rap on the knuckles,

switch, bang, birch, wipe, cob, comb, dress bated: (adj) weak, faint, decreased battering: (n) batter, beating, combat, fighting, fight, whipping, attack, mugging, physical attack, spanking, rough treatment battery: (n) troop, cell, barrage, army, suite, company, artillery, assault and battery, barrage fire, primary cell, squad battle: (n, v) fight, struggle, combat, contest, war, conflict, clash, brawl; (v) wrestle; (n) fighting, warfare. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, agreement, truce, concord, armistice, accord, surrender bawd: (n) prostitute, fancy woman, whore, cocotte, trollop, hooker, tart, streetwalker, harlot, woman, pimp beadle: (n) verger, catchpoll, almoner, functionary, sacristan, sexton, janitor, Suisse, tipstaff, officer, George Wells beadle beads: (n) pearls, chaplet, censer, pax, patera, host, cross, pyx, reliquary, rood, thurible bear: (v) accept, take, stand, acquit, abide, allow, wear, comport, tolerate, convey, teem. ANTONYMS: (v) release, avoid, destroy, dodge, take, eradicate, evade, kill, refuse, erase; (n) bull beardless: (adj) callow, youthful, young, green, hairless, under age, puisne, sappy, budding, whiskerless beat: (n, v) pulse, throb, tick, flap, knock; (v) batter, whip, trounce, pulsate, bat; (n) round. ANTONYMS: (v) protect, help, divide, cede, aid, separate, surrender; (adj) invigorated, energized; (n) caress, pat beaten: (adj) overpowered, routed, conquered, overcome, prostrate, frothy, trounced, worsted; (v) beat, lose, fail. ANTONYMS: (adj) heartened, uplifted, triumphant, encouraged, loose beats: (n) beat, beatniks, Beat Generation beauteous: (adj) pretty, lovely, fair, comely, good-looking, handsome, stunning beauty: (n) attractiveness, beaut, charm, pulchritude, loveliness, exquisiteness, grace, grandeur, looker, good looks; (adj) beautiful. ANTONYMS: (n) hag, plainness, shortcoming, flaw, witch, dog, disadvantage, detraction, repulsiveness, eyesore,

William Shakespeare awkwardness become: (v) grow, suit, be, match, come about, arise, get, sit, to become, fall; (adj) becoming. ANTONYMS: (v) halt, stay, lower, stop, reduce, clash becomes: (v) become before: (adv) ahead, ago, in front, previously, already, forth; (adv, prep) fore, afore; (adj) preceding, prior; (adj, adv) earlier. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) later, behind, afterward, after; (adv) subsequently, ahead; (adj) subsequent beforehand: (adv) previously, ahead, in advance, in anticipation, first; (adj, adv) early, aforehand; (adj) advance, already, afore; (n) prior. ANTONYMS: (adv) afterwards, afterward, later, late, subsequently befriend: (v) friend, help, assist, sustain, promote, patronize, back, uphold; (n, v) favor; (adj) friendly; (n) take in hand. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, ignore, neglect, reject beget: (v) father, engender, generate, get, produce, procreate, create, sire, cause, breed, bring about. ANTONYMS: (v) extinguish, destroy beggar: (n) mendicant, mumper, pauper, tramp, sponger, joker, poor man, cadger, bloke; (v) beg, pauperize. ANTONYM: (n) giver begot: (v) beget begun: (adj) present behalf: (n) sake, part, interest, behoof, defense, lieu, good, stead, score, service, side behaviour: (n) behavior, action, bearing, activity, act, dealing, deed, character, proceeding, moral conduct, conduct beheld: (adj) visual behold: (v) see, view, contemplate, regard, perceive, observe, look, consider, discern, descry, watch. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, disregard, ignore, overlook beholding: (n) fusion, seeing, visual perception, look belie: (v) falsify, contradict, negate, misrepresent, betray, calumniate, defame, dissemble, color, distort, garble. ANTONYMS: (v) indicate, verify, prove, affirm, attest, reveal belief: (n) feeling, doctrine, supposition, opinion, idea, thought, impression, trust, view, confidence, assumption. ANTONYMS: (n) unbelief, doubt, disavowal, distrust,

denial, rejection, uncertainty, independence, innovation believe: (n) belief, believing; (v) assume, conceive, consider, reckon, guess, accredit, to believe, understand; (n, v) trust. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, doubt, question, suspect, reject, discredit, deny, despair bend: (n, v) bow, turn, arch, arc, crook, twist, elbow; (adj, n, v) curve; (v) stoop, crouch; (adj, v) flex. ANTONYMS: (n, v) square; (v) align, unbend, leave bent: (adj) curved, arched, deformed, crooked; (n) propensity, inclination, fancy, leaning, flair, gift, curvature. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, inability, aversion; (adj) undetermined, undecided, uncurved, uncaring, rigid, unbent bequeath: (n, v) will; (v) leave, give, pass on, demise, entrust, endow, devise, transmit, remember, donate. ANTONYMS: (v) disown, withdraw, take beseech: (v) beg, crave, implore, ask, request, adjure, pray, sue, appeal, solicit, plead. ANTONYMS: (v) give, offer, grant, reject beshrew: (v) curse, damn, imprecate, bedamn, anathemize, anathematize, execrate, maledict; (adj) shrew. ANTONYM: (v) bless beside: (adv) on, abreast, aside, closely, nearly; (prep) about; (adv, prep) besides; (adj) adjacent; (n) while, at; (adj, prep) near best: (adj, n) supreme, most, elite; (adj) superior, great, leading, choice, superlative; (v) beat, outdo; (adj, n, v) top. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) worst; (v) lose, surrender; (adj) minimum, lowest, least, inferior, incorrect, fewest; (n) loser; (adv) insincerely bestow: (v) give, confer, grant, impart, contribute, donate, apply, award; (adj, v) accord, allow, present. ANTONYMS: (v) deprive, refuse, withhold, retrieve, withdraw better: (adj, v) improve, mend; (adj, adv, v) best; (v) recover, ameliorate, emend, reform, advance, enhance, surpass; (n) bettor. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) worse; (adj, n) inferior; (v) worsen, deteriorate; (adj) lesser, lower, tinier, ill, unhealthy, smaller, sicker betwixt: (n) midst; (prep) among, amid; (adv) atwixt bias: (n, v) prejudice, bent, slant, influence, twist; (adj, n) partiality;

129 (n) penchant, drift, turn, favor, slope. ANTONYMS: (n) neutrality, fairness, tolerance, justice, justness, broadmindedness bidding: (n) behest, order, dictate, charge, bid, request, call, dictation, direction, fiat; (adj) imperative bigot: (n) sectarian, fanatic, hypocrite, devotee, dogmatist, segregationist, racist, chauvinist, sexist; (adj) bigoted, opinionist bind: (adj, v) attach, fix, fasten, affix; (n) band; (v) bandage, lace, fetter, bundle, truss, combine. ANTONYMS: (v) untie, unbind, free, unfasten, unravel, permit, loosen, loose, let; (n, v) release; (n) pleasure birth: (n) beginning, genesis, ancestry, descent, extraction, start, onset, parentage, origin; (v) delivery; (n, v) parturition. ANTONYMS: (n) death, bereavement, ending, finale, finish, passing, end, decease, conclusion, demise bitter: (adj, v) acrimonious, acrid; (adj) sharp, acid, malicious, caustic, virulent, sour, resentful, keen, acerbic. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, charitable, hot, sugary, kind, wonderful, warm, pleasant, nice, agreeable, gentle bitterness: (n) acerbity, animosity, gall, malice, resentment, enmity, acridity, acidity, bitter, rancor, sharpness. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, happiness, harmony, kindness, blandness, friendliness, goodwill, idealism, affection black: (adj) sable, dark, ebony, colored, bleak, dirty, evil, nigger, darkie, unclean; (adj, n) blackamoor. ANTONYMS: (v) whiten; (adj) spotless, snowy, saintly, pale, optimistic, merry, light, angelic, ivory, bright blanch: (adj, v) whiten, bleach; (v) pale, blench, whitewash, parboil, fade; (adj) decolorize, achromatize, silver, tone down. ANTONYM: (v) flush blaspheme: (adj, v) desecrate, profane; (v) swear, defile, damn, cuss, imprecate, utter, violate; (adj) be impious, scoff. ANTONYM: (v) consecrate bleak: (adj) austere, bare, barren, cold, dreary, murky, black, desolate, raw, bald, bitter. ANTONYMS: (adj) mild, lush, sunny, hopeful, encouraging, cheery, bright,

130 sheltered, soulful, cozy, populated bleed: (v) run, ooze, phlebotomize, leak, percolate, shed blood, trickle, hemorrhage, fleece; (n) ache, smart bleeding: (adj) bloody, gory, blasted; (n) haemorrhage, bloodletting, runout, cupping, leeches, venesection, phlebotomy; (v) bleed blessed: (adj) happy, holy, cursed, sacred, damned, hallowed, blasted, fortunate, saintly, lucky, divine. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlucky, condemned, damned, disapproved, unhappy, unholy, secular blessing: (n) benediction, approval, mercy, felicity, benison, benefit, luck, advantage, boon, bless, godsend. ANTONYMS: (n) curse, misfortune, disaster, condemnation, adversity, desecration, refusal, veto, disadvantage blood: (n) birth, gore, nature, origin, kindred, lineage, descent, family, beau, pedigree; (adj) juice bloodshed: (n) blood, slaughter, massacre, bloodletting, murder, killing, homicide, gore, bloodbath, fighting, battue. ANTONYM: (n) friendliness bloody: (adj) brutal, bleeding, ruddy, bloodthirsty, sanguineous, sanguine, savage, bloodstained, damned, raw; (adv) damn. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, soft bloom: (adj, n, v) flower; (v) prosper, flourish, thrive, burgeon; (adj, v) blow, fructify; (n) prime, blush, flush, bud. ANTONYMS: (v) shrivel, struggle, wane, die, deteriorate, decrease; (n) pallor, withering blot: (n, v) spot, blemish, smudge, mark, slur, taint, shame; (v) tarnish, blob; (n) blotch; (adj, n) fault. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, grace, soak, wet, beautify, improve, enhance blow: (n) beat, knock, shock, wallop, gust, jolt; (adj, n, v) gasp, puff; (n, v) blast, slap; (v) squander. ANTONYMS: (n, v) calm; (v) save, conserve, store, stillness, inhale, come, arrive; (n) luck, comfort, caress blown: (adj) puffy, panting, swollen, winded, inflated, moving, high, haughty lofty, late; (v) puffing and blowing; (n) blowen blunt: (adj, v) dull, deaden; (adj) bluff, plain, direct, forthright, frank, candid, outspoken, round, abrupt. ANTONYMS: (v) hone, sharpen, point, accentuate, needle; (adj)

King John devious, pointed, thoughtful, polite, guarded, gentle blush: (n, v) glow, color; (v) redden, crimson; (n) red, bloom, rosiness, ruddiness, redness; (adj) bashful; (adv) blushingly. ANTONYMS: (v) blanch, pale, blench; (n) paleness blustering: (adj, v) stormy; (adj) raging, blusterous, blustery, turbulent, loud, vaporing, vociferous, noisy, hectoring; (adv) blusteringly body: (n) cadaver, corpse, organization, cluster, set, carcass, figure, consistency, aggregate, association; (adj, n) mass. ANTONYMS: (n) handful, mind, minority, soul, few boisterous: (adj, n) rough; (adj) furious, loud, noisy, fierce, raucous, wild, rude, vociferous; (adj, v) tempestuous, rampant. ANTONYMS: (adj) restrained, orderly, calm, dignified, silent, tranquil, gentle, placid boisterously: (adv) noisily, clamorously, raucously, uproariously, rowdily, riotously, loudly, tumultuously, vociferously, unruly, roughly. ANTONYMS: (adv) demurely, peacefully bold: (adj) adventurous, audacious, manly, arrogant, intrepid, fearless, spirited, heroic, daring, courageous, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) timid, modest, afraid, meek, shy, light, courteous, discreet, faint, fearful, abashed boldness: (n) prowess, face, daring, valor, nerve, assurance, heroism, audaciousness, spirit, cheek, valour. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, shyness, timidity, meekness, reticence bonds: (n) securities, stock, stocks, handcuffs, irons, chains, servitude, common stock, confinement, preferred stock bone: (n) framework, os, skeleton, anatomy, ivory, astragal, true middlings; (adj, n, v) cartilage; (v) swot, gristle, prepare bones: (n) bone, frame, corpse, dry bones, framework, maraca, physician, finger cymbals, tymbal, wreck, timbrel book: (v) order, reserve, inscribe, apply, write; (n) account book, pamphlet, journal, volume; (n, v) list, record. ANTONYMS: (v) free, exonerate born: (adj) native, natural, congenital,

inbred, inborn, innate, inherent, untutored; (v) be born, to be born, arise. ANTONYMS: (adj) learned, unborn, acquired, trained borne: (adj) weak, wanting, spoony, soft, sappy, shallow, little, limited borrow: (v) adopt, lend, appropriate, to borrow, assume, take, accept, acquire, plagiarize, cadge, get. ANTONYMS: (v) give, invent, loan, originate, return bosom: (n) heart, interior, boob, thorax, chest, bust, tit; (n, v) embrace; (v) cherish, hug; (adj) intimate. ANTONYMS: (n) outside, exteriority bottoms: (n) swamp, lees, residue bought: (n) crook, hook bound: (n, v) leap, jump, border, bounce, limit, edge, vault, recoil; (n) boundary, barrier, compass. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, amble, crawl, limp, permit; (adj) permitted, released, unbound, allowed, unlikely bounden: (adj) bound, indebted, compulsory, binding boundless: (adj) limitless, endless, unlimited, infinite, bottomless, incalculable, immense, immeasurable, interminable, unbounded, vast. ANTONYMS: (adj) limited, restricted, confined, finite, incomplete, negligible, small bounds: (n) boundary, border, limit, bound, margin, borderline, end, bourn, Bourne, brink, edge. ANTONYMS: (n) center, middle bowels: (n) gut, compassion, pity, inside, bowel, viscera, innards, belly, guts, insides, intestines boyish: (adj) young, puerile, adolescent, youthful, babyish, childish, girlish, kittenish, boylike, callow, immature. ANTONYM: (adj) mature brace: (n, v) prop, strengthen, support, invigorate; (n) strut, pair, duo, bitstock, tie; (v) clamp, bolster. ANTONYMS: (v) unfasten, sedate, loosen, flex brag: (n, v) bluster, vaunt, crow; (v) pride, gasconade, blow, show off, rodomontade; (n) boasting, bragging; (adj) great bragging: (n) brag, swagger, bluff, bluster, conceit, arrogance; (adj) arrogant, boastful, big, overweening, braggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) modest; (n) timidity brave: (adj, n) bold, hardy; (adj) audacious, fearless, courageous,

William Shakespeare virile, intrepid, valiant; (adj, v) endure; (v) defy, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) cowardly, frightened, pathetic, gutless, afraid, cautious, fainthearted, meek, mousy, nervous; (v) skip bravely: (adv) courageously, fearlessly, valiantly, boldly, intrepidly, dauntlessly, gallantly, audaciously, undauntedly, heroically, doughtily. ANTONYMS: (adv) timidly, fearfully, execrably, nervously braying: (adj) raucous, loud, harsh, shrill, discordant, clamorous, vociferous brazen: (adj) audacious, impudent, brassy, insolent, bold, brash, impertinent, blatant, flagrant, forward, saucy. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, abashed, prudish, reserved, quiet, discreet, respectful, ashamed, veiled, modest breadth: (n) width, spread, amplitude, wideness, size, length, latitude, extent, area, broadness, stretch. ANTONYMS: (n) length, longitude, emptiness, thinness break: (n, v) crack, fracture, breach, burst, rupture, stop, pause; (n) interruption, respite, suspension; (v) infringe. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, honor, lose, make, observe, resume, stay, strengthen; (n, v) mend; (n) continuation, misfortune breaking: (n) breakage, breach, violation, infringement, contravention, smash, rift, scutching, shift, intermission; (v) deaden breaks: (n) lot, destiny, opportunity, chance breast: (n) boob, udder, tit, titty, chest, knocker, mammilla, bust, pap, heart; (n, v) front breath: (n) wind, air, inspiration, puff, soul, aspiration, respite, airflow; (v) breathe, respire; (adj, n) whisper breathe: (n, v) respire, subsist, imply; (n) breath, bespeak; (adj, n, v) live; (v) exhale, exist, emit, rest, be. ANTONYMS: (v) suffocate, hide, choke, asphyxiate, drain, die, inhale breathing: (adj) animate, live, living, respiratory, alive, above ground; (v) breathe, respire; (n) respiration, instant, moment. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, breathless, dead breathless: (adj, adv) out of breath; (adj) panting, inanimate, breathtaking, winded, choking,

puffing; (v) all agog, aghast; (adj, n) eager; (n) in hysterics. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, expected, boring breeches: (n) knickers, inexpressibles, knickerbockers, brogues, short, smalls, overalls, small clothes, pants, trousers, pantaloons bretagne: (n) Brittany bridal: (adj, v) spousal; (adj, n) wedding; (n) nuptials, matrimony, espousal, hymen, marriage ceremony, adoption, betrothal; (v) hymeneal; (adj) marriage. ANTONYM: (adj) unmarried bride: (n) fiance, Bridget, Brigid, saint Brigid, saint Bridget, honeymooner, prioress, newlywed, participant, wife, bridegroom. ANTONYMS: (n) bridegroom, groom brief: (adj) concise, transient, little, abridge, short-lived, abrupt; (adj, n) abstract, summary; (n) epitome, report; (v) notify. ANTONYMS: (adj) permanent, lengthy, rambling, wordy, prolonged, extended, lasting, civil; (adv) civilly; (v) secrete, hide briefly: (adv) concisely, pithily, momentarily, curtly, tersely, succinctly, fleetingly, transitorily, transiently; (adj, adv) summarily, quickly. ANTONYMS: (adv) permanently, endlessly, slowly, thoroughly, verbosely bright: (adj) alive, vivid, intelligent, apt, shining, brilliant, lustrous, luminous, light, beaming, shiny. ANTONYMS: (adj) cloudy, stupid, gloomy, dim, unintelligent, dreary, dark, overcast, shadowy, thick, leaden bring: (v) convey, get, take, bear, carry, put, conduct, return, reduce, set, bring in. ANTONYMS: (v) drop, free, leave, lose, remove, avoid bristle: (n) fiber, hair, whisker; (v) teem, burn, seethe, rage, arise, fume, blow up; (n, v) brustle. ANTONYM: (v) calm broke: (adj) bankrupt, poor, insolvent, impecunious, penniless, impoverished, skint, bust, destitute, strapped, ruined. ANTONYMS: (adj) solvent, wealthy, affluent broker: (n) mediator, go-between, agent, middleman, factor, dealer, attorney, stockbroker, intermediary, merchant, bailiff brook: (v) endure, abide, stomach, stand, tolerate, digest, suffer, support, undergo; (n, v) creek; (n) stream. ANTONYMS: (v) spurn,

131 resist, reject, prohibit brother: (n) fellow, blood brother, associate, counterpart, crony, comrade, buddy, peer, chum, sidekick, monk. ANTONYMS: (n) enemy, opposer, opponent brow: (n) peak, brink, brows, height, summit, forehead, eyebrow, edge, crown, brim, border. ANTONYM: (n) trough brows: (n) brow buckled: (v) wreathy, frizzly, crepe; (adj) warped, misshapen, malformed, distorted, askew, deformed bulwark: (n, v) shield, safeguard, guard; (n) rampart, wall, barrier, breakwater, bastion, defense, battlement, buffer. ANTONYM: (n) weakness burden: (n, v) bother, weight, pack, burthen, trouble, clog, strain; (n) anxiety, bale, responsibility; (v) afflict. ANTONYMS: (v) relieve, lighten, free, disburden, alleviate, relax; (n, v) help; (n) tranquility, relaxation, peace, pleasure burgh: (n) borough, Burgh acres, metropolis, capital, city, town burn: (adj, v) glow; (n, v) bite, fire, sunburn; (v) sting, scorch, incinerate, blaze, flare, ignite, cremate. ANTONYMS: (v) smother, give, subdue, help, quench, repay, stifle, extinguish, wet burning: (adj) blazing, ablaze, boiling, afire, flaming, hot; (n) combustion, firing; (adj, n) passionate, zealous, glowing. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, trivial, cool, out, painless, quenched, soothing, unimportant, apathetic, insignificant, unconcerned burns: (n) George Burns, Nathan Birnbaum, Robert Burns burst: (adj, n, v) crack; (adj, v) split, blow up, explode, splinter, detonate; (n, v) rupture, blast; (adj, n) flash; (v) break out, belch. ANTONYMS: (v) attach, join, connect, fasten, trickle bury: (v) inter, overwhelm, lay to rest, hide, mask, secrete, conceal, cloak, entomb, suppress; (n) burial. ANTONYMS: (v) exhume, unearth, uncover, dig, disclose, distract, expose, ignore, reveal, air, remember business: (n) subject, matter, event, vocation, job, profession, affair, work, corporation, occupation; (adj, n) trade. ANTONYMS: (adj) charitable, private; (n) pleasure,

132 avocation, fun, entertainment, hobby buss: (n, v) kiss, smack, embrace; (n) salute, osculation, barge, deosculation, cat, sloop; (v) osculate, caress butcher: (v) slaughter, kill, murder, slay; (n, v) massacre, botch; (n) assassin, bungler, slaughterer, meatman, murderer. ANTONYMS: (v) develop, create, grow, build cain: (v) matador, garroter, thug, bravo, assassin, sabreur, terrorist, Moloch, cutthroat, slayer, butcher calamity: (n) disaster, adversity, affliction, misfortune, plague, catastrophe, tragedy, blow, bale, distress; (n, v) trouble. ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, boon, luck, joy, opportunity calf: (n) calves, calfskin, sura, foal, shorthorn, pup, kitten, colt, leather, kid, box calf call: (n, v) appeal, shout, bellow, name, yell, howl, request, appoint; (v) bid, summon; (n) call option. ANTONYMS: (v) whisper, mutter, cancel, listen, stop, suppose, murmur; (n) dismissal, give, grant, silence calm: (adj, n, v) assuage, appease, lull; (adj, v) cool, pacify, peaceful, easy, steady; (adj, adv, n, v) still; (n, v) allay; (v) mollify. ANTONYMS: (adj) agitated, wild, stormy, nervous, angry, scared, terrified, tense; (v) agitate, provoke; (adj, v) upset calmly: (adv) stilly, tranquilly, coolly, serenely, placidly, sedately, smoothly, peacefully, easily, undisturbedly, steadily. ANTONYMS: (adv) anxiously, hysterically, nervously, agitatedly, uncontrollably, histrionically, restlessly, frantically, irritably, emotionally, tensely came: (v) arrive, come camp: (n) faction, encampment, base, barracks, cantonment, laager, side; (v) pitch, tent, camp out; (adj) campy candle: (n) candela, light, taper, bougie, CD, candlepower, lamp, wax light, Standard candle; (v) examine, illuminate canker: (n) cancer, corruption, blight; (v) corrode, erode; (adj, n) rot; (adj, v) pollute, vitiate; (adj) contaminate, poison, taint. ANTONYMS: (v) help, protect cannon: (n) clash, carom, gun, shank,

King John basilisk, gun of position, carambole, carronade, culverin, field piece, howitzer cannoneer: (n) artilleryman, artillerist, serviceman, man, matross, bombardier, machine gunner canon: (n) rule, regulation, principle, doctrine, law, formula, standard, statute, code, act, criterion canterbury: (n) safe, till, bookcase, cabinet, chest on chest, buffet, highboy, sideboard, secretary, secretaire, cupboard capable: (adj) competent, adequate, apt, adept, accomplished, fit, gifted, qualified, proficient, trained; (adj, n) efficient. ANTONYMS: (adj) incapable, inept, unable, helpless, lacking, bad, unimaginative, unqualified, untrained carcase: (n) body, skeleton, dead body cardinal: (adj) capital, fundamental, central, main, key, chief, primal; (adj, n) paramount, essential, vital, radical. ANTONYMS: (adj) secondary, inessential, insignificant, minor, ordinal, unimportant cards: (n) baccarat, boodle, card, rum, poker, cribbage, rummy, Newmarket, pinocle, pinochle, penuchle care: (adj, n, v) anxiety; (n, v) attention, charge, worry; (n) caution, bother, concern, apprehension, aid, custody; (v) attend. ANTONYMS: (n) carelessness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, rashness, negligence, vagueness, unconcern; (n, v) disregard, dislike; (v) loathe, abhor carriages: (n) carriage carrion: (n) carcass, offal, dead body, corpse, filth, ket, any filth, caroigne; (adj) garbage carry: (v) convey, bring, take, conduct, acquit, behave, accept, transport, comport, hold, pack. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, lose, censor, fail, hold, conceal case: (n) example, box, bin, cover, jacket, shell, bag, affair, briefcase, business; (adj, n) eccentric casket: (n) box, coffin, chest, sarcophagus, coffer, caddy, bier, gasket, reliquary, desk; (v) enclose cast: (n, v) throw, stamp, form, fling, shape, figure; (v) shed, pitch, chuck; (n) casting, appearance. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, receive, subtract, reject, take, gather, catch, retain, keep

castle: (n) fortification, stronghold, castling, fort, palace, mansion, tower, house; (n, v) fortress, citadel, keep. ANTONYMS: (n) shack, cottage catch: (n, v) capture, hook, haul, hitch, trick, grab, snatch; (v) get, apprehend, intercept; (n) pawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) release; (v) misunderstand, unhitch, mistake, Miss, misinterpret, free, give, lose; (n) advantage, boon cause: (n) case, action, account; (n, v) occasion, allow; (v) breed, do, induce, beget, motivate, provoke. ANTONYMS: (n) effect, result, outcome; (v) foil, deter, forestall, prevent, stop, halt, quell, retard certain: (adj) definite, sure, assured, absolute, reliable, indisputable, dependable, unquestionable, undeniable, unavoidable, unequivocal. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsure, doubtful, questionable, hesitant, debatable, erratic, faulty, indistinct, vague, doubting, undecided certainly: (adv) assuredly, definitely, positively, clearly, necessarily, undoubtedly, actually, securely, confidently, absolutely; (adj, adv) really. ANTONYMS: (adv) doubtfully, possibly, equivocally, perhaps chafed: (adj) uncomfortable, sore, painful, galled, angry; (v) fretted, agitated chair: (n, v) chairman; (n) bench, president, chairperson, throne, couch, armchair, electric chair, chairwoman; (v) moderate, lead chamberlain: (n) bailiff, seneschal, castellan, treasurer, steward, Neville chamberlain, Arthur Neville chamberlain chambers: (n) bureau, consulting room, countinghouse, apartment, lodging, suite champion: (n) partisan, backer, hero, fighter, champ, warrior, victor, defender; (adj, n) ace; (n, v) support; (v) defend. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, counter; (n) loser, detractor, attacker, opponent; (adj) worst, poorest, lousy chance: (n, v) hazard, adventure, risk, venture, bet; (n) fortune, probability, opportunity; (adj) accidental; (adj, n) contingency; (v) befall. ANTONYMS: (adj) intentional, deliberate, designed, arranged, planned, foreseeable; (n, v) plan; (n)

William Shakespeare predictability, misfortune, certainty; (v) protect change: (n, v) shift, barter, twist, cash; (v) alter, alternate, adapt, convert; (n) alteration, modification, variation. ANTONYMS: (v) leave, maintain, idle, hold, establish, standardize; (n) stability, bills, constancy, preservation, uniformity channel: (n, v) canal, conduct; (n) conduit, groove, trough, waterway, drain, line, passage; (v) carry, convey. ANTONYMS: (v) keep; (n) ridge chapel: (n) chantry, worship, shrine, kirk, temple, house of God, house of worship, meetinghouse, oratory, place of worship, tabernacle chaps: (n) chops, fauces, crack charge: (n, v) blame, care, burden, commission, command, attack, bill, load, tax; (n) accusation; (v) bid. ANTONYMS: (v) request, discharge, plead, beg, compensate, aid, credit, calm; (n, v) retreat, absolve, unload charged: (adj) laden, loaded, replete, aerated, tense, strained, full, filled, emotional, abounding, deferred charitable: (adj) kind, clement, gentle, benevolent, liberal, bountiful, philanthropic, generous, humane, kindly, lenient. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncharitable, mean, nasty, tightfisted, inhumane, selfish, miserly, hard, cruel, commercial, cheap charity: (n) dole, favor, aid, liberality, generosity, kindness, alms, mercy, virtue; (v) almsgiving; (adj, n) brotherly love. ANTONYMS: (n) intolerance, meanness, unkindness, cruelty, malice, stinginess, cheapness, nastiness, inhumanity chase: (v) pursue, trail, follow, track, stalk, expel, banish, go after; (n, v) hunt, search; (n) game. ANTONYMS: (v) escape, lead, find, precede chastise: (v) castigate, chasten, correct, reprimand, punish, criticize, beat, scold, chew out, flog; (n, v) scourge. ANTONYMS: (v) comfort, bless, commend, promote, reward, encourage check: (n, v) control, bridle, arrest, curb, stop, limit, block, halt, bar; (v) agree, restrain. ANTONYMS: (v) help, hurry, allow, disagree, disregard, encourage, expedite, ignore, overlook; (n) furthering, spur cheek: (n) audacity, nerve, brass,

boldness, impertinence, face, lip, mouth, gall, insolence, impudence. ANTONYMS: (n) respect, cowardice, timidity, humbleness, meekness, reticence, seriousness; (v) praise cheeks: (n) Gemini, twins, couple, posterior, pair, deuce, two, duet cheerful: (adj, v) buoyant; (adj) breezy, merry, optimistic, pleasant, glad, blithe, carefree, bright, lively, happy. ANTONYMS: (adj) depressed, gloomy, sad, depressing, grim, hopeless, miserable, morose, somber, dejected, unwelcoming cherish: (v) care for, nurture, treasure, entertain, cultivate, bosom, prize, esteem, harbor; (n, v) hug, foster. ANTONYMS: (v) hate, scorn, reject, denounce, despise, neglect cherry: (adj, n) cerise, red; (n) cherry tree, capulin, virgin; (adj) ruddy, crimson, ruby, scarlet, rubicund, blooming chief: (adj, n) principal, head, cardinal, capital, arch, essential, paramount; (n) administrator, boss, executive, leader. ANTONYMS: (adj) associate, secondary, junior, smallest, inessential, unimportant, least, trivial; (n) subordinate, underling, inferior child: (n) baby, babe, bairn, infant, kid, toddler, tot, girl, brat, juvenile, minor. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, parent children: (n) child, offspring, descendant, family, seed, boy, babies, descendants, birth, relatives, people choice: (n) vote, alternative, selection, option, preference, pick, pleasure, volition; (adj, n) favorite, election; (adj) excellent. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, fair, poor, worst, ordinary, inappropriate; (n) coercion, dearth, restriction, dislike choke: (v) asphyxiate, block, stifle, back up, clog up, gag, suffocate, foul, strangle, smother, obstruct. ANTONYMS: (v) free, open, release, unblock chosen: (adj, n) elect; (adj) preferred, select, favored, named; (adj, v) designate, desired, designated; (n) deary, ducky, dearie. ANTONYMS: (adj) ignored, involuntary christian: (adj) Catholic, scriptural, pietist, monotheistic, divine, evangelical, Christianly, moral, theist; (n) Christianity, devotee church: (n) cathedral, abbey, chapel,

133 meetinghouse, denomination, minster, place of worship, kirk, Fane, Christian church, Christianity churchyard: (n) graveyard, burial ground, yard, necropolis, cloisters, kirkyard churlish: (adj) rude, rough, impolite, loutish, gruff, curt, abrupt, brusque, blunt, brutish, discourteous. ANTONYMS: (adj) agreeable, civil, courteous, nice, polite cincture: (n) girdle, sash, belt, waistband, cummerbund, cestus, zone, garland, wreath, cord; (v) encircle circle: (n) association, field, range, beat, set; (n, v) ring, band, compass, turn, whirl; (v) encircle circumstance: (n) affair, incident, matter, event, occasion, chance, accident, opportunity, adventure, casualty, fact citizens: (n) people, population, inhabitants, populace, public, commonwealth, country, the general public, the public, the populace city: (adj) municipal, urban, civic, public; (n) borough, the City, burgh, village, metropolis, municipality, state. ANTONYMS: (adj) suburban, country, private civil: (adj) courteous, civic, gracious, affable, obliging, municipal, mannerly, public, civilised, courtly, domestic. ANTONYMS: (adj) abrupt, impolite, critical, unrefined, sidereal, uncivil, unkind, barbaric, discourteous, private claim: (n, v) call, charge, need, requisition; (n) allegation, privilege; (v) assert, exact, ask, want, arrogate. ANTONYMS: (v) disclaim, forfeit, waive, question, lose, grant, refute, request; (n) denial, disclaimer, response clamour: (n) clamoring, hue and cry, clamouring, blare, bedlam, uproar, vociferation, tumult, hubbub, exclamation; (v) utter clap: (n, v) blast, boom, slam, rumble; (n) applause, clapping, gonorrhoea, smash; (v) acclaim, applaud, hit. ANTONYMS: (v) hiss, jeer clay: (n) soil, remains, adobe, loam, dust, dirt, mud, bentonite, ashes; (adj, n) pottery; (adj) earthen clearly: (adv) distinctly, apparently, evidently, openly, decidedly, explicitly, definitely, certainly, absolutely, obviously, plainly. ANTONYMS: (adv) vaguely, indistinctly, unclearly, blurrily,

134 imperceptibly, obscurely, softly, doubtfully, imperfectly, unconvincingly, unintelligibly climate: (n) atmosphere, clime, ambience, latitude, mood, milieu, weather, environment, zone, conditions, isobar cloak: (n, v) veil, mask, camouflage, wrap, masquerade, screen, pall; (n) cape; (v) conceal, dissemble, hide. ANTONYMS: (v) reveal, uncloak, unmask; (n, v) uncover close: (n, v) end, stop, finish; (adj, adv, prep) nearby; (adj, adv) adjacent, tight; (adj, v) compact, approximate; (adj) accurate; (adv, prep) by; (n) conclusion. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) open; (n, v) start; (adj) distant, airy, loose, fresh, far, inaccurate, unfamiliar; (v) begin, unlock closely: (adv) nearly, narrowly, intimately, strictly, exactly, thickly, firmly, securely, confidentially, solidly, familiarly. ANTONYMS: (adv) loosely, thoughtlessly, heedlessly, carelessly, approximately, inconveniently, sparsely, casually, lightly, inaccurately closet: (n) cupboard, cubicle, cell, latrine, bathroom, wardrobe, water closet; (adj) clandestine, confidential, secret, private. ANTONYM: (adj) open clouds: (n) exhaust, fumes, gas, smoke, vapors clutch: (n, v) clasp, grip, clench, grasp, hold, clinch, gripe; (v) grab, grapple, embrace; (adj, v) catch. ANTONYMS: (n) loose; (v) release, unfasten coal: (n) ember, bituminous coal, carbon, lignite, anthracite, wallsend, culm, oil, petroleum, firewood; (adj) black coil: (n, v) spiral, curl, roll, circle, loop, reel; (v) round, wind, involve; (adj, v) twist; (adj) coiling. ANTONYMS: (v) uncoil, untwist, unwind, straighten cold: (n) chilliness, chill; (adj) chilly, frigid, distant, indifferent, aloof, callous, icy, apathetic, impassive. ANTONYMS: (adj) warm, friendly, hot, prepared, burning, affectionate, loving, soporific, fervid; (n) heat, warmth cold-blooded: (adj) emotionless, hardhearted, unfeeling, inhuman, callous, cruel, stony, heartless, ruthless, unsympathetic, savage

King John coldly: (adv) frigidly, icily, coolly, indifferently, frostily, distantly, gelidly, reservedly, bleakly, wintrily, frozenly. ANTONYMS: (adv) warmly, affectionately, sympathetically, sensitively, kindly, cheerfully, emotionally collected: (adj) calm, accumulated, amassed, tranquil, sober, assembled, cool, poised, unflappable, peaceful; (adj, v) composed. ANTONYMS: (adj) nervous, worried, upset, uncollected, flustered, scatterbrained, anxious, excitable colour: (n) coloration, coloring, colors, semblance, vividness, pretext, pretence, colouring, guise; (v) redden, discolor. ANTONYMS: (n) colorlessness; (v) discolor colours: (n) banner, ensign, emblem, colour, colouring, standard, flag, color, tone combat: (n, v) fight, clash, encounter, conflict, war; (n) contest, action, brawl, fighting, fray, hostility. ANTONYMS: (n) peace; (v) cooperate, agree, pacify, surrender, compromise, favor comfort: (n, v) ease, allay, support, aid, alleviate; (n) consolation, relief, amenity, assistance; (adj, n, v) assuage; (v) cheer. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, aggravation, agony; (v) alarm, annoy, frighten, afflict, aggravate, bother, burden, disappoint comfortless: (adj) dreary, desolate, bleak, uncomfortable, inconsolable, gloomy, lonely; (adj, v) disconsolate, forlorn; (v) joyless, sick at heart coming: (n) advent, approach, appearance, arrival, return; (adj, n) approaching; (adj) forthcoming, imminent, future, impending; (adj, v) instant. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, leaving, departing; (adj) distant, retreating, past commanding: (adj) imperative, imperious, peremptory, bossy, imposing, ascendant, compelling, magnificent; (adj, n) grand, impressive; (adv) commandingly. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, unassertive, indecisive, unimpressive, insignificant, subservient commandment: (n) order, command, fiat, edict, law, regulation, bidding, decree, caution, behest, prescription comment: (n) annotation, commentary, critique, note, explanation, interpretation, mention;

(n, v) remark, gloss, censure, notice. ANTONYM: (n) confirmation commission: (n) mission, job, delegation, mandate, appointment, work; (n, v) warrant, assign; (v) accredit, designate, entrust. ANTONYMS: (v) withhold, retract; (n) salary commit: (v) consign, assign, charge, confide, dedicate, apply, entrust, submit, intrust, leave, give. ANTONYMS: (v) stop, desist, divest, end, idle, withhold, wait, cease, keep, refuse common: (adj) coarse, mutual, vulgar, mean, mediocre, ignoble, plebeian, base; (adj, n) cheap, habitual; (adj, n, v) usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) uncommon, rare, unusual, characteristic, specific, unique, extraordinary, exclusive, aristocratic, infrequent, refined compassion: (adj, n) clemency, kindness; (n) mercy, charity, sympathy, commiseration, remorse, tenderness, forgiveness, feeling, grace. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, disregard, unconcern, severity, nastiness, harshness, incomprehension, malevolence, coldness, roughness, inhumanity complete: (adj, v) perfect, consummate; (adj, n) absolute, stark; (v) achieve, finish, accomplish, execute; (adj, n, v) close; (adj) whole, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfinished, partial, abridged, sketchy, shortened, lacking, qualified, narrow, missing; (v) neglect, start compliment: (n, v) praise, honor; (v) laud, flattery, applaud, greet, adulation, congratulate, belaud; (n) eulogy, tribute. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, reproach, disparagement; (n, v) slander, libel; (v) criticize, denounce, disparage, denigrate, complain, belittle composition: (n) texture, construction, constitution, alloy, amalgam, composing, compost, compound, compromise, harmony, combination compound: (n, v) blend, mix, compromise; (adj, n) complex, composite; (v) combine, amalgamate; (n) mixture, amalgam, combination, concoction. ANTONYMS: (v) divide, separate, simplify, unmix; (n) element; (adj) few compulsion: (n) force, enforcement, urge, constraint, pressure, restraint,

William Shakespeare necessity, duress, obligation, requirement, oppression. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, coaxing, disinclination concealed: (adj) covert, clandestine, blind, occult, secret, mysterious, obscure, buried, invisible, secreted, surreptitious. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconcealed, available, overt, open, divulged, Shown, revealed, disclosed, uncovered, noticeable, mainstream conceit: (n) pretension, vanity, selfesteem, pride, assumption, egotism, fancy, haughtiness, conception, caprice, quip. ANTONYMS: (n) humility, timidity, selflessness, humbleness, reserve conclusion: (n) end, close, result, termination, sequel, completion, cessation, dissolution, finish, finale; (n, v) closing. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, opening, preface, inauguration, foreword, launch, commencement, head condemned: (adj) censured, convicted, doomed, destined, appropriated, taken, taken over, fated, seized, predestined; (adj, v) guilty conduct: (v) bring, direct, carry, show; (n, v) act, administration, manage, administer, carriage, bearing; (adj, v) acquit. ANTONYMS: (v) mismanage, leave, follow confess: (adj, v) own, allow, admit, avow; (v) concede, profess, recognize, divulge, disclose, reveal, receive. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, dispute, conceal, repress, harbor confident: (adj) bold, brave, secure, sanguine, audacious, forward, fearless; (adj, v) certain, positive, sure; (adj, n) hopeful. ANTONYMS: (adj) insecure, timid, pessimistic, frightened, anxious, unsure, hesitant, unintelligent, doubtful, diffident, bland confine: (n, v) bound, border, limit; (v) bind, restrain, circumscribe, tie, incarcerate, hold; (n) boundary, bounds. ANTONYMS: (v) release, free, liberate, broaden confining: (adj) restricting, limiting, narrow, confined, oppressive, stringent, constrictive, restrictive, closemouthed; (v) confine; (n) contraction confirm: (v) corroborate, verify, approve, validate, bear out, prove,

clinch, assert, demonstrate, authenticate; (adj, v) establish. ANTONYMS: (v) contradict, deny, weaken, cancel, void, veto, undermine, repudiate, question, open, negate confound: (v) bewilder, baffle, nonplus, perplex, astonish, puzzle, amaze, astound, mistake; (adj, v) confuse, stupefy. ANTONYMS: (v) explain, clarify, comfort, lose, distinguish; (n) understanding confounded: (adj) bemused, accursed, execrable, baffled, cursed, befuddled, confused, puzzled, aghast, perplexed; (adj, v) abashed confused: (adj) abashed, baffled, befuddled, bemused, dizzy, chaotic, confounded, deranged, incoherent, disjointed, indistinct. ANTONYMS: (adj) enlightened, orderly, alert, clearheaded, organized, oriented, precise, systematic, ordered, unimpressed, methodical confusion: (n) commotion, chaos, disarray, bedlam, pandemonium, disorder, disturbance, distraction, clutter, tumult, agitation. ANTONYMS: (n) clarity, understanding, tidiness, systematization, enlightenment, peace, organization, lucidity, neatness, space, calm congeal: (v) clot, coagulate, freeze, jell, thicken, fix, solidify, harden; (adj, v) concrete, consolidate; (n, v) curdle. ANTONYMS: (v) dissolve, thin, liquefy, thaw, liquify conjointly: (adv) collectively, unitedly, communally, together, altogether, mutually, conjunctly, conjoinedly, combined, also, completely conjunction: (n) coincidence, concurrence, association, coalition, alliance, cohesion, anastomosis, concomitance, confluence, amalgamation; (v) joinder. ANTONYMS: (n) detachment, disconnection, division, separation conjure: (v) invoke, entreat, arouse, juggle, bewitch, beseech, bid, conjure up, evoke, implore, bring up conquest: (n) defeat, triumph, conquering, achievement, reduction, coup, rout, overthrow, subjection, mastery, success. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, defeat, loss, victory conscience: (n) moral sense, Conscience money, sense of right and wrong, scruple, intention, tender conscience, small voice,

135 principles, morals, morality, inward monitor. ANTONYM: (n) indifference consent: (adj, n, v) accord; (n, v) acquiescence, agreement; (v) concur, approve, agree, acquiesce, accept; (n) consensus, approval; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, reject, protest, object, differ, oppose; (n, v) veto; (n) refusal, opposition, dissent, disagreement consequently: (adv) therefore, subsequently, as a result, then, sequentially, followingly, so, naturally, in consequence, hence; (conj) ergo conspire: (v) concur, complot, connive, plot, plan, cabal, contribute, collaborate, conspiring, intrigue, confederate constant: (adj) ceaseless, perpetual, continual, faithful, changeless, steadfast, eternal, uninterrupted, continuous; (adj, n) steady, invariable. ANTONYMS: (adj) irregular, intermittent, changeable, variable, inconstant, erratic, episodic, fickle, temporary, disloyal, inconsistent constraint: (n) compulsion, force, restraint, confinement, obligation, restriction, duress, enforcement, pressure, limitation; (adj, n) reserve. ANTONYMS: (n) freedom, boldness, liberation, option, openness, persuasion consume: (v) exhaust, absorb, dissipate, use, squander, fritter, expend, eat, swallow, burn; (adj, v) waste. ANTONYMS: (v) save, abstain, conserve, make, store, accumulate, produce, manufacture, hoard, gather, fast consummate: (adj, v) perfect; (n, v) conclude, crown; (v) accomplish, achieve, execute; (adj) accomplished, absolute, profound, matchless, masterful. ANTONYMS: (adj) inadequate, mediocre, incomplete, deficient, amateurish, untrained, abysmal, inept; (v) start, initiate, begin contagious: (adj) catching, communicable, pestiferous, transmissible, epidemic, transmittable, poisonous, spreading, pestilent; (n) infection; (v) infect. ANTONYMS: (adj) noncontagious, noninfectious contain: (v) comprehend, include, accommodate, curb, restrict, carry, bear, admit, restrain, embrace, take.

136 ANTONYMS: (v) express, vent, release, omit, lack, except, encourage, eliminate, unleash, broaden, free containing: (adj) including, comprehensive contemplation: (n) consideration, reflection, thought, attention, cogitation, musing, introspection, speculation, animus, deliberation; (n, v) study contempt: (n, v) scorn; (v) despise; (n) disrespect, derision, mockery, disregard, ridicule, shame, slight, reproach, discourtesy. ANTONYMS: (n) approval, admiration, regard, honor, esteem contemptuous: (adj) scornful, disdainful, insulting, arrogant, proud, haughty, derisive, cynical, sarcastic, disrespectful; (adj, v) supercilious. ANTONYMS: (adj) approving, complimentary, deferential, humble, polite, respected, admiring content: (n) meaning, matter, capacity, contents, subject; (n, v) contentment; (v) appease, please, satisfy, suffice; (adj) happy. ANTONYMS: (n, v) discontent; (adj) tormented, unhappy, dissatisfied, rebellious, discontented, troubled; (adj, v) upset; (n) unhappiness, sadness; (v) trouble continuance: (n) duration, abidance, existence, endurance, protraction, adjournment, resumption, prolongation, time, standing, perseverance. ANTONYMS: (n) discontinuation, destruction continue: (v) remain, keep, sustain, carry on, endure, persevere, bide, proceed, maintain; (adj, v) prolong; (n, v) hold. ANTONYMS: (v) end, cease, discontinue, halt, renounce, hesitate, complete, fail, desist, finish, neglect contradict: (v) deny, oppose, belie, conflict, confute, controvert, contravene, disprove, refute, invalidate, impugn. ANTONYMS: (v) agree, match, correspond, approve, corroborate, prove, support, reinforce contrary: (adj, n) contradictory, reverse; (adj) adverse, conflicting, unfavorable, perverse, cross, disobedient, alien, different, obstinate. ANTONYMS: (adj) similar, harmonious, helpful, obliging, compatible, complaisant, concordant, parallel, agreeable,

King John cooperative, favorable control: (n, v) command, curb, check, bridle, handle, sway, hold, influence, conduct; (adj, n) authority; (n) care. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, unrestraint, expression, excess; (v) share, intensify, rush, risk, resign, relinquish, forsake controlling: (adj) ruling, chief, dominant, influential, capital, predominant, prevailing, domineering, guiding; (n) administration, steering. ANTONYMS: (adj) lenient, insignificant conversant: (adj) proficient, knowing, informed, familiar, versed, learned, cognizant, conscious, erudite, experienced, skilled. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfamiliar, oblivious, inexperienced conversion: (n) changeover, change, alteration, adaptation, exchange, transformation, commutation, adjustment, reformation, passage; (adj) salvation convicted: (adj) condemned, guilty, doomed, manifest, confiscated, confiscate, appropriated, apparent, censured; (v) convict cool: (adj, v) chill, assuage, soothe; (adj) chilly, cold, collected, composed, fine, aloof; (v) quench; (n) poise. ANTONYMS: (v) heat; (adj) hot, agitated, excited, friendly, feverish, enthusiastic, tepid, temperate, bad, upset copied: (adj) counterfeit, derivative, sham, false, phony, mock, imitative, forged, fake, ersatz, bogus. ANTONYM: (adj) real copy: (n, v) counterfeit, duplicate, pattern, trace; (v) imitate, ape, follow; (adj, n, v) model; (n) imitation, transcription, reproduction. ANTONYMS: (v) create, originate; (n) master cord: (n) band, bond, tie, twine, tape, whipcord, thread, yarn, lace, rope, leash cords: (n) trousers, bands, line, strings, corduroys, raised bands corner: (n) bend, angle, nook, dilemma, recess, hole, coign, predicament, niche; (n, v) turn; (adj) angular. ANTONYMS: (v) free; (n) solution corners: (adj) cornered corrupted: (adj) tainted, rotten, spoiled, degraded, adulterated, depraved, distorted, decayed, impaired, debased; (n) corrupter.

ANTONYM: (adj) pure corruption: (n) depravity, pollution, adulteration, filth, infection, vitiation, taint, bribery, canker, blight, foulness. ANTONYMS: (n) purification, incorruptness, decency, honesty, morality, pureness, incorruption, purity, righteousness, scruples, virtue couch: (n) bed, sofa, settee, divan; (adj, v) lie; (v) express, put, frame, lower, repose; (adj) recline counsel: (v) advise, consult, admonish, confer, warn; (n, v) caution, advocate; (n) barrister, advisement, consultation, admonition. ANTONYMS: (v) betray, trick, deceive, conceal, oppose; (n) warning count: (v) compute, weigh, consider, estimate, matter; (n, v) calculate, tally, number, total; (n) calculation, computation. ANTONYMS: (v) guess, except, estimate, disregard, dismiss, abandon, ignore, subtract countercheck: (n) counterfoil, countermark, countersign, obstacle, impediment; (v) negate, neutralize, antagonize, cancel, contain, redress country: (n) nation, home, land, place, area, territory, commonwealth, soil, kingdom, realm; (adj) rustic. ANTONYMS: (adj) urban, metropolitan; (adj, n) city; (n) metropolis counts: (adj) details, particulars, items coupled: (adj) conjugate, linked, united, double, joined, associated, conjugated, attached, fixed, twin, paired. ANTONYM: (adj) unrelated courage: (n) audacity, fortitude, boldness, nerve, spirit, backbone, valor, heroism, gallantry, mettle, chivalry. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, faintheartedness, weakness, wimpiness, yellowness course: (n, v) stream, flow; (n) bearing, route, career, track, path, road, channel; (adj, n) current; (v) chase. ANTONYM: (v) trickle court: (n) forum, bar, close, field, tribunal, passage, judicatory, judge; (v) romance, attract; (n, v) invite. ANTONYMS: (v) shun, reject, ignore, spurn, disregard, discourage cousin: (n) nephew, cousins, friend, cousinship, relation, akin, relative, full cousin, companion cover: (n, v) coat, top, conceal, screen, cloak, veil, shield, spread; (v) bury; (n) blanket, binding. ANTONYMS:

William Shakespeare (v) reveal, expose, uncover, exclude, ignore, abandon, strip, free, forget, omit; (n) exposure coward: (n) cur, pantywaist, sneak, dastard, milksop, weakling, milquetoast; (adj) gutless, chickenhearted, pusillanimous, chicken-hearted. ANTONYMS: (n) daredevil, stalwart; (adj) brave crack: (n, v) chink, fracture, split, fissure, crevice, burst, snap, breach, clap, check; (n) cleft. ANTONYMS: (n, v) mend; (v) set, misunderstand, misinterpret, fix, compose; (adj) mediocre, lowly, inferior, deficient cracker: (n) banger, biscuit, firecracker, firework, soda cracker, pyrotechnics, favor; (v) squib, popgun, gun, doughnut crafty: (adj) cunning, adroit, sly, astute, artful, wily, clever, tricky, shifty, designing, scheming. ANTONYMS: (adj) naive, open, honest, guileless, artless, straightforward, trustworthy, ingenuous, blatant, straight create: (v) cause, make, bring about, produce, constitute, form, establish, generate, build, beget, institute. ANTONYMS: (v) terminate, ruin, demolish, end, disband creature: (n) being, brute, animal, tool, individual, person, body, entity, human, puppet, somebody creep: (v) grovel, sneak, steal, fawn, lurk, truckle, cringe; (n) creeping, crawling, toady, sycophant. ANTONYMS: (v) race, dash, hasten, hurry, speed, fly crest: (n, v) crown, top, peak, climax; (n) summit, brow, cockscomb, acme, pinnacle, zenith; (v) cap. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom, nadir, trough crier: (n) herald, town crier, bellman, announcer, weeper, trumpeter, roarer, pursuivant, unfortunate, messenger, yeller crimson: (adj, n) carmine, ruby, scarlet, maroon; (v) blush, flush, redden; (adj) bloody, ruddy, cherry; (n) deep red crooked: (adj) bent, corrupt, dishonest, curved, unfair, deformed; (adj, n, v) awry; (adj, v) irregular, askew, wry, indirect. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, honest, principled, even, aboveboard, lawful, level, moral, flat, aligned, honorable crouch: (v) bend, couch, cringe, squat, sneak, bow, huddle, stoop, lie down, crawl, hunch

crown: (n, v) top, cover; (v) cap, complete; (n) apex, pinnacle, crest, summit, peak, kingdom, acme. ANTONYMS: (n) base, bottom; (v) dishonor, dethrone, begin, commence, start, depose crowned: (adj) laureled, fulfilled, browbound, incoronate, successful cruel: (adj, v) hard, harsh, sharp, severe; (adj) barbarous, unkind, brutal, bloody, bitter, savage, atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) merciful, gentle, sympathetic, humane, liberal, compassionate, charitable, friendly, caring, considerate, libertarian crumble: (v) decay, shatter, perish, crush, fragment, decompose, fall apart, disintegrate, break down, collapse; (adj, v) crack. ANTONYMS: (v) build, resist crying: (adj, v) exigent, instant, pressing, urgent; (adj) insistent, clamant, imperative, blatant; (n) weeping; (v) weep; (adj, n) sniveling crystal: (adj) clear, bright, translucent, pebble, crag, stone; (n) watch glass, quartz, gem, vitrite; (adj, n) rock. ANTONYMS: (adj) foggy, murky cudgel: (n) bludgeon, truncheon, stick, staff, switch, mace, baton; (v) beat, bat, hit, drub cull: (v) pick, collect, pluck, select, extract, glean, reap, gather, compile, amass, sort cunning: (adj) crafty, canny, adroit, wily, sly, shrewd, tricky, artful; (n) craftiness, craft, cleverness. ANTONYMS: (adj) simple, honest, stupid, unimaginative, gullible, ingenuous, straightforward, candid, sincere; (n) frankness, straightforwardness cure: (n, v) correct, medicine, help; (n) antidote, salve, therapy, treatment; (v) treat, pickle, preserve, restore. ANTONYMS: (n) poison; (v) injure, hurt, harm, wound, damage, exacerbate curing: (n) hardening, ageing, drying, rectification, vulcanization, preservation; (adj) curative, remedial, corrective, comforting, medicinal current: (n) flow, electric current, run; (adj) contemporary, instant, fashionable, common, rife, prevalent, present; (n, prep) course. ANTONYMS: (adj) past, obsolete, previous, old, dated, antiquated, historical, bygone, noncurrent, antique

137 curse: (n, v) blight, plague; (n) anathema, blasphemy, malediction, denunciation; (adj, v) beshrew; (v) swear, ban, damn, vituperate. ANTONYMS: (n) blessing, benediction, making; (v) communicate curses: (n) abuse cutting: (adj) biting, keen, caustic, bitter, acrimonious, incisive, raw; (adj, n) acute; (n) cut, slip; (adj, v) satirical. ANTONYMS: (adj) blunt, complimentary, flattering, kind, pleasant, hot, consoling; (n) extension, freedom, expansion, addition cygnet: (n) swan, Dendrocygna, aberdevine, cushat, wood pigeon, siskin, ringdove daily: (adj, n) journal; (adj, adv) every day; (adj, v) diurnal; (adj) everyday, regular; (n) tabloid, gazette, paper, dailies; (adv) each day, day by day. ANTONYMS: (adj) nightly, intermittent, sporadic damned: (adj) accursed, doomed, blasted, condemned, damn, cussed, wretched, infernal, hateful, goddamned; (adv) damnably. ANTONYM: (adj) saved dancing: (n) choreography, Terpsichore, saltation, break dancing, ceremonial dance, galloping, hoofing, Pavan; (adj) morrice; (adv) adance; (v) saltant danger: (n) risk, peril, hazard, chance, jeopardy, threat, trouble, precariousness, slipperiness, disaster, insecurity. ANTONYMS: (n) security, ease, privilege dangerous: (adj, n) critical; (adj) severe, serious, grave, adventurous, unhealthy, precarious, hazardous, perilous, threatening, chancy. ANTONYMS: (adj) stable, secure, protected, unhazardous, slight, weak, harmless, friendly, favorable, calm, pleasant dare: (n, v) venture; (v) defy, brave, hazard, confront, risk, resist, make bold; (n) adventure, daring, defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) avoid, flee, pass, refrain, retreat, obey darkly: (adv) murkily, dimly, obscurely, duskily, somberly, shadily, mistily, secretly, dismally, heavily, overcastly. ANTONYM: (adv) openly date: (n) appointment, engagement, period, meeting, epoch, assignation, dating, day of the month; (n, v) escort; (v) register, determine

138 daughter: (n) child, son, maiden, young woman, daughterly, lass, unmarried woman, damsel, miss, missy, virgin dauntless: (adj) brave, bold, audacious, daring, fearless, intrepid, stout, heroic, valiant, confident, gallant. ANTONYMS: (adj) irresolute, terrified, scared, poltroon, fearful, daunted, frightened, afraid, cowardly dauphin: (n) crown prince days: (n) period, life, time, age, existence, generation, years, being, era, living, lifetime dead: (adj) lifeless, defunct, cold, inanimate, idle, gone, fallen, numb, deceased, vapid; (adv) right. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) living; (adj) alive, animate, live, spirited, responsive, working, partial, operative; (adv) partly, partially deadly: (adj, adv) deathly; (adj) baneful, lethal, fatal, destructive, mortal, pernicious, virulent, toxic; (adv) lifelessly, lethally. ANTONYMS: (adj) interesting, uplifting, readable, mild, healthy, healthful, benign, innocuous, exciting deal: (v) administer, allot, conduct, truck, distribute, apportion; (n, v) buy, trade, contract; (n) agreement, arrangement. ANTONYMS: (n) purchase; (v) misdirect, receive, neglect, mishandle, mismanage, take, ignore, hold, gather, disregard dear: (adj, adv) close, near; (adj, n) darling; (adj) costly, expensive, lovely, precious, affectionate, adorable, cherished; (n) love. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, inexpensive, valueless, despised, modest, loathed, hateful, distant; (n) rival, foe, enemy dearly: (adv) affectionately, preciously, darlingly, sweetly, petly, expensively, belovedly, intimately, highly, heartfeltly, lovely death: (n) expiration, end, close, exit, fate, mortality, departure, cessation, decease, dissolution; (adj) quietus. ANTONYMS: (n) existence, delivery, living, nascency, being, survival, life, beginning decay: (adj, n, v) decline; (v) decompose, crumble, corrupt; (n, v) blight, ebb, rust, collapse; (n) decomposition, corruption, disintegration. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish, grow, thrive, strengthen, ripen, develop; (n) vigor,

King John development deceased: (adj, n) departed; (n) dead person, cadaver, decedent; (adj) defunct, asleep, passed away, passed on, extinct, lifeless, late. ANTONYMS: (adj) living, awake, animated deceit: (n) guile, artifice, deception, falsehood, ruse, pretense, fraud, trickery; (adj, n) cunning, craft, art. ANTONYMS: (n) sincerity, truthfulness, fairness, frankness, loyalty, straightforwardness, uprightness, truth deed: (n) accomplishment, act, feat, behavior, action, exploit, covenant, doing, document, title, fact. ANTONYM: (n) failure deeds: (n) works, activity, actions, conduct, background, events, happenings, performance, activities deep: (adj) thick, profound, strong, rich, broad, sound, absorbed, wide, abstruse, dark; (adj, v) intense. ANTONYMS: (adj) superficial, high, weak, soft, light, open, frivolous, lightweight, narrow, straightforward, simple defence: (n) advocacy, safeguard, defense, defend, defensive, alibi, umbrella, vindication, fort, bastion, denial. ANTONYM: (n) prosecution defend: (n, v) guard, shield, advocate; (v) justify, protect, assert, support, maintain, champion, apologize, shelter. ANTONYMS: (v) prosecute, abandon, endanger, surrender, renounce, oppose, forsake, assault, contradict, destroy, expose defiance: (n) challenge, opposition, rebellion, insubordination, rebelliousness, disobedience, resistance, contempt, intractableness, mutiny, contradiction. ANTONYMS: (n) acceptance, surrender, deference, conformance, submission, acquiescence, cooperation, loyalty, meekness, support, agreement defy: (n, v) dare; (v) brave, resist, ignore, confront, revolt, oppose, withstand, disobey, contradict; (n) defiance. ANTONYMS: (v) obey, acquiesce, surrender, yield, comply, accept degenerate: (adj) corrupt, debauched, depraved, dissolute; (v) decay, degrade, relapse, decline, drop, rot; (adj, n) profligate. ANTONYMS: (adj) upright, honorable, moral, healthy, virtuous, regenerate; (v)

develop, flourish, recuperate, uplift, upgrade deliver: (v) consign, bear, carry, save, rescue, abandon, send, pronounce, hand over, bring; (adj, v) utter. ANTONYMS: (v) capture, confine, imprison, hold, oppress, enslave, restrain, retain, collect, withhold, shackle demand: (v) ask, require, ask for, beg; (n, v) need, request, command, appeal, requisition, sale; (n) requirement. ANTONYMS: (v) grant, offer, obviate, give, eliminate, cede, beg, present, request; (n) response, plea denounce: (v) censure, decry, accuse, brand, criticize, damn, reproach, excoriate, betray, arraign, scold. ANTONYMS: (v) commend, compliment, honor, laud, approve, support denouncing: (v) denounce; (adj) disparaging, critical, reproving, censorious, disapproving deny: (v) controvert, rebuff, contradict, disavow, gainsay, reject, oppose, refuse, disown, abnegate, renounce. ANTONYMS: (v) affirm, claim, acknowledge, declare, maintain, agree, spoil, accept, accede, allow, argue depart: (v) go, deviate, decease, diverge, start, stray, wander, leave, die, vary, part. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, arrive, enter, come, abide, conform, continue, remain, appear, converge, return departed: (adj) dead, bygone, late, former, bypast, defunct, past, left; (adj, v) gone, extinct; (n) decedent. ANTONYMS: (adj) remaining, alive departure: (n, v) decease, demise; (n) exit, leave, deviation, divergence, depart, parting, aberration, passing, takeoff. ANTONYMS: (n) appearance, conformity, greeting, ingress, influx, homecoming, regularity, entrance, birth, coming, advance deserve: (v) rate, warrant, gain, earn, to deserve, demand, justify, bear; (n, v) reward; (n) richly deserve, worth desires: (n) requirements, needs despair: (n) disappointment, desolation, dejection, melancholy, gloom, desperation, depression, dismay, discouragement, pessimism, sorrow. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, hopefulness, expectation, joy, cheer, cheerfulness, resilience, elation, joyfulness

William Shakespeare despatch: (n) shipment, expedition, communique, mission, consignment, sending, forwarding; (v) transmit, expedite, quicken, send desperate: (adj) despairing, dire, critical, abject, dangerous, in despair, grave, awful, despondent, drastic; (adj, v) forlorn. ANTONYMS: (adj) hopeful, optimistic, rational, promising, minor, cautious, casual, careful, trivial, secure, satisfied despite: (conj) although, albeit; (n) contempt, scorn, ill will, malice, disdain; (adv) though; (prep) in spite of, notwithstanding, regardless of destroy: (v) demolish, blight, despoil, subvert, dismantle, devour, wreck, devastate; (adj, v) desolate, abolish; (n, v) murder. ANTONYMS: (v) preserve, create, make, construct, protect, repair, restore, uphold, sustain, submit, revive destruction: (n, v) defeat; (n) death, ruin, collapse, demolition, devastation, downfall, abolition, damage, desolation, end. ANTONYMS: (n) preservation, protection, creation, reparation, formation, conservation, restoration, building, help, making, order determine: (v) ascertain, define, appoint, adjudicate, set, specify, conclude, measure, designate, assign; (adj, v) resolve. ANTONYMS: (v) yield, question, comply, procrastinate, postpone, overlook, Miss, ignore, hesitate, disregard, balk detestable: (adj) hateful, abhorrent, damnable, odious, offensive, despicable, execrable, horrible, infamous; (adj, v) cursed; (adj, adv) atrocious. ANTONYMS: (adj) admirable, adorable, sweet, loveable, lovable, likable, delightful, cherished, honorable, desirable, nice devil: (n) fiend, demon, ghost, monster, Lucifer, Satan, Beelzebub, deuce, daemon; (v) torment, rag. ANTONYM: (n) angel devise: (v) contrive, conceive, invent, plan, create, concoct, design, arrange, frame, formulate, excogitate devoured: (adj) eaten up devout: (adj) pious, devoted, saintly, heartfelt, holy, dear, devotional, hearty, earnest; (adj, v) pure; (adj, n) godly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, agnostic, impious,

irreverent, unbelieving, undevout, unholy, atheistic, secular, uncommitted dialogue: (n, v) talk; (n) colloquy, conversation, interview, interlocution, chat, conference, discussion, dialog, talks, communication difference: (n) conflict, disagreement, controversy, contention, distinction, discrepancy, dissimilarity, divergence, quarrel, discord; (n, v) change. ANTONYMS: (n) sameness, resemblance, correspondence, agreement, concurrence, understanding, parity, normality, likeness, accord, consistency differences: (n) difference; (v) agree, straighten out different: (adj) dissimilar, various, assorted, unusual, alien, miscellaneous, new, fresh, discrete, diverse; (v) differ. ANTONYMS: (adj) identical, corresponding, equal, like, typical, same, conventional, familiar, unified, uniform, Standard diffidence: (n) reserve, modesty, shyness, pudency, coyness, timorousness, doubt, humility, timidity, uncertainty, constraint. ANTONYMS: (n) approachability, arrogance, security, brashness direction: (n, v) conduct, charge, management; (n) bearing, guidance, command, course, instruction, rule, control, address directly: (adj, adv) immediately, forthwith; (adv) instantly, frankly, bluntly, personally, straightly, straightforwardly, at once, outspokenly, sincerely. ANTONYMS: (adv) obliquely, later, ambiguously, equivocally, subsequently, hesitantly, eventually, distantly, whenever, wrong, untruthfully disallow: (v) forbid, bar, deny, prohibit, veto, outlaw, exclude, proscribe, enjoin, decline, disapprove. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, accept, let, pass, approve discarded: (adj) waste, junked, scrap, unwanted, unnecessary, useless, throwaway, surplus, superfluous, unused, obsolete discipline: (v) castigate, train, chastise, chasten, educate, correct; (n, v) exercise, practice, drill; (n) chastisement, correction. ANTONYMS: (n) indiscipline, permissiveness, laziness, disorganization, confusion, reward,

139 abandon, negligence, persuasion; (v) commend, praise discontented: (adj, v) querulous, complaining; (adj) disaffected, disgruntled, malcontent, unsatisfied, dissatisfied, displeased, miserable, put out, ungratified. ANTONYMS: (adj) pleased, satisfied, happy, content discord: (n, v) conflict, clash; (n) disagreement, variance, division, difference, dissension, dissonance, strife, split, contention. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, harmony, unity, accord, concordance, consent, silence, concord; (v) match disguised: (adj) cloaked, concealed, masked, secret, hidden, veiled, in disguise, incognito, blind; (adj, v) private; (n) groggy. ANTONYMS: (adj) recognizable, unmasked, uncovered, uncloaked, revealed, open, obvious disjoin: (v) detach, disconnect, sever, divide, dissociate, uncouple, unyoke, disjoint, separate, divorce, disunite. ANTONYM: (v) join disjoining: (adj) disjunctive dismember: (v) dismantle, disintegrate, dissect, mutilate, quarter, take apart, disband, dislocate, kill, amputate, disassemble. ANTONYMS: (v) mend, rehabilitate, join, heal, restore dismiss: (v) cashier, disband, cast, discard, brush aside, can, bounce, cast off, cease, dispatch; (n, v) drop. ANTONYMS: (v) employ, welcome, signal, remember, recall, mobilize, maintain, keep, hold, engage, contract disorder: (n, v) ailment, disarray, disease, jumble, muddle; (n) clutter, disturbance, disarrangement; (v) derange, confuse, perturb. ANTONYMS: (n, v) order; (n) orderliness, calm, peace, tranquility, health; (v) organize, align, arrange, systematize, neaten dispiteous: (adj) cruel display: (n, v) exhibit, parade, array, scene; (v) disclose, produce, expose, flaunt; (n) presentation, appearance, screen. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, hide, cover, mask, disguise, camouflage, fold, absorb; (n) hiding, understatement, modesty displeasure: (n) resentment, discomfort, dissatisfaction, dislike, discontent, exasperation, disfavor, annoyance, offense, pique,

140 disapproval. ANTONYMS: (n) satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment, happiness, delight, contentment, equanimity, approval disposing: (adv) disposingly; (v) dispose; (adj) decretive, dispositive; (n) distribution dispossess: (v) bereave, divest, deprive, eject, rob, disinherit, remove, expel, evict, expropriate, oust. ANTONYMS: (v) provide, bequeath disrobe: (v) strip, deprive, dismantle, unclothe, divest, discase, uncover, unrobe, denude, strip off, peel. ANTONYM: (v) clothe dissever: (v) divide, break, cleave, carve up, split, separate, sever, disconnect, parcel, split up, divorce. ANTONYM: (v) unite dive: (n, v) plunge, jump, fall, drop, header; (v) duck, crash, plummet, pounce, descend; (n) diving. ANTONYMS: (v) ascend, vault, rise, surface; (n) ascent, jump divers: (adj, v) sundry, various, separate; (adj) several, many, diverse, miscellaneous, not a few, varied; (v) diversified; (n) diver divided: (adj) cleft, detached, distributed, forked, shared, separated, separate, disjointed, branched, pronged, disunited divinely: (adv) holy, wonderfully, exquisitely, priestly, beautifully, religiously, spiritually, almightily, magnificently, sacredly, godly doff: (v) remove, divest, undress, disrobe, shed, uncase, unclothe, dismount, discase, do, deduct dogged: (adj) obdurate, stubborn, willful, bullheaded, insistent, obstinate, tenacious, wilful, untiring, resolute, persistent. ANTONYMS: (adj) yielding, compromising, indifferent, undetermined doing: (n) act, do, deed, making, performance, execution, perpetration, acting; (v) to make, to do; (adj) current. ANTONYM: (n) failure doleful: (adj) mournful, sorrowful, sad, disconsolate, melancholy, miserable, piteous, dolorous, somber, woeful; (adj, v) dolesome. ANTONYMS: (adj) gleeful, happy, glad, cheery, elated, euphoric done: (adj, adv) finished, ended; (adj) complete, completed, over, made, gone, accomplished, concluded, through, cooked. ANTONYMS: (adj) unsettled, disapproved, incomplete,

King John rare, raw, rejected, uncooked, undone, unfulfilled, unsanctioned door: (n) threshold, mouth, entrance, doorway, entry, opening, access, entryway, way out, portal, hatch. ANTONYM: (n) entrance double: (adj, n) twin; (adj) dual, duple, twofold; (v) fold, bend, geminate; (adj, v) reduplicate; (n) substitute, mate, image. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) single; (v) decrease, divide, halve; (adj) multivalent, univalent, lone doubt: (n, v) suspicion, question, query, dispute; (n) disbelief, misgiving, incertitude, apprehension, uncertainty; (adj, n) skepticism; (v) suspect. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, confidence, conclusiveness, belief, certitude, faith, approval; (v) accept, believe, consider, swallow doubtful: (adj) dubious, debatable, distrustful, questionable, queer, suspicious, tentative, disputable, diffident, unsettled, unsure. ANTONYMS: (adj) trusting, convinced, reliable, confident, persuaded, provable, sure, hopeful, promising, likely, indubitable doubtless: (adv) assuredly, undoubtedly, probably, unquestionably, clearly, without doubt, presumably; (adj) sure; (adv, v) questionless; (adj, adv) no doubt, to be sure. ANTONYMS: (adj) improbably, uncertain, unlikely, questionable doubts: (adj) doubting dover: (n) dove, capital of Delaware dowry: (n) dot, inheritance, gift, alimony, dowery, portion, jointure, grant, share, endowment, heritage dozen: (adj, n) XII; (n) dozens, boxcars dragon: (adj) wyvern, cockatrice, tiger, wild beast, sea serpent, scold, madcap; (adj, n) shrew; (n) demon, beldame, Megaera draw: (n, v) drag, pull, delineate, tie, design, puff; (v) depict, describe, derive, bring; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, deposit, shove, shorten, thrust, cut, curtail, contract, alienate; (n) repulsion, win drawn: (adj) careworn, worn, drew, pinched, gaunt, taut, tired, cadaverous, thin, tense, withdraw. ANTONYMS: (adj) rested, robust, refreshed, hale, fresh, vigorous, carefree dreadful: (adj) bad, awful, alarming,

atrocious, fearful, terrible, abominable, appalling, direful, grisly; (adj, v) dread. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, great, lovely, fantastic, marvelous, admirable, successful, nice, joyous, honorable, fair dreamer: (n) romancer, visionary, daydreamer, woolgatherer, seer, sleeper, slumberer, illusionist, logician, philosopher, escapist drew: (n) move, John Drew drift: (adj, n) stream; (n) current, course, tendency, tone, intent; (adj, n, v) flow; (n, v) aim, blow; (v) ramble, float. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, struggle, set, sink, aim, repel drink: (n, v) beverage, draught, swallow; (n) alcohol, brew, potion, intoxicant; (v) booze, carouse, bib, swig. ANTONYMS: (v) regurgitate, sip, abstain drive: (n, v) ride, push, force, crusade, urge, thrust, campaign, cause; (v) compel, chase, actuate. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, inertia, lethargy, walk, indifference; (v) discourage, repress, stop, prevent, inhibit, dissuade droop: (adj, v) decline; (v) dangle, wilt, hang, flag, sink, slump, loll, collapse; (n, v) sag, pine. ANTONYMS: (v) rise, bloom drop: (n, v) decline, dribble, deposit, decrease, jump, ebb; (adj, n, v) collapse; (v) droop, sink, cast, drip. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase; (v) lift, pour, sharpen, raise, recuperate; (n) growth, mass, lot, upswing, elevation dross: (n) trash, rubbish, scoria, refuse, slag, waste, impurity, dregs, garbage, offal, cinder drown: (v) drench, submerge, overwhelm, choke, engulf, flood, swamp, inundate, suffocate, asphyxiate; (adj, n, v) sink. ANTONYMS: (v) float, swim, amplify, dry drowsy: (adj, n) sleepy; (adj) lazy, comatose, somnolent, slow, lethargic, sluggish, dull, indolent, soporific, listless. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, awake, lively, vigorous, vivacious, refreshed drum: (adj, n) barrel; (n) cask, tympan, cylinder, timbrel, tambour, tambourine; (v) beat, roll, bone up, ram drums: (n) drumming duke: (n) lord, prince, hand, nobleman, fist, chief; (v) pass, box,

William Shakespeare deliver dull: (adj) dreary, dense, sluggish, dismal, slack, torpid; (adj, v) blunt, stupid; (v) deaden, dampen; (adj, n) cold. ANTONYMS: (adj) lively, sharp, stimulating, exciting, lustrous, interesting, exhilarating, varied, glossy, glittery, luminous dumb: (adj) mute, speechless, dense, dim, silent, dull, slow, stupid, inarticulate, foolish, obtuse. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, communicative, intelligent, loquacious, sharp, smart, speaking, brilliant, talkative dunghill: (adj) base, craven, jakes, sink, recreant, privy; (n) unsanitariness, laystall, mixen, muckheap, muckhill dust: (v) sprinkle, clean, spray, wipe, spread; (n) dirt, earth, relics, grit, remains, soil. ANTONYMS: (n) newness; (v) dirty duty: (n) function, commitment, obligation, chore, assignment, office, dues, job, responsibility, must; (n, v) charge. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, option dwarfish: (adj) stunted, dwarfed, short, scrubby, little, tiny, puny, midget, miniature, small, petty dying: (n) death, demise, decease, mortality; (adj) vanishing, moribund, last, final, ultimate, failing, ebbing. ANTONYMS: (adj) thriving, well, opening, aborning, developing, flourishing, growing, reviving, rejuvenating; (n) birth each: (adv) apiece, either, individually; (adj) every, various, singular; (adj, det) any; (n) anyone, an, anybody, everyone eagle: (n) bird of Jove, colors, double eagle, oriflamme, oriflamb, raptor, labarum, emblem, flag, dibs, streamer earl: (n) baron, jarl, peer, thane, viscount, banneret, chief, lord early: (adv) betimes, soon; (adj) initial, primitive, young, prompt, first, quick; (n) beginning, morning, prior. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) late, later; (adj) delayed, slow, tardy, conclusive, latter, middle; (adv) belatedly, tardily, expectedly ears: (n) antenna earth: (n) world, dust, ground, land, lair, dry land, terra firma, clay, creation, ball, country earthly: (adj, n) terrestrial; (adj) carnal, worldly, conceivable, human, geotic, secular, terrene,

temporal, telluric, sublunary. ANTONYMS: (adj) spiritual, divine, ethereal, immortal, impossible, improbable, inconceivable, celestial earthquake: (n) tremor, shock, quake, temblor, cataclysm, upheaval, seaquake, avalanche; (adj) thunderstorm, volcano, seismic ease: (v) alleviate, assuage, relieve, allay; (n) convenience, rest, leisure, relief, satisfaction; (adj, v) facilitate; (n, v) relax. ANTONYMS: (n) discomfort, formality, awkwardness, worry, toil, problem, pain, maladroitness; (v) aggravate, worsen, impede easily: (adv) lightly, smoothly, facilely, fluently, readily, plainly, comfortably, uncomplicatedly, calmly, slowly, conveniently. ANTONYMS: (adv) hardly, unquestionably, laboriously, difficultly, barely, arduously, affectedly, inconveniently, seriously, formally east: (n) orient, e, Levant, easting, east side, EST, cardinal compass point; (adj) eastern; (adv) eastwards. ANTONYM: (adj) west easy: (adj) convenient, gentle, familiar, graceful, at ease, light, lenient, clear, contented, cozy; (adj, adv) soft. ANTONYMS: (adj) arduous, laborious, demanding, hard, strenuous, particular, burdensome, tough, uneasy, awkward, testing echo: (n, v) answer, repeat, resound, rebound, reply; (v) reproduce, reverberate, imitate; (n) repercussion, reaction, replication education: (n) discipline, instruction, teaching, cultivation, breeding, school, culture, nurture, knowledge, background, learning. ANTONYM: (n) illiteracy e'er: (adv) ever, forever effect: (n, prep) consequence; (v) accomplish, achieve, bring about, create, complete, cause, do; (n) product, sequel; (n, v) result. ANTONYMS: (n) reason, cause; (v) impede, fail effusion: (n) effluence, eruption, outpour, efflux, outburst, exudation, extrusion, exhalation, emanation, emission, flow either: (adj) whatever; (adv) too, also, neither, besides, likewise; (n) or; (det) any; (conj) other elbow: (n, v) poke, nudge, jolt; (n) cubitus, elbow joint, angle,

141 articulation; (v) jostle, push, shove, crowd elder: (adj) older, big, adult; (n) dean, doyen, patriarch, ancient, boss, elderberry, superior, presbyter. ANTONYMS: (n) youngster, minor, child, inferior; (adj) youngest, younger, little eldest: (adj) elder, older, oldest, eigne; (n) offspring, progeny, doyen else: (adv) besides, yet, to boot, in addition, moreover; (pron) another; (n) or; (adj) different, other, further, additional embassy: (n) legation, delegation, mission, commission, errand, ambassage, corps diplomatique, communication, cable, diplomat, diplomatist embracing: (n) embrace, hugging, kissing, taking on, implementation, espousal, clutches; (adj) twining, osculant, grasping, close emperor: (n) sovereign, ruler, monarch, imperator, mikado, king, Saturnia pavonia, crowned head, emperors, protector, saturniid employ: (v) use, apply, exploit, consume, wield, hire, engage, exercise, work, busy, utilize. ANTONYMS: (v) fire, dismiss, can, ignore, misuse, sack, underuse; (n) unemployment employment: (n, v) business, employ, use, trade, calling, profession; (adj, n) work, career; (n) occupation, duty, service empty: (adj, v) clear, discharge, destitute, void; (adj) hollow, bare, blank, barren, abandoned; (v) deplete, pour. ANTONYMS: (adj) crowded, meaningful, packed, occupied, inhabited, swarming, brimming, laden, filled, cultivated; (v) fill encounter: (n) collision, conflict, battle, action, confrontation, brush; (n, v) combat, contest, rencounter; (v) confront, face. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, surrender, evade, avoid, yield; (n) shunning, avoidance, withdrawal endeared: (adj) dear endeavour: (n) attempt, effort, pains, trial, try, enterprise, striving, contribution, braving; (v) exert, strive ending: (n) conclusion, end, closure, close, completion, finish, termination, dissolution, death; (adj, n) closing, last. ANTONYMS: (n) beginning, middle, commencement,

142 inauguration, kickoff, prelude, establishment; (adj) first ends: (n) tops, crook, band, bend, bind, limits, clippings, curve, trimmings, boundaries enemy: (n) antagonist, opponent, foe, opposition, competitor, enmity, assailant, foeman, hostile, besieger; (adj, n) rival. ANTONYMS: (n) ally, friend, supporter, benefactor, defender, fan enforce: (v) compel, constrain, carry out, implement, impose, execute, apply, drive, dispense, effect; (n, v) force. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relax, neglect, forget, exempt, disregard, abandon enfranchisement: (n) freedom, certification, accreditation, emancipation, deliverance, lib, liberty, release, liberation, manumission, credentials. ANTONYM: (n) disenfranchisement england: (n) Britain, British, UK, United Kingdom, Albion, British Empire english: (n) English language, Englishwoman, Britain, Englishman, side, the English, English people; (adj) Anglican; (v) Anglify enjoy: (v) hold, have, relish, bask, appreciate, own, rejoice, revel, love, experience; (adj, v) like. ANTONYMS: (v) need, suffer, loathe, lack, hate, detest, despise, want enkindled: (adj) ignited, lighted, kindled, burning; (prep) inflamed enough: (adj) ample, adequate, competent, decent; (n) adequacy, sufficiency, fill; (adv) rather, amply, adequately; (adv, n) plenty. ANTONYMS: (adj) insufficient, deficient, wanting, scant; (adv) insufficiently, inadequately; (n) insufficiency, deficiency, inadequacy, shortage enraged: (adj) angered, furious, infuriated, irate, mad, livid, incensed, exasperated, raging, irritated, boiling enter: (v) enroll, embark, chronicle, book, record, input, arrive, come, pierce, register, penetrate. ANTONYMS: (v) depart, exit, delete, stop, refrain, erase, egress, abstain, cancel, exclude, disembark enterprise: (n) business, company, concern, endeavor, activity, adventure, energy, effort, courage, venture, endeavour. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, apathy, laziness,

King John passiveness, sloth, idleness entertain: (v) amuse, delight, bear, cherish, beguile, admit, accommodate, harbor, hold, distract; (n, v) interest. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore, banish, forget, tire, displease entrance: (v) enchant, charm, captivate, bewitch, enrapture; (n) access, entry, admittance, threshold, arrival, door. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, exit, egress, egression, exiting, exclusion, retirement; (v) bore, repel, repulse entreat: (v) beg, beseech, ask, implore, pray, adjure, appeal, request, conjure, crave, bid. ANTONYMS: (v) demand, reject envy: (v) begrudge, want; (n) enviousness, desire, heartburning, resentment, envies, heartburn, jealousy, hatred; (adj) jealous. ANTONYM: (n) generosity equal: (v) compare, equalize, equate; (adj, v) agree, correspond, even, equivalent; (adj) comparable; (n) compeer; (adj, n, v) rival, parallel. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, repressive, uneven, disproportionate, inconsistent, unlike, dissimilar, discriminating, diverse; (v) differ, disproportion equity: (n) fairness, reasonableness, righteousness, right, probity, justness; (adj, n) honesty, candor, integrity, uprightness; (adj) impartial. ANTONYMS: (n) partiality, balance, bias, discrimination, inequity, injustice errand: (n) chore, mission, job, task, assignment, embassy, duty, charge, messenger, communication, work error: (n) blunder, fault, mistake, delusion, lapse, oversight, miss, guilt, crime, defect; (adj, n) wrong. ANTONYMS: (n) correctness, fact, accuracy espy: (v) discover, descry, behold, detect, spy, spot, see, distinguish, recognize, perceive, notice estate: (n) land, order, demesne, rank, domain, property, acres, substance, state, asset, assets eternal: (adj) constant, perpetual, ceaseless, everlasting, lasting, continual, aeonian, immortal, boundless, deathless, enduring. ANTONYMS: (adj) mortal, finite, brief, ephemeral, fleeting, terminable, ending, fragile, inconstant evening: (n) even, dusk, dark, eve,

twilight, sunset, eventide, nightfall, sundown, night, period. ANTONYMS: (n) daybreak, sunrise, sunup, morning ever: (adj, adv) always, continually; (adj) constantly, still, forever; (adv) never, e'er, before, once, perpetually; (n) Evers. ANTONYM: (adv) erratically everlasting: (adj) eternal, ceaseless, endless, constant, continual, perpetual, immortal, deathless, ageless, aeonian; (adj, n) lasting. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, ephemeral, fleeting, mortal, ending, terminating, inconstant, fragile, perishable everlastingly: (adv) perpetually, always, lastingly, continually, endlessly, unendingly, incessantly, permanently, constantly, undyingly; (adj, adv) forever evermore: (adj, adv) always, forever, ever; (adv) everlastingly, forevermore, perpetually, ever and again, for all time, until the end of time. ANTONYMS: (adv) temporarily, suddenly every: (adj) each, total, whole, any, thorough; (n) everybody, everyone, everything; (adv) apiece, either; (pron) every one evil: (adj) bad, criminal, corrupt, wicked, destructive, depraved; (adj, n) ill, detriment; (n) adversity, disaster, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) goodness, righteousness, morality; (adj) kindhearted, righteous, benign, moral, pure, upright, virtuous, sinless evilly: (adv) wickedly, wrongly, badly, viciously, illy, sinfully, nefariously, perniciously, mischievously, mischiefly, injuriously evils: (n) mala examined: (adj) qualified, studied, considered example: (n) exemplar, illustration, instance, sample, lead, paradigm, prototype, pattern, design, guide, precedent except: (adj, conj, prep) save; (v) exclude, demur, omit, elide; (adv, conj, prep) but; (adv, prep) besides; (prep) excepting, excluding, aside from; (conj, n) without. ANTONYMS: (prep) including; (v) receive, admit excess: (n) extravagance, dissipation, plethora, abundance, exaggeration, overindulgence, surfeit,

William Shakespeare overabundance, overplus; (adj) extra, unnecessary. ANTONYMS: (n) lack, restraint, moderation, shortfall, dearth, temperance, deficit, insufficiency, justice, scarcity, abstinence excommunicate: (v) curse, exclude, damn, proscribe, denounce, banish, fulminate, thunder against; (adj) blackball, exile, expatriate. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, include, welcome excusing: (n) defense; (adj) exculpatory, lenient, extenuating, easy, tolerant exhalation: (n) emanation, expiration, breathing out, steam, vapour, emission, fumes, vapor, puff, effusion, wind exit: (n) departure, door, egress, outlet, going, gate, way out; (v) leave, go, go out, die. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival, entry, entrance, greeting; (v) arrive, come expectation: (n) expectancy, belief, hope, possibility, outlook, trust, confidence, arithmetic mean, thought, suspense; (n, v) prospect. ANTONYMS: (n) despair, hopelessness, discouragement, distrust expected: (adj) likely, expect, predictable, prospective, anticipated, usual, conventional, intended, due, assumed, hoped-for. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, surprising, unconventional, unexpected, unlikely, exceptional expedient: (adj) fit, advisable, becoming, desirable, adequate, apt, convenient, suitable; (n) contrivance, resource, artifice. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, inexpedient, impractical, futile, detrimental, inconvenient, foolish expedition: (n) dispatch, travel, celerity, speed, haste, readiness, quest, tour; (n, v) campaign, journey, crusade. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, procrastination, slowing express: (adj) explicit, direct, definite, distinct, especial; (n, v) declare; (v) demonstrate, convey, articulate, display, mean. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, hide, retain; (adj) vague, slow, unexpressed, roundabout, unsaid, uncertain, indirect; (n) local external: (adj, n, prep) exterior; (adj) outside, extrinsic, extraneous, outward, outlying, foreign, peripheral, superficial, formal, objective. ANTONYMS: (adj) inner,

internal, domestic, inmost, inside, indoor, outgoing, inward, intrinsic, deep, relevant extremes: (n) excess; (adv) overboard eyeless: (adj) sightless, visionless, unsighted, unseeing, blinder eyes: (n) sight, eye, vision, view, baby blues, guard, propensity, eyen face: (adj, n, v) front; (v) confront, audacity; (n, v) look, aspect, top; (n) side, expression, countenance, exterior, facade. ANTONYMS: (n, v) back; (n) timidity, nobody, underside, shyness, rear; (v) evade, elude, hide, withdraw, submit faint: (adj, n, v) swoon; (adj) dim, feeble, dizzy, indistinct, vague, soft, dull; (adj, v) weak; (v) languish, pass out. ANTONYMS: (adj) distinct, clear, obvious, loud, considerable, pungent, invigorated, hearty, energetic, defined; (v) revive fainting: (n) swoon, syncope, deliquium, lipothymy, prostration, stupor; (adj) lipothymic faintly: (adv) dimly, vaguely, indistinctly, lightly, weakly, hazily, slightly, softly, shadowily, infirmly, palely. ANTONYMS: (adv) clearly, intensely, distinctly, overpoweringly, harshly, considerably, powerfully, strongly, brightly, obviously, audibly fair: (adj) clear, beautiful, sweet, reasonable, dispassionate, average, fine, impartial; (adj, v) bright; (adj, adv) clean; (n) blonde. ANTONYMS: (adj) biased, unjust, exceptional, dark, partial, mismatched, unwarranted, foul, imbalanced, prejudiced, poor fairly: (adj, adv) justly; (adv) moderately, honestly, completely, purely, impartially, somewhat, righteously, lightly, rightly, squarely. ANTONYMS: (adv) unjustly, extremely, subjectively, very, dishonestly, unreasonably, completely, entirely, unlawfully, excessively, wholly faith: (n) confidence, belief, conviction, trust, credence, credit, creed, assurance, cult, expectation, dependence. ANTONYMS: (n) disbelief, distrust, dubiosity, skepticism, despair, uncertainty, doubt, independence faithful: (adj, n) accurate, correct, exact, true; (adj) close, unfailing, dependable, devoted, sound, devout; (adj, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) unreliable, false,

143 inaccurate, unfaithful, unrealistic, faithless, perfidious, backstabbing, cheating, inexact, loose faithfully: (adv) exactly, accurately, sincerely, staunchly, precisely, truly, authentically, dutifully, literally, steadfastly, truely. ANTONYMS: (adv) unfaithfully, approximately, falsely, insincerely, carelessly, inaccurately faithless: (adj) dishonest, false, traitorous, treacherous, unfaithful, deceitful, untrustworthy, untrue, truthless, mendacious, perfidious. ANTONYMS: (adj) loyal, steadfast, true, honest fall: (n, v) decline, dip, rain, decrease, plunge, dive; (n) downfall, descent, autumn; (v) descend, sink. ANTONYMS: (n, v) increase, win, climb, triumph; (n) ascent, improvement, rising; (v) ascend, advance, conquer, elevate false: (adj, n) bastard; (adj, adv) counterfeit, deceitful; (adj) untrue, dishonest, erroneous, sham, assumed, artificial, fictitious, deceptive. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, genuine, faithful, factual, correct, natural, truthful, honest, valid, just, loyal falsehood: (n) fable, fabrication, deception, untruth, lie, fib, fiction, invention, dishonesty; (adj, n) deceit, falsity. ANTONYMS: (n) fact, honesty, reality falsely: (adv) incorrectly, fraudulently, deceptively, dishonestly, wrongly, erroneously, misleadingly, deceitfully, unfaithfully, spuriously, fictitiously. ANTONYMS: (adv) honestly, truthfully, faithfully, authentically, correctly, naturally, rightly familiarly: (adv) intimately, usually, ordinarily, nearly, frequently, commonly, regularly, informally, closely, acquaintedly, conventionally. ANTONYM: (adv) distantly fare: (n, v) do; (n) food, aliment, board, table, charge, chow, menu, traveller; (v) come, eat. ANTONYM: (v) stop farewell: (int, n) adieu; (n) bye, leave, valediction, adios, parting, goodbye, separation, departure, aloha; (int) bon voyage. ANTONYMS: (n) hello, salutation, welcome farther: (adj, adv, prep) beyond; (adj) additional, more, distant; (adv) furthermore, besides, abroad, in

144 addition, too; (adj, prep) outside; (pron) another. ANTONYMS: (prep) within; (adv) nearer, closer farthest: (adj) ultimate, extreme, farthermost, utmost, uttermost, last, furthermost, endmost, greatest, most distant; (adj, adv) remotest. ANTONYMS: (adv) closest, nearest fast: (adj, v) firm; (adj) dissolute, instant, agile, staunch, quick, hurried, fixed, rapid; (adv) soon, hard. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, loosely, sluggishly; (n) binge; (adj) sluggish, loose, unattached, plodding; (adj, adv) leisurely; (v) gorge, eat fasting: (n) abstinence, white sheet, shrift, sackcloth and ashes, maceration, lustration, flagellation, watching one's weight, hunger strike, penance; (v) calorie counting father: (n) dad, begetter, creator, abba, patriarch, beginner, founder, padre; (n, v) sire; (v) engender, generate. ANTONYMS: (n) disciple, follower fault: (adj, n, v) deficiency; (n) error, blot, delinquency, flaw, break, blunder; (adj, n) failing, blemish; (n, v) blame, crime. ANTONYMS: (n) strength, virtue, capability, innocence, perfection, credit, ease; (v) praise, absolve favour: (n) relief, goodness, assistance, office, favoritism, benignity; (v) choose, prefer, privilege, facilitate, approve fear: (n) awe, dismay, alarm, fright, consternation, care, anguish; (n, v) apprehension, doubt, concern, reverence. ANTONYMS: (n) fearlessness, reassurance, confidence, courage, valor, calm, boldness, security, equanimity, peace; (v) brave fearful: (adj, n) afraid; (adj, v) dreadful, cowardly; (adj) terrible, apprehensive, awful, timid, anxious, craven, frightful, eerie. ANTONYMS: (adj) rational, calm, confident, bold, unimpressed, charming, fearless, courageous, reassuring, unafraid, wonderful fearfully: (adv) timidly, timorously, awfully, apprehensively, horrendously, hideously, anxiously, appallingly, terribly; (adj, adv) shockingly, dreadfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) bravely, calmly, confidently, wonderfully, rationally, unconcernedly fears: (n) worries, uncertainties,

King John doubts, qualms, misgivings feast: (n, v) junket, fete; (n) entertainment, dinner, binge, spread, celebration, jamboree, carousal; (v) feed, eat. ANTONYMS: (v) abstain, starve; (n) snack feathers: (n) plumage, fur, indument, garment, garb, fine hair, clothing, dress, apparel, attire, array feature: (n) article, aspect, detail, character, characteristic, peculiarity, lineament, facet, appearance, quality; (n, v) mark. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard, ignore feeble: (adj) delicate, decrepit, ailing, helpless, powerless, poor, mild, lax, thin; (adj, v) faint, debilitated. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, vigorous, hearty, tough, effective, powerful, unrelenting, robust, potent, persuasive, able feed: (v) eat, dine, browse, encourage, board, diet, nourish, fatten; (n, v) nurture, provender; (n) aliment. ANTONYMS: (v) thwart, crave, desire, sap feel: (v) experience, finger, handle, consider, find; (n, v) sense, sound; (n) feeling, texture, atmosphere, air. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, doubt, question, mistrust, ignore, disregard, disbelieve, challenge feeling: (n) affection, feel, emotion, sensitivity, mood, hunch, opinion, belief, impression, atmosphere; (adj, n) sentiment. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, overtone, insensibility, certainty, insensitivity, hatred, trust; (adj) unfeeling fell: (v) cut, chop, bring down, drop, cut down; (adj) barbarous, cruel; (adj, v) prostrate, floor, knock down; (n) skin. ANTONYMS: (v) construct, erect, raise, build fellow: (adj, n) comrade, associate; (n) boy, equal, brother, peer, chap, colleague, compeer, buddy; (adj, n, v) concomitant. ANTONYMS: (n) female, woman, girl, foe, enemy, antagonist, competitor fellowship: (n) community, company, companionship, communion, camaraderie, society, comradeship, association, body; (adj, n) familiarity, acquaintance. ANTONYMS: (n) unsociability, unfriendliness, hostility felt: (v) mat, tangle, snarl, braid, entangle, lace, perceive; (adj) sensed, perceived, conscious, sensible fetch: (v) carry, bring, bring in, convey, draw, elicit, deliver, catch,

get, attract; (adj, n) feint fever: (n) malaria, delirium, pyrexia, heat, frenzy, feverishness, febricity, Bilious typhoid fever, Levant fever, Hectic infantile fever, Typhoid fever fickle: (adj, v) erratic, skittish; (adj) volatile, capricious, mercurial, mobile, variable, inconsistent, shifting, giddy, inconstant. ANTONYMS: (adj) untiring, stable, unchanging, consistent, constant, dependable, predictable, placid, loyal, faithful field: (n) area, battlefield, ground, place, domain, discipline, range, realm, battleground, section, compass fiend: (n) monster, devil, fanatic, brute, deuce, incubus, goblin, ogre, enthusiast, daemon, addict. ANTONYM: (n) angel fierce: (adj) bitter, acute, cruel, ferocious, brutal, grim, nasty, intense, ardent; (adj, v) savage, furious. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, mild, calm, quiet, tame, docile, weak, peaceful, pleasant fiery: (adj, n) burning, passionate, glowing; (adj) fervent, ablaze, hot, fervid, impassioned, peppery; (adj, v) fierce, violent. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, passionless, dispassionate, indifferent, placid, gentle, cool; (adv) easygoing fifth: (n) interval, twenty percent, common fraction, fifth part; (adv) fifthly; (v) decimate fight: (n, v) battle, dispute, contest, quarrel, engagement, feud, squabble, argue, struggle, clash; (adj, n, v) brawl. ANTONYMS: (n, v) withdrawal, retreat; (n) fear, surrender, agreement; (v) compromise, favor, submit figure: (n, v) form, design, cast, estimate, shape, image; (v) count, cipher; (adj, n) appearance; (n) character, cost. ANTONYM: (v) estimate fill: (v) block, clog, stuff, line, charge, execute, accomplish, complete, brim, fulfill; (n) crowd. ANTONYMS: (v) empty, free, deplete, unpack, unload, notch, deflate, desert find: (v) catch, detect, encounter, come across, feel, attain, ascertain; (n) detection, disclosure, search, discovery. ANTONYMS: (v) misplace, search, fail; (n) loss fine: (adj) delicate, dainty, agreeable, nice, thin, elegant, capital, excellent, brave; (n) penalty; (v) punish.

William Shakespeare ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, thick, wide, coarse, unsatisfactory, substantial, wretched, unpleasant, unimpressive, dark, cloudy finished: (adj, adv) ended, completed; (adj) complete, consummate, absolute, accomplished, ruined, spent, ripe, polished; (adj, v) done. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, remaining, rough, leftover, uncultured fire: (v) eject, dismiss, kindle, ignite; (n, v) discharge, blaze, flame, explode; (n) ardor, conflagration, fervor. ANTONYMS: (v) hire, defuse, deflate, employ, dampen, detain; (n) laziness firm: (adj, adv) hard; (adj, v) stable, compact, determined, close, resolute; (adj) fixed, steadfast, solid, strong; (adj, n) steady. ANTONYMS: (adj) irresolute, weak, soft, hesitant, limp, liquid, soggy, lenient, indefinite, loose, inconstant fist: (n, v) hand; (n) duke, clenched fist, feist, manus, grip, index; (v) finger, paw, neif, neaf fits: (v) epilepsy, bustle, racket, fuss, hubbub, megrims, rout, subsultus, staggers fitting: (n) adaptation, adjustment, appointment; (adj) apt, appropriate, applicable, felicitous, just, decorous, becoming, suitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) improper, wrong, incompatible, inconvenient, undue, unfit, unsatisfactory, unseemly, unsuitable five: (n) fives, quintuplet, quint, Phoebe, basketball team, fin, squad, ace, digit; (adj, n) v; (adj) quinary fixed: (adj, v) determined, durable; (adj, adv, v) stable; (adj) definite, intent, fast, determinate, certain, set; (adj, adv, n) steady; (adj, n, v) constant. ANTONYMS: (adj) flexible, separate, adaptable, adjustable, changeable, movable, variable, compliant, temporary, removable, portable flags: (n) streamer, streamers, sidewalk, trottoir, pavement, walk, footpath, bunting; (adj) wood pavement, flagstone flat: (n) apartment; (adj) even, bland, insipid, level, tasteless, dreary, boring; (adj, n) plain, plane; (adj, v) uninteresting. ANTONYMS: (adj) bumpy, emotional, hilly, variable, sharp, negative, natural, lively, contrasty, choppy; (adv) indirectly

flatly: (adv) categorically, smoothly, plainly, levelly, insipidly, evenly, firmly, monotonously, horizontally, peremptorily, directly. ANTONYM: (adv) animatedly flats: (n) apartment building, scene, stage setting, desert flatter: (v) fawn, adulate, wheedle, cajole, soap, kowtow, blandish, grovel, butter up; (n, v) court; (n) caress. ANTONYMS: (v) insult, disparage, criticize, discourage flattering: (adj) ingratiating, complimentary, courtly, obsequious, adulatory, fulsome, bland, candied, smooth, encouraging; (n) flattery. ANTONYMS: (adj) assertive, critical, unflattering, unattractive, wounding, uncomplimentary, negative; (adv) partially flesh: (adj) carnality, concupiscence; (n) mortality, beef, form, figure, frame, person, mankind, humanity, meat fleshly: (adj) animal, bodily, sensual, physical, corporeal, voluptuous, lustful, lascivious; (adv) carnally, sensually; (adj, adv) worldly. ANTONYM: (adv) spiritual fling: (n, v) toss, throw, pitch, slam, hurl; (v) chuck, shoot, dash, rush, discard; (n) crack. ANTONYM: (v) collect flinty: (adj) rocky, unyielding, grim, unfeeling, stern, stony, severe, hard, cruel, obdurate, heartless float: (v) drift, swim, waft, hover, ride, fly; (n, v) buoy, blow; (n) raft, floater, bobber. ANTONYM: (v) reject flood: (n, v) flow, torrent, pour, stream, glut, rush, gush; (v) drench, inundate, drown; (n, prep) tide. ANTONYMS: (n) drought, shortage, slump, deficit; (v) disperse, dry flout: (n, v) deride, jeer, gibe, taunt, scoff, mock, sneer; (v) defy, scorn, jest, scout. ANTONYMS: (v) observe, notice folded: (adj) plaited, pleated, doubled, artful, braided, corrugated, doubled over, fluted follow: (v) chase, adopt, adhere, succeed, accompany, abide by, comprehend, ensue, track; (adj, v) catch, grasp. ANTONYMS: (v) guide, lead, head, disobey, deny, ignore, misunderstand, predate, exceed, defy, break fond: (adj) affectionate, caring, devoted, tender, loving, amorous, delicate, adoring, doting, ardent,

145 attached. ANTONYMS: (adj) aversion, cold, rough fondly: (adv) lovingly, tenderly, warmly, kindly, caringly, adoringly, devotedly, amorously, dearly, dotingly, foolishly. ANTONYMS: (adv) coldly, ill food: (n, v) fare; (n) edible, board, nourishment, diet, sustenance, aliment, dish, foodstuff, meat, nurture fool: (n) blockhead, dunce, clown, idiot, ass, booby, buffoon; (v) deceive, bamboozle; (n, v) joke, gull. ANTONYM: (n) savant foolish: (adj) childish, fool, crazy, dumb, daft, fatuous, stupid, unwise, preposterous, dopey; (adj, n) silly. ANTONYMS: (adj) wise, sensible, shrewd, prudent, visionary, diplomatic, levelheaded, sane, rational, mature, judicious foot: (n) base, feet, foundation, footing, pes, paw, basis, leg, measure; (v) hoof, pay. ANTONYMS: (v) owe; (n) head footing: (n) foothold, base, bottom, foundation, status, rank, foot, pedestal, situation, relation, root. ANTONYM: (n) top footsteps: (n) road, footprints, way, trail, path, track, footpath forbid: (v) prohibit, ban, disallow, bar, obstruct, exclude, deny, avert, frustrate, to prohibit, enjoin. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, let, approve, authorize, stand force: (n, v) drive, squeeze, pressure, thrust; (n) energy, strength, agency; (v) coerce, push, press, compel. ANTONYMS: (n) persuasion, ineffectiveness, inertia, apathy, moderation; (v) request, wheedle, pull, push, restrain, prevent forced: (adj) compelled, bound, constrained, artificial, involuntary, unnatural, forcible, farfetched, strained, obligatory, labored. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprovoked, spontaneous, voluntary, natural, genuine, willing, optional forces: (n) troop, army, troops, rank and file, services, war, Armed Services, enmity forcibly: (adv) forcefully, emphatically, powerfully, by force, mightily, under protest, cogently, hard, strongly, convincingly, clearly. ANTONYMS: (adv) voluntarily, weakly, gently fore: (adv) ahead, before; (adj, adv) forward; (n) bow, head, forefront,

146 stem; (adj, n) front; (adj) anterior, foremost, frontal. ANTONYMS: (adv) aft, behind, rear; (adj) back forehead: (n) brow, front, foreland, lineament, mut, phiz, physiognomy, visage, eyebrow, skull; (adv) foremost foreign: (adj) extraneous, extrinsic, alien, exterior, external, exotic, strange, oversea, adventitious, unfamiliar, stranger. ANTONYMS: (adj) familiar, domestic, internal, relevant, national, natural forerunner: (n) ancestor, herald, harbinger, messenger, predecessor, antecedent, augury, progenitor, prodrome, parent, leader. ANTONYMS: (n) successor, descendant forget: (v) leave, miss, blank out, bury, to forget, overlook, neglect, ignore, fail, unlearn, abandon. ANTONYMS: (v) mind, attend forgive: (v) absolve, excuse, acquit, remit, pardon, justify, to forgive, exonerate, overlook, clear, to excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) condemn, punish, castigate form: (n, v) make, fashion, design, build, arrange, shape; (adj, n) figure; (v) establish, constitute, do; (n) ceremony. ANTONYMS: (v) deform, destroy former: (adj) previous, antecedent, anterior, bygone, earlier, prior, foregoing, original, deceased, past; (adv) formerly. ANTONYMS: (adj) future, last, next, current, following, present, subsequent, later; (n) latter formless: (adj) shapeless, unformed, indistinct, unstructured, unbodied, nebulous, vague, indistinguishable, soft, fuzzy, rude. ANTONYMS: (adj) organized, clear, distinct forsake: (v) abandon, ditch, relinquish, abdicate, fail, leave, forgo, chuck, disclaim; (n, v) drop; (adj, v) quit. ANTONYM: (v) support forsworn: (adj) perjured, untrue forth: (adv) away, along, onward, ahead, before, on, off, on the high road, on the road, on the way, under way fortune: (n) estate, fate, fluke, destiny, luck, accident, means, assets, riches, abundance, doom. ANTONYM: (n) design fortunes: (n) adventures, fortune, personal narrative, life, journal forward: (adj, prep) bold; (adj, adv) onward; (adj) audacious; (adj, n, v)

King John promote; (v) expedite, dispatch; (adv) fore, along, ahead; (adv, n, v) further; (adj, adv, n) early. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) backward; (adj) posterior, timid, reverse, abashed, late, formal; (adv) behind, rearward, back, aft foul: (adj, v) nasty, base, corrupt, coarse; (adj) filthy, disgusting, evil, unclean, putrid; (n, v) defile, soil. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) clean, pure; (adj) pleasant, fair, inoffensive, humane, attractive, honest, pleasing, fragrant; (v) unclog found: (v) erect, build, base, form, construct, constitute, appoint, institute, set up, create, ground. ANTONYMS: (v) abolish, disband; (adj) lost foundation: (n) base, bottom, creation, institution, foot, principle, establishment, cause, footing, fundamental, support. ANTONYMS: (n) end, successor, destruction, culmination, effect; (adj) final four: (n) quaternary, foursome, tetrad, quaternion, quadruplet, square, quarter, quad, air, age of man; (adj, n) IV fourteen: (adj, n) XIV frail: (adj, v) weak, feeble; (adj) fragile, flimsy, delicate, breakable, rickety, slender, light, slim; (v) faint. ANTONYMS: (adj) substantial, robust, tough, fit, healthy, hearty, perfect, weighty, well, capable, sturdy frailty: (adj, n) foible, fragility, weakness, fault, defect, imperfection, failing, deficiency; (n) feebleness, frailness, infirmity. ANTONYMS: (n) stamina, hardiness, hardihood, sturdiness, robustness, health france: (n) Frances, Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault, regional operations in Germany, Anatole France free: (adj, v) exempt, liberate, discharge; (adj, adv, v) loose; (v) excuse, extricate, relieve, disentangle, ease; (adj, n) frank; (adj) liberal. ANTONYMS: (adj) restricted, imprisoned, repressive, secure, strict, stuck, confined, tangled, compelled, dependent; (v) confine freeze: (v) chill, cool, solidify, block, harden, set; (n) frost, congelation; (n, v) arrest, stop; (adj) frozen. ANTONYMS: (v) thaw, boil,

unblock, warm, dissolve, begin, soften french: (adj) Gallic, Frankish, Gallican, Gallian; (v) to take French leave; (n) Frenchman, romance language, French people, Daniel Chester French, profanity, the French frenzy: (n) fury, anger, insanity, mania, hysteria; (adj, n) distraction, aberration, alienation, phrensy, derangement; (n, v) craze. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, calm, order fresh: (adj) clean, bracing, novel, bright, recent, original, airy, bold, pure, green; (adj, v) brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) stale, decayed, hot, tired, worn, rotten, off, musty, muggy, humid, exhausted friend: (adj, n) associate, comrade, companion, fellow, ally; (n) acquaintance, colleague, boyfriend, crony, brother, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) foe, stranger, rival, nemesis, adversary, antagonist friendly: (adj, n) favorable; (adj) amiable, affectionate, decent, goodnatured, kind, convivial, companionable, benevolent, amicable; (adj, adv) comradely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfriendly, distant, disagreeable, aggressive, aloof, formal, frosty, belligerent, curt, reserved, impersonal friends: (n) circle, associates, connections, links, support group, acquaintances fright: (n, v) dismay, alarm, scare, affright; (n) awe, fear, dread, terror, horror, consternation, apprehension. ANTONYMS: (n) calm, fearlessness, courage, confidence, security frown: (adj, v) lower; (adj, n) scowl; (n, v) pout, grimace, glower, glare; (adj) black looks, gloam, glout; (v) sulk, gnash. ANTONYM: (v) approve frowning: (adj) dismal, dark, gloomy, lowering, scowling, frowny, clouded; (adv) frowningly; (n) austere, boisterous, coarse full: (adj, n) complete, absolute, entire; (adj) abundant, flush, broad, extensive, ample, total, enough; (adj, adv, n) crowded. ANTONYMS: (adj) lacking, starving, hungry, sketchy, incomplete, thin, deserted, partial, restricted, weak; (v) wane fulness: (n) fullness, entirety, completeness, totality fulsome: (adj) excessive, foul,

William Shakespeare immoderate, bad, plentiful, undue, smarmy, repugnant, rank, high; (v) loathsome. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, scanty funeral: (n) entombment, interment, sepulture, funeral rite, wake, pyre, observance, funeral sermon, funeral pile; (adj) sepulchral; (v) bury further: (adj, adv) farther, more; (v) advance, encourage, foster, forward; (adj) extra, additional; (n, v) promote; (adv) again, also. ANTONYMS: (v) impede, thwart, discourage, damage, regress, deteriorate, prevent, hinder; (adj) near fury: (n) anger, exasperation, force, resentment, delirium, furor, frenzy, indignation, craze; (adj, n) wrath, ferocity. ANTONYMS: (n) composure, calmness, mildness, calm, pleasure, serenity gain: (n, v) profit, benefit, win, catch, advance; (v) derive, earn, get, attain, reach; (n) earnings. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, deficit, disadvantage, setback; (n, v) decrease; (v) reduce, scatter, collapse gall: (v) fret, chafe, irritate, irk, provoke; (adj, n, v) anger; (n) bitterness, cheek, audacity, acerbity, acrimony. ANTONYM: (v) please gallant: (adj) fearless, brave, daring, courageous, chivalrous, bold, manly, heroic, dashing, courteous, fine. ANTONYMS: (adj) boorish, rude, selfish game: (n) fun, amusement, entertainment, play, diversion, prey, quarry; (v) bet, wager, gamble; (adj) fearless. ANTONYMS: (adj) reticent, unwilling; (n) hunter gape: (v) gawk, yawn, open, glare, goggle, split, dehisce, ogle, see; (adj, n) stare; (n, v) look garments: (n) attire, clothing, dress, apparel, raiment, outfit, costume, garb, array, gear, anything worthless gates: (n) bill Gates gauntlets: (n) gauntlet, gantlet gave: (v) deliver, allow, allot, provide, furnish, impart, administer; (n) gives general: (adj, v) common, frequent; (adj) comprehensive, national, universal, ecumenical, current, commonplace, public; (n) chief, commander. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) particular; (adj) narrow, individual, restricted, specialist, detailed, personal, localized, local, precise,

limited gentle: (adj) easy, friendly, soft, kind, affable, balmy, mild, feeble, compassionate; (adj, adv) calm; (adj, v) tame. ANTONYMS: (adj) harsh, loud, fierce, caustic, violent, rough, hardhearted, abrupt, heavy, steep, sheer gentleman: (n) gent, Mr, male, patrician, sir, adult male, esquire, sahib, gentlemen; (adj) gentilhomme, gentlemanly gentlemen: (n) sirs, messieurs gently: (adv) tenderly, slowly, mildly, soft, slow, kindly, delicately, softly, lightly, meekly, quietly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sharply, fiercely, forcefully, harshly, abruptly, violently, severely, roughly, intensely, meanly, heavily gentry: (n) aristocracy, gentility, gentlefolk, nobility, elite, peerage, squirearchy, second estate, society, upper class george: (n) Christian martyr, saint George, St George germany: (n) Federal Republic of Germany, Deutschland, FRG giant: (adj) gigantic, colossal, jumbo, gargantuan, elephantine, huge, immense, large; (n) behemoth, Goliath, colossus. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, miniature, insignificant, short; (n) dwarf giddy: (adj, v) flighty; (adj) dizzy, faint, silly, changeable, vertiginous, featherbrained, light, fickle, capricious; (adv) careless. ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, dull gifts: (n) money, generosity, contributions, charity, caliber, aid, munificence, bounty. ANTONYM: (n) meanness gild: (v) embellish, ornament, beautify, decorate, begild, engild, paint, whitewash, varnish; (n) club, fraternity. ANTONYM: (v) strip gilt: (n) gilding, plating, money, decoration; (adj) aureate, golden, gold, florid; (v) tesselated, ornate, rich girdle: (v) encircle, circle, compass, gird, enclose, encompass; (n, v) zone, ring; (n) cincture, cummerbund, sash give: (v) extend, commit, donate, endow, contribute, dispense, deliver, convey, grant; (adj, v) bestow, accord. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, take, withhold, retain, receive, keep, get, hide, conceal, starve, withstand

147 given: (adj) apt, disposed, prone, specified, liable, inclined, granted, fixed, conditional; (n) assumption, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) taken, unwilling gives: (n) give, offer, provide, grant, accord giving: (n) endowment, donation, presentation, bestowal, disposal; (adj) liberal, generous, charitable, bighearted, big, humanitarian. ANTONYMS: (adj) nasty, tightfisted, malevolent, mean, stiff, stingy glad: (adj) jubilant, cheerful, gay, blithe, delighted, festive, content, delightful, genial, bright, willing. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, apologetic, dismayed, unwilling, disappointed, sorry glister: (n, v) glisten; (n) glitter, scintillation, sparkle, clyster, luster, coruscation, brightness; (v) gleam, flash glittering: (adj, v) brilliant; (adj) sparkling, flashing, dazzling, glistering, glistening, glinting, shining, scintillating, splendid; (adj, adv) aglitter glorify: (n, v) exalt, dignify, adore, honor; (v) extol, bless, eulogize, commend, laud, praise, canonize. ANTONYMS: (v) profane, mock, dishonor, condemn, humiliate glorious: (adj) distinguished, beautiful, bright, celebrated, brilliant, eminent, magnificent, super, great, splendid; (adj, v) illustrious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sorrowful, despicable, horrible, shameful, lowly glory: (n) celebrity, brightness, honor, distinction, glorification, eclat, dignity; (n, v) halo, pride; (v) exult, boast. ANTONYMS: (v) blasphemy, lament, profanity; (n) dishonor, disrepute, ugliness, blame, criticism glow: (n, v) flush, gleam, shine, glimmer, glare, color, sparkle, beam; (v) burn, flare, kindle. ANTONYMS: (n) wanness, darkness, paleness; (v) pale, struggle glue: (n) adhesive, gum; (v) adhere, fasten, fix, affix, bond, attach, stick, to stick; (n, v) plaster gnat: (adj) midge, animalcule, emmet, shrimp, maggot, minnow, worm; (n) blackfly, mosquito, sandfly, black fly going: (n) exit, leaving, parting, expiration, disappearance, action; (v) go, course, to go; (adj) working, running. ANTONYMS: (n) arrival,

148 Reunion gold: (n) Au, money, riches, wealth, bullion, treasure, yellow, amber; (adj) aureate, gilt, golden golden: (adj) aureate, fortunate, gilded, auspicious, gold, gilt, lucky, advantageous, fair, favorable, favored. ANTONYM: (adj) inauspicious gone: (adj, prep) past; (adj) deceased, bygone, departed, desperate, lost, late; (adj, v) exhausted, extinct; (adj, adv) absent, away. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, remaining, found, alive goods: (n) cargo, belongings, commodity, merchandise, product, estate, chattels, property, wealth, produce; (n, v) stuff grace: (adj, v) adorn; (v) garnish, deck, embellish, beautify, decorate, embroider; (adj, n, v) favor; (n) elegance, beauty; (adj, n) clemency. ANTONYMS: (n) unseemliness, awkwardness, disfavor, inelegance, heaviness, unkindness; (v) deface, demean graceless: (adj) inelegant, clumsy, godless, depraved, gauche, abandoned, ungracious, dissolute, ungraceful, rude, barbaric. ANTONYMS: (adj) sophisticated, suave, elegant gracious: (adj) genial, benign, good, courteous, compassionate, kind, accommodating, civil; (adj, n) benevolent, congenial, gentle. ANTONYMS: (adj) ungracious, boorish, discourteous, reserved, rude, abrupt, critical, unkind, hardhearted, harsh, poor grain: (adj, n) crumb; (n) bit, berry, fragment, cereal, scrap, kernel, speck, atom, grist, character. ANTONYM: (n) lot grandam: (n) grandmother, grannam grandsire: (n) grandfather, ancestor grant: (adj, v) bestow, allow, confer; (n, v) award, gift, boon; (v) concede, afford, admit, acknowledge; (adj, n, v) present. ANTONYMS: (v) deny, reject, refuse, maintain, prohibit, disagree, retrieve, take, withhold, withdraw grapple: (n, v) grip, clasp, tackle, grasp; (v) fight, contend, grab, struggle; (adj, n, v) lock; (adj, n) hook; (n) grappling grappling: (n) wrestling, braving, coping with, facing, face, confronting, grappler, try, grapplement, struggle, attempt

King John grave: (adj) solemn, serious, critical, earnest, dangerous, sedate, sad, grand; (adj, v) severe, acute; (v) engrave. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, funny, cheerful, carefree, slight, nonchalant, trivial, stable, minor, insignificant, favorable great: (adj) eminent, gigantic, big, distinguished, large, extensive, extreme, grand, chief, ample, massive. ANTONYMS: (adj) awful, insignificant, tiny, mild, poor, minor, useless, ordinary, slight, weak, unknown greater: (adj) larger, more, major, higher, superior, most, great, bigger, increased, considerable, not inconsiderable. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, smaller, small, lower greatest: (adj) top, superlative, biggest, utmost, largest, extreme, first; (adj, n) maximum, most; (adj, v) paramount, supreme. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, secondary greatness: (n) excellence, dimension, dignity, bulk, size, enormousness, bigness, enormity, grandness, magnitude, fame. ANTONYMS: (n) obscurity, austerity, commonness, mildness, moderation, simplicity green: (adj) callow, immature, young, jealous, youthful, emerald, crude, juvenile, gullible, inexperienced; (adj, v) raw. ANTONYMS: (adj) ripe, urban, withering, sophisticated, seasoned, old, arid, mature, limp, artificial greens: (n) greenness, chard, vegetables, vegetable, green vegetables, spinach, common sorrel, tossed salad, sprout, pigweed, leafy vegetable greeting: (n) welcome, salutation, address, greet, compliments, acknowledgment, accost, hello, hullo, nod; (v) salute. ANTONYM: (n) goodbye grief: (adj, n, v) affliction; (n) dolor, anguish, distress, agony, pain, wound, chagrin, concern; (n, v) regret; (adj) sore. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, happiness, comfort, content, peace grieved: (adj) sore, sad, sorry, sorrowful, upset, woeful, pained, affected, brokenhearted grievously: (adv) seriously, heavily, sorrowfully, gravely, severely, mortally, mournfully, heinously, weightily; (adj, adv) painfully, bitterly

grin: (n, v) beam; (v) laugh, sneer, leer, quib, quip, satire, skit; (n) smirk, grinning, simper. ANTONYM: (v) frown gripe: (n) complaint; (adj, v) catch; (n, v) beef, moan, bellyache, grasp, grumble, whine, protest; (adj, n, v) clutch; (v) complain. ANTONYMS: (v) appreciate, compliment, agree, rejoice groat: (n) penny, doit, rap, mite, Grote, change, denarius, farthing, coin, stiver, pocket money grossly: (adv) rudely, roughly, commonly, heavily, bluntly, disgustingly, shamefully, rankly, totally, uncouthly, obscenely. ANTONYM: (adv) appealingly ground: (n, v) base, land, floor; (v) found, establish; (adj, n, v) bottom; (n) earth, reason, field, soil, dirt. ANTONYMS: (n) sea, figure; (v) launch, top grovelling: (adj) groveling, base, abject, menial, vulgar, slavish, servile, obsequious, low, wormlike, earthbred guard: (n) defense, protection, escort, bulwark, watchman, custody, fender; (n, v) care, shield, cover; (adj, n, v) ward. ANTONYMS: (v) endanger, expose, neglect, reveal; (n) attacker guardian: (n) guard, defender, champion, curator, warden, conservator, bodyguard, keeper; (adj, n) protector; (adj) protective, custodial. ANTONYMS: (n) attacker, detractor guilty: (adj) culpable, faulty, wicked, hangdog, criminal, chargeable, sinful, blameworthy; (n) guilt, culprit; (adj, v) condemned. ANTONYMS: (adj) blameless, aggressive, proud gurney: (n) cart habit: (n) clothing, practice, dress, garb, attire, convention, character, ritual, addiction, clothes; (n, v) use. ANTONYM: (n) innovation hair: (n) coat, coma, haircloth, pile, locks, filament, fleece, fur, hairbreadth, down, forelock hairs: (n) hair half: (adj) moiety, part, short, defective; (n) semi, mediety, halve, division, piece, first half; (adv) partly. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) all; (adj) fully, complete halting: (adj) halt, hesitant, broken, crude, grotesque, barbarous; (adj, v) lame, crippled; (adv) haltingly; (v)

William Shakespeare drooping, flagging. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, firm hammer: (v) strike, beat, knock, bang, tap, forge, thrash, hit; (n, v) pound, club; (n) gavel hand: (v) give, pass, commit, bestow, afford, communicate, consign; (n) deal, worker, aid, applause. ANTONYMS: (n) boss, foot; (v) take handkerchief: (n) hankie, kerchief, bandanna, cravat, hanky, wipe, bandana, collar, shawl; (n, v) napkin; (v) sudary hands: (n) custody, keeping, personnel, safekeeping, hold, shift, workforce, men, manpower, guardianship, full complement hang: (adj, n, v) suspend; (v) dangle, depend, drape, float, fall, hover, append, string up; (n, v) delay; (adj) hung happily: (adv) fortunately, joyously, joyfully, merrily, luckily, gladly, blissfully, cheerfully, felicitously, providentially, successfully. ANTONYMS: (adv) miserably, unhappily, sadly, unfortunately, unsuccessfully, reluctantly, gloomily, discontentedly, despondently, negatively, grudgingly happiness: (n) delight, merriment, ecstasy, welfare, gladness, luck, cheerfulness, blessedness, bliss, felicity, contentment. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, despair, grief, misery, dissatisfaction, seriousness, dullness, discontent, dejection, gloominess, displeasure happy: (adj) felicitous, contented, gay, buoyant, content, gleeful, gratified, pleasant, glad, carefree; (adj, n) auspicious. ANTONYMS: (adj) sad, depressed, dejected, sorrowful, miserable, unlucky, sorry, reluctant, irritable, unfortunately, gloomy harbourage: (n) refuge, port, anchorage hard: (adj, n) austere, rough; (adj, v) grave, severe, acute; (adj) bad, difficult, strong, callous, cruel, tough. ANTONYMS: (adj) easy, kind, soggy, tender, merciful, yielding, simple; (adv) lightly, gently, lackadaisically; (adj, adv) flexible hardly: (adj, adv) barely, scarcely; (adv) severely, harshly, roughly, badly, toughly, laboriously, arduously, cruelly, heavily. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely,

fully, well, easily hare: (n) leporid, cony, puss, doe, jackrabbit, coney; (adj) antelope, courser, eagle, gazelle, greyhound hark: (v) harken, hear, hearken, heed, listen in; (n) look here, look you, look harm: (adj, n, v) damage, hurt; (adj, n) evil, detriment, injury; (n, v) abuse, wound, blemish, disadvantage; (n) bruise; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) benefit, respect, help; (n) reparation, service; (v) enable, spoil, protect, defend, repair harmful: (adj) hurtful, disadvantageous, noxious, destructive, injurious, detrimental, dangerous, damaging, deleterious, evil, maleficent. ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy, safe, helpful, advantageous, beneficial, benign, constructive, innocuous, favorable, pleasant haste: (n, v) hurry, dash, dispatch, rush; (n) celerity, expedition, rapidity, speed, bustle, hastiness, quickness. ANTONYMS: (n) delay, patience, forethought, caution hastily: (adv) hurriedly, rapidly, quickly, rashly, promptly, suddenly, thoughtlessly, impetuously, swiftly, imprudently, speedily. ANTONYMS: (adv) carefully, unhurriedly, industriously, sensibly, prudently, late, calmly, thoroughly, patiently, gradually, cautiously hasty: (adj) fast, abrupt, cursory, fleet, sudden, rash, impetuous, careless, speedy, hurried, quick. ANTONYMS: (adj) deliberate, considered, leisurely, sensible, gradual, thorough, cautious, careful, roundabout, prudent, patient hate: (v) abhor, detest, loathe, abominate; (n) enmity, abhorrence, detestation, hatred, animosity, antipathy, aversion. ANTONYMS: (n, v) like; (v) adore, cherish, admire; (n) attraction, liking, delight, adoration hateful: (adj) disgusting, execrable, nasty, abominable, hideous, despicable, repulsive, distasteful, foul; (adj, v) odious, obnoxious. ANTONYMS: (adj) delightful, kind, nice, benign, desirable hating: (adj) loathful, abhorring, disgusting, misanthropic, vengeful; (n) venom having: (n) estate, possession, acceptance, enjoyment havoc: (n) devastation, mayhem,

149 destruction, damage, demolition, debacle, wreckage, waste, chaos, downfall; (n, v) carnage. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, calm hazard: (n, v) chance, venture, endanger, peril, adventure, bet, wager; (n) danger, fortune, jeopardy, accident. ANTONYMS: (n) safety, security; (v) protect head: (n) captain, boss, froth, foam, crown, chieftain; (n, v) point, lead; (adj, n, v) front; (v) capital, direct. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) subordinate; (n) end, beginning, foot, mouth, rear, tail, body, underling, base; (adj) minor heads: (n) conspectus, contents, prospectus, syllabus, synopsis, public, textbook, people, outlines, head stick heal: (v) mend, recover, doctor, recuperate, cicatrize, get well, fix, restore, convalesce; (n, v) remedy; (n) correct. ANTONYMS: (v) worsen, disfigure, exacerbate health: (n) condition, fitness, welfare, pledge, strength, form, hygiene, sanitation, salubrity, shape; (adj) sanitary hear: (int, v) attend; (v) find out, discover, understand, apprehend, hark, learn, try, examine, listen; (adj) heard heard: (n) hearing hears: (v) hear heart: (adj, n) core, gist, marrow; (n) spirit, center, essence, basis, kernel, crux, breast, hub. ANTONYMS: (n) body, surface heartily: (adv) cordially, sincerely, enthusiastically, warmly, strongly, earnestly, vigorously, ardently, soundly, devoutly, eagerly. ANTONYMS: (adv) feebly, languorously hearts: (n) Black Maria, spades heat: (adj, n) fever, excitement, passion; (v) bake, burn; (n) warmth, fervor, summer, estrus; (n, v) fire; (adj) flush. ANTONYMS: (n) cold, chill, coldness, anestrus, apathy, coolness, dryness, indifference heave: (n, v) cast, fling, raise, gasp, toss, lift; (v) chuck, haul, elevate, pitch, billow. ANTONYMS: (v) push, drop heaven: (n) Eden, firmament, bliss, Elysium, sky, nirvana, glory, Elysian Fields, Garden of Eden, utopia; (adj) celestial. ANTONYM: (n) misery heavens: (n) firmament, heaven, sky, welkin, sphere, atmosphere, celestial

150 sphere, space, skies, area, vault of heaven heavy: (adj, n) dull; (adj) deep, fat, dense, grave, dark, full, gross, thick, bulky; (adj, adv) hard. ANTONYMS: (adj) slim, easy, thin, slight, skinny, puny, gentle, insubstantial, animated, nimble, entertaining heedful: (adj) careful, aware, cautious, mindful, circumspect, alert, advertent, watchful, wary, observant, thoughtful. ANTONYMS: (adj) forgetful, oblivious height: (n) apex, crest, altitude, pinnacle, peak, top, culmination, level, zenith, summit, climax. ANTONYMS: (n) shortness, nadir, depth, trough, deepness, base, dip heinous: (adj) atrocious, grievous, evil, wicked, flagrant, flagitious, monstrous, hateful; (adj, v) gross, nefarious, infamous. ANTONYM: (adj) good heir: (n) beneficiary, successor, offspring, inheritor, heiress, receiver, progeny, heritor, descendant, scion, issue. ANTONYMS: (n) ancestor, donor held: (adj) absorbed, confined, kept, apprehended, seized, supposed, reputed, tenable, thought, trapped; (v) detain hell: (n) blaze, Hades, underworld, perdition, inferno, pandemonium, netherworld, Abaddon, Gehenna, purgatory, trial. ANTONYM: (n) paradise help: (n, v) assist, assistance, support, benefit, favor, avail, cure, assistant; (v) facilitate, ease, alleviate. ANTONYMS: (n) hindrance, detriment, interference, damage, disadvantage, disservice, manager; (v) worsen, aggravate, halt, hurt hence: (adv) consequently, for that reason, therefore, thereby, away, thus, for, then, because, henceforth, as a result henceforth: (adv) hence, in future, after this; (adj) following henry: (n) physicist, scag, smack, William Henry, horse, diacetylmorphine, Patrick Henry, Joseph Henry herald: (n) forerunner, courier, messenger; (v) declare, foretell, announce, bode, proclaim, introduce, foreshadow; (n, v) augur. ANTONYMS: (v) follow; (n) successor

King John herself: (adj) oneself, self, himself, myself, yourself, yourselves, themselves, ourselves, itself hide: (n, v) cover, disguise, shelter, veil; (adj, v) obscure; (n) fur, fell, coat; (v) bury, mask; (adj, n, v) darken. ANTONYMS: (v) show, expose, express, divulge, unearth, amplify, advertise, clarify hideous: (adj) dreadful, frightful, fearful, ghastly, horrid, ugly, repulsive, lurid, horrible, grisly, grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) lovely, pleasant, beautiful, wonderful hiding: (n) covering, concealment, concealing, beating, screening, thrashing, flogging, rout, burial, drubbing, ambush high: (adj, v) elevated; (adj) great, expensive, distinguished, lofty, tall, exalted, heavy, dear; (n) chief; (v) bad. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) low; (adj) deep, short, sober, reasonable, sad, resonant, lowly, husky, unimportant; (n) depression higher: (adj) greater, upper, major, senior, over, more, better, advanced, bigger; (prep) above, upon. ANTONYMS: (adj) basic, junior, lower highness: (n) excellency, altitude, loftiness, nobility, greatness, eminence, size, stateliness, majesty, high, grandeur himself: (pron) herself, themselves, yourself, itself; (adj) myself; (n) yourselves hither: (adv) here, whither, hitherward, thither hoarding: (n) billboard, hoard, garner, signboard, cumulation, board, save, hoards, store, notice, poster hold: (n, v) keep, grip, grasp, entertain; (v) endure, detain, adhere, bear, have, contain, comprise. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, disagree, lose, free, deny, remove, lack; (n) separation, repulsion holding: (n) keeping, belongings, hold, claim, property, asset, ownership, take, retention, capture; (adj) retaining hole: (adj, n) gap; (n) aperture, den, hollow, crack, pocket, break, lair, pit, fix, depression. ANTONYMS: (n) mansion, mend holiday: (n, v) vacation; (n) festival, time off, sabbath, break, celebration, holy day, leisure, recess; (v) fete; (adj) festive holiness: (n) sanctity, godliness,

piety, religion, righteousness, goodness, devotion, divinity, faithfulness, halidom; (adj, n) religiousness. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, unholiness hollow: (adj, n) blank; (n) cavity, depression, cave, dell; (adj) empty, false; (adj, n, v) concave; (n, v) excavate, dent, scoop. ANTONYMS: (adj) convex, sincere, true, full, meaningful, cramped, valid; (n) hump, bump, hill, lump holy: (adj) devout, divine, heavenly, religious, blessed, hallowed, spiritual, devotional, pure; (adj, adv) saintly; (adv) sacredly. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreligious, unholy home: (n) domicile, abode, house, residence, base, place, dwelling, family, habitation; (adj) domestic; (adj, n) household. ANTONYMS: (adj) external, national, public, away, foreign; (adv) out honour: (n) fame, award, dignity, homage, celebrity, accolade, reputation; (n, v) honor; (v) respect, celebrate, dignify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dishonor; (v) disrespect honourable: (adj) estimable, reverend, venerable, glorious, honorable, distinguished, aboveboard, good, worthy, right, noble honours: (n) first, honors, degree, academic degree hope: (n, v) trust, desire; (n) aspiration, faith, belief, expectation, confidence, expectancy, anticipation; (v) confide, anticipate. ANTONYMS: (n) reality, past, pessimism, distrust, independence horn: (n) car horn, antler, klaxon, cornet, French horn, ivory, foghorn, cornu, alarm, trumpet, arm horrible: (adj) awful, fearful, frightful, abominable, grisly, formidable, dire, ghastly, dreadful, fearsome; (adj, v) horrid. ANTONYMS: (adj) wonderful, lovely, nice, lovable, fair, delightful, slight, appealing, minor, attractive, great horror: (n) abomination, abhorrence, dismay, fear, fright, revulsion, alarm, repulsion, anxiety; (adj, n) dread, terror. ANTONYMS: (n) delight, attraction, proclivity, bravery, calm, confidence, security horse: (n, v) mount; (n) buck, heroin, junk, charger, knight, pony, rider, trestle, eohippus, dog hospitable: (adj) affable, receptive,

William Shakespeare gracious, cordial, generous, amiable, convivial, genial, pleasant, warm, to enjoy having guests. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwelcoming, inhospitable, sinister, hostile host: (n) horde, flock, army, mob, troop, multitude, throng, emcee, mass, swarm; (adj, n) legion. ANTONYMS: (n) guest, few hostess: (n) mistress, air hostess, flight attendant, housewife, steward, innkeeper, landlady, prostitute, host hour: (n) clock, o'clock, hours, time, hr, term, nonce, moment, occasion, dawn, dusk hourly: (adv) always, by the hour, daily, often, constantly, continually, frequently; (adj) horary, continual, ephemeral; (n) an hour hours: (n) period, duty period; (adv) o'clock house: (adj, n, v) family; (adj, n) home; (v) accommodate; (n) dwelling, firm, abode, domicile, edifice, habitation, housing; (n, v) lodge. ANTONYM: (adj) public household: (adj, n) house, home; (adj) domestic; (adj, v) ordinary, common; (n) folk, stock, clan, menage; (v) everyday, usual. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfamiliar, public however: (adv, conj, prep) but; (adj, adv, conj) although; (adv) nevertheless, anyway, nonetheless, how, notwithstanding; (adv, conj) though, yet; (conj) albeit; (n) while howsoever: (adv) however, although, though, howso huge: (adj) vast, immense, large, gigantic, enormous, extensive, great, colossal, elephantine, major, considerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) insignificant, miniature, small, affordable, compact, measly, minor, minute, slight, slim humorous: (adj) comical, funny, comic, droll, playful, hilarious, jocose, farcical, jocular; (adj, n) facetious, witty. ANTONYMS: (adj) serious, tragic, humorless, dull humour: (n) fun, wit, witticism, body fluid, temper, mood, amiability, drollery, disposition; (adj) humorous; (v) gratify hundred: (adj) a hundred, one hundred, many; (adj, n) c; (n) cent, centred, riding, lathe, soke, tithing, carbon hungry: (adj) eager, avid, famished, starving, esurient, greedy, ravenous, desirous, meager, starveling; (v)

starve. ANTONYMS: (adj) full, satiated, sated, thirsty, unconcerned, moderate, healthy, disinterested hurly: (n) uproar hurt: (adj, n, v) damage, detriment; (adj, n) evil; (n, v) wound, pain, ache, distress; (n) disadvantage, lesion; (v) afflict; (adj, v) injure. ANTONYMS: (adj) unhurt, unaffected, healed; (v) encourage, please, protect, repair, defend; (n, v) help; (n) reparation, pleasure husband: (v) conserve, economize, preserve, save; (n) consort, hubby, man, fellow, lover, master, mate. ANTONYMS: (n) wife, bachelor hush: (adj, n, v) calm, silence, quiet, still, lull; (n) peace; (v) shut up, gag, quieten, muffle; (adj, v) soothe. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, turmoil; (v) Louden hymn: (n) song, canticle, chant, anthem, carol, chorale, doxology; (v) glorify, laud, sing, extol idiot: (n) dolt, blockhead, dunce, dimwit, moron, cretin, ass, imbecile, oaf, changeling, idiocy. ANTONYM: (n) intellectual idle: (adj) lazy, indolent, inactive, free, unfounded, fruitless, baseless, groundless, frivolous, empty, disengaged. ANTONYMS: (adj) active, employed, industrious, energetic, meaningful, productive, worthwhile, diligent; (v) change, run, work idly: (adj, adv) foolishly; (adv) vainly, vaguely, listlessly, forgetfully, distractedly; (adj) thoughtlessly. ANTONYM: (adv) energetically ignorance: (n) illiteracy, nescience, folly, unwisdom, innocence, denseness, ignorancy, stupidity, obtuseness, tabula rasa, unawareness. ANTONYMS: (n) intelligence, acquaintance, education image: (n, v) picture, fancy, design; (n) impression, conception, effigy, idea, form, resemblance, epitome; (v) depict. ANTONYM: (n) reality imaginary: (adj) fictitious, unreal, false, mythical, illusory, ideal, hypothetical, visionary, fictional, notional, chimerical. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, palpable, actual, concrete, prosaic, normal, true imminent: (adj) forthcoming, coming, close, future, near, pending, approaching, at hand, menacing, threatening, prospective. ANTONYMS: (adj) remote, past impatience: (n) annoyance,

151 eagerness, anger, intolerance, restlessness, fidget, nervousness, fidgetiness, enthusiasm, edginess; (adj) nonendurance. ANTONYMS: (n) calmness, endurance, apathy impatient: (adj) eager, anxious, petulant, fidgety, vexed, keen, edgy, quick, avid, irritable, fretful. ANTONYMS: (adj) patient, enduring, unenthusiastic, calm, happy, relaxed, slow impeach: (v) accuse, criminate, blame, censure, query, denounce, challenge, question, condemn; (n, v) arraign, indict import: (n, v) matter, sense, denote; (n) meaning, effect, connotation, implication, moment, significance, value; (v) imply. ANTONYMS: (n, v) export; (n) insignificance, inconsequence, triviality importance: (n) account, gravity, import, dignity, prominence, stress, emphasis, value, concern, magnitude; (n, v) consequence. ANTONYMS: (n) unimportance, insignificance, triviality, meaninglessness imprison: (v) cage, incarcerate, jail, immure, commit, prison, restrain, gaol, detain, lock up, shut. ANTONYMS: (v) release, free, liberate incense: (v) enrage, anger, provoke, irritate, infuriate, aggravate, rile, cense, inflame; (n) fragrance, aroma. ANTONYMS: (v) please, pacify incensed: (adj) angry, exasperated, enraged, indignant, irate, infuriated, irritated, mad, livid, angered, aggravated. ANTONYM: (adj) pleased incessantly: (adv) constantly, endlessly, continually, perpetually, continuously, unceasingly, eternally, persistently, unremittingly, unendingly, steadily. ANTONYMS: (adv) sporadically, briefly inclination: (n, v) desire, bent; (n) fancy, affection, tendency, leaning, drift, appetite, dip, proclivity, bias. ANTONYMS: (n) disinclination, reluctance, aversion, indifference, unwillingness, antipathy, dislike, horror inconsiderate: (adj) headlong, unadvised, unthinking, unkind, indiscreet, negligent, tactless, incautious, imprudent, heedless; (adj, adv) thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) thoughtful, considerate, altruism, altruistic,

152 caring, cautious, constructive, gentle, polite, tactful inconstancy: (n) fickleness, flightiness, uncertainty, falseness, infidelity, changeableness, changefulness, variability, disloyalty, caprice; (adj, n) mutability. ANTONYMS: (n) constancy, fidelity incurable: (adj) incorrigible, immedicable, cureless, inveterate, irretrievable, irrecoverable, terminal, irremediable, irreparable, remediless, chronic. ANTONYM: (adj) mild indeed: (adv) certainly, exactly, in reality, surely, of course, assuredly, as a matter of fact, admittedly; (adj, adv) really, much; (n) yes. ANTONYMS: (adv) possibly, doubtfully indenture: (n, v) indent; (n) deed, covenant, agreement, contract, indentation, notch, assurance, charter; (v) bind, oblige indignation: (n) anger, resentment, displeasure, grudge, umbrage, rage, outrage, exasperation, choler, dudgeon; (adj, n) wrath. ANTONYMS: (n) contentment, pleasure indirection: (n) deception, procedure, process, cozenage, swindle, fiddle, indirectness, dissimulation, dissembling indirectly: (adv) circuitously, roundaboutly, collaterally, tortuously, windingly, sidelongly, incidentally, meanderingly, secondarily, discursively; (n) curved shape. ANTONYMS: (adv) straight, personally, frankly indue: (v) endue, give, clothe, invest, cover, empower, gift, bestow, covering, enthrone, induct industrious: (adj) diligent, assiduous, indefatigable, busy, energetic, hardworking, laborious, tireless, earnest, keen, enterprising. ANTONYMS: (adj) indolent, idle, destructive, weary, careless infant: (n) child, babe, minor, nursling, youngster, chick, toddler, suckling, kid, pappoose; (adj, n) juvenile infected: (adj) diseased, dirty, impure, tainted, festering, corrupt, unclean, morbid, stained, spoiled, soiled. ANTONYM: (adj) healthy infection: (n) contagion, disease, contamination, corruption, illness, transmission; (adj, n) taint,

King John pollution, septicity; (v) infect; (adj) contagious infer: (v) deduce, guess, derive, conclude, construe, imagine, conjecture, gather, deduct; (adj, v) understand, imply inferior: (adj) secondary, bad, humble, poor, junior, petty, lesser, cheap, base, feeble, vulgar. ANTONYMS: (adj) better, choice, excellent, premium, adscript, perfect, higher, quality, senior; (adj, n) superscript; (n) boss infinite: (adj) absolute, eternal, endless, countless, immense, incalculable, boundless, innumerable, immeasurable, everlasting, spaceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) finite, limited, restricted, small, tiny, slight inflaming: (adj) burning, consuming, inflammatory, excessively hot, exciting, fiery; (n) arousal inglorious: (adj) disgraceful, dishonourable, disreputable, infamous, black, ignominious, stigmatic, discreditable, obscure, shameful, opprobrious. ANTONYM: (adj) magnificent ingrate: (adj) ungrateful, thankless, insensible of benefits, wanting in gratitude, displeasing; (n) thankless wretch ingrateful: (adj) ungrateful, disagreeable inhabit: (v) reside, abide, occupy, lodge, settle, people, live, indwell, be, exist; (n) habit. ANTONYMS: (v) desert, vacate inheritance: (adj, n) heritage; (n) heredity, heirloom, birthright, bequest, legacy, dowry, estate, appanage, heirship; (v) descent injustice: (n) iniquity, wrong, unfairness, bigotry, wickedness, prejudice, crime; (adj, n) injury, evil, harm, damage. ANTONYMS: (n) fairness, evenhandedness, reasonableness, goodness, tolerance innocent: (adj) chaste, artless, clear, ingenuous, innocuous, guileless, guiltless, ignorant, unsophisticated, spotless, naive. ANTONYMS: (adj) culpable, responsible, wicked, wary, experienced, corrupt, worldly, unfair, meaningful, offensive, jaded inquire: (v) demand, ask, explore, enquire, inspect, research, consult, pry, request, wonder; (n, v) question. ANTONYM: (v) answer inseparable: (adj) indissoluble, inextricable, inherent, indiscerptible,

built-in, indispensable, infrangible, innate, unseparable; (v) severable, unseparated. ANTONYMS: (adj) separable, dividable, isolatable inside: (adj, n) interior, middle, center; (adj) internal, indoor; (prep) per; (adv) inwardly, indoors, within, at heart, inwards. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) exterior; (adj) free, external, outdoor, public; (adj, adv) outer; (prep) out; (adv) outwardly; (n) edge insolent: (adj) impertinent, abusive, disrespectful, impudent, fresh, arrogant, brazen, defiant, offensive, brassy, bold. ANTONYMS: (adj) respectful, modest, gracious, meek, submissive instant: (adj, n) present; (adj) immediate, prompt; (n) flash, minute, jiffy, point, second; (adj, v) exigent; (adj, n, v) pressing, urgent. ANTONYMS: (n) age, eternity; (adj) considered, delayed, slow instantly: (adv, n) directly; (adj, adv) immediately, at once; (adv) instantaneously, promptly, forthwith, now, readily, quickly, momently, momentarily. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, slowly, gradually instead: (adv) instead of, alternatively, as an alternative, in place of, more willingly, to compensate for, sooner, preferably, otherwise, on the other hand; (n) lieu instruct: (v) charge, educate, teach, advise, enlighten, direct, drill, inform, command, indoctrinate, tutor instrument: (n) channel, deed, tool, pawn, apparatus, agency, document, expedient, appliance, gear; (n, v) implement intelligence: (n) cleverness, intellect, news, tidings, understanding, acumen, mentality, knowledge, brains, comprehension, brainpower. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, emotion, slowness, foolishness, ineptness intend: (v) destine, design, mean, aim, determine, denote, contemplate, plan, purpose, consider, believe. ANTONYM: (v) improvise intent: (n) idea, intention, design, spirit, meaning, import, goal, purpose; (adj, n) attentive; (adj) absorbed, engrossed interest: (n, v) advantage, care,

William Shakespeare benefit; (adj, v) engage; (n) affair, account, gain, hobby, eagerness, enthusiasm, sake. ANTONYMS: (n) indifference, apathy, boredom, distraction, hostility, detachment, inattention, repulsion; (v) repel, appall interrupted: (adj) discontinuous, fitful, intermittent, discontinued, disconnected, unsuccessive, intervallic, episodic, gaping, periodic; (prep) interrupt interruption: (n) disruption, intermission, halt, pause, suspension, discontinuance, hiatus; (n, v) break, hindrance, impediment; (v) interrupt. ANTONYMS: (n) permanence, help, respect inundation: (n, v) deluge, freshet; (n) flooding, overflow, debacle, torrent, alluvion, downpour, cloudburst, alluvium, flowage. ANTONYM: (n) trickle invasive: (adj) aggressive, invading, encroaching, offensive, intrusive, hostile, trespassing, pervasive, enveloping. ANTONYMS: (adj) confined, noninvasive inveterate: (adj) incorrigible, confirmed, chronic, ingrained, old, irredeemable; (adj, v) fixed; (v) rooted, ingrafted, hackneyed; (n) ineffaceable inviolable: (adj) sacrosanct, infrangible, hallowed, invulnerable, inviolate, inalienable, impenetrable, absolute, impregnable; (v) imprescriptible, unimpeachable. ANTONYMS: (adj) acceptable, breakable invisible: (adj) obscure, hidden, inconspicuous, intangible, sightless, concealed, impalpable, occult, indiscernible, inappreciable, unseen. ANTONYMS: (adj) obvious, conspicuous, noticeable, palpable invocation: (v) entreaty, obsecration, solicitation; (n) prayer, implementation, intercession, petition, rogation, benediction, apostrophe; (n, v) supplication invulnerable: (adj) impregnable, impervious, impenetrable, safe, inviolable, unassailable, secure, indomitable, untouchable, woundless; (adj, v) defensible. ANTONYM: (adj) receptive inward: (adj) inner, intrinsic, internal, interior, intestine, inherent, domestic; (adv) inwardly, inwards, in; (n) innards. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) outward; (adj) outgoing,

external ireland: (n) Hibernia, cork, Emerald Isle, Irish Free State iron: (v) firm, flatten; (n) Fe, chain, cast iron, irons; (adj) hard, adamant, steel, harsh, tenacious irons: (n) fetters, iron, chain, shackles, fetter, manacles, gyve, bond, bonds, pinion, handcuffs irregular: (adj) atypical, abnormal, erratic, anomalous, eccentric, broken, sporadic, disorderly, strange, changeable; (adj, n) guerilla. ANTONYMS: (adj) symmetrical, normal, smooth, constant, even, steady, compact, cyclic, equal, frequent, permanent island: (n, v) isle; (n) islet, reef, safety zone, Cebu, Papua; (v) insulate, isolate, segregate, sequester, separate issue: (v) emanate, arise, emerge; (n) aftermath, progeny, consequence, effect; (n, v) egress, release, exit, result. ANTONYMS: (v) conceal, trickle, withhold; (n) resolution italian: (n) dago, romance language, Oscan, Guinea, greaseball, Etruscan, Italian cloth; (adj) Ausonian itself: (adj) herself, self, oneself, personally, myself, themselves, yourself james: (n) interrupt, William James, St James, saint James the apostle, saint James, Jesse James, James river, Henry James, epistle of James, St James the apostle jaws: (n) jaw, chops, fauces, chaps, mandible, maw, lips, holding device; (v) mazard jeopardy: (n) hazard, peril, chance, precariousness, insecurity, exposure, threat, venture, adventure; (n, v) risk, menace. ANTONYM: (n) security jest: (n) gag, gibe, quip, game; (n, v) jape; (v) banter, jeer, deride, gird, sneer, clown jewel: (n) gemstone, darling, diamond, jewelry, trinket, treasure, ornament, idol; (adj, n) bijou, precious stone; (adj) brilliant john: (n) can, bathroom, convenience, customer, privy, loo, lav, lavatory, Saint John the Apostle, Saint John; (adj, n) toilet join: (v) unite, connect, associate, combine, graft, assemble, attach, affiliate, meet, get together; (n, v) link. ANTONYMS: (v) separate, secede, detach, undo, disjoin, exclude, leave, disconnect, diverge,

153 refrain, untie jolly: (adj) gay, cheerful, happy, festive, genial, bright, cheery, merry, jocund; (v) chaff; (adv) lively. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious journey: (n, v) jaunt, go, travel, cruise, fare; (n) excursion, way, expedition, trip, passage, voyage. ANTONYM: (v) settle judge: (v) consider, think, evaluate, believe, condemn, assess, calculate, guess; (n) arbitrator, arbiter; (n, v) umpire. ANTONYM: (v) doubt juggling: (n) jugglery, performance, rearrangement, prestidigitation, deception, cheating, legerdemain, hocus-pocus; (adj) prestigious, prestigiatory justice: (adj, n) equity, right, integrity, honesty; (n) judge, impartiality, judicature, jurist, morality, justness; (adj) just. ANTONYMS: (n) unfairness, wickedness justiciary: (n) justiciar, judge, jurisdiction, jurist, magistrate keen: (adj, v) eager, fresh, biting, brisk, avid; (adj) sharp, intense, intelligent, enthusiastic, exquisite, piercing. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, apathetic, unenthusiastic, blunt, unwilling, reluctant, passive, stupid, unconcerned, lukewarm, disinterested keep: (n, v) hold; (v) preserve, retain, defend, guard, maintain, continue, have, save, confine, observe. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, neglect, entrust, return, let, discontinue, reimburse, allow, stop, destroy, break keeper: (n) curator, guardian, guard, warden, janitor, jailer, gaoler, warder, caretaker, sentry, conservator kept: (adj) reserved, preserve, retained, remain, store, reserve, hold, lodge, keep, retain, detained. ANTONYM: (adj) broken kill: (n, v) assassinate, destroy; (v) erase, annihilate, eliminate, extinguish, finish, blast, decimate, execute, eradicate. ANTONYMS: (v) revitalize, revive; (n) hunter kind: (n) sort, form, class, variety, breed; (adj, n) helpful, good, humane, friendly, gentle; (adj) generous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unkind, cruel, hardhearted, mean, merciless, nasty, spiteful, uncaring,

154 upsetting, callous, disagreeable kindled: (adj) enkindled, lighted, lit, burning kindred: (adj) cognate, akin, similar, allied, related; (n) kin, consanguinity, relation, folk, folks, kin group king: (n) mogul, sovereign, chief, crown, tycoon, baron, ruler, magnate, majesty, rex, power. ANTONYM: (n) queen kingdom: (n) domain, realm, state, empire, dominion, territory, nation, crown, monarchy, department, land kingly: (adj, adv) stately; (adj) August, noble, regal, imperial, sovereign, majestic, royal; (adv) royally, majestically, regally kinsman: (n) relation, relative, kin, kindred, kinswoman, description, forefather, countryman, detail, consanguinity; (v) confederate kiss: (n, v) caress, brush, embrace, touch; (n) osculation, salute, lip, Kiss of peace, kiss hands; (v) osculate, love knave: (n) cheat, jack, blackguard, crook, rascal, villain, cad, scalawag, scallywag, scoundrel, varlet knee: (n) bracket, articulation, joint, kneel, knee joint, genu, articulatio genus, scythe, zigzag, sickle, bend kneeling: (n) homage, kowtow, kneelingly, prostration, genuflexion, genuflection, curtsy, courtesy, obeisance knight: (n) horseman, horse, chevalier, banneret, warrior, steed, knighthood, rider, heroin, h; (v) dub knightly: (adj) gallant, chivalric, courteous, courtly, attentive, medieval, magnanimous, gothic; (adv) chivalrously, attentively, courteously knit: (adj, v) tie, lace; (v) plait, intertwine, bind, join, pucker, fasten, interlace; (adj) stitch, knitted knot: (n) bow, cluster, lump, gang, joint; (v) entangle, knit, bind; (n, v) tie, loop, tangle. ANTONYMS: (v) unravel, undo, unknot, disentangle knowing: (adj, v) canny, crafty, wise; (adj, n) clever; (adj) conscious, aware, ingenious, intelligent, bright, conversant, smart. ANTONYMS: (adj) naive, uncomprehending, unconscious knowledge: (n) information, comprehension, science, lore, understanding, intelligence, grasp, erudition, acquaintance; (n, v) cognition; (adj, n) art. ANTONYMS:

King John (n) foolishness, inexperience known: (adj) familiar, knew, conscious, certain, famous, know, eminent, plain, accepted, published, acknowledged. ANTONYMS: (adj) unknown, secret, unidentified, unfamiliar labour: (n, v) travail, labor, toil; (v) grind, fag, drudge; (n) exertion, employment, confinement, childbed, business lack: (n, v) deficiency, need, destitution; (n) default, defect, dearth, absence, insufficiency, deficit, poverty; (v) fail. ANTONYMS: (n) abundance, excess, provision, adequacy, affluence, sufficiency, plethora, supply; (v) have, own, possess lady: (n) gentlewoman, Mrs, duchess, countess, spouse, madam, ma'am, milady, matron, woman; (v) squaw. ANTONYM: (n) Lord ladyship: (n) madam laid: (adj) layed, lay, place, placed, put, situated, arranged, determined, dictated, hardened, ordered lamentable: (adj) grievous, pitiful, distressing, sad, dismal, sorrowful, piteous, unfortunate, lugubrious; (adj, v) pitiable, mournful. ANTONYMS: (adj) laudable, fortunate land: (n) country, earth, soil, kingdom, field, nation, estate, domain; (v) disembark, debark, get. ANTONYMS: (adj) aquatic, amphibious; (n) sea; (v) lose, depart, embark landed: (adj) land, territorial, allodial, predial lands: (n) park, estate, kingdom large: (adj) ample, generous, considerable, broad, handsome, high, bulky, heavy, capacious, roomy; (adj, n) extensive. ANTONYMS: (adj) small, cramped, insignificant, narrow, microscopic, compact, tiny, thin, short, slim, paltry lasting: (adj) abiding, everlasting, firm, eternal, enduring, continuous, permanent, constant, perpetual, tough; (adj, v) fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) fleeting, impermanent, superficial, ephemeral, caducous, unstable, occasional, insubstantial, erratic, acute, fickle late: (adj, adv) dilatory, fresh, behindhand, backward; (adj) former, deceased, dead, slow, delayed, modern; (adv) belatedly.

ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) early, punctual; (adv) punctually, promptly; (adj) ahead, existing, alive, initial, middle, old, premature lately: (adv) tardily, newly, freshly, belatedly, slowly, latterly, deadly; (adj, adv) anew, late, afresh; (adj) recent latest: (adj) last, fresh, modern, new, current, hot, ultimate, contemporary, newest, stylish; (adj, n) vogue. ANTONYM: (adj) first latter: (adj) later, last, terminal, recent, posterior, final, following, the latter, past, other, eventual. ANTONYMS: (adj) prior, earlier laughter: (n) amusement, fun, guffaw, merriment, chortle, chuckle, mirth, hilarity, giggle, derision, happiness. ANTONYMS: (n) sadness, gloom, despair, boredom, misery, despondency lawful: (adj) legal, just, rightful, constitutional, true, right, justifiable, licit, regular; (n, v) allowable; (adj, v) permissible. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlawful, prohibited, unconstitutional leading: (adj, v) first, foremost; (adj) outstanding, head, great, capital; (adj, n) main, cardinal, principal; (adj, adv) ahead; (n) lead. ANTONYMS: (adj) secondary, subordinate, following, junior, innocent, last, lousy, unimportant, worst; (adv) behind, losing league: (n) alliance, federation, coalition, association, class, confederation, combination, union, connection, society; (v) combine lean: (adj, v) gaunt; (adj) emaciated, thin, bony, lank; (n, v) bend, tilt, slant, list, careen; (n) inclination. ANTONYMS: (adj) plump, rich, chubby, greasy, stout; (v) straighten, repel leaning: (adj, n) bent, disposition, partiality; (n) propensity, bias, tendency, incline, lean; (adj) tilted, canted, inclined. ANTONYMS: (n) antipathy, dislike; (adj) upright leap: (n, v) bound, spring, bounce, caper, dive, vault, lunge; (v) dance, hop, start; (n) curvet. ANTONYMS: (n, v) plummet; (v) surface, drop, hesitate; (n) slump learn: (v) get, find, ascertain, hear, find out, have, determine, con, acquire, tell; (n, v) know. ANTONYM: (v) reject least: (n) minimum; (adj) smallest, minimal, littlest, lowest,

William Shakespeare insignificant, minutest, negligible; (adj, n) smallest amount; (adv) at least, fully. ANTONYMS: (adj) maximum, greatest; (adj, adv) most leave: (v) depart, go, abandon, desert, lead; (adj, v) forsake, quit; (n) furlough, permission, holiday; (n, v) escape. ANTONYMS: (v) enter, arrive, stay, remain, come, approach, change, reposition, disinherit, occupy, participate leaves: (n) departure, leaving, plants, trees, vegetation left: (adj) gone, absent, port, odd, remaining, larboard, gauche, sinister; (n) left hand, left wing, mitt. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n) right; (adj) remaining, center, starboard, present legate: (n) envoy, delegate, emissary, deputy, minister, representative, messenger, internuncio, consul, nuncio, ambassador legs: (v) pegs, trotters, pins; (n) patience, pedestal, stamina leisure: (n) idleness, convenience, vacation, inactivity, rest, repose, relaxation, recreation, pastime, opportunity; (adj) idle. ANTONYM: (n) work lent: (n) Quadragesima, Lententide lesser: (adj) less, inferior, junior, insignificant, petty, subordinate, smaller, secondary, lower, slighter, small. ANTONYMS: (adj) major, primary, senior, superior, higher, main letter: (n) epistle, mail, character, communication, alphabetic character, dispatch, note, message, memorandum, type, memo letters: (n) erudition, literature, correspondence, lore, script, scholarship, post, print, mail, letter, polite literature lewis: (n) Frederick Carleton Lewis, harry Sinclair Lewis, Carl Lewis, Jerry lee Lewis, Meriwether Lewis, Sinclair Lewis, Clive Staples Lewis liable: (adj) answerable, accountable, disposed, apt, responsible, inclined, exposed, likely, subject, culpable, vulnerable. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, innocent, unlikely, disinclined, impervious liberty: (adj, n) freedom, franchise; (n) license, leave, independence, autonomy, emancipation, latitude, permission, scope, release. ANTONYMS: (n) slavery, domination, constraint, suppression, dependence

liege: (n) feudatory, liegeman, vassal, lord, liege Lord, subject, Luik; (adj) loyal, staunch, true, steady lien: (n) bond, mortgage, pledge, plight, spleen, debenture, bill of sale, hypothecation, Retaining lien, paper credit, pignoration lies: (n) fabrication, falsehood, lie, lying, deceit, defamation, denigration, dishonesty, slander, libel, treachery. ANTONYM: (n) truth lieu: (n) office, position, locality, stead, behalf, part, role, berth, station, site, seat life: (adj, n) animation; (n) energy, spirit, activity, dash, enthusiasm, being, biography, existence, exuberance, live. ANTONYMS: (n) death, apathy, extinction, nonexistence, lifelessness lift: (n, v) raise, rise, elevator, boost, heave, hike, airlift, advance; (v) elevate, erect, filch. ANTONYMS: (v) lower, descend, drop, hinder, put, return, impose; (n, v) knock light: (adj) fair, facile, faint; (adj, v) clear; (n, v) fire, glow, flame; (v) kindle, inflame, ignite; (n) illumination. ANTONYMS: (adj) heavy, fattening, nauseating, testing, stale; (n) darkness, shade, gloom, night; (v) extinguish, darken lightning: (n) levin, electricity, thunderbolt, Leven, ignis fatuus, heat lightning, forked lightning, fetter, dart, chain lightning; (adj) wind likeness: (n) resemblance, copy, effigy, image, affinity, similarity, correspondence, facsimile; (adj, n) figure, form, semblance. ANTONYMS: (n) difference, diversity, dissimilarity, unlikeness, contrast likes: (n) kind, sort, type lilies: (n) lily limit: (v) restrict, circumscribe, restrain, check; (n, v) border, curb, confine, boundary, close; (n, prep, v) extent; (n) edge. ANTONYMS: (v) broaden, extend, increase, derestrict, allow, encourage, express, promote; (n) minimum, extension, freedom limited: (adj) circumscribed, qualified, special, moderate, insular, slender, bounded, scanty, narrow, specific, particular. ANTONYMS: (adj) open, infinite, limitless, complete, wide, unlimited, extensive, vague, adequate, ample, diverse

155 lincoln: (n) capital of Nebraska, fin, fiver, president Lincoln line: (n) cord, house, course, family, lineage, breed, field, ancestry, row; (adj, n) file; (n, v) order lineal: (adj, v) linear; (adj) ancestral, hereditary, straight, directly, racial, extended senses, exact lines: (n) cavesson, jaquima, hackamore, headstall, ribbons, words, contour, shape, position, piece, part lion: (adj, n) celebrity, hero; (adj) worthy, great card, tiger; (n) Leo, cat, king of beasts, curiosity, luminary, spectacle lions: (n) dogs, order Carnivora, leopards, jackals, bears, Felidae, family Felidae, cheetahs, cats, Carnivora lips: (n) lip, inlet, logical inference per second, chops, porch, portal, portico, propylon, snout, door, orifice list: (n) catalogue, catalog, inclination, index, calendar, enumeration; (n, v) file, tilt, schedule; (v) enter, itemize listen: (v) hear, heed, hearken, attend, harken, list, listening, eavesdrop, mind, concentrate, pay attention litter: (adj, n) brood, jumble; (n) bedding, stretcher, waste, refuse, junk, trash, mess; (n, v) clutter; (adj) disarray. ANTONYMS: (v) clean; (n) space little: (adj, adv) small; (adj) diminutive, insignificant, short, tiny, some, brief, petty, minute, exiguous; (adv) rather. ANTONYMS: (adj) enormous, large, important, huge, high, giant, older, old, tall; (adv) frequently, well live: (adj) alive, living; (adj, v) reside, active, dwell, stay; (n, v) subsist; (v) exist, be, abide, endure. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate, inactive, silent, dummy, blank, recorded; (v) die, perish, expire lives: (n) life, living, estate, existence, earnest living living: (adj) alive, live, extant, animated, active, fresh, animate, quick; (n) livelihood, life, being. ANTONYMS: (adj) inanimate; (n) death, leisure loath: (adj) unwilling, disinclined, reluctant, loth, indisposed, backward, hesitant, antipathetic, antipathetical, loathe, shy of. ANTONYMS: (adj) eager, willing, disposed, keen

156 london: (n) British capital, jack London, John Griffith Chaney, Greater London, capital of the united kingdom long: (v) yearn, desire, hanker, languish, ache, wish; (adj, n) extensive; (n, v) hunger; (adj) extended, lengthy; (n) length. ANTONYMS: (adj) short, brief, concise longer: (adj) longest, better, lengest; (adv) farther; (n) yearner, thirster look: (n, v) gaze, aspect, figure; (adj, v) seem; (v) appear, expect; (n) appearance, expression, view, glance, guise. ANTONYMS: (v) back, study; (n) perusal looks: (n) aspect, countenance, expression, manner, complexion, fashion, costume, garb loose: (adj, v) lax, dissolute; (adj, n) limp, liberal, licentious; (adj) light, vague; (v) disengage, relax, release, liberate. ANTONYMS: (adj) dense, close, taut, compressed, strict, compact, wedged, secure, strong, similar; (v) confine lord: (n) chief, king, noble, sir, duke, master, God, seignior, nobility, Mister, potentate. ANTONYM: (n) lady lose: (v) drop, forfeit, mislay, miss, sacrifice, fall behind, fail, to lose, forget, clear, hurt. ANTONYMS: (v) find, secure, recover, earn, obtain, acquire, get, win, beat, keep, succeed losing: (v) lose; (n) loss; (adv) losingly, behind; (adj) unbeneficial. ANTONYM: (adj) lucrative loss: (adj, n) detriment, damage, injury, harm; (n) defeat, deprivation, deficit, destruction, forfeit, forfeiture, bereavement. ANTONYMS: (n) retrieval, appearance, victory, recovery, gaining, income, gain, accumulation, win, benefit, fortune lost: (adj, v) forlorn, extinct, gone, missing, helpless; (adj) hopeless, bewildered, forgotten, disoriented, broken; (n) loss. ANTONYMS: (adj) present, found, existing, won, saved, aware loud: (adj) flashy, garish, gaudy, blatant, brassy, boisterous, high, jazzy, brazen, piercing; (adj, adv) forte. ANTONYMS: (adj) tasteful, gentle, quiet, subtle, subdued, low, muted, weak, tranquil, thin; (adv) softly louis: (n) Joe Louis

King John lout: (adj, n) gawk, goon, klutz; (n) oaf, clown, boor, loon, rube, lump, lubber, hoodlum love: (n) desire, fondness, affection, dear, liking, benevolence, charity, honey, devotion; (v) enjoy; (n, v) worship. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike; (n) abhorrence, hatred, aversion, detestation, detachment, indifference; (v) abhor; (adv) roughly lovely: (adj) beautiful, charming, lovable, enchanting, delightful, handsome, alluring, elegant, endearing, gorgeous; (adv) comely. ANTONYMS: (adj) unpleasant, hideous, ugly, unattractive, horrifying, horrid, unappealing, repellent, detestable, dreadful, awkward loving: (adj) fond, devoted, amorous, kind, friendly, ardent, attached, admiring, gentle, fatherly; (adj, v) tender. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, uncaring, malicious, cruel, unloving, rough, paternal, indifferent, distant, disapproving, callous loyal: (adj, v) firm; (adj, n) unwavering, true, accurate; (adj) fast, steady, constant, reliable, devoted, dependable, obedient. ANTONYMS: (adj) disloyal, unfaithful, unreliable, disobedient, inconstant, treacherous, uncommitted, unpatriotic, unhelpful, fickle lusty: (adj) energetic, stout, lustful, corpulent, potent, virile, vigorous, hearty, sturdy, bouncing, dynamic. ANTONYM: (adj) feeble madam: (n) dame, lady, ma'am, gentlewoman, missis, Mrs, brothel keeper, madames, signora, female, bawd madcap: (adj, n) zany; (adj, v) wild, fiery; (n) lunatic, hothead, daredevil; (adj) impetuous, reckless, incautious, brash, rash. ANTONYM: (adj) cautious madly: (adv) insanely, furiously, sorely, frantically, wildly, devilishly, deadly, dementedly, foolishly, distractedly; (adj, adv) rabidly. ANTONYMS: (adv) sensibly, calmly, sanely, carefully; (adj) slightly madness: (n) frenzy, insanity, lunacy, idiocy, folly, delirium, insaneness; (adj, n) furor, rage, desperation, furore. ANTONYMS: (n) sense, calmness, order maid: (n) damsel, chambermaid, lass,

lassie, girl, domestic, amah, virgin, maiden, housemaid, handmaid maiden: (n) maid, girl, demoiselle, damosel, wench, fille, lass, miss; (adj) first, initiatory, unmarried maine: (n) pine tree state maintain: (v) continue, assert, aver, preserve, defend, declare, guard, conserve, affirm; (n, v) justify, allege. ANTONYMS: (v) change, neglect, abandon, transform, quit, grant, end, cancel, endanger, refute, stop majesty: (adj, n) grandeur, splendor, nobility; (n) dignity, loftiness, magnificence, stateliness, greatness, king, royalty, highness. ANTONYMS: (n) austerity, simplicity making: (n) creation, construction, production, fabrication, manufacture, cartography, devising, fashioning, manufacturing, formation; (v) to make. ANTONYMS: (n) undoing, destruction male: (n) fellow, boy, chap, guy, man, lad, gent; (adj) masculine, manly, virile, manlike. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) female; (n) woman; (adj) feminine, androgynous malice: (n) spite, animosity, enmity, venom, ill will, hatred, malevolence, cruelty, envy, hate, spleen. ANTONYMS: (n) goodwill, benevolence, affection, goodness malicious: (adj) evil, vicious, venomous, spiteful, unkind, cruel, poisonous, mean, mischievous, pernicious, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) kind, harmless, kindhearted, loving, unmalicious, compassionate, good, merciful, pleasant, provoked manage: (n, v) direct, govern, guide; (v) do, administer, cope, accomplish, deal, work, arrange, lead. ANTONYMS: (v) fail, lose, bungle manly: (adj) manlike, masculine, manful, virile, brave, gallant; (adv) manfully, boldly, hardily, virilely; (adj, adv) stately. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, unmanly, cowardly; (adv) unmanfully manner: (adj, n) kind; (n) bearing, demeanor, method, form, appearance, carriage, way; (n, v) custom, style, habit manners: (n) conduct, etiquette, propriety, behavior, deportment, manner, courtesy, custom, decorum, good manners, usage. ANTONYM: (n) vulgarity

William Shakespeare march: (n, v) hike, parade, trek, ramble, journey, tramp, course; (n) demonstration; (v) process, pace, stride marches: (n) precinct, Marche, stint marking: (n) earmark, crisscross, brand, marker, maculation, grading, stamping, authentication, lineation, cairn, cross marks: (v) score; (n) first baron marks of Broughton, footprint, imprints, inscription, path, script, Simon marks, symbols, trace, track marriage: (adj, n) bridal, nuptial; (n) matrimony, espousal, union, wedlock, intermarriage, alliance, coupling; (n, v) match; (v) marry. ANTONYM: (n) separation married: (adj) wedded, conjugal, matrimonial, connubial, nuptial, united, mixed, connected, marrying, attached, unite. ANTONYMS: (adj) unmarried, unattached, divorced, public marry: (n, v) wed, espouse; (v) get married, link, conjoin, wive, splice, tie, unite, couple; (n) marriage. ANTONYMS: (v) divorce, separate, split marshall: (n) field marshal, dowdy, George Marshall, comte de Saxe, George Catlett Marshall, John Marshall masque: (n) masquerade, guiser, guisard, masked ball, party, mummery, mummer, interlude, lever de rideau, opera, opera bouffe master: (n) captain, instructor, lord; (v) control, conquer, command, dominate, defeat; (adj, n) original, head, ace. ANTONYMS: (n) underling, servant, novice, amateur match: (n, v) mate, meet, pair, fellow; (v) agree, harmonise, accord, correspond, harmonize; (adj, n, v) parallel; (n) peer. ANTONYMS: (v) contradict, conflict, disagree, jar, differ; (n) difference matter: (n) business, substance, issue, material, affair, concern, incident, article, subject; (n, v) case; (adj, n) import maul: (v) mangle, beat, batter, molest, thrash; (adj, v) bruise, buffet; (n) hammer, mallet, sledgehammer, sledge meagre: (adj) exiguous, paltry, necessitous, miserable, marginal, meagerly, gaunt, emaciated, inadequate, deficient, beggarly. ANTONYM: (adj) ample mean: (adj, n) middle, low,

contemptible, average, medium, common; (v) design; (n, v) imply, denote; (adj) ignoble, hateful. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, kind, extravagant, charitable, luxurious, rich, expansive, extreme, great; (n) maximum, minimum means: (n) instrument, agency, income, assets, manner, funds, capital, channel, property, resource, resources. ANTONYM: (n) poverty meantime: (adv) meanwhile, in the meantime, simultaneously; (n) interval, interlude, while, at times, whiles, mean, instrument measure: (n) amount, criterion, extent, measurement, estimate, degree, beat, benchmark, quantity, meter; (n, v) act. ANTONYMS: (v) guess, estimate measures: (n) proceedings, actions, events, method, preparations, process, provision, way, planning meddling: (adj) busy, inquisitive, curious, meddlesome, intrusive, officious, nosy, dabbling, impertinent, busybodied; (adj, n) prying medicine: (n) drug, medication, medicament, therapy, physic, treatment, remedy, cathartic, medical science, preparation; (v) medicate meet: (v) find, converge, assemble, gather, fulfill, congregate, answer, cross, confront, intersect; (adv, v) encounter. ANTONYMS: (v) diverge, disperse, separate, part, leave, differ, disband meeting: (n) confluence, convention, concourse, assembly, conference, congress, council, meet, caucus, appointment, junction. ANTONYMS: (n) parting, trough melted: (adj) molten, fluid, liquified, dissolved, liquefied, baked, fluent, touched, limpid, sorry, flowing merciless: (adj) brutal, pitiless, unmerciful, remorseless, heartless, implacable, inhuman, hard, grim, barbarous, unfeeling. ANTONYMS: (adj) charitable, kind, humane, soft, caring, tolerant mercury: (n) Hg, hydrargyrum, quicksilver, metal, messenger, spirit, comet, Hermes, terrestrial planet, hectogram, iris mercy: (n) kindness, compassion, pity, favor, leniency, pardon, forgiveness, grace, charity, humanity; (n, v) quarter. ANTONYMS: (n) cruelty, harshness,

157 unkindness, severity, mercilessness, ruthlessness, impatience, inhumanity merit: (n, v) deserve; (adj, n) excellence, worth, desert; (n) virtue, credit, significance, value, goodness, quality; (v) rate. ANTONYMS: (n) demerit, disgrace, fault, insignificance, mediocrity, commonness meritorious: (adj) commendable, laudable, deserving, estimable, creditable, worthy, admirable, excellent, praiseworthy, desertful, meritable. ANTONYMS: (adj) discreditable, worthless merry: (adj) joyful, lively, cheerful, glad, jolly, facetious, frolicsome, lighthearted, festive; (adj, n) convivial, jovial. ANTONYMS: (adj) gloomy, miserable, serious, uptight messenger: (n, v) herald; (n) harbinger, runner, emissary, bearer, ambassador, precursor, courier, carrier, apostle, errand metal: (n) gallium, calcium, europium, chromium, cm, cobalt, curium, dysprosium, erbium, caesium, cadmium. ANTONYM: (adj) nonmetallic methinks: (adv) meseems metropolis: (n) city, capital, town, municipality, buffalo, meshed, borough, burgh, independence, hull, bale mettle: (n) heart, courage, spunk, fortitude, guts, character, spirit, bravery, valor, boldness; (adj, n) pluck midnight: (n) dark, noon, hour might: (n) power, energy, ability, influence, strength, puissance, vehemence, intensity; (v) may, can, could. ANTONYMS: (n) weakness, feebleness, meekness mighty: (adj) immense, huge, grand, intense, high, big, forcible, strong, large, great; (adj, adv) powerful. ANTONYMS: (adj) puny, tiny, weak, insignificant mind: (n, v) intellect, notice, regard; (v) care, look, attend, beware, keep, listen, look after; (n) disposition. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, neglect, disregard, disobey, Miss, ignore; (n) emotion, inattention; (adj) physical mine: (adj, v) excavate, sap; (n) excavation, pit, fund, land mine, vein; (v) exploit, burrow; (adj) my, delve mingled: (adj) miscellaneous, complex, indiscriminate,

158 heterogeneous, medley, confused, eclectic, motley, different; (v) blended, blent minute: (n, v) note; (adj) little, delicate, microscopic, small, atomic; (n) jiffy, flash, moment, second, memorandum. ANTONYMS: (adj) huge, big, gigantic, significant, cursory, immeasurable, tremendous, important, colossal, giant, large minutes: (n) record, transactions, records, memorandum, journal, minute, report, proceeding, legal proceeding, judicial proceeding, Hansard mirth: (adj, n) merriment, jollity; (n) amusement, happiness, delight, joy, hilarity, cheerfulness, festivity, gladness, exhilaration. ANTONYMS: (n) gloom, sadness, misery misbegotten: (adj, prep) misbegot; (adj) illegitimate, spurious, bastardly, deformed, fake, fraudulent, inauthentic, bogus; (v) miscreated, misshapen miscarry: (v) fail, founder, abort, fall, flop, break down, go wrong, backfire, fall through, miss, lose mistake: (n, v) miss, blunder, err, slip; (n) failure, error, misconception, misapprehension, defect, demerit; (v) misapprehend. ANTONYMS: (v) appreciate, distinguish, interpret mock: (adj, v) counterfeit; (n, v) ridicule, jeer, gibe, laugh at, flout; (adj, n, v) burlesque, sham; (v) mimic, ape, taunt. ANTONYMS: (adj) real, natural; (v) praise, applaud, respect, approve mockery: (n) gibe, jeer, irony, farce, charade, derision, parody, mock, scorn, imitation, burlesque. ANTONYM: (n) approval modern: (adj) new, fashionable, late, advanced, current, latest, recent, novel, present, contemporary, stylish. ANTONYMS: (adj) ancient, antiquated, traditional, prehistoric, conservative, neurotic, primordial, past, stale, dated module: (n) component, modulus, faculty, part, mental faculty, cartridge, paradigm, subarray, monad, entrance number, program unit moles: (n) suborder Lipotyphla, order Insectivora, Talpidae, hedgehogs, family Talpidae, Lipotyphla moment: (n, v) consequence, weight;

King John (adj, n) instant; (n) flash, jiffy, minute, import, second, time, bit, hour. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsequence, age, triviality monarch: (n) sovereign, lord, emperor, ruler, czar, despot, autocrat, tsar, tzar, Danaus Plexippus; (adj) prince money: (n) currency, capital, kale, funds, means, lucre, assets, legal tender, pelf, cash, dough monk: (n) monastic, hermit, priest, conventual, Buddhist, brother, cenobite, monkly, friar, abbot, monkey monster: (n) beast, fiend, devil, freak, brute, demon, ogre, leviathan, behemoth, monstrosity; (adj) huge monstrous: (adj) huge, atrocious, heinous, monster, immense, gigantic, grievous, ugly, flagitious, dreadful; (adj, v) grotesque. ANTONYMS: (adj) tiny, minute, beautiful, good, small, lovely, attractive mood: (adj, n) humor, frame of mind; (n) atmosphere, climate, disposition, attitude, air, feeling, mode, temper, temperament morning: (n) dawn, sunrise, morn, forenoon, daylight, first light, am, dayspring, aurora, cockcrow, dawning. ANTONYMS: (n) sunset, nighttime, nightfall morrow: (n) morning, future, mean solar day, day morsel: (n, v) bite, mouthful; (n) crumb, chew, particle, fragment, taste, piece, nibble; (adj, v) gobbet, mite mortal: (adj) deadly, fatal, lethal, deathly, earthly; (n) man, individual, creature, person, human being, body. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) immortal; (adj) eternal, heavenly, mild, perfect, spiritual mortality: (n) fatality, flesh, death rate, death, humanity, mankind, demise, mortality rate, morbidity; (adj) caducity, fugacity mote: (adj, n) molecule, speck, atom, corpuscle, particle, dot; (n) grain, jot, iota, must; (adj) dust mother: (n) mamma, mommy, origin, mama, ma, mammy, mummy; (n, v) father; (v) engender, generate, beget motion: (n) action, movement, gesticulation, play, exercise, passage; (n, v) wave, sign, signal; (v) beckon, gesticulate. ANTONYMS: (n) inertia, motionlessness, inactivity, stillness; (v) dismiss

motive: (n, v) cause; (n) account, incentive, impulse, inducement, motif, motivation, incitement, reason, subject; (v) aim. ANTONYM: (n) disincentive mountain: (n, v) mound; (n) heap, height, peak, mountain range, stack, pile, mass, Ben, volcano, bundle mountains: (n) plenty, mountain range, mountain chain mounted: (adj) equestrian, mounting, mounts, set, firm, affixed, decorated. ANTONYM: (adj) unmounted mounting: (n, v) mount; (adj, n) climbing; (n) ascent, setting, climb, frame, assembly, chassis, framework, ascension; (adj, adv) rising mounts: (adj) mounted mouth: (n) lip, lips, aperture, edge, entrance, snout, entry; (n, v) grimace; (v) articulate, pronounce, speak move: (v) excite, go, affect, carry, touch, instigate, travel; (n, v) act, drive, transfer, maneuver. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, restore, refrain, remain, rest, withdraw, stop, repel, come, leave multitude: (n) flock, horde, crowd, host, throng, concourse, mob, masses, mass, herd, swarm. ANTONYM: (n) trickle munition: (n) arms, supplies, escarpment, fieldwork, breastwork, defilade, dugout, escarp, fortification, gunnery, bastion murder: (n, v) massacre, carnage, slaughter, homicide, butcher; (v) kill, slay, destroy, execute, dispatch, assassinate murderer: (n) assassin, cutthroat, killer, manslayer, murderess, executioner, thug, liquidator; (v) butcher; (n, v) slayer, terrorist murderous: (adj) cutthroat, homicidal, gory, bloodthirsty, cruel, brutal, fierce, mortal, deadly, lethal, killing. ANTONYM: (adj) easy murmuring: (n) murmuration, murmur, complaint, grumble, muttering, mutter, murmur vowel; (adj) whispering, humming, droning, murmurous muse: (v) meditate, ponder, deliberate, consider, cogitate, reflect, brood, ruminate, speculate, think, mull. ANTONYM: (v) wander myself: (pron) me, itself, herself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) I, yourselves; (adv) in person, for myself, in my opinion.

William Shakespeare ANTONYMS: (adv) universally, generally naked: (adj, v) bare; (adj) nude, exposed, open, barren, raw, bleak, unclothed, defenseless, au naturel, defenceless. ANTONYMS: (adj) covered, concealed, hidden, dressed name: (v) appoint, describe, baptize, list, enumerate, identify, cite, mention; (n, v) title, entitle; (n) epithet. ANTONYMS: (n) nobody, indecency namely: (adv, n) videlicet, that is to say; (n) to wit, id EST; (adv) viz, that is, scilicet, expressly, particularly, specifically, especially names: (n) calumny, defamation, hatchet job nation: (n) state, country, kingdom, people, community, commonwealth, land, a people, body politic, nationality, tribe native: (adj, n) aboriginal, natural; (adj) inherent, inborn, innate, congenital, inbred, indigenous, domestic; (n) autochthon, aborigine. ANTONYMS: (n) stranger, migrant, foreigner; (adj) foreign, learned, acquired, nonnative, overseas, adopted; (adj, n) immigrant, imported natural: (adj) inherent, innate, unaffected, instinctive, artless, congenital, inborn, normal, intrinsic, essential, native. ANTONYMS: (adj) affected, refined, false, cultivated, unnatural, paranormal, supernatural, abnormal, forced, exceptional, strained naturally: (adv, int) of course; (adv) spontaneously, unaffectedly, natively, openly, essentially, course, by nature, understandably, normally; (adj, adv) innately. ANTONYMS: (adv) artificially, surprisingly, uncharacteristically, pretentiously, unusually, abnormally, affectedly, shyly nature: (n) disposition, essence, quality, creation, breed, temperament, type, attribute; (adj, n) character, class, manner near: (adj, adv, v) close, at hand; (adv, prep) by, around, towards; (adj, v) familiar, adjoining, approximate; (adj, adv, prep) about; (adj, adv) almost; (adj) imminent. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, far, further, actual, exact; (v) leave need: (adj, n, v) lack, want; (n, v) demand, desire, deficiency, must, destitution; (n) necessity,

requirement; (v) require, claim. ANTONYMS: (v) obviate, dislike, have; (n) option, luxury, glut, unimportance, affluence, prosperity needful: (adj) necessary, essential, indispensable, required, needed, mandatory, exigent, needy; (adj, v) requisite; (n) necessity, almighty dollar needles: (adj) gratuitous, wanton, unwarranted, unprovoked, senseless; (n) nervousness, anxiety needless: (adj, v) unnecessary, superfluous; (adj) futile, dispensable, bootless, excessive, preventable, meaningless, pointless, wanton, unavailing. ANTONYMS: (adj) essential, worthwhile, inevitable, justifiable needs: (adv) inevitably, needfully, indispensably, by necessity, inescapably, of necessity, ineluctably; (n) must, requirement, necessity; (adj) needed ne'er: (adv) never, certainly not neighborhood: (n) vicinity, district, area, community, locality, place, quarter, environs, section; (adj) neighboring, local neither: (conj) either, no-one, not either, nor, nother nephew: (n) aunt, grandnephew, brother's son, niece, cousin, uncle, kinsman never: (adv) ne'er, Nevers, always, not ever, by no means, at all times, not at all, not, NE. ANTONYMS: (adv) always, forever newly: (adv) freshly, recently, lately, new, late, novelly, unusedly, anew, fresh; (adj, adv) afresh; (adj) recent newness: (n) freshness, recency, originality, innovation, inexperience, new, uniqueness, age, novity, recentness, new state. ANTONYMS: (n) mustiness, oldness news: (n) advice, message, information, intelligence, tidings, story, report, notice, communication, gossip; (adj) new next: (adj) nearest, adjacent, contiguous, following, future, coming, ensuing, after; (adv, conj) then, afterward; (adj, v) subsequent. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) previous, previously, preceding; (adj) outgoing, distant; (adv) before nice: (adj) fastidious, dainty, fine, good, lovely, kind, likable, delicious, difficult, precise; (adj, n) neat. ANTONYMS: (adj) horrible, nasty, unlikable, rough, mean, loathsome,

159 approximate, unsavory, unfriendly, inelegant, bad niece: (n) grandniece, aunt, brother's daughter, uncle, kinswoman nigh: (adj, adv, prep) near; (adj, adv) close, nearly, almost, nearby, most, all but, about, adjacent; (prep) by; (adj) approximate night: (n) dark, dusk, darkness, gloaming, twilight, nighttime, Nox, eventide, period; (adj) nocturnal, gloomy. ANTONYMS: (n) day, light, sunrise nights: (adj) nightly; (n) night nimble: (adj) lively, adroit, agile, brisk, spry, alert, expeditious, energetic, clever, lithe; (adj, v) light. ANTONYMS: (adj) clumsy, heavy, stiff, slow, awkward, sluggish, unfit nobility: (n) aristocracy, greatness, dignity, lord, noblesse, magnanimousness, baronage, gentry, nobleman; (adj) generosity; (adj, n) magnanimity. ANTONYM: (n) baseness noble: (adj, n) grand, glorious, patrician; (adj) imposing, impressive, elevated, majestic, generous, high; (adj, v) dignified, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) shameful, humble, dishonorable, lowly, lowborn, disgraceful, unimpressive, ignoble, modest, petty; (n) lady nobleman: (n) patrician, aristocrat, lord, peer, marquis, nobility, grandee, baron, duke, armiger, burgrave nobles: (n) landed gentry, upper class noise: (n, v) clatter, echo; (n) clamor, hubbub, racket, sound, disturbance, uproar, din, buzz, clang. ANTONYMS: (n) silence, quiet, quietness, sense none: (n) nought, naught, nobody, zilch, anything; (adv) not, neither, any; (adj) whatsoever, no, whatever noon: (n) high noon, noonday, noontide, afternoon, hour, dinnertime, crest, twelve noon; (adj) meridian, meridional; (adj, n) culmination north: (adv) northwards, northerly, northward, in the north; (n) n, union, compass north, due north, magnetic north, norther; (adj) northbound note: (n, v) comment, mind, remark, mention, heed, mark, look, report; (n) indication, annotation; (v) detect. ANTONYMS: (v) disregard; (n) disgrace, invoice nothing: (adv, n) naught; (adj, n) nil,

160 null; (n) nobody, cipher, nihil, nonentity, trifle, nix, aught, cypher. ANTONYMS: (pron) anything, everything, some; (n) all nought: (adj, n) nil, naught, zero; (n) cipher, cypher, nobody, aught, nix, null, nada; (adj) no number: (n, v) amount, figure; (v) calculate, total, aggregate, enumerate, come; (n) score, act, volume, issue oath: (n) expletive, malediction, imprecation, promise, affidavit, cuss, swearing, pledge, assurance, asseveration; (v) swear obedience: (n) meekness, submission, deference, obeisance, acquiescence, subordination, bow, observance, docility, loyalty, allegiance. ANTONYMS: (n) disobedience, defiance, naughtiness, resistance, divergence, chaos, wildness occasion: (n, v) cause; (n) case, event, juncture, episode, incident; (v) bring about, create, beget, make, induce ocean: (n) deep, brine, salt water, main, waves, watery waste, multitude, lot; (adj) oceanic, many, marine odoriferous: (adj) odorous, aromatic, balmy, sweet, spicy, scented, odorant, ambrosial, malodorous, redolent, unsavory o'er: (adv) on, upon, across offence: (n) insult, injury, guilt, error, delinquency, fault, misdeed, infraction, infringement, attack, offense offend: (v) irritate, affront, insult, contravene, injure, disgust, infringe, displease, abuse, wound, anger. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, praise, attract offer: (v) give, bestow, put, tender, extend, impart, introduce, advance, propose; (n) proposal, proposition. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse, withhold, take office: (n) function, position, agency, commission, appointment, division, place, bureau, post, job; (n, v) duty officers: (n) executive committee, staff offspring: (n, v) issue, breed, brood; (n) progeny, family, children, child, successor, lineage, young; (v) fruit. ANTONYM: (n) parent oftentimes: (adv) frequently, ofttimes, oft, frequent, repeatedly, much, a great deal. ANTONYM: (adv) rarely once: (adv, n) formerly; (adv) before,

King John ever, previously, one time, at one time, already, erst; (adj, adv) erstwhile; (adj) former; (n) whilom. ANTONYM: (adv) future onset: (n, v) attack; (n) incursion, charge, aggression, onslaught, inroad, beginning, assault, birth, onrush, dawn. ANTONYMS: (n) termination, conclusion, departure open: (adj, n) frank, candid; (adj, n, v) clear; (adj) obvious, exposed, artless, free, honest, guileless, forthright, naked. ANTONYMS: (adj, v) shut; (v) close, end; (adj) devious, secretive, concealed, furtive, restricted, limited, reserved, secret opinion: (adj, n, v) judgment, feeling, notion; (n) idea, belief, conjecture, advice, guess, impression, view; (n, v) meaning opposite: (adj, n) contrary, contradictory, opponent; (adj) adverse, different, opposing, hostile, diametric, opposed; (adj, pron) other; (adj, adv) counter. ANTONYMS: (adj) allied, alternate, identical, like, same, parallel; (n) sameness, alikeness, confirmation oppressed: (adj) laden, persecuted, broken, burdened, drawn, gloomy, aggrieved, downcast, heavy, ladened, loaded oppression: (n, v) hardship, grievance; (n) injustice, despotism, weight, stress, doldrums; (adj, n) abuse, tyranny, dictatorship, autocracy. ANTONYMS: (n) democracy, ease, freedom, liberty orchard: (n) park, garden, plantation, arboretum, avenue, pinetum, shrubbery, woodlet, parterre, pinery, copse ordain: (n, v) decree, command, order, direct; (adj, v) enact, establish, institute; (v) dictate, appoint, consecrate, nominate order: (n, v) command, direct, decree, dictate, sort, rank, array, commission, charge; (n) instruction, edict. ANTONYMS: (n, v) request; (n) mayhem, confusion, chaos, mess, anarchy, disorderliness, disarray; (v) disturb, deregulate, supply ordering: (n) disposition, sequence, order, disposal, grading, adjustment, management, decree, configuration, classification; (adj) imperative orders: (n) holy orders, information, preparation, remit, briefing, guidelines ordinary: (adj, n, v) customary, usual;

(adj) middling, mediocre, average, normal, everyday; (adj, n) familiar, accustomed, habitual; (adj, v) general. ANTONYMS: (adj) unusual, strange, peculiar, outstanding, incredible, special, famous, distinguished, abnormal, particular, exotic others: (n) rest, cessation, lie, lave, LAN, ease, acquiesce, intermission ourselves: (pron) myself, herself, itself, oneself, themselves, yourself; (n) me, yourselves, usself outface: (v) brave, dip slope, gaze, outscout, stare down outlook: (n) aspect, hope, expectancy, view, angle, attitude; (n, v) expectation, lookout, prospect, anticipation, landscape. ANTONYMS: (n) past, rear outrage: (n, v) insult, affront, dishonor, anger; (v) offend, violate, desecrate; (adj, n, v) abuse; (n) atrocity, indignity, enormity outside: (adv) outdoors, alfresco, out of doors; (n, prep) exterior; (adj, prep) external; (adj) outdoor, foreign, outer, extraneous, remote, outward. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv, n, prep) inside; (adj) indoor, internal, likely, strong; (prep) in, within; (adv) indoors; (adj, n) interior outward: (adj) external, apparent, extrinsic, outer, superficial, surface, outside, ostensible, foreign, outdoor; (adv) out. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) inward; (adj) inner, internal, deep overbear: (v) overpower, overcome, bear down, conquer, press, defeat, beat, domineer, crush, subdue, prostrate overthrow: (adj, n, v) defeat, rout; (n) fall, downfall, destruction; (n, v) overpower, ruin, overturn; (adj, v) overcome; (v) bring down, demolish. ANTONYMS: (v) install, validate, lose, appoint; (n) victory, beginning owner: (n) proprietor, possessor, holder, lord, landowner, landholder, boss, proprietary, landlord, keeper, employer. ANTONYMS: (n) tenant, seller pagan: (adj, n) gentile, ethnic, agnostic; (n) idolater, infidel, paynim, heretic; (adj) heathenish, irreligious, ethnical, profane painfully: (adv) sorely, grievously, distressingly, severely, tenderly, badly, agonizingly, laboriously, sadly, bitterly, poignantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) easily, tolerably

William Shakespeare pains: (n) nisus, labor, trouble, effort, exertion, labour, pain, care, struggle, attempt, strain paint: (n, v) color, tint; (v) daub, coat, decorate, varnish, depict, enamel, lacquer, apply; (n) painting painted: (adj) colored, dyed, coloured, motley, stained, tinted, variegated, particoloured, delineated, graphic; (v) depaint. ANTONYM: (adj) unpainted pair: (n, v) match; (adj, n) brace; (n) duet, duo, dyad; (v) join, mate, link, copulate, equate, marry palace: (n) castle, mansion, hall, alcazar, chateau, palazzo, house, palaces, regime, fortress, serai pale: (adj) faint, wan, dull, weak, light, bloodless, pallid; (adj, v) dim; (n) boundary, confine; (v) blanch. ANTONYMS: (adj) strong, rosy, brown, well, glowing, vivid, healthy, clear, colorful; (v) redden, darken palm: (n) medal, decoration, prize, palm tree, victory, thenar, laurel wreath; (v) filch, cabbage, rob; (adj) totipalmate paltry: (adj, n) mean; (adj) contemptible, measly, trifling, abject, insignificant, inconsiderable, puny, little, trivial, low. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, substantial, plentiful, enormous, important, profound pangs: (n) anguish, compunction, contrition, distress parched: (adj, n) thirsty; (adj) arid, adust, torrid, barren, desiccated, dehydrated, scorched, baked, withered, shriveled. ANTONYMS: (adj) quenched, humid parchment: (n) vellum, sheepskin, lambskin, diploma, testament, will; (v) foolscap, tablet, table, slate, pillar pardon: (v) excuse, condone, forgive, acquit, spare; (n) amnesty, forgiveness, grace; (adj, v) justify, exonerate, exculpate. ANTONYMS: (n, v) blame; (v) punish, castigate, condemn, convict; (n) intolerance parle: (n, v) parley parley: (v) negotiate, converse, confer, consult; (n, v) talk, treat; (n) conversation, interview, colloquy, meeting, consultation part: (adj, n) constituent; (n) piece, article, section; (v) break, disjoin, divide, divorce; (n, v) branch, division, character. ANTONYMS: (n) whole, entirety; (v) join, unite, meet, arrive, connect; (adv) wholly party: (n) company, band, group,

assembly, crew, association, gathering, crowd, clique, meeting, celebration pass: (adj, n, v) run; (v) flow, give, deliver, lead, happen, overtake, proceed; (adj, v) move; (n, v) offer, live. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, make, take, veto; (n) failing, rejection, exclusion passage: (n, v) course, journey; (n) gangway, corridor, hall, channel, entry, way, entrance, lobby, duct. ANTONYMS: (n) rejection, room passion: (n) affection, fire, fervor, love, feeling, anger, enthusiasm, heat, craving, desire; (n, v) ardor. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, hate, serenity, meekness, hatred, doubt, dislike, calmness, moderation passionate: (adj, v) ardent, impetuous; (adj) hot, excited, burning, angry, fervent, fierce, animated, earnest; (adj, adv) fiery. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, mild, passionless, unenthusiastic, cold, calm, halfhearted, cool, lukewarm, weak, uninterested past: (n) history, yesterday; (adj, adv, prep) beyond; (adj) former, bygone, old, prior, over, gone by; (adv) before; (adv, pref) along. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) future, present; (prep) within; (adj) current, contemporary, modern, upcoming, following, subsequent, later; (n) prospect pate: (n) crown, noddle, nob, crest, chief, poll, cerebrum, brainpan, cranium, scull, upper story path: (n, v) course, passage, line; (n) way, direction, highway, orbit, track, lane, means, walk. ANTONYM: (n) room pattern: (n) design, fashion, figure, norm, example, paragon; (n, v) mold, shape, form, order; (v) mould pause: (n, v) halt, interruption, adjournment, delay, respite, stop; (adj, n, v) rest; (n) intermission, gap; (adj, v) discontinue; (v) hesitate. ANTONYMS: (n) decisiveness, continuation, start; (v) proceed peace: (adj, n) calm, quiet; (n) harmony, hush, repose, ease, amity, agreement, rest, pacification, order. ANTONYMS: (n) noise, chaos, conflict, uproar, commotion, agitation, war, distress, suffering, disruption, turbulence peaceful: (adj) peaceable, quiet, gentle, even, silent, meek, peace, staid, placid, tranquil,

161 imperturbable. ANTONYMS: (adj) aggressive, tense, noisy, turbulent, disturbed, hostile, disruptive, bothered, warlike, unpeaceful, compulsory pearls: (n) beads, jewelry, jewellery peering: (adj) nosy, prying, snoopy peevish: (adj) fretful, fractious, morose, testy, irascible, moody, captious, petulant, cross, cantankerous, touchy pencil: (n) beam, Pleiades, gleam, light, group, cluster; (v) brush, draw, design, paint, limn draw penny: (n) change, coin, centime, copper, groat, subunit, money, mite, doit, small change, denomination peradventure: (adv) perchance, perhaps, possibly, mayhap, by chance, haply, fortunately, gracefully, felicitously; (n) chance; (conj) if perceive: (v) comprehend, apprehend, discover, see, grasp, find, know, observe, sense, appreciate; (adj, v) discern. ANTONYMS: (v) Miss, observe, ignore perchance: (adv) maybe, possibly, by chance, peradventure, accidentally, incidentally, mayhap, chance, haphazard, probably, haply perfect: (adj, n, v) consummate, complete; (adj, n) absolute, full, entire; (adj) exact, utter, thorough, faultless, integral, exquisite. ANTONYMS: (adj) flawed, faulty, wrong, inferior, misshapen, incorrect, defective, used, everyday, unhappy, partial perfection: (n) maturity, ideal, consummation, paragon, completeness, finish, completion, crown, flawlessness, development, ne plus ultra. ANTONYMS: (n) imperfection, fault, abandonment, ugliness, deterioration perforce: (n) on compulsion; (adv) needs perform: (v) execute, fulfill, accomplish, do, achieve, complete, carry out, behave, make, play, appear. ANTONYMS: (v) omit, rehearse, malfunction, stop performed: (adj, v) done, finished; (adj) fulfilled perfume: (n, v) scent, essence, odor, smell; (n) aroma, bouquet, cologne, incense, odour; (v) embalm, aromatize. ANTONYMS: (n) stink, stench perhaps: (adv) mayhap, perchance,

162 peradventure, possibly, probably, conceivably, by chance, haply, if, presumably; (n) might. ANTONYM: (adv) certainly peril: (n, v) hazard, risk, endanger, menace, adventure; (n) danger, jeopardy, chance; (v) imperil, expose, compromise. ANTONYM: (n) security perilous: (adj, v) dangerous, hazardous; (adj) insecure, unsafe, parlous, precarious, risky, treacherous, dicey, critical, dodgy. ANTONYM: (adj) secure perpetual: (adj) incessant, continual, constant, endless, eternal, everlasting, lasting, ceaseless, immortal, continuous, perennial. ANTONYMS: (adj) temporary, intermittent, transitory, mortal, unstable, finite, inconstant, occasional, sporadic perplex: (adj, v) confuse, puzzle; (v) amaze, mystify, astonish, nonplus, complicate, confound, disconcert, bother, get. ANTONYMS: (v) simplify, clarify, enlighten, placate, explain person: (n) individual, human, man, mortal, character, soul, human being, being, creature, body; (n, v) party persons: (n) folk, public, society, world persuasion: (n) belief, opinion, faith, inducement, creed, idea, exhortation, enticement, view, sentiment; (adj, n) conviction. ANTONYMS: (n) force, punishment, dissuasion perusing: (n) poring over, studying peter: (n) Dick, prick, pecker, calamus, bill, beam of light, beam, beak, barb, asshole, bastard philip: (n) prince Philip philosophy: (n) ethics, logic, theory, ideology, literalism, monism, metaphysics, etiology, esthetics, axiology; (adj, n) stoicism physic: (n) medicine, aperient, cathartic, medication, healing, medicament, drug; (n, v) cure, doctor, remedy; (v) heal pick: (n) alternative, best, option, selection, choice; (adj, n) cream, elite; (adj, v) select; (v) opt, harvest, gather. ANTONYMS: (v) reject, refuse picked: (adj) select, chosen, best, recherche, rare, priceless, preferred, pointed, elected, named; (v) choose pieces: (n) debris, trash

King John pigmy: (adj, n) pygmy; (adj) tiny, exiguous, petty, minikin, pigwidgeon, urchin, elfin; (n) elf, manikin, atom pitiful: (adj, n) abject; (adj) pathetic, lamentable, piteous, contemptible, miserable, distressing, mean, wretched, poor, sad. ANTONYMS: (adj) generous, heartwarming, admirable, cheerful, fine, happy, impressive pity: (n, v) compassion, ruth; (n) mercy, commiseration, condolence, sympathy, clemency, remorse; (v) sympathize, compassionate, feel sorry for. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, cruelty, indifference, harshness, joy place: (n, v) post, order; (v) fix, lay, arrange, locate, install; (adj, n, v) rank, station; (n) domicile, office. ANTONYMS: (v) remove, divest, lift, dismantle plague: (v) molest, harass, afflict, hassle, annoy, badger, pester, disturb, beleaguer; (n, v) worry; (adj, n, v) bother. ANTONYM: (v) comfort plagued: (adj) overrun, inundated, snowed under, beleaguered, weighed down, obsessed, besieged, beset, overwhelmed plain: (adj) ordinary, comprehensible, intelligible, apparent, manifest, obvious, clear, simple; (adj, n) flat, homely, humble. ANTONYMS: (adj) elaborate, unclear, multicolored, mottled, ornate, concealed, attractive, confused, fussy, obscure, patterned plaster: (n) mortar, paste, gum, glue, bandage, cataplasm; (v) daub, paint; (n, v) cement, stucco, poultice. ANTONYM: (v) uncover play: (n, v) act, frolic, pastime, game, sport, exercise, joke, bet, wager; (v) enact; (adj, v) perform. ANTONYMS: (n) tightness; (v) avoid, leave, real plea: (n) defense, answer, apology, pretext, appeal, defence, petition, claim, allegation, adjuration, call. ANTONYMS: (n) instruction, accusation, response pleading: (adj) importunate, imploring, beseeching, appealing, suppliant; (n) defense, replication, demurrer, defence, advocacy, argument pleased: (adj) contented, glad, delighted, content, joyful, thankful, gratified, appreciative, overjoyed, cheerful; (adj, v) elated.

ANTONYMS: (adj) unhappy, annoyed, angry, worried, ashamed, disappointed, frustrated, sad, unsatisfied, ungrateful, uncomplimentary pleasure: (n) fun, enjoyment, delectation, joy, comfort, happiness, mirth, inclination; (n, v) contentment, content; (adj, n, v) gratification. ANTONYMS: (n) irritation, nuisance, boredom, ache, displeasure, dissatisfaction, misery, pain, sadness, worry, anguish pleasures: (n) pleasure pluck: (adj, n) nerve; (v) cull, jerk, gather, pick, fleece, grab; (n) grit, courage, boldness; (n, v) pull. ANTONYMS: (n) cowardice, gutlessness; (v) undercharge plum: (n) damson, greengage, plum tree, prune, drupe, marmalade, lac, licorice; (adv) plumb, clean; (adj) mauve plume: (n) feather, plumage, quill, panache, aigrette, crest, feathering; (v) pride, pluck, dress, preen pocket: (v) take, appropriate, steal, lift, catch; (n, v) sack, pouch; (n) cavity, hole, hollow; (adj) digest. ANTONYM: (v) return point: (n, v) grade, head, nib, level, aim, degree; (n) peak, article, dot; (adj, n) edge; (v) direct. ANTONYM: (n) middle poison: (adj, v) contaminate, taint; (n, v) envenom, drug, empoison; (adj) toxic, poisonous; (v) defile, intoxicate; (n) bane, venom. ANTONYMS: (n) cure; (v) clean policy: (n) course, plan, insurance, approach, tactics, game, system, principle, line, politics, polity pomfret: (n) butterfish, bream pomp: (n) grandeur, parade, ostentation, show, ceremony, glory, luxury, pageantry, magnificence, state, splendor. ANTONYMS: (n) understatement, modesty poor: (adj) bad, miserable, piteous, destitute, pitiful, insufficient, penniless, pathetic; (adj, v) meager; (adj, n) paltry, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) wealthy, excellent, privileged, admirable, good, adequate, satisfactory, outstanding, favorable, dignified, comfortable pope: (n) Holy Father, priest, Vicar of Christ, cardinal, high priest, ruffe, papa, Gregory; (adj) church, gospel, Gregorian pops: (n) man, father, senior possess: (adj, v) own; (v) hold, wield,

William Shakespeare occupy, bear, keep, enjoy, contain, retain, to have, maintain. ANTONYMS: (v) lack, remove possessed: (adj) mad, obsessed, frantic, hysterical, furious, fanatical, infatuated, insane; (v) ought, owed, behoove. ANTONYM: (adj) uninterested possession: (n) occupation, ownership, keeping, goods, substance, tenure, property, grasp, estate, domain; (n, v) acquisition. ANTONYMS: (n) vacancy, sale possible: (adj) imaginable, likely, feasible, practicable, earthly, maybe, probable, practical, potential, tolerable, thinkable. ANTONYMS: (adj) unlikely, compulsory, actual, implausible, unrealistic, unattainable pound: (n, v) pen, hammer, thump; (v) palpitate, grind, maul, crush, bang, flap, mash, buffet pour: (v) gush, shed, decant, scatter, stream, flow, pelt, discharge, teem, infuse; (n, v) overflow. ANTONYMS: (v) drizzle, trickle powder: (n, v) dust; (v) grind, crush, pound, comminute, pulverize, sprinkle, pulverise; (n) gunpowder, pollen, explosive power: (n, v) might, ability, influence, dominion, faculty; (n) potency, energy, control, authority, domination, strength. ANTONYMS: (n) powerlessness, helplessness, weakness, inability, subjugation, moderation, calmness, meekness, inferiority, feebleness, ease powerless: (adj) impotent, unable, feeble, incapable, ineffective, ineffectual, infirm, inefficient, nerveless, weak, prostrate. ANTONYMS: (adj) powerful, strong, effective, capable, able powers: (n) authority, capacity, strength, administration practice: (n, v) exercise, drill, discipline, use; (n) fashion, convention, habitude, habit, experience, form, observance. ANTONYMS: (n) theory, innovation; (v) perform practise: (v) execute, practice, perform, exercise, drill, do, rehearse, learn, take, work out, read pray: (v) beg, implore, entreat, crave, invite, plead, beseech, appeal, importune, adjure, invoke. ANTONYM: (v) reject precedent: (n) example, prototype, case, case in point, instance, rule,

original; (adj, n) antecedent; (adj) preceding, foregoing, anterior precious: (adj, n) beloved; (adj) valuable, costly, cherished, invaluable, expensive, golden, choice, inestimable, exquisite; (n) darling. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheap, hated, shabby preparation: (n) concoction, provision, training, readiness, practice, homework, formulation, planning, prep, instruction, drill prepare: (n, v) arrange, form, plan, make; (v) dress, set, lay, devise, groom, equip; (adj, v) coach. ANTONYM: (v) perform preparing: (n) preparation, manufacturing; (v) brewing, prepare; (adj) preliminary, forthcoming, coming presage: (v) foretell, foreshadow, indicate, portend, augur, prognosticate, predict; (n, v) forebode; (n) foreboding, portent, sign presence: (n) front, manner, mien, bearing, carriage, figure, air, comportment, demeanor, company; (n, v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) absence, nonattendance present: (adj, n, v) gift, grant; (n, v) donation, display; (adj, v) confer, bestow; (v) introduce, give, prefer, offer, perform. ANTONYMS: (v) withdraw, withhold, consume, take; (adj) missing, lost, dated, historical; (adj, n) past, future; (n) history presently: (adv) instantly, directly, currently, before long, shortly, soon, now, at present, readily, just, actually. ANTONYMS: (adv) later, now, formerly press: (n, v) crush, crowd, squeeze, pack; (adj, v) force; (v) push, urge, coerce, exhort, mash, compress. ANTONYMS: (v) loosen, restrain, unpack, demand pretty: (adj) fair, graceful, lovely, handsome, attractive, charming, good-looking, picturesque, dainty; (n) nice; (adv) very. ANTONYMS: (adj) plain, unattractive, modern, inelegant; (adv) extremely prevail: (n, v) triumph, control, govern; (v) dominate, overcome, outweigh, obtain, persist, carry, vanquish; (adj) preponderate. ANTONYM: (v) lose prevented: (adj) disallowed, barred, banned. ANTONYM: (adj) legitimate prince: (n) lord, potentate, sovereign,

163 duke, king, chief, maharaja, maharajah, ruler, magnate, archduke princely: (adj, v) August, grand, great, lordly, dignified, stately; (adj) generous, munificent, majestic, magnificent, gorgeous. ANTONYM: (adj) ungenerous princess: (n) queen, duchess, begum, czarina, maharani, monarch, archduchess, lady, patrician, maharanee, mopsey print: (n, v) mark, impress, photograph; (n) impression, engraving, printing, picture, lettering, copy; (v) issue, engrave prison: (n) calaboose, confinement, lockup, penitentiary, jug, chokey, college, prison house, limbo, confine, custody prisoner: (n) captive, hostage, jailbird, accused, con, gaolbird, criminal, detainee, inmate, defendant, unfortunate private: (adj) clandestine, personal, secret, individual, hidden, inner, exclusive, intimate, esoteric; (adj, v) covert, close. ANTONYMS: (adj) official, nationalized, community, communal, shared, civic, state, open, external, commercial, collective privilege: (n) liberty, prerogative, immunity, freedom, grant, franchise, exemption, concession, claim; (n, v) license, permit. ANTONYM: (n) insult proceeding: (n) matter, transaction, affair, procedure, lawsuit, proceedings; (v) deed, act; (n, v) measure; (adv, n) happening; (adj, adv, v) going on proceedings: (n) lawsuit, minutes, dealings, proceeding, transactions, record, prosecution, trial, case, naturalization, bankruptcy prodigiously: (adv) astonishingly, enormously, immensely, vastly, marvelously, exceptionally, colossally, largely, wonderfully, hugely, tremendously produce: (n, v) effect, gain, make, cause; (v) bring, present, procreate, bring about, generate, breed, construct. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, consume, halt profound: (adj) abstruse, intense, heavy, important, sound, bottomless, grave, obscure, utter, abysmal; (adj, v) solid. ANTONYMS: (adj) shallow, trivial, lightweight, stupid, simple, mild, facile, slight, insignificant, prosaic

164 progress: (v) proceed, continue, go on; (n) headway, improvement, furtherance, betterment, course, growth, development; (n, v) gain. ANTONYMS: (n) decline, deterioration, regression, impasse, decrease, decay; (n, v) retreat; (v) recede, return, deteriorate, stay promise: (n, v) covenant, guarantee, contract, vow, bargain; (v) augur, assure; (n) engagement, assurance, plight, word proper: (adj) due, decent, modest, agreeable, fitting, legitimate, right; (adj, v) correct, fit, becoming; (adj, n) just. ANTONYMS: (adj) inappropriate, wrong, unseemly, rude, unconventional, unsuitable, false, relaxed, vulgar, unreasonable, undue prophesy: (n, v) presage; (v) prognosticate, foretell, augur, foreshow, forecast, portend, foreshadow, forebode, bode, anticipate prophet: (n) augur, oracle, vaticinator, seer, predictor, diviner, forecaster, visionary, foreteller, priest, clairvoyant prophetic: (adj) oracular, mantic, prophetical, prognostic, visionary, biblical, vaticinal, sibylline, foreshadowing, fatidical, pythonic. ANTONYMS: (adj) unprophetic, unimaginative prospect: (n) outlook, expectancy, lookout, aspect, anticipation, hope, possibility, perspective, probability, panorama, picture protest: (n) demonstration, objection, complaint, challenge, question; (v) assert, object, complain, remonstrate, demur; (n, v) moan. ANTONYMS: (n, v) support, praise; (n) approval, acceptance; (v) approve, agree proud: (adj) lofty, disdainful, haughty, exalted, egotistical, gallant, pompous, lordly, majestic, overbearing; (adj, v) dignified. ANTONYMS: (adj) humble, modest, ashamed, embarrassed, sorrowful, disappointed, miserable proudly: (adv) haughtily, arrogantly, superciliously, boastfully, vainly, splendidly, stately, loftily, snootily, disdainfully, conceitedly. ANTONYMS: (adv) humbly, modestly prove: (v) attest, manifest, evidence, establish, show, examine, verify, essay, check, corroborate; (adj, v)

King John confirm. ANTONYMS: (v) refute, undermine proverb: (n) adage, byword, aphorism, dictum, saying, axiom, parable, motto, expression; (n, v) maxim, saw provided: (adv) in case, provided always; (conj) if; (n) conditionally, as if, quasi; (adj) fitted, instructed, enlightened, arranged; (v) foreseen provoke: (n, v) excite; (v) defy, offend, enrage, anger, irritate, arouse, kindle, inflame, invite, get. ANTONYMS: (v) please, soothe, mollify, deter, inhibit, dampen, arbitrate, allay, defuse, discourage, douse prudent: (adj, v) discreet; (adj) cautious, circumspect, reasonable, chary, economical, careful, frugal, deliberate, advisable, canny. ANTONYMS: (adj) imprudent, reckless, spendthrift, stupid, careless, unwise, unsafe, tactless puissance: (n) power, might, potency, vigor, energy, strength, vigour, authority, brawniness, lustiness, hardness pull: (n, v) draw, drag, pluck, tug, wrench, jerk; (v) draught, haul, attract, pick; (n) attraction. ANTONYMS: (v) repel, shove, leave; (n) repulsion, repulsiveness pulse: (n, v) throb; (n) pulsation, impulse, heartbeat, legume, rhythm, pounding, cadence; (v) pulsate, palpitate, pound purchase: (v) obtain, get, procure, bribe; (n) acquisition, leverage, bargain, acquirement, grip, buying; (n, v) contract. ANTONYMS: (v) sell, lose; (n) loss, sale pure: (adj) absolute, natural, faultless, innocent, immaculate, perfect, good, clean; (adj, n) chaste, genuine; (adj, v) mere. ANTONYMS: (adj) contaminated, dishonored, diluted, tainted, wicked, practical, polluted, flawed, marred, unsaturated, unchaste purpose: (n, v) plan, intention, design, project, resolve, purport, end, object; (n) mind, effect, motive. ANTONYM: (n) weakness purse: (n) bag, pouch, money, handbag, sac, currency, pocketbook, pelf; (v) wrinkle, pucker, crease push: (n, v) press, thrust, impel, jolt, force, jab, nudge, crowd, prod, poke; (v) jostle. ANTONYMS: (v) drag, haul, unpack, inhibit, leave, oppose, prevent, restrain, understate, calm;

(n) apathy putting: (n) placing, putt, botong, swing, puts, miniature golf, golf stroke, golf shot, placing into standby quake: (n) earthquake; (n, v) tremor, tremble, shudder, shake; (adj, n, v) shiver; (v) quail, flutter, flicker, vibrate, fluctuate quantity: (n) amount, quantum, extent, measure, sum, multitude, total, portion, heap, degree, deal quarrel: (adj, n, v) dispute; (n, v) fight, feud, brawl, row, altercation, argue, conflict, squabble; (n) dissension, difference. ANTONYMS: (n) agreement, reconciliation, acceptance, concord, consensus; (v) agree quarter: (n) part, district, neighbourhood, division, mercy, neighborhood, region, direction, portion; (n, v) place; (v) lodge. ANTONYM: (v) evict queen: (n) king, lady, sovereign, monarch, dame, pansy, queer, faggot, princess, fairy, czarina quench: (adj, v) extinguish, allay, slake; (v) appease, quash, put out, destroy, assuage, annihilate, calm, chill. ANTONYMS: (v) stimulate, light quest: (n) pursuit, investigation, exploration, chase, research, inquest; (n, v) probe, hunt, inquiry, examination; (v) call for question: (n, v) query, distrust, interrogate, matter, challenge, demand; (n) inquiry; (v) investigate, inquire, contest, examine. ANTONYMS: (n) certainty, resolution; (n, v) trust; (v) praise, reply, believe, accept quickly: (adv) promptly, rapidly, expeditiously, readily, speedily, swiftly, suddenly, hastily; (adj, adv) immediately, shortly; (adv, n) instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) slowly, gradually, permanently, later, eventually, thoroughly quiet: (adj, adv, v) still; (adj, n, v) lull, hush, pacify, compose, appease, assuage; (adj, v) moderate, cool; (adj, adv) gentle, motionless. ANTONYMS: (adj) noisy, talkative, vociferous, active, oratorical, fierce, vocal, unquiet, busy, disordered; (n) noise quite: (adj, adv) altogether, fully, sheer, just; (adv) all, absolutely, completely, entirely, exactly, enough, well. ANTONYMS: (adv)

William Shakespeare hardly, slightly, insufficiently, partially race: (adj, n) kind; (adj, n, v) dash, rush; (n, v) course, run, career; (n) family, people; (v) hurry, hasten, fly. ANTONYMS: (v) linger, amble rage: (adj, n, v) fume, bluster; (adj, n) wrath, indignation, frenzy, mania; (n) passion, anger, craze, exasperation; (n, v) storm. ANTONYMS: (n) gentleness, composure, calm, equanimity, pleasure, serenity rags: (adj) refuse, rubble, scourings, sweepings, trash, waste; (n) clothing, tatter, orts, odds and ends, dress rail: (n) balustrade, handrail, railing, fence, banister, track, guardrail, path; (v) inveigh, vituperate, fulminate rain: (n, v) stream, hail; (n) precipitation, wet, pelting, flow, downpour, rainwater; (v) precipitate, shower, rain down. ANTONYM: (v) drizzle rainbow: (n) tortoise shell, tulip, sunbow, spectrum, peacock, dream, chimera; (adj) multicolored, motley, kaleidoscopic, colorful raise: (n, v) lift, boost, increase; (v) erect, hoist, grow, enhance, build, elevate, promote, foster. ANTONYMS: (n, v) downgrade; (v) lessen, demote, decrease, level, reduce, dismantle, knock; (n) lowering, reduction, descent ramping: (v) raging, rampant, leaping, furious, exuberant, climbing, ascending rankness: (n) foulness, malodourousness, overgrowth, scent, smell, exuberance, odour, odor, body odor, plenty, profusion ranks: (n) rank and file ransacking: (n) rummage, hunting, depredation, digging rash: (adj, n) foolhardy, hasty, precipitate, eruption; (adj) imprudent, reckless, impetuous, heedless, audacious, sudden; (adj, adv) thoughtless. ANTONYMS: (adj) cautious, careful, sensible, wise, considered, deliberate, prudent, modest, slow, responsible, patient rated: (adj) specified rather: (adv) a little, enough, fairly, pretty, moderately, considerably, very, relatively, kind of, instead, kinda. ANTONYMS: (adv) extremely, absolutely; (adj) complete

rattle: (n, v) jingle, jangle, clatter; (n) click, clang, clack; (v) bang, confuse, shake, patter, disconcert raven: (v) guttle, feed, devour, gulp, harry, eat; (n) crow, plunder; (adj) black, jet; (n, v) gorge read: (v) say, decipher, understand, learn, construe, perceive, gather, indicate, demonstrate, translate, comprehend. ANTONYM: (v) write ready: (v) prepare, fix; (adj, v) fit, disposed, willing; (adj) quick, prompt, nimble, apt; (adj, n) available, dexterous. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwilling, reluctant, unavailable, unready, unripe, difficult, unenthusiastic, young reason: (n) account, intellect, occasion, object, understanding, argument, purpose; (n, v) cause; (v) argue, debate; (adj, n) rationality. ANTONYMS: (n) inconsistency, disincentive reasonable: (adj) rational, just, fair, legitimate, judicious, sensible, sane, temperate, impartial, inexpensive, equitable. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unfair, expensive, unsatisfactory, inadequate, excessive, intolerable, intemperate, inexplicable, ridiculous, obsessional reasons: (n) proof rebellion: (n) revolt, insurrection, mutiny, disobedience, uprising, unrest, revolution, outbreak, defiance, insurgency, commotion. ANTONYMS: (n) consent, compliance rebuke: (n, v) reprimand, rebuff, reproach, chide, blame, reproof, lecture, check; (v) castigate, berate; (n) admonition. ANTONYMS: (n, v) praise, compliment; (v) commend, acknowledge, approve; (n) approval recompense: (n, v) pay, redress; (n) compensation, amends, atonement, payment, consideration, indemnification, indemnity; (v) compensate, reimburse. ANTONYMS: (v) penalize, receive; (n) penalty recover: (v) reclaim, get back, recuperate, retrieve, regain, pick up, get well, restore, heal, convalesce, mend. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, die, decline, aggravate, abandon, worsen, scatter recreant: (adj, n) coward, renegade, poltroon; (adj, adv) cowardly; (n) apostate, deserter; (adj) disloyal, faithless, scary, fearful, dastard redeem: (v) recover, deliver, atone,

165 recoup, expiate, ransom, reclaim, save, free, extricate, refund. ANTONYMS: (v) hock, pawn, lose re-enter: (v) return, come back refined: (adj) delicate, cultured, graceful, polite, gentle, urbane, courteous, courtly, cultivated; (adj, n) polished, pure. ANTONYMS: (adj) unrefined, raw, uncouth, rough, careless, crude, brute, boorish, plain, lowly, inelegant refrain: (v) desist, cease, fast, avoid, leave off, withhold, stop, spare; (adj, v) forbear; (n) chorus, hold. ANTONYMS: (v) participate, act, consume, persist refuse: (v) deny, reject, decline, disallow, rebuff, turn down; (adj, n) waste, trash; (n) offal, litter; (n, v) dross. ANTONYMS: (v) allow, receive, permit, offer, dedicate, approve, agree, admit, choose, pass, affirm reign: (v) govern, command, predominate, dominate, prevail; (n) dominance, dominion, control, government, administration, kingdom relief: (n, v) help, ease, aid, relaxation, assistance, solace; (n) consolation, release, respite, abatement, rest. ANTONYMS: (n) capture, discomfort, worry, aggravation, grief, hindrance, intensification, distress relieve: (n, v) ease, assuage, mitigate, alleviate, allay, calm, redress; (v) free, help, console, excuse. ANTONYMS: (v) burden, aggravate, exacerbate, harbor, enforce, include, upset, depress religion: (n) piety, faith, creed, cult, sect, denomination, church, devotion, paganism, persuasion, holiness religious: (adj, v) devout; (adj) sacred, divine, saintly, holy, godly, scrupulous, devoted; (n) monk, nun, friar. ANTONYMS: (adj) irreverent, irreligious, slapdash, atheistic, impious, uncommitted religiously: (adv) conscientiously, spiritually, devoutly, reverently, sacredly, holy, Godly, scrupulously, devotedly, morally, devotionally remedy: (n, v) cure, redress, heal, help, medicine, relief; (v) rectify, amend, relieve, correct; (n) drug. ANTONYM: (n) poison remember: (v) commemorate, recognize, recollect, recall, consider, memorize, think, mind, call to mind,

166 retain, bear in mind. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, neglect, overlook remembrance: (n, v) recollection, mind; (n) commemoration, memorial, recall, relic, monument, keepsake, reminiscence, recognition; (adj, n) memento remnant: (n) end, relic, remains, residue, fragment, leftover, survival, trace, oddment, balance, stub remorse: (n) penitence, contrition, repentance, regret, guilt, penance, sorrow, grief, qualm, ruefulness, compassion. ANTONYM: (n) shamelessness removed: (adj) distant, remote, separate, far, detached, abstracted, absent, apart, aloof, separated, outlying. ANTONYMS: (adj) connected, together, worldly renowned: (adj, n) illustrious, glorious; (adj) famous, famed, notable, noted, eminent, distinguished, great, notorious, well-known. ANTONYMS: (adj) obscure, anonymous, undistinguished repair: (n, v) redress, mend, correct, cure, overhaul, fix; (v) patch, restore, doctor, renovate, compensate. ANTONYMS: (v) injure, arrive, wreck, worsen; (n) breaking, wrecking repeating: (n) repeat, iteration, renewal, repetition, redundancy, copying, reduplication; (adj) repetitious, iterating, iterative, repetitive repent: (v) deplore, bewail, rue, mourn, lament, atone, sorry, bemoan, feel remorse, grieve, be sorry repentant: (adj) contrite, remorseful, regretful, sorry, apologetic, ashamed, compunctious, penitential, rueful, humble, doing penance. ANTONYMS: (adj) impenitent, unremorseful, glad reply: (n) echo, response, reaction, repay; (n, v) return, rejoinder; (v) respond, react, rejoin, retort, counter. ANTONYMS: (n, v) question; (v) interrogate, ignore report: (n, v) account, gossip, name, record; (n) description, notice, recital, story, notification; (v) describe, recount represented: (adj) delineate, depicted, representing, drawn, painted, pictured, diagrammatic reputed: (adj) supposed, renowned, famous, conjectural, assumed,

King John famed, eminent, prominent, alleged, well-known, distinguished. ANTONYM: (adj) known request: (n, v) demand, bid, invite, wish, appeal; (v) ask, order, pray, call for; (n) prayer, application. ANTONYMS: (v) command, grant, insist, force, supply, reject; (n) ruling, response requests: (n) desires, requirements, needs, wants requital: (n) amends, recompense, retribution, reprisal, return, reward, repayment, payment, reckoning, pay; (n, v) guerdon rescue: (n, v) release, ransom, salvage; (n) deliverance, delivery, relieve; (v) extricate, recover, free, save, redeem. ANTONYMS: (n) involvement, loss, abandonment, downfall; (n, v) capture; (v) endanger, lose, aggravate resign: (v) renounce, cede, relinquish, quit, give up, leave, abandon, drop, deliver, surrender, forgo. ANTONYMS: (v) accept, continue, retain, stay resisting: (adj) tough, tenacious, sequacious, stringy, tough as whitleather, resistant, recalcitrant, opposing, making resistance, loath; (v) resist resolution: (n) determination, purpose, firmness, conclusion, answer, solution, resolve, decomposition, resoluteness, perseverance, settlement. ANTONYMS: (n) problem, feebleness, indecision, irresoluteness, irresolution, weakness, indifference resolved: (adj, v) resolute, firm, certain; (adj) fixed, definite, set, decided, conclusive, intent, solved, positive. ANTONYMS: (adj) undecided, flexible, irresolute, unconfirmed, uncertain respect: (adj, n, v) regard, worship; (n, v) esteem, heed, notice, reverence; (v) observe, keep, appreciate; (n) homage, deference. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scorn, dishonor, disregard; (n) cheek, insolence, impudence, disdain; (v) despise, humiliate, break, taint respective: (adj) individual, proper, relative, several, appropriate, peculiar, singular, corresponding, private, personal, regardful respects: (adj) abord, welcome; (n) compliments, greeting, compliment, baisemains, devoir, duty

rest: (adj, n) remnant, remainder, residue; (n, v) pause, balance, nap, relaxation, sleep; (n) recess, leisure; (v) remain. ANTONYMS: (n) activity, agitation, intensification; (v) change, stand, deteriorate retire: (v) resign, retreat, withdraw, leave, abdicate, ebb, depart, turn in, fall back, hit the hay, go to bed. ANTONYMS: (v) remain, enter retired: (adj) obscure, secluded, sequestered, solitary, emeritus, secret, lonely, withdrawn, superannuated, close; (adj, v) covert retreat: (v) retire, withdraw, depart; (n) refuge, departure, asylum, den, lair, retirement; (n, v) resort, return. ANTONYMS: (n) raid, development, extension, arrival, company; (v) progress, remain return: (v) recur, reimburse, restore; (n, v) pay, restitution, recompense, refund, restoration, render, retort; (n) proceeds. ANTONYMS: (n) departure, confiscation, abolition, recovery, loss, disappearance, penalty; (v) keep, depart, take, remove revenge: (n) retribution, vengeance, reprisal, retaliation, repayment, grudge, punishment; (v) retaliate, repay, requite, vindicate revenue: (n) receipts, proceeds, profit, earnings, interest, return, yield, gain, gate, returns, incomings. ANTONYMS: (n) loss, outgoings reverberate: (v) rebound, echo, resound, ring, resonate, sound, boom, recoil, bounce, vibrate, repercuss reverence: (n, v) respect, regard, fear, worship, honor, esteem, adore; (n) deference, adoration, admiration, awe. ANTONYMS: (n) despise, disrespect, irreverence, disdain, disparagement, contempt; (v) dishonor reverend: (n) preacher, clergyman, parson, rector, vicar, pastor, priest, minister, churchman; (adj) respectable, honourable revive: (v) refresh, invigorate, quicken, renew, renovate, restore, resuscitate, animate, awake, repair, recreate. ANTONYMS: (v) demoralize, kill, slay, stagnate, abandon, die, drain revolt: (n, v) mutiny, rebellion, insurrection; (v) sicken, nauseate, rebel, repel, repulse, offend; (adj, v) shock; (n) uprising. ANTONYMS: (n) attraction; (v) please, delight

William Shakespeare revolting: (adj) offensive, loathsome, nasty, foul, detestable, nauseating, nauseous, horrible, hideous, repellent; (adj, v) sickening. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, pleasant, tasty, delicious, edible, lovable, delightful, appealing, lovely ribs: (n) dinner, chest, bosom rich: (adj, n) copious, luxurious; (adj) productive, fruitful, full, deep, prolific, opulent, fat, affluent; (adj, v) fertile. ANTONYMS: (adj) poor, impoverished, destitute, broke, light, plain, lean, delicate, infertile, weak, barren ridiculous: (adj) foolish, preposterous, funny, laughable, ludicrous, inane, nonsensical, comical, farcical, amusing, comic. ANTONYMS: (adj) reasonable, inspiring, ordinary, sensitive, acceptable, generous, normal, possible, impressive, sane, worthwhile rights: (n) human rights, citizenship, possession, copyright, due, exclusive rights, nationality, official document, patent, government grant ring: (n, v) encircle, peal, call, loop, jingle; (v) resound, echo, reverberate; (n) gang, band, rim riot: (n, v) revolt, mutiny; (adj, n) disturbance, tumult, hubbub; (n) insurrection, sedition, commotion, disorder, rebellion; (v) rebel ripe: (adj) adult, ready, advanced, prepared, good, grown, perfect, matured, finished, consummate; (adj, v) mellow. ANTONYMS: (adj) green, unripe, immature, dry, poisonous, young, unsuitable, sweet ripping: (adj) splitting, great, terrific, glorious, wonderful, exquisite, superb, splendid, excellent; (n) tear, scarifying rise: (n, v) mount, lift, increase, heave, swell, jump; (v) ascend, arise; (n) elevation, ascent, progress. ANTONYMS: (n, v) decrease, drop; (v) sink, descend, plummet, retire, set; (n) reduction, descent, depreciation, ruin rising: (n) revolt, rebellion, mutiny, ascent, ascension, climb, rise, outbreak, insurrection; (adj) climbing, uphill. ANTONYMS: (adj) plummeting, plunging, decreasing, falling, setting, downward, content; (n) fall rites: (n) money, finances, wake, religion

river: (n, v) brook, stream; (n) flow, waterway, current, watercourse, Amazon; (v) burn, beck, bayou; (adj) water roar: (n, v) bellow, cry, shout, howl, bark, clatter, holler; (adj, n, v) thunder; (v) bawl; (adj, v) bluster; (adj, n) peal. ANTONYMS: (v) cry, week roaring: (n) bellowing, roar, bellow, thunder; (adj) booming, prosperous, thriving, flourishing, deafening, noisy, boisterous robe: (n, v) dress, array, vest, garb, apparel; (v) clothe, attire, rig; (n) gown, cloak, garment robert: (n) Henry Martin Robert rocks: (n) sunken rocks, family jewels, coral reef rolling: (n) peal, curling, wheeling, rolling movement, finish rolling, pealing, crimping; (adj) resounding, rolled, tumbling, resonating rome: (n) Eternal City, Italian capital, capital of Italy room: (n) chamber, occasion, house, apartment, opportunity, hall, opening, compartment, expanse, extent; (v) board. ANTONYM: (n) walkway rose: (adj) pink, rosaceous, risen, roseate; (n) pink wine, blush wine, rose wine, rosette, brier; (v) flush, redden rotten: (adj, v) decayed, musty; (adj) foul, poor, fetid, lousy, putrid, off, ill, shabby, wretched. ANTONYMS: (adj) fresh, superior, unrotten, good, incorruptible, honest, lovely, fair, great, respectful rough: (adj, n) hard, grating, jagged; (adj, n, v) harsh; (adj) raw, gross, cruel, crude, gruff; (adj, v) hoarse; (n, v) draft. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, silky, soft, sophisticated, refined, polished, precise, exact, pleasant, glossy, even rouse: (v) provoke, excite, arouse, kindle, awaken, instigate, actuate, disturb, move, agitate, incite. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, dishearten, suppress, douse, inhibit, stifle, quench royal: (adj, adv) regal, majestic; (adj) imperial, magnificent, kingly, noble, brilliant, sovereign, purple, August, princely royalty: (n) regality, payment, kingship, royal line, royal house, royal family, fee, tax, nobility, loyalty, majesty rude: (adj, n) rough, impudent,

167 coarse, abrupt, bold; (adj) blunt, discourteous, impolite, brutal, crude, mean. ANTONYMS: (adj) polite, refined, courteous, chivalrous, civil, proper, decent, exact, clean, gentle, inoffensive ruffian: (n) rowdy, rascal, hooligan, bully, brute, hoodlum, tough, miscreant, villain, rogue, roughneck ruin: (n) devastation, desolation; (adj, n) downfall; (v) break, consume, demolish, destroy; (n, v) doom, ravage, destruction, damage. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, enhance, save, restore, improve; (n, v) respect; (n) making, success, triumph, rise, preservation rumour: (n, v) rumor; (n) hearsay, fame, news, story, reputation, scuttlebutt, tale; (v) bruit runs: (n) Aztec two-step, sickness, Montezuma's revenge rush: (n, v) charge, flood, dash, flow, gush, race, run, speed, attack; (adj, n, v) burst; (n) onrush. ANTONYMS: (v) delay, dawdle, linger, wander, amble, hesitate, crawl, trickle; (n) shortage, slowness, unimportance sacred: (adj) holy, hallowed, dedicated, consecrated, divine, religious, pious, spiritual, inviolable, blessed; (adj, v) solemn. ANTONYMS: (adj) profane, unconsecrated, cursed, breakable sacrifices: (n) holocaust sadly: (adv) pitifully, dolefully, unfortunately, mournfully, sorrowfully, woefully, dejectedly, pathetically, wretchedly, forlornly; (adj, adv) seriously. ANTONYMS: (adv) cheerfully, contentedly, gladly, joyfully, fortunately, luckily, enthusiastically sadness: (n, v) melancholy, despondency; (adj, n) grief, distress; (n) misery, sorrow, desolation, regret, gloom, mourning, affliction. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, amusement, cheerfulness, laughter, contentment, comfort, cheer, hopefulness safe: (adj) reliable, cautious, good, dependable, sound, harmless, innocuous, correct, innocent, inoffensive; (n) closet. ANTONYMS: (adj) dangerous, risky, unprotected, vulnerable, hurt, insecure, harmful, reckless, unreliable, toxic, injured safety: (n) guard, security, refuge, safe, bingle, base hit, sanctuary, asylum, preservation, cover, shelter. ANTONYMS: (n) danger, hazard,

168 instability saint: (v) canonize; (n) holy man, evangelist, apostle, jimdandy, jimhickey, crackerjack, holy person, ideal, apotheosis; (adj) sacred sake: (n, v) interest, reason, motive, ground; (v) advantage, cause; (n) object, account, design, purpose, saki sale: (n) fair, disposal, sales, sales event, bazaar, market, demand, marketing, saloon, vend, vendition. ANTONYMS: (n) acquisition, purchase salisbury: (n) Fort Salisbury , capital of Zimbabwe, Harare salt: (adj) salty, saline, briny, brackish, pungent; (v) cure, pickle; (n) salinity, common salt, alkali; (adj, n) spice salute: (v) greet, hail, kiss, accost, acknowledge, buss; (n) salutation, bow, salaam; (n, v) address, compliment same: (adj) identical, equal, like, corresponding, equivalent, similar, uniform, even, consistent, matching; (adv) equally. ANTONYMS: (adj) different, varying, another, unlike, other, varied sands: (n) littoral, litoral, beach, coast, quicksands, shore sans: (adj) without, devoid, minus, short, in need satisfy: (v) please, persuade, meet, satiate, indulge, sate, appease; (adj, v) content, fill, suffice, do. ANTONYMS: (v) intensify, displease, disappoint, disgruntle, frustrate sauciness: (n) pertness, impudence, insolence, gall, cheek, flippancy, perkiness, archness, cheekiness, effrontery, sauce saucy: (adj, n) pert; (adj) bold, impudent, audacious, insolent, fresh, forward, impertinent, flippant, rude, brazen. ANTONYM: (adj) respectful savage: (adj, v) fierce, wild, furious; (adj) ferocious, brutal, cruel, bloodthirsty, rough, pitiless; (adj, n) brute; (n) vandal. ANTONYMS: (adj) civilized, gentle, nice savagery: (n) atrocity, barbarism, barbarity, ferociousness, savageness, cruelty, ferocity, inhumanity, viciousness, harshness, violence save: (v) rescue, hoard, conserve, keep, maintain, preserve, free, protect, liberate; (adv, conj, n, prep) except; (adj, v) economize.

King John ANTONYMS: (v) waste, squander, use, abandon, endanger, capture, asphyxiate, aggravate, destroy saying: (adj, n, v) maxim; (n) axiom, adage, phrase, dictum, idiom, byword, aphorism, expression; (n, v) saw, proverb scalded: (adj) scorched, overcooked, burnt. ANTONYM: (adj) underdone scamble: (v) lacerate, discind, hackle, slice scape: (n) flower stalk, peduncle, shaft, scapus, ray, perspective, Peter, prick, prospect, barb, rotating shaft scathe: (adj, n, v) damage; (n) impairment, detriment, injury, disfigurement, defacement; (adj, n) hurt; (adj) injure, impair, labefy, scath scattered: (adj) dissipated, thin, disordered, disconnected, confused, sparse, sporadic, distributed, rare, diffuse; (v) disperse scene: (n, v) aspect, view, outlook, lookout; (n) background, display, spectacle, picture, environment, panorama, perspective sceptre: (n) sovereignty, verge, wand, bauble, mace, brink scold: (v) reprimand, chide, berate, rebuke, abuse, lecture, reproach, rail, grouch; (n, v) nag; (adj, n) shrew. ANTONYMS: (v) praise, compliment, approve scope: (n, v) range, drift; (n) purview, domain, room, expanse, area, compass, horizon, oscilloscope; (v) view scorched: (adj) baked, adust, burnt, dry, seared, burned, charred, torrid, dried out, destroyed, drier. ANTONYMS: (adj) wet, humid scorn: (v) despise, contemn, reject; (n, v) ridicule, neglect, disregard, deride, slight; (n) contempt, derision, mockery. ANTONYMS: (n, v) respect, praise; (v) appreciate, revere, value, approve, admire, accept; (n) admiration, commendation, humility scribbled: (adj) hard to decipher, illegible, indecipherable, impossible to read, unreadable, incomprehensible scroll: (n, v) roll, list, roller, record; (n) curlicue, curl, archive, helix, book, whorl; (v) role scruple: (adj, v) hesitate, demur, pause; (n) hesitation, qualm, misgiving, distrust, objection; (n, v) mistrust; (v) falter, question scruples: (n) conscience, moral sense,

sense of right and wrong, morality, ethical motive, principle, ethics, moral fiber, morals seal: (n, v) stamp; (v) plug, bar, caulk, stop, shut; (n) cachet, hallmark, imprint, signet; (adj) conclude. ANTONYMS: (n, v) open; (v) unseal search: (v) grope, rummage, ransack, pry; (n) pursuit, exploration, examination, inquiry, inspection; (n, v) inquire, research second: (n) instant, jiffy, flash, minute, sec; (v) back, endorse, help; (n, v) support; (adj) latter, further. ANTONYMS: (adj) top, former; (n) age secondary: (adj) lower, minor, inferior, ancillary, derivative, incidental, junior, indirect, auxiliary, second, less. ANTONYMS: (adj) main, basic, fundamental, primary, direct, chief, central, major, senior, concrete, original secret: (adj, v) mysterious, hidden, covert, secluded, confidential; (adj) concealed, furtive, occult, obscure; (adj, n) privacy, secrecy. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) known, public; (adj) open, overt, apparent, unrestricted, external, visible, outermost, transparent, blatant securely: (adv) surely, safely, closely, solidly, steadily, assuredly, strongly, tightly, fixly, setly, stably. ANTONYM: (adv) insecurely seek: (n, v) ask, inquire; (v) hunt, endeavor, attempt, look, aspire, pursue, beg, quest, explore. ANTONYMS: (v) answer, grant seeking: (n) hunt, pursuit, hunting, effort, pursuance; (adj) searching, zetetic; (prep) looking for seem: (v) appear, feel, seeming, loom, expect, show, beseem, sound, glitter, glisten, gleam seen: (adj) visible, clad, beseen, accomplished, discovered, appearing; (v) observe, perceive, conceive, comprehend, understand seizure: (n) arrest, confiscation, capture, seizing, apprehension, appropriation, attachment, convulsion, detention; (adj, n) attack, assumption. ANTONYMS: (n) release, restoration, surrender self: (n) ego, person, me, individual, being; (pron) myself, herself, itself; (adj) same; (v) own; (adv) personally sell: (v) deal, handle, dispose, betray, give, promote, realize, merchandise, dispose of; (n, v) cheat; (adj) sold. ANTONYMS: (v) buy, wholesale

William Shakespeare semblance: (adj, n) color; (n) resemblance, appearance, look, aspect, air, image, similarity, pretense, guise, pretext. ANTONYM: (n) difference send: (v) pass, deliver, forward, convey, dispatch, mail, post, give, carry, divert, project. ANTONYM: (v) keep sensible: (adj) aware, sagacious, prudent, rational, judicious, perceptible, sane, wise, intelligent, appreciable, sage. ANTONYMS: (adj) ludicrous, crazy, unreasonable, stupid, silly, ridiculous, reckless, idiotic, outrageous, imprudent, mad sent: (adj) dispatched, imported, ecstatic, blissful, fascinated, intoxicated; (v) transmit. ANTONYM: (adj) unsent sequence: (n) order, succession, series, course, arrangement, line, chain, consequence, episode, progression, procession serpent: (n) snake, ophidian, viper, snake in the grass, reptile, rattlesnake, colubrid, contrafagotto, cor anglais, hautboy; (v) goose servant: (n) manservant, domestic, lackey, maid, employee, flunkey, retainer, boy, footman, flunky, menial. ANTONYMS: (n) master, mistress serve: (adj, n, v) avail; (v) assist, aid, act, benefit, tend, attend, operate, function, do; (n, v) officiate service: (n, v) overhaul, serve, refit, assist; (n) aid, employment, assistance, avail, ministration, ceremony; (v) attendance. ANTONYMS: (n) disservice, damage, hindrance, uselessness several: (adj, v) diverse, divers, sundry; (adj, n) a few, some; (adj) various, individual, different, particular, special, numerous. ANTONYMS: (adj) joint, all, none severally: (adv) separately, respectively, singly, variously, sundrily, independently, particularly, several, distinctly, apart; (adj, adv) one by one sexton: (n) beadle, verger, almoner, Anne sexton, Suisse, gravedigger, church officer, caretaker shadow: (n) ghost, darkness, apparition, follower, gloom, reflection; (n, v) eclipse, trace, tail, hint; (v) follow. ANTONYMS: (v) brighten, lead; (n) brightness, pallor shadowing: (n) screening, shielding, shading, pursuit, cast shadowing;

(adj) following surreptitiously shake: (n, v) jolt, beat, jar, quiver, wave; (v) agitate, excite, disturb; (adv, v) brandish; (adj, v) quake, totter. ANTONYMS: (v) soothe, steady shakes: (n) hangover, jitters, nervousness, tension, anxiety shaking: (adj, n) quivering, tremor, jarring; (n) quiver, palpitation, quake; (adj) quaking, shaky, flutter, unsteady, shivering shall: (n) must, necessity; (v) require, bequeath, leave shame: (n, v) disgrace, dishonor, discredit, humiliate, degrade, chagrin; (n) humiliation, modesty, scandal, insult; (v) abash. ANTONYMS: (n) pride, glorification, making, worthiness; (v) acknowledge, glorify, respect, dignify shameful: (adj) scandalous, dishonorable, opprobrious, shocking, ignominious, disreputable, despicable; (adj, v) foul, base, gross, black. ANTONYMS: (adj) honorable, noble, dignified, admirable, faultless, reputable, glorious, compassionate, praiseworthy, commendable, excellent shape: (n, v) cast, mold, fashion, mould, model, make, design; (n) pattern, figure; (v) determine, influence shapeless: (adj) amorphous, misshapen, unformed, unstructured, nebulous, inchoate, unshapely, indistinct, uncrystallized, embryonic, vague. ANTONYMS: (adj) distinct, defined, tailored sharp: (adj, n, v) keen, acute, bitter; (adj) intelligent, intense, incisive; (adj, v) biting, acid, acrid, severe, harsh. ANTONYMS: (adj) dull, mild, gentle, sweet, rounded, bland, round, smooth, blurred, naive, kind shears: (n) clippers, clipper, shear, pair of scissors, snips, shearing machine, pruning shears; (adj, n) cutters sheathe: (n) sheath, scabbard; (adj) dull, blunt, obtund, mollify, dulcify, lenify, subdue; (v) wrap, enfold shed: (v) discard, drop, moult, scatter, exuviate, molt, cast off, dismiss; (n) shack, hut, cabin. ANTONYMS: (v) keep, cover; (adj) persistent sheriff: (n) Lord Lieutenant, constable, shrieve, peace officer,

169 officer of the law, officer, police officer, law officer shifted: (adj) disordered, gone shock: (n, v) daze, jar, collision, surprise, outrage, shake, scare; (n) impact; (v) startle, offend, revolt. ANTONYMS: (n, v) delight; (v) please, encourage; (n) boost, security, bonus shook: (adj) shake, vibrate, addled, barrel, cask, confused, distressed, hurt, passionate, puzzled shoot: (v) discharge, flash, drive, dart, dash, send, photograph; (n) scion, branch; (n, v) sprout, hunt. ANTONYM: (v) trickle shores: (n) coast, seaboard, seashore, shoreline. ANTONYM: (n) interior shout: (n, v) cry, clamor, scream, yell, roar, call, bellow, screech; (v) bawl, hollo; (n) cheer show: (adj, n, v) present, appearance; (n, v) exhibit, produce, broadcast, indicate, parade; (v) point out; (n) presentation, ostentation; (adj, v) guide. ANTONYMS: (v) disprove, hide, withhold, suppress, disappear, cover, absorb; (n) concealment shower: (n, v) wash, rain, hail, drizzle, bath; (v) sprinkle, bathe, shed, scatter; (n) rain shower, rainfall. ANTONYM: (n) trickle shrewd: (adj) sharp, astute, keen, piercing, clever, cunning, bright; (adj, v) sagacious, knowing, crafty, prudent. ANTONYMS: (adj) foolish, gullible, naive, soft, candid, dim, innocent, guileless, obtuse, indiscriminate shrink: (adj, v) recoil; (n, v) flinch, wince; (v) contract, shorten, lessen, diminish, cower, reduce, quail, decrease. ANTONYMS: (v) increase, enlarge, grow, stretch, swell, bloom, rise, inflate sick: (adj) ill, queasy, poorly, ailing, weary, diseased, sickly, morbid; (adj, v) indisposed, unwell; (adj, n) invalid. ANTONYMS: (adj) healthy, fond, wholesome sickness: (n, v) disease, indisposition, malady, disorder, distemper, ailment; (n) complaint, qualm, nausea, disgust, queasiness side: (n) rim, faction, brink, direction, hand, aspect, margin; (adj, n) part; (n, v) party, border, face. ANTONYMS: (adj) distant, central, major, primary; (n) back, front, center, middle; (v) straddle siege: (n) blockade, envelopment, encirclement, investment, besieging;

170 (v) beleaguer, encompass, environ, envelop, encircle, beset sight: (n, v) vision, glimpse, show, aspect, appearance; (v) aim, spot, see; (n) view, prospect, scene sightless: (adj) blind, viewless, unseeing, invisible, unsighted, visionless, lacking sight, seemless, blinder sightly: (adj, adv) comely; (adj) fair, beautiful, shapely, bonny, personable, viewsome, middling; (adv) beautifully, fairly, worldly signal: (n, v) omen, gesture, presage, wave, alert; (n) indication, flag, alarm; (v) indicate; (adj, n) salient, prominent. ANTONYMS: (adj) inconspicuous, ordinary signs: (n) situation, indications, signage, appearances, cipher, cryptogram, discriminating marks, indicia, secret code, secret language, symbols silence: (adj, n, v) calm, still; (int, n, v) hush; (n, v) lull; (n) mum; (adj, v) appease; (v) mute, allay, pacify, muzzle; (int, v) shut up. ANTONYMS: (n) sound, openness, uproar, movement; (v) amplify, Louden, encourage, rouse silken: (adj) glossy, silk, sleek, soft, satiny, satin, shiny, smooth, slick, downy, mild. ANTONYMS: (adj) coarse, dull, rough silver: (n) money, gold, bullion, precious Metals; (adj) silvery, argent, white, silvern, gray, neutral tint; (v) plate silverly: (adv) brightly, whitely, graily, resplendently since: (adv, conj, prep) because, seeing that; (adv, prep) afterwards, before; (adv, conj) for, as; (adj, adv) ago; (conj) whereas; (prep) from, of; (adv) after sincerity: (adj, n) candor, honesty, integrity, probity, faithfulness; (n) earnestness, heartiness, genuineness, candour, frankness, cordiality. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, hypocrisy, flippancy, frivolity, affectedness, caution, reticence, deceit, doubt skill: (n) artifice, capacity, capability, knack, ability, faculty, finesse, cleverness, expertise; (adj, n) craft, cunning. ANTONYMS: (n) clumsiness, incompetence, uselessness, stupidity, ineptness, tactlessness, inexperience, ignorance, inaccuracy, delay, drawback

King John skin: (n) hide, fur, rind, coating, shell, hull; (v) pare, scrape, excoriate, flay; (n, v) bark slain: (v) slay; (adj) overthrown, mat, fallen, dejected, cast down slanderer: (n) backbiter, libeler, detractor, maligner, traducer, vilifier, calumniator, mudslinger, substractor, muckraker, knocker slanderous: (adj) defamatory, libelous, scandalous, calumniatory, calumnious, abusive, injurious, derogatory, libellous, denigrative, insulting. ANTONYM: (adj) complimentary slaughter: (n, v) murder, butcher, defeat; (n) carnage, butchery, bloodshed, drubbing, homicide; (v) kill, assassinate, slay. ANTONYMS: (n) preservation, victory; (v) lose, revive slave: (n) servant, bondman, thrall, bondsman, bondwoman, captive, vassal; (n, v) labor; (v) drudge, work; (adj, n) inferior. ANTONYMS: (adj) free; (v) slack slaves: (n) helotry, bondsmen sleep: (n, v) nap, repose, doze, kip, slumber, catnap; (adj, n, v) lie; (v) hibernate, nod; (n) dream; (adj, v) lodge. ANTONYMS: (v) awaken; (n) alertness, agitation sleeping: (adj) asleep, inactive, latent, sleepy, vegetive, vegetative; (n) dormancy, noctambulism, quiescence, quiescency, short sleep. ANTONYMS: (adj) active; (n) waking slight: (adj, adv) light; (adj) thin, flimsy, slender, fragile, petty, little; (adv, n, v) neglect; (n, v) insult, scorn; (v) ignore. ANTONYMS: (adj) considerable, major, obvious, thickset, severe, wide, fat, intense, heavy, likely; (v) acknowledge slippery: (adj, v) precarious; (adj) crafty, glib, elusive, oily, glossy, untrustworthy, wily, unreliable, tricky; (v) questionable. ANTONYMS: (adj) rough, dry, reliable, straight, direct slowly: (adj, adv, v) slow; (adv) deliberately, sluggishly, tediously, dully, gradually, unhurriedly, slackly, lethargically, belatedly; (adj, adv) lento. ANTONYMS: (adv) fast, hurriedly, promptly, rapidly, immediately, briefly, intelligently, vigorously, brightly, nimbly, punctually smack: (adv, n, v) slap, bang; (n, v) savor, knock, kiss, hit, buss, wallop;

(n) flavor, blow; (adj, n) dash small: (adj) little, narrow, slight, minor, inadequate, petty, fine, insignificant, light, remote; (adj, v) low. ANTONYMS: (adj, adv) big; (adj) sizeable, colossal, considerable, enormous, great, huge, bulky, major, giant, important smallest: (adj) least, minimal, littlest, lowest, last, first, negligible, smallest number of, bottom, littler. ANTONYM: (adj) maximum smell: (n, v) odor, scent, savor, perfume, stink, stench; (v) nose; (n) fragrance, bouquet, savour, odour smile: (n) grin, grinning, smiling, luck, facial expression; (v) laugh, beam, chuckle, simper; (n, v) grimace; (adv) smilingly. ANTONYMS: (n, v) scowl; (v) glower smiling: (adv) smilingly; (adj) bright, cheerful, jolly, joyful, of good cheer, twinkly, fair, sunny; (n) grinning, grin. ANTONYMS: (adj) sad, gloomy smith: (n) forger, metalworker, forge, architect, locksmith, maker, gunsmith, mason, manufacturer, builder, bricklayer smoke: (n) fumes, cigarette, cigar, smog, fog; (n, v) reek, fumigate, puff; (v) exhale, cure; (adj) tobacco smooth: (adj, v) quiet, level, facilitate; (adj) calm, oily, facile, fluent, flowing, flat, fluid, graceful. ANTONYMS: (adj) rough, uneven, wrinkled, peeling, jerky, ridged, flaking, abrasive, coarse, prickly; (v) wrinkle snatch: (n, v) pinch, snap, catch, grip; (v) abduct, clutch, kidnap, seize, jerk, capture, pluck. ANTONYM: (v) release snow: (n) cocaine, precipitation, snowfall, bark, barque; (v) overwhelm, beguile, hoodwink, bamboozle, lead by the nose, play false sociable: (adj) outgoing, affable, amicable, genial, congenial, cordial, companionable, amiable, gracious, agreeable; (adj, n) social. ANTONYMS: (adj) unfriendly, reserved, lonely, introvert, discourteous, frosty, hostile, inhospitable, disagreeable, shy, inaccessible soft: (adj, adv) easy, quiet; (adj) limp, light, balmy, delicate, slack, loose, smooth; (adj, v) feeble; (adj, adv, v) low. ANTONYMS: (adj) hard, firm,

William Shakespeare harsh, loud, hoarse, stiff, rough, solid, strong, shrill, alcoholic sold: (adj) depleted, interested; (v) to market soldier: (n) warrior, fighter, serviceman, champion, ranker, military personnel, swordsman, trooper, cavalryman, guardsman, janissary soldiers: (n) military, troop, force, the military, troops, defense force, military service, militia, soldiery, Territorial Army, armed forces sole: (n) bottom, flounder, base; (adj) single, singular, one, exclusive, individual, only, alone, solitary. ANTONYM: (adj) common solemn: (adj, n, v) serious; (adj, v) sober, important, sedate, devout, formal, demure; (adj) heavy, dignified, sacred; (adj, n) earnest. ANTONYMS: (adj) frivolous, cheerful, unceremonious, funny, playful, flippant, relaxed solemnize: (v) keep, commemorate, observe, hold, solemnise, manage, do honor to, celebrate keep, signalize, solemnization, preside something: (n) what, object, thing, article, entity, substance, somebody; (adv, n) somewhat; (adv) rather, a little, kinda. ANTONYM: (pron) nothing soon: (adv) shortly, presently, anon, immediately, directly, at once, before long, betimes, quickly, promptly; (adj, adv) early. ANTONYMS: (adv) now, eventually, later, slowly sooth: (n) verity, soothsaying, fact, truth, reality sore: (adj, n, v) hurt; (adj) sensitive, angry, grievous, raw; (n) injury, lesion, cut, boil; (v) acute; (adj, v) sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) happy, healthy, pleased, comfortable sorrow: (n, v) regret, lament, grieve; (v) mourn; (n) mourning, heartache, repentance, remorse; (adj, n) sadness, misery; (adj, n, v) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) joy, delight, happiness, peace, hopefulness, cheerfulness, shamelessness, calm, content; (v) rejoice sought: (adj) required, quest, seeking, popular soul: (n) creature, human, person, personification, ghost, individual, mind, essence, life, self; (adj, n) heart. ANTONYMS: (n) surface, body sound: (n, v) chime, echo, peal; (adj)

reasonable, complete, healthy, sensible, sane, rational; (adj, v) fit, fast. ANTONYMS: (adj) illogical, unsound, confused, unreliable, flawed, flimsy, silent, weak, unreasonable; (n) silence; (v) devoice souse: (n, v) soak; (adj, v) plunge, immerse; (v) douse, drench, saturate, dunk, duck; (n) drunk, sot, drenching sovereign: (n) ruler, king, lord, emperor; (adj) independent, autonomous, imperial, royal, free, regal; (adj, n) prince. ANTONYMS: (adj) dependent, ineffective, useless spain: (n) spains, Espana spare: (adj, v) free, reserve, save, thin; (adj) slender, slight, additional, lean; (adj, n) extra, excess; (v) exempt. ANTONYMS: (n) shortfall, original; (adj) principal, fat, basic, abundant, stout; (v) need, include sparkle: (n, v) flicker, flash, shimmer, spark, shine, blaze, fizz, gleam, glitter; (v) blink, glare. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, dullness, lifelessness speak: (adj, v) pronounce, utter; (v) converse, say, deliver, articulate, recite, talk, discourse, lecture; (n) language speaks: (n) talks spectacle: (n) scene, pageant, display, exhibition, phenomenon, appearance, spectacles, view, wonder; (n, v) sight, parade. ANTONYM: (n) understatement sped: (v) done for speechless: (adj) silent, mute, dumb, dumbfounded, voiceless, quiet, tongueless, tacit, noiseless, mum, wordless. ANTONYMS: (adj) loquacious, eloquent, talkative speed: (n, v) hurry, hasten, rush, race, dispatch; (v) quicken, run, dash, expedite; (n) velocity, rapidity. ANTONYMS: (n) amble, tardiness; (v) decelerate, hinder, linger, delay, crawl speedy: (adj, v) rapid, prompt, fleet, swift; (adj) fast, agile, ready, immediate, cursory, hurried, brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) leisurely, plodding spend: (v) expend, exhaust, squander, pay out, blow, deplete, pass, wear, lead; (adj, v) waste; (n) outlay. ANTONYMS: (v) conserve, earn, hoard, keep spider: (n) spiders, tarantula, arachnid, mussuk, chatti, lota,

171 schooner, wedge ring, spinner, star handle, terrine spill: (n, v) overflow, fall, drop, flow, stream; (v) shed, empty, upset, pour, slop, cast spirit: (n, v) courage, mind; (n) mood, ghost, apparition, disposition, energy, essence, soul, phantom; (adj, n) animation. ANTONYMS: (n) lethargy, body, cowardice, surface, sluggishness, lifelessness, defeatism spirits: (n) alcohol, booze, humor, frame of mind, liqueur, strong drink, hard drink; (adj) cheer, geniality, good humor; (v) wine spit: (v) drizzle, expectorate, sprinkle, spew, drool, spike, spatter; (n) broach, saliva, cape; (n, v) skewer spite: (n) malice, grudge, hatred, malevolence, rancour, venom, rancor, maliciousness, ill will, animosity; (n, v) pique. ANTONYMS: (v) please; (n) benevolence, goodwill, love, affection, harmony spleen: (n) spite, anger, resentment, rage, lien, malice, bitterness, rancour, huff, grudge, rancor. ANTONYM: (n) affection splendour: (n) pomp, magnificence, lustre, splendor, luster, brilliancy, resplendence, luxury, grandeur, grandness, brilliance spoil: (n, v) ruin; (v) rot, corrupt, mar, deface, sack; (adj, v) impair, damage, injure, harm, indulge. ANTONYMS: (v) improve, conserve, enliven, help, abuse, beautify, deny, neglect, correct, respect, clean spoke: (n) bar, rung, radius, rule, shoe, skid, rundle, line, clog, round; (v) said spoon: (n) spoonful, ladle, shovel, soup spoon, tablespoon, trowel, teaspoon, dipper; (v) smooch, dally, bill and coo sport: (n, v) play, pastime, jest, diversion, romp, joke, disport, gambol; (n) fun, amusement, recreation. ANTONYMS: (n) work; (v) conceal spot: (n, v) place, speck, blemish, speckle, fleck, dirty, dapple; (adj, n, v) stain, soil; (n) dot, space spots: (n) damp, drifter, floater, floating policy, muscae volitantes, Musca volitans spout: (n, v) jet, spurt, squirt, spirt, outlet; (v) gush, burst; (n) nozzle, pipe, nose, flow spread: (n, v) scatter, stretch,

172 increase; (adj, n, v) reach; (v) disperse, expand, propagate, disseminate, diffuse, circulate; (adj, v) extend. ANTONYMS: (v) suppress, gather, collect, fold, prevent, regress, shrink, specialize, concentrate; (n) decline; (n, v) decrease sprightful: (adj) sprightly spurn: (v) scorn, rebuff, repulse, disdain, reject, refuse, snub, kick, decline, deny; (n, v) slight. ANTONYMS: (v) admire, court, respect stable: (adj, adv) firm; (adj) reliable, stationary, fixed, fast, lasting, constant, durable, secure, solid, sound. ANTONYMS: (adj) shaky, wobbly, dangerous, volatile, precarious, rickety, tenuous, temperamental, fickle, temporary; (adv) loosely staff: (n) club, pole, post, employees, personnel, faculty, mace; (v) crutch, prop; (n, v) rod, stick stain: (n, v) spot, blemish, tarnish, blot, dye, smear, disgrace, mark, soil, dirt, defile. ANTONYMS: (v) enhance, dignify, clean stained: (adj) besmirched, dirty, colored, tarnished, soiled, tainted, sullied, flyblown, discolored, painted; (v) polluted. ANTONYMS: (adj) unspoiled, unstained, unblemished, clean stalk: (n) stem, shank; (v) pursue, walk, march, follow, shadow, tail, track, trail, hunt stamp: (n, v) print, imprint, mark, seal, brand, impress, cast, punch, shape; (v) trample; (n) impression stand: (v) endure, undergo; (n) rack, booth, attitude, base, pedestal; (n, v) live, position; (adj, v) suffer, tolerate. ANTONYMS: (v) sit, lie, yield, forbid; (n) top stands: (n) bleachers, stood, grandstand, standing, stop, covered stand, standpoint, stall, sales booth, reviewing stand, rack staring: (adj) conspicuous, garish, agaze, vivid, noisy, showy, fixed, opened, glassy; (adv) staringly stars: (n) heavenly bodies, fate state: (n) nation, position, kingdom, status, country; (n, v) say, show, place; (adj) national; (v) express, expound. ANTONYMS: (adj) private; (n) monarchy; (v) conceal, refute stay: (adj, n, v) remain; (n, v) rest, prop, stop, delay, abide, continue,

King John pause, endure, halt, support. ANTONYMS: (v) change, abscond, depart, move, disappear, become, go stealing: (n) pilferage, larceny, theft, steal, burglary, misappropriation, embezzlement, stolen, thievery, pilfering, thieving steeps: (n) pike, cliff, clough stench: (n, v) reek, smell; (n) niff, fetor, odor, malodour, malodor, mephitis, odour, foetor, fetidness step: (n) stage, degree, rank, level, gait, gradation, footprint; (n, v) walk, measure, stride; (v) tread steps: (n) step, stairs, staircase, stairway, flight, stepladder, scale, backstairs, companionway, escalator, stair stern: (adj) rigid, rigorous, austere, hard, strict, grim, solemn, rough; (adj, v) harsh; (n) back; (adj, n) rear. ANTONYMS: (adj) friendly, approving, lenient, funny, genial, gentle, kindly, lax, liberal, cheerful, flexible stick: (adj, v) adhere, cohere; (n, v) stab, paste, staff; (v) cling, attach, fix, bind, affix; (n) bar. ANTONYMS: (v) detach, open, undo stifle: (v) smother, suffocate, repress, dampen, muffle, extinguish, strangle, quell, hush up, asphyxiate, check. ANTONYMS: (v) express, arouse, stimulate, light, exacerbate, show stifled: (adj) strangled, suppressed, muffled, deafened, completely covered, dead, deadened, weak, deaf corn, regardless, decayed stir: (adj, n, v) move, bustle; (v) rouse, arouse, affect, agitate, inspire; (adj, n) movement; (n) commotion, excitement, disturbance. ANTONYMS: (v) dampen, retire, stultify, bore, steady, stifle, suppress; (n) quiet, peace; (n, v) calm stirring: (adj) lively, exciting, alive, rousing, spirited, touching, thrilling, active; (n) agitation; (v) eventful, brisk. ANTONYMS: (adj) depressing, boring, inactive, dull, conciliatory, asleep, uninspiring, unimpressive; (n) suppression stomach: (adj, v) brook, digest; (v) endure, stand, abide, bear, suffer, tolerate, take; (n) abdomen, appetite stop: (int, n, v) hold, stand; (adj, n, v) stay, cease; (n, v) check, end, close, block, bar, arrest; (v) obstruct. ANTONYMS: (n, v) continue; (v) begin, encourage, permit, prolong,

persevere, expedite, accelerate; (n) continuation, proceed, go storm: (n, v) rush, tempest, hail, attack, assault, charge; (v) fume; (n) shower, blizzard, hurricane, gust. ANTONYM: (n) trickle stout: (adj, n) sturdy, stocky, hearty; (adj) hardy, strong, robust, obese, husky, bold, corpulent, fleshy. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, slim, flimsy, cowardly, slight, skinny, fragile, weak straight: (adj) erect, honest, upright, even, fair, perpendicular, correct; (adj, adv, v) direct; (adj, adv, n) right; (adj, adv) level, flat. ANTONYMS: (adj) diluted, zigzag, winding, curly, curved, curvy, twisted, wavy, knotted, askew; (adv) indirectly strain: (n, v) stretch, sift; (adj, n, v) tax; (v) screen, filter, try, exert; (n) effort, breed, exertion, song. ANTONYMS: (v) laze; (n) ease, relief strange: (adj) foreign, peculiar, unusual, abnormal, outlandish, irregular, odd, new, mysterious, extraordinary, curious. ANTONYMS: (adj) ordinary, normal, familiar, typical, usual, conventional, explicable, sensible, mainstream, known, human strangely: (adv) curiously, queerly, unusually, funnily, peculiarly, weirdly, marvelously, uncommonly, extraordinarily, singularly, bizarrely. ANTONYMS: (adv) typically, ordinarily, harmoniously stranger: (n) foreigner, outsider, newcomer, outlander, immigrant, intruder, unknown, tramontane, trespasser; (adj) foreign, strange. ANTONYMS: (n) pal, native, associate, resident, familiar strangle: (v) smother, stifle, asphyxiate, scrag, tighten, repress, constrict, pinch, strangulate; (adj, v) throttle; (n) strangling straw: (n) rush, stalk, drinking straw, chaff, fig, bran; (adj) feather, cobweb, mote, gossamer; (v) strew streets: (n) street strength: (n, v) power; (n) energy, firmness, endurance, stability, potency, health, soundness; (adj, n, v) might; (adj, n) vigor, intensity. ANTONYMS: (n) frailty, shortcoming, flaw, faintness, powerlessness, moderation, limitation, instability, impotence, feebleness, disadvantage

William Shakespeare strengthen: (v) confirm, corroborate, brace, enhance, encourage, invigorate, intensify, fortify, toughen, stiffen, increase. ANTONYMS: (v) undermine, damage, sap, decrease, atrophy, demoralize, dilute, diminish, exhaust, reduce strew: (v) scatter, spread, disperse, disseminate, distribute, diffuse, sow, sprinkle, bestrew, circulate, propagate. ANTONYM: (v) concentrate strike: (n, v) hit, beat, bang, knock, assault, slap, clap, rap, smash; (v) impress, move. ANTONYMS: (n) defense; (v) extinguish, defend string: (n) chain, twine, strand, series, filament; (adj, n) file, row, range, rank; (n, v) run, thread. ANTONYM: (v) unstring strive: (v) endeavor, contend, contest, struggle, fight, attempt, combat, strain, work, aspire, aim stroke: (adj, n) blow; (n, v) touch, caress, mark, buffet, lick, pat; (n) beat, hit, knock, bang strong: (adj) intense, able, firm, stable, steady, solid, hard, lusty; (adj, v) deep, sound; (adj, n, v) steadfast. ANTONYMS: (adj) weak, pale, unconvincing, slight, feeble, frail, bland, faint, delicate, mild, lightweight stronger: (adj) reprobate, insensible, reproof, iniquity, hardening, shameless, graceless, immoralities, ministry; (v) Milman, misery strongly: (adv) firmly, vigorously, robustly, violently, solidly, vehemently, sturdily, hardily, mightily, energetically, severely. ANTONYMS: (adv) mildly, dimly, faintly, feebly, gently, loosely, slightly, submissively, thinly, languorously, impassively struck: (adj, v) smitten; (v) stroke; (adj) affected, afflicted, doting, dotty, enamored, gaga, hurt, in love, infatuated struggle: (n, v) contest, battle, conflict, combat, strain, endeavor, attempt, dispute, quarrel; (n) effort, exertion. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish; (n) ease, surrender, friendship strumpet: (n) courtesan, punk, harlot, hussy, slut, adulteress, wench, whore, loose woman, advoutress, fornicatress stubborn: (adj) contrary, hard, intractable, perverse, rigid, determined, persistent, refractory,

tenacious, obdurate, inveterate. ANTONYMS: (adj) compliant, irresolute, flexible, amenable, docile, easygoing, malleable, agreeable, accommodating, cooperative, feeble stuck: (adj) stranded, jammed, delayed, fast; (adj, adv) aground; (n) stuck ware, thrust, sticking; (v) sticked, fasten, attach. ANTONYMS: (adj) unstuck, loose stumbling: (adj) lurching, astounding, hesitant, halting, awkward, astonishing, maladroit, clumsy, weaving; (adv) stumblingly; (n) hesitation. ANTONYM: (adj) firm subject: (n) matter, citizen, motif, question, issue, affair, point, national; (adj, v) exposed; (adj, n) dependent, inferior. ANTONYMS: (n) foreigner, resolution; (adj) impervious subjection: (n) conquest, oppression, captivity, bondage, confinement, servitude, dependence, enslavement, slavery, repression, subjugation submission: (n) compliance, obedience, acquiescence, bid, offer, deference, entry, presentation, conformity; (adj, n) resignation, surrender. ANTONYMS: (n) defiance, divergence, disobedience submit: (v) comply, obey, acquiesce, give in, present, hand in, put forward, hand over, propose, give; (n, v) resign. ANTONYMS: (v) resist, persevere, defy, overpower, face, disobey, conquer suck: (v) nurse, drink, imbibe, suckle, absorb, lactate, puff, drain, pull, suck up; (n) sucking. ANTONYM: (v) rock sudden: (adj) precipitous, quick, abrupt, hasty, rash, unexpected, steep, unforeseen, drastic, immediate, swift. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, slow, gentle, leisurely, protracted, sensible, smooth suddenly: (adj, adv) quickly, rapidly, immediately, presto; (adv) hastily, short, all at once, sudden, sharply, unexpectedly, instantly. ANTONYMS: (adv) increasingly, predictably, slowly, gently, progressively, sensibly, eventually suffer: (v) encounter, stand, accept, undergo, brook, experience, have, endure, abide, sustain; (adj, v) allow. ANTONYMS: (v) enjoy, rejoice, flourish

173 suggestion: (n) advice, intimation, proposal, counsel, allusion, sign, trace, proposition, recommendation; (n, v) touch, dash. ANTONYMS: (n) warning, practice suit: (adj, v) fit, please; (adj, n, v) correspond; (n) lawsuit, plea, action, case; (v) adapt, accommodate, become; (n, v) answer. ANTONYM: (v) clash sullen: (adj, n) morose, sulky, sour; (adj) gloomy, gruff, glum, moody, dark, cross, surly; (adj, v) grim. ANTONYMS: (adj) bright, cheery; (n) cheeriness summer: (n) summertime, joist, rafter, beam, scaffold, season, skeleton, corner stone, lintel, transom, girder. ANTONYM: (n) winter summon: (v) assemble, convene, demand, ask, invoke, evoke, invite, muster, page, rally, convoke. ANTONYM: (v) disband sums: (n) estimate, calculation, arithmetic sung: (v) sing; (n) call, sung dynasty, strain, song dynasty, song, birdsong, birdcall; (adj) spoken, outspoken, choral sunk: (adj) sunken, undone, finished, ruined, profound, immersed, damaged, lowed, lying flat; (v) cut up, dashed superfluous: (adj, v) spare; (adj) needless, extra, excess, excessive, unnecessary, surplus, pointless, superabundant, supernumerary, supererogatory. ANTONYMS: (adj) indispensable, important, essential, basic, pertinent supernal: (adj) heavenly, celestial, ethereal, lofty, unearthly, spiritual, unworldly; (v) head, capital, polar, topgallant. ANTONYM: (adj) infernal supper: (n) meal, tea, lunch, repast, reception, mealtime, siesta, social affair; (v) dejeuner, bever, whet supply: (n, v) furnish, stock, afford, store; (v) fill, feed, provide, offer, produce, satisfy; (n) purveyance. ANTONYMS: (v) requisition, recall, refuse, withhold, take, buy; (n) lack supporter: (n) sponsor, backer, admirer, friend, ally, follower, patron, believer, protagonist, advocate, benefactor. ANTONYMS: (n) opponent, skeptic, detractor, critic, attacker, enemy, foe, rebel suppose: (v) infer, guess, speculate, divine, presume, conjecture, reckon,

174 imagine, estimate, consider, assume. ANTONYMS: (v) disbelieve, know, measure, despair, doubt, speculate supreme: (adj, n) maximum, utmost; (adj) dominant, sovereign, chief, principal, superlative, uppermost, consummate, preeminent; (adj, v) head. ANTONYMS: (adj) inferior, vulnerable, lowly, poor, secondary, worst, abysmal, powerless, provisional, weak sure: (adj) secure, reliable, safe, indisputable, dependable, assured, positive; (adj, v) steady, firm; (adv) certainly; (adj, adv) for certain. ANTONYMS: (adj) doubtful, uncertain, unsure, hesitant, humbled, dubious, indefinite, wavering, wobbly, unconvinced; (adv) doubtfully surely: (adv) positively, definitely, confidently, securely, undoubtedly, clearly, firmly, assuredly, absolutely; (adj, adv) really; (adv, int) of course. ANTONYMS: (adv) questionably, uncertain, weakly surety: (n) collateral, pledge, hostage, guarantee, earnest, guaranty, guarantor, certainty, assurance, sponsor, bail surly: (adj) sullen, grumpy, peevish, crusty, churlish, grouchy, gruff, morose; (adj, n) harsh, rude; (adj, adv) unfriendly. ANTONYMS: (adj) cheerful, gentle, pleasant, courteous, easygoing, friendly suspect: (v) mistrust, suppose, distrust, conjecture, guess, surmise, divine, disbelieve; (adj) fishy, questionable, shady. ANTONYMS: (adj) trustworthy, trusted, innocent, reliable, credible, aboveboard; (n) plaintiff; (v) know, believe swallowing: (adj) absorptive, unsuspecting, absorbent, absorbing; (n) consumption swart: (adj) pitchy, swarthy, dark, fuliginous, black, murky, sooty, malignant, inky, gloomy; (n) brunette sway: (n, v) command, rule, control, rock, stagger, roll; (v) oscillate, reel, lurch, shake; (n) reign. ANTONYMS: (v) stay, dissuade, discourage swear: (v) declare, assure, assert, affirm, curse, pledge; (n, v) promise, avow, depone, depose, aver. ANTONYMS: (v) distrust, refute, deny, compliment swears: (n) swearing sweet: (adj) fresh, mellow, lovable,

King John dear, pleasant, musical, melodious, pleasing, sugary; (adj, v) lovely; (adj, n) beloved. ANTONYMS: (adj) discordant, bitter, acid, sharp, acidic, pungent, salty, harsh, detestable, cacophonous, dry swelling: (n) protuberance, lump, swell, intumescence, growth, projection, prominence, bulge, dropsy; (adj, v) inflated; (adj) growing. ANTONYM: (n) decline swift: (adj, adv, v) fast; (adj) quick, fleet, speedy, alert, nimble, hasty, prompt, sudden, hurried; (adj, v) rapid. ANTONYMS: (adj) considered, leisurely, sluggish, gradual, delayed, clumsy swine: (n) hog, boar, beast, sow, Eohyus, babiroussa, babirussa, barrow, brute, razorback, grunter swoon: (adj, n, v) faint; (adj, n) collapse; (n) fainting, syncope, prostration, deliquium; (v) conk, black out, pass out, die; (adj) puff sword: (n) blade, sabre, brand, broadsword, falchion, cutlass, saber, steel, glaive, backsword, cutlas sworn: (adj) extreme, mortal, implacable, engaged, dedicated, committed, betrothed, bespoken, affianced, inveterate table: (n) board, schedule, chart, stand, list, desk, plateau, platen; (v) defer, shelve, postpone. ANTONYMS: (v) decide, vote, withdraw tackle: (n) equipment, rigging, kit, paraphernalia, rig, fishing tackle; (v) harness, deal with, handle, undertake, set about. ANTONYMS: (v) forget, ignore, dodge, neglect taken: (adj) occupied, full, interpreted, appropriated, seized, overcome, affected, besotted; (v) take, get, receive. ANTONYMS: (adj) given, free taking: (adj) fetching, attractive, contagious, winning, catching, fascinating, captivating; (n) capture, receipt, angry mood, acharnement. ANTONYM: (n) rejection tale: (n) account, narrative, narration, recital, fib, fable, report, fiction, lie, relation, yarn. ANTONYM: (n) fact talk: (n, v) discourse, gossip, converse, lecture, chatter, chat, address; (v) articulate, speak, prattle; (n) language. ANTONYMS: (v) refuse; (n) silence talking: (n) talk, conversation, nothingness, speech, speaking, verbal communication, words, yak,

language; (adj) sound, levelheaded. ANTONYM: (adj) silent talks: (n) parley, discussion, dialogue, diplomacy, arbitration, mediation, conversation, discussions, conference, meeting, dialog tame: (v) break, subdue, soften, domesticate; (adj) meek, docile, bland, domestic, gentle, slow; (adj, v) moderate. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, bright, unmanageable, interesting, untamed, inspiring, brilliant, colorful, rebellious, lively task: (n) job, assignment, duty, labor, commission, charge, enterprise, project, stint, occupation; (n, v) exercise taste: (n, v) relish, sample, smack, touch; (n) flavor, liking, penchant, morsel, bit, drop, fondness. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, tastelessness, disinclination, hate, lot, coarseness, uncouthness; (v) abstain, refrain taught: (adj) instructed, educated, schooled, instruct, well-bred, scholarly, provided; (v) firm, fast, close, taut teach: (v) enlighten, educate, instruct, coach, indoctrinate, drill, learn, lecture, school; (adj, v) guide, show tear: (n, v) rip, break, split, rupture, crack, run, slit; (v) pull, rend, lacerate; (adj, v) rush. ANTONYMS: (v) wait, mend, idle, fix, amble, dawdle tears: (n) cry, crying, snivel, brine, weeping, activity, bawling, bodily function, bodily process, body process, lacerations tedious: (adj) tiresome, boring, dreary, slow, heavy, humdrum, irksome, lifeless; (adj, v) monotonous, arid, dry. ANTONYMS: (adj) exciting, varied, easy, readable, lively, entertaining, enthralling, brisk, concise, exotic, pleasant teeth: (v) mortar and pestle, gristmill, nutmeg grater, grater, file, arrastra, rasp, mill, unguis, tentacle; (n) gear teeth tell: (n, v) disclose, impart, count; (v) relate, reveal, recount, divulge, explain, communicate; (adj, v) declare, express. ANTONYMS: (v) request, misunderstand, estimate, listen, figure, guess, withhold, conceal, suppress, confuse temper: (adj, v) moderate, soften, mitigate, harden; (n) character,

William Shakespeare disposition, humor, nature; (v) modify, season, qualify. ANTONYMS: (n, v) upset; (v) soften, agitate, excite, flex, bend, increase; (n) composure, happiness, wrath, equanimity temperate: (adj) sober, moderate, restrained, calm, reasonable, abstemious, gentle, balmy, abstinent, frugal, equable. ANTONYMS: (adj) violent, unrestrained, stormy, cool, extreme, hot, immoderate, wintry, rough tempest: (adj, n) storm, gust; (n) gale, hurricane, squall, disturbance, cyclone, typhoon, agitation, tornado, blizzard. ANTONYM: (n) serenity temples: (n) brow temporize: (v) procrastinate, tarry, circumvent, draw out, extend, temporise, hedge; (adj) gerrymander, double, intrigue, finesse tempt: (adj, v) attract, allure; (v) entice, decoy, charm, inveigle, invite, coax, seduce, fascinate, attempt. ANTONYMS: (v) discourage, appall, repel tend: (v) incline, lean, nurse, guard, attend, run, nurture, contribute, gravitate, go, nourish. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore, abandon tender: (n, v) offer, proffer, bid; (adj, v) affectionate; (adj) painful, sensitive, soft, loving, sore; (v) propose, present. ANTONYMS: (adj) hardhearted, rubbery, hard, rough, uncaring, healthy, mature, unfeeling, cold, experienced; (v) withdraw tent: (n) awning, marquee, pavilion, canopy, collapsible shelter, tabernacle, attention, pack tent, parasol, pop tent; (n, v) camp terror: (n, v) alarm, scare; (adj, n) dread, awe; (n) fear, dismay, consternation, horror, panic, apprehension, scourge. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, security, delight, calm, confidence thank: (v) give thanks, recognize, bless, thanks, give thanks to, convey, acknowledged, remercy, impart thanks: (n) acknowledgment, gratitude, blessing, grace, praise, gratefulness, recognition, credit, benediction, thankfulness; (int) thank you. ANTONYMS: (n) criticism, blame theatre: (n) theater, house, cinema, stage, arena, playhouse,

dramaturgy, dramatics, dramatic art, theater of operations, battleground themselves: (pron) myself, itself, yourself; (n) yourselves thereby: (adv) whereby, hereby therefore: (adv) thence, so, hence, accordingly, as a result, thus, for that reason; (conj) since, because, then, ergo thin: (adj) tenuous, flimsy, light, fine, emaciated; (adj, v) lean, gaunt, slight, sheer, meager, dilute. ANTONYMS: (adj) fat, concentrated, chubby, plump, wide, heavy, broad, strong, resonant, solid; (v) thicken thing: (n) affair, occurrence, object, event, concern, something, article, happening, substance, occasion, being things: (n) gear, belongings, equipment, garb, garment, clothes, paraphernalia, goods, life, property, palliament thirteen: (n) long dozen, large integer thirty: (n) large integer, termination; (adj) thretty thither: (adv) hither, whither, on that point, in that respect, at that place, in that location; (adj) further, ulterior, remoter, succeeding, more distant thou: (n) chiliad, grand, m, g, one thousand, gramme, gram, gm, gigabyte, Gb, curtilage though: (adj, conj) however; (conj) still, notwithstanding, nevertheless, albeit, whereas, while; (adv) even, after all, tho'; (adv, conj) tho thought: (n) idea, impression, conception, belief, concept; (adj, n) opinion, feeling, sentiment; (n, v) consideration, reflection, observation. ANTONYMS: (n) thing, vacuity, vacancy, concrete, thoughtlessness, inattention, impulsiveness, certainty, neglect, trust thoughts: (n) mind, opinion, depth of thought, feelings, reflection, ideas, workings of the mind, view, stance, position, considered opinion thousand: (adj, n) one thousand, k, m; (n) grand, g, thou, cat Valium, constant of gravitation, grounds, curtilage; (adj) a thousand thousands: (n) myriad, much, many thread: (n) screw thread, yarn, rope, wire, twine, ligature; (adj, n, v) line, file; (n, v) string together; (adj, v) range; (v) penetrate

175 threatening: (adj) ominous, forbidding, sinister, minatory, black, imminent, perilous, impending, dangerous, grave, sullen. ANTONYMS: (adj) reassuring, nice, approachable, pleasant, promising, favorable, friendly, harmless, hospitable, soothing thrill: (n, v) delight, shudder, quiver, shiver; (v) excite, exhilarate, exalt, stir; (n) shake, excitement, chill. ANTONYMS: (v) dishearten, discourage, disappoint, displease; (n) depression, calm, boredom, agony, sorrow; (n, v) bore thrive: (adj, v) prosper; (v) flourish, grow, advance, blossom, succeed, increase, bloom, get ahead, boom; (adj) luxuriate. ANTONYMS: (v) deteriorate, fail, languish, struggle, decrease throne: (v) enthrone; (n) can, stool, place, fecal matter, potty, chair, cathedra, lavatory, crapper, pot throng: (n, v) swarm, herd, mob, flock, press; (n) multitude, host, horde, mass, assembly, concourse. ANTONYMS: (n) trickle, few; (v) disperse throughout: (prep) during; (adv, prep) about; (adv) every inch, in extenso, en masse, on the whole, bodily, en bloc, passim, everywhere, thoroughly throw: (n, v) cast, pitch, push; (v) shed, hurl, heave, chuck, flip, pass, hurtle; (n) shot. ANTONYMS: (v) explain, help, receive, clarify, encourage thrust: (n, v) poke, stab, jab, drive, shove, force, punch, boost, cast, dig; (v) ram. ANTONYM: (n) inertia thunder: (adj, n, v) boom; (n, v) roar, bang, roll, bellow; (adj, n) peal; (adj, v) explode, detonate; (v) howl, rumble, fulminate thus: (adv) then, so, consequently, hence, thence, accordingly, as a result, ergo, thusly, for that reason, as tickling: (adj) sexually arousing, titillative, titillating, tingling, stinging, prickling, exciting, erotic; (n) titillation tide: (n, v) wave, flood, surge; (n) stream, flow, course, drift, time, high tide, run, piping times. ANTONYM: (v) ebb tidings: (n) intelligence, information, message, report, word, advice, communication, dispute, wind, statement, tiding

176 tiger: (adj) fury, dragon, demon; (n) hostler, cat, jockey, ostler, big cat, endangered, Alecto, monster till: (conj, prep) until, unto; (v) plow, hoe, farm, dig; (adj) up to; (n) tiller, drawer; (adv) so far; (prep) to times: (n) present time, modern times, contemporary world, multiplication, time, period, era, many years duration, epoch, present, arithmetic operation tithe: (adj, n) tenth; (n) gavel, excise, custom, assessment, octroi, benevolence, tithing, disme; (n, v) tax; (adj) decimal title: (n, v) call, style, designation, term, designate; (adj, n) claim, right; (n) caption, denomination, appellation, epithet. ANTONYM: (n) possession together: (adv) in concert, conjointly, at the same time, at once, simultaneously, mutually, in unison, all together, at the same moment; (adj) united, stable. ANTONYMS: (adv) separately, individually, independently, apart, alone; (adj) separate, upset, unstable, separated, imbalanced, scatterbrained toil: (n, v) labor, work, drudge, sweat, drudgery, grind, labour, travail; (v) plod; (n) effort, exertion. ANTONYMS: (n) pastime, entertainment, fun, relaxation; (v) laze, neglect tokens: (n) decorations, discriminating marks, indications, indicia, insignia, signs, appearances, badges told: (v) related, narrated; (adj) numbered, oral, spoken, legendary, verbal, manifest toll: (n, v) ring, chime; (n) price, fee, tax, cost, charge, impost, due, tariff; (v) peal tongue: (n) lingua, speech, idiom, dialect, clapper, glossa, natural language, striker, talk; (v) lick; (adj) flowing took: (adj) taken; (v) receive toothpick: (n) strip, pick, picktooth topful: (adj) brimful tore: (v) tare; (n) moulding, molding torment: (n, v) tease, distress, harass, afflict, pain, annoy; (n) agony, anguish, suffering; (v) persecute, oppress. ANTONYMS: (v) please, delight, placate, comfort, soothe; (n) contentment, happiness, pleasure, calm, content torture: (n, v) pain, distress, agonize, afflict; (n) agony, anguish, suffering,

King John excruciation, grief; (v) rack, excruciate. ANTONYMS: (n) relief, alleviation, content, ecstasy, joy, pleasure; (v) relieve, alleviate touch: (v) hit, affect, border, adjoin, strike, reach; (n, v) contact, stroke, tinge, regard, tap. ANTONYMS: (v) shrink, secrete, separate, diverge, abstain, leave; (n) lot touching: (adj, v) affecting; (adj) poignant, pitiful, pathetic, adjacent, adjoining, emotional; (n) touch, contact; (prep) concerning, about. ANTONYMS: (adj) unaffecting, everyday, heartwarming, unmoving, heartbreaking, emotionless, unemotional, impassive toward: (prep) to, towards, approaching, headed for, just before, of, in the direction of; (adv, prep) on; (adv) about, around, by. ANTONYMS: (prep) from, away towers: (n) edifice town: (adj) municipal, urban; (n) borough, township, village, burgh, burg, municipality, townspeople, metropolis; (adj, n) community. ANTONYMS: (adj) country, private traded: (adj) listed train: (v) aim, exercise, direct, educate, tame, prepare, school; (n, v) coach, trail, tail; (n) chain. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, forget; (n) head traitor: (n) betrayer, conspirator, Judas, renegade, rat, quisling, deserter, cheat, collaborationist; (adj) insurgent, mutineer. ANTONYMS: (n) loyalist, patriot transgression: (n) fault, crime, misdeed, error, infraction, offense, violation, misconduct, breach, trespass, infringement. ANTONYMS: (n) piety, obedience translate: (v) construe, transform, decipher, explain, render, read, convert, define, turn, understand, alter. ANTONYM: (v) stagnate treacherous: (adj) unfaithful, deceitful, false, perfidious, dangerous, disloyal, unreliable, unsafe, Punic, fraudulent, faithless. ANTONYMS: (adj) faithful, loyal, honest, safe, true, genuine, forthright, stable, harmless, dependable, open tread: (n, v) pace, walk, rate, march, tramp; (n) gait, stride, footstep, footfall, track; (v) trample treasure: (n) gem, fortune, riches, funds; (n, v) hoard, prize, store; (v)

cherish, appreciate; (adj, n) jewel, precious stone. ANTONYMS: (v) dislike, disparage, scorn, neglect; (n) dud, poverty treat: (n, v) feast, manage, administer, regale; (v) process, deal, heal, nurse; (n) luxury, delicacy, tidbit. ANTONYMS: (v) harm, hurt, injure, neglect, exacerbate, deprive, deny, contaminate, cloud; (n) necessity treaty: (n) convention, protocol, concord, pact, contract, accord, covenant, alliance, compact, peace, bargain tremble: (adj, n, v) shiver; (n, v) quiver, shudder, thrill, palpitate; (adj, v) totter, quake; (n) throb; (v) flutter, quail, falter. ANTONYMS: (v) steady, calm trial: (n) test, examination, experiment, hardship, essay, hearing, audition, attempt; (n, v) affliction, adversity; (adj, n) distress. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, performance, happiness, ease, opportunity; (adj) known, definite, proven tribute: (n) commendation, tax, honor, testimonial, duty, homage, respect, eulogy, compliment; (n, v) contribution, subsidy. ANTONYMS: (n) blame, accusation, dishonor trick: (n, v) deceive, cheat, fraud, deceit, joke, sham, con; (n) prank, deception, device; (v) mislead. ANTONYMS: (n) frankness, honesty, misunderstanding, seriousness, truthfulness; (adj) real, genuine, innocent tripping: (adj) easy, flowing, lightsome, readable, swinging, swingy, nimble, lilting, light, fluent; (v) failing triumphantly: (adv) exultantly, winningly, jubilantly, elatedly, proudly, successfully, triumphally, conqueringly, gleefully, delightedly, gloriously trodden: (adj) trampled, damaged, beaten, compressed, packed down. ANTONYM: (adj) loose troop: (n) group, corps, gang, crowd, band, brigade, crew, herd, swarm, horde; (n, v) flock troth: (n) faith, engagement, betrothal, plight, vow, loyalty, espousal, fidelity, truth, verity, veracity troubled: (adj, v) concerned, solicitous; (adj) distressed, anxious, worried, uneasy, uncomfortable, disconcerted, upset, apprehensive,

William Shakespeare restless. ANTONYMS: (adj) unconcerned, composed, calm, easy, relaxed, tranquil, assured, carefree, brave, stable, unaffected truce: (n, v) respite; (n) peace, breather, reprieve, ceasefire agreement, agreement, pact, accord; (v) rest, pause, lull. ANTONYMS: (n) disagreement, fight, war true: (adj, n) genuine, authentic; (adj) right, faithful, even, correct, accurate, honest, straight, truthful; (adj, v) actual. ANTONYMS: (adj) inaccurate, untrue, bogus, untrustworthy, unrealistic, mythical, fraudulent, faithless, disloyal; (adv) wrongly, dishonestly truly: (adj, adv) really; (adv) sincerely, in truth, exactly, in fact, indeed, in reality, genuinely, right, certainly, honestly. ANTONYMS: (adv) insincerely, dubiously, doubtfully, apparently, inaccurately, indefinite, dishonestly, mildly, wrongly trumpet: (n) horn, cornet, bugle, clarion, trump, brass, trombone; (v) proclaim, promulgate, show off, blare trumpets: (n) Sarracenia flava, yellow pitcher plant, pitcher plant, yellow trumpet trust: (n, v) credit, rely, hope; (n) confidence, faith, reliance, belief, cartel, assurance; (v) believe, confide. ANTONYMS: (n, v) distrust, doubt, mistrust; (v) disbelieve, keep, hold, despair; (n) disbelief, suspicion, independence trusting: (adj) credulous, unsuspecting, naive, confident, confiding, simple, innocent, gullible, reliant, give, easy to fool. ANTONYMS: (adj) distrustful, suspicious, doubtful, hesitant, protective, shrewd, disingenuous, smart, jaded truth: (n) exactness, actuality, sincerity, verity, fidelity, fact, correctness, genuineness, faithfulness, certainty, honesty. ANTONYMS: (n) dishonesty, fabrication, falsehood, fiction, lie, inaccuracy, idealism, falsity, disloyalty, fallacy, invention tumbled: (adj) disordered tumult: (adj, n, v) hubbub, disturbance; (n) stir, commotion, bustle, din, fuss, excitement; (n, v) clamor, disorder, brawl. ANTONYMS: (n) peace, push, serenity, order, calm

turn: (n, v) curve, roll, twist, go, coil, round, change, bent, spin; (n) bout; (v) revolve. ANTONYMS: (n) failure, Miss, stagnation; (v) unbend turned: (adj) off, curved, rancid, twisted, false, bent, altered, sullen, having inflections, versed, glowering. ANTONYM: (adj) unturned twill: (adj, v) curl, wrinkle; (adj) corded, crisp; (v) braid, plexus, felt, plat, plait, mesh; (n) cloth twisted: (adj) perverted, deformed, bent, distorted, misshapen, coiled, twined, curved, wry, contorted; (adj, v) winding. ANTONYMS: (adj) tidy, normal, perfect, wholesome tyrant: (n) dictator, oppressor, autocrat, disciplinarian, bully, authoritarian, sovereign, czar, monarch, suzerain, stickler ugly: (adj, adv) surly; (adj) nasty, repulsive, frightful, forbidding, disagreeable, hideous, gruesome, evil, offensive, shocking. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, flowing, ornamental, nice, lovely, pleasant, safe, kind, gentle, appealing, agreeable unacquainted: (adj) unaware, unaccustomed, strange, oblivious, ignorant, unapprized, unapprised, unweeting, inexperienced, innocent, not learned. ANTONYMS: (adj) accustomed, knowledgeable, conscious, informed unadvised: (adj) unwary, inconsiderate, mistaken, uninformed; (v) unwarned. ANTONYMS: (adj) advised, wise unattempted: (adj) unsought unbegotten: (adj) unconceived, unmade, unproduced, unborn, uncreated, unbegot uncle: (n) father's younger brother, elder uncle, father's older brother, father's sister's husband, husband of paternal aunt, maternal uncle, niece, benefactor, EME, helper, kinsman uncleanly: (adv) foully, impurely, grubbily, dirtily, dingily, squalidly, muddily, grimily, messily; (adj) impure; (v) slovenly under: (adj) lower, down, nether, bottom, inferior, low, subject; (adv, prep) beneath, underneath; (adv) downstairs, infra. ANTONYMS: (adv, prep) over, above; (adv) primary, higher, major undergo: (v) experience, encounter, sustain, have, endure, bear, tolerate, go through, take, feel, know.

177 ANTONYMS: (v) commit, do, execute underprop: (v) support, prop understand: (v) interpret, hear, see, catch, learn, translate, grasp, construe, gather; (adj, v) realize, take. ANTONYMS: (v) misinterpret, misconstrue, misunderstand, disbelieve, mistake, reject, deny, Miss undoubted: (adj) unquestionable, undisputed, indisputable, undeniable, sure, positive, true, unquestioned, indubitable, definite, unchallenged unexpected: (adj) sudden, abrupt, casual, unforeseen, unanticipated, accidental, strange, unsuspected; (adj, v) unlooked for, unpredicted; (n) surprise. ANTONYMS: (adj) expected, gradual, normal, commonplace, protracted, ordinary, typical, customary unfeignedly: (adv) sincerely, truely, honestly, straightly, really, frankly, truly, heartily, authentically, authenticly, naturally ungodly: (adj) sinful, irreligious, iniquitous, wicked, profane, godless, blasphemous; (adj, adv) unholy; (adv) wickedly, impiously, sinfully. ANTONYMS: (adj) pious, reasonable, sensible, moral, devout, reverent unheard: (adj) aspirated, atonic, deaf, indistinct, involving surds, nonvocal, radical, sharp, silent, surd, irrational union: (n, prep) connection; (n) junction, league, merger, combination, association, confederacy, marriage, fusion, matrimony, coupling. ANTONYMS: (n) divergence, divorce, discord, division, disarray, disagreement; (adj) nonunion united: (adj, v) joint; (adj) combined, cooperative, connected, allied, mutual, concerted, mixed, conjunctive, undivided, common. ANTONYMS: (adj) separate, divided, disjointed, separated, rival unmannerly: (adj) impolite, unmannered, uncivil, impertinent, insolent, ill-mannered, discourteous, ungracious, rustic, disrespectful, churlish unmatched: (adj) unique, unparalleled, unequaled, incomparable, peerless, odd, unrivaled, nonpareil, unmatchable, supreme, unequal

178 unnatural: (adj) affected, artificial, grotesque, supernatural, forced, abnormal, eccentric, uncanny, stilted, mannered, anomalous. ANTONYMS: (adj) natural, normal, real, unaffected, commonplace, genuine, sincere unneighbourly: (adj) unfriendly unpleasing: (adj) displeasing, graceless, ungracious, unpleasant, disagreeable, wicked, not grateful, offensive, perturbed, restless, stiff unprepared: (adj) impromptu, extemporaneous, raw, unrehearsed, unready, extemporary, crude, improvised, unwary, surprised, weak. ANTONYMS: (adj) prepared, ready, attentive unruly: (adj) boisterous, insubordinate, disobedient, intractable, headstrong, uncontrollable, wayward, rambunctious, ungovernable, lawless, rebellious. ANTONYMS: (adj) manageable, obedient, yielding, biddable, compliant, loyal, gentle, peaceful, placid, restrained unseasonable: (adj) inopportune, inappropriate, premature, ill timed, improper, immature, inconvenient, ill-timed, inept, unchancy; (v) illtimed unsettled: (adj) changeable, undecided, doubtful, uneasy, outstanding, variable, unpaid, unresolved; (adj, v) unfixed, indefinite, undetermined. ANTONYMS: (adj) confident, definite, decided, well, sure, happy, constant, conclusive, certain, calmed, calm unstained: (adj) unblemished, unspotted, clean, unsoiled, pure, stainless, immaculate, unsullied, untainted, chaste, undefiled. ANTONYM: (adj) stained until: (prep, v) to; (conj, prep) unto; (adj) up to; (adv) so far, yet, before, meanwhile; (prep) pending, while, during, awaiting unto: (prep, v) to, till, up to; (prep) towards, before untoward: (adj) unlucky, unfortunate, inauspicious, unbecoming, inopportune, indecent, unfavorable, unseemly, improper, clumsy, stubborn. ANTONYMS: (adj) auspicious, suitable, lucky, acceptable, happy, fortunate untread: (v) retrace unworthy: (adj) undeserving, base, disgraceful, ignoble, low,

King John contemptible, despicable, ugly, unmerited, unseemly, shameful. ANTONYMS: (adj) deserving, valuable, honorable, estimable, reputable upon: (adv, prep) above; (prep) up, onto, against, towards; (adv) on, on that occasion, then, before, by; (n) at urge: (v) push, press, advocate, persuade, impel, induce; (n, v) spur, drive, force; (n) impulse; (adj, v) incite. ANTONYMS: (n) dislike, hate, aversion, disinclination; (v) dissuade, oppose, demand, prevent, restrain usage: (n, v) practice, use, employment, convention, usance; (adj, n, v) habit; (n) method, consuetude, wont, exercise; (v) application useful: (adj) helpful, beneficial, practical, handy, advantageous, valuable, convenient, effective, functional, efficient, gainful. ANTONYMS: (adj) worthless, ineffective, unusable, negative, decorative, destructive, detrimental, disadvantageous, ineffectual, irrelevant, theoretical using: (n) colonialism, employment, enjoyment, victimisation, mistreatment, victimization, development; (adv) through, via, by; (adj) usant usurp: (v) arrogate, seize, appropriate, take over, commandeer, capture, borrow, confiscate, take, grab; (adj) violate. ANTONYMS: (v) surrender, relinquish usurper: (n) dictator, pretender, thief usurping: (adj) encroaching utmost: (adj, n) maximum, extreme, uttermost, furthermost, best, highest; (adj, adv) farthest; (adj, v) supreme; (adj) last, furthest; (adj, n, v) greatest. ANTONYMS: (adj) moderate, worst utter: (v) say, state, speak, breathe, articulate, deliver, voice, pronounce; (adj, n, v) express, declare; (adj, v) tell. ANTONYMS: (adj) qualified, incomplete, uncertain, rather, slight; (v) conceal, hide, block utterance: (n) pronunciation, expression, speech, exclamation, statement, remark, articulation, observation, language, phrase, speaking vacant: (adj) blank, hollow, unfilled, void, free, unoccupied, bare, idle, expressionless, open; (adj, v) devoid.

ANTONYMS: (adj) full, cognizant, overflowing, inhabited, aware, comprehending, animated, solid, expressive, knowing vain: (adj) proud, arrogant, conceited, fruitless, idle, empty, abortive, ineffectual, unproductive, narcissistic; (adj, v) useless. ANTONYMS: (adj) shy, successful, possible, persuasive, selfless, fruitful, humble, useful, responsible, worthwhile, effective vainly: (adv) uselessly, futilely, fruitlessly, conceitedly, in vain, worthlessly, abortively, bootlessly, arrogantly, unproductively; (adj, adv) foolishly. ANTONYMS: (adv) fruitfully, successfully, effectively valiant: (adj) brave, courageous, intrepid, fearless, heroic, audacious, gallant, daring, dauntless, stout, stalwart. ANTONYMS: (adj) afraid, despicable valour: (n) valor, valiancy, valiance, heroism, courage, bravery, valorousness, prowess, daring, pluck, spirit valueless: (adj) useless, futile, insignificant, meaningless, null, unvalued, trifling, of no value, rubbish, priceless, refuse. ANTONYM: (adj) valuable vanity: (n) egotism, pride, emptiness, arrogance, futility, inanity, vainglory, conceitedness, pretension, pomposity; (adj, n) amour propre. ANTONYMS: (n) selflessness, humility, importance, value, effectiveness vantage: (n) superiority, preference, start, handicap, expediency, expedience, advantageousness, odds, asset, tax advantage, head start. ANTONYM: (n) disadvantage vast: (adj) large, immense, spacious, extensive, immeasurable, enormous, gigantic, wide, boundless, colossal, great. ANTONYMS: (adj) narrow, tiny, cramped, small, miniature, affordable, bounded, insignificant, slight, shallow, restricted vehement: (adj) fierce, intense, violent, strong, furious, passionate, ferocious, eager, hot, fervent, fervid. ANTONYMS: (adj) impassionate, indifferent, mild, calm vein: (n) vena, strain, nervure, mine, temper, blood vessel, tone; (adj, n) mood, humor, strip, frame of mind vengeance: (n) retribution, reprisal, retaliation, requital, avengement, wrath, vendetta, spite, revengeance;

William Shakespeare (n, v) avenge, resentment. ANTONYMS: (n) forgiveness, acceptance venture: (n, v) hazard, chance, stake, peril, attempt, gamble, adventure; (adj, n, v) dare; (n) speculation, danger; (v) endanger verify: (v) corroborate, ascertain, confirm, check, prove, support, certify, validate, sustain; (n, v) establish, authenticate. ANTONYMS: (v) invalidate, discredit, refute, undermine vice: (adj, n) imperfection, defect, blemish, failing, frailty; (n) corruption, sin, evil, immorality, iniquity, depravity. ANTONYMS: (n) asset, strength, propriety, virtue, righteousness, goodness, good, honesty; (adj) chief victorious: (adj) triumphant, successful, winning, jubilant, victor, fortunate, lifted up; (adj, v) triumphal, exultant, triumphing, on top. ANTONYMS: (adj) beaten, unsuccessful, failing, losing, sorrowful victory: (n) conquest, success, mastery, superiority, subjugation, win, laugher, achievement, checkmate, expugnation, fall. ANTONYMS: (n) defeat, loss, beating, failure, overthrow, forfeit vigour: (n) force, strength, vigor, energy, power, potency, vim, vitality, athleticism, verve, intensity vile: (adj, n) contemptible, dirty, low; (adj, v) base; (adj) despicable, ignoble, evil, sorry, revolting, offensive, nasty. ANTONYMS: (adj) attractive, kind, nice, lovely, lovable, gentle, honorable, good, delightful, admirable, noble villain: (n) rascal, scoundrel, rogue, knave, miscreant, criminal, bandit, crook, reprobate, varlet, rapscallion. ANTONYMS: (n) heroine, hero villainy: (n) evil, infamy, crime, villany, misdeed, baseness, enormity, atrocity, evildoing, evilness, injustice violent: (adj, n) rough, furious, tempestuous, severe, turbulent, boisterous, powerful; (adj, v) vehement; (adj) raging, intense, sharp. ANTONYMS: (adj) gentle, calm, nonviolent, mild, passive, moderate, pleasant, slight, refined, relaxed, friendly virtue: (adj, n) merit, excellence, quality, attribute; (n) honor, goodness, honesty, morality,

decency, probity, efficacy. ANTONYMS: (n) wickedness, guilt, vice, peccadillo, sin, dishonor, immorality, evil, demerit, inadequacy, disadvantage virtuous: (adj) upright, pure, righteous, good, moral, just, honorable, honest, respectable, decent, pious. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, sinful, corrupt, impure, unethical, decadent, degenerate, irreverent voice: (n) speech, vox; (v) enunciate, pronounce, speak, say, vocalize, express, utter, articulate; (n, v) sound. ANTONYMS: (v) devoice, block volley: (n, v) hail, firing, blast, explosion; (adj, n, v) burst, discharge; (n) fusillade, shower, storm, barrage, fire voluntary: (adj) optional, deliberate, unforced, willing, gratuitous, intentional, conscious, willful, intended, unpaid; (adj, n) volunteer. ANTONYMS: (adj) compulsory, forced, instinctive, unwilling, obligatory, welcome, professional; (n) draftee; (adv) paid vouchsafe: (v) grant, condescend, allow, confer, stoop, give, please, bestow; (n, v) accord; (adv) have the goodness, will you vulgar: (adj) rude, coarse, plebeian, nasty, common, foul, indecent, gross, unrefined; (adj, n) low, vile. ANTONYMS: (adj) refined, sophisticated, tasteful, polite, aesthetic, muted, fashionable, decent, artistic, pleasant, clean waft: (v) blow, float, drift, glide, wave, gust; (n) whiff, puff, vivda, vifda, pennoncelle wage: (n) pay, payment, fee, income, stipend, allowance, earnings, remuneration; (v) fight, engage, prosecute. ANTONYMS: (v) cease, halt, stop waist: (n) waistline, shank, middle, belly, isthmus, hourglass, undersurface; (adj) stricture, middle constriction, neck, wasp wait: (n, v) pause, hold, stop; (v) expect, anticipate, stay, await, lurk, ambush, remain; (adj, v) tarry. ANTONYMS: (n) act, continuation, doing; (v) interrupt, leave, begin, depart, continue; (intj) hurry walk: (adj, n, v) step; (n, v) gait, ramble, march, pace, hike, course, saunter, stroll, roam; (n) path. ANTONYMS: (v) run, ride, stride

179 wall: (n, v) fence, bar; (n) barrier, rampart, bulwark, cliff, earthwork, fortification, screen, rail, fencing walls: (n) brickwork, buttresses, defenses, masonry, ramparts, fortifications wandering: (adj) itinerant, nomadic, erratic, rambling, errant, migratory; (adj, v) stray, vagrant, vagabond, unsettled; (n) peregrination. ANTONYM: (adj) resident want: (n, v) lack, desire, miss, wish; (n) poverty, deficiency, deprivation, famine, necessity, destitution, shortage. ANTONYMS: (n, v) hate; (n) glut, despise, luxury, option, prosperity, supply; (v) disinterest, answer wanton: (adj) loose, dissolute, light, licentious, unchaste, lewd, debauched, unprovoked; (v) dally; (n, v) sport; (adj, v) flirt. ANTONYMS: (adj) moral, wise, nice, kind, gentle, decent, clean, careful, observant, justifiable, involuntary wantonness: (n) lust, unrestraint, licentiousness, sexual immorality, immorality, lasciviousness, unconstraint, voluptuousness, wickedness, lasciviency, sybaritism. ANTONYM: (n) restraint wants: (n) need, necessities warlike: (adj) military, belligerent, bellicose, pugnacious, combative, aggressive, armigerous, hostile, unfriendly, unpacific, militant. ANTONYMS: (adj) harmonizing, friendly warm: (adj) hot, affectionate, tender, ardent, cordial, fervent, lively, fond, loving, earnest, tepid. ANTONYMS: (adj) cold, unfriendly, aloof, reserved, hostile, uncaring, unenthusiastic, unwelcoming, stale, offhand; (v) chill warrant: (n, v) permit, vouch, license, assure, sanction, empower; (n) authority, authorization, security; (v) justify, ensure. ANTONYMS: (n) break; (v) debar wash: (adj, n, v) soak; (n, v) paint; (v) clean, scrub, mop, moisten, lave, scour, bathe; (n) washing, ablution. ANTONYM: (v) soil wasteful: (adj) improvident, profuse, prodigal, lavish, profligate, ruinous, uneconomical, spendthrift, thriftless, destructive, uneconomic. ANTONYMS: (adj) economical, cautious, parsimonious, efficient, frugal, productive, sensible

180 watch: (n, v) view, sentinel, clock, wake, regard, care; (v) observe, look, see; (n) sentry; (adj, n) surveillance. ANTONYMS: (v) neglect, overlook, harm, hurt, glance watchful: (adj) alert, observant, careful, cautious, wary, attentive, wakeful, mindful, circumspect, sleepless, awake. ANTONYMS: (adj) inattentive, negligent, oblivious, forgetful, careless, asleep, trusting, unprepared, reckless water: (n) urine, sea, lake, ocean, moisture, juice, river; (n, v) wet; (v) moisten, soak, dampen. ANTONYMS: (v) dehydrate, dry waters: (n) Clara Erskine Clement, amnionic fluid, amniotic fluid, body fluid, liquid body substance, Ethel waters, body of water, bodily fluid, boot weak: (adj, n) frail; (adj) flat, watery, fragile, flimsy, faint, thin, light, sickly, soft, nerveless. ANTONYMS: (adj) concentrated, firm, brave, safe, forceful, effective, healthy, intense, determined, powerful, robust weal: (n) wale, wheal, welt, prosperity, happiness, good, wealth, riches, welfare, injury, trauma wealth: (adj, n) abundance, plenty, affluence, opulence; (n, v) money, gold; (n) treasure, property, fortune, capital; (adj) richness. ANTONYMS: (n) penury, scarcity, dearth, want, need, lack wear: (n) clothing, clothes, apparel, attire, garb; (v) endure, fatigue, waste, bear, tire, fray. ANTONYMS: (v) refresh, reject, rebuild, please, freshen, disrobe, delight, cheer, refuse; (n) improvement weary: (adj, n, v) fatigue; (v) exhaust, tire out; (adj) tired, exhausted, fatigued, aweary, beat, languid; (n, v) jade, bore. ANTONYMS: (adj) energetic, fresh, lively, untiring, hopeful, refreshed; (v) refresh, enliven, energize, activate, rally weather: (v) survive, withstand, resist, brave, stand, brave out, wear; (n) climate, atmospheric condition, downfall, inclemency. ANTONYMS: (v) succumb, reject wedlock: (n, v) marriage, matrimony; (n) union, wedding, polygyny, bigamy, intermarriage, exogamy, endogamy, polyandry, misalliance weigh: (v) press, study, measure, matter, consider, count, deliberate, contemplate, assess; (n, v) balance, poise. ANTONYMS: (v) ignore,

King John neglect weight: (n, v) load, burden, charge, heaviness, bias; (n) significance, consequence, importance, pressure, stress, influence. ANTONYMS: (n) lightness, benefit, advantage, unimportance, meaninglessness, powerlessness, weakness, feebleness; (v) unburden welcome: (adj) pleasant, acceptable, pleasing, agreeable; (n, v) accept; (n) hospitality, reception; (v) receive, greet, invite, hail. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwelcome, unwanted, unacceptable, displeasing, disagreeable, unpleasant; (v) reject, evict, bar; (n) unfriendliness, goodbye welkin: (n) sphere, empyrean, firmament, heavens, sky, vault of heaven, celestial sphere, heaven, orbit, sphere of influence, surface well-born: (adj) aristocratic, patrician, gentle west: (n) due west, w, the occident, watt, geographic region, tungsten, New world; (adv) westwards; (v) to the west, south, north east western: (adj) occidental, Hesperian, occasive, occiduous, ponent, westbound; (n) horse opera, western sandwich, western movie, country, cowboy picture when: (adv, conj) once, as soon as; (adv) then, because, than, since, after; (conj) although, while, if; (prep) during whence: (adv) wherefrom, hence, because, for, why, wherefore, how, then, then thence so, how comes it, how happens it where: (adv) there, here, wherever, whither, in which, wherein, in what; (adv, pron) anywhere; (pron) everywhere; (n) point, spot wherefore: (adv, conj) therefore; (adv, n) why; (n) reason, proof; (adv) accordingly, consequently, so, wherefor, hence, whence; (conj) then whereupon: (adv) thereupon, hereupon, upon which, at what, at which wherewith: (adv) therewith, herewith whet: (v) quicken, excite, grind, stir, stimulate, hone; (n) goad, spur, fillip, stimulus; (adj) point. ANTONYMS: (v) blunt, dishearten, dull, dampen, quench whether: (pron) where while: (adv, conj) whereas, as, although; (n) time, spell, period, moment, interval; (adv) when; (conj)

though; (prep) during whiles: (n) while whilst: (conj) whereas, as, though, albeit, at the same time as, even as; (prep) during; (adj) pending whip: (n, v) lash, strap, goad; (v) flog, flagellate, beat, punish, thrash, trounce, stir, wallop. ANTONYMS: (v) lose, return whirl: (n, v) spin, turn, eddy, roll, wheel, twist, swirl; (v) reel, gyrate; (n) go, fling whisper: (n, v) murmur, hum, mumble, suggestion, hint, inkling; (v) breathe, hiss; (n) rustle, trace, breath. ANTONYM: (n) information whole: (adj, v) entire; (adj, n) total, integral, sum, aggregate, well; (adj, adv, n) all; (adj) complete, healthy, intact, full. ANTONYMS: (adj) incomplete, broken, partial, imperfect, unhealthy, deficient, destroyed, fractional, impaired, half, sick wicked: (adj) bad, sinful, atrocious, evil, vile, depraved, mischievous, immoral, unholy, nasty, naughty. ANTONYMS: (adj) innocent, pure, pious, moral, kind, admirable, kindhearted, helpful, decent, assisting, aiding wide: (adj) broad, spacious, roomy, extensive, comprehensive, large, vast, ample, capacious, open, sweeping. ANTONYMS: (adj) thin, restricted, skinny, straight, cramped, minute widow: (n) woman, relict, widower, adult female, widow woman, war widow, nobbled line; (adj) widowed, additional; (v) leave behind wife: (n) matron, missis, partner, married woman, spouse, consort, helpmate, housewife, lady, woman, viscountess wild: (adj, n, v) waste, desert; (adj, v) fierce, violent, reckless, raging; (adj) boisterous, untamed, stormy, rude, desolate. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, orderly, manageable, sane, domestic, cultivated, tame, restrained, mild, sensible, passive wildly: (adj, adv) madly, extravagantly; (adv) savagely, fiercely, violently, frantically, brutally, furiously, tempestuously, viciously, crazily. ANTONYMS: (adv) quietly, peacefully, meekly, cautiously, gently wilfully: (adv) willfully, designedly, deliberately, knowingly, frowardly,

William Shakespeare headstrongly, consciously, stubbornly, purposefully, persistently, on purpose willingly: (adv) readily, voluntarily, cheerfully, spontaneously, helpfully, disposedly, actively, openly, obligingly, eagerly; (adj, adv) freely. ANTONYMS: (adv) grudgingly, reluctantly, uncooperatively, unenthusiastically wilt: (v) flag, shrivel, sag, weaken, fade, languish, dry, wither, collapse, tire; (n) wilting. ANTONYMS: (v) flourish, rise, rally wince: (v) shrink, cringe, quail, cower, jump, contract; (n, v) flinch, start, winch; (adj) bear ill; (n) sit on thorns wind: (n, v) twist, turn; (v) meander, curl, bend, twine, curve, weave, crook; (n) air, gust. ANTONYMS: (v) unwind; (n) breeze window: (n) casement, pane, skylight, gap, Ventian window, clearstory, transom, windowpane, rosette, clerestory, embrasure windy: (adj) gusty, verbose, blowy, flatulent, wordy, breezy, tempestuous, empty, airy, prolix, bombastic. ANTONYMS: (adj) calm, still, straight, uncommunicative, unresponsive, airless, pleasant, direct wings: (n) insignia, agency winking: (n) twinkling, wink, blink, New York minute, jiffy, instant, nictation, nictitation, trice, blink of an eye; (adj) pink ribbons wins: (n) Windows Internet name service winter: (n) wintertime, season, time of year, hiems, frost, chill; (adj) wintery, wintry; (v) spend. ANTONYM: (n) heat wipe: (n, v) rub; (v) mop, clean, towel, brush, scour, scrub, clear, dry, wash; (adj) sponge. ANTONYM: (v) dirty wiry: (adj) lean, muscular, sinewy, fibrous, brawny, stalwart, ropy, thin, supple, vigorous, rough. ANTONYMS: (adj) straight, small, tiny, smooth, soft, stout, fat wisdom: (n) judiciousness, knowledge, sapience, sagacity, sense, prudence, discernment, insight, learning, depth, reasonableness. ANTONYMS: (n) stupidity, folly, inexperience, ignorance, flippancy, banality wish: (adv, n, v) will; (n, v) want, hope, need, inclination, longing,

aspiration, aim; (v) like, choose; (n) pleasure. ANTONYMS: (n, v) dislike, hate; (n) hatred, coercion, disinclination, aversion wishes: (n) desires, requirements, requests, needs, will witchcraft: (n) incantation, sorcery, witchery, enchantment, spell, black magic, necromancy, fascination, charm, black art, glamour withdraw: (v) retire, remove, retract, retreat, abandon, pull out, disengage, draw, cancel, leave, recede. ANTONYMS: (v) propose, give, advance, extend, offer, deposit, remain, engage, allow, permit, stay withheld: (adj) hidden, uncommitted. ANTONYM: (adj) ongoing within: (adv, n, prep) inside; (adv, prep) in; (adv) indoors, internally, inwardly, inly; (adj, n) interior; (prep) into, on, between; (adj) inwards. ANTONYMS: (prep) beyond, out without: (adv, n, prep) outside; (adj, adv) except; (adj) lacking, save barring; (prep) out of, sans; (n) minus, provisionally; (adv) save, beyond; (adv, prep) besides. ANTONYMS: (prep) with, having; (adv) inside wives: (n) woman woman: (n) girl, female, lady, dame, madam, mistress, matron, maid, gentlewoman, Donna, petticoat. ANTONYMS: (n) man, gentleman womanish: (adj) tender, feminine, female, womanlike, womanly, weak, unmanly womb: (n) belly, nursery, nest, intestines, guts, vitals, bowels, chitterings, cradle, entrails, viscera wonder: (adj, n) prodigy; (n) astonishment, admiration, amazement, surprise, miracle, phenomenon, muse; (v) admire, reflect, question. ANTONYMS: (n) expectation, belief, disapproval; (v) know, believe, anticipate, decide wondrous: (adj) marvelous, miraculous, marvellous, astonishing, tremendous, fantastic, phenomenal, extraordinary, rattling; (adv) wonderfully, marvellously word: (n) news, tidings, password, expression, report, vocable, statement, term; (v) formulate, phrase; (n, v) advice words: (n) speech, expression, row, text, fracas, argument; (n, v) altercation, squabble, tiff, dispute,

181 quarrel world: (n) cosmos, nature, creation, earth, public, sphere, society, realm, globe, macrocosm; (adj) global worse: (adj) worser, subordinate, waur, worsened, warre, unrelieved, minor, lesser, junior, poorer; (n) badness. ANTONYMS: (adj) improved, healthier, higher worship: (n) adoration, veneration, adulation, cult, homage; (n, v) reverence, respect, honor, revere, adore, glorify. ANTONYMS: (v) disrespect, dishonor, despise, deprecate, scorn; (n) disdain, disparagement, contempt, detestation worshipful: (adj, v) great; (v) honorable, noble, proud, dignified; (adj) reverential, godly, adoring, venerable, divine, doting worst: (v) whip, trounce, defeat, overcome, vanquish, pip, rack up; (adj, v) best, rout; (adj) floor, lick. ANTONYMS: (adj, n) best; (adj) highest, first, secondary worth: (adj, n) value, dignity; (n) cost, virtue, price, importance, excellence, quality, import, goodness, benefit. ANTONYMS: (n) insignificance, disadvantage, hopelessness, detriment, disgrace, inferiority, triviality, uselessness, inefficiency worthy: (adj) noble, good, meritorious, valuable, estimable, respectable, deserving, worthwhile, virtuous, honorable; (adj, n) celebrity. ANTONYMS: (adj) bad, unrespected, disreputable, mediocre, petty, poor, unimpressive, insignificant, dishonorable, despicable; (n) nobody wound: (n, v) bruise, cut, harm, pain, damage, scratch, stab, sting; (n) injury; (v) offend, injure. ANTONYMS: (v) heal, appease, aid, cure, repair wounded: (adj, v) hurt; (n) casualty, maimed; (adj) bruised, injured, bloody, aggrieved, saddened; (v) stricken, wound, struck. ANTONYM: (adj) unaffected wrath: (n) rage, resentment, ire, fury, displeasure, indignation, passion, madness, choler, irritation; (adj) angry. ANTONYMS: (n) happiness, love, composure, serenity wrathful: (adj) furious, irate, wroth, ireful, indignant, incensed, mad, raging, resentful, infuriated, choleric. ANTONYM: (adj) pleased wrested: (adj) perverted, distorted,

182 twisted, wry wrestling: (n) grapple, grappling, rassling, bout, event, clamshell, athletics, boxing, braving, pugilism; (adj) fighting wretch: (n) victim, villain, scoundrel, reprobate, reptile, miscreant, martyr, object of compassion, poor devil, prey, wreak wrinkle: (n, v) crease, crinkle, fold, rumple, crumple, furrow, pucker; (v) ruffle; (n) gather, line; (adj, v) curl. ANTONYMS: (v) unfold, straighten; (n) smoothness wrinkled: (adj, n) rough, rugged; (adj) puckered, creased, wrinkly, wizened, crumpled, lined, gnarled, unironed, crinkled. ANTONYMS: (adj) unwrinkled, ironed, straight writ: (n) edict, assize, certiorari, judicial writ, injunction, order, act, prescription, scripture, writing, ukase written: (adj) registered, clerical, conscript, enrolled, literal, hard-andfast, on paper; (n) examination. ANTONYMS: (adj) verbal, unscripted, unwritten wrong: (adj, n) evil, ill, injury, injustice; (adj, n, v) damage, injure; (adj) improper, false, incorrect, bad, inappropriate. ANTONYMS: (adj) correct, good, proper, honest, appropriate, just, true; (adv) correctly; (n) justice, virtue; (v) sympathize wrongs: (n) mala wrought: (adj) shaped, done, worked, worked up, formed yearly: (adv) annually, each year, every year, per annum, per year, by year; (adj) perennial, anniversary, periodic, annual tickets; (n) a year yesterday: (n) past, yesteryear, yore, mean solar day, past times, solar day, day, history, water under the bridge; (adj) pass, stale. ANTONYMS: (adv) nowadays; (n) today yield: (n, v) produce, return, allow, give; (v) surrender, concede, submit, give up, grant, cede; (n) output. ANTONYMS: (v) persevere, survive, stand, withstand, repel, reject, prevent, withhold, acquire, oppose, veto yielded: (v) yold, yolden yielding: (adj, v) flexible, pliable, supple, tractable, pliant; (adj) compliant, submissive, soft, obedient, docile; (n) submission. ANTONYMS: (adj) hard, firm,

King John inflexible, solid, rigid, obstinate, stiff, stubborn, unyielding, rebellious young: (n, v) offspring; (adj, n) juvenile; (adj) immature, fresh, adolescent, new, raw, baby, childish, early; (n) progeny. ANTONYMS: (adj) old, mature, adult, ripe, older, late; (adj, n) aged younger: (adj) Jr, little, petty, young, juvenile, Mickey Mouse, minor, minuscule, niggling, picayune, unskilled yours: (adj) own yourself: (adv) herself, themselves, itself, myself, ourselves, yourselves, physically youth: (n) youngster, young person, lad, juvenile, boy, adolescence, kid, younker, stripling, juvenility; (adj, n) young. ANTONYMS: (n) adulthood, adult, ripeness, maturity, aged youthful: (adj) immature, fresh, green, juvenile, vernal, adolescent, childish, new, tender, sappy, beardless. ANTONYMS: (adj) adult, mature, experienced, sophisticated, late zeal: (adj, n) eagerness; (n) fervor, enthusiasm, devotion, passion, vehemence, fire, fervency, heat, fervour, ardour. ANTONYMS: (n) apathy, lethargy, patience zealous: (adj) keen, enthusiastic, fervent, ardent, avid, devoted, strenuous, vehement, glowing, fiery; (adj, n) passionate. ANTONYMS: (adj) indifferent, apathetic, unenthusiastic, cool, halfhearted, moderate

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